Bedah Toraks Kardio Vaskular FK Unsyiah RSU Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, 2012
GOALS :
The cardiovascular system Structure and organization of blood vessels Structure of the heart The cardiac cycle Conducting system of the heart
Routing blood
Heart separates pulmonary and systemic circulations
3 Kinds of Circulation:
Pulmonary circulation Coronary circulation
Systemic circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again
Coronary Circulation
Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart
Systemic Circulation
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body , except for the heart and lungs
Fetal Circulation
No circulation to lungs Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosum Circulation must go to placenta Umbilical aa., vv.
The Arteries
Arteries and arterioles take blood away from the heart.
The largest artery is the AORTA.
The middle layer of an artery wall consists of smooth muscle that can constrict to regulate blood flow and BP Arterioles can constrict or dilate, changing BP.
The Veins
Venules drain blood from capillaries then join to form veins that take blood to the heart. Much less smooth muscle & connective tissue. Valves prevent the back flow of blood when closed. Carry about 70% of the bodys blood & act as a reservoir during hemorrhage.
Heart Anatomy
Heart Wall
Three layers of tissue :
Epicardium This serous membrane of smooth outer surface of heart Myocardium Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cell and responsibility for heart contracting Endocardium Smooth inner surface of heart chambers
Heart Wall
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Heart Chamber :
4 chambers two upper, thin-walled atria, and two lower, thick-walled ventricles. The septum is a wall dividing the right and left sides.
Auricles LAA & RAA
Heart Valves
Atrioventricular
Tricuspid Bicuspid or mitral
Semilunar
Aortic Pulmonary
Coronary Circulation
Coronary circulation is the functional blood supply to the heart muscle itself Collateral routes ensure blood delivery to heart even if major vessels are occluded
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Heart Sounds
First heart sound or lubb AV valves and surrounding fluid vibrations as valves close at beginning of ventricular systole
Second heart sound or dupp Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole, lasts longer
Third heart sound (occasional) Caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles and detected near end of first one-third of diastole
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Terima Kasih