Formula Selection

General
Frequency related magnitudes Energy-time uncertainty relationship

Relation of wavelength and frequency Plancks relation

= =

Reduced mass of a two-particle system

2 = 1 + 1

= 1 =

Rotational Spectroscopy
Energy Levels, Rigid Rotor Model Energy Levels, Non-Rigid Rotor Model Rotational Constant Inertia Moment (two-particle system) Level of Peak Intensity () = ( + 1) () = ( + 1) 2 ( + 1)2 = = max =
82 2 2

1 2

Vibrational Spectroscopy
Energy Levels, Harmonic Oscillator Model Energy Levels, Anharmonic Oscillator Model Harmonic Frequency ( ) = ( + 1 ) 2 =
1 / 2

( ) = + 1 + 1 2 2

Symmetry
Decomposition of a reducible representation = ( ) ( ) =
(1 2 1

NMR Spectroscopy
Resonance frequency Effective field felt by a nucleus = (1 )0 )0

Physical Constants
= 2.998 108 m s-1 = 6.62 1034 J s

= 1.38 1023 J K -1

Flowcharts: Molecular Symmetry Point Groups

Character Tables for Some Symmetry Point Groups