tion tion 1

0 / 1 point
The Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere receive the same amount of insolation on this day:

a) March equinox. b) June solstice. c) Earth's aphelion. d) December solstice. Question 2

According to the Stefan-Boltzmann equation:

0 / 1 point

a) b)

Graybodies have an emissivity factor of 1 If the intensity of the radiation emitted by an object increases 8-fold, then its temperature has been reduced in half If the intensity of the radiation emitted by an object increases 4-fold, then its temperature has been reduced in half

c)

If the intensity of the radiation emitted by an object d) decreases 16-fold, then its temperature has been reduced in half Question 3 1 / 1 point
Where is there an annual net radiation surplus?

a) subarctic and polar regions b) subtropical and polar regions c) subtropical and midlatitude regions d) equatorial region and subtropical regions Question 4
On the June solstice the subsolar point is located at the ____________.

0 / 1 point

a) 0 b) 26.5N c) 23.5S

d) 23.5N Question 5 1 / 1 point

A ___________ is a body that is perfectly efficient at emitting radiation and hence emits exactly the amount predicted by theoretical principles.

a) wavelength b) thermal radiation c) emission d) blackbody Question 6

The reason for the seasons is due to:

1 / 1 point

a) perihelion b) earth's orbit c) earth's tilt @ 23.5 d) earth's rotation Composition 1 / 1 point
The first layer of the atmosphere (closest to earth) is the ___________.

tion 7

a) stratosphere b) thermosphere c) mesosphere d) troposphere Question 8

The highest temperatures are typically found in the:

1 / 1 point

a) thermosphere. b) mesosphere. c) troposphere. d) stratosphere. Question 9 1 / 1 point

The air temperature is generally ____________ at higher altitudes in the troposphere compared to the surface.

a) lapse rate b) cooler c) warmer d) the same Question 10 1 / 1 point

Water vapor ____________ radiation emitted by the Earth before the radiation can escape to space; it also emits radiation back to the Earth's surface.

a) effects b) absorbs c) reflects d) diminishes Question 11 1 / 1 point

In the lowest layer of the atmosphere, temperature usually ______ with increasing height.

a) rises b) rises and falls c) remains constant d) falls Background / Intro 1 / 1 point
Pressure exerted by the atmosphere because of the force of gravity acting upon the overlying column of air is known as _____.

tion 12

a) barometer b) ideal gas law c) altitude d) atmospheric pressure Question 13

The Equation of State (Ideal Gas Law) gives a relationship between:

1 / 1 point

a) pressure and wind speed. b) pressure, altitude, and density. c) pressure, density, and temperature. d) pressure, moisture content, and density. e) none of the above Question 14
Air pressure is:

1 / 1 point

a) the sum of the partial pressures of its constituent gases. b) independent of the temperature of air. c) independent of the density of air. d) measured in pascals by American meteorologists. Sean Questions 1 / 1 point
Warming in the stratosphere is mainly caused by:

tion 15

a) b) c) d) Question 16

frictional heating caused by meteorites chemical reactions between ozone and chlorofluorocarbons release of latent heat energy during condensation absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone 1 / 1 point

Does heat flow from objects of high temperature to low temperature

a) False b) True Question 17 1 / 1 point

Which of the following always decreases as we climb upward in the atmosphere?

a) pressure b) moisture c) temperature

d) wind Question 18
The amount of force exerted over an area of surface is called

1 / 1 point

a) weight b) pressure c) density d) temperature Question 19

Almost all of the earths weather occurs in the

1 / 1 point

a) mesosphere b) troposphere c) exosphere d) stratosphere Question 20 1 / 1 point

Approximately what day of the year does every place have the same number of daylight hours.

a) September 21 b) February 14 c) December 21 d) June 21

on 1 tion 1

1 / 1 point
Coastal areas experience ___________ annual temperature changes compared to locations further inland due to their proximity to a large body of water and water's _______ specific heat capacity.

a) moderate, high b) extreme; high c) extreme; low d) moderate, low

Question 2
Absorption:

1 / 1 point

a) b) c) d) Question 3

is typically greater in desert areas than in humid areas. is performed quite well by the atmosphere for visible wavelengths. does not prevent most ultraviolet light from reaching Earth's surface. is done to differing degrees by different gases. 0 / 1 point

Letter B represents:

a) b) c) d)

longwave radiation emitted by the atmospheric greenhouse gases back to the surface. longwave radiation absorbed by the atmospheric greenhouse gases. longwave radiation emitted from surface that escapes to space. longwave radiation emitted by the atmospheric greenhouse gases back to space.

Question 4
Air temperature generally ____________ as you go from the equator towards the poles.

1 / 1 point

a) increases b) remains constant for another month in July c) remains constant d) decreases Question 5
____________ is the state of a substance: either solid, liquid, or gas.

1 / 1 point

a) Phase b) Latent heat c) Sensible heat d) Melting Question 6 1 / 1 point

The gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide are all:

a) greenhouse gases b) tiny frozen water droplets. c) liquids d) scatters Question 7 1 / 1 point

___________ is a process in which electromagnetic energy is transferred to heat energy when radiation reach molecules or particles in a gas, liquid, or solid.

a) Blackbody b) Absorption c) Scattering d) Reflection Question 8 1 / 1 point

The pavement on the right _____________ more sunlight than the snow on the left.

a) scatters b) reflects c) conducts d) absorbs Question 9

Sensible heat:

1 / 1 point

a) b) c) d) Question 10
A greenhouse:

does not involve changes in temperature. is released or absorbed when a substance undergoes a phase change. is dependent upon the specific heat of the substance involved. travels by convection through the laminar boundary layer. 1 / 1 point

a) blocks the transfer of longwave radiation. b) is impermeable to shortwave radiation. c) allows the loss of sensible heat. d) allows the loss of latent heat. Question 11
Which surface would you expect to have a higher sensible heat?

1 / 1 point

a) a desert surface b) a glacier surface c) a pond d) a well watered grass Question 12 1 / 1 point

Electromagnetic radiation in the range 330 m is known as ____________. It is also the type of radiation emitted by the Earth and atmosphere.

a) longwave radiation b) scattered c) shortwave radiation d) absorbed Question 13

The single most important control on temperature is

0 / 1 point

a) longitdue b) latitude c) altitude d) distirbtion of land and water Question 14

The atmosphere is a(n):

1 / 1 point

a) blackbody absorber. b) selective absorber. c) inferior absorber of x-rays.

d) absorber of all radiation equally. Question 15 1 / 1 point

The reason that the daily maximum temperature is after the maximum solar heating is because:

a) b) c)

the Sun has more energy when shining from the west. the atmosphere is "thinner" in the afternoon. there is a thermal "lag" in the heating of the atmosphere.

None of the above. There is no relationship between the d) maximum amount of sunshine and the time of maximum daily temperature. Question 16 1 / 1 point
Free convection is the mixing process related to:

a) buoyancy. b) conduction. c) subsidence. d) drying. Question 17

According to Kirchoffs law:

1 / 1 point

a) b) c) d) Question 18

Good absorbers are good emitters at a particular wavelength Good absorbers are bad emitters at a particular wavelength Good absorbers are bad emitters at any wavelength Bad absorbers are good emitters at a particular wavelength 1 / 1 point

Most of the energy from the sun is in the _____________ spectrum.

a) near Infrared b) ultraviolet c) infrared

d) visible Question 19
Compared to land, water bodies:

0 / 1 point

a) are more greatly influenced by continentality. b) warm more quickly. c) have a lower specific heat. d) cool more slowly. Question 20
Temperatures at any point on the face of the earth are influenced by:

1 / 1 point

a) latitude. b) altitude. c) proximity to water. d) all of the above

ity tion 1

1 / 1 point
When air is forced to descend, its temperature ________________.

a) increases b) remains constant c) decreases d) fluctuates Question 2

Absolutely stable air:

1 / 1 point

a) b) c)

needs a push to rise, but will continue rising once it starts moving. is typically warmer than its surroundings. has a wet adiabatic lapse rate that is greater than the environmental lapse rate.

d) Question 3

will have a positive buoyancy. 1 / 1 point

The lower atmosphere is most likely to have the steepest environmental lapse rate at this time:

a) midnight. b) sunrise. c) sunset. d) mid-day. Question 4 1 / 1 point

The ___________ refers to a heating or cooling process that occurs solely as a result of pressure change, not by heat flowing into or away from a volume of air.

a) lifting condensation level b) latent heat absorption c) latent heat release d) adiabatic process Question 5 1 / 1 point

The ______ is the level of the atmosphere to which an air parcel must be lifted before condensation starts to occur.

a) latent heat release b) latent heat absorption c) adiabatic process d) lifting condensation level Humidity 0 / 1 point
Relative humidity:

tion 6

a) b) c) d) Question 7

requires knowledge of the saturation specific humidity. is measured in grams per kilogram. gives the percentage of water molecules in the air. is a term rarely used by television weather forecasters. 1 / 1 point

Air that contains as much water as it can hold:

a) is very heavy. b) is saturated. c) cannot be lifted very high. d) has a very low relative humidity. Question 8
___________ occurs when a solid changes to a gas.

1 / 1 point

a) Sublimation b) Melting c) Freezing d) Deposition Question 9

Vapor pressure is:

0 / 1 point

a) b) c) d) Question 10

independent of temperature. a common part of weather reports. typically measured in millipascals in the United States. the part of atmospheric pressure due to water vapor. 1 / 1 point

This is the maximum amount of water vapor an air parcel can contain based on its temperature.

a) dew-point b) specific humidity c) saturated specific humidity d) air temperature Question 11

Specific humidity:

0 / 1 point

a) is temperature dependent. b) has little use for scientific studies.

c) typically has values of 10 percent or greater. d) is a ratio of one mass to another mass. Question 12 0 / 1 point

Using the graph, what is the dew point temperature if the current air temperature is 10C and the specific humidity is 5 g/kg?

a) 10C b) 20C c) 30C d) 2C Question 13 1 / 1 point

As the temperature increases, generally, the relative humidity:

a) is erratic. b) decreases. c) increases. d) is unaffected.

Question 14
The dew point:

1 / 1 point

a) b) c) d) Question 15

is not a very effective indicator of water vapor content. can be used with air temperature to indicate the value of relative humidity. can be higher than the current air temperature. is high when there is little water vapor in the air. 1 / 1 point

The vapor pressure of a volume of air depends on:

a) the temperature of the water vapor molecules. b) the density of water vapor molecules. c) A and B d) none of the above Water Balance
Most of Earth's water is located in the ___________.

tion 16

1 / 1 point

a) atmosphere b) groundwater c) ocean d) freshwater lakes Question 17

Which type of soil water is bonded to the individual soil grains?

1 / 1 point

a) Gravitational water b) Hygroscopic water c) Deep groundwater

d) Capillary water Question 18 1 / 1 point

Which of the following is water loss to atmosphere by plants and vegetation through a process similar to evaporation?

a) sublimation b) infiltration c) interception d) transpiration Question 19

Which type of water eventually becomes groundwater?

1 / 1 point

a) Deep groundwater b) Gravitational water c) Hygroscopic water d) Capillary water Question 20 0 / 1 point

In the water balance equation, an increase in the magnitude of which of these terms would lead to a more pronounced deficit?

a) b) c) d) 1 / 1 point
Which of the following terms refers to lines connecting points of equal pressure?

-ST AE PE P

S1 tion 1

a) contours b) millibars c) isotherms d) isobars Question 2 1 / 1 point

What does the spacing of the height contours indicate on an isobaric weather chart?

a) The magnitude of the Coriolis force b) The magnitude of the centripetal force c) The magnitude of the frictional force d) The magnitude of the pressure gradient force Question 3
_________________ are also the cause of global wind motions.

1 / 1 point

a) Anemometers b) Velocities c) Radiosondes d) Pressure gradients Question 4

___________________ is defined by the wind's direction and speed.

1 / 1 point

a) Anemometer b) Pressure gradient c) A radiosonde d) Velocity S2

The Coriolis Effect is zero at:

tion 5

1 / 1 point

a) the Equator b) the Poles c) sunrise d) the upper atmosphere Question 6

Which of the following is true about the geostrophic flow?

1 / 1 point

a) Pressure gradient force equals the Coriolis force. b) It occurs only in the upper atmosphere.

c) Friction is not present. d) all of the above Question 7

In the Northern hemisphere, winds aloft blow __________ around a cyclone.

0 / 1 point

a) counterclockwise b) clockwise c) fast d) slow S3 1 / 1 point

tion 8

The Hadley Cell was originally envisaged to cover most, if not all of each hemisphere, North and South. What area does it actually cover?

a) Just areas near the equator b) Just the Mid-latitudes c) Just the Tropics d) Just the Tropics and the Mid-Latitudes Question 9
To measure wind speed near the surface, we use _____________________.

1 / 1 point

a) anemometers b) radiosonde c) vertical winds d) pressure gradients Question 10 1 / 1 point

The _____________ are the easterly winds found in the tropical regions north and south of the Equator.

a) polar fronts b) trade winds c) subtropical high pressure belt

d) convergence zone Question 11 0 / 1 point

__________ are driven by intense solar heating, because the noontime Sun is almost directly overhead for much of the year.

a) polar fronts b) polar cells c) Intertropical convergence zone d) Hadley cells Question 12
Winds along the equator tend to ____________.

1 / 1 point

a) converge b) remain calm c) diverge d) sink Question 13 0 / 1 point

The _____________ is a zone of convergence of air masses along the equatorial trough.

a) subtropical high pressure belt b) Intertropical convergence zone c) trade winds d) polar front Question 14
The ITCZ shifts ___________ in the northern hemisphere's winter.

1 / 1 point

a) Tropic of Capricorn b) far east c) north d) south S4 1 / 1 point

tion 15

The polar front:

a) b) c) d) Question 16
The subtropical high:

is a region of small changes in the slope of pressure surfaces. is a region marked by a sharp change in horizontal temperature. is a boundary between two regions of cold air. is not associated with the polar jet stream. 1 / 1 point

a) b) c) d)

often causes dry, desert-like conditions. has strong pressure gradients. has strong winds.

is neither a part of, nor a consequence of, the Hadley cell. Question 17 1 / 1 point
The cell in the midlatitudes is called the _____________.

a) polar Cell b) tropical Cell c) Hadley Cell d) Ferrel Cell Question 18 1 / 1 point

The large temperature gradient aloft creates a stronger ______________ than at the surface.

a) pressure gradient b) centripetal force c) frictional force d) Coriolis force S5 1 / 1 point

tion 19

The process in which warm surface waters are replaced by colder waters from below is known as _______________.

a) thermohaline circulation b) ocean upwelling c) gyres d) western boundary currents Question 20

A _______ is the region below the thermocline in which water is very cold.

0 / 1 point

a) mixed layer b) gyre c) deep ocean d) thermocline