1006695835
Pengumuman : -
Asymetric Information between doctor, pasien dan asuransi (kompleks) dan mengandung market failure Ada beberapa kerjaan seperti dokter, lawyer, itu high regulated karena D dan Snya dijaga oleh pemerintah Pelayanan kesehatan Upah Minimum buruh kenaikian upah minimum buruh pasti ada dampak, apalagi kalo produktivitasnya tidak naik Permasalahan infrastruktur menghambat pihak luar untuk berinteraksi di Indonesia Ligibitas Labor Market membuat orang susah sekali dapat kerja (pengangguran) Cost of hiring employee di Indonesia mahal banget, jadi tidak mudah bagi pengusaha untuk menambah labor atau memecat labor makanya produktivitas Indonesia rendah. Harus lihat kualifikasi atau output labour untuk melihat gajinya pantas atau tidak Angka apbn pasti tidak bisa memuaskan segala pihak (one policy cant satisfy all party). Niat baik saja tidak cukup bisa jadi pemborosan dan salah sasaran
hutang luar negeri Jembatan selat sunda Pembayaran melalui hutang untuk pembiayaan proyek dan prosesnya tanpa agenda politik dan dengan persyaratan yang dapat diterima Rasio hutang 98 = 100% GDP Upaya mtigasi krisis
Desentralisasi Fiskal Function Macroeconomic-stabilization Income Redistribution Provision National Public of Public Goods Goods Local Public Goods Level of Government Central Intro
Local
Sebenarnya sejak reformasi, udah lebih tersentralisasi, tapi tidak efektif, jadi ada turbulensi. Desentralisasi sebenernya masih banyak bagusnya
Tradeoff dalam fiscal decentralization: Assigning to which level of government in the provision of a public goods that best internalized benefits and costs (expenditure assignment) and on the assigning revenue source that mostly efficient amomng lvl of governments Commong revenue sources Local taxes (pajak daerah yang paling bagus karena tidak mendistorsi consumption behavior seseorang) Intergovernmental transfer
Borrowing Selalu ada trade off antara local taxes dan intergovernmental transfer. Kalo mau local taxesnya tinggi maka turunkan/kurangin intergovernmental transfernya Notes Fiscal decentralization doesnt mran (on revenue assignments) higher intergovernmental transfer as it creates trade off for limited tax autonomy transfer only to mean that there is funded mandates for local governments
Fiscal decentralization benefits To enchance a nation economic efficiency due to lower transaction cost as the local level The mic of public goods provided matches the demands of the local residents Local government will became more accountable to citizen for the quality of the public goods provided The citizens consumer will be more illing to pay for public services, since their preference will be honoured
Necessary condition for fiscal decentralization Elected local council (dprd) Locally appointed chef officers (kepala daerah) Significant local government revenue capacity Significant local government expenditure responsibility Budget autonomy Hard budget constraint Transparency and accountability Strong local government ini yang penting untuk desentralisasi
Horizontal imbalances Externalities (interjurisdictional spillovers) Enchancing national objectives as the subrational level Paying for national programs implemented by substantial government
Instrument Tax sharing General grants Specific grants Special grants Capital grants Vertical Fiscal Balance and risk Scoring Horizontal fiscal balance and equalization Vertical and horizontal spillovers and incentives Targeting of tradional policies and regional policy
Transfer daerah APBN-P Kebijakan transfer (cari di internet) Arah kebijakan DBH 2013 Arah kebijakan DAU 2013 Arah kebijakan dana otonomi khusus 2013
Isu terkini Pembangunan infrastruktur daerah Pemakarang daerah Posisi gubernur dualism posisi gubernunr (dual role) kepala daerah otonom & waki pemerintah pusat di daerah Local political economy