EcoFuel Natural Gas Drive with 1.4 l 110 kW TSI Engine Design and Function
After the successful application of the EcoFuel natural gas drive in the Touran and Caddy, this technology is now also being used in the Passat, Passat Estate and Touran for the first time in conjunction with a TSI twincharger engine. From an environmental viewpoint, increased use of this technology is worthwhile because the emission of harmful exhaust gases are reduced considerably compared with petrol operation, for example, carbon dioxide (CO2) by 25 %. The Passat TSI EcoFuel with 7-speed dual clutch gearbox therefore produces just 119 g/km of CO2 in natural gas mode. Furthermore, the exhaust gases produced in natural gas mode do not contain sulphur, soot or fine dust.
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On the following pages, we will introduce you to the design and function of the natural gas drive in the Passat TSI EcoFuel. You will find further information on the topic of natural gas in self-study programme no. 262 Natural gas an alternative fuel for motor vehicles and no. 373 EcoFuel Natural Gas Drive in Touran und Caddy.
The self-study programme portrays the design and function of new developments! The contents will not be updated.
For current testing, adjustment and repair instructions, refer to the relevant service literature.
Important Note
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The Passat TSI EcoFuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The 1.4 l 110 kW TSI twincharger engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Natural Gas Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 The Passat TSI EcoFuel natural gas drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Engine Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 System overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Engine control unit J623 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Actuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Electronic gas pressure regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Dash panel insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Functional diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Test Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Introduction
The Passat TSI EcoFuel
The Passat TSI EcoFuel uses a dual drive. That means it can be driven in both natural gas and petrol mode. In addition to the components for petrol operation, further components for natural gas operation are required. You can see these in the illustration below. You will find more detailed explanations of these components in later sections of this self-study programme.
Electronic gas pressure regulator with high-pressure valve for gas mode N372 and Tank pressure sensor G400
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S425_063 Gas fuel rail with gas injection valves 1 - 4 N366 - N369 and gas rail sensor G401 Gas shut-off valve relay J908
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Gas filler neck with non-return valve (an adapter is required for Italy) Natural gas tanks with tank shut-off valves 1 - 3 N361 - N363 (tank shut-off valve 3 N363 with non-return valve)
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Petrol tank
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S425_028 Dash panel insert with natural gas gauge G411, fuel gauge G1, natural gas mode warning lamp K192 and reserve fuel warning lamp K105
Introduction
The 1.4 l 110 kW TSI twincharger engine
This engine has already been used in different vehicle models. However, due to the thermal and mechanical loads in natural gas operation, several components in the engine have been modified. The natural gas functions have been added to the engine management.
Technical features
One engine control unit for natural gas and petrol operation Homogenous mode (Lambda 1) in both operating modes Turbocharger with waste gate Selectable mechanical supercharger Gas fuel rail with gas rail sensor and gas injection valves
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The torque/output graph is identical in both operating modes. To achieve this, the supercharger is activated for longer in natural gas mode than in petrol operation. Furthermore the boost pressure is approx. 0.3 bar higher.
Technical data
Engine code Type Displacement Bore Stroke Valves per cylinder Compression ratio Maximum output Maximum torque Engine management Fuel CDGA 4-cylinder in-line engine 1390 cm3 76.5 mm 75.6 mm 4 Torque (Nm) Output (kW) Engine speed (rpm) S425_006 10:1 110 kW at 5500 rpm 220 Nm at 1500 to 4500 rpm Bosch Motronic MED 17.1 Natural gas H (high) Natural gas L (low) with reduced range Super unleaded RON 95 Main catalytic converter, Lambda control EU5
Engine Components
Changes to engine components
As a fuel, natural gas has a higher anti-knock index compared with petrol in addition to its clean combustion. The octane number for natural gas H can be up to RON 130. This allows an earlier ignition time without combustion knock. The efficiency increases whilst the combustion pressure and combustion temperature in the combustion chamber also increase. However, natural gas is very dry and does not have any lubricating properties like petrol. All of this leads to increased loading on the engine and requires changes to the engine components.
Piston
Piston rings
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Inlet camshaft
The inlet and exhaust valves are nitrated and reinforced. The valve guides are made from highly wear-resistant material. The valve stem seals have a second sealing lip that forces lubrication of the valve stem in the valve guides. A material with greater wear and corrosion resistance has been chosen for the valve seat rings in the cylinder head.
Engine Components
High-pressure injectors 1 4 N30 - N33
In petrol operation, the high-pressure injectors are cooled by the fuel (petrol) that flows through them. There is no cooling in natural gas mode. Since these valves protrude directly into the combustion chamber, unacceptable high temperatures would result. Two measures have therefore been taken: a second Teflon ring with a high thermal conductivity and a heat sink made from aluminium to transfer the heat from the high-pressure injector to the cylinder head.
Aluminium heat sink
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Thermostat 1 Thermostat 2
Due to the high combustion chamber temperatures in natural gas mode, the piston crowns are heated up greatly. The oil spray nozzles are designed for a higher oil delivery to keep the temperatures as low as possible. Two cooling plates have been added to the oil cooler to increase the cooling performance.
Cooling plates
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Turbocharger
To obtain a faster turbocharger response, the compressor wheel has been made slightly smaller.
Turbocharger
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Spark plugs
Conventional spark plugs would soon wear out due to the greater ignition requirement and the higher spark temperature in natural gas operation. Therefore the materials used in the spark plugs have been changed. The centre electrode is made from a 0.6 mm iridium pin and the earth electrode is made from platinum.
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Exhaust system
The exhaust system only stretches to the front natural gas tank. This allows the natural gas tanks and the petrol tank to be made as large as possible. To fulfil EU5, the thickness and composition of the coating in the three-way catalytic converter has been modified for natural gas operation. This is necessary as highly temperature-resistant methane is left after incomplete combustion.
Three-way catalytic converter
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Gas filler neck with filter and non-return valve The gas filler neck is behind the tank filler flap on the righthand side of the vehicle above the petrol filler neck. There is a non-return valve and a metal filter on the gas filler neck.
Mounting bracket
Tank shut-off valves 1 and 2 N361, N362 Protective covers Tank shut-off valve 3 N363 Connecting piece with double clamping device High-pressure natural gas line and connecting pieces The natural gas line is made from stainless steel. To ensure that the gas pipes cannot leak, the individual sections are connected with double-clamping devices. High-pressure natural gas line
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Note that the pressure must be released in the natural gas high-pressure pipe before you carry out work on the natural gas system. Please note the instructions in ELSA.
Please note that even if the system has been switched over from natural gas to petrol operation because the gas supply has been exhausted, there will still be a residual amount in the natural gas tanks.
Gas fuel rail with gas rail sensor G401 and gas injection valves N366 - N369
Electronic gas pressure regulator with fuel tank pressure sensor G400 and high-pressure valve for gas mode N372 Connections for coolant circuit
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Brake pedal position sender G100 Natural gas mode warning lamp K192 Natural gas gauge G411 Fuel gauge G1 Reserve fuel warning lamp K105
Brake servo pressure sensor G294 Additional signals Components for natural gas mode
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Actuators
Engine control unit J623 with ambient pressure sender Fuel pump control unit J538 Fuel system pressurisation pump G6
Ignition coils 1 - 4 with output stage N70, N127, N291, N292 Inlet camshaft control valve 1 N205 Powertrain CAN
Onboard supply control unit J519 Data bus diagnostic interface J533
Charge pressure control solenoid valve N75 Throttle valve module J338 Throttle valve drive for electric throttle G186
Regulating flap control unit J808 Regulating flap position control motor V380
High-pressure valve for gas mode N372 Gas injection valves 1 - 4 N366 - N369 Gas shut-off valve relay J908 Tank shut-off valve 1 - 3 N361 - N363 S425_023
Additional coolant pump relay J496 Coolant circulation pump V50 Additional output signals
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Engine Management
Engine control unit J623
The engine control unit is installed in the centre of the plenum chamber. It manages all functions of petrol and natural gas operation. Lambda = 1 is used in both operating modes.
In basic settings, you switch manually in display group 243 to natural gas mode and in display group 244 to petrol mode. This may be helpful when you are searching for faults.
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On-board diagnose II
The on-board diagnosis checks all components and systems relevant to the exhaust gas while the vehicle is running. It stores the malfunctions and indicates exhaust gas-related errors with the exhaust emissions warning lamp K83.
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Starting strategy
The table shows the starting strategy of the 1.4 l 110 kW TSI EcoFuel engine.
Coolant temperature** < 10 C Start in petrol mode No prior natural gas fill-up*
Switch over to natural gas mode Cold start function completed, coolant temperature > 10 C and time after start > 100 seconds
Start in petrol mode Until natural gas quality adjustment has been completed
Switch over to natural gas mode after activating the Lambda control, cold start function completed, coolant temperature > 10 C and time after start > 100 seconds
Switch over to natural gas mode after activating Lambda control, but after 540 seconds at the latest
* Natural gas refuelling Natural gas engines have very good lean-running capabilities, but relatively poor rich-running capabilities. If natural gas H (rich) is injected with the same opening time as natural gas L (lean), there could be problems when the engine is started and performance could be poor. To avoid this, natural gas mode cannot be used until the Lambda control is activated and the natural gas quality can be recognised. If the engine control unit is informed by the fuel tank pressure sensor G400 that the pressure in the natural gas tanks has increased 30 % since the engine was last run, it will presume that the tank has been filled with natural gas. A natural gas quality adjustment is carried out by the Lambda control and the opening times of the gas injection valves are adjusted. The adjustment is carried out in the middle load/rev range and lasts 60 seconds. The adjustment is interrupted outside the range and the time counter is stopped. The engine will start immediately in natural gas mode only once the adjustment has been completed. ** Coolant temperature At coolant temperatures above 10 C, the coolant is definitely warm enough to prevent icing of the gas pressure regulator while the natural gas pressure is regulated. Furthermore the valve seats of the gas injection valves are sealed by elastomer seals. At very low temperatures, they can clog and no longer open. That no longer occurs from 10 C.
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Engine Management
Sensors
Fuel tank pressure sensor G400
The fuel tank pressure sensor is screwed into the electronic gas pressure regulator. It is connected to the high-pressure area via a transverse passage and measures the natural gas high pressure. Signal use This signal allows the engine control unit to recognise the filling level of the natural gas tanks, whether natural gas has been filled up and whether the tank shut-off valves are leak-free. The valves are closed for up to 4 seconds once per driving cycle in a range close to idle for this purpose. The residual gas from the natural gas pipes is burnt and the pressure should fall. If it does not fall, at least one of the valves is leaking.
S425_062 Tank pressure sensor G400 High-pressure gas inlet from the natural gas tanks
Effects of signal failure If the signal fails, the natural gas gauge shows full. The vehicle continues to drive in natural gas mode, but will start in petrol mode next time as if the vehicle has been refuelled. If Lambda control is active, the system switches to natural gas mode.
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Effects of signal failure If the gas rail sensor signal fails, the system switches immediately to petrol mode.
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Actuators
Tank shut-off valves 1 - 3 N361 - N363
Tank shut-off valve
Each natural gas tank has a tank shut-off valve. They seal the natural gas tanks when the ignition is set to OFF. Task The valves are closed when not powered and prevent gas flowing out of the natural gas tanks. In natural gas mode, the solenoid valves are activated together via the gas shut-off valve relay J908 and open the path to the electronic gas pressure regulator. They are opened by the filling pressure while the vehicle is filled up.
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Effects upon failure If one of the valves fails, the vehicle continues to drive in natural gas mode while there is sufficient natural gas. If a leaking valve is recognised via the fuel tank pressure sensor G400, a fault memory entry is made and the exhaust emissions warning lamp K83 is switched on.
They have the task of feeding natural gas into the intake manifold.
Gas injection valve
The opening times of the gas injection valves depend on: the engine speed, the engine load, the natural gas quality and the natural gas pressure in the gas fuel rail. Effects upon failure If one of the gas injection valves fails, the system switches over to petrol mode.
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Engine Management
Electronic gas pressure regulator
The electronic gas pressure regulator is mounted on the longitudinal member at the front right of the engine compartment. It regulates the pressure in the low-pressure natural gas system at 5 - 9 bar (absolute). In the previous Touran/Caddy EcoFuel models, it was reduced mechanically to a fixed value of approx. 7 bar (absolute).
High-pressure gas inlet from the natural gas tanks Low-pressure gas outlet to engine Tank pressure sensor G400 Coolant connections
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Coolant connections
When the natural gas pressure is reduced, a large amount of heat is drawn from the surrounding components. This creates very low temperatures that can lead to icing. To avoid this, the gas pressure regulator is incorporated into the coolant system and heated by the coolant.
2nd reduction stage high-pressure valve for gas mode N372 1st reduction stage
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Gas is injected at a pressure of 5 bar up to the middle load/rev range. The low pressure allows the vehicle to drive for longer in natural gas mode. This increases the range by up to 25 km.
Gas is injected at a pressure of 9 bar in the upper load/rev range. This allows more gas to be injected per working cycle at the maximum opening time of the gas injection valves. This is the only way that an output of 110 kW or a torque of 220 Nm is possible.
Electronic gas pressure regulator max. gas mass flow at full load 35 kg/h Mechanical gas pressure regulator max. gas mass flow at full load approx. 27 kg/h
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Switch-over between operating modes To ensure that sufficient natural gas continues to flow into the low-pressure natural gas system, the pressure in the high-pressure natural gas system needs to be higher than the pressure at which it is injected. It needs to be at least 6 bar in the lower load/rev range and at least 15 - 17 bar in the upper load/rev range. If the pressure is lower, it will not be possible to deliver the natural gas as quickly as it is injected and combusted by the engine. If the natural gas pressure falls below these pressure thresholds in the respective ranges, the system will switch to petrol mode. In the upper load/rev range, the driver can now take his foot off the accelerator and carry on driving in the lower load/rev range. Once the natural gas pressure reaches a sufficient level again (at least 6 bar), the engine control unit switches back to natural gas mode. This switch-back can be carried out twice. If the pressure falls below the threshold again, the car will drive further in petrol mode.
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Engine Management
1st reduction stage
Reduction of natural gas pressure to approx. 20 bar The gas pressure is reduced in two stages in the gas pressure regulator. The pressure in the first reduction stage is reduced mechanically to approx. 20 bar.
The natural gas pressure is less than 20 bar behind the hollow piston. The natural gas flows from the natural gas tanks into the electronic gas pressure regulator via the highpressure gas inlet. There it flows through the two hollow pistons to the right-hand side of the disks. The rising pressure that acts on the disks presses them together with the pistons to the left against the flow of natural gas and against the spring force.
Hollow piston
The natural gas pressure is 20 bar behind the hollow piston. If the pressure on the right-hand side of the disk is approximately 20 bar, the hollow piston rests against the seal and no more gas can be delivered. The natural gas pressure is reduced to approx. 20 bar in the first reduction stage.
Tank pressure sensor G400 Transverse passage to tank pressure sensor G400 High-pressure area
The transverse passage leads to the tank pressure sensor. It measures the pressure in the natural gas tanks and recognises whether natural gas has been topped up.
Seal
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The natural gas pressure is approx. 20 bar in front of the high-pressure valve for gas mode. The first and second reduction stages are connected to each other via a duct. This means that a pressure of approx. 20 bar is applied at the high-pressure valve for gas mode.
Low-pressure area
Regulation of natural gas pressure at 5 - 9 bar To regulate the natural gas pressure at 5 - 9 bar, the high-pressure valve for natural gas mode is activated by the engine control unit with a pulse-width modulation signal (PWM signal). The valve needle is shifted and the valve ball moves out of its seat. The gas can now flow until the necessary pressure is reached in the low-pressure natural gas system.
Low-pressure gas outlet to engine
S425_051 In-flow of natural gas High-pressure valve for gas mode N372
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Engine Management
Dash panel insert
The following instruments and warning lamps are provided for natural gas mode and petrol mode in the dash panel insert:
Analogue natural gas gauge G411 Analogue fuel gauge G1 Multifunction display
Natural gas mode warning lamp K192 Reserve fuel warning lamp K105
The natural gas gauge has replaced the coolant temperature gauge.
The coolant temperature warning lamp K43 is illuminated with ignition on and switched off at a coolant temperature of 45 C. The coolant temperature and coolant shortage warning lamp K28 is illuminated for 3 seconds after ignition on and is switched on again from a coolant temperature of 124 C as a warning.
Multifunction display Coolant temperature and coolant shortage warning K28 Coolant temperature warning lamp K43
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Natural gas mode warning lamp K192 Natural gas gauge G411 Fuel gauge G1
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S425_034 Natural gas mode warning lamp K192 - The green warning lamp for natural gas mode indicates that the vehicle is running in natural gas mode. S425_033 Reserve fuel warning lamp K105 - The yellow reserve fuel warning lamp is illuminated only when both fuel types are on at least reserve. That means that the pressure in the natural gas tanks is less than 30 bar and less than 7 l of petrol are in the tank.
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Multifunction display MFD In natural gas mode, the filling levels, ranges and consumption are displayed in the following ways: Please refill natural gas! Petrol mode: Please refill natural gas. Please refuel. Gas start: Please refill petrol. Natural gas and petrol are on reserve. When switching to petrol mode, and petrol supply more than reserve When switching to petrol mode, and petrol supply on reserve Vehicle should have started in petrol mode, but this was not possible because the petrol has been used up. Therefore the engine is started in natural gas mode.
A single gong sounds with each of these warnings. Further warnings in natural gas mode include the CNG range (Compressed Natural Gas) in km, the current consumption at speeds below 3 km/h in kg/h and the current consumption and average consumption at speeds above 3 km/h in kg/100 km. The range is displayed only for the current mode. If the vehicle starts in petrol mode because the coolant temperature is below 10 C or the vehicle has been refuelled, no remaining range is displayed.
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Engine Management
Functional diagram
Legend A G1 G400 G401 G411 J271 J285 J329 Battery Fuel gauge Tank pressure sensor Gas rail sensor Natural gas gauge Motronic current supply relay Control unit in dash panel insert Terminal 15 voltage supply relay J519 J533 J623 J908 K105 K192 N361 N362 Onboard supply control unit Data bus diagnostic interface Engine control unit Gas shut-off valve relay Reserve fuel warning lamp Natural gas mode warning lamp Valve 1 for tank shut-off Valve 2 for tank shut-off
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Valve 3 for tank shut-off Gas injection valve 1 Gas injection valve 2 Gas injection valve 3 Gas injection valve 4 High-pressure valve for gas mode Fuse
Input signal Output signal Positive Earth CAN data bus Diagnosis connector
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Service
Special tools
Description T50025 Special wrench for tank valve S425_058 T50026 Hand wheel S425_059 VAS 6131/15 Mounting set for natural gas tank S425_060 The two rear natural gas tanks are removed together with their mountings. The natural gas tanks are removed with the scissor-type assembly platform VAS 6131 A. The mounting set prevents the mountings and natural gas tanks falling during removal. Hand wheel for mechanically closing the tank shut-off valves. Tool Application Wrench for removing and fitting the tank shut-off valves
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Test Yourself
Which answers are correct? One or several of the given answers may be correct.
1.
To which gas pressure does the electronic gas pressure regulator in the Passat TSI EcoFuel regulate the low pressure? a) It regulates to a natural gas pressure between 5 and 9 bar (absolute). b) It regulates at a constant 6 bar natural gas pressure. c) It regulates to a natural gas pressure that corresponds with that of the petrol direct injection.
2.
What does the green warning lamp on the natural gas gauge in the dash panel insert indicate? a) The green warning lamp indicates that sufficient gas and petrol is available. b) The green warning lamp indicates that the engine is running in natural gas mode. c) The green warning lamp indicates that there is no fault in the natural gas system.
3.
Which statement about the starting strategy is correct? a) If there is sufficient natural gas in the natural gas tanks, the engine will always be started in natural gas mode. b) The system only switches to natural gas mode when the coolant temperature reaches 60 C. c) The engine is started in natural gas mode if there is sufficient natural gas pressure, the coolant temperature is more than 10 C and natural gas has not been refuelled since the last time the engine was run.
4.
How does the engine control unit recognise that the vehicle has been refuelled and what natural gas quality is in the natural gas tanks? a) The gas rail sensor signals that the vehicle has been refuelled and the natural gas quality is recognised via the Lambda control. b) The tank pressure sensor signals that the vehicle has been refuelled and the natural gas quality is recognised via the Lambda control. c) The system does not need to recognise that the vehicle has been refuelled or detect the natural gas quality because the natural gas quality is always the same. Answers: 1. a; 2. b; 3. c; 4. b 27
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VOLKSWAGEN AG, Wolfsburg All rights and rights to make technical alterations reserved. 000.2812.19.20 Technical status 03.2009 Volkswagen AG After Sales Qualifizierung Service Training VSQ-1 Brieffach 1995 D - 38436 Wolfsburg
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