INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT/
ORGANIZATION
By: Esti Nurhidayat, Drs, Msi
Kenapa Sistem
Informasi
diperlukan?
1
THE CHANGING BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
♦GLOBALIZATION
♦INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES
♦TRANSFORMATION OF
THE ENTERPRISE
*
Untuk apa dan
siapa yang
memerlukan Sistem
Informasi tersebut?
2
 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED
STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR
MANAGERS

MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE

MANAGERS

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE &

DATA WORKERS

OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL LEVEL
MANAGERS
SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN
MARKETING RESOURCES
Hubungan Sistem
informasi dan
Organisasi?
3
 ORGANIZATIONS &
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MEDIATING FACTORS:
Environment
Culture
Structure
ORGANIZATIONS Standard Procedures INFORMATION
Politics TECHNOLOGY
Management Decisions
Chance
Apa saja yang
berhubungan
dengan sistem
informasi?
4
 SUPPLY-CHAIN MANAGEMENT

ORDER PLANNING &

CUSTOMERS PROCESSING FORECASTING SUPPLIERS

PROCUREMENT
ACCOUNTING INTRANET

PRODUCTION

LOGISTICS
SHIPPING INVENTORY DISTRIBUTORS
SERVICES
Hardware sebagai
pendukung utama
sistem informasi?
5
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
CPU

INPUT SECONDARY
DEVICES STORAGE

BUSES
OUTPUT COMMUNICATIONS
DEVICES DEVICES

PRIMARY
STORAGE
Software sebagai
pendukung utama
sistem informasi?
6
 SOFTWARE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM:
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• SCHEDULED COMPUTER
EVENTS
• ALLOCATES COMPUTER
HARDWARE RESOURCES MONITORS
EVENTS

LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS:
• INTERPRETERS
• COMPILERS

UTILITY PROGRAMS:
• ROUTINE OPERATIONS
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: MANAGE DATA
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN;
COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++;
FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES
MULTIPROGRAMMING
TRADITIONAL SINGLE- MULTIPROGRAMMING
PROGRAM SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT

PROGRAM 1
OPERATING SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEM
PROGRAM 1 PROGRAM 2

PROGRAM 3

UNUSED MEMORY UNUSED MEMORY

Database sumber
informasi?

7
 COMPONENTS OF DATA WAREHOUSE

OPERATIONAL,
HISTORICAL DATA
DATA WAREHOUSE

EXTRACT, DATA
INTERNAL TRANSFORM ACCESS &
ANALYSIS
DATA
SOURCES
QUERIES &
REPORTS
INFORMATION
DIRECTORY OLAP
DATA MINING
EXTERNAL
DATA
SOURCES
Kenapa Informasi bisa
dikomunikasikan?

8
ORBITING SATELLITES

MICROWAVE
TRANSMISSION

UPLINK
DOWNLINK
Apa itu Internet?

9
 INTERNET ADDRESS

http://www.prenhall.com/laudon
PROTOCOL FOR THE
WEB EXTENSION

HOST
COMPUTER DIRECTORY

DOMAIN NAME
 EXTRANET
DATABASES
CUSTOMER

SUPPLIER INTERNET FIREWALL SERVER

BUSINESS
PARTNER
CLIENTS
Tahapan
Perencanaan
Sistem Informasi?
10
 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
CORE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IDENTIFY PROBLEM(S)

SPECIFY SOLUTIONS
ESTABLISH INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS

SYSTEMS DESIGN CREATE LOGICAL DESIGN SPECS

CREATE PHYSICAL DESIGN SPECS
MANAGE TECHNICAL REALIZATION OF SYSTEM

PROGRAMMING TRANSLATE DESIGN SPECS INTO

PROGRAM CODE
 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
CORE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

TESTING UNIT TEST

SYSTEMS TEST
ACCEPTANCE TEST

CONVERSION PLAN CONVERSION

PREPARE DOCUMENTATION
TRAIN USERS & TECHNICAL STAFF

PRODUCTION & OPERATE SYSTEM

MAINTENANCE EVALUATE SYSTEM
MODIFY SYSTEM
Apa Cost dan
Benefit dari Sistem
Informasi?
11
COSTS & BENEFITS:
COSTS:
♦ HARDWARE
♦ SOFTWARE
♦ SERVICES
♦ PERSONNEL
*
COSTS & BENEFITS:
TANGIBLE BENEFIT:
♦ INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY
♦ LOW OPERATING COSTS
♦ REDUCED WORK FORCE
♦ LOWER COMPUTER EXPENSES
♦ LOWER VENDOR COSTS
♦ LOWER CLERICAL/PROFESSIONAL COSTS
♦ REDUCED GROWTH OF EXPENSES
♦ REDUCED FACILITY COSTS
*
COSTS & BENEFITS:
INTANGIBLE BENEFIT:
♦ IMPROVED ASSET USE; RESOURCE
CONTROL; PLANNING
♦ INCREASED FLEXIBILITY
♦ MORE TIMELY INFORMATION
♦ INCREASED LEARNING
♦ ATTAIN LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
♦ ENHANCED EMPLOYEE GOODWILL, JOB
SATISFACTION, DECISION MAKING,
OPERATIONS
♦ HIGHER CLIENT SATISFACTION
♦ BETTER CORPORATE IMAGE
*
Hubungan
Pengetahuan dan
Informasi?
12
 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT &
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SHARE DISTRIBUTE
KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE
NETWORKS PROCESSORS

GROUP OFFICE
COLLABORATION AUTOMATION
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS

ARTIFICIAL KNOWLEDGE
INTELLIGENCE WORK
DATABASES SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

CAPTURE,
CODIFY CREATE
KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE
DECISION
SUPPORT
SYSTEM?
13
 DECISION SUPPORT
SYSTEM

DSS DATA EXTERNAL

TPS DATA
BASE

♦ TPS: Transaction
processing system
♦ MODEL:
Representation of a
problem
DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEM ♦ OLAP: On-line
MODELS analytical processing
USER
♦ USER INTERFACE:
INTERFACE OLAP TOOLS How user enters
problem & receives
DATAMINING TOOLS answers
♦ DSS DATABASE:
Current data from
applications or groups
USER *
Flowchart
symbol?

14
SYSTEM FLOWCHART SYMBOLS:

INPUT/OUTPUT PROCESS MAGNETIC TAPE

PUNCHED CARD MANUAL OPERATION ON-LINE STORAGE

DOCUMENT
DATABASE

ON-LINE INPUT

ON-LINE DISPLAY TELECOMMUNICATIONS LINK

 SYSTEM FLOWCHART:
HUMAN
RESOURCES PAYROLL
DATA TIME CARDS MASTER

LOAD &
VALIDATE

PAYROLL SYSTEM
VALID TRANS-
ACTIONS PAYROLL
MASTER

COMPARE & UPDATE

PAYROLL UPDATED
REPORTS & DIRECT GENERAL
PAYROLL
CHECKS DEPOSITS LEDGER
MASTER
ETHICAL, SOCIAL
& POLITICAL
ISSUES?

15
 ETHICAL, SOCIAL & POLITICAL ISSUES

INFORMATION POLITICAL ISSUES PROPERTY

RIGHTS & RIGHTS &
OBLIGATIONS OBLIGATIONS
SOCIAL ISSUES

ETHICAL ISSUES

INFORMATION
&
TECHNOLOGY

INDIVIDUAL
ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM
& CONTROL QUALITY
SOCIETY

POLITY

QUALITY OF LIFE
Mengelola Sistem
Informasi Global?

16
 INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS INFRASTRUCTURE

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT: BUSINESS DRIVERS & CHALLENGES

CORPORATE GLOBAL STRATEGIES

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

MANAGEMENT & BUSINESS PROCEDURES

TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM

INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFRASTRUCTURE

 GLOBAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
CONFIGURATIONS

STRATEGY
SYSTEM DOMESTIC MULTI- TRANS-
CONFIGURATION EXPORTER NATIONAL FRANCHISER NATIONAL
CENTRALIZED X

DUPLICATED X

DECENTRALIZED x X x

NETWORKED x X

X : DOMINANT PATTERN x : EMERGING PATTERN

The end of the
lesson of MIS