A

,
zbanjac@vets.edu.yu

CPU

(IO)

2/26/2009

() - CPU

70-
0.4MHz.

3GHz.
30-


.

2/26/2009

 Intel

PC, IBM

(Intel, Motorol).
Intel-
Intel
,

IBM Intel-

a Intel-
CP/M, Digital Research .

.

2/26/2009


:
Hz (MHz
GHz),

,



()
(cash)
2/26/2009

Intel 4004

Intel-
1971. .
,
:

0.4 0.8MHz
1KB (4KB data)
4 .

10m

2/26/2009

2300
6

Intel 8008

A 1972.
:

Intel 8008

8 a a
16KB .

0.5MHz o 0.8MHz.
( ALU)
3500
.

2/26/2009

Intel 8080

1974/6.
8080
Altair
(
).


.
2MHz
64KB (16- ).
8
4.500
2/26/2009

 Intel 8080

2/26/2009

Intel 8086

a 1978.
Intel-16 (data), IBM
(PC/XT).
29.000
20
RAM 1MB.
T
1MB RAM-a.
2, 5,
8 10 MHz.
10
.
3m-
.

2/26/2009

10

 Intel 8086

2/26/2009

11

Intel 80286

1982.
16 134.000 ,
16MB RAM-a (24
).
(protected mode)
(multitasking).
Windows.
IBM- Advanced Tehnology
(PC-AT).
6, 10 12 MHz, 20MHz.
6 15
!

2/26/2009

12

 Intel 80286

2/26/2009

13

Intel 80386

: 1985. 1989. .
32 (data),
286.
275.000
: 16, 20, 25, 33 MHz.
4GB RAM-a
.
pipeline,

.
pin-to-pin
286.

2/26/2009

14


Intel 80386

2/26/2009

15

Intel 80486

1989, 1994. .
32 1.2
.
: 25 MHz 100MHz.
: ,
8KB,

.
,
. ,
.
,
486-

.

2/26/2009

16


Intel 486

2/26/2009

17

Intel Pentium I

: 1993. .
Pentium 60MHz. 3.21
32-
. ,
64- ,
486 .
Pentium I 60, 66, 75, 90,
100, 120, 133, 150, 166, 200 233 MHz.

clock-.
8KB (code data ) pipeline floating
point unit x86
.

2/26/2009

18

Pentium 5V.
100MHz,
3.3V.
75MHz, Pentium je
Symemtric Dual Processing
2 Pentium
.
,
Pentium Pro (1995 1999) Pentium
MMX (Multi Media eXtension) (1997).
0.8m 0.35m- .

2/26/2009

19

Pentium II

: 1998.

: Intel Pentium MMX Pentium Pro,
Pentium II je 32- .
MMX- ,
(
Pentiuma Pro), .
233 o 450MHz.
32KB L1 ( 16KB
), 512KB L2 .
L2 L1 ,
.

2/26/2009

20

Pentium III

: 1999. , 450MHz.
Pentium III
(SSE).

(processor serial number PSN). PSN
,
! Intela
online .
,
PSN
BIOS-u.
Pentium III
450 MHz o 1GHz.
0.18m- .

2/26/2009

21

Pentium IV

: 2002. .
CPU

.
,
.


1GHz, ,
, 3GHz.
0.09m- .

2/26/2009

22

CPU speed: 3GHz

BUS speed: 1333MHz
L2 cashe: 6MB
L1 cashe: 32KB data + 32KB instruction
Technology: 45nm
Voltage Range: 0.85-1.3625V
Package Type: LGA775

2/26/2009

23

80x86



Intel- Intel .
AMD, Cyrix, Siemens Texas
Instruments.
Intel-


2/26/2009
24
.

CPU







CPU ,

2/26/2009

25

 CPU

CPU
(, , ...)
CPU
CPU

aa (bus).

(data bus)
(ddress bus)
(control bus)

2/26/2009

26

( )
( . )

(bandwidth): ()

(MB/s)

. ( )
(MHz)

.
64 .

2/26/2009

27

.

.
( ):

:
CPU .

, .

2/26/2009

28

(R/W)

2/26/2009

29

 Intel

Intel-o
8086.
Intel-
entium IV,

Intel 8086.

2/26/2009

30


Intel 8086

: 16 .
: 20 (
220B=1MB).

,
.
.
I/O (/)
64K .
DMA .
,
, 10MHz.

2/26/2009

31

 8086
GND
AD14
AD13
AD12
AD11
AD10
AD9
AD8
AD7
AD6
AD5
AD4
AD3
AD2
AD1
AD0
NMI
INTR
CLK
GND

2/26/2009

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

CPU
8086

40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21

VCC
AD15
A16
A17
A18
A19
BHE
MN/MX
RD
HOLD
HLDA
WR
M/IO
DT/R
DEN
ALE
INTA
TEST
READY
RESET

32

VCC - (+5V)
GND - ()
AD0AD15 -
A16A19 - e 4
NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt) -
( )
INTR (Interrupt Request) -


INTA (Interrupt Acknowledge) -


CLK (Clock) - (2-10MHz)

2/26/2009

33

BHE (Bus High Enable) -

MN/MX ( MiNimal/MaXimal) -
,

RD (Read) -

WR (Write) -

HOLD - DMA

HLDA (Hold Acknowledge) -
DMA

2/26/2009

34

M/IO -
, ,

ALE (Address Latch Enable) -

DEN (Data Enable) -

READY -
( )
RESET -
TEST -
(step
mod)

2/26/2009

35

 8086

4 :

*,
,
,
.

*(


)
2/26/2009

36


(). :
1. EU (Execution Unit )
2. BIU (Bus Interface Unit
).

,

,
.

.
2/26/2009

37

BIU

Instruction Pointer

Instruction Queue

ALU
PSW
2/26/2009

38

Execution Unit

.
Instruction Queue BIU.

,
BIU,
.
ALU ,

Instruction Queue,
.

2/26/2009

39

( 16-
) ALU.
,
,
ALU.
ALU
,

.
,
PSW .

2/26/2009

40

Bus Interface Unit

EU. , EU,

.
, EU
, BIU '' ''
.
Instruction
Queue. Instuction Queue 6
.
EU
.

2/26/2009

41

EU

( . GOTO,
CALL, JUMP, ...),
Instruction Queue,
,
EU
Instruction Queue
.

2/26/2009

42

16- .
4 .
,
.


.
,
.

8 .

16- 8- .

2/26/2009

43

Instruction Pointer

Instruction Pointer (IP)

BIU
. , ,


.

IP-a.
,
IP
(.
IP).

2/26/2009

44

PSW

PSW (Processor Status Word)

ALU
.
(flag - zastavica).
8086 6 3
.


ALU.
EU,
.

.
.

2/26/2009

45

 Intel 8086

Intel 8086
AD0AD15,
A16A19

20

Latch

20

Memorija

A
D

ALE

RD
WR
CS

RD
WR
M/IO

Periferija
16

A
D

RD
WR
CS

2/26/2009

46

.
, ,
,
.

( -
).
,

.

2/26/2009

47

:

,
, , data
WR (write- 29)
.
,
, ,
,
.
RD (read-32)
data
. ,
.

2/26/2009

48

:
.


: Latch -
.

, , ALE ,
latch- .




.

2/26/2009

49

 : :

e ( )
,
.

, ,

.
, , , , ,
. . .

.
.

2/26/2009

50

,
,

.
,
,

.

2/26/2009

51

.
,
.

,
,
.

/IO 1
, 0
.
, CS (Chip select)

2/26/2009

52


(DMA-Direct Memory Access)

.
, DMA ,

.



,
.
.

2/26/2009

53

 Intel 8086
DMA

Address

Address

Data

Data

Intel 8086

Address

HOLD
HLDA

Data
A

DMA
* latch (
)
2/26/2009

54

DMA

DMA
HOLD ( 31).
,
HLDA (
30) (HLDA - Hold Acknowledge),
DMA .
DMA
(

),
.
DMA , DMA
HOLD .

2/26/2009

55