Common-Collector & Common-Base Amp.

Pictures are redrawn (with some modifications) from Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits By Robert T. Paynter

Chapter 10 Other BJT Amplifiers

Objectives
Perform a complete dc analysis of an emitter follower. Describe the use of the emitter follower as a current amplifier and as a buffer. Perform a complete dc analysis of a commonbase amplifier. Describe the use of the common-base amplifier as a voltage amplifier and a buffer. List the overall gain and impedance characteristics of all commonly used BJT amplifiers.

Fig 10.1 The emitter follower (commoncollector amplifier). DC Analysis:

1. Convert voltage divider circuit to its corresponding Thevenin equivalent circuit:

Vth = VCC

R2 R1 + R2
2. Find IB and IE.

Rth = R1 P R2 IB = Vth 0.7V Rth + ( hFE + 1) RE

I E = ( hFE + 1) I B

3. Check VCEQ whether the transistor is active or not.

VCEQ = VCC I E RE

Fig 10.2 Example 10.1.

Step 1:
Vth = VCC R2 20k = 10V = 5V R1 + R2 20k + 20k Rth = R1 P R2 = 20k P20k = 10k

Step 2:
IB = = Vth 0.7V Rth + ( hFE + 1) RE

5V 0.7V = 5.621A 10k + 151 5k I E = ( hFE + 1) I B = 151 5.621A = 848.8A

Step 3:
VCEQ = VCC I E RE = 10V 848.8A 5k = 5.756V
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Fig 10.3 Example 10.2.

Derive and draw the dc load line for the circuit shown in Figure 10.2.
I C ( sat ) VCC 10V = = = 2mA RE 5k

VCE (off ) = VCC = 10V

Fig 10.5 Emitter follower and its ac equivalents.

Av =

vout r = E vin re + rE

( rE ? re)

Ai of CC Amp.
From CE amp.,

Z in rC Ai = h fe Z in(base) RL
So for CC amp.,

( rC = RC PRL )

Z in rE Ai = h fc Z in(base) RL
where

( rE = RE PRL )

h fc = h fe + 1 (from Appendix C) Z in(base) = h fc (re + rE ) h fe (re + rE ) Z in = R1 P R2 PZ in(base)

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Example 10.5.
Determine the input impedance of the amplifier shown in Figure 10.5a. Assume that the value of hfe for the transistor is listed on the spec sheet as 220.
VB = VCC R2 33k = 12V = 6.828V R1 + R2 25k + 33k

VE = VB 0.7V = 6.828V 0.7V = 6.128V IE = re = VE 6.128V = = 3.064mA RE 2k 25mV 25mV = = 8.16 IE 3.064mA rE 1.429k = = 0.9943 re + rE 1.437k Z in(base) = h fc (re + rE ) = ( h fe + 1) (re + rE ) = 2211.437k = 317.5k Z in = R1 P R2 PZ in(base) = 25k P33k P317.5k = 13.61k
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rE = RE P RL = 2k P5k = 1.429k Av =

Zout of CC Amp.
h fc = h fe + 1 h fe hrc = 1 hre 1 hic = hie hoc = hoe

Z out

Rin = RE P re + = RE h fc

Rin P re + h + 1 fe
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where

= RS P R1 PR2 Rin

Fig 10.6 Example 10.6.

Determine the output impedance (Zout) of the amplifier shown in Figure 10.6.
re = hie hic 4k = = = 20 h fe + 1 h fc 200

= R1 P R2 P RS Rin = 3k P4.7k P600 = 451.9 Z out Rin = RE P re + h fc 451.9 = 390 P 20 + 200 = 21.06

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Applications for CC Amp.

Current amplifier (Av 1) Buffer a circuit used to compensate for an impedance mismatch between a source and its load

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Fig 10.12 Using a buffer to overcome an impedance mismatch.

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Fig 10.14 Darlington emitterfollower. (1)

DC Analysis:
IE2 VB1 2VBE = RE

I E1 IE2 I B1 = , IB2 = hFC1 hFC 2 Rin 2 = hFC 2 ( re2 + RE ) hFC 2 RE Rin1 = hFC1 (re1 + Rin 2 ) hFC1 Rin 2 = hFC1hFC 2 RE

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Fig 10.14 Darlington emitterfollower. (2)

AC Analysis:
Z in(base) = hic1 + h fc1 ( hic 2 + h fc 2 rE )
Z in = R1 P R2 PZin(base) Z out
= R1 P R2 P RS Rin
rE = RE P RL

/ h fc1 ) re1 + ( Rin = RE P re2 + h fc 2 Z in rE Z in(base) RL

Ai = h fc1h fc 2

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Fig 10.16 Typical commonbase amplifier.

Emitter bias

Voltage-divider bias

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Fig 10.17 The common-base ac equivalent circuit.

vout ic rC rC Av = = vin ie re re

iout vout / RL rC ( RE Pre) Ai = = iin vin / ( RE Pre) re RL RC RL 1 RE re 1 RC RE = ( RC + RL ) re ( RE + re) RL ( RC + RL ) ( RE + re) RC RC + RL

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Z in = re P RE re
Z out = RC P 1 RC hob

Fig 10.18 Example 10.10.

Determine the gain and impedance values for the circuit shown in Figure 10.18.
Z in re = 75.58 Z out RC = 10k rC = RC P RL = 10k P5.1k = 3.377k r 3.377k Av = C = = 44.69 re 75.58 = 0.7V + 5V = 330.8A 13k
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IE = re =

0.7V ( VEE ) RE

25mV 25mV = = 75.58 IE 330.8A

Common-Base Applications
Voltage amplification without current gain High-frequency applications (more common)

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BJT Amplifiers: A Summary

CE Av Ai Ap Zin Zout Midrange Midrange High Midrange Midrange CC* <1 Midrange Midrange High Low Darlington CC <1 Extremely high High Extremely high Low CB Midrange <1 Midrange Low High

*Another name for CC is emitter follower.

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Summary
The emitter-follower (commoncollector amplifier.) Emitter-follower ac analysis. Emitter-follower applications. Darlington emitter-follower. The common-base amplifier and their applications.
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