THE HEART
Heart chambers :
Left & right atria Left & right ventricles Atrioventricular valves : Right : Tricuspid Left : Bicuspid/Mitral Semilunar valves Right : Pulmonary valve Left : Aortic valve
Heart valves :
Aorta Coronary arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Coronary sinus Right atrium
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibres
Conduction System
V1 - 4th ICS RSE V2 - 4th ICS LSE V3 - midway between V2 & V4 V4 - 5th ICS MCL V5 - 5th ICS AAL V6 - 5th ICS MAL
V1
5/1/2013
V2
V3
V4
V5
V6
9
P Wave
AXIS
LAD
RAD
GELOMBANG P Gambaran yang ditimbulkan oleh depolarisasi atrium Normal Tinggi : < 0,3 mvolt Lebar : < 0,12 detik Selalu positif di L II Selalu negatif di aVR Kepentingan Mengetahui kelainan di Atrium
Gelombang P Mitral
Gelombang P Pulmonal
P Pulmonale
P Mitrale
PR Interval
QRS Complex
GELOMBANG QRS
Gambaran yang ditimbulkan oleh depolarisasi ventrikel Normal : Lebar : 0,06 - 0,12 detik Tinggi : Tergantung lead
Normal gelombang Q Lebar : < 0,04 detik Dalam : < 1/3 tinggi R
ST Segment
T Wave
31
c. Jika iramanya irregular Ambil EKG strip sepanjang 6 detik, hitung jumlah QRS dan kalikan dengan 10 Atau ambil EKG 10 detik , hitung jumlah QRS dan kalikan dengan 6
Normal 60 -100 per minute <60 = bradycardia >100 = tachycardia To calculate rate
Count number of QRS complexes in a given number of seconds (e.g. 5 sec. = 25 large squares), then calculate rate per min (multiply by 12 for a 5 second period), or Count number of large squares between consecutive R waves and divide into 300, or Count number of small squares between consecutive R waves and divide into 1500 NB last two methods apply if rhythm is regular
Dr Paul Bradley, Clinical Skills Resource Centre, University of 37
5/1/2013
RR interval
Rate
= 300/RR interval (in large squares) or = 1500/RR interval (in small squares)
5/1/2013
2. RHYTHM
Normal cardiac rhythm : SINUS rhythm
Sinus rhythm characteristics : Rate 60-100 bpm Constant R R interval Negative P wave in aVR and positive di II P wave is always followed by QRS complex
43
Normal : -30o hingga +90o Deviasi Sumbu Ke Kiri (DSKi) : -30o hingga -90o Deviasi Sumbu Ke Kanan(DSKa) : +90o hingga -180o Sumbu Superior : +180o hingga -90o
44
3. AXIS
aVF -7
I-
I+ 2
aVF +
aVF : R = +3 S = -10 -7
aVF
49
II +
LVH
LVH
LVH
RVH
RVH
RVH
RVH
assm/april 2003