Respiration and Breathing

Revision powerpoint

Respiration
Respiration requires oxygen; it is like the slow-burning of glucose inside our body. The glucose comes from the digestion of carbohydrates.

The waste products of respiration are carbon dioxide and water.

Glucose + Oxygen ENERGY + Carbon dioxide + Water

Respiration
Respiration is the process by which living cells release ENERGY from their FOOD. It requires OXYGEN and has the waste products of WATER and CARBON DIOXIDE. The word equation for respiration is:

GLUCOSE

OXYGEN

ENERGY

WATER

+
The chemical equation for respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2

CARBON DIOXIDE

ENERGY
+

+ 6CO2

6H2O

Breathing
The lungs are connected to the mouth by a tube called the TRACHEA or WINDPIPE. To stop the trachea COLLAPSING as we breathe out, it has RINGS OF CARTILAGE. The DIAPHRAGM is a thin muscle that helps us to breathe. When the diaphragm pulls down this inflates the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes this deflates the lungs. When the lungs inflate with air it is called INHALING; when the lungs deflate it is called EXHALING. Windpipe

Lungs

Diaphragm

Exercise 5: Label the Diagram

A. B. Trachea A. _______________ Left bronchus B. _______________ E. Bronchiole C. _______________

Air sacs D. _______________

D. Rib E. _______________

F. _______________ Intercostal muscles

C. G. F.

Diaphragm G. _______________

Label the alveolus

Diffusion in the alveolus

Alveoli
Alveoli are the millions of tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles. They are adapted to the GASEOUS EXCHANGE of OYXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in several ways: 1. They have very THIN WALLS that provide a SHORT DIFFUSION PATHWAY and allow the gases to pass through easily. 2. They have a MOIST surface as oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse faster if they are DISSOLVED before they pass through the alveoli walls. 3. They have a DENSE CAPILLARY NETWORK that MAINTAINS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT and allows the gases to be exchanged with the bloodstream efficiently.