1

1. Introduction:

Modulus of Rigidity or (Shear Modulus) which relates the components of the shearing
Stress and shearing strain, is the coefficient of elasticity for a shearing force. It is
defined as "the ratio of shear stress to the displacement per unit sample length (shear
strain)".















Rubber, there is two type of it. The nature rubber which formed naturally as a bark of
a tree , and industrial rubber _which will be used in this report_ which used in wide
range as a vibrations resistant in cars, engines ,and other machines and it do this by
absorbing shock energy by deforming , This deformation leads to a decrease in cross-
section as the block lengthens. An effect described by Poisson's Ratio.
Poissons ratio mean that when a material is stretched in one direction it tends to
become thinner in other two directions.




2. Objective:
Measure the shear deformation of the block.
To determine the variations of deflection with applied load.
To investigate the relationship between shear stress and shear strain.
Determination of Modulus of Rigidity and Poisson Ratio.
FIG (1): Shear stress and Shear strain

2

Become familiar with Modulus of Rigidity, and its experiment.

3. Equipment:
A rubber block 150 x 75 x 25 mm is bonded to two aluminum alloy plates. One of the
plates is pined to wall. And there is a weight hanger (which have the load). And a dial
gauge to indicate the deformations in rubber block. See Fig (2) and there is some
blocks used to apply forces. See Fig (3)

















4. Procedure:

1. At first, adjust the dial gauge to zero reading. To avoid Zero error.
2. Put a weights, start from 10 N to 120 N, in 10 N increments.
3. After each 10 N write down the reading of the dial gauge (which represent the
deformation of the rubber block), until the travel of the gauge is exceeded.
4. Record the reading in table (1).
5. Plot the results, and calculate the Modulus of Rigidity G.



FIG (3): Loads
FIG (2): The Rubber Block

3

5. Results:











At first place draw the relationship between load and deformation, and then draw
good and suit straight line through the points.
These are the mathematical equations,

6 =
Scor Strcss
Scor Stroin
=

(HoJulus o RigiJity)

z =
IooJ
Arco
=
w
A
=
w
S7Su
(sheai stiess)

(RcoJion) =
75


b
(Strain angle)

And the practical method equation,

) / (
1
3750
75
8
75
3750
2
mm N
gradient graph
W
G
Load
(N)
Dial Gauge Reading
(mm)
Deflection
(mm)
0
0 0
10
0.32 0.38
20
0.74 0.81
30
1.16 1.16
40
1.60 1.60
50
2.01 2.01
60
2.38 2.45
70
2.82 2.86
80
3.22 3.26
90
3.62 3.63
100
3.91 4.06
110
4.36 4.42
120
4.78 4.85
Table (1): Recorded Readings

4



W =75 mm, A = 150 mm * 25 mm = 3750 mm
2

Slope = Graph Gradient = 24.44, W

True Value = 0.46 MPA

G =
SIopcw
A

G =24.44*77/3750= 0.48 MPA
Error =
0.46-0.48
0.46
1uu% = 4.S48 %

6. Comments and Recommendations:

Errors founded and may be affected on a results in the experiment due to many
reasons listed below:
1. Zero error: If the dial gauges reading isnt zero at zero load.
2. Human error: if the experimenter red the dial gauge and calculate incorrectly.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
L
o
a
d
s

(

N

)
Deflection (mm)
Load & Deflection
Series1
Y = 24.44x + 0.3403
Table (2): Load & Deflection Chart

5

3. Environmental error: environment affects in rubber block properties, which
mean that the reading of dial gauge which represent the deflection in rubber
block depends on the temperature of the lab.
It is recommended to make sure that there is no zero error, and do this experiment on
other materials, and take in your account the environmental conditions

7. References:

1. Books:

Beer, Ferdinand and other, Mechanics of Materials, 6
th
edition, Mc Graw Hill,
2012.

2. Websites:

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/modulus-rigidity-d_946.html
http://eng.najah.edu/apparatus/2265
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/poissons-ratio-d_1224.html