Haruzo Hida ent of Mathematics University of California, Los Angeles, USA Geometric Modular Forms and Elliptic Curves Veo World Scientific Singapore * New Jersey «London «Hong KongPublished by ‘World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. P.O Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 912805 USA office: Suite 1B, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hida, Haruzo. Geometric modular forms and elliptic curves / Haruzo Hida. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9810243375 1. Curves, Elliptic, 2. Forms, Modular. 1. Title. (QAS67.2.E44 153 2000 516.3'52--de 21 00-033369 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ‘A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2000 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. Printed in Singapore by World Scientific PrintersPreface In summer of 1992, I gave a series of eighteen lectures at a CIMPA con- ference held in Nice (France). What I tried to present in the series of the lectures was a comprehensive account of the theory of moduli spaces of el- liptic curves (over integer rings) and its application to modular forms. The first three chapters of this book faithfully follow the notes written at the time, although only a part of them was presented in the lecture series. A few years later, I learned the proof by A. Wiles of the Shimura-Taniyama conjecture (for semi-stable elliptic curves) and Fermat’s last theorem. In his proof, the existence of two dimensional Galois representations associ- ated to modular forms (and analysis of ramification of the representations) plays a fundamental role; so, I started writing Chapter 4 on construction of such Galois representations, following the classical treatment of Shimura (but incorporating some facts on ramification proven after his book [IAT] was written). At the end (in Chapter 5), I added a brief outline of the proof of diverse modularity results of two-dimensional Galois representa- tions (including that of Wiles) as well as some new results of mine in that direction. Together with my book [MFG] from Cambridge University:Press, this book covers basically everything used in the proof of Wiles; so, it is my hope that these two books would supply graduate students (having ba- sic knowledge of algebraic number theory including class field theory) with adequate mathematical back-ground in order to read Wiles’ original paper [Wil], although I have concentrated on describing proofs of mathematical facts and have not touched historical matters. There is no introduction given to this book, since this is a direct sequel of [MFG], and I would like to refer the reader to Chapter 1 of [MFG] for introductory discussions. Some of the material of the book was also presented in graduate courses