Career Research

By: Tyler Capehart

Anesthesiology

Salary and Benefits

Starting Salary: $116,653 to $272,687 On an annual basis the median Anesthesiologists salary is $190,000. The lowest 10% earn $143,000 per year while the upper 10% earn more than $380,000 per year. These salaries are calculated as a mean or average. An anesthesiologist median salary is over $91.00 per hour. The lowest 10% earn approximately $68.75 per hour and those in the upper 10% earn more than $100 per hour. The top earnings for anesthesiology is around $400,000

Education and Training

Education: All future anesthesiologists need to attend a four-year undergraduate program and most will enroll in a pre-medicine or another science-concentrated program, though it is not required Following graduation, prospective anesthesiologists are required to attend four years of medical school where they generally spend the first two years building on basic sciences and the second two in clinical training. Must spend one year in an internship and three more years in a residency program. Some anesthesiologists may participate in an additional one-year fellowship if there is an interest in practicing in a specific area of anesthesiology, such as critical care medicine, pain medicine, research or education

Education and Training

Any special license or certificate? After Med school you need to take a licensing exam and finish the residency program.

For anyone going into this career, you should focus on Math and Science courses

Demand/Outlook
Are Workers in Demand? Yes! By 2020 researchers say that there will a dramatic shortage of them.

What is the number of job openings expected for this career? 22% through 2018

What is the size of this occupation? In 2010, there was 33,310 anesthesiologists

Advancement Opportunities
Different Positions: Anesthesiologist Anesthesiologist Assistant Anesthesia Technician Certified Anesthesia Technician Certified Anesthesia Technologist

If you want to get further in this career you have to have experience under your belt.

Working Conditions and Hours

May work any shift, weekends, and holidays. May be on-call any hour of the day or night. May travel around town to work at surgical centers and hospitals. Anesthesiologists also travel out of town to attend conferences, workshops, and meetings. Typically work 40 or more hours per week. Usually work an established schedule.

Always work indoors in hospitals, surgical clinics, and other medical settings. Often wear hospital uniforms. Always wear protective or safety gear, such as latex gloves and protective glasses. Are regularly exposed to diseases, infections, and contaminants in the hospital. Are often exposed to radiation. They usually wear special protective gear, such as a lead apron, to protect themselves. Are sometimes exposed to sounds and noises that are loud or distracting. Are sometimes exposed to hazardous conditions. Work very close to patients, often within inches.

Job Duties and Responsibilities

Read medical charts. Review comments of other physicians. Meet with, examine, and interview patients. Order tests or procedures if necessary. Discuss and plan sedation with other doctors, nurses, and patients. Tell patients and family members what to expect. Position patients appropriately on the operating table for the type of procedure. Give anesthesia or sedating medicine during medical procedures. Monitor equipment during and after the procedure. Keep track of the flow of anesthesia and patients' vital signs. Record all activities.

Speak with patients who are awake. Respond to any reactions or complications from anesthesia. Take classes to update skills. After the procedure, decide when patients are stable enough to be sent home or to another ward of the hospital. Schedule use of medical rooms and equipment. May teach medical students and other staff members. May help with emergencies in the hospital. May write and publish articles.

Lawyer

Salary and Benefits

Starting pay: Around $54,000 Annual Earnings: $112,760 Hourly: Top Salary: $166,000

Education and Training

Becoming a lawyer usually takes 7 years of full-time study after high school4 years of undergraduate study followed by 3 years of law school. Most states and jurisdictions require future lawyers to complete a juris doctor (J.D.) degree from a law school accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA).

After graduation, lawyers must keep informed about legal developments that affect their practices. In 2011, 45 states required lawyers to participate in continuing legal education either every year or every 3 years.

Education and Training

Special Licence? You have to pass the Bar Exam

Demand/Outlook
Are Workers in Demand? Not really

What is the number of job openings expected for this career? Now through 2020 researchers say that only 100,000 jobs will be open.

Advancement Opportunities

There are several hundred different kinds of Lawyers so advancing to a specific one will take some schooling.

Working Conditions
Lawyers held about 728,200 jobs in 2010. A majority of lawyers work in private or corporate legal offices. Some are employed in local, state and federal governments. About 22 percent of lawyers were self-employed in 2010. The following industries employed the most lawyers in 2010: Legal services 51% Government 18% Finance and insurance 3% Management of companies and enterprises 2%

Job Duties and Responsibilities

Research Writing court documents Writing letters Keeping up to date with current case law Meeting with or contacting clients/other attorneys Negotiation

Physical Requirements: There are going to have long nights! Also is going to be able to deal with ignorant people.

Pharmacists

Salary and Benefits

Starting Salary: $82,000 Average Annual Earnings: $111,000 Top Salaries: $140,000

Education and Training

All Doctor of Pharmacy programs require applicants to have taken postsecondary courses such as chemistry, biology, and anatomy. Applicants need at least 2 to 3 years of undergraduate study; for some programs, applicants must have a bachelors degree. For most programs, applicants also must take the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT). Pharm.D. programs usually take 4 years to finish, although some programs offer a 3-year option. A Pharm.D. program includes courses in pharmacology and medical ethics, as well as supervised work experiences in different settings, such as hospitals and retail pharmacies.

Pharmacists seeking an advanced pharmacy position, such as a clinical pharmacy or research job, complete a 1- to 2-year residency following their Pharm. D. Some pharmacists who own their own store may choose to get a masters degree in business administration (MBA). Others may get a degree in public health.

Education and Training

Special License: All states license pharmacists. After they finish the Pharm. D., prospective pharmacists must pass two exams to get a license. One of the exams is in pharmacy skills and knowledge. The other is in pharmacy law in the state giving the pharmacy license. Skills: Analytical skills. Pharmacists must provide safe medications efficiently. To do this, they must be able to evaluate a customers needs, evaluate the prescribers orders, and have extensive knowledge about the effects and appropriate circumstances for giving out a specific medication. Communication skills. Pharmacists frequently offer advice to customers. They might need to explain how to take a medicine, for example, and what its side effects are. They also need to offer clear direction to pharmacy technicians and interns. Detail oriented. Pharmacists are responsible for ensuring the accuracy of the prescriptions they fill, because improper use of medication can pose serious health risks.
Managerial skills. Pharmacistsparticularly those who run a retail pharmacy must have good managerial skills, including managing inventory and overseeing a staff.

Demand/Outlook
Is there a Demand? That severe shortage has ended as pharmacy degree programs have grown over the past decade. There are now about 112 of them, Researchers say. Still, the demand for pharmacists remains strong. Projected Employment in 2020: 400,000 Employment Now: around 200,000 Employment of pharmacists is expected to increase by 25 percent from 2010 to 2020, faster than the average for all occupations. Several factors are likely to contribute to this increase. Scientific advances will lead to new drug products. More people may get insurance coverage for medications. The number of older people is growing, and older people use more prescription medicines than younger people.

Advancement Opportunities
Different Jobs: Pharmacy Techs Registered Nurses Physicians and Surgeons Biochemists Any Additional Schooling? When you change positions in the medical field, you will always need extra schooling.

Working Conditions and Hours

Pharmacists held about 274,900 jobs in 2010. They have to know how to deal with people and they need to know how to deal out medications.

40 hours / week is normal for most of the professions.

Job Duties
Pharmacists serve patients and the community by providing information and advice on health, providing medications and associated services, and by referring patients to other sources of help and care, such as physicians, when necessary. The principal goal of pharmaceutical care is to achieve positive outcomes from the use of medication which improves patients' quality of life. These outcomes include: cure of a disease; elimination or reduction of symptoms; arresting or slowing a disease process; prevention of disease; diagnosis of disease; and desired alterations in physiological processes, all with minimum risk to patients.