DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN SAMPUL.................................................................................

HALAMAN JUDUL....................................................................................

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DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................

iii

BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN.........................................................................

1.1 Latar Belakang........................................................................

1.2 Rumusan Masalah..................................................................

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian....................................................................

1.3.1

Tujuan Umum............................................................

1.3.2

Tujuan Khusus...........................................................

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian..................................................................

BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...............................................................

2.1

2.2

Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis..........

2.1.1

Klasifikasi dan Tatanama Tanaman Binahong.........

2.1.2

Deskripsi Tanaman Binahong...................................

2.1.3

Kandungan Senyawa Kimia pada Daun Binahong...

Salmonella typhi....................................................................

12

2.2.1

Klasifikasi S.typhi......................................................

12

2.2.2

Morfologi S.typhi.......................................................

12

2.2.3

Struktur Dinding Sel S.typhi .....................................

13

2.2.4

Manifestasi Klinis .....................................................

15

2.2.5

Faktor Patogenisitas...................................................

15

2.3

Antibakteri ..........................................................................

16

2.4

Kloramfenikol.......................................................................

19

2.5 Ekstraksi...................................................................................

20

2.5.1

Maserasi.....................................................................

21

2.5.2

Perkolasi.....................................................................

21

2.5.3

Ekstraksi dengan Menggunakan Soxhlet...................

22

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2.5.4

Ekstraksi dengan Menggunakan Gas Superkritis......

22

Metode Uji Kepekaan Antimikroba...................................

22

2.6.1

Difusi..........................................................................

22

2.6.2

Dilusi..........................................................................

23

2.6.3

E-Test.........................................................................

24

2.7

Kerangka Konseptual Peneltian.........................................

25

2.8

Hipotesis Penelitian..............................................................

25

BAB 3. METODE PENELITIAN............................................................

26

2.6

3.1

Jenis Penelitian.....................................................................

26

3.2

Rancangan Penelitian..........................................................

26

3.3

Metode Uji Kepekaan Kuman terhadap Antibakteri......

28

3.4

Sampel...................................................................................

28

3.5

Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian............................................

29

3.5.1

Tempat Penelitian......................................................

29

3.5.2

Waktu Penelitian........................................................

29

Variabel penelitian...............................................................

29

3.6.1 Variabel Bebas ...........................................................

29

3.6.2Variabel Terikat.............................................................

29

3.6.3

Variabel Terkendali...................................................

29

3.7 Definisi Operasional.............................................................

30

3.8

Alat dan Bahan.....................................................................

32

3.8.1 Alat.............................................................................

32

3.8.2Bahan.............................................................................

33

Prosedur Penelitian..............................................................

33

3.9.1

Persiapan Alat............................................................

33

3.9.2Pembuatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong...................

33

3.9.3Pembuatan Larutan NaCMC 0,5%................................

34

3.6

3.9

3.9.4Pembuatan Konsentrasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun

Binahong....................................................................

34

3.9.5Pembuatan Larutan 0,5 McFarland................................

35

3.9.6Pembuatan Suspensi S.typhi..........................................

35

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3.9.7Pembuatan Media Agar Mueller Hinton........................

35

3.9.8Pembuatan Suspensi Kloramfenikol..............................

36

3.9.9Tahap Perlakuan.............................................................

36

3.9.10Tahap Pengamatan.......................................................

36

3.10 Analisis Data.........................................................................

37

3.11 Alur Penelitian.....................................................................

38

3.11.1 Pengenceran Ekstrak..................................................

38

3.11.2 Alur Penelitian...........................................................

39

BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.....................................................

42

4.1 Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................

42

4.2

Pembahasan .........................................................................

45

BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................

49

5.1

Kesimpulan...........................................................................

5.2

Saran .....................................................................................

49

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................
LAMPIRAN ...............................................................................................

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