i

i

&1
E
REPORTOF
THEPORTAND.HA.RBOURRESEARCH
INSTITUTE
MINISTRYOFTRANSPORT

V
O
L
.15

N
O
.3

S
E
P
T
.
1
9
7
6

NAGASE
YOKOSUKAJAPAN

(REPORTOFP
.H
.R
.1
.
)

1
5 3 (Vol
.1
5N
o
.3
)1
9
7
6 9 (
S
e
p
t
.1
9
7
6
)

(CONTENTS)

1
. ... ..
H

(Ont
h
eS
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
so
f Wave G
r
o
u
p
s
.
.
. YoshimiGODA)

2
. 2

--.. 2
1
(Experimental StudyonNegativeSkinF
r
i
c
t
i
o
n on P
i
l
e
s(
2nd Report)
F
i
e
l
dExperiment o
fAsphaltCoated P
i
l
e
s

MasatoshiSAWAGUCHJKunioTAKAHASHJ)

3
.

5
3

(A R
h
e
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l StudyonAsphaltConcretes f
o
rA
i
r
p
o
r
tPavements

TsutomuFUKUTEKatsuhisaSATOHideoSHIBUYA)

4
. ( 1

6
9

(Study onFatigueo
fReinforced ConcreteBeams (
1s
t Report)

.
.
Osami HORJIShigeru UEDAKatsuhiroYANAGlSAWA)

fyl

5
.
-

9
9

(Laboratory ImpactLoado
fAnchorsonSubmarineP
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
s

ShigeoNAKAYAMAOsamuKIYOMIYATakaoFUJlSAWA)

6
.
-

1
4
7

(
S
t
u
d
i
e
sont
h
eS
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
no
fCorrosiono
fS
t
e
e
lS
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
si
nMarineEnvironments

.
.
.

..KazuakiZEN)
and Measuresa
g
a
i
n
s
tConcentratedC
o
r
r
o
s
i
o
n
.
.
.
H


1
5 3 0976.9)

5
.

**

1
8
.
5mm)
10.0m 3

.
e

0.5m 4
0
1
7
0
1.5m 1
0
7
0

-
"

- 99

REPORTOFTHEPORTAND
HARBOURRESEARCHINSTITUTE
Vo
1
.1
5N
o
.3 (Sept
.1
9
7
6
)

5
. L
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
yImpactLoadT
e
s
tbyAnchorsonSubmarineP
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
s

Shigeo NAKAYAMA*
Osamu KIYOMIYA**
Takao FUJISA
WA

Synopsis
This e
rd
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
st
h
ebehavior o
fsubmarinep
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
s and t
h
a
to
ft
h
e seabottom under anchor
impact l
o
a
d
s
. The l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
yt
e
s
ti
nt
h
el
a
r
g
es
c
a
l
el
o
a
d
i
n
gequ
ment'
v
e
s
s
e
lwas c
a
r
r
i
e
do
u
t
:i
n
o
r
d
e
rt
os
t
u
d
yt
h
e
s
eb
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
.
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
sandp
i
p
es
t
r
a
i
n
sweremeasuredwhen t
h
es
t
e
e
lp
i
p
e
Earth p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
sground porewater p
i
nt
h
esandwas under t
h
e impact l
o
a
do
fmodel a
n
c
h
o
r
s
.
Thea
u
t
h
o
r
sc
a
r
r
i
e
doutt
h
et
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
lc
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
so
ft
h
es
t
r
e
s
so
ft
h
eb
u
r
i
e
dp
i
p
eandcompared
t
h
e
i
rr
e
s
u
l
t
st
ot
h
er
e
s
u
l
t
s fromt
h
el
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
yt
e
s
t
s
.
Thef
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
gwere found: t
h
ep
e
n
e
t
r
a
t
i
o
n deptho
ft
h
emodel anchor dependson droph
e
i
g
h
tper
bottom a
r
e
ao
f model anchorandcoec
i
e
n
to
fsubgrade r
e
a
c
t
i
o
no
ft
h
e ground. Ttev
a
l
u
eo
ft
h
e
coec
i
e
n
to
ft
h
e impact l
o
a
do
f anchors i
sf
a
rl
a
r
g
e
r than t
h
a
to
ft
h
ecoec
i
e
n
tusedf
o
r buried
p
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
s on l
a
n
d
. Axial s
t
r
e
s
so
c
c
u
r
r
i
n
gi
nt
h
es
t
e
e
lp
i
p
e canbec
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
dbyt
h
emethodo
fabeam
i
r
c
u
m
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
ls
t
r
e
s
scan g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y bec
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
dby S
p
a
n
g
l
e
r
'
sf
o
r
m
u
l
a
.
on ane
l
a
s
t
i
cgroundandc

C
h
i
e
fo
ft
h
eS
u
b
a
q
u
e
o
u
sT
u
n
n
e
l
sandP
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
sLa
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
sO
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
Membero
ft
h
eS
u
b
a
q
u
e
o
u
sT
u
n
n
e
l
sandP
i
p
e
l
i
n
e
sL
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
sO
i
v
i
s
i
o
n

-100

e"


.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.

9
9

1
. ... ..... .....
.
.

.
.
.
..... ..... .. 1
0
3
H

2
. .
.
.

.
.

1
0
3
H

2
.1

1
0
3
0
6
2.2 1
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.....
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
... 1
0
8
2.3 ...
H

2
.
4 1
1
1
3
. ...
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.

1
1
3
H

3
.1 - 1
1
3
1
6
3.2 1

3
.
3 1
2
5

4
.

1
3
7

3
8
5
. . . . -... .. 1
H

1
3
8

.
.
.

.
.

1
3
9

)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.1
4
5

.
e

-101


3
1
8
.
5m m 6.9mm)

1
.

2
.

2
.
1

8)

2
.1 12m 10m 4.5

2
.
1
.
1

7.5m

150cm 3.5m

2.1.2

2
.
12
.
1

(
J
I
SG 3
4
4
4
) STK4
1

10m 318.5mm 6.9mm

530kg

2
.
1

1):;)

.
e

1
0
000
318.5
6
.
9
530.0
6
7
.
5
5
8
200
515

. 2--3 6)
7
)

1
10m

-103

.
1
2

mm
mm
mm

kg
cml
!
cm4
cm3

.qF

C
C

1
2
.
0

(UNIT:M)
LARGE SCALE LOADING EQUIPMENT

1
2
.
0

KANTO LOAM

1
0
.
0

2
.
2

230x200m m

2.1.3

1
0
0kg 2
6
.
5cm

2
.
2

2
0
0kg 51
.5cm4
0
0kg 5
2
.
0cm

2.2 1
0
0kg2
0
0kg4
0
0kg 3

-104

0
.

15AND

QI

C
l

I8AG

;PIPE
-+-

1
0
.0

'

1
2.
0

}
5
.
0

:
i
J
i
1
1
1
J
J
J
J
E
l
l
i
l

.
e

:
to
.
o

KANTO LOAM
2
5

(UNIT:M)
2
.
2

-105-

1
0
0kg2
0
0kg400kg 1:2:2

2.2

g 2kg
1
2
1
5
0
2
1

g
4

1:4:4

.
5
6:1
1:0
2
.
1
.
4

400

I 26.5
8
.
5
(cm) I 2

I 51
2.0
.5 I 5

.
3
2

I 42.0 I 50.0

51
.5
(cm2
l
I 5

I
2
0
8
3
.1 I
21
2
3
.7

(cm)

Ir

kg

/cm2
l
l
(

0.185 I

.
3
2

0.103I O
.188

2
.2

2
.
3

e~
N

OJN

2
.
4

200
m

M
HM

2
.
2
2
.
2
.
1

2.3

2 m

-106-

.
3 2
.
4
2

2
.76 0.38mm1.4
4

2.2.2

t/m3 15.6%1.1
0
3

2
.
5 40
-

0
.
0t/m2

N 0--1

0--3

2
.
2
.
3

2
.
3
-

2
.
6 30cm

2
.76
1
.4
4t/m3
3
.
4
6
0.38 m m
1
5
.
3
6 %
1
.103

(F.M.)

1.5m
3m
2.5m

.41.25m m
2
h 2
.
6kg/cm3

1
0
0

:
:
:
:
:
p
.
J
-j

80
~

1.0kg/cm3

c>
Z
."

lw

nunu

Z UEMa

IAr

60

0
.
0
1

1
11
/
I
I
I
W

V
I

IIIIIIIIIIII

G
A
Z

'
1
1
1
1
1

0
.
1

2
.
6

1
0

S
I
E
V
ES
I
Z
E(m

2
.
4

.
e

2
.
4

Dr

L
t

=1.

Dry

t
2
t

We

rWy4w

-j---.-

C=
0.0

O
.2
2:O
.261
O
.2
11
O
.06I
O
.1
3I
I
O
.075
(
t
o
n
)

(kg/cm3)
h

!
2.491:294i2.3
0
.uu
6811
4
7
V8
U1
v.
.
1
.
.
&
.
J
:
'10.85
:
t
~....

~.

J "'t

&".

2 . 6 0 .

10)

2
.
7 2 kg

z
d

50cm
150cm

-107-

2
.
5

2
.
5
p 3
6
4m
/
s
e
c :Vs 1
5
8m/sec

:V
p
V 3
8
3m/sec Vs

1
5
8m/sec VpVs
=0.4

:Vp

3
8
3

:V
s

1
4
7

2
.
3
2
.
3
.
1 10

Vp=)-Ji
(1
V p(1+
)(
1-2

J
+

Vs=J;

i)

(
2
1
)

i
i
)
i
i
i
)

VP : (
c
m
/
s
e
c
)

i
v
)

Vs: (
c
m
/
s
e
c
)

2
.
8

E: (
kg/cm2)

2
.
3
.
2

p (
kg/cm

(mm)

r3

P
6
P
4
1
1500

1500

=1580

R=

2
.
9

75cm 150cm 5
2
.
9
4

0
4

2
.
7

.
.
..

..
'

.
.
c

'
4

.
.
'
..
..
.
...
.

(
m
/
s
e
c
)

2
.
8

-108-

/
5
5
1

S
2 SI35/4S

3500

t
-

l
750@4=3000

3500
(
U
N
I
T
:mm)

53

52

51

A
:AXIAL DIRECTION
F
:CIRCUMFERENTIAL DIRECTION
2
.
9

2
.
3
.
3

2
.
1
2

5kg/cm2 12kg/cm2 2

2.7m 30cm

1kg/cm2 4 7

.
1
02
.
5(2
.
5
2

2.3.4

2kg/cm2

2kg/cm2

1 5kg/cm

.
e

54

1 75cm

1kg/cm2 1

75cm 1kg/cm2

.1
3
2

1 2
.
1
1

2
.1
4

2
.
5
(

1kg/cm2

5kg/cm22kg/cm2 (

-109

2kg/cm2

P-4

90

P
1

p
2

P
7

L 90

7
(cm)

I/E.~rtElIE

2
P
5 P

(cm)

-110

e
.

P
4 P-6 P
8P
9P
2 P~l P
l
0P
l
lP
5P
7

30~9

=270cm

2
.1
2 )

vklvw

2
V
6
6
75

_
1

75

.
e
4
0

2
.
5
2
.
3
.
5

2
.
4
2
.
4
.
1
2
.
2

2
.
6

10G

-2.7

pkl--'lll'

P-4

30~9=270m

2
.
1
4 (

2
.
6
-

(m) I
(
kg) I

."'6/ I

(m)

00511.011.51 005110011051200120513001305
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O
O

O
O
O O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O O
O
O
O O
O
O
O
O O
O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O O
O O
O O
O
O
O

O
O
O

O
O
O O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O O
O
O
O O
O
O
O
O O
O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

O O
O O
O O
O
O
O

1
0
8

1
0
8

1
0
0kg

i
i
)

2
.
6

2
.
4
.
2

i
i
i
)

i)

10.0m 318.5mm 6.9mm

i
v
)

0
.
5m. 1
.0m. 1
.5m
v)

2
.
7

1
0
0kg2
0
0kg400kg
v
i
)

0
.
5m. 1
.0m. 1
.5m. 2
.
0m. 2
.
5m. 3.0
m.3.5m
2
.
8

2.8

DI00A5
0

I:
5
01
0
01
5
02
0
02
5
03
0
03
5
0
c
m

A
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
0
0
k
g

2
0
0
k
g
B
C
.

4
0
0
k
g

5
0
c
m
1
0
0
c
m
1
5
0
c
m

D
.
.
.
.

W.-
3
.
3
.
1 2

0.5

m 0.5m 3.5m 7
2
.
6 (

-113

-3.1 -3.2

K (kg/cm)

0.185kg/cm2 (
1
0
0kg

1
H
1

)0.103kg/cm2 (200kg) 0.188kg/cm2 (

4
0
0kg)

(
3
1
) 1
1
H

100kg 400kg 200kg

(
3
2
)

b
.A

1W
2g

X )
(

)
(
)
(

lF

.)((
)

(
3
1
)

(
3
2
)

a
o

W; (kg)

ANCHORWEIGHT
1
0
0k
g
x2
0
0k
g
d
.4
0
0k
g

)
(

v (cm/sec)
K (kg/cm)

-b. (

v2=~K 11H2

) ( ) (

-b.<(

4
b.

1
1
H
; (cm)
g (cm/sec2)

1
0

2
0

3
0

4
0

5
0

(
3
2
) v=.
J2gH (H;

6
0

A
C
C
E
L
E
R
A
T
I
O
NOFANCHOR

K=k
S (k;

(G
)

S;

(
3
3
)

3
.1

v
a

hhw

ggk

(
3
3
)

(E)

FF.

141'f

=2

1.4
J

11H=J

3
3
)
-3.2 (

100kg

x 20 kg
t
. 400kg

aa

hx

r--

3
3
)
(
ANCHOR WEIGHT

1
0
0kg 400

'

'
'

aogo

O-

2.6kg/cm3 h

kg

10

1
5

200kg

PENETRATION OFANCHOR dH(cm)

2/3 100kg 400kg

-3.2

3
.1

3
.
3

-3.3 -3.4


t
JH/H 0
.1--0.02

c>

z
o
FguUU
gOU Z o

nununununu
E4321

t
JH/H>1
.0 t
JH/H>
>1.0 t
JH/H

C (
3
4
)
f
JH

(
3
4
)
P=K-m=Z-
;

t
JH/H=2/G

3
.
5
O

1
0

1
2

PENETRAT
lON OFANCHOR d H(cm)

3
.
3

(
3
5
)

F W

dH
.KH H

H:PENETRATION

nO f P 0

1Enununnv

nunununu
n

()

a
w
O

0.05

Z 0
.04
0 <
.
9
U

E0.03

LL

wO

W O

a
.
.00.02
O

LLrO

0
.
0
1
10

ANCHOR WEIGHT
100kg
x 200kg
A 400k
g

20
30 40 50 60
ACCELERATION OF ANCHOR (G)
-3.4 / (1)
-115

(
3
5
)

(
3
6
) J H (
3
3
)

J H 2
.5
/.
12= 1
.7
6

0
.
1

3.2
3
.
2
.
1

2
.
1
2 P-1
-

0
.
1

2
.
1
1 P-22
.1
4 P-2

qL

HH
4HH

aJ/

3
.
5

2.10 P-2
-

; -3.6

2
.13

JH/

W-1 W-22
.
1
4 W

H W/KH

1 -3.7 -

3
.
8

DRY SAND
BURIAL DEPTH

1
.0
1
0
1

ANCHORWEIGHT

!
q
okg
x200kg
A 400kg

(
3
6
)

1
0
1

'

z
o
M aogo
(E)

=2.5()0.51

xx

e.~

~A

1
.0

ANCHORWEIGHT
e 1
0okg
x 20okg
A 4
0
(
okg

1
0

6 8

DRY SAND
BURIAL DEPTH

1
.5
1
0
1

10

=
2
.
5
(
)

(
3
6
)

0
.
5
1

ANCHORWEIGHT

100kg
x200kg
A 400kg

"
.
.
2

d( "

"
'"

(
3
0
.
5
1 0.5

e
_

3
.
7 (1)

{E) FO OEO

10

2
.
0

MAXIMUM EARTH.PRESSURE (
k
g
/
cm
'
)

JH=2.5

(
3
3
)

0
.
5

1
.0

MAXIMUM EARTH.PRESSURE (
k
g
/
c

{
)

3
.
8 2)

-116

WET SANO
BURIALOEPTH 1
.0M
ANCHORWEIGHT
100kg
x200kg
d 400kg

1m 2m 100kg
2
.3kg/cm2200kg 1
.0kg/cm
0

3
.
0

400kg 1
.8kg/cm
2

{E} ZOOE

3
.
9()/( )
2

2
.
0

1
.0

2
.
5
MAXIMUM EARTHPRESSURE(
k
g
l
cm
'
)

3
.
1
0 (3)
WET SAND
BURIALDEPTH 1
.5M
ANCHORWEIGHT
100kg
X 2
00kg
d 400kg

3
.
0

2.0
z
c
>

3
.
1
0 3
.
1
1
-

z
a

1.0

0.2

k
g
l
cm
'

MAXIMUM EARTHPRESSURE(

3
.
1
1 (4)
F

1
.0 M

BURIALOEPTH

gamEE

ANCHORWEIGHT

nu--

4
e

VET SANO

100kg
200kg

d 400kg

3
.
0

2.0.

c>

10h

(
1
1

o
p

3
.
9

h :

0.5

1
.0

1
.
5

MAXIMUM WATER PRESSURE(

k
g
/
cn
f
>

3
.1
2 (1)

-117-


WET 5AND
BURIAL DEPTH

DRY 5AND
BUR1AL DEPTH O.SM

1
.5M

q
d

100kg

l
>

400kg

x 200kg

U3

3.0

ANCHORWE1GHT

50

Lunik-k

nununu
nununu

's?

-xA

ANCHDRWEIGHT

40
(

J44

unu

n
u

z
o 4E
U
U4

MAX1MUM EARTH PRESSURE (

k
g
l
c
m
'
l

3
.1
5 (2)

WET 5AND

0.05

0
.
1

0
.
1
5

BURIAL DEPTH

ANCHOR WEIGHT

MAXIMUM PORE WATER PRE55URE (

k
g
/
cm
'
)

50

40

100kg
x200kg
A 400kg

.
..
.

3
.
1
3 (2)

c)

3
.

0.5M

A
A

1
2 3
.
1
3

20

10

A
l
>

1
0
0kg 35%200kg
70%4
0
0kg 70%

0
.
1

0.2

0.3

0
.
4

0.5

0.6

MAXIMUM PORE WATER PRE55URE (kg/cm')

3
.1
6

20--40%

WET 5AND
BURIAL DEPTH

0.5M

50

40

ANCHOR WEIGHT
100kg
X 200kg
l
> 400kg

'
l

c)

A
A

z 30

0
-

a
a

~ 20
w

<
t 1
0

"

3
.
2
.
2
2
.
1
2
P-4 P-7 P-5

P-6
75cm

~.

3
.
1
7 3
.
1
9 3
.
1
7

MAXIMUM EARTH PRE55URE (kg/cm')

0.5m 1
0
0kg

3
.
1
4 (1)

1
.5m

75cm

2
.
1
2

0
30cm 1

0.5m

200kg 400kg 100kg

3
.
2
0 3
.
2
3 3
.
1
7

3
.1
9

1m

3
.
2
0 0.5m 1
0
0

0.5m

kg
050A50A350

.
.
E

4.0

0>
.
:

- 3.0

0
:
:

(
f
)

2.0

050A350
050A300
050A250
050A200
050A 100
050A 150
050A50

;
:
x
.
;
-

a
.

1.0
q

ee

}Z

m
p
i
w

oMd

ot

AH

.
e

2.0

oH
IT
R

3
.
1
7

--2E

'
'
i
O

(1)

01006)-6300

01006300
01006250
01006200
01008150
01008100
01008 50

=
:
r

0>
.
:

c
}

g
l
O
w

0
:
:

1
g
d

ats''

-a13

2
.5

5.0

EARTH PRESSURE(kglcm)
'

3
.
1
8

(2)


0.5
N

0.
4

c>

0150C200
0150C150
0150C100
0150C 50

E0.3

(
/
)

0150C50
C245

---

Z02
0
:
:

a
.

:
c0.1

0
.
1

t
l
+
I
L
O
-

0
:
:

50

.
10

3
.
1
9 (3)

E~RTH

2.
0

3
.
0

PRESSURE(kg/cm2)

DRY SAND
5

8URIAL DEPTH 0.5m

ANCHOR WEIGHT 100kg

Ea

E04)

050A350
050A300
050A250
050A200
050A150
050A100
050A50

zdu
O

150 120 90
5

60 30 o 30 60 90
-3.20 (4)

120 (cm)

DRY SAND
8URIAL DEPTH 0.5m
ANCHORWEIGHT400kg

e
.

za

("EOV}

4
050C200
050C150
050C100
050C50

zdu

150 120 90 60 30 0 30
3
.
2
1 (5)

-120

60

90

120

m
u

0100 C295
0100 C200
0100 C250
0100 CI50
0100 C100
0100 C50

zqu

/
1
.

u
o
o
-

D864208642
2111110000

DRYSAND
8URIAL DEPTH .
10m
ANCHORWEIGHT400kg

o
150 120 90

60

30

-3.22

30

(6)

60 90

120 (cm)

DRYSAND
8URIAL DEPTH .
15m
ANCHORWEIGHT400kg 0150C245

0150C200
0150C150
0150CIOO
0150C50

E
u

c'

w 0.6
0.5

Euom

~
(
f
)

0.
4

~e

EJnu

zq

a0.3

150 120

60 30

-3.23

60

90

120

(7)

30cm

30 1m

O 80cm

100kg 26.5cm

0.5m 30

1
.5 m

30

-121

2.0
W508350
W50 8300
W50 8250
W50 8 150
W50 8200
W50 8100
W50 8 50

5 UZOn

-3.24

EE)

-3.24

30

1
.0

15 20

-2.10 P-l

W-3

W-5

W-I

W-2

W-6

W-7

-3.26 (2)

P-3
( FF

Z}

P-3
P-3

30cm

EOn

-3.25 -3.27 -3.25

0.5m 100kg

0.2kg/cm2 1-3kg/cm~

200kg400kg

WIOO8300
W 1008250
W 1008200
W 1008150
WlOO8100
W 100850
0.5

W-3

W-5

W-I

W-2

W-6

W-7

EUot}

-3.27 (3)

WL

050A TVPE

30cm

gagu UZoa

O
1
.O m
0.5m
100kg

200kg 400kg

30cm

W-3

W-5 W-I

W2

W6

-3.25 (1)

W-7

1
.5m
-
-122

d) (
W
e
s
t
e
r
g
a
a
r
d
)

3.2.3

(
3
1
0
)

2r
r
z{

z.

p:

(P)
p =r
.G

(a)

W: (
t
o
n
)

(
3
7
)

G: (G)

(b)

a) (
B
o
u
s
s
i
n
e
s
q
) (

3PZ3
5
2
r
/2

(c)
(d) . (a) (b)

z.

r=V
x

p:

3.30 4

. D50

AI00 0.4

p=a
J

3
2 3

13cm)

-3.28 (a)

-3.29 (b)

b) (
B
o
u
s
s
i
n
e
s
q
)

f~(1 +Zl(a)Jo(x)d
z:

~.
1

WESTERGAARD
//

D50Al00

a
p =d

i
c
h
)
c) (Fr l
z=

p
zp

(
3
9
)

}
2
(X2+Z
L_"

_"1 L L

z:

p:

c
Z
z2

0
.
5

x
:

=1+1
/

.
1
0 (m)

-3.30
-123

1
.
5

0.4

(
H
E
)

R
A
T
I
O

0.4

D50A50

0.5m 100kg200
kg400kg

Z4

2 7

100m
2
3

(m )

1
.
0

-3.31 (Fr l
i
c
h
)

1.5 m

1
.5m

-3.31
D50A50
0.25 0.49

0.25
0.491.3
-3.32

D50A50

RATIO

fH

=J

("E

3
.
1

(G) (ton)

0
.
5

(m )

.
1
0

3
.
3
2 (WESTERGAARD)

-124-

e
.

3
.
1

I~ J!iI;J> ~~IC~n~ r
r
l 1
'
7
;
r
.^
?
ll
;(

)
I
e

1
)

t
7
/
.
m
5
0
2)

0
t
5

1.

(
t
2
/
.
m
0
1

t
1
/
.
m
7
2

t
2
/
.
m
3
5

(
t
4
/
.
m
0
2
2
1

2
.
6
4
3
.
4
9
4
.
4
9
5.52
5
.
8
1
6
.
3
1

2.25
2.98
3.83
4
.
7
1
4.95
5.38

3.08
4.08
5.24
6
.
4
4
6.78
7.37

5
.
2
7
6
.
9
8

2.35
2
.
8
9
3
.
0
4
3
.
3
1

9
.
6
1
1
3
.
8
3
1
7
.
5
3
2
0
.1
7
2
2
.
3
8
2
7
.
5
6

050B50
D 50B1
0
0
050B1
5
0
050B200
050B250
D 50B3
0
0
050B350

2
.
9
6
4
.
3
9
6
.
6
2
7.96
9
.
3
2
9
.
5
5
1
0
.
8
9

2
9
.
5
6
3
4
.
6
3
3
9
.
2
1
4
3
.
3
3
3
9
.
0
2
3
8
.
5
1
4
3
.
0
8

5.66
8.38
1
2
.
6
4
1
5
.
2
0
1
7
.
7
9
1
8
.
2
3
2
0
.
8
1

4
.1
4
6
.1
2
9.24
11
.1
0
1
3
.
0
0
1
3
.
3
2
15.20

6.60
9
.78
1
4
.74
1
7
.
7
3
20.79
.27
21
24.27

050C50
050C1
0
0
050C1
5
0
050C2
0
0
D 50C250
050C300
D 50C350

4.34
7
.
9
1
9
.75
11
.9
6
1
3
.70
1
4
.
6
1
1
4
.7
9

3
6
.
4
9
3
7
.7
5
4
0
.
0
3
4
3
.
0
8

8
.
2
8
1
5
.
1
0
1
8
.
6
2
2
2
.
8
5
2
6
.1
9
27.90
2
8
.
2
5

6.03
1
0
.
9
9
1
3
.
5
5
1
6
.
6
3
1
9
.
0
4
2
0
.
3
1
20.56

1
6
.
5
6
30.20
37.24
45.70
53.23
55.80
56.50

050A50
050A 1
0
0
050A 1
5
0
050A200
050A250
050A300
050A350

1
.3
8
1
.83

8.98
11
.0
3
1
.6
1
1
1
2
.
6
3
1
1
.
3
2
1
5
.76
2
5
.
2
8
3
0
.
3
9
3
5
.
5
9
3
6
.
4
6
.6
1
41
1
6
.
5
6
3
0
.
2
0
3
7
.
2
4
4
5
.70
5
2
.
3
2
55.80
56.50

46.0
5
5
.
7
84.9
1
0
7
.
6
1
2
3
.
8
1
3
7
.
4
1
6
9
.
2
1
0
5
.
9
1
2
4
.
1
1
4
0
.
5
1
5
5
.
2
1
3
9
.
8
1
3
8
.
0
9
6
.7
8
9
.7
7
5
.
4
9
7
.7
1
0
3
.
0

1
7
0( 350cm)

1
.0 m

0.5m

1
.5m 1
0 70

3.36

3.37 0.5m
(
3
1
1
)

1m1.5 m
1m

O
.7
1
.5 m. 0.3

1G(980ga
3
.
3
3 3
.
3
5

0.5

3.3

m 40( 50cm)

-125-

I
Om
BURIAL DEPTH .

2
.
9
-

ANCHOR WEIGHT

100kg
~Q9kg

75cm 5 (515253()
5455)

:f=Jz)

I
(
3
1
2
)

:= (

E:

A
A

50

a=eaE

f=eJE
:

1LIJ

0
0

J:

ea :

150

040J udaE-LO Z
LLOU

"'400k
g

.
.

8URIAL DEPTH 0.5m

ANCHORWEIGHT

100kg
2
00kg
d
.4
00kg

DROP HEIGHT(m)

3
.
3
4 (2)
8URIAL DEPTH .
1
5m

150

ANCHORWEIGHT

x
J

100kg

400kg

x 200kg

e
.

100

t
f
:
.100

u
.
.

doJUaE-LO Z ULLou

150

50

&

E50
l
L
.

DROP HEIGHT(m)

DROP HEIGHT(m)

3
.
3
5 (3)

3
.
3
3 (1)

-126

150

ANCHOR WEIGHT 100k

g

BURIAL DEPTH

50cm
x
.100cm
d 1
50cm

3
.
3
.
1

d
O

a)

~ 100
E

l
L
.
.

z
w
u
l
L
.
.

l
J
.
.

3
.
3
8

50

0.5m 200kg 2.5m

275kg/
cm2 1
.0 m

180kg/cm 1
.5 m

1
1
5kg/cm2

m
)
DROP HEIGHT(
3
.
3
6 (4)

3
.
3
9

1
.
0

3
.
4
0
A

265kg/
cm
1
.0 m 1
8
0kg/cm2
1
.5 m 125kg/cm2

@xxx

aao

QUAoa

Rd

nu

Z
LLUQ O O {

~e

0.5m 200kg 2.5m

b)

3
.
4
1

.
15

B
U
R
J
A
L

2
D
E
P
T
H(m)

3
.
3
7

-127-

v
'
)
v
'
)

200
g

v
'
)

200

-J

>
<

.
.
J

< 100

/
l
.

&

d
.

v
'
)

v
'
)

100

nEnn
E

~ 400kg

lunlvn uR

100kg

nununu

x200kg

-xa

ANCHOR WEIGHT

nununu
''
d'u

WET SAND
BURIAL DEPTH 100cm
ANCHOR WEIGHT

DRY SAND
BURIAL DEPTH 100cm

..

DROP HEIGHT (m)

3
.
4
0

DROP HEIGHT (m)

3
.
3
8

3
.
4
2
-

/( )
2/(

)
2

3
.
3
.
2

DRY SAND
BURIAL DEPTH 100cm

200

I
I
I
I
I
I

MJ

Lklklk

XA

4
'E t

nununu
u
unu
n

ANCHORWEIGHT

3
.
4
3 3
.
4
5
(53

I
I
I
-J

>
<

5100

4
5

>
<

.
x

.
.

MAXIMUM EARTH PRESSURE (kg/cm

'
)

(53

3
.
3
9

-128

e~

ANCHORWEIGHT

100kg
x2 kg
A 400kg

A
A

AU

Jd
ZUZM
uz-U -H4

pE S} J4ZMEUE-u

nunu
nunu

OU4)

x
A

500

10

..
.
.
x

h:

3
.
4
2

3
.
4
63
.
4
7

J
h

'i

q
o

n
u

i14

I
O
r
Y
'
h
2
(
t
/m
p

DRY SAND
BURIAlDEPTH 50cm

(S3
. S3

S2 S4

O.5m

3
.
2

30cm

75cm S2S4

(S3S2S4S5

(S3) 1
/
2

1
/
3

0508200

S3

.
e

AXIAL STRESS(kg/cm)
X CIRCUMFERENT
l
AL STRESS(
k
g
/
c
l
T
{
)

3
.
4
3 (1)

-129

050C200
S3
AXIAL STRESS(
k
g
/
c
m
'
)
X CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS(kg/cni)

3
.
4
4 (2)

0150C200
S3
AXIAL STRESS(
k
g
/
c
m

X CIRCUMFERENT
lAL STRESS(kg/cni)

e
.
3
.
4
5 (3)

3
.
4
83
.
4
9

1.5 m 51 55

(53

52 54

-130

400

D50A200
o top
bottom
)
(side

3
0
0
(

04)

Zugu
J2

x
x

200

1
0
0

.51

53

52

54

55

1
0
0

2
0
0

3
0
0

4
0
0

3
.
4
6 (1)

750

0100C 200

o top
bottom
.
s
i
d
e

500

m zugu
z
u

.
e

250

-250

51

53

52

54

-500

-750~.

3
.
4
7 (2)

-131

55

400
050850
o top
bottom

300

)
(side
x
x

200

V
U
3
1

2
E
m 100

S1

100

S2

kS4

S3

S5

200
300
400
-3.48 (1)

400

200

1
00

1
0
0

5
1

52

x
x

53

54

2
0
0
3
00

-400
3
.
4
9 (2)
-132-

D100B200
ot
o
p
bottom
s
ide

55

e.

K:

52 54

y=ePZ(Acossx+Bs
i
nsx)

+r

9Z
(Cc
o
ssx+Ds
i
ns
x)+f(P)/K

.s=l
f
EI

3
.
3
.
3

A
.B
.C
. D

f(

2-3

f(

-3.50 3.52

a)

EI73+ky=f(P

(
3
1
4
)

(
3
.
2
.
3

EI:

f():

2. 3
.2.3

AXIALSTRESS
0508200

MEASUREO VALUE
o Al
X A2
A3
d
. A4

) O

'F

I
N PUT

MEASUREDEARTH
PRE55URE
-BOU55INE5Q

a
.

mmA

114-a

.
e

400

1
0
0

-50

S5

S4

S3

S2

S
1

3
.
5
0 (1)

-133

AXIAL STRESS
0100C200

MEASURED VALUE

o A1

400

X A2

U 1 J
142

A3
A4

m
z
'C

'
'
t

I
N PUT
MEASUREDEARTH
PRESSURE
-BOUSSINESQ

100

55

54

53

52

5
1

3
.
5
1

-50

A
X
I
A
L STRESS
0100B200

MEASUREO VALUE
o A1
X A2

A3

400

U h

q
d

L
Mn

A4

I
NP
U
T
MEASUREDEARTH
PRESSURE
-BOUSSINESQ

200

100

3
.
5
2

S5

-50

-134-

S4

53

S2

SI

e
9

. (

(
3
1
6
)

3
.
2. (

p
6
=HJ
M
zzt

. (

b)

3
(
3
.
5
3

(
. (

K' 3
.
3

.
e

3
.
2 F 60
9
0 1
2
0
-

1
0
0

3.3

100kg 0.5m

(M)

100kg

M=
_2R2K'D 4
= e

kgcm

1+

(
3
1
5
)

0.061kR

/cm2 350kg/cm2

EI

-3.2 K'

R: (cm)

K':

EI: (kg cm

k:
De:

(kg/cm3)

De1.0

-135-

IKb

K8

60
90

0
.
1
4
7
0.140

1
2
0

0.133

Kb :

K
:
K8:

3
.
3 (kg/cm

k
g
/
c

m2)

60

D 150A50
D1
5
0A 1
0
0
D1
5
0A 1
5
0
D1
5
0A 2
0
0
D 150A250

0
.
0
2
0
9
0.0540
0
.
0
5
2
3
0
.
0
6
6
0
0
.
0
9
0
7

I90 I

60

I90 I

I90 I

6
0

.4
51
1
6
.
2
31
6
.
6
81
5
.
0
9 21
7
.
8
11
5
.
5
41
4
.
8
61
5
.
8
91
5
.
6
6
.9
24
8
.
9
95
41
.0
43
5
.
4
14
6
.
0
34
0
.1
63
8
.
4
0 43.10 41
0
.
4
6
.7
43
7
.7
65
3
.
6
64
4
.
5
83
9
.7
53
40.60 38.90 3
7
.
2
0 41
9
.1
8
7
.
6
66
.2
44
2
.
6
75
0
.1
64
7
.72 5
6
.
2
64
51
9
.
0
94
6
.
9
45
9
.
4
5
7
0
.
4
16
5
.
4
99
7
.
4
66
2
.
3
86
8
.
9
46
3
.
0
77
7
.
3
16
4
.
5
17
7
.
9
5

- J'h

FFFF
oAX

A2

o A3
X A4
0150B TYPE

3
.
0

)
(

X 0

200

150

100

50

2
AXIAL STRESS ~ (kg/cm
)

50

100

150

CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS

200

0
i(kg/cm

2
)

3.54 (1)

0150A TYPE

50

40

'
E JFU
F
C
C
CE

-oax

A2
o A3
X A4

30

AXIAL STRESS

20

~ (kg/cm')

10

10

20

30

40

CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS

3
.
5
5 (2)

e~

50

o
i(kg/cm

2
)

F
o
q
o

F 5 kgfcm2 2
800kgf

.
1 . W S . H
-4

cm2

1m 100kg

-4.1

0
0kgfcm
. 20kgfcm --1

90kgfcm2--400kgfcm2

.5 m
.1

100kg

. 1
0kgfcm2 -- 50kgfcm2

5kgfcm2 -- 90kgfcm2
1
2
0
B90 1
L

200kg 400kg

(kglcm')

k=0.005

PDE3'

Za
a ozo-4
z
(}zq gozuZ4KOZ-

1.5 m

k=0.02

k
:
O
.
O
l

1
0
0kg

k
=
0
.
0
5

1
k=O.

k=0.5

4
.1

3
.
3
.
2

.
e

25

10
1
5
20
ANCHORWEIGHT W (t)

-4
.
2
)

Wn=
-

WD

(L+2htanOD(B+2htan02) -.

(
4
2
)

4
.

(kgfcm)

W: (kg)

D: (cm)

. 3.1~.

L: (cm)
B: (cm)

I
1H=2.5J

Wa :

h: (cm)

(
41
)

0
02:

W : (kg)
H::
(cm)

k : (kgfcm3)

S: (cm

-137

SeaBoltom

5
.

x-

4
.
2

(strohschneider) 40 -45

0
7

(
K
o
g
l
e
r
)( (
4
2
)

3
0 4
5

2.0m-4.0m

1.5m

2
.Om--4.Om

2
0 -30

(
19
7
6 6 3
0

1.0m1.0
2.0m 0
.
3 3m
0
.
1
5 4m O
.1

0.5m1.0m 1
7
0 1
.5m 5
0

3m
2
0
2
5 4m 15-20

1
) : No.
5
3(
19
7
1
)p
p
.25-33
2
) :
2
3 8(19
7
0
)p
p
.
8
1
-

e
.

9
3
3
) :
( 1
3 4
3) p
p
.

173-189
4):
( 2)(
7( 4
7) p
p
.1
4
9
1
6
3
1
5
) :
7
3 8 p
p
.6
9
7
8
6
) :
1
5(
1
9
7
5
)p
p
.1
8
No. 2

7
) :
Vo
.
l6
N
o.1(
19
7
4
)p
p
.78-89

8
)

-138-

f
'


19
7
0
) pp.33
No. 9
7(
9
) ():
48 4 p.9
1
0
): 1
9
7
2 1 p
p
.
61--69
1
1
) :
p
.59--65

1
9
7
1 7 p
1
2
): p
p
.221--327623--741
1
3
):
50 1
0
1
4
):
46 3
1
5
):
42 1

P
e
k
e
r
i
s

(S (P

P
e
k
e
r
i
s

3.2

P
e
k
e
r
i
s
Duhamel

P
e
k
e
r
i
s

1904 Lamb

P
e
k
e
r
i
s

P
e
k
e
r
i
sl)3
>Lif
s
o
n

P
e
k
e
r
i
s 5
>

4
>

P
e
k
e
r
i
s

2
8 TZ
d
zn
p
=
++-
2
t
r
r z

P
e
k
e
r
i
s

fk

.BJ

d2u d...
8
p
=
r
+
+

2
t
z
r

Italtri--IJ

H(t)

+2-o

=~+2 )
r
o
z

__

8 =.
1
.
"
L
.

.
-
.

10

ou I
T Z =l

JI
'
d
r
.

zJ
J

(2)

-qL

-139

aH-

r
'
k
-

e
'k
e

p
-

2HP

qd

JJl

dv

u7

dv

u-f

f~~ r

A=A+2
.
p G=A+ (-1)
o2
u
.Io2
u
1 ou
p
;
.

~
o
t2 or2 r or
z

r
=
7
5

q
o

pf~

C;C{P(r
t
)
}
rJ
o

fs+t

opt

z
(
r
z
t
)= l
z
(
r
z
)d
tJs
-i
p

)= rooJo [P~2

BJ

fk

1
1
l
i
f
J

rtkf

J1j

r
r

RQ

AUAU

pp

puphw

pp

1
p 1

JO

-0+2 22}x(2~2+

)e- k z

d~

+4
c2
k

k
s
e
k
f
J
Z
]

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
f
(
C
)

(4
) 3
)
4 4 kks
z

k=

=
.
.
.
.
/ - 1A+2
- = I
-m

1
'
:2

V8 -

fS+' pt f i I

z
(
r
z

t)=I
II
R~~
Js
-i
P J0 L L
2

(
1
1
)

~=kx V8

f(
)=(
2~2+k2)2_4 k2
2
sC

u u (-2)

(
1
0
)

RR'

/ 1o
A o2L
+ ++
l
or2 ' r or ' oz2J

tat--'EEEEEEEEE

Io2
u
1 ou
+ l
oroz ' r ozJ

(9)

T(t
)R(r) W
rsk

=Gr-::
~

P(r
t
)=R(r)
T(
t
)

o2u
r 'A oz I'
~ o
roz

2I+G
2

o2

2
t

P(rt
) T(
t
) R
(

tlEE' 111E11111t

(8)

s=

(-11) r O

k
a
z

r=O

2~R' Jo(~r)d

(5)

z
(
o
z

p
o

( 12)

z=O

O ~~-1

z
(
o
zt)= ~-1 {
Il+1
2}
2nY
s oz

'

ft

Ea--EEEEJ

T
Z
=
O

11 x

h x

RR'

z=P(rt
)

hrfk

2
Wk2 (
O
O
X
{ (
2x
-kaz+4x2
'
+1
)
2e
se-ksZ}.

2J0
(2x2+1)2-4x2
F
(
1
2
)

fk

a
BJ

r
pp

r
J

.
E1BEEt

u
v

aur

4-

LM-

p
h
pn

=-j::: f~[2kR

(
1
3
)

11= (22 2m+1

)
2
e
-ka
Z
1= r
m{
(
22 2m+1)2
a
4
(
2_m) /
2-m+1}

nu

=
f
d

Lk

QMa

ne-an

'R
wv
+p

p
+

-rfk

qL

R'
2k
ks

2c2+k2

-140

e~

1
.4
1
.2
5

1
.2

)Hb

1
b

1
.0

0.8
0
.
6

0
.
4

0
.
4
9

0
.
2
~
0
.
0
0
5

0
.
0
1

0
.
0
1
5

TJME(SEC)

2
JU

hy

r
z

m
d

r
E
M

(
14
)

(v.)
(v.)

t
>

0.015

~1{ ()

(
1
5
)

z=3W/2Z2

(
18)

t
>
?

2
.
6 3

~1{

(
16
)

0.25

V
.
t

T=

2
.7 0.49

T<.;

2.2
4

z=O

0.4

J <T<l

(T)+T (T)]

z=-

(
17
)

1
.4

1
1

1
.2

a''EEE

VT

TI}j

rsk
J

HK

rE

Ta+
gk
J
T

EEEBEE

=+

T>l

7
J
!

w
M Nm

.
e

0.25 0.49

1
.0

/sec (z) 1m
(V
B) 1 m

()

17)

(s
1 (
0.3
) (t)

1
=
0
. 53 (v
t
p)
(z) 1 m t
2
=
0
.
0
1
-141

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

0.2

0.3

POISSO

0.4

0.5

RATIO

f
(J

1
.4
1
.2

r---

1
.0

0.8

0.6
.
.
.
.
.
J

0
.
4

0
.
2

5
0

1
0
0

1
5
0

2
0
0

2
5
0

SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY (M/SEC)

I
3

5
(
-17)

f
(

Duha-

mel

Duhamel

H(t
) A(t
)
f
(
t
)

y(t
)

:
A(
t
d+A(O)f(t)
d
t

y(
t)=1 f

JO~

1
2(1
7
) V
s
t
/
z
=1
.0
V
s
t
/
z
=.
1
f(
J
.
)

(19)

A(
t
)-17)

A
(
t
)t
1
=
Z
'
;
/V
2
=
Z
/
V
S
s t

f(
y(t)=1f

(
t

Jo
'
d
t

1
9
) a

0(
+1 1
t
)
.
t
1
)
f
()d)'

jaL(

JO

0(
+12
t)
.
t
2
)
f
()d
JO

(
2
0
)

o dt

d).=

3
)

(V
)
s

y(t
)=O
t
1
<
t
<
t
2

150m/sec 0.4
7 0.5m

t
)=
J

;
f

A(
d
(
2
1
)

tt

+
d(

1
)

t
>
t
2

13G

J
:
f

y(t)=

100kg

A(
t M

tt

+ d(1
)
+
d(t
2
)

1.9
3
.
2

-142-

e
.


8 9 1
0

2 3

CASE NUMBER 050Al00

SHEARWAVE VELOCITY 150m/sec
POSSION'S RAT
10
0.4
20

1
0
aCCELERATIO

(O)ZOU U

( F )

VALUE

CALCULATEO VALUE

0
.
0
1

0
.
0
2

0
.
0
3

0
.
0
4

0
.
0
5

0.06

0.07

TIME(SEC)

7 (1)

CASE NUMBER

60

150 m/sec
0.4

MEASURE0 VALUE

nuvnununU
J
FD'

(O)ZOZUU U

()

.
e

0508200

SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY

10
POSSION'S RAT

10

0
.
0
1

0
.
0
2

0.03

0
.
0
4

0
.
0
5

0.06

0
.
0
7

T
IME(SEC)

8 (2)

-143

CASE NUMBER

050C100

SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY

150m/sec

POSSION
'
S RATIO

0.4

60
(

50

(O)ZOU U

) U Z

40

ACCELERATION
30

20

10

0
.
0
1

0.02

0
.
0
3

0.04

0.05

0.06

0
.
0
7

TIME(SEC)

9 (3)

CASE NUMBER
050C200
SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY
POSSIONS RATIO

150m/sec
0.4

60

e
.

CALCULATEO VALUE

40

ACCELERAT
lON

30

g
nL

(O)Zo- UJUUU

()

50

20

10

0
.
0
1

0.02

0.03

0
.
0
4

0
.
0
5

0.06

0.07

TIME(SEC)

1
0 (4)

-144

1
)P
e
k
e
r
i
s
:TheS
e
i
s
m
i
cS
u
r
f
a
c
eP
u
l
s
eP
r
o
c
.N.A.S
.
Vo.
l4
11
9
5
5
p
p
.4
6
9
4
8
0
.
2
)P
e
k
e
r
i
s
: S
o
l
u
t
i
o
no
f an I
n
t
e
g
r
a
l Equation Oc.

c
u
r
r
i
n
gi
nImpulsiveWavePropagationProblems
P
r
o
c
. N.A.S
.Vo.
l421956
p
p
.4
3
9
4
4
3
.
3
) Y.C. :) p
p
.
2
2
8
2
3
2
.
4
) :
5):(

.
e

-145-