Haemopoietic Effects of Work Place Exposure

Meth Haemoglobinemia Meth Haemoglobin producing agents are treated as Chemical Asphyxiants. E.g. Amile Nitrate Meth = After e.g. Ferrous Fe is converted into Ferric Fe Substances with the ability to induce the oxidation of Haem Group leading to formation of Meth Haemoglobinemia. e.g 1) Aniline Dyes 2) Aromatic Amines 3) Nitro Substituted Benzene Compounds 4) Organic & Inorganic Nitrites & Nitrates 5) Paraquet (Pesticide)

Aplastic Anaemia (Hyproliferative Anaemia)

It is defined by the presence of Peripheral Blood Pancytopenia, Hyper (?HYPO) Celular Bone Marrow & Absence of Abnormal Cells in Either. The cause of bone marrow failure lies in the Pleuripotent Stem Cells. But in some cases & at certain stages of the disease, one of the cell lines may be more severely affected than the others. Casuative Agents:- 1) Benzene 2) Ionozing Radiation 3) Arsenicals 4) Gamma Benaene Hexa Chloride 5) Para Toluene Di Amine (Present in some Hair Dyes) 6) Linden (Pesticide) 7) Ethylene Glycol Mono Ethyl Ether

Leukemias & Myelodysplasia

Causes:- 1) Benzene 2) Ionizing Radiation 3) Electro Magnetic Field 4) Ethylene Oxide

Effects of Ionizing Radiation depends Upon:1) Type of Ionizing Radiation 2) Quality of IR 3) Dose of IR 4) Dose Rate of IR 5) Tissue Distribution of IR Dose related Effects:- A uniform Whole Body Irrediation with 1 to 10 Gy. It is also known as Low Linear Energy causes:- 1) Pancytopenia leading to Infections & Bleeding usually 2-4 weeks after Exposure 2) In Human Bone Marrow the total no of Nucleated Cells are reduced at Day 1 of exposure by a) 10-20% Reduction after 1-2Gy Exposure b) 25-30% Reduction after 3-4Gy Exposure c) 50-60% Reduction after 5-7Gy Exposure d) 80-85% Reduction after 8-10Gy Exposure Types of Leukemias found :- 1) Acute Myloid Leukemia 2) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Hodgekin & Non Hodgekin Lymphomas due to Occupation

Hodgkins Lymphomas
Wood workers suffer most with Hodgekins Lymphomas. Cause is unknown Non Hodgkins Lymphomas Causes:1) Phenoxy Acetic Acid:- Herbicide or insecticide. It causes thymus atrophy & suppression of T cells activity 2) Organo Phosphorus Pesticides:- mechanism:- Inhibits Serine Esterases which are important in T cell & Natural Killer Cells Cytotoxic Activity, & May play important role in Lymphoma Genesis through an Immune Suppressive Mechanism. 3) Fungicides & Fumigants 4) Carbamates 5) chlorinated Hydrocarbons & DDT