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Uranium

Uses:- 1) Production of Atomic Weapons & 2) As a fuel in Atomic Nuclear Reactor. This is the only metal that has Physical (Ionizing) Hazards & Chemical Hazards. I) Physical Hazards:-1) Uranium ore contain in addition to metal itself, all its decay products, which include Radium & its immediate daughter product Radon. This Gas (Radon) diffuses out of rock into atmosphere of the mines, where it further decays to give isotopes of Polonium, Bismuth & Lead. 2)Radon & Polonium emits alpha particles & produce harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It has synergistic effect with smoking to develop Lung Cancer. All types of Lung Cancers have been found in Uranium Miners, but predominant is Undiffentiated Type. II) Chemical Hazards:- 1) Effect on Kidneys:- When absorbed as soluble salt, it is toxic to proximal tubules, leading to a) Albuminurea b) Amino Acidurea c) Release of Catalase & Phosphatase (Thus Urine Catalase level is measured as a index of renal damage. Post shift Urinary Conc. Should not exceed 250 MicroGm/ Lit. d) Renal Failure 2) Respiratory System:-Acute:- 1) Acute Respiratory Damage 2) Pulmonary Oedema 3) Pulmonary Fibrosis 4) lung Cancer 3) Blood:- 1) Anaemia (Due to damage of Haemopoietic Stem Cells) 2) Suppression of WBCs.(within 24-48 Hrs of exposure first Lymphocytic count goes down) 3) ? Leukemias

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