Job no.:
Date Prep.
5/6/2013
Equation (12)
Where:
Site Altitude-Elevation (m)
vol.of
expansion
tank,
gal (Closed, Open, Diaph)
Vt =
V s = volume of water in system, gallons
t 1 = lower temperature, F
t 2 = higher temperature, F
P a = atm.pres.psia (14.696 psia at sea level)
P 1 = pressure at lower temperature, psia
P 2 = pressure at higher temperature, psia
3
v 1 = specific vol.of water at lower temp., ft /lb
3
v 2 = specific vol.of water at higher temp. ft /lb
t = (t2t1),F, temperature differential
= linear coef.of thermal expansion, in/in-F
Data Entry
0
Closed
Open
Diaphragm
39
Temp T2 Hi
144
3000
3000
3000
3000
40
40
40
40
220
220
220
14.696
14.696
not reqrd.
220
not reqrd.
4.0
4.0
not reqrd.
4.0
39.7
39.7
not reqrd.
39.7
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01677
0.01677
0.01677
0.01677
180
180
180
180
6.50E-06
6.50E-06
6.50E-06
6.50E-06
( equals to 6.5 106 in/in-F for steel or 9.5 106 in/in-F for copper)
`
Water Volume in Hydronic System Components (Cooling or Heating)
System
Hydronic Components
Total Lps
1.2 Liters
per Ton of Refrigeration
Total Tons
Chillers
0.7 Liters
per Ton of Refrigeration
Total Tons
Fan Coils
Boilers
Radiators
1.9 Liters
per Kw
2 Liters
per m2 of Heat Surface
Total Kw
Tot. m2 of H.S
Total
Plus safety factor for other components, fittings etc. (%)
0.0%
11356.25
3000.00
11356.25
11356
Liters
3000.00
3000
Gallons
Expansion Tank EasyCalc
Table 2 Steel Pipe Data (excerpts) (c) 2000 ASHRAE Hndbk, Chap.40 HVAC Sys.& Equipment
Flow Area.
2
Inch
mm
meters
mm
1/2"
3/4"
1"
1-1/4"
1-1/2"
2"
2-1/2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
75
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
4.25
196
344
557.6
965
1313
2165
3089
4769
8213
12907
18639
32280
50870
72190
87290
114000
144300
179400
19
333
822
Liters per
Water Vol.
Water Vol.
Lineal meter
Liters
Gallons
0.196
0.344
0.558
0.965
1.313
2.165
3.089
4.769
8.213
12.907
18.639
32.280
50.870
72.190
87.290
114.000
144.300
179.400
0.8
24.9
720.9
10609.5
11356.25
Liters
0.2
6.6
190.5
2802.7
3000.00
Gallons
NOTES:
(c) 2000 ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Systems & Equipment, Hydronic Heating & Cooling System Design, Chap.12
The connected piping in hydronic systems is subject to expansion & contraction due to changes in system temp. especially during
initial system fill. Expansion tanks (or compression tanks) are required to protect against thermal expansion of the piping system
due to temperature rise. During initial fill the piping system could experience the largest thermal expansion.
In good design practice, in order to reduce the size of the expansion tank, it is preferred to install the tank before the system pump.
The size of the tank can also be reduced when the tank is installed at the highest point of the piping system where the pressure is
the lowest.
As an example, the lower temp. for a heating system is usually normal ambient temp. at fill conditions (e.g., 50F) & the higher
temp. is the operating supply water temp. for the system. For a chilled water system, the lower temp. is the design chilled water
supply temp., & the higher temp. is ambient temp. (e.g., 95F or 115oF for KSA hot areas). For a dual-temp. hot/chilled system,
the lower temp. is the chilled water design supply temp., & the higher temp. is the heating water design supply temperature.
Pressures at the expansion tank are generally set by the following parameters:
1) The lower pressure is usually selected to hold a positive pressure at the highest point in the system (usually about 10 psig
or 24.696 psia).
2) The higher pres. is normally set by the max. pres. allowable at the location of the safety relief valve(s) without opening them.
Other considerations are to ensure that (1) the pres. at no point in the system will ever drop below the saturation pres. at the
operating system temp. and (2) all pumps have sufficient net positive suction head (NPSH) available to prevent cavitations.
Given Data:
Vs =
t1 =
t2 =
3000
3000
40
40
220
220
Pa =
P1 =
P2 =
v1 =
v2 =
t =
=
Vt =
14.7
14.696
24.7
4.0
39.7
39.7
0.01602
0.01602
0.01677
0.01677
180
180
6.50E-06
6.50E-06
578
39
578
39
Example 2. If a diaphragm tank were to be used in lieu of the plain steel tank, what tank size would be required?
ASHRAE Data Users Entry
Example 2 Data Page1
Vs =
3000
3000
t1 =
40
40
t2 =
220
220
Given Data:
P1 =
P2 =
v1 =
v2 =
t =
=
Vt =
24.7
4.000
39.7
39.7
0.01602
0.01602
0.01677
0.01677
180
180
6.50E-06
6.50E-06
344
144
344
144
6. 200 Psig
7. 250 Psig
8. 300 Psig
9. 350 Psig
gallons
7.8
10.9
21.7
33.6
44.4
55.7
68.0
77.0
90.0
110.0
132.0
159.0
211.0
liters
200.6
302.8
401.3
499.7
598.1
798.7
999.3
1200.0
1400.6
1597.4
1998.7
2498.4
2998.0
3997.4
gallons
53
80
106
132
158
211
264
317
370
422
528
660
792
1056
liters
56.8
90.8
113.6
151.4
227.1
302.8
378.5
454.2
511.0
662.4
832.8
908.5
1154.6
1116.7
1514.2
1911.6
1987.3
gallons
15.0
24.0
30.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
135.0
175.0
220.0
240.0
305.0
295.0
400.0
505.0
525.0
Steam Boilers
Chillers
A. Boiler Types:
1. Fire Tube Boilers:
a. 15800 BHP.
b. 50026,780 MBH.
c. 30300 psig.
2. Water Tube Boilers:
a. 3502,400 BHP.
b. 13,00082,800 MBH.
c. 30525 psig.
3. Flexible Water Tube Boilers:
a. 30250 BHP.
b. 1,0008,370 MBH.
c. 0150 psig.
4. Cast Iron Boilers:
a. 10400 BHP.
b. 34513,800 MBH.
c. 040 psig.
5. Modular Boilers:
a. 4115 BHP.
b. 1364,000 MBH.
c. 0150 psig.
6. Electric Boilers:
a. 155,000 KW.
b. 5117,065 MBH.
c. 0300 psig.
A. Boiler Types:
1. Fire Tube Boilers:
a. 15800 BHP.
b. 51827,600 Lb./Hr.
c. 15300 psig.
2. Water Tube Boilers:
a. 3502,400 BHP.
b. 12,07582,800 Lb./Hr.
c. 15525 psig.
3. Flexible Water Tube Boilers:
a. 30250 BHP.
b. 10,00082,000 Lb./Hr.
c. 15525 psig.
4. Cast Iron Boilers:
a. 10400 BHP.
b. 1,0358,625 Lb./Hr.
c. 0150 psig.
5. Electric Boilers:
a. 155,000 KW.
b. 5117,065 MBH.
c. 0300 psig.
A. Chiller Types:
1. Centrifugal:
a. 200 Tons &Larger.
b. 0.550.85 KW/Ton.
c. 4.146.39 COP.
d. Turndown Ratio, 100% to 10%.
2. Reciprocating:
a. 200 Tons &Smaller.
b. 0.901.30 KW/Ton.
c. 2.703.90 COP.
d. Turndown Ratio, Staged or Stepped
based on nos of cyl.& unloadingcontrol.
3. Rotary Screw:
a. 501100 Tons.
b. 1.001.50 KW/Ton.
c. 2.343.50 COP.
d. Turndown Ratio, 100% to 25%.
4. Absorption (Steam or Hot Water):
a. 100 Tons &Larger.
b. 18,750 Btuh/Ton; 0.64 COP 1-Stage.
c. 12,250 Btuh/Ton; 0.98 COP 2-Stage.
d. Turndown Ratio, 100% to 10%.
5. Absorption (Gas or Oil):
a. 100 Tons & Larger.
b. 11,720 Btuh/Ton; 1.02 COP Gas.
c. 12,440 Btuh/Ton; 0.96 COP Oil.
d. Turndown Ratio, 100% to 10%.
AC Condensate Flow:
1. Range: 0.020.08 GPM/Ton
2. Average: 0.04 GPM/Ton
3. Unitary Packaged AC Equipment: 0.006 GPM/Ton
4. AHU (100% outside Air): 0.100 GPM/1,000 CFM
61-100
101-250
251 &Larger
2"
3"
4"
Pressure,
Pressure,
kPa
psia
kPa
psia
500
107.478
15.588
555
94.833
13.754
101.325
14.696
500
95.461
13.845
1 000
89.875
13.035
1 500
84.556
12.264
2 000
79.495
11.530
2 500
74.682
10.832
3 000
70.108
10.168
4 000
61.64
8.940
5 000
54.02
7.835
6 000
47.181
6.843
7 000
41.061
5.955
8 000
35.6
5.163
9 000
30.742
4.459
10 000
26.436
3.834
nds per
pressure.
10
11
048F.
040F.
12
13
14
ASHRAE Fundamentals
Table 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation
Temp.,
F
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Specific Vol.
ft3/lbw
0.01747
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01603
0.01603
0.01603
0.01603
0.01603
0.01603
0.01603
0.01603
Temp.,
F
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Specific Vol.
ft3/lbw
0.01604
0.01604
0.01604
0.01604
0.01604
0.01604
0.01604
0.01605
0.01605
0.01605
0.01605
0.01605
0.01606
0.01606
0.01606
0.01606
0.01606
0.01607
0.01607
0.01607
0.01607
0.01608
0.01608
0.01608
0.01608
0.01609
0.01609
0.01609
Temp.,
F
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
Specific Vol.
ft3/lbw
0.01609
0.0161
0.0161
0.0161
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01612
0.01612
0.01612
0.01612
0.01613
0.01613
0.01613
0.01614
0.01614
0.01614
0.01615
0.01615
0.01616
0.01616
0.01616
0.01617
0.01617
0.01617
0.01618
0.01618
0.01619
Temp.,
F
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
Specific Vol.
ft3/lbw
0.01619
0.01619
0.0162
0.0162
0.0162
0.01621
0.01621
0.01622
0.01622
0.01623
0.01623
0.01623
0.01624
0.01624
0.01625
0.01625
0.01626
0.01626
0.01627
0.01627
0.01627
0.01628
0.01628
0.01629
0.01629
0.0163
0.0163
0.01631
Temp.,
F
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
Specific Vol.
ft3/lbw
0.01631
0.01632
0.01632
0.01633
0.01633
0.01634
0.01634
0.01635
0.01635
0.01636
0.01636
0.01637
0.01637
0.01638
0.01638
0.01639
0.01639
0.0164
0.0164
0.01641
0.01642
0.01642
0.01643
0.01643
0.01644
0.01644
0.01645
0.01646
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
0.01646
0.01647
0.01647
0.01648
0.01648
0.01649
0.0165
0.0165
0.01651
0.01651
0.01652
0.01653
0.01653
0.01654
0.01654
0.01655
0.01656
0.01656
0.01657
0.01658
0.01658
0.01659
0.01659
0.0166
0.01661
0.01661
0.01662
0.01663
0.01663
0.01664
0.01665
0.01665
0.01666
0.01667
206
207
208
209
210
212
214
216
218
220
222
224
226
228
230
232
234
236
238
240
242
244
246
248
250
252
254
256
258
260
262
264
266
268
0.01667
0.01668
0.01669
0.01669
0.0167
0.01671
0.01673
0.01674
0.01676
0.01677
0.01679
0.0168
0.01682
0.01683
0.01684
0.01686
0.01688
0.01689
0.01691
0.01692
0.01694
0.01695
0.01697
0.01698
0.01700
0.01702
0.01703
0.01705
0.01707
0.01708
0.01710
0.01712
0.01714
0.01715
270
272
274
276
278
280
282
284
286
288
290
292
294
296
298
300
302
304
306
308
310
312
314
316
318
320
322
324
326
328
330
332
334
336
0.01717
0.01719
0.01721
0.01722
0.01724
0.01726
0.01728
0.01730
0.01731
0.01733
0.01735
0.01737
0.01739
0.01741
0.01743
0.01745
0.01747
0.01749
0.01751
0.01753
0.01755
0.01757
0.01759
0.01761
0.01763
0.01765
0.01767
0.01770
0.01772
0.01774
0.01776
0.01778
0.01780
0.01783
338
340
342
344
346
348
350
352
354
356
358
360
362
364
366
368
370
372
374
376
378
380
382
384
386
388
390
392
394
396
398
400
405
410
0.01785
0.01787
0.01789
0.01792
0.01794
0.01796
0.01799
0.01801
0.01804
0.01806
0.01808
0.01811
0.01813
0.01816
0.01818
0.01821
0.01823
0.01826
0.01828
0.01831
0.01834
0.01836
0.01839
0.01842
0.01844
0.01847
0.01850
0.01853
0.01855
0.01858
0.01861
0.01864
0.01871
0.01878
415
420
425
430
435
440
445
450
455
460
465
470
0.01886
0.01894
0.01901
0.01909
0.01918
0.01926
0.01935
0.01943
0.01952
0.01961
0.01971
0.01980