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wd k i f ;&i f ;om;pnf ;vH k ;nD G wf rI rNyd KuG J a&; ' dkYt a&;
t csKyf t jcmt mP mwnf wH h cd k i f NrJ a&; ' dkYt a&;
jynfolUoabmxm;
jynf yt m;ud k ; yk qd ef d k ; t qd k ;jri f 0g' D rsm;t m; qef Y usi f Mu/
Ed k i f i H awmfwnf Ni d rf at ;csrf ;a&;ES i f hEd k i f i H awmfwd k ;wuf a&;
ud kaES mi f h , S uf zsuf qD ;ol rsm;t m; qef Y usi f Mu/
Ed k i f i H awmf \ jynf wG i f ;a&;ud k0i f a&muf pG uf zuf aES mi f h , S uf
aomjynf yEd k i f i H rsm;t m; qef Y usi f Mu/
jynfwGi f;jynfy t zsuform;rsm;t m; bHk&efolt jzpf
owf rS wf acsrI ef ;Mu/
Ed k i f i H a&; OD ;wnf csuf(4) &yf
^ Edki fi HawmfwnfNi drfa&; &yf&Gmat ;csrf;om, ma&;ESi fhw&m;
Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;/
^ t rsKd;om; jyefvnfpnf;vHk;nDGwfa&;/
^ cdki frmonfhzGJUpnf;yHkt ajccHOya' opfjzpfay:vma&;/
^ jzpfay:vmonfhzGJUpnf;yHkt ajccHOya' opfESi fht nDacwfrD
zGHUNzdK; wdk;wufaomEdki fi Hawmfopfwpf&yfwnfaqmufa&;/
pD ;yGm;a&; OD ;wnf csuf(4) &yf
^ pdkufysKd;a&;udkt ajccH t jcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;udkvnf;
bufpHkzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufat mi fwnfaqmufa&;/
^ aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfyDjyi fpGmjzpfay:vma&;/
^ jynfwGi f;jynfyrSt wwfynmESi fht &i f;t ESD;rsm;zdwfac:
pD ;yG m;a&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufat mi fwnfaqmufa&;/
^ Edki fi HawmfpD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;udkzefwD;Edki frIpGrf;t m;onf
Edki fi HawmfESi fhwdki f;&i f;om;jynfolwdkY\ vuf0, ffwGi f&Sda&;/
vl rI a&; OD ;wnf csuf(4) &yf
^ wpfrsKd;om;vHk;\ pdwf"mwfESi fht usi fhpm&dwjri fhrm;a&;/
^ t rsKd;*kP f?Zmwd*kP fjri fhrm;a&;ESi fh, Ofaus;rIt arGt ESpfrsm;?
t rsKd;om;a&;vuP mrsm; raysmufysufat mi fxdef;odrf;
apmi fha&Smufa&;/
^ rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf&Si foefxufjrufa&;/
^ wpfrsKd;om;vHk; usef;rmBuHUcdki fa&;ESi fhynm&nfjri fhrm;a&;/
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b@ma&;ES i f h t cG ef 0ef BuD ;Xme?jynf wG i f ;t cG ef rsm; OD ;pD ;Xme\
t "d uwm0ef rS mEd k i f i H awmf u ES pf pOf jy|mef ;ay;onf h]Ed k i f i H awmf \
b@mai Gt &- t oHk;qkdi f&mOya' }ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESi fht nD
Ekdi fi Hawmft mP mydki ft zGJUt pnf;rsm;?0efBuD;Xmersm;ESi fhOD;pD;Xme
rsm;\ &ai Gyd k i f ;wGi f azmf jyyg&S d aomt cGef t aumuf(15) rsKd ;t euf
at mufazmfjyygt cGef(5) rsKd;udkoufqkdi f&mOya' ?enf;Oya' ?
pnf;rsOf;?vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;?TefMum;csufrsm;ESi fht nDt jynfht 0
aumuf cH &&S d a&;t wG ufaqmi f &G uf &ygonf / 4i f ;t cG ef(5) rsKd ;rS m-
(u) 0i f ai G cG ef
(c) t jrwf cG ef
(*) uk ef oG , f vk yf i ef ;cG ef
(C) wH qd yf acgi f ;cG ef
(i ) at mi f bmavod ef ;qk cG ef
wk d Y jzpf ygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; ed'gef; ,
0i fai GcGefESi fht jrwfcGefwkdYrSm]0i fai GESi fhydki fqkdi frIt ay:wGi f
aumufcHonhft cGeft aumuf}acgi f;pOfBuD;at mufwGi fyg0i fNyD;
wk d uf d k uf cG ef t rsKd ;t pm;jzpf ygonf /
ukefoG, fvkyfi ef;cGef?wHqdyfacgi f;cGefESi fhat mi fbmav
od ef ;qk cG ef wk d Y rS m]jynf wG i f ;xG uf uk ef ES i f h jynf ol jynf om;rsm; oH k ;pG J rI
t ay:wGi f aumufcHonfht cGeft aumuf} acgi f;pOfBuD;
at muf wGi fyg0i f NyD ; oG, f 0k d uf cGef t rsKd ;t pm; jzpf ygonf /
jynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;OD;pD;Xmeu wm0ef, laumufcH&onfh
t cGef(5) rsKd ;t euf(4) rsKd ;rS mOya' rsm;?enf ;Oya' rsm;?pnf ;rsOf ;
rsm;jzi fhaumufcHvsuf&Sdaomfvnf;?at mi fbmavodef;qkcGefrSm
wnfqJOya' ?enf;Oya' ?pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;jy|mef;jci f;jzi fh
aumuf cH jci f ;rsKd ;r[ k wf bJ ?aps;uG uf pD ;yG m;a&;pepf t &Ed k i f i H awmf \
t usKd;i Sm?pD;yGm;a&;qefqefvkyfudki faqmi f&Guf&aomvkyfi ef;
jzpfaomaMumi fht xuft zGJUt pnf;rsm;\ vrf;Tefcsufrsm;ukd
vk yf i ef ;vrf ;T ef t jzpfcH , l umvk d uf emaqmi f &G uf vsuf &S d ygonf /
pmt kyfwGi fat mi fbmavodef;qkcGefaumufcHonfh
at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ\ wa&GUa&GUajymi f;vJrIjzpfpOfwpf&yf
vH k ;ud kBuKd ;yrf ;pk aqmi f ;&&S d cJh orQpk pnf ;wi f jyrnfjzpf ygonf /
]a&S U wpf ac:arQmf Munh f ?aemuf wpf vH jyef Munf h }[ l aomqk d d k ;
pum;wpfck&Sdygonf/ jrefrmEkdi fi HwGi fat mi fbmavodef;qk
ay:ayguf cJh onf rS mt ES pf(70) ausmf H k yi f &S d ygao;onf /vl Y abmi f
ork d i f ;ES i f hEI d i f ;pmvQi ft ES pf(70) ausmfonfwpf vH rQyi f r&S d Ek d i f acs/
okdY&mwGi fxkdt ESpf(70) ausmft wGi f;yi fat mi fbmavESi fh
ywfoufonfha&S;OD;t prSwfwrf;rSwf&mwkdYrSm' kwd, urmppf
t wGi f;u ysufonfuysuf?aysmufonfuaysmufjzpfcJh\ / Xme
wpf ck \ t aMumi f ; t usKd ;wk d Y ud kvuf vS rf ;rD orQ&S mazGpk aqmi f ;
okawoejyKumrSwfwrf;wi fxm; xkdufygonf/ t opft opf
wk d Y ud kwD xG i f zef wD ;rnf qk d vQi fEd k i f i H wumpH EI ef ;rsm;ud kavh vm&rnf
jzpf ouJ h ok d Yt a[ mi f ;wk d Y ud k vnf ; jyef vnf avh vmoH k ;oyfqi f jci f
&rnfjzpfygonf/ raumi f;aomt a[ mi f;wkdYudkypfy, f&rnf
jzpfaomfvnf; aumi f;aeqJ?, aeYwkdi facwfrDaeqJt a[ mi f;
wkdYudkwkdufdkufaomfvnf;aumi f;?rGrf;rH aomfvnf;aumi f;
quf vuf oH k ;pG J &rnfjzpf ygonf / xk d Y t jyi f, ci f uBuKH awG U cJ h zl ;onf h
qd k ;jypf rsm;ud k vnf ; owd jyKa&S mi f &S m;Ed k i f rnf jzpf ygonf / ok d Y jzpf yg
at mi fbmavxDESi fhywfoufonfht aMumi f;jci f;&mwkdYudkvnf;
pk pnf ; ok awoe jyKumrS wf wrf ;wi f xm;&ef t a&;BuD ;ygonf /
&nf &G , f csuf
at mi f bmavxD ord k i f ;jyKpk &mwG i ft "d ut m;jzi f h&nf &G , f csuf
oH k ;ck &S d ygonf / 4i f ;wk d Y rS m-
at mifbmavxDordkif; ,
(u) , aeY acwf ES i f ht vS rf ;a0;oGm;NyD jzpf aomya' o&mZf
acwfxD zGi h f yGJrsm;?ud k vk d eD acwf ?*syef acwfxD zGi h f yGJrsm;
ESi fhywfouf t csuft vufrsm; &SmazGpkaqmi f;
xd ef ;od rf ; wi f jy&ef ?
(c) at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J \ wa&GU a&G Uajymi f ;vJ jci f ;
jzpf pOf ud kod &S d Ed k i f Muap&ef ES i f h
(*) , aeYacwfat mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ\ vkyfi ef;
aqmi f wmrsm;ud kjynf ol t rsm;us, f jyef Y pG mod &S d Ed k i f Mu
ap&ef
wk d Y jzpf ygonf /
e, f ed rd wf owf rS wf jci f ;
t aMumi f ;t &mwpf ck ES i f h ywf ouf usrf ;wpf apmi fa&;om;
jyKpk rnf qk d vQi fe, f ed rd wf rowf rS wf ygu jyKpk a&;om;&rnf he, f y, f
rS mt opf t opf wk d Yjzpf ay:jci f ;aMumi f ht qH k ;r&S dus, f 0ef ;rnfjzpf yg
onf / xk d Y aMumi f hat mi f bmavxD ord k i f ;jyKpk &ef t wGufe, f ed rd wf
owfrSwf&efvkdt yfygonf/ ordki f;udkjrefrmEdki fi Hya' o&mZf
acwf?udkvkdeDacwf?*syefacwfwkdY xDzGi fhyGJrsm; usi f;ycJhyHkrSp
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; yxrqHk;t Budrf zGi hfvSpfcJhonfht Budrf
(20) ajrmufxDzGi hfyGJt xdt ao;pdwfwi fjyrnfjzpfygonf/
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J \ wa&GU a&G U ajymi f ;vJ rI jzpf pOf ES i f h, aeY
acwfvk yf i ef ;aqmi f wmrsm;ES i f h pyf vsOf ; 2009 ck ES pf ?Zef e0g&D(1)
&uf aeY wG i f zG i f h vS pf onf ht Bud rf(240) ajrmuf200 usyf wefat mi f
bmavod ef ;qk zG i f h yG J t xde, f ed rd wfowf rS wf wi f jyrnf jzpf ygonf /
vk yf enf ;vk yf [ ef
usrf;wpfapmi fjzpfajrmufvma&;wGi ft aMumi f;t csuf
pkaqmi f;jci f;?pkaqmi f; &orQjzpfaomt aMumi f;t csufwkdYudk
ppf aq;avh vmjci f ;?xk d Y aemufpD pOf a&;om;jci f ;wk d Y rS mt "d ujzpf yg
onf/ at mi fbmavxDordki f;jyKpk&eft wGuft rsKd;om;pmMunhf
wkduf?&efukefwuodkvfrsm;A[ kdpmMunhfwkduf?&efukefynma&;
wuodkvfpmMunfhwkduf?pmayAdrmefpmMunhfwkdufwkdYrSxDESi fh
ywf ouf onf hpme, f Zi f ;wk d Y ud ki S m;&rf ;?zwf I ?rd w Lul ;, l jci f ;rsm;
jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ yef;qkd;wef;wpf0kdufpmaywkdufrsm;rSpmt kyfrsm;
0, f , l pk aqmi f ;jci f ;?pmt k yf jyyG J rsm;rS&S m;yg;pmt k yf rsm; acwi S m;&rf ;
zwfIcGi hf&&efaqmi f&Gufjci f;wkdYudkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ at mi f
bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J \ ES pf csKyf t pD &i f cH pmrsm;?H k ;wG i f ;t rd ef Y pmrsm;?
aMunmcsufrsm;?aMumfji mrsm;udkvnf; &SmazGpkaqmi f; avhvm
zwf I &ygonf / at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecGJ\ vk yf i ef ;aqmi f wm
ed'gef;
at mifbmavxDordkif; '
rsm;udkXmepk?Xmepdwft vkdufMunhfIavhvmar;jref;rSwfom;
&ygonf / xD vuf rS wf t a[ mi f ;rsm;ud k vnf ; &Ek d i f oa&GUpk aqmi f ;
avh vm&ygonf /
xDHk;wnf&SdcJh&mae&mrsm;?xDzGi fhyGJusi f;ycJh&mae&mrsm;ESi fh
, ci f acwf wd k Y u xD vuf rS wf rsm; yH k ES d yf cJh &mae&mrsm;ok d Yud k , f wk d i f
oGm;a&mufavhvmjci f;?a&S;OD;at mi fbmavESi fhywfoufonfh
t aMumi f;jci f;&mwkdYudkodrDaomyk*Kdvfrsm;xHcsOf;uyfar;jref;
rS wf wrf ;wi f jci f ;rsm; jyKvk yf &ygonf /
xkdYt jyi frsufarSmufacwfat mi fbmavodef;qkvufrSwf
t Bud rf pOf t a[ mi f ; t ajrmuf t jrm;ud kt oH k ;jyKvsufxD vuf rS wf
\ zG J U pnf ;yH k ud kaoaocsmcsm*CeP od &S d Ed k i f ap&efvuf awG Uavh vm
qef ;ppf rI rsm; jyKvk yf ygonf /
pkaqmi f;&&SdorQt aMumi f;t csuft vufrsm;udkt vsm;
vkdufcsOf;uyfjci f;enf; (Horizontal Approach)?axmi fvkduf
csOf ;uyf jci f ;enf ; (Vertical Approach) wk d Y jzi h favh vmqef ;ppf ?
cG J jcrf ;pd wf jzmjci f ; (Analysis)?zG J U pnf ;jci f ; (Synthesis) ES i f ht uJ jzwf
jci f ; (Evaluation) wk d Y ud kjyKvk yf vsufat mi f bmavxD ord k i f ;ud k
a&;om;jyKpk ygonf /
+ + + + +
z.. ,
z . :a : . a . .:.
]at mi f bmav}qk d onf rS m
a&S;a&S;jrefrmBuD;wkdYonfaqmi f&Guf&eft vGefcufcJonfh
uk od k vf aumi f ;rI ud p &yfwpf ck ck ud kat mi f jri f pG maqmi f &G uf Ed k i f onf h
t cgat mi f t wd wfat mi f ed rd wf aqmi f onf haw;oD csi f ;wpf yk ' f ud k
aysmf &T i f 0rf ;ajrmuf pG musL;&i f h [ pf a<u;avh &S d ygonf / xk d aw;oD csi f ;
rS m]at mi f ygav oajyyef ;ES i f ha&csrf ;ud k avmi f ;}[ l jzpf ygonf /
4i f ;aw;oD csi f ;onfrnf onf h acwf u pwi f ay:ayguf vmcJh onf
[ kwduspGmrqkdEdki faomfvnf; acwft qufqufrsKd;qufcsi f;
vufqi fhurf; oDqkdcJhMuonfht axmuft xm;rsm; awGU&Sd&yg
onf /
1136 ck ES pf ?waygi f ;vjynf h(1775 ck ES pf ?rwf15 &uf ) Ak ' [ l ;
aeY u a&T wd *k H apwD awmf jrwf BuD ;t m; qi f jzL&S i fajr' l ;ri f ; wi fv
cJhaomxD;awmfBuD;rSma[ mi f;EGrf;aeNyDjzpfojzi fhxD;awmft opf
wi f v &efri f ;wk ef ;ri f ; qE awmf jzpf ay:vsuf &S d onf / t *Fvd yf wk d Y
at mifbmavxDordkif; t "d y m, f zG if h qd k csuf rsm;
ydki feuft wGi f; usa&mufaeNyDjzpfaomat mufjrefrmjynfwGi f
wnf&Sdonfha&Twd*HkapwDawmfjrwfBuD;t m; ri f;wkef;ri f;BuD;\
qEawmfESi hft nDxD;awmfopfwi fvEdki fa&;t wGufjrefrm
wpf rsKd ;om;vH k ; t k ef ;t k ef ;uRuf uRufyg0i f umcuf cuf cJcJBuKd ;yrf ;
aqmi f &G uf cJ h &ygonf /
qi fjzL&Si fri f; wi fvcJhaomxD;awmfa[ mi f;udk1233 ckESpf?
ewf awmf vqef ; 5 &uf(1871 ck ES pf ?Ed k 0i f bm14 &uf ) wGi fpwi f
yi f h cs, l &mewf awmf vqef ; 9 &uf(Ed k 0i f bm18 &uf ) wGi f&i f jyi f
awmf ay:ok d Ya&muf &S d onf h t cgwG i f vnf ;aumi f ;?ri f ;wk ef ;ri f ;BuD ;\
aumi f ;rI awmfxD ;awmf opf BuD ;ud kt *Fvd yf wk d Y t vk d us1233 ck ES pf ?
ewf awmf vqef ; 10 &uf(1871 ck ES pf ?Ek d 0i f bm19 &uf ) we*F aEG aeY
wGi f wi f v &mpuf BuKd ;jywf oGm;ojzi f hat mi f jri f pGmwi f v Ek d i f jci f ;
r&SdbJewfawmfvqef; 12 &uf(Ekd0i fbm21 &uf) ri f;wkef;ri f;
w&m;BuD;\ arG;eHawmft *FgaeYwGi frSxD;awmfBuD;\ yxrbHkudk
at mi fjri fpGmwi fvEdki fonfht cgwGi fvnf;aumi f;?Edk0i fbm26
&uf aeYxD ;awmf BuD ; wi f v NyD ;pD ;onf t xd vnf ;aumi f ;?&i f jyi f awmf
jynfhrQwufa&mufylaZmfvsuf&SdonfhAk' bmomjrefrmvlrsKd;
y&d owf \ ajcmuf yH k i g;yH k cef Y rS m]at mi f ygav oajyyef ;ES i f ha&csrf ;ud k
avmi f;}[ laomoDcsi f;udkaysmf&Ti f0rf;ajrmufpGmoDqdkuckef
MuaMumi f ; a&T wd *H k apwD awmf BuD ;\ ork d i f ;rS wf wrf ;wk d Y wGi fazmf jy
yg&S d ygonf /
, aeY acwf wk d i fujyaeqJjzpf aomck epf axGt uwGi ft u
wpfrsKd;ESi fhwpfrsKd; t ul;t ajymi f; wD;aomwD;vHk;rSmat mi f
t wdwfat mi fedrdwfaqmi fonfh]at mi fygavoajyyef;ESi fh
a&csrf ;ud k avmi f ;}[ l aomoD csi f ;wD ;vH k ;yi fjzpf ygonf /
aqmi f&Guf&efcufcJonfhukodkvfaumi f;rIudp&yfwpfck
at mi f jri f vQi f]at mi f ygav}[ kusL;&i f h aomt avh t x jref rm
wk d Y wG i fpG J NrJ vmcJ h onf /
xkdrSquf rnfonfhaumi f;rIudp&yfrqkdaqmi f&Guf
at mi f jri f NyD qk d vQi f]at mi f ygav}[ kajymqk d MuNrJjzpf awmh onf /
xkdYt jyi f&yf&GmwkdYwGi fr[ m' kufrJrsm;?pma&;wHrJrsm;?uHprf;rJrsm;
azmuf Mu&m t jri h f qH k ; yxrqk ud kqG wf cl ;&&S d vQi fuH prf ;rJ ayguf ol
emrnf ES i f h wGJ ]at mi f ygav}[ kaMunmavh&S d ygonf / (Oyrm-
rusi f a&T- at mi f ygav/)
aemufydki f;wGi fuHprf;rJzGi hfrnf?pma&;wHrJEIdufMurnf[ kyi f
ajymqkdjci f; rjyKMuawmhbJ]at mi fygav zGi fhrnf}[ kyi fajymqkd
Muawmh onf /
1938 ck ES pf ?ZG ef v (1) &uf aeY wG i fjref rmEk d i f i H awmft pk d ;&xD H k ;
ud kpwi f wnf axmi f 1938 ck ES pf ?ZGef v (13) &uf aeY wGi fpwi f
a&mi f ;csaomyxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rfxD vuf rS wf rsm;\ aemuf ausmyg
pnf;urf;csufrsm; ]xDzGi hfrnfh&uf}[ kazmfjyjci f;rjyKbJ ]1300
at mifbmavxDordkif; .~ ..
jynh f ?oD wi f ;uRwf vqk wf3 &ufat mi f ygavzGi h f rnf/}[ kazmf jy
xm;ygonf /
ok d Y &mwGi f, aeY ]at mi f ygav}[ ka&;om;jci f ;rjyKawmh bJ
]at mi fbmav}[ koma&;om;MuonfudkawGU&Sd&ygonf/
]at mi f ygav}rS]at mi f bmav}ok d Yajymi f ;vJ oG m;yH k ud kjref rmo' g
usrf ;rsm; ud kt ud k ;t um;jyK at muf wGi f azmf jyygrnf /
jrefrmAsnf;wkdYudkat mufygt wkdi f; nDnmvSypGma&;om;
xm;onf ud kawG U &S d Ek d i f ygonf /
u c * C i
p q Z ps n
# X ! P
w x ' " e
y z A b r
, & v 0 o
[ V t
t xuf ygZ, m;wG i fpmwk d i f(5) ck ES i f ht wef ; (7) ckyg&S d ygonf /
4i f ;wk d Y rS' k wd , ?wwd , ES i f hpwk w pmwk d i f wd k Y ES i f hwwd , t wef ;wk d Y ud k
y, f usef &S d aomyxrES i f hy rpmwk d i f wd k Y rSt u &mrsm;uk d omjref rm
t owf ppf ppf rsm;t jzpfa&;om;Ed k i f ygonf / Oyrm- ]rk cf }ud k' k wd ,
wkdi f&SdcauG;t u&mt owfjzi fha&;om;xm;onfudkawGU&Sd&rnf
jzpfaomfvnf; 4i f;rSmjrefrmt owft ppfjzi fha&;om;xm;jci f;
r[ kwfacs/ ygVdbmom]rkc}udkjrefrmrIjyKum]rkcf}[ ka&;om;
xm;onf hygVd ouf a0g[ m&omjzpf ygonf /
jref rmpum; ajymqk d &mvnf ;aumi f ;?jref rmpm&Gwf zwf &m
vnf;aumi f; Asnf;oHajymi f;vJrI?o&oHajymi f;vJrIrsm; &Sdwwf
ygonf /
rnfonfht oHonfrnfonfht aMumi f;aMumi fhrnfuJhokdY
ajymi f;vJoGm;onfudk ordki f;rSwfwrf;wGi f jynhfpHkpGmazmfjy
Ed k i f rnf r[ k wf bJ]at mi f ygav}rS]at mi f bmav}ok d Yt qi h f qi f h
ajymi f ;vJ vmyH k ud k omt xl ;jyKwi f jyrnfjzpf ygonf /
jref rmt owf ppf(10) rsd K; (uf ?i f ?pf ?Of ?nf ?wf ?ef ?yf ?rf ?, f ) wGi f
oH&yft owf(4) rsdK; (uf?pf?wf?yf) aemuf&SdoHni f;Asnf;rsm;
(yxrES i f h' k wd , wk d i f wk d Y &S dAsnf ;rsm;)ud kqk d i f &moH jyi f ;Asnf ; (wwd ,
ES i f hpwk w wk d i f &S d Asnf ;rsm;) ok d Yt oH ajymi f ;vJ &G wf qk d avhr&S d ay/
oH&Snft owf(i f?f?nf?ef?rf?, f) ESi fhrlvo&aemuf&Sd
oHni f;Asnf;rsm;udkrl qkdi f&moHjyi f;Asnf;okdYt oHajymi f;vJ
&G wf qk d avh&S d ygonf /
at muf ygZ, m;wG i foH &yf t owf \ aemuf wG i fuyf ygvmaom
oH ni f ;Asnf ;rsm; t oHrajymi f ;vJ yH k ES i f hoH &S nf t owf \ aemuf wG i f
t "d y m, f zG if h qd k csuf rsm;
at mifbmavxDordkif; . .,
uyfygvmaomoHni f;Asnf;rsm;oHjyi f;okdYajymi f;vJyHkwkdYudkt oH
xG uf zwf umEI d i f ;, S Of Munh f Muapvk d ygonf /
]a&;awmht rSef?zwfawmht oH}[ laomqkddk;pum; &Sdji m;
aomfvnf; t oH\ aemufokdYt a&;t om;ygvkduf ajymi f;vJ
oG m;onf hom"ursm; &S d aeygonf /
vnfaom?usi faomt &mjzpfojzi fht euf&Sdonhft wkdi f;
]usi f }[ ka&;&rnf jzpf aomf vnf ; t oH xG uf onf h t wk d i f ; ]*si f }[ k
t oH pG J vnf ;aumi f ;?aumf &aomt &mjzpf ]aumf ?aumf jym;}[ k
t euf&Sdonfht wkdi f; a&;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; t oHxGufonfh
t wk d i f ; ]a*:?a*:jym;}[ kt oH pG J vnf ;aumi f ; a&;om;Muygonf /
xk d Y t wl]at mi f ygav}[ kt rS ef a&;om;jci f ;ud k]at mi f bm
av}[ kt oH xGuf Mu&mrS]at mi f ygav}ud k]at mi f bmav}[ k
t oH pGJumajymi f ;vJa&;om;Muojzi f h]at mi f bmav}[ kt a&;
wG i f vmcJ h jci f ; jzpf ygawmh onf /
xD qk d onf rS m
pG, f pH k usrf ;rsm;?t bd "mef rsm;ES i f hOya' pmt k yf rsm;ud kavh vm
&mwGi f]xD \ t "d y m, f zGi h f qk d csuf }ES i f hywf ouf at muf ygwk d Y ud k
awG U &S d &ygonf /
1971 ckESpfwGi fpmayAdrmefu wwd, t BudrfyHkESdyfxkwfa0
cJh aom]jref rmh pG, f pH k usrf ;?t wGJ- 5}pmrsuf ES m203 -
]xDqkdonfrSmuHprf;rJa&G;yGJwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
pi f ppf t m;jzi f ht pk d ;&cGi f h jyKrS zGi h f &aomaMumi f ht pk d ;&
t oH rajymi f ; t oH ajymi f ;
wuf Mu qi f ;Mu
opf puf qef puf
owf yH k oi f yH k
wyf awmf wnf wH h
opf yi f yef ;yi f
at muf yg at mi f yg
t xufygZ, m;udkt oHxGuf zwfIavhvmjci f;jzi fhoH&yf
t owf(4) rsKd ;\ aemuf wGi fuyf ygvmonf hoH ni f ;rsm; oH jyi f ;ok d Y
rajymi f ;vJ aMumi f ;uk d vnf ;aumi f ;?oH &S nf t owf wk d Y \ aemuf wG i f
uyfygvmaomoHni f;rsm; oHjyi f;odkYajymi f;vJaMumi f;udk
vnf ;aumi f ; xi f &S m;pG mawG U &rnfjzpf ygonf /
od k Y jzpf yg ]at mi f ygav}[ k &G wf qk d vQi foH &S nf t owf]i f }jzi f h
a&;om;xm;aom]at mi f }\ aemuf wGi fuyf vsuf &S d onf h]yg}ud k
oH ni f ;rSouf qk d i f &moH jyi f ;ok d Y ajymi f ; ]bm}[ k&Gwf qk d Muojzi f h
]at mi f bmav}[ kt oH xG uf Mujci f ; jzpf ygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; ., .
t odt rSwfjyKavmi f;upm;yGJwpfrsKd; jzpfonf/
xD vuf rS wf jzwf yd k i f ;rsm;ud kwef zk d ;owf rS wfa&mi f ;cs
a&mi f;&ai GrSoi fhavsmf&mt csKd;t qudkqkt jzpf
cGJa0umvuf rS wf ay:&S dt rS wf t om;*P ef ;rsm;ud k
rJzGi h f NyD ;aemufus&m*P ef ;yg&S d onf hvuf rS wf yd k i f &S i f
t m; qk ai GcsD ;jr i h f aompepfjzpf onf /
xD[ laompum;&yfrSmjrefrmpum;oufouf
[ kwf[ efrwlacs/ t *Fvdyfpum;\ t &i f;t jrpf
ok d Y r[ k wfwk wf pum;\ t &i f ;t jrpf rSjzpf onf [ k
qkdMuonf/ t *Fvdyfbmomjzi fhxDudkavmfx&D[ k
ac:&mrSavmf xDok d Y r[ k wfxD [ l a&G U avsmvmonf
[ kt , l &S d Muonf /}
[ kazmf jyxm;ygonf /
1951 ck ES pf wG i fAmericana Corporation u xk wf a0aom
The Encyclopedia Americana t wG J17 pmrsuf ES m634 -
LOTTERY, a public gambling scheme, by
which, for a valuable consideration, one
may by favor of the lot obtain a prize of a
value superior to the amount or value of
that which he risks."
1967 ckESpfwGi fEncyclopaedia Britannica , Inc. u
xk wf a0aomEncyclopaedia Britannica t wGJ 14 pmrsuf ES m
327 -
LOTTERY, a scheme for distribution of
prizes to be determined by chance, was re-
putedly an invention of the Romans. In its
usual form, tickets are sold bearing
different numbers. Duplicates are placed
in a drum or wheel from which winning num-
bers are drawn on a specified date.
Simon James jyKpk 1998 ck ES pf wG i fUnited Kingdom, Ed-
ward Elgar Publishing Limited u xk wf a0aomA Dictionary
of Taxation pmrsuf ES m107 -
National lottery. If conducted by, or on
behalf of, government a national lottery is
sometimes referred to as a type of tax. This
is partly because such lotteries are often
used to pay for public expenditure which
would otherwise be paid out of taxation
and partly because the odds are against
at mifbmavxDordkif; .' .
winning. As Adam Smith wrote in his book
The Wealth of Nations in 1776 (bk.I, ch.
X) : 'Adventure upon all the tickets in the
lottery,and you lose for certain; and the
greater the number of your tickets the
nearer you approach this certainty.'
jref rmpmt zGJU u 1991 ck ES pf ?puf wi f bmvwGi fyxrt Bud rf
yk H ES d yf xk wf a0cJ h aom]jref rmt bd "mef }pmrsuf ES m165 -
]xD ?e- t rS wf pOf a&;xk d ;xm;aomuH prf ;rJwpf rsKd ;/
vd yf - lottery}?
jrefrmpmt zGJUu 1998 ckESpfwGi fy rt BudrfyHkESdyfxkwfa0
cJ h aom]jref rm- t *F vd yft bd "mef(MYANMAR - ENGLISH
DICTIONARY) pmrsuf ES m195 -
]xD/ hti / n lottery. [Eng lottery]}
jrefrmpmt zGJUuyi f2001 ckESpf yxrt BudrfyHkESdyfxkwfa0
cJ h onf h]t *F vd yf - jref rmt bd "mef(ENGLISH - MYANMAR
DICTIONARY) }pmrsuf ES m819 wG i f -
Lottery / 'lotari / n 1/ [C] xD / at mi f bmav
a lottery ticket.
[ kt oD ;oD ; azmf jyxm;ygonf /
A S Hornby jyKpk 1989 ck ES pf wG i fOxford University Press
u yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhaomOXFORD ADVANCED
LEARNER'S DICTIONARY OF CURRENT ENGLISH
(Fourth Edition) pmrsuf ES m740 -
lot.tery / 'lotari / n 1 [C] way of raising
money by selling numbered tickets and
giving prizes to the holders of numbers se-
lected at random.
1963 ck ES pfBurma Law Reports (Chief Court) pmrsuf ES m
391 wG i fazmf jyxm;onf hTHE UNION OF BURMA V. M.E.
J OSEPH t rI pD &i f xH k ;-
The word lottery is not defined in any
statute. Its common meaning is an arrange-
ment for distributing prizes by chances.
[ krnfonfhOya' wGi frSxD[ laompum;vHk;udkt "dym, fzGi fhqdk
xm;jci f ;r&S d aMumi f ; azmf jycJ h ygonf /
1861 ck ES pf ?arv (1) &uf aeY u jy|mef ;cJh aom]jynf axmi f pk
jref rmEk d i f i H \ &mZowf BuD ;?}]yk ' f r 294- u?xD H k axmi f jci f ;}wGi f
vnf ;aumi f ;?1899 ck ES pfrwf v (10) &uf aeY wGi fxk wf jyef cJh aom
]1899 ck ES pf ?jref rmEk d i f i H awmfavmi f ;wrf ;upm;rI t uf Oya' }wG i f
at mifbmavxDordkif; .
.
vnf ;aumi f ;?1986 ck ES pf ?at muf wk d bmv (20) &uf aeY wG i fjy|mef ;
cJhaom]1986ckESpf?jynfolYvTwfawmfOya' t rSwf6}jzpfonfh
]avmi f;upm;Oya' }wGi fazmfjyyg&Sdonfhpum;&yfrsm; t "dym, f
zGi hfqkdcsufwGi fvnf;aumi f; ]xD}[ laompum;&yf\ t "dym, f
zG i f h qk d csufryg0i f aMumi f ; avh vmawG U &S d &ygonf /
t csKyft m;jzi fhqkdaomf]xD}[ laoma0g[ m&udkpG, fpHkusrf;
rsm;?t bd"mefrsm;u t oD;oD;t "dym, fzGi hfqkdxm;Muaomfvnf;
]xD}ESi fhoufqkdi fonfh]&mZowfBuD;?yk' fr 294- u}wGi f
vnf;aumi f;?]avmi f;upm;Oya' }wGi fvnf;aumi f;?i f;Oya'
yk' fr 23 jzi fhkyfodrf;cJhaom] 1899 ckESpf?jrefrmEkdi fi Hawmf
avmi f ;wrf ;upm;rI t uf Oya' }The Gambling Act,1899 wG i f
vnf;aumi f; wkdufdkuft "dym, fzGi hfqkdcsufazmfjyyg&Sdjci f; r&Sdyg
ao;aMumi f ; azmf jyt yf ygonf /
_ _ _ _ _
z.. ,
_..:s... a.....a a._.a:._...
1240 jynh f ES pfoD wi f ;uRwf vqef ; (6) &uf(1- 10- 1878)
aomMumaeYwGi foDaygri f; eef;wufawmfrlonf/ oDaygri f;
vuf xuf wG i ft *F vd yf t pk d ;&yd k i f euf jzpf aomat muf jref rmEd k i f i H
yk * vd u xD zG i h f jci f ;rsm; acwf pm;aeNyD jzpf onf / rE av;aejynf awmf
wG i f vnf ; wk wf vl rsKd ;wk d Y \ (36) aumi f xD zG i h f yG J rsm; ay:ayguf aeNyD
jzpf onf / jref rmEd k i f i H wG i foD aygri f ;vuf xuf rwk d i f rD uyi fuH prf ;rJ
zGi hfjci f; t avht x&SdcJhonf/ xDESi fht vm;wlrJcs&aompepfrsKd;
jzpf onf hpma&;wH rJ yG J rS ma&S ;ES pf aygi f ;rsm;pG muwnf ;u ay:xG ef ;cJ h NyD ;
0gacgi f v\ &moD yG J awmf t jzpfowf rS wf usi f ;yMuonf /
oDaygri f;eef;wufNyD; rMumrDwGi fxDoabmouf0i faom
t uG uf(60) cH k ud kwD xG i f cJ h onf / xk d cH k wG i f(1 rS60) t xd *P ef ;rsm;
yg0i f&mxDxkd;olu BudKuf&m*P ef;udkt uefYt owfr&Sdxkd;Edki f
onf / *P ef ; wpf uG uf vQi fwpf usyf jzpf a&mi f ;&ai G pk pk aygi f ;rS20
&mcd k i f EI ef ;ud kEk wf , l umusef ai G ud kat mi f bmav zG i f h ygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; ~ . jref rmEd k if iHwG ifoD aygrif ;vuf xufxD H k wnf axmif jcif ;
xD zG i h f yH k rS m(1 rS60) t xd*P ef ;rsm; t oD ;oD ;a&;om;xm;onf h
ayoD ;t vH k ; (60) ud kai G t k d ;wpf vH k ; wG i fxnf h vnf ;aumi f ;?Avm
ayoD ; (59) vH k ;ES i f ha&T ayoD ;wpf vH k ; pk pk aygi f ; ayoD ;t vH k ; (60) ud k
t jcm;ai Gt kd;wpfckxnhf vnf;aumi f; xm;&Sdygonf/ xkdYaemuf
uav;ES pf a, muf udkt k d ;wpf vH k ;pD rSayoD ;wpf vH k ;pDNyKd i f wl EI d uf , l
aponf/ a&TayoD;ESi fhwGJ xGufaom*P ef;onfat mi fbmav
*P ef ;jzpf onf / xk d *P ef ;xk d ;ol wk d Y t m; xD a&mi f ;&ai G pk pk aygi f ;rS20
&mckdi fEIef; EkwfNyD; usefai Gudkayguf*P ef;t a&t wGuft vkduf
t csKd ;uscGJa0ay;ygonf /
t uGuf(60) xDpepfwGi fxDwpfyGJ &&Sdrnfht cGefyrmP udk
aocsmpGmrcef Y rS ef ;Ed k i f ouJh ok d YxD xk d ;ol rsm; t aejzi f h vnf ; &&S d rnf h
qk ai G ud kaocsmpG mod &S d cef Y rS ef ;Ek d i f jci f ;r&S d ay/ rnf ol rQwG J zuf xk d ;jci f ;
r&S d onf h t uG uf ud kud k , f wpf a, muf wnf ;ayguf ygrSqk ai G rsm;rsm;
&rnf h pepf yi fjzpf onf / ok d Y &mwG i fol U acwf ES i f hol U t cg t uG uf(60)
xD xk d ;ol rsm; rsm;jym;NyD ; xD I H ;jci f ;ES i f h&i f qk d i f Mu&yH k ud k]xGuf ajrmuf
vG, fuGufajcmufq, fcHkxkdi fvkdY?rEdki faygi ft drfjyefcufw, f?
wuf wuf ajymi f I H ;}[ kpmcsKd ;avmuf at mi f yi fjzpf ygonf / t uG uf
(60) xD I H ;ol rsm;wG i fEd k i f i H ausmfZmwd rmef pmqk d awmf BuD ; t csKyf wef ;
q&mazyi fyg0i fcJhaMumi f; t Ni drf;pm;jrefrmpmygarmuOD;csrf;jr\
]t csKyf wef ;q&maz}pmt k yf wG i fazmf jyxm;ygonf /
wpfaeYaomt cgri f;wkef;ri f;w&m;BuD;ESi fhvi fyef;rdzk&m;
wkYdu zGm;jri faompvi f;pkzk&m;u uAsmpyfckdi f;vkd q&mazhxH
t ac: vT wf vk d uf &mq&mazu xD I H ;aeaomaMumi f ht d rf jyi f ok d Y yi f
rxGufbJae&ojzi fhxDa<u;rsm;qyfay;awmfrlyg&eft ac:awmf
rsm;rSwpfqi hfat mufygaw;xyfudka&;pyf pvi f;pkzk&m;xH
quf ovk d uf ygonf / aw;xyf wG i fxD I H ;aMumi f ;ud k omru t uG uf
ajcmuf q, f xD zG i h f aMumi f ;ud k yg avh vmawG U &S d Ed k i f ygonf /
xDIH;aMumi f;aw;xyf
vl jri f &i f&, f rNyKH ;csi f bl ;
rS D t H k ;rS marS muf um
xD I H ;vk d Yaemuf &m0, f
axmuf rn mt a&;/
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wpf yg;uRefxrf ;&G uf rnh f aw;/
aomu u t vG ef <u, f onf
pH ry, f&i f av;/
ck epf q, fwi f a<u;aMumi f h
b0i f aqG ; rom/
vH k ;ajcmuf q, fraoG zG i f h wmeJ Y
i azjzi f hajy;&rnf h wm/
aewpf yG i f hrav;n mud k
aw;uAsmpmquf vk d Y
t ouf y z0g;aemf
xrf ;&G uf rnf ajr mf /
' k u d w aqG ;Zmwf azmf w, f
a<u;qyf awmfrl t H k ;zsav;/
t uGuf(60) xDpepfudkxDxkd;olrsm;t zkdYxkd;vkdYomxkd;ae
&onf ?ayguf jyef vQi f vnf ; cG J a0, l &onf ?a<u;wi f jci f ;omt zwf
wi f onfponf jzi f hwpf pwpf p vl BuKd uf enf ;vmojzi f hk yf od rf ;cJ h &
onf / Ed k i f i H awmf t wGi f ; ol aX;t rsm; ay:xGef ;vmap&ef&nf &G, f
vnf;aumi f;?t cGefawmfwkd;ap&efo ar" t cGefawmfudk
t wi f;t usyfaumufcHjci f;xuft *Fvdyft pkd;&uJhokdYxDzGi hf
&mckdi fEIef;aumufcHjci f;u ydk t usKd;rsm;rnf[ k, lqojzi fh
vnf;aumi f; oDaygri f;w&m;onfxDHkrsm;zGi hfvSpfapcJhonf/
jrefrmwkdYonft *FvdyfwkdY\ xDpepfudkjrefrmou&mZf1144
(c&pfESpf1782) wGi feef;wufawmfrlaomt r&yl&a&Teef;oci f
bkd;awmfri f;w&m;BuD; vufxufawmfuwnf;u Ekdi fi Hjcm;om;
rsm;ES i f huk ef ul ;oef ;quf oG , f cJ h &mrSod &S d cJ h Mujci f ; jzpf onf /
usuf oa&aqmi f a&T pvG , f &0ef axmuf ri f ; OD ;armi f armi f wi f
(1) K.S.M., A.T.M. pk aqmi f ;a&;om; jyKpk aom]uk ef ;abmi f quf
r[ m&mZ0i f awmf BuD ; (wwd , wG J )}wG i foD aygri f ;w&m;vuf xuf
xD H k rsm; wnf axmi f cJ h yH k ES i f hk yf od rf ;cJ h yH k rsm; azmf jyyg&S d ygonf /
1240 jynhfESpf?waygi f;v (1879?rwf) wGi fa&TNrdKUawmf
aemuf jyi faps;BuKd BuD ;awmi f buf axmi f h, ck t ac: csrf ;at ;ompH
Nrd KU e, f ?(84) vrf ;t aemuf buf jcrf ;?(28) vrf ;ES i f h(29) vrf ;Mum;?
aps;csKd awmfawmi f buf wG i fwnf &S d onf hud k ;cef ;t k wf wk d uf BuD ;wG i f
xD H kaxmi f cJ h ygonf / a' guf wmoef ;xG ef ; ul nD jyKpk onf hOD ;wd u "r m
vuFm&\ ]jrefrm&ufpGJordki f; (ukef;abmi fquf)}wGi f]1240?
waygi f ;vqef ; 1 (20-2-1879) Mumoyaw;}[ l vnf ;aumi f ;?
a' guf wmoef ;xG ef ;\ ]e, f vS nf h &mZ0i f(' k wd , wG J ) rE av;&uf pOf
ord k i f ;}wGi f]1240?waygi f ;vqef ; 6 &uf(25- 2- 1879)}[ l
vnf ;aumi f ; azmf jyxm;ygonf /
xDvufrSwfaygi f; t apmi f12000 dkufESdyf vufrSwf
wpfapmi fvQi fai G' *Fg;i g;usyfjzi fha&mi f;csonf/ xDvufrSwfrsm;
t m;vHk; a&mi f;cs&NyD; ai Gusyfajcmufaomi f;&&Sdwkdi f; ckdi fai G
usyfwpfaomi f; Ekwf, l usefai Gi g;aomi f;udkat mi fbmav
zG i h f onf / at mi f bmava&T ayoD ;ES i f hwk d uf qk d i f ol vuf rS wf &S i f t m;
ai Gi g;aomi f ; t yf ES i f ;NyD ;vQi fol aX;t &mcef Y xm; ol aumi f ;jyKrnf
jzpfaMumi f;?qkawmfai Gxkyfudkvnf; qi fay:wi f xDaygufolxH
t d rf wk d i f &ma&muf yd k Y ay;rnf jzpf aMumi f ;wk d Y ud kpnf vnf xm;onf /
jref rmEd k if iHwG ifoD aygrif ;vuf xufxD H k wnf axmif jcif ;
yxrqHk;xDaygufolrSmuGrf;a&wef;ae pma&;armi fOD;\
orD; rt Hkjzpfonf/ rt HkrSmrdef;ri , fav;jzpf olaX;&mxl;udk
rcef Y xm;cJ h bJqk awmf ai G xk yf ud k omqi f jzi f h wi f t d rf wk d i f &ma&muf
yk d Y ay;cJ h onf /
xDvufrSwfwpfapmi fudkai G' *Fg;i g;usyfjzi fha&mi f;aom
aMumi fhqi f;&Jom;wkdYr0, fEkdi fonfht jyi fxDHkwpfHkwnf; xm;&Sd
aomaMumi fhxDvufrSwf0, fEkdi folrsm;rSmvnf; wkd;Budwf0, f, l
&ojzi fht rsm;jynfolwkdYNi Kdji i fyi fyef;jci f;rjzpf&avat mi f1241
ckESpf?uqkefv (1879?ar) ]jrefrm&ufpGJordki f; (ukef;abmi f
quf )}wGi f]1241?uqk ef vqef ; 1 (20- 4- 1879) [ l azmf jy
xm;ygonf/rSp vufrSwfwpfapmi fvQi fESpfusyfjzi fhvufrSwf
6000 pDa&mi f;csaomxDHk(10) XmeudkzGi hfapygonf/ odkYaomf
xdk&ufpGJt jyi fxDvufrSwfa&mi f;&ai Gusyf12000 rSckdi fai Gusyf
2000 Ek wf , l at mi f bmavayguf *P ef ;&S i f ok d Yusyf wpf aomi f ;
csD ;jr i f h ygonf / xD H k(10) Xmeud kt wGi f ;0ef a, mNrd KU pm;?t wGi f ;0ef
wkdi fwm;NrdKUpm;?t wGi f;0efyi f;NrdKUpm;?NrdKU0ef, i f;awmfNrdKUpm;?NrdKU0ef
azmi f0efpavNrdKUpm;?0efaxmufpkdYav;q, f' kdi f;0ef?0efaxmuf
aygufNrdKi fNrdKUpm;?usD0efrkd;wm; NrdKUpm;wkdYu MuyfrwfzGi hfvSpf&onf/
xDHk(10) XmerSwpfvvQi f(10) BudrfpDzGi hfvSpf&aomaMumi fh
pk pk aygi f ; xD zGi f h yGJt Bud rf(100) rSck d i f ai GES pf od ef ;vpOf quf &onf /
, i f ;onh f aemuft wG i f ;0ef Nrd KU opfNrKd U pm;?t wG i f ;0ef ausmuf ajrmi f ;
NrdKUpm;wkdYu xDHkwpfHkpDxyfrHwnfvkyfzGi hfvSpf&onf/ oDaygri f;
vufxufu xDpwi fzGi hfvSpfcJhaomudk;cef;t kwfwkdufBuD;udk
]H k awmf BuD ;}[ k ac:wG i f cJ h onf / vl xk a' :t rm\ ] &wemyH krE av;
rE av; uRef rwd k Y rE av;}pmt k yf yg]xDxDxD }aqmi f ;yg;wG i f1956
ckESpf ppfudki f;i vsi fvIyf&m HkawmfBuD;t aqmuft t Hkt ufuGJ
oG m;ojzi f hNzd Kzsufypf vd k uf &aMumi f ; azmf jyxm;ygonf /
xDzGi hfjci f;jzi fhEkdi fi Hawmft wGi f; ypnf;aygrsm;aomolaX;
t rsm; ay:xGef;&efvnf;aumi f;?t cGefb@mwkd;wuf&&Sdap&ef
vnf;aumi f; &nf&G, fcJhaomfvnf; qi f;&Jom;jynfolwdkYonf
uHprf;HkrQru t BudrfBudrfxDxkd;Mujci f;aMumi fha<u;wi fuRefjzpf
&S d &onf h t jyi fxD H k t BuD ;t Muyf wk d Y xHI H ;aMu;ai Grsm;ud kray;Ed k i f
csKyfxm;awmi f;cH&SdaMumi f;rsm; oDaygri f;w&m; Mum;od&aom
aMumi f hck d i f ai G ES i f h pyf &&ef ai G awmf rsm;ud kt csKyf t aES mi ft awmi f ;
t cHr&Sdcsrf;omapcJhNyD; 1243 ckESpf?jymodkv (1881?' DZi fbm)
]jref rm&uf pG J ord k i f ; (uk ef ;abmi f quf )}wG i f]1243?jymod k vqef ;
1 (20- 12- 1881) t *Fg}[ l vnf ;aumi f ; ]e, f vS nf h &mZ0i f }
]1243 ck?jymokdv (' DZi fbm?1881)}[ l vnf;aumi f; azmfjy
xm;ygonf /wG i fxD H k rsm; yd wf od rf ;&eft rd ef Y awmf xk wf jyef cJ h onf /
xk d Y aemufxD H kt BuD ;t Muyf wk d Ypm&i f ;quf oGi f ;&mygqi f ;&Jom;wk d Y
t csi f;csi f; , Sufwi fonfhxDa<u;ai GESpfaomi f;ausmfudkvnf;
a&T wk d uf awmf u xk wf qyf ay;oem;awmf rl onf /
qi f ;&Jom;wk d Ycsrf ;omEk d ;Ek d ;jzi f hxD t Bud rf Bud rf t xyf xyf xk d ;?
xD xk d ;&mrSxD I H ;Muojzi f hb0ysuf &yH k wk d Y ud kaejynf awmf wG i fxk d acwf
u t ajrmuf t jrm;awGUjri f Ek d i f ygonf / ri f ;wk ef ;ri f ;BuD ;\ t v, f
eef;rawmf?oDaygri f;\ a, murawmfqi fjzLr&Si frdzk&m;BuD;u
yi fvQi frdrd\ b0udkxDIH;olESi fhckdi f;EIdi f; av;qpfojzefwpfyk' f
a&;pyf cJ h ygonf /
xD I H ;ol
jzpf ysuf [ ef t wd wf rsm;wmaMumi f h
opf euf cH xd yf pk zk &m;rS mjzi f h
pd wf ck rsm; omvk d Y uk ef /
yl orQud k v
vl t rS mt d yf ruf aumi f ;aomf vnf ;
t aMumi f ;ud kjyef rajymEk d i f vk d Y
aomuES i f h BuKH /
t yvD 0pD oH k ;vmvk d Y /
*wpf C#D &D(&, f ) rNyKH ;csi f bk
xD I H ;wJ h vl cuf yH k vk d
vuf pH k xk &i f ud k wD ;/ /
EI wf >ruf um
qk wf wuf u, f rBuH omvk d Y
uH Zmwmb, f vk d arS ;ygvd rf h
awG;qvk d Y nnf ;/ /
qi fjzLr&Si fxDIH;yHkrSmolrsm;wumvkdxDvufrSwft rsm;
t jym;xkd;ygvsufxDraygufjci f;rsKd; r[ kwfacs/ oludk, fwkdi f
r, fawmfrdzk&m;BuD;t jzpfxD' dki fcH&mrS1247 ckESpf?wefaqmi frkef;
vqkwf(8) &uf(29- 11- 1885) wGi ft &Si fESpfyg; ygawmfrl
wpf wk d i f ;jynf vH k ; qH k ;I H ;oGm;jci f ;yi fjzpf ygonf /
% % % % %
*C#D?e- ESpfq, fhav;rdepfESi fhnDrQaomumvt ydki f;t jcm;?jrefrmem&D
wpf em&D / o?C#d um
at mifbmavxDordkif;
oar"cG ef ES if hvl cG ef awmfy, f zsuf a&;

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jrefrmri f;rsm;vufxuf?t aumuft cGefXmeu aumufcH
aomt cGef t rsKd ;t pm; (8) rsKd ;&S d ygonf / i f ;wd k Y rS m-
(1) ui f ;cG ef
(2) opf awmcG ef
(3) wG i f ;xG uf cG ef
(4) aps;cGef
(5) ul ;wd k Y cG ef
(6) xG uf uk ef cG ef
(7) 0i f uk ef cG ef
(8) o ar"cG efwd k Y jzpf avonf /
o ar"cGefrSwpfyg; t jcm;t cGef(7) rsKd;udka&S;ya0oP D
uyi f ?jref rmri f ;t quf quf u aumuf cH cJ h Muonf /
1214 ck ES pf(c&pf ES pf1853) wGi feef ;wuf aomri f ;wk ef ;ri f ;
vufxuf1219 ckESpf(c&pfESpf1858) o ar"cGefudkpwi f
aumuf cH cJ h onf / 1214 ck ES pf wG i ft *F vd yf -jref rm' k wd , ppf yG J t NyD ;
jrefrmEdki fi Hat mufydki f;jzpfonfhajrxJ(t mvH) (, ckat mi fvH)
NrdKUt xuf(6) rdki ft xdt *Fvdyfvufat mufusa&mufcJhNyD;
jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumi fho ar"cGefrSmjrefrmri f;ydki feuft xuf
jref rmEd k i f i H wG i f om aumuf cH aomt cG ef awmf jzpf onf /
o ar"qd k onf rS m
jref rmt bd "mef pmrsuf ES m388 wGi fo ar"ud kat muf yg
t wd k i f ; t "d y m, f zG i f h qd k xm;ygonf /
]o ar"ôwf oar' gh ê- 1?q, f cd k i f h wpf cd k i f jzpf aom
t cG ef awmf /
2 NAd wd oQud k vd k eD acwf wG i fvl wpf OD ;csi f ;xH rS
aumuf , l aomt cG ef /yg?o +ar"}
o ar"rSmygVdoufa0g[ m&wpfckjzpfonf/ jrefrm
t bd"mefwGi f]o ar"}rSm]o }ESi fh]ar"}aygi f;pyfxm;
aMumi f; azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; wpfckcsi f;pD\ t "dym, fudkrlygVdrS
jref rmod k Y jyef qd kjyorxm;acs/
OD;[ kwfpdef\ y' wr Lom? ygVd- jrefrmt bd"mefwGi f
]o }?]ar"}ES i f h]o ar"}wd k Y \ t "d y m, f zGi f h qd k csuf wd k Y ud k -
at mifbmavxDordkif; ,~ ,.
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]o ar" (y) aumuf rSq, f bd k Y wpf bd k Y , l jci f ;/}
[ k vnf ;aumi f ;?t oD ;oD ; t "d y m, f zG i f h qd k xm;ygonf /
jrefrmri f;t kyfcsKyfyHkpmwrf; (yxrydki f;) pmrsufESm64 wGi f
o ar"t aMumi f ;ud k -
]avmuEI d ufOp mpnf ;pd rf ES i f hjynf h pk H csrf ;omat mi f ?Ed k i f i H ud k
t eD ;t pyf jzpf aomEd k i f i H csi f ;uaomf vnf ;?ES d yf puf zsuf qD ;
, lukef&monf/ rdrdwdkYEdki fi Ht wGi f; EIdufaomfvnf;?vlqkd;
ol qd k ; "g;jywd k uf cd k uf zsuf qD ;cd k ;, l uk ef &monf /
uJhodkYaESmi fh&SufzsufqD;, dSvQi f?ukefonfwdkYvnf;
aumi f;pGmul;oef;a&mi f;0, fjci f;udkrjyKEdki f&m?v, f, m
vkyfaqmi fonfhawmi folwdkYvnf;?v, f, mudkaumi f;pGm
rvk yf aqmi f Ed k i f &m/
odkYt ul;?t oef;?t a&mi f;t 0, f?t vkyft aqmi f
rysufrpD;?aumi f;rGefpGmul;oef;a&mi f;0, fvkyfaqmi f
&at mi f?t BuD;t t kyfESi fhwuGt apmi fht a&Smuft xdef;
t odrf;xm;oi fhonf/ t BuD;t t kyfESi fhwuG? t apmi fh
t a&Smuft xdef;t odrf;xm;NyD;rS?aumi f;rGefpGmul;oef;
a&mi f;0, fvkyfaqmi f&at mi fEdki fi Huxm;onfhri f;rSL;rwf
&J;rufvufeufudki fwdkYrSm?Edki fi Hudkapmi fha&Smufxdef;odrf;
&aomhaMumi fhv, f, mvkyfaqmi fjci f;?ukefpnful;oef;
a&mi f;0, fjci f;rsm;udkrjyKrvkyfEdki f/ jyKvkyf&eft cGi fht cg
r, S d NyD jzpf U ?xd k apmi f h a&S muf xd ef ;od rf ;onf hri f ;rS L;rwf &J;ruf
vufeufudki fwdkYudk?xdef;odrf;apmi fha&Smufonfht wGuf?
pm;oHk;avmufat mi f?Edki fi Hudkapmi fha&Smuf&efvufeuf
ud&d, m?NrdKUjyvkyfudki favmufat mi f?ppfa&;udp, SdvQi f?
aumufumi i fum&bdkYodrf;xm;&at mi f? xdef;odrf;
apmi hfa&Smufjci f;udkcHukefaomukefonfv, fvkyfwdkYu?
pyg;qef a&aMu;ai G ay;urf ;oi f h onf ht wd k i f ;?awmi f ;cH , l i i f
jci f ;onf ?o ar"rnf \ h /}
pmvH k ;aygi f ;owf yH k rl &i f ;t wd k i f ;
[ k azmf jyxm;ygonf /
ri f;wkef;ri f; rwdki frDumvwGi fjrefrmEdki fi H\ t cGefawmf
pepfrSmrsm;pGmIyfaxG;vSonf/ ajrcGef?, mcGef?udki f;cGef?awmcGef?
a&cGef ?t pGwf cGef [ k ac:onf ht i f ;t d k i f cGef ?opf oD ;cGef ?za, mi f ;cGef ?
qi f pG, f ?avQmf ?Bud rf ?oi f jzL;?ysm;&nf t cGef awmf rsm;?opf ap;cGef ?
at mifbmavxDordkif; , ,,
oH cGef ?a&T cGef ?ai GcGef ?oZi f yef ;cGef ?t d k ;awmf quf ?eEGi f ;awmf quf ?
rD ;aoG;awmf qufponf jzi f hrsm;jym;I yf axG;vS onf / ri f ;wk ef ;ri f ;
onfod k YI yf axG ;vS aomt cG ef awmf rsm;ud ko ar"t cG ef awmf
jzi f ht pm;xd k ;aumuf cH cJ h onf /
o ar" t cGef awmf cGJa0onf rS p ri f ;rI xrf ;wk d Y ud kNrd KU pm;?
&Gmpm;t jzpfpm;aus;e, fajrcsD;jri fhjci f; rjyKawmhbJ?vpmai G
ay;onf h pepf ud kpwi f usi h f oH k ;cJ h onf /
]o ar"}\ wdkufdkuft "dym, frSm]orkwdewfjzpfaom
a&ajrU oci f &S i f bk &i f ud kv, f , majrrSxGuf &S d aomaumuf pyg;\
q, f zd k Y wpf zd k Y jzi f hyl aZmf jci f ;}yi f jzpf onf /
odkY&mwGi fvufawGUaumufcHcJhaomo ar"t cGefrSm
v, f, mxGufukefrS0i fai Gay:wGi faumuf, ljci f;r[ kwfbJOpm
ypnf; ydki fqdki fjci f;ay:wGi frlwnf aumuf, lcJhjci f;jzpfonf/
xd k Y aMumi f h0i f ai G&S d ol onfv, f orm; , morm;[ k wf onf jzpf ap?
r[ k wf onf jzpf ap o ar"t cG ef ud kxrf ;aqmi f&avonf /
jref rmri f ;t k yf csKyf yH k pmwrf ; (y ryd k i f ;) pmrsuf ES m1 wGi f -
]o ar"rSm/ 1219 ckESpfup wpwp wt drfvQi f
wq, f us/ orm"d 0S ef ; aumuf cH onf /}
pmvH k ;aygi f ;owf yH k rl &i f ;t wd k i f ;
[ k azmf jyyg&S d ygonf /
orm"d 0S ef ;
o ar"t cGefudkwpft drfvQi fai Gwpfq, fusyfEIef;jzi fh
orm"d0Sef; aumufcHcJhygonf/ orm"d0Sef; aumufcHyHkrSm
at muf ygt wd k i f ;jzpf ygonf /
aus;&G mwpf &G m&S dt d rf axmi f pk rsm;od k Y r[ k wft d rf rsm;ud ka&wG uf
NyD ; wpf q, f ES i f h ajr muf &\ / wpf q, f ES i f hajr muf &&S d aom*P ef ;rS m
xd k aus;&G mrSay;&rnf h t cG ef awmf ai Gusyf aygi f ;yi f jzpf onf / xd k Y aemuf
orm"dac: t cGefawmf&mjywfwdkYu aus;&Gmwpf&Gmu ay;aqmi f
&rnfht cGefawmfai Gusyfaygi f;udkxdkaus;&Gm&Sdt drfaxmi fpkrsm;\
Op myp nf ;yd k i f qd k i f rI ay:wG i f Munf h orm"d &S d &S dcG J jcrf ;pd wf jzmay;aqmi f
apygonf / xd k Y aMumi f huRJ EG m;rsm;rsm;?t d rf aumi f ;aumi f ;?v, f {u
rsm;rsm;?aumufyJoD;ESHrsm;t jynfhodkavSmi fxm;Edki fonfhpyg;usD
BuD;BuD; ydki fqdki fol&Gmom;rsm;u t cGefrsm;rsm;ay;aqmi f&ygonf/
wJ pk wf uav;ES i f haexd k i f NyD ;?uRJ EG m;yi f r&S d aomv, f ol &i f ;i S m;rsm;rS m
t cGeft enf;i , fomay;aqmi f&ygonf/ rnfonfht drfu t cGef
rnfrQay;&rnfudkorm"drsm;u aMu;ao;?aMu;vwf?aMu;BuD;
(aMu;xrf ;BuD ;)[ l t wef ;t pm;oH k ;rsKd ;cGJjcm;owf rS wf ay;onf /
xdkYt jyi fo ar"t cGefui f;vGwfcGi fh&&Sdolrsm;vnf; &Sdyg
ao;onf / 4i f ;wd k Y rS m-
(1) aus;&GmwGi ft BuD;t t kyfjyKvkyfaqmi f&Gufazmf&ol
(ol BuD ;?orm"d vl BuD ;)
at mifbmavxDordkif; ,, ,
(2) ol BuD;\ aqGrsKd ;&i f ;csm
(3) yxrpmawmf jyef &[ ef ;omraP \ aqG rsKd ;&i f ;csm
(4) aMu;vG wf pm&i f ;ygaqG awmf uRef
(5) e, f jcm;t pG ef t zsm;ui f ;wG i f ui f ;apmi f h &myg0i f ol
(6) v, f awmf vk yf om;
(7) pD ;awmf jri f ; jri f ;arG;?jri f ;wd k i f ?jri f ;ud k i f
(8) aMu;eef ;ynmawmf oi f
(9) uk vm;AvD q&m
(10) avS?azmi f?oabFm?oref?aq;xdk;xrf; udk, fpm&i f;
usrS ef ol(aq;xd k ;- vuf ?ajcovH k ;\ wpf ae&m&mwG i f
t rI xrf ;jzpf aMumi f ; aq;euf jzi f ha&;xd k ;xm;ol )
(11) qi f awmf OD ;pD ;ES i h f aemuf vd k uf rsm;
(12) &mZXmeD wG i ft d rf axmi f pH k wuf aexrf ;&G uf &ol t rI xrf ;
(13) ' k u d w
(14) o ar"vG wf &ef f pmcRef awmf xk wf qi f h jci f ;cH &ol
(15) q&mawmf oH Cmawmf wd k Y \ aqG rsKd ;&i f ;csm
wd k Y jzpf avonf /
odkYjzi fhri f;wkef;ri f;vufxufrSp jrefrmri f;ydki feuf
t xufjrefrmEdki fi HwGi fo ar"cGefudkorm"d0Sef; aumufcH
cJ h ygonf /
o ar"cG ef ES i f hvl cG ef cG J jcm;aumuf cH &me, f ajrjyyH k
t xuf azmf jyygajryH k ud kA.T.Q. Stewart \ ''THE PAGODA WAR'' pmt k yf rS &, l yg
onf / yH k wG i frsOf ;apmi f ;uav;rsm; jzi f h azmf jyxm;aome, f ajrrsm;rS mt *F vd yf -jref rm
yxrppf yG J t NyD ;wG i fqH k ;I H ;aome, f ajrrsm;jzpf rsOf ;vJ uav;rsm;jzi f h azmf jyxm;aom
e, fajrrsm;rSmt *Fvdyf- jrefrm' kwd, ppfyGJt NyD;wGi fqHk;IH;&aome, fajrrsm;jzpfyg
onf / t *Fvd yf wd k Y uvl cGef aumuf cH cJh NyD ; t xuf jref rmEd k i f i H ?jref rmri f ; yd k i f euf wGi f
o ar"cGefaumufcHcJhonf/ t *Fvdyf- jrefrmwwd, ppfyGJt NyD;wGi fvnf;
qufvufaumufcHcJhonf/
at mifbmavxDordkif; ,' ,
vl cG ef (Capitation Tax)
1824 ck ES pf ?rwf(5) &uf aeY1185 ck ES pf ?waygi f ;vqef ; (6)
&uf aomMumaeY wG i fbBuD ;awmf ppf ud k i f ;ri f ; vuf xuf t *F vd yf
bk &i f cH csKyfavmh ' f t rf ;[ wf pf(Lord Armherst) u jref rmEd k i f i H ud k
ppfaMunm t *F vd yf -jref rmyxrppf jzpf yG m;cJ h &ygonf / 1826 ck ES pf ?
azazmf 0g&D(24) &uf aeY1187 ck ES pf ? waygi f ;vjynf h ausmf(4) &uf
aomMumaeY wG i f&E yd k pmcsKyf jzi f hppf ajyNi d rf ;cJ h NyD ; &E yd k pmcsKyfwwd ,
yd k ' f ES i f hpwk w yd k ' f wd k Y t &&cd k i f ES i f hweoF m&D a' owd k Y ud kt *F vd yf wd k Y t m;
ay;t yf cJ h &ygonf /
t *F vd yf wd k Yod rf ;, l NyD ;aemuf&cd k i f a' owG i f1830-31 ck ES pf rS p
vl cG ef aumuf cH cJ h onf / t ouf(18)ES pf ES i f h(60) t Mum; vl t m;vH k ;
ud kaumuf cH cJ h onf / t d rf axmi f &S d ol rsm;ud kwpf OD ;vQi fl yD ;ai Gi g;usyf ?
rk qd k ;zd k ?rk qd k ;rrsm;uk dl yD ;ai GoH k ;usyf ?t ysKd vl ysKd rsm;uk dl yD ;ai GES pf usyf
EI ef ;jzi h fv, f , mxG ef , uf pd k uf ysKd ;jci f ; rjyKaomae&ma' orsm;wG i f
aumufcHcJhonf/ v, f, mxGef, ufpdkufysKd;aomae&mrsm;wGi f
wpf wH k ;xG ef cG ef ud k aumuf cH onf /
weoFm&D a' owGi f1826 ck ES pf yi fvl cGef ud kpwi f aumuf cH
onf / u&i f ES i f hawmi f ol vl rsKd ;rsm;ud kaumuf cH jci f ;jzpf onf / i f ;
vlrsKd;rsm;rSmae&mt wnfwusaexdki fjci f; r&Sdojzi fhajrcGefawmf
aumufcH&efcufcJaomaMumi fhvlcGefudkaumufcHjci f; jzpfonf/
ol BuD ;rsm;u rd om;pk wpf pk vQi f15 usyf aumuf cH onf / aemuf yd k i f ;
wGi f&S pf usyf od k YavQmh cscJh onf / 1834 ck ES pf wGi f&S rf ;uk ef onf rsm;uk d
wpf OD ;vQi fl yD ;ai G wpf usyfaumuf cH onf /
1841 ckESpfwGi fvlcGefpnf;Muyfjci f;udk y, fzsufvdkufonf/
okdY&mwGi frsm;rMumrD1843 ckESpf jyefvnfaumufcHonf/
t drfaxmi f&SdolwdkYudklyD;ai Gi g;usyf?t drfaxmi fr&SdolwdkYudklyD;ai G
ES pf usyf &S pf yJaumuf cH onf / awmi f ol v, f orm;rsm;ES i f hwH i grsm;ud k
l yD ;ai GES pf usyf aumuf cH cJ h onf /
1852 ck ES pf ?{NyD(5) &uf1213 ck ES pf ?aES mi f ;wef cl ;vjynf h ausmf
(2) &uf wevF maeY ?yk *H ri f ;vufxuf wG i f&ef uk ef ?rk w rES i f hyk od rf
Nrd KU rsm;ud kvH k ;0ppf aMunmjci f ;r&S d bJt *F vd yf wd k Y u t vpf 0i f a&muf
wdkufcdkuf&mrSt *Fvdyf- jrefrm' kwd, ppfyGJpwi fjzpfyGm;cJhonf/
1852 ck ES pf ?' D Zi f bmwG i fjref rmwyf rsm; k yf od rf ;cJ h onf / 1853 ck ES pf ?
azazmf 0g&D(17) 1214 ck ES pf ? waygi f ;vqef ; (11) &uf Mumoyaw;
aeY wGi fyk *H ri f ;eef ;us ri f ;wk ef ;ri f ;xD ;eef ;&onf / ri f ;wk ef ;ri f ;u
t *F vd yf wd k Y xHcspf Munf a&; &mZoH ay;yd k Y cJ hygonf / xd k &mZoH \ qd k vd k
&i f;rSm]jynfolow0gt aygi f; csrf;om&mr&?aoausysufpD;rnfh
ab;Oyg' fudkjri f wdki f;Edki fi HolwdkYt usKd;udkarQmfaxmufNyD;vQi f
aemi f awmf ri f ;w&m;ud kz, f &S m;cJ h &ygonf / ES pf wd k i f ; ES pf jynf r[ mrd wf
jzpf NrJ jzpf vd k ygonf / vk yf aqmi f p&mt a&;rsm;NyD ;pD ;jci f ;r&S d ao; jzpf yg
onf / xd k Y aMumi f havsmuf ywf aomrS L;rwf rsm;ud krapvT wf Ed k i f rD, ck
t zG J U ud kapvT wf &ygonf /}[ l jzpf avonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; , ,
t *Fvdyfbufuvnf; jrefrmt pdk;&t m; oi fhavsmfaom
udk, fpm;vS, ft zGJUudkjynfNrdKUodkYapvTwf&efjyefvnft aMumi f;
Mum;avonf /
]t *Fvd yf jref rmppf wGi fjref rmu I H ;ojzi f hyJcl ;e, f ud kod rf ;, l
vdkufonf/ t *Fvdyfri f;ydki fe, fajrrsm; udkaESmi fh, SufvQi fjrefrm
bk &i f ud kwk d i f ;Ed k i f i H rSES i f xk wf ypf rnf /}[ l aom' gv[ d k ZD(Dalhousie)\
aMunmcsuf ud k vnf ; A&i f *sD bk ef ;awmf BuD ;rsm;rS wpf qi f hri f ;wk ef ;ri f ;
xHodkYyg;vdkufavonf/ okdYjzi fh' kwd, usL;ausmfppf\ ppf
ajyNi drf;a&;pmcsKyfudkri f;wkef;ri f;uvufrSwfa&;xdk;jci f;r&SdygbJ?
jref rmjynf at muf yd k i f ;ud kay;t yf ygonf [ kvuf rS wf a&;xd k ;jci f ; r&S d
ygbJvsuft *FvdyfwdkYuodrf;, lvdkufonf/odrf;ydkufonfu yJcl;
e, f[ kqdkaomfvnf; t rSefrSmajrxJNrdKU(, ckat mi fvHNrdKU) t xuf
(6) rd k i f t xdae&m, l xm;NyD ;?t *F vd yf e, f ajrwpf jyi f vH k ;onf&cd k i f
zdk;acgi fawmi fxdyfrSp ajrxJNrdKUwyft vHwdki fajrmuf(6) rdki fudk
jzwf vsufppf awmi f ;Nrd KU ES i f h u&i f eD e, f t xd &S d avonf /
t *F vd yf yd k i f euf jzpf aeNyD jzpf aomat muf jref rmEd k i f i H wG i fvl cG ef
ud k quf vuf aumuf cH onf / vl cG efaumuf cH &mwG i f t "d ut m;jzi f h
t ouf18 ES pf ES i h f t xuft d rf axmi f &S d ol - r&S d ol cGJjcm; aumuf cH
cJh onf / 1852 ck ES pf wGi f yi ft *Fvd yf vuf at muf od k Yusa&muf cgp
[ oFmwpD &i f pk wGi f l yD ;ai Gav;usyf ES i f hES pf usyf t oD ;oD ; aumuf cH
&mrS1862 ck ES pf wGi fi g;usyf ES i f hES pf usyf &S pf yJud kpD &i f pk t wGi f ; zH GUNzd K;
aomae&mrsm; pnf;MuyfNyD;?ESpfusyfESi fhwpfusyfudkawmi fay:
a' orsm; pnf ;Muyf onf / [ H om0wD pD &i f pk wGi f vnf ; 1860 jynf h
ES pf wGi fl yD ;ai Gav;usyf ES i f hES pf usyf t oD ;oD ; aumuf cH &mrS1865
ck ES pf wG i fi g;usyf ES i f hES pf usyf &S pf yJ aumuf cH cJ hygonf /
t *F vd yf yd k i f eufat muf jref rmEk d i f i H wG i fvl cG ef(Capitation tax)
aumuf cH vsuf &S d pOf1858 ck ES pf wG i fjref rmri f ;yd k i f euft xuf jref rm
Ed k i f i H o ar"cG ef pwi faumuf cH cJ h onf /
t *FvdyfwdkYaumufcHaomvlcGefESi fhri f;wkef;ri f;vufxuf
wG i fpwi f aumuf cH aomo ar"cG ef wd k Y \ t "d ujcm;em;csuf rS m
vl cG ef onfvl wpf OD ;csi f ;t ay: aumuf cH jci f ;jzpf NyD ;?o ar"cG ef
rSmNrdKU&GmwdkY\ t drfajcay:wGi ft ajcwnf aumufcHjci f;yi fjzpfyg
onf /
1876 ck ES pf ? Zef e0g&D18 &uf wG i f]jref rmjynf ajrES i f ht cG ef t uf
Oya' [THE BURMA LAND AND REVENUE ACT,
1876 (II OF 1876)] }ud kjy|mef ;cJh ygonf / , i f ;t uf Oya' yk ' f r
34 wGi fvlcGefudkt ouf18 ESpfESi fh60 Mum; a, musfm;rsm;onf
t d rf axmi f &S d vQi fwpf ES pf ud kwpf OD ;vQi fl yD ;ai Gi g;usyf xufryd k aom
EIef;?t drfaxmi fr&SdvQi fESpfusyf&SpfyJxufrydkaomEIef;rsm;jzi fh
xrf;aqmi f&rnf[ kjyqdkxm;ygonf/ odkY&mwGi f&efukef?ykodrf?
o&uf ?jynf ?awmi f i l ?ppf awG ?ausmuf jzLES i f h[ oF mwpD &i f pk rsm;wG i f
aexd k i f aoma, musf m;rsm;onft uf Oya' yk ' f r 35 t &vl cG ef t pm;
oar"cG ef ES if hvl cG ef awmf y, f zsuf a&;
aumufcHonfhajrcGefudkxrf;aqmi f&ojzi fhvlcGefay;aqmi f&ef
rvd k aMumi f ; yk ' f r 34 `cGi f ;csuf wGi fazmfjyxm;onf /
o ar"ES i h f vl cG ef awmf y, f zsuf a&;
]1885 ck ES pf ?Ed k 0i f bm(29) &uf1247 ck ES pf ?wef aqmi f rk ef ;
vjynfhausmf(8) &ufwe*FaEGaeYwGi foDaygri f;ygawmfrlonf/
1886 ck ES pf ? Zef e0g&D(1) &uf aeY1247 ck ES pf ? ewf awmf vjynf h ausmf
(11) &ufaomMumaeYwGi fjrefrmri f;aejynfawmfESi fhwuG
oD aygri f ;yd k i f e, f ajrwd k Y ud kt *F vef jynf h &S i f0d wd k &d , bk &i f rBuD ;t m;
ESpfopful;vufaqmi ft jzpfqufoygaMumi f; avmh' f' yfz&i f
(Lord Dufferin) u vufrSwfa&;xdk; xkwfjyefvdkufonf/}
qd k onf h0gusES pf aMumi f ;jzi f h yi fjref rmEd k i f i H ol U uRef b0usa&mufcJ h &
yH k ud kt wd k qH k ;azmf jyEd k i f ygonf /
1889 ck ES pf wGi f]t xuf jref rmEd k i f i HajrES i f h t cGef pnf ;rsOf ;rsm;
[THE UPPER BURMA LAND AND REVENUE REGU-
LATION, 1889]}ud k xk wf jyef cJ h 4i f ;pnf ;rsOf ;rsm;t &enf ;Oya'
rsm; (RULES), t rdefYaMumfji mpmrsm; (NOTIFICATIONS) ESi fh
TefMum;csufrsm; (DIRECTIONS) rsm;udkygxkwfjyefcJhonf/
t xuf jref rmEd k i f i H wG i fo ar"cG ef ud kaumuf cH qJ jzpf onf /
jref rmri f ;rsm;vuf xuf u o ar"cG efui f ;vG wf cG i f hay;cJ h
ouJhodkYt cGefXmeu 3.5.1897 &ufpGJygt rdefYaMumfji mpmt rSwf
(163) ud kxk wf jyef vl cG ef ui f ;vG wf cG i f h &&S d ol rsm;pm&i f ;ud kaMunm
cJ h onf /
jref rmwpf Ed k i f i H vH k ; ol U uRef b0a&muf uwnf ;u o ar"
cGefESi fhvlcGefrSma&maxG;vsuf&Sdonf/ vlcGefraqmi fzl;ao;onfh
o ar"cG ef ud k omaqmi f zl ;aomt xuf jref rmEd k i f i H om;rsm;t zd k Y
vnf;aumi f;?vlcGefudkomaqmi fzl; o ar"cGefraqmi f
zl ;ao;aomat muf jref rmEd k i f i H om;rsm;t zd k Y vnf ;aumi f ; wpf Ed k i f i H
vH k ; ud k vd k eD b0a&muf csd ef wGi fajrcGef ?t jrwf cGef ?vl cGef ?o ar"
cG ef wd k Y ud kwpf rsKd ;r[ k wfwpf rsKd ;xrf ;aqmi f aeMu&onf /
1911 ck ES pf wG i f]The Burma Land Revenue Directions,
1911.}ud kjy|mef ;cJh onf / ]DIRECTIONS UNDER THE UP-
PER/LOWER BURMA LAND AND REVENUE
AND THE RULES THEREUNDER}[ k
azmf jyxm;onf / Directions wG i frsOf ;om; t xuf at muf azmf jy
cJ h vQi ft xuf yd k i f ;rSpum;vH k ;rsm;rS mt xuf jref rmEd k i f i H ES i f houf qd k i f
at muf yd k i f ;wG i fazmf jycJ h vQi fat muf jref rmEd k i f i H ES i h fouf qd k i f ygonf /
aumfvHESpfckt NydKi fazmfjyxm;vQi fvuf0JbufrSmat muf
jref rmEd k i f i H ES i f houf qd k i f vuf , mbuf rS mt xuf jref rmEd k i f i H ES i f h
oufqdki fygonf/ xdkYt wl pmrsufESmwpfckwGi fvuf0Jbuf
aumfvHcsnf;oufoufazmfjyxm;vQi fat mufjrefrmEdki fi HESi fh
vnf;aumi f;?vuf, mbufoufoufazmfjyvQi ft xufjrefrm
oar"cG ef ES if hvl cG ef awmf y, f zsuf a&;
REGULATION,1889
ACT , 1876
Ed k i f i H ES i f h vnf ;aumi f ; ouf qd k i f ygonf / i f ; T ef Mum;csuf rsm;wGi f
CHAPTER X azmf jyxm;onf ud kO' g[ k P ft jzpf azmf jyygrnf /
CHAPTER X
THATHAMEDA
CAPITATION-TAX
Determination of Rate.
at mufjrefrmEkdi fi HwGi fvlcGefxufrenf;aomt jrwfcGefudk
aqmi f&ygu vlcGefaqmi f&efrvdkacs/ t drfaxmi fcGJr[ kwfaom
rdom;pkrsm;yg0i fonfh[ dEL(odkYr[ kwf) jrefrmrdom;pkwdkY\ 0i fai G
pkpkaygi f;t ay: t jrwfcGefpnf;MuyfcH&vQi ft xufjrefrmEdki fi H
o ar"cGef ui f ;vGwf cGi f h ?at muf jref rmEd k i f i H vl cGefui f ;vGwf
cG i f h ud kxd k rd om;pk 0i f wd k i f ;&&S d ygonf /
v, f, majrydki fqdki folwdkYu ajrcGef?vkyfi ef;BuD;vkyfudki f
Edki folwdkYu t jrwfcGefpnf;MuyfcHjci f;jzi fho ar"cGef^vlcGefwdkY
ui f ;vG wf cG i f h &&S d Muygonf /
t *FvdyfwdkYonfat mufjrefrmEdki fi Hudkodrf;ydkufNyD;aemuf
v, f , majrrsm;ud kwd k ;csJ U pd k uf ysKd ;&efvk yf t m; t wG uft d E d , rSaps;ayg
aomv, f, mt vkyform;rsm; ac:, lcJh ai GaMu;t &i f;t ESD;
t wGufai Gacs;vkyfi ef; rsm; vkyfudki f&efcspfwD;ukvm;rsm;udk
ac:oGi f;cJhonf/ cspfwD;wdkYonft *FvdyfbP frsm;rSt wdk;EIef;
ouf ompG mjzi f hai G acs;, l jref rmv, f orm;wd k Y ud kt wd k ;EI ef ;BuD ;pG m
jzi fhjyefvnfacs;i Sm;Muonf/ wpfzufwGi ft *Fvdyft pdk;&u
v, form;wdkYxHrSv, fcGefrsm; t "raumufcHcJhMuonf/ jrefrm
v, form;wdkYonfyi fyef;qi f;&JpGmvkyfudki fMu&aomfvnf;
t usKd;aus;Zl;t enf;i , fudkomcHpm;Mu&onf/ 1921 ckESpfwGi f
pwD ;b&m;om; (Steel Bros. Co.)?bvk yf b&m;om; (Bulloch
Bros. Co.)?t *F vd k bm;rm; (Anglo-Burma Co.) ponf ht *F vd yf
200. The rates of
capitation-tax in vari-
ous areas have been
fixed by notification of
Government under
section 34 and are on
record in each district.
201. The normal rates of
thathameda have been prescribed
by Government. By normal rate
is meant :-
(a) In settled areas the
average rate per household sanc-
tioned in the Government's Reso-
lution on the Settlement Report or
in subsequent orders in modifica-
tion thereof.
(b) In unsettled areas Rs.10
per household, except where a dif-
ferent rate has been sanctioned by
Government for more than one
year, in which case the rate so sanc-
tioned is the normal rate for the pe-
riod mentioned in the sanction.
t &i f ;&S i f uk r P D rsm;pk aygi f ; bl vi f *smyl ;vf(Bullinger Pool) ac:
pyg;aps;t oi f;BuD;udkwnfaxmi fcJhonf/ xdkt oi f;BuD;u
qefpyg;a&mi f;0, fa&;wpfckvHk;udkvuf0g;BuD;t kyfxm;NyD; i f;wdkY
pdwfwdki f;usaps;upm;jci f;jyKvkyfMuawmhonf/ v, form;wdkYrSm
cspfwD;ukvm;wdkY\ t wdk;' P f?t *Fvdyft pdk;&\ v, fcGef?vlcGef?
o ar"cGef wd k Y ' P f ?t &i f ;&S i f wd k Y \ acgi f ;yH k jzwf rI ' P f wd k Y ud kt vl ;
t vSdrfhcHMu&&mrSqi f;&JwGi f;eufumv, f, mrJhb0?v, fulvD
b0od k Ya&muf cJ h Mu&onf /
ajrcGefaqmi f&efajrr&Sd?t jrwfcGefaqmi f&efvkyfi ef;r&Sd?
o ar"cGef ^vl cGef ui f ;vGwf cGi f h &&S d ol rsm; pm&i f ;wGi f vnf ; ryg
aomaMumi f hv, f orm;wd k Y rS mpm;0wf aea&;yi ft Ed k i f Ed k i f jzpf aeonf h
Mum;u?o ar"cGef^vlcGefwdkYudkyi fyef;cJ, Of;pGmay;aqmi f
aeMu&ygonf/ (xdkpOfu i g;rl;om;wpfa&G;avsmht av;csdef&Sd
a&T' *Fg;wpfjym;wefzdk;rSm13 usyf8 yJjzpf vi fr, m;pHkwGJwpfwGJ
t wG ufvl cG ef rS m5 usyf jzpf onf /)
1920 jynf h ES pf wG i fjref rmEd k i f i H vH k ;qd k i f &mjref rmt oi f ;csKyf BuD ;
(*sDpDbDat )G.C.B.A.( General Council of Burmese
Associations)ay:ayguf vmNyD ;aemufo ar"ES i f h vl cGef awmf
aumufcHjci f; y, fzsufay;&efawmi f;qdkrIrsm; jrefrmEdki fi Ht ESHY
ay:ayguf vmcJ h onf /
1921 ck ES pf ? at muf wd k bm(21) &uf rS(24) &uf1283 ck ES pf ?
oDwi f;uRwfvjynfhausmf(5) &ufrS(8) &ufaeYt xd?rEav;
NrdKUwGi fusi f;yaome0rt Budrfajrmuf*sDpDbDat jrefrmt oi f;
csKyf BuD ; ES pf ywf vnf uGef z&i f h wi f oGi f ;aomt qd k(5) &yf t euf ?
t rSwfpOf(4) rSm]vlcGefawmfESi fho ar"cGefrsm; y, fzsuf&ef}
jzpf ygonf /
1924 ck ES pf wGi faygi f ;wnf Nrd KU usi f ;yaom0H omEk*sD pD bD at
uGefz&i fhBuD;t NyD;wGi fvlcGefESi fho ar"cGefray;a&;wdkufyGJrsm;
qi f ET J vmMuonf /
t *FvdyfqefYusi fa&;udkjyi f;jyi f;xefxefaqmi f&Gufvdkonfh
OD;pdk;odrf; *sDpDbDat ESi fhOD;cspfvdIi f*sDpDbDat [ l 1925 ckESpfwGi f
*sD pD bD at ES pf jcrf ;uG J cJ h onf /
1929 ck ES pf wGi fawmi f i l Nrd KU usi f ;yaomOD ;pd k ;od rf ; *sD pD bD at
uG ef z&i f h wG i fawmi f ol v, f orm; acgi f ;aqmi f q&mpH u ]vl cG ef ES i f h
o ar"cG eft wi f ;t usyf aumuf cH rI rsm;ud kwnD wG wf wnf ;
ck cH umuG , f &ef }t qd k ud kwi f oG i f ;cJ h onf /
xd k uJ h od k Yvl cG ef ES i f ho ar"cG ef rsm; y, f zsuf ay;a&;awmi f ;qd k
rIwd k uf yGJrsm; wpf pwpf pjyi f ;xef vm&mrS ?1930 jynf h ES pf ? ' D Zi f bm
(22) &uf1292 ckESpf?jymodkvqef; (4) &ufwevFmaeYwGi f
awmi f ol v, f orm;t a&;awmf yH k BuD ;pwi f cJh ygonf / 1931 ck ES pf ?
Mo*k wf(2) &uf1293 ck ES pf ? ' k wd , 0gqd k vqk wf(4)&uf we*F aEG
aeYwGi fq&mpHudk&Srf;jynfajrmufydki f;wGi fzrf;rdNyD; 1931 ckESpf?
Edk0i fbm(28) &uf1293 ckESpf?wefaqmi frkef;vqkwf(4) &uf
at mifbmavxDordkif; ,'
,
paeaeY wGi fom, m0wD axmi f Bud K;ay;owf vd k uf onf / q&mpH
ES i f h t wlv, f orm; (128) OD ;Bud K;ay;cH cJh &onf /
1931 ckESpf?Edk0i fbm(27) &uf1293 ckESpf?wefaqmi frkef;
vqkwf(3) &ufaomMumaeYwGi ft *FvefEdki fi H?vef' efNrdKU
usi f;yaom]jrefrmEdki fi Hqdki f&mrsufESmpHknDt pnf;t a0;}wGi f
jrefrmEdki fi HrSwufa&mufolwdkYu ]o ar"ESi fhvlcGefawmf
ui f ;vG wf cG i f h jyK&ef }awmi f ;qd k cJ h ygonf /
1933 ckESpfwGi fa&eHacsmi f;NrdKU ]wdkYArmt cGefxrf; t pnf;
t k H ;}ud kzG J U pnf ;wnf axmi f t d rf ajr?&G majr?, majrrsm;ud kod rf ;&ef
t rdefYxkwfonfhudp?qdki fcGefqdki fcBuD;jri fhpGmaumuf, laeonfh
ud p ?o ar"cG efzsuf od rf ;&ef ud p rsm;ud kawmi f ;qd k cJ h Muonf /
odkYjzi fho ar"cGefESi fhvlcGefawmfy, fzsufa&;t wGuf
jrefrmwdkY\ t oufaoG;acR;rsm;pGmpaw; awmi f;qdkrIaMumi fh
1937 ck ES pf wGi fa' guf wmbarmfOD ;pD ;onf hud k vd k eD acwfyxrqH k ;
t pd k ;&t zG J U u xd k t cG ef awmf ES pf &yf pvH k ;ud kwjznf ;jznf ;zsuf od rf ;&ef
t rd ef Y csrS wf cJh onf / od k Y &mwGi fzsuf od rf ;vd k uf aom]o ar"cG ef
ESi fhvlcGefawmf}t pm;b@mai G&&SdEdki f&eft wGuf?oG, f0dkuf
aumuf cH aomt cG ef t rsKd ;t pm; jzpf onf h]t pd k ;&od ef ;xD }ud k zG i f h vS pf
&ef ?1938 ck ES pf ?ZGef(1) &uf1300 jynf h ES pf ? e, k ef vqef ; (4)&uf
Ak ' [ l ;aeY wGi f]jref rmEd k i f i H t pd k ;&xDt k yf csKyf a&;t &m&S d k H ;}ud kpwi f
wnf axmi f cJ h ygonf /

z.. ,
a... .z:.:. z.z
jref rmjynf t pd k ;&xD t k yf csKyf a&;t &m&S d H k ;wnf axmi f jci f ;
NAd wd oQuk d vk d eD acwfjref rmEk d i f i H wG i fo ar"ES i h fvl cG ef awmf
wk d Y ud ky, f zsuf i f ;t cGef awmf rsm; t pm; t cGef ai G&&S d a&;t wGuf
t pdk;&odef;xDzGi hfvSpf&efukdvdkeDacwfjrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pkd;&u
qH k ;jzwf cJh ygonf / xk d pOf u jref rmEk d i f i H wGi ft k d i f , mvef xD ?t d E d , rS
pD t rf t k d xD ?, d k ;' , m;xD ponf hjynf yEk d i f i H rsm;rS xD rsm; t xl ;wG i f us, f
acwfpm;vsuf&Sdygonf/ xkduJhokdYjynfyxDrsm;jzi hf, Ofyg;aeaom
jref rmEk d i f i H 1938 ck ES pf ?ZGef(1) &uf1300 jynf h ES pf ?e, k ef vqef ;
(4) &uf Ak ' [ l ;aeY rS p jref rmjynf t pd k ;&xD t k yf csKyf a&; t &m&S d H k ;uk d
&ef uk ef Nrd KU ?urf ;em;vrf ;?eH ygwf(182) (pmwd k uf BuD ; t aqmuf t t H k
a[ mi f ;) wG i fzG i h f vS pf vd k ufygonf /
t pkd;&odef;xDukdukdvdkeDacwfjrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&u
zGi hfvSpfonfjzpf xkdzGi hfvSpfjci f;onft dEd, &mZowfBuD;?yk' fr
at mifbmavxDordkif; , , , aeY acwfat mif bmav\ t OD ;t p
294-u uk dusL;vG ef onf [ kr, l qonf h t wG ufoD ;jcm;t uf Oya'
rjy|mef ;bJt pd k ;&ut rd ef Y wpf &yf xk wf jyef zG i h f vS pf cJ h ayonf /
1861 ck ES pf ?ar (1) &uf aeY u jy|mef ;cJh aomt d E d , &mZowf
BuD ;?aemi f wGi fjynf axmi f pk jref rmEd k i f i H \ &mZowf BuD ; (, ck t ac:
jypfrIqkdi f&mOya' ) rSxDHkaxmi fjci f;ESi hfoufqkdi fonfhyk' fr
294- u rS mat muf ygt wk d i f ;jzpf ygonf -
]294-u/ / rnf ol rqk d ?t pd k ;&\ t cG i h f t rd ef Y r&&S d bJ ?xD zG i f h &ef
xD H k axmi f jci f ; t vdkYi SmodkYwnf;r[ kwfxDyGJudkt m;ay;
t m;ajrmufjyK&eft vkdYi Sm?okdYwnf;r[ kwf
xD zG i h f yG J uk dpD rH usi f ;y&eft vk d Y i S m?H k wpf ck ck ud k
aomfvnf;aumi f;?ae&mwpfckckukdaomfvnf;aumi f;
xm;&S d vQi f ?xk d ol uk dajcmuf vxdaxmi f ' P f wpf rsKd ;rsKd ;jzpf ap?
ai G' P f jzpf ap?' P f ES pf &yf vH k ; jzpf ap csrS wf &rnf /
rnfolrqkd?t qkdygxDyGJwpfckckwGi fvufrSwf?*P ef;?
okdYwnf;r[ kwfkyfyHkwpfckckukdxDzGi hfjci f;ESi hfpyfvsOf; aomf
vnf ;aumi f ;?xd k xD yG J wpf ck ckpD rH usi f ;yjci f ;ES i h fpyf vsOf ; aomf
vnf;aumi f;?jzpfonfhrjzpfonfht jci f;t &m?okdYwnf;
r[ k wfraocsmaomt jci f ;t &mwpf ck ck ay:wGi f rl wnf ai G
ay;aqmi f rnf ?ok d Y wnf ;r[ k wfyp nf ;ay;t yf rnf ?ok d Y wnf ;
r[ k wfwpf OD ;wpf a, muf aomol \ t usKd ;jzpf rI t wG uft &m
wpf ck ck ud k jyKrnf ?ok d Y wnf ;r[ k wfrjyKbJaernf [ l &nf &G, f
aMumi f ;uk daMumf ji mvQi f ?xk d ol uk dusyf wpf axmi f xdai G' P f
csrS wf &rnf /
rnfolrqkd?xDyGJwpfckckwGi fxDvufrSwfrsm;?okdYwnf;
r[ k wfuH prf ;cG i h f rsm;uk d ?xD vuf rS wf t ay:wG i fazmf jyxm;onf h
t wk d i f ; a&mi f ;&i f ; wef zk d ;t jynf h uk d &&S d a&mi f ;jci f ;r[ k wf bJ?
t jcm;enf ;xk wf a0vQi f ?ok d Y wnf ;r[ k wf xk wf a0&efurf ;vS rf ;
vQi f?okdYwnf;r[ kwfxkwfa0&efaMumfji mvQi f?xkdolukd
usyf wpf axmi f xdai G ' P f csrS wf &rnf /}
yk ' f r 294- u \ wwd , t yk d ' f uk d1960 jynf h ES pf ?t uf Oya'
t rSwf32 t &jyi f qi f xnf h oGi f ; cJh jci f ;jzpf ygonf /
xk d pOf u pD ;u&uf uk r P D t ajrmuf t jrm;t ygt 0i f jzpf aom
ukefpnfxkwfvkyfolwkdYonfrdrdwkdY\ pD;yGm;a&;ukda&S;I i f;wkdY
a&mi f;csvsuf&Sdaomypnf;rsm;wGi fvufrSwf?at mi fbmav
rJ *P ef ;t p&S d onf wk d Y ud kxnf h oG i f ;vsufxk d vuf rS wfat mi f bmav
rJ*P ef;wkdYukdvnf;aumi f;?bl;cGH?bl;qkdYt p&SdonfwdkYukd
vnf;aumi f; rdrdwkdYukrP DodkYr[ kwfqkdi fcGJrsm;wGi fvma&muf
vJvS , f ygu t pk d ;&od ef ;xD vuf rS wf ud k jzpf ap?a&T ?ai G?ausmuf oH
ywjrm;udkjzpfap ay;t yfrnfht jyi fi f;wkdYxHrS&&Sdonfhodef;xD
vufrSwfrSqkaygufvQi fvnf; t ydkqkay;rnf[ kaMunmjci f;jzi hf
xD oabmouf a&muf onf h jyKvk yf rI rsm;ay:ayguf vmaomaMumi f h
t qk d ygjyi f qi f csuf uk djyKcJ h &jci f ;jzpf ygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; ~ .
t k yf csKyf a&;rS L;ES i h f0ef axmuf rsm;cef Y t yf jci f ;
&efukefNrdKUaumfvdwfawmft &m&SdrpwmpDpDca&mhpfbDt m;
i f;\ t vkyfwm0ef0w&m;rsm;t jyi ft pdk;&xDt kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
t jzpfwm0efay;t yfcJhygonf/ xDHk0efaxmuft jzpfOD;jynf
armi f armi f(ynma&;0ef BuD ; OD ;om, m0wD armi f armi f \ t pf uk d ) t m;
vnf;aumi f;?' kwd, xDHk0efaxmuft jzpfOD;bapm(a' gufwm
barmft zGJUpu&Dax&D) t m;vnf;aumi f;?1- 6- 38 aeYrSpwi f
cefYxm;cJhygonf/ 1938 ckESpft wGi f;yi ft pdk;&xDt kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
t jzpf ?rp wmpD pD ca&mh pf bD t pm; &ef uk ef Nrd KU aumf vd wf awmf t &m&S d
rp wmt D ;a*szl vmud kcef Y xm;cJ h ygonf /
xD vuf rS wf rsm;pwi f a&mi f ;csjci f ;
yxrOD;qHk;t BudrfjrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&xDvufrS wfrsm;ukd
13- 6- 38 1300 jynf h ES pf ?e, k ef vqk wf(1)&uf wevFmaeY wGi f
pwi f a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf / (15) apmi f yg&S d aomxD pmt k yf wpf t k yf vQi f
28 usyfEIef;jzi hf&efukefNrdKUxDHk;BuD;ESi hft pdk;&bP fwkdufrsm;wGi f
a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf / ai G yd k Y t rS mvT mjzi h f0, f , l vd k ygu xD pmt k yfwpf t k yf
wefzdk; 28 usyfESi hfpmwkdufc 6 yJukdxDt kyfcsKyfa&;t &m&SdxHay;ydkY
rSmMum;Ekdi fygonf/ ' dpBwdwfe, frsm; (ckdi frsm;) wGi faexkdi fMuol
rsm;rSmrdrdwkdYqkdi f&m' dpBwdwfai GwkdufHk;rsm;wGi fxDpmt kyfrsm;udk
0, f, lMu&ygonf/ xDwpfapmi fcsi f; 0, f, lvdkolrsm;t wGuf
pmwk d uf uav;rsm;ES i h faus;&G mvl BuD ;rsm;u wm0ef , la&mi f ;csay;cJ h
Mu&ygonf /
yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rf xD vuf rS wf
(u) oG i f jyi f vu P mrsm;
yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rfxD vuf rS wf rsm;\ t wk d i f ;t wmrS m
t vsm; 5.8 vuf rES i h ft eH4 vuf r&S d ygonf / t jymEk a&mi f csd wf wG ef Y
pi f;uav;rsm; at mufcHay:wGi frJe, fa&mi fjzi hfkdufESdyfxm;NyD;
ok yf azmf yef ;csD yH k rS mjref rmwk d Y \ usuf oa&aqmi fuaeonf ha' gi f ;yH k
jzpf ygonf / xD vuf rS wf\ rsuf ES mpmwG i f]FOR CONDITIONS,
SEE REVERSE. pnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;ud kaMumbuf rS mMunf h yg/}[ k
a&;om;xm;ygonf/ xkdYaemuf ]GOVERNMENT OF
BURMA jref rmEk d i f i H awmft pd k ;& STATE LOTTERY xD }[ k
a&;om;xm;ygonf / vuf rS wf wef zk d ;?t Bud rf ES i h fck ES pfou &mZf wk d Y ud k
okyfazmfyHk\ wpfzufwpfcsufwGi ft *FvdyfjrefrmESpfbmomjzi hf
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ okyfazmfyHk\ at mufwGi f]NOM DE
PLUME t wd wf }[ kazmf jy t wd wf a&;&efav;axmi f h t uGuf
uav;xm;&S d ygonf / i f ;ES i h fwpf wef ;wnf ;wG i f"SECRETARY.
FINANCE DEPT." [ ka&;om;xm;NyD ; i f ;t ay:wGi f"SEC-
RETARY" jzpf ol"C.F.B. Pearce" u vuf rS wf a&;xk d ;xm;yg
, aeY acwfat mif bmav\ t OD ;t p
onf/ yxrqHk;t BudrfxDvufrSwfukdat mufwGi fazmfjyxm;yg
onf /
yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rfjref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD vuf rS wf
(3) Government will recognize only the
person presenting a winning ticket as
entitled to receive the prize money and
is not concerned with any previous
changes in ownership of the ticket.
(4) The first, second and third prizes will
be paid only at the lottery office in
Rangoon by cheque. Other prizes may
be paid at the lottery office by cheque
or at any treasury or sub-treasury in
cash.
(5) Prize money will be paid in full with
no deduction for income-tax.
pnf;urf;t csufrsm;
(1) 1300 jynfh?awmfovi f;vqkwf4 &uf
xD yd wf rnf /
(2) 1300 jynfh?oDwi f;uRwfvqkwf3 &uf
at mi fygav zGi hfrnf/
(3) qk&aomvufrSwfwi fjyolukdomvQi f?
qkai G&xkdufonf[ kt pdk;&u t odt rSwf
(c) xD vuf rS wf aemuf ausmygpnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;
vdkufem&rnfhpnf;urf;csufrsm;ukdxDvufrSwf\
aemuf ausmwGi ft *Fvd yf - jref rmES pf bmomjzi h fat muf ygt wk d i f ;
azmf jyxm;ygonf -
CONDITIONS.
(1) Closing Date - 12th September 1938.
(2) Date of Draw - 11th October 1938.
jyKvdrfhrnf/ i f;vufrSwfESi hf pyfvsOf;
ykdi fqkdi fol t vsi fu ajymi f;vJjci f;rsm;rSm?
t pdk;&ESi hfroufqkdi facs/
(4) yXr?' k wd , ES i h fwwd , qk rsm;uk d ?&ef uk ef Nrd KU &S d
xDHk;omvQi f?csufvufrSwfjzi hfxkwfay;
vdrfhrnf/ t jcm;qkrsm;ukd?xDHk; csuf
vufrSwfjzi hfjzpfap? rnfonfhai Gwkduf?
okdYr[ kwfvufat mufai Gwkdufrqkdai G
vufi i f;jzpfap?xkwfay;jci f;jyKvdrfhrnf/
(5) qkai Gudk?t jrwfawmfcGeft wGufckESdrfjci f;
rjyKbJ?t jynf h xk wf ay;vd rf h rnf /
pmvH k ;aygi f ;owf yH k rl &i f ;t wk d i f ;
jref rmjynf t pk d ;&xD ES i h f pyf vsOf ; aMunmcsuf xk wf jyef jci f ;
jref rmjynf t pd k ;&xD a&mi f ;csjci f ;ES i h f pyf vsOf ; t pd k ;&u t csuf
(9) ckyg&SdaomaMunmcsufwpfapmi fxkwfjyefcJhygonf/i f;
aMunmcsuf ud k30- 5- 38 1300 jynf h ES pf ?e, k ef vqef ; (2) &uf
wevFmaeY&uf pGJygol &d , owi f ;pm?pmrsuf ES m18 wGi fat muf yg
t wk d i f ; azmf jycJ h ygonf /
jref rmjynf t pd k ;&xD
t pkd;&\ xkwfjyefausnmcsuf
at muf ygausnmcsuf uk dt rsm;Mum;od &ef xk wf jyef aMumi f ;?
1/ jref rmEk d i f i H t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf rsm;uk djref rmEk d i f i H awmf wG i fZG ef v
13 &ufaeYrSt pjyK a&mi f;csvdrfhrnf/ xDvufrSwfrsm; a&mi f;cs
jci f;ukd?&efukefNrdKUt jyi ft ywGi fpufwi fbmv 2 &ufaeYydwf
&ef uk ef Nrd KUwG i fpuf wi f bmv 12 &uf aeY yd wf vd rf h rnf / at muf wd k
bmv 11 &uf aeY wG i fxD bG i h f vd rf h rnf /
2/ xDvufrSwfwapmi fvQi ft bkd; 2djzpfonf/ odkYaomfvnf;
vuf rS wf15 apmi f ygwt k yf vH k ;uk d28dusjzi h fa&mi f ;vd rf h rnf /
3/ xDvufrSwfrsm;ESi hfxDvufrSwfpmt kyfrsm;udkat mufygXme
rsm;wG i fa&mi f ;csvd rf h rnf /
1/ &efukefNrdKUt wGi f;/ pmydkYwkdufBuD; t aqmuft OD;a[ mi f;
wGi fwnf&SdaomA[ dk&fxDHk vufrSwfrsm;ukdwapmi fpDi f;?
t k yf vk d uf i f ; a&mi f ;csvd rf h rnf /
2/ &efukefNrdKUt jyi ft y/ t pdk;&ai Gwkdufrsm;ESi hfvufat muf
ai Gwk d uf t m;vH k ;wd k Y wGi fxD vuf rS wf rsm;uk dt k yf vk d uf a&mi f ;cs
vd rf h rnf / i f ;H k ;rsm;wGi f ?xD vuf rS wf rsm;ud kt k yf vd k uf rS wyg;
t jcm;enf ;a&mi f ;csvd rf h rnf r[ k wf /
3/ &ef uk ef Nrd KU t jyi f t y&S d ?pmyd k Y wk d uf BuD ;rsm;ES i h fpmyd k Y wk d uf i , f
t m;vH k ;wk d Y wG i fxD vuf rS wf rsm;ud kwapmi f pD a&mi f ;csvd rf h rnf /
odkYaomfpmydkYwkdufcGJrsm;wGi fum; a&mi f;csvdrfhrnfr[ kwf/
i f;pmwdkufrsm;wGi fxDvufrSwft kyfrsm;udkavQmhxm;aom
t bk d ;ai G28dusjzi h fa&mi f ;csvd rf h rnf r[ k wf jzpf aMumi f ;/
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aeMupOf wG i ft oH csJ U puf rS, ck vuf rS wf xG uf vmyH k uk dMunf h jci f ;jzi h f
oknrsm; xGufay:vmEkdi faMumi f; xi f&Sm;ygonf[ kaMunmcJhyg
onf / ok d Y aomf vnf ; xk d xD vuf rS wf rS mra&mi f ;&ojzi h fqk rJ rEI d uf bJ
y, f zsuf cJ h &onf /
xkdYaMumi hfxDrzGi hfci fwGi fxDvufrSwfeHygwft m;vHk;rSm
ayguf Ek d i f acs&S d aomeH ygwf rsm;csnf ;omjzpf aMumi f ; xi f &S m;ygonf /
yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rf xD zG i h f yG J pwk w aeY
14- 10- 38 1300 jynhfESpf?oDwi f;uRwfvjynfhausmf(6)
&ufaomMumaeYeHeufukd;em&DwGi fzGi hfvSpfcJhygonf/ t xl;qk
t yk d qk rsm;t aejzi h f(58) qk zG i h f vS pf &mt yk d qk5000dqk uk dvuf rS wf
eH ygwf]bD012098}jzi h fri f ;jym;Nrd KU u ra&T Gef Y u qGwf cl ;&&S d oGm;yg
onf /
t ykdqkrsm;t m;vHk; xkdaeYeHeuf(11) em&Dausmft csdefwGi f
zGi h f vS pfNyD ;pD ;cJh ygonf /
11- 10- 38 &uft *F gaeY wG i fpwi f zG i h f vS pf cJ h aomyxrOD ;qH k ;
t Bud rfxD zGi h f yGJt crf ;t em;uk dav;&uf ajrmuf aeYeH euf(11) em&D
ausmf wG i fat mi f jri f pG mzG i h f vS pf NyD ;pD ;cJ h ygonf /
yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rfxD zG i h f yG J owi f ;k yf &S i f um;jyojci f ;
xkdpOfu bk&i hfHk jyoaeaom' gkdufwma&Tnmarmi f
uk d , f wk d i fk d uf ul ;yg0i f vsufcspf a&T ?arjri h f wd k Yyg0i f ok yf aqmi f xm;
onfh]prf;a&mi f&Si f}kyf&Si fZmwfum;ESi hfwGJzufvsufyxrOD;qHk;
t BudrfxDzGi hfyGJowi f;kyf&Si fum;ukdxDzGi hfyGJt NyD; wpfywft Mum
wGi fjynf ol vl xk rsm; xD zGi h f yGJES i h f ywf ouf pd wf 0i f pm;rIyd k rk d ap&ef
jyocJ h ygonf /
yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rf xD zG i h f yG J rSaumuf Ek wf csuf rsm;
(u) 1- 6- 38 aeY wG i fxD t k yf csKyf a&;t &m&S d H k ; wnf axmi f
onf /
(c) 13- 6- 38 aeYwGi fxDvufrSwfrsm; pwi fa&mi f;cs
onf /
(*) xDwpft kyfwGi f(15) apmi fyg&Sd wpft kyfvQi f28d?
wpf apmi f vQi f2d jzi h fa&mi f ;csonf /
(C) t u &m(8) vH k ; (u rSZ) (A rSHH) t xd jzpf ]ok n}
xd yf pD ;jzi h f*P ef ; (6) vH k ;ygonf /
(i ) e, fwGi f9- 9- 38 aeYwGi fvnf;aumi f;?&efukefwGi f
22- 9- 38 aeY wGi f vnf ;aumi f ; t a&mi f ;yd wf onf /
(p) 11- 10- 38 aeY wG i fxD pwi f zG i h f vS pf onf /
(q) xD vuf rS wf a&mi f ;&ai Gusyf q, f od ef ;\ 50%ai G usyf
500000 ud kqk ai Gt jzpf(392) qkcGJumcsD ;jr i h f onf /
(Z) a&mi f;&ai Gq, fodef;xufykdai G35200dt wGuf
yxrwGi f500dwef(36) qkay;rnf[ kaMunmcJh
aomf vnf ;?i f ;t pm; t xl ;qk(58) qk(qk ai Gaygi f ;
43500d ) zG i h f vS pf ay;OD ;rnf jzpf aMumi f ; xD zG i h f yG Jwwd ,
aeY wG i faMunmcJ h onf /
(ps) 14- 11- 38 aomMumaeY wG i ft yk d qk(58) qk ?zG i h f vS pf
ay;NyD; yxrt BudrfxDzGi hfyGJrSmxkdaeYeHeuf(11) em&D
ausmf wG i fNyD ;qH k ;onf /
(n) xDaygufpOfpm&i f;ukdxkwfjyefaMunmonfhaeY&ufrS
ajcmuf vt wGi f ; rawmi f ;qk d vQi ft cGef b@mt jzpf
od rf ;, l onf /
' k wd , t Bud rf t pd k ;&xD BuD ;
yxrt BudrfxDzGi hfyGJat mi fjri fpGmzGi hfvSpfNyD;pD;NyD;aemuf
17- 11- 1938 1300 jynf h ES pf ?wef aqmi f rk ef ;vqk wf(11) &uf
Mumoyaw;aeY rS pwi f ' k wd , t Bud rfajrmufxD vuf rS wf rsm;ud k
wpfapmi fvQi f2 usyfEIef;jzi hf &efukefNrdKU A[ kdxDHk;BuD;wGi faeYpOf
eHeuf(8) em&DrSnae (6) em&Dt xdzGi hfvSpfa&mi f;cscJhygonf/
paeaeYrsm;wGi feHeuf(8) em&DrS(11) em&DcGJt xda&mi f;csay;cJh
ygonf /
' k wd , t Bud rf rS pwi f xD pmt k yf wpf t k yf wG i fvuf rS wf(11)
apmi f xnf h oG i f ;xm;NyD ;?wpf t k yf vQi fusyf20 jzi h fa&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
xd k t csd ef rS p , aeY xuf wk d i fxD pmt k yf wpf t k yf vQi fvuf rS wf(11)
apmi f yg&S d NrJ jzpf ygawmh onf /
xDt a&mi f;ydwf&ufrSm17- 1- 1939 aeY1300 jynfhESpf?
jymok d vjynf h ausmf(13) &uf t *F gaeYjzpf ygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif;
,
yxrqk 100000d (1)qk 100000d
' k wd , qk 50000d (2)qk 100000d
wwd , qk 20000d (2)qk 40000d
pwk w qk 10000d (4)qk 40000d
y rqk 5000d (10)qk 50000d
q|rqk 1000d (50)qk 50000d
ow rqk 500d (390)qk 195000d
pk pk aygi f ; (459)qk 575000d
' kwd, t BudrfxDzGi hfyGJudk2- 2- 39 1300 jynfhESpf?wydkYwGJ
vqef ; (14) &uf Mumoyaw;aeY wG i fusi f ;ycJ h ygonf /
y rt Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD
wwd , ES i f h pwk w t Bud rf2 usyf wef xD zG i f h yG J rsm;ES i f h ywf ouf
rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; &SmazGawGY&Sdjci f; r&Sdao;aomfvnf;?y r
t BudrfajrmufjrefrmEdki fi Hawmft pdk;&xDvufrSwfwpfapmi fudk
&S mazG awG U &S d ojzi f hazmf jyvd k uf ygonf /
y rt Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
y rt BudrfajrmufxDvufrSwf\ t wdki f;t wmrSm
t vsm; 5.9 vuf rES i f h t eH3 vuf r&S d ygonf /pd rf ;0ga&mi f
axmi fvdkufcsdwfwGefYpi f;uav;rsm; at mufcHay:wGi f
t eDa&mi fjzi fhdkufESdyfxm;NyD; okyfazmfyef;csDyHkrSmyxr
OD ;qH k ;t Bud rfxD vuf rS wf uJ h od k Y yi fjref rmh usuf oa&aqmi f
vuf rS wf a&mi f ;&ai G100 usyf vQi f57 usyf8 yJxufrenf ;
aomai Gud kqk ai Gt jzpf ay;rnf [ kaMunmcJh ygonf / yxrt Bud rf
xD zG i h f pOf u qk ai G t jzpfxD a&mi f ;&ai G \ 50%ud kay;rnf [ kaMunm
cJ h aomf vnf ; t xl ;qk(58) qk ud k xnf h oG i f ;zG i h f vS pf ay;cJ h jci f ;aMumi h f
xD vuf rS wf a&mi f ;&ai G1035200 usyf t ay:wGi fqk ai G543500
usyfjzpfoGm;ojzi hft rSefcsD;jri hfcJhonfhqkai G&mcdki fEIef;rSm52.50%
jzpfygonf/' kwd, t BudrfwGi fqkai G&mcdki fEIef;rSm57.50%jzpfvm
ojzi h f qk ai G &mcd k i f EI ef ; wk d ;wuf vmcJ h ygonf /
' k wd , t Bud rfxD zGi h f yGJwGi fxD vuf rS wf a&mi f ;&ai Gusyf(10)
od ef ;t wG ufqk ai G rsm;uk dat muf ygt wd k i f ; cG J a0ay;rnf [ kaMunm
cJ h ygonf /
' k wd , t Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
uaeaoma' gi f ;yH kjzpf ygonf / xD vuf rS wf \ t ay:buf
wGi fvufrSwfeHygwfudkt *Fvdyf?jrefrmESpfbmomjzi fh
azmfjyxm;NyD;?vufrSwfeHygwfudkt u&mrygbJ*P ef;
(6) vH k ;jzi f h omazmf jyxm;ygonf / vuf rS wf eH ygwf wGi f
oknxdyfpD; r[ kwfawmhonfudkavhvmawGU&SdEdki fyg
onf / xD vuf rS wf wef zd k ;ud kt *F vd yf - jref rmES pf bmom
jzi f hwpf xyf wnf ; azmf jyxm;onf ud k vnf ; awGU &S d Ed k i f yg
onf/ y rt BudrfajrmufxDvufrSwfudkat mufwGi f
azmf jyxm;ygonf /
xDvufrSwfaemufausmygpnf;urf;csufrsm;udk
t *F vd yf- jref rmES pf bmomjzi f hazmf jyxm;NyD ; t csuf(4)
csufyg0i f ygonf /
y rt Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
eH ygwf(1) wG i fxD vuf rS wf rsm;ud k&ef uk ef Nrd KUjyi f ywG i f
1301 ck ES pf ?jymod k vjynf h ausmf(13) &uf(5- 2- 1940)
wevF maeY t xd vnf ;aumi f ;?&ef uk ef Nrd KU wG i f1301 ck ES pf ?
wyd k Y wG J vqef ; (5) &uf(12-2-1940) wevF maeY t xd
vnf ;aumi f ; a&mi f ;csay;rnf jzpf aMumi f ;ES i f h1301 ck ES pf ?
wyd k Y wG J vjynf h ausmf(5) &uf(27-2-1940) t *F gaeY wG i f
at mi f bmavp zG i f h rnf jzpf aMumi f ; azmf jyyg&S d ygonf /
usef(3) csuf rS m' k wd , t Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEd k i f i H awmf
t pd k ;&xD ES i f ht wl wl yi fjzpf ygonf /
(13) Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD
(13) BudrfajrmufjrefrmEdki fi Hawmft pdk;&xDvufrSwfrsm;udk
&efukefNrdKUjyi fywGi f1303 ckESpf?waygi f;vjynfhausmf(2) &uf?
(2- 3- 1942) wevF maeY t xd vnf ;aumi f ;?&ef uk ef Nrd KU wG i f1303
ck ES pf ?waygi f ;vjynf h ausmf(9) &uf ?(9-3-1942) wevF maeY t xd
vnf ;aumi f ; a&mi f ;csrnf jzpf aMumi f ;ES i f h1303 ck ES pf ?wef cl ;vqef ;
(8) &uf?(23- 3- 1942) wevFmaeYwGi fxDzGi fhrnfjzpfaMumi f;
aMunm a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
(13) Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
rS mt vsm; 6 vuf rES i f ht eH3 vuf r&S d ygonf / t 0ga&mi f
axmi fvdkufcsdwfwGefYpi f;uav;rsm; at mufcHay:wGi f
t eDa&mi fjzi fhdkufESdyfxm;NyD; okyfazmfyHkrSmqHawmf&Si f
usKd uf xD ;d k ;apwD awmf yH k jzpf ygonf / xD vuf rS wfeH ygwf
wG i ft u &mrygbJ*P ef ; (6) vH k ;ud k omjref rm-t *F vd yf
ESpfbmomjzi fhazmfjyxm;onf/ (13) Budrfajrmuf
xD vuf rS wf ud kat muf wG i fazmf jyxm;ygonf /
(13) BudrfajrmufjrefrmEdki fi Ht pdk;&xDvufrSwf\
aemufausmygpnf;urf;csufrsm;rSyxrt csufonf
at mi fbmavorkdi f;t wGuf t vGeft a&;ygaom
t axmuf t xm;wpf ck jzpf ygonf / xD vuf rS wf aemuf
ausmygpnf;urf;csufrsm;udkrl&i f;t wkdi f; at mufwGi f
azmf jyt yf ygonf /
xD vuf rS wf aemuf ausmygpnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;
at mifbmavxDordkif;
NAd wd oQuk d vk d eD acwf yxryd k i f ;t pd k ;&od ef ;xD \ ed *H k ;
NAdwdoQukdvkdeDacwfwGi fyxrOD;qHk;t BudrfxDzGi fhyGJrSq|r
t Budrft xdav;vpDjcm; vnf;aumi f;?q|rt BudrfrS' Gg' or
(12) Budrft xdoHk;vpDjcm; vnf;aumi f; xDzGi fhyGJrsm; usi f;y
cJhonf/ xdkuJhokdYxDzGi hfyGJrsm; at mi fjri fpGmusi f;yaecsdefwGi f
NAd wd oQuk d vd k eD b0rSvGwf ajrmuf &efBuH aqmi f aeMuonf h&Jabmf
oHk;usdyfrSm*syefwkdY\ t ult nDjzi hf1941 ckESpf?Mo*kwfvrS
at muf wd k bmvv, f t xd[ k d i f eef(Hainan) uRef ;wG i f vnf ;aumi f ;?
at mufwkdbmvv, frS' DZi fbmvqef;t xdwkdi f0rf(Taiwan)
uRef;wGi fvnf;aumi f;?ppfynmrsm;udkaeylra&Smi frkd;&Gmra&Smi f
wyi f wyef ; avh usi h f oi f , l cJ h Mu&ygonf /
' kwd, urmppfrD; t a&SUydki f;okdYul;pufvmonfESi fhwpfNydKi f
wnf ; &J abmf oH k ;usd yf wk d Y onfxk d i f ;Ek d i f i H ?Aef aumuf Nrd KU ok d Y pcef ;ajymi f ;
pk H k ;cJ h ygonf /
&Jabmf oH k ;usd yf wk d Y onfAef aumuf Nrd KU 27- 12- 41 wGi fArmh
vG wf vyf a&;wyf rawmf(bD t k d i f at ) [B.I.A (Burma Indepen-
dence Army)] ud kzGJU pnf ;cJh ygonf / 1942 ck ES pf ?rwf v (9) &uf aeY
wGi fbDt dki fat onf&efukefNrdKUudkodrf;ydkufvdkufonf/ xdkaeYrSm
&ef uk ef Nrd KU wG i f(13) Bud rf ajrmufxD vuf rS wf rsm; t a&mi f ;yd wf &uf yi f
jzpf ygonf / xD vuf rS wf aemuf ausmygpnf ;urf ;csuf rsm; 1303
ckESpf?wefcl;vqef; (8) &uf?(23- 3- 1942) wevFmaeYwGi f
xDzGi fhrnfjzpfaMumi f; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ rwf(16) &ufaeYwGi f
[ oFmwNrdKUvnf;aumi f;?rwf(29) &ufaeYwGi fa&Tawmi fNrdKU
vnf ;aumi f ;? jref rmEd k i f i H rSt jyi f ;qk wf cG maeaomt *F vd yf wyf rsm;
ESi fhbDt dki fat t Mum; wkdufyGJrsm; jyi f;xefpGmjzpfyGm;cJh\ / {NyD(29)
&uf aeY wGi f vm;d I ;ud k vnf ;aumi f ;?ar (1) &uf aeY wGi frE av;ud k
vnf;aumi f; odrf;ydkufEdki fcJh\ / bDt dki fat onft *FvdyfwkdYudk
t dEd, e, fpyft xdvdkufvHwdkufxkwfcJhonf/ odkYjzi fhe, fcsJU
t *FvdyfwdkYjrefrmhajrrSvHk;0qkwfcGmoGm;&awmhonf/ xkdYaMumi fh
23- 3- 1942 aeY wG i fzG i f h vS pf rnf [ kaMunmxm;cJ h aom(13) Bud rf
ajrmufxD zG i f h yG J uk dusi f ;yEd k i f jci f ; r&S d awmh ay/ 1- 6- 38 aeY u pwi f
wnf axmi f cJh aomud k vd k eD acwfjref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD rS m(13)
Bud rf ajrmuf wG i fwpf pcef ;&yf cJ h &avonf /
*syef acwf yxrt Bud rf ArmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD
1942 ckESpf?rwfvwGi ft *Fvdyfrsm; t dEd, Ekdi fi HokdYqkwfcGm
oGm;&NyD;aemufykdi f;umvukd*syefacwf[ kowfrSwfac:qkdMu
ygonf /
xk d *syef acwf wGi f21- 8- 1942 1304 ck ES pf ?0gacgi f vqef ;
(10) &ufaomMumaeY? jrefrmht vi f; owi f;pm jrefrmjynf
t pd k ;&od ef ;xD BuD ;ud k, ci f uuJ h ok d Yjyef vnf zG i h f vS pf &efouf qk d i f &m
t pdk;&b@ma&;Xmeu pDrHNyD;jzpfaMumi f; , ckzGi hfvSpfaomt pdk;&
odef;xDvufrSwfrsm;udk, ci fuuJhokdYA[ kdxDHk;wGi fvufvD
a&mi f ;csjci f ; rjyKawmh bJ t k yf vd k uf vuf um;oma&mi f ;csawmh rnf
jzpf aMumi f ; owi f ;wpf &yf t jzpfazmf jycJ h ygonf /
at mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk awmf
*syef acwf wGi f]jref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&}[ koH k ;EI ef ;jci f ;r&S d bJ
]ArmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&}[ koHk;pGJcJhygonf/ t pdk;&odef;xDukdvnf;
]at mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk awmf }[ k ac:wG i f cJ h ygonf /
xDHkt kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;cefYt yfjci f;
b@ma&;XmerSt wGi f;0efav; OD;pHGefYt m; t kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
t jzpfcef Y t yf cJh h ygonf /
at mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk awmf H k \ wnf ae&m
at mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk awmf H k rS m&ef uk ef aejynf awmf ?abmi f ' &D
vrf ; (, ck "r apwD vrf ;)?t rS wf(253) wGi f wnf &S dygonf /
xD vuf rS wf rsm;a&mi f ;csjci f ;
*syefacwfyxrt BudrfArmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&xDvufrSwf
rsm;udk&efukefaejynfawmf&Sdat mi fr*Fvmodef;qkawmfHkwGi f
xD wpf t k yf vQi f19 usyf50 qi h f EI ef ;jzi h ft k yf vk d uf vuf um;a&mi f ;cs
cJhNyD; pmwkdufrsm;ESi hft pdk;&vufvDqkdi fcGJrsm;wGi fvnf;aumi f;?
ck d i f e, f &S dai Gwk d uf rsm;ES i h faus;&Gmol BuD ;rsm;xH wGi fvnf ;aumi f ;?
vuf vD wpf apmi f vQi f2 usyf EI ef ;jzi h fa&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
xD vuf rS wf rsm;ud k&ef uk ef Nrd KU wG i f31- 10- 1942 1304 ck ES pf ?
oD wi f ;uRwf vjynf h ausmf(7) &uf aeY t xd vnf ;aumi f ;?t jcm;
Nrd KU rsm;wGi f25- 10- 1942 1304 ck ES pf ?oD wi f ;uRwf vjynf h ausmf
(1) &uf aeY t xd vnf ;aumi f ; a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
*syef acwf yxrt Bud rf xD vuf rS wf
xD vuf rS wf \ t wk d i f ;t wmrS mt vsm; 5.85 vuf r?
t eH 3.2 vuf r&S d ygonf / 0gMuef Y Muef Yt a&mi f at muf cH ay:wG i f
t jyma&mi f jzi h fk d uf ES d yf xm;NyD ; ok yf azmf yef ;csD yH k rS mrsuf ES mcsi f ;
qk d i f aeaomua' gi f ;ES pf aumi f \ t Mum; wuf opf pae0ef ;
aemuf cH jzi h faus;vuf I ci f ; yH k jzpf ygonf /
xDvufrSwfeHygwfrSmt u&mryg&SdbJt *Fvdyf*P ef;
(6) vH k ;omyg&S d ygonf /
vuf rS wf eH ygwf ud kxD vuf rS wf \ vuf 0J buft xuf
axmi f h wG i f vnf ;aumi f ;?]y|rt Bud rf1942}[ l aomt Bud rf
ESi hfckESpfjy pmom;ukdvuf, mbuft xufaxmi hfwGi f
vnf ;aumi f ; azmf jy xm;ygonf /
xDvufrSwft v, fokyfazmfyHk\ t xufwGi f]Arm
Ekdi fi Hawmft pdk;&odef;xD}[ kazmfjyxm;NyD; okyfazmfyHk\
at muf wpf zuf wpf csuf wG i f]ai G2d }]Rs- 2}[ kxD vuf rS wf
wefzdk;udkazmfjyxm;ygonf/ xkdwefzkd;jy*P ef; ESpfckt Mum;
wGi fvuf0Jbuf ]t wdwfNOM DE PLUME [ k
a&;om;xm;NyD ; vuf , mbuf wG i f]bk d ;p}[ kvuf rS wf a&;xk d ;
xm;vsufat muf wG i f]t wG i f ;0efb@ma&;|me}[ ka&;om;
xm;ygonf /
xD vuf rS wf rsuf ES mpmbuf \ at muf qH k ; ]pnf ;urf ;
csuf rsm;uk d aMumbuf rS mMunf h }[ ka&;om; azmf jyxm;ygonf /
*syefacwfyxrt BudrfArmEkdi fi Hawmft pkd;&xDvufrSwfukd
at muf wG i fazmf jyxm;ygonf /
*syef acwf yxrt Bud rfArmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
CONDITIONS.
(1) The draw will begin on the 15 th Novem-
ber 1942. Tickets will be sold till the 31st
October 1942 in Rangoon and 25th Octo-
ber 1942 outside Rangoon.
(2) Government will recognize only the per-
son presenting a winning ticket as entitled to
receive the prize money and is not concerned
with any previous changes in ownership of
the ticket.
(3) Prizes to the value of Rs. 20,000 and up-
wards will be payable at Rangoon and may
be drawn through any recognized Bank.
Other prizes will be payable at Rangoon or
at any Treasury or Sub-Treasury in Burma.
(4) No tax will be deducted from the amount of
any of the prizes.
pnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;/
(1)1304 ckESpf?wefaqmi frkef;vqef; 8 &uf?
we*FaEGaeYwGi f at mi fbmav p zGi hfrnf/
xDvufrSwfrsm;udk&efukefNrdKUwGi f1304 ckESpf?
oDwi f;uRwfvqkwf7 &ufaeYt xda&mi f;vdrfh
rnf/ t jcm;NrdKUrsm;wGi f1304 ckESpf?oDwi f;uRwf
vqk wf1 &uf aeY t xda&mi f ;vd rf h rnf /
(2)qk&aomvufrSwfwi fjyolukdomvQi f?qkai G
&xk d uf onf [ kt pk d ;&u t od t rS wfjyKvd rf h rnf /
i f;vufrSwfESi hfpyfvsOf; ykdi fqkdi folt vsi fu
ajymi f ;vJjci f ;rsm;rS m?t pd k ;&ES i h f rouf qk d i f acs/
(3)qk ai G20000dES i h fi f ;xuf yd k rk d aomqk ai Grsm;ud k ?
&efukefNrdKUomvQi fxk wfay;vdrfhrnf/ i f;qkai G
rsm;ukdt pdk;&u t odt rSwfjyKaom&efukefNrdKU&Sd
bP fwkdufrsm;rSwqi hfxkwf, lvdkvQi f?xkwf, l
Ekdi fonf/ t jcm;qkai Grsm;ukd &efukefNrdKU
jzpf ap?jref rmjynf &S drnf onf h ai Gwk d uf ?ok d Y r[ k wf
vuf at muf ai G wk d uf jzpf ap?xk wf ay;vd rf h rnf /
(4)rnf onf h qk ai G t ay:rSt jrwf awmf jzpf ap?t jcm;
t cG ef jzpf ap?EI wf , l jci f ; jyKvd rf h rnf r[ k wf /
*syefacwfyxrt BudrfArmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&xDvufrSwf\
aemuf ausmyg pnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;rS mNAd wd oQuk d vk d eD acwfyxrOD ;qH k ;
t Bud rfxD vuf rS wf \ aemuf ausmygpnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;ud kt ajccH
a&;om;xm;jci f ;jzpf ygonf /
*syef acwf yxrt Bud rfxD zG i h f yG J usi f ;yjci f ;
*syef acwf yxrt Bud rf xD zG i h f yG J ud k15-11-1942 1304 ck ES pf ?
wefaqmi frkef;vqef; (8) &ufwe*FaEGaeYeHeuf(8)em&D
t csd ef wG i f]uef awmf rd wf obi f H k } usi f ;ycJ h ygonf /
*syef acwf ' k wd , t Bud rf ArmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD
' kwd, t BudrfvufrSwfrsm;ukd&efukefNrdKUwGi f14- 3- 1943
1304 ckESpf?waygi f;vqef; (9) &ufwe*FaEGaeYt xd
vnf ;aumi f ;?&ef uk ef Nrd KUjyi f ywG i f28-2-1943 1304 ck ES pf ?wyd k Y wG J
vqkwf(9) &ufwe*FaEGaeYt xdvnf;aumi f;?a&mi f;cs
21- 3- 1943 &uf aeY1304 ck ES pf ?waygi f ; vjynf h ausmf(1) &uf
we*F aEG aeY wG i fxD zG i h f vS pf cJ h onf /
' kwd, t BudrfxDvufrSwfrSmt vsm; 5.6 vufr?t eH3.35
vufr t &G, ft pm;&Sdygonf/ 0gMuefYMuefYt a&mi fat mufcHwGi f
t pdrf;a&mi fjzi hfyHkESdyfxm;NyD; okyfazmfyef;csDyHk NydKysufaeaom
t aqmuft t Hkrsm;ukdvuf0JbufwGi fvnf;aumi f;?opfqGJae
aomqi f ES pf pD ;\ yH k ud kvuf , mbuf wG i fvnf ;aumi f ; a&;qG J xm;
ygonf /
vuf rS wf eH ygwf ud kxD vuf rS wf \ vuf 0J buft xuf axmi f h
wG i f t u &mrygbJt *F vd yf *P ef ; (6) vH k ; jzi f h omazmf jyxm;ygonf /
xDvufrSwft v, ft ay:ydki f;wGi f ]' kwd, t BudrfArm
Ek d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD1942}[ ka&;om;xm;NyD ; ok yf azmf yH k \ wpf zuf
wpf csuf wGi f]ai G.2d }"2" [ l aomwef zk d ;jy*P ef ;rsm; yg&S d ygonf /
ok yf azmf yH k \ at muf ajcvuf 0Jbuf wGi ft wd wf a&;&ef ae&mES i h f
]pnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;uk daMumbuf rS mMunf h yg}pmwef ;yg&S d ygonf /
vuf, mbufat mufajcwGi f]bkd;p}[ kvufrSwfa&;xdk;
xm;NyD; at mufwGi f]t wGi f;0efb@ma&;|me}[ ka&;om;xm;
ygonf /
aemuf ausmygpnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;wGi ft csuf(4) csuf yg&S d NyD ;
eH ygwf(1) t csuf rS mxD zG i h f &uf ?&ef uk ef Nrd KU wG i ft a&mi f ;yd wf &uf ?e, f
t a&mi f ;yd wf &uf rsm; azmf jyxm;jci f ;jzpf ygonf / eH ygwf(2) ES i h f(3)
rS myxrt Bud rfArmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD \ pnf ;urf ;csuf eH ygwf(2)
ES i h f(3)wd k Y ES i h ft wl wl yi f jzpf ygonf /
pnf;urf;csufeHygwf(4) udkt *Fvdyfbmomjzi hfat mufyg
t wk d i f ;azmf jyxm;ygonf /
"(4) No war tax or other deduction will be made from
the prizes."
jref rmbmomjzi h f vnf ; at muf ygt wk d i f ;azmf jyxm;ygonf /
](4) qkai Grsm;t ay:rSppft wGuft cGefawmfjzpfap?t jcm;
ud p t wG uf jzpf ap?Ek wf , l jci f ;jyKvd rf h rnf r[ k wf /}
xDvufrSwfygpnf;urf;csufeHygwf(4) ukdavhvmjci f;jzi hf
xk d t csd ef u ' k wd , ur mppfjzpf yG m;aecsd ef jzpf aomaMumi h fppf t wG uf
t cG ef awmf(War Tax) aumuf , l cJ h onf [ kcef Y rS ef ;od &S d Ek d i f ygonf /
*syefacwf' kwd, t BudrfArmEkdi fi Hawmft pkd;&xDvufrSwfukd
at muf wG i f azmf jyxm;ygonf /
*syef acwf ' k wd , t Bud rfArmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
' k wd , t Bud rfxD zGi h f yGJud k vnf ; ]uef awmf rd wf obi f H k }yi f
usi f ;ycJ h ygonf / *syef acwfwwd , ES i h f pwk w t Bud rfArmEk d i f i H awmf
t pkd;&xD?at mi fr*Fvmodef;qkawmfzGi hfyGJwkdYESi hfywfoufonfh
t axmuft xm;rsm;ukd&SmazGawGU&Sdjci f;r&Sdao;aomfvnf; *syef
acwfy rt BudrfArmEkdi fi Ht pdk;&xDvufrSwfESi hfwuGxDzGi hfyGJ
owi f ;ud k yg&S mazG awG U &S d cJ h ygonf /
*syef acwf y rt Bud rfArmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD
xD vuf rS wf rsm;ud k&ef uk ef aejynf awmfat mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk
awmfHkESi hfckdi fe, ft pkd;&ai Gwkdufrsm;wGi fvnf;aumi f;?&efukef
at mifbmavxDordkif;
aejynf awmf ?a&T *H k wd k i f vrf ;ES i h fa&wm&S nf vrf ;axmi h ft rS wf(80)
wGi fwnf&Sdaom]rsKd;GefYat mi fr*Fvmodef;qkqkdi fBuD;} vnf;
aumi f ;?xD pmt k yf wpf t k yf vQi f19d - 50 qi h f jzi h fa&mi f ;cscJh ygonf /
pmwdkufrsm;ESi hf aus;&GmolBuD;rsm;xHwGi fvnf;aumi f;?
vufvDxDqkdi fuav;rsm;wGi fvnf;aumi f;?xDwpfapmi fvQi f
2 usyf jzi h fvuf vD a&mi f ;csay;ygonf /
xDvufrSwfrsm;udk&efukefNrdKUwGi f5- 2- 44 1305 ckESpf?
wyd k Y wG J vqef ; (12) &uf paeaeY t xda&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
*syef acwf y rt Bud rf xD vuf rS wf
xDvufrSwft wkdi f;t wmrSmt vsm; 5.75 vufr?
t eH 3 vuf r &S d ygonf / t jzLcH wGi ft jymEk a&mi f axmi f vd k uf
csdwfwGefYt pi f;uav;rsm; at mufcHxm;vsufrJe, fa&mi f
t &i f h jzi h fk d uf ES d yf xm;ygonf /
yef;csDokyfazmfyHkrSmB.I.A. wyfrawmft vHt jzpf
t oHk;jyKxm;aomwkdYArmt pnf;t Hk;\ oHk;a&mi fjc, f
ua' gi f ; t vH ud kB.I.A. wyf om;wpf OD ;u uk d i f aqmi f vT i h f xl
vsufvnf;aumi f;?aewHqdyf*syeft vHudk*syefppfom;
wpfOD;u ukdi faqmi fvTi hfxlvsufvnf;aumi f;?B.I .A.
wyfom;rsm;ESi hf*syefppfom;rsm; yl;aygi f;vsufvufeuf
pG J uk d i f umNAd wd oQwk d Y t m; wk d uf xk wf aeyH kjzpf ygonf /
ok yf azmf yH k rS mjri f uG i f ;us, f jzpf NyD ; AH k ;BuJ av, mOf rsm;?
rD ;pG J avmi f vsufysuf usaeaomav, mOf rsm;?AH k ;ayguf uG J ae
yH k rsm;?wi f h um;rsm;jzi h fppf t wG i f ;umvt ajct aeud kyD jyi f pG m
ok yf azmf xm;ygonf /
xDvufrSwfwGi ft u&mrsm;ryg0i fbJ*P ef; (6)
vH k ;omazmf jyyg&S d ygonf / y rt Bud rfxD vuf rS wf wG i f t *F vd yf
*P ef ;rsm;omru jref rm*P ef ;rsm;ud k ygk d uf ES d yf xm;ygonf /
xD vuf rS wf t ay:yd k i f ;wG i f]y rt Bud rf ArmEk d i f i H awmf
t pdk;&xD1943}[ ka&;om;xm;NyD; at mufajcab;
wpfzufwpfcsufwGi f]Rs.2}]ai G2d}[ laomwefzkd;jy
ud ef ;*P ef ; yg&S d ygonf /
vuf0Jbufat mufajcaxmi hfwGi ft wdwfa&;&ef
ae&mxm;&S d NyD ; vuf , mbuf at muf ajcaxmi h f wG i f]OD ;vS }[ k
vufrSwfa&;xkd;vsuf ]t wGi f;0ef t cGefawmf|me}[ k
a&;om;azmf jyxm;ygonf /
xD vuf rS wf ay:wG i fa&mf bmwH qd yf wH k ;jzi h f
]ppf Ek d i f &ef0ajym&ef
pyg;vk yf i ef ;Bud K;pm;vk yf Muyg}
[ kk d uf ES d yf xm;ygonf /
vd k uf em&rnf h pnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;uk dxD vuf rS wfaemuf
ausmwGi ft *Fvdyf- jrefrmESpfbmomjzi hfat mufygt wkdi f;
a&;om;azmf jyxm;ygonf /
CONDITIONS.
(1) The draw will begin on the 12th February
1944. Tickets will be sold till the 5th Febru-
ary 1944 in Rangoon.
(2) Government will recognize only the person
presenting a winning ticket as entitled to re-
ceive the prize money and is not concerned
with any previous changes in ownership of
the ticket.
(3) Prizes to the value of Rs. 20,000 and up-
wards will be payable at Rangoon and may
be drawn through any recognized Bank.
Other prizes will be payable at Rangoon or
at any Treasury in Burma.
(4) No war tax or other deduction will be made
from the prizes.
pnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;
(1)1305 ckESpf?wydkYwGJvqkwf4 &ufaeYwGi f
at mi fbmav p zGi hfrnf/ xDvufrSwfrsm;udk
&ef uk ef Nrd KU wGi f1305 ck ES pf ?wyd k Y wGJvqef ; 12 &uf
aeYt xda&mi f ;vd rf h rnf /
(2)qk&aomvufrSwfwi fjyolukdomvQi f?qkai G
&xk d uf onf [ kt pk d ;&u t od t rS wf jyKvd rf h rnf /
i f;vufrSwfESi hfpyfvsOf; ykdi fqkdi folt vsi fu
ajymi f ;vJjci f ;rsm;rS m?t pd k ;&ES i h f rouf qk d i f acs/
(3)qkai G20000dESi hfi f;xufydkrkdaomqkai Grsm;udk
&efukefNrdKUomvQi fxkwfay;vdrfhrnf/ i f;qkai G
rsm;ukdt pdk;&u t odt rSwfjyKaom&efukefNrdKU&Sd
bP f wk d uf rsm;rS wqi h fxk wf , l vd k vQi fxk wf , l Ek d i f
onf / t jcm;qk ai Grsm;uk d&ef uk ef Nrd KUjzpf ap?Arm
jynf &S drnf onf h ai G wk d uf rqk dxk wf ay;vd rf h rnf /
(4)qkai Grsm;t ay:rSppft wGuft cGefawmfjzpfap?
t jcm;udpt wGufjzpfap Ekwf, ljci f; jyKvdrfhrnf
r[ k wf /
yxrt Bud rf ES i h f' k wd , t Bud rfxD vuf rS wf rsm;\ aemuf ausm
ygpnf;urf;csufeHygwf(1) wGi fxDzGi hfrnfh&uf?&efukefNrdKUwGi f
t a&mi f;ydwf&uf?t jcm;NrdKUrsm;wGi ft a&mi f;ydwf&ufwkdYudkazmfjy
xm;aomfvnf; y rt BudrfwGi fxDzGi hf&ufESi hf&efukefNrdKUwGi f
t a&mi f ;yd wf &uf uk d omazmf jyxm;ygonf /
pnf;urf;csufeHygwf(4) wGi f]qkai Grsm;t ay:rSppft wGuf
t cGef awmf jzpf ap?t jcm;ud p t wGuf jzpf ap?Ek wf , l jci f ;jyKvd rf h rnf
r[ kwf}[ kazmfjyxm;onf/ xkdazmfjycsufrSm' kwd, t Budrf
xD vuf rS wf ES i h ft wl wl yi f jzpf ppf t wGi f ;umvwpf avQmuf vH k ;
ppf t wG uft cG ef awmf rsm;aumuf cH cJ h onf [ kcef Y rS ef ;od &S d Ek d i f ygonf /
*syefacwfy rt BudrfArmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&xDvufrSwfukd
at muf wG i fazmf jyxm;ygonf /
*syef acwf y rt Bud rfArmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
*syef acwf y rt Bud rfxD zGi h f yGJusi f ;yjci f ;
ArmEkdi fi Hawmfat mi fr*Fvmodef;qkawmfBuD; y rt Budrf
zGi hfyGJudk12- 2- 1944 1305 ckESpf?wydkYwGJvjynfhausmf(4) &uf
paeaeYeHeuf(8) em&Dt csdefwGi f]uefawmfrdwfobi fXme}
usi f ;ycJ h ygonf /
xDzGi hfyGJudk0efBuD;csKyfoci fjr?t cGefawmf0efBuD;OD;at ;?Arm
jynf &J Ak d vf csKyf BuD ; OD ;t k ef ;ausmf ?t pk d ;&t wk d i f yi f cHOD ;wi f ?b@ma&;
t wGi f ;0ef OD ;vS(y rt Bud rfxD vuf rS wf ay:wGi fvuf rS wf a&;xk d ;
aomt wGi f;0ef) OD;bat ;?t wkdi fyi fcHvTwfawmfOu|OD;oGi f?
t wd k i f yi f cH vT wf awmf' k wd , Ou | OD ;bvI d i f ?OD ;ausmf ZH ?0ef BuD ;OD ;pd ef ?
0ef BuD ;oci f oef ;xG ef ;wk d Y<ua&muf cJ h Muygonf /
t cGefawmf0efBuD;OD;at ;u y rt BudrfxDzGi hfyGJwGi frdefYcGef;
ajymMum;NyD ;aemufausmi f ;ol uav;rsm;u a*:vD EI d uf zG i h f vS pf &m
yxrqHk;ay:xGufvmaomeHygwfrSm]382138}jzpf 1000dqk
jzpf ygonf /
usyfwpfodef;qkudkAkdvfuav;NrdKUrSarmi fAkdvfBuD;u
]aygufvdrfhrnf}t wdwf?vufrSwfeHygwf]353268}jzi hf
qG wf cl ;cJ h ygonf /
qk rJ rsm;t a&t wG uf
*syefacwfy rt BudrfxDzGi hfyGJwGi fzGi hfvSpfcJhonfhqkrJ
t a&t wGuf ES i h fwef zk d ;rS mat muf ygt wk d i f ; jzpf ygonf-
100000d (1) qk 100000d
50000d (1) qk 50000d
30000d (2) qk 60000d
20000d (2) qk 40000d
10000d (4) qk 40000d
5000d (10) qk 50000d
2000d (14) qk 28000d
1000d (29) qk 29000d
500d (24) qk 12000d
pk pk aygi f ; (87) qk 409000d
xD zG i h f yG J wG i f ay:xG uf vmonf h yH k rES d yf &aomeH ygwf rsm;
xDzGi hfyGJwGi fyHkrESdyf&onfheHygwfrsm; ayguf*P ef;t jzpf
ay:xGufvmcJhojzi hf y, fzsufcJh&ygonf/ xkdyHkrESdyf&onfh
eH ygwf rsm;rS m-
(1) 486549 (2) 489214
(3) 496164 (4) 497296 wk d Y jzpf ygonf /
yH k rES d yf &ao;aomxD vuf rS wf eH ygwf rsm;rS m]500000}rausmf
ojzi h fxk d xD zG i h f yG J t wG ufxD a&mi f ;&ai G rS musyf(10) od ef ;jynf h rD jci f ;
r&S d aMumi f ; xi f &S m;ygonf / xD qk ai G yrmP jzi h fEI d i f ;csd ef vQi fxD a&mi f ;
&ai Gusyf(7) od ef ;eD ;yg;cef Y om&&S d cJh rnf [ kcef Y rS ef ;&ygonf /
q|rt Bud rfArmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD
q|rt Bud rf xD zGi f h yGJES i h f ywf ouf onf ht axmuf t xm;rsm;
&SmazGrawGU&Sdao;aomfvnf; ]ArmEdki fi Hawmft pdk;&q|rt Budrf
ajrmufat mi fr*Fvmodef;qkawmfvufrSwfrsm;xGufNyD}[ laom
aMumfji mudk1- 3- 1944 1305 ckESpf?waygi f;vqef; (8) &uf
Ak' [ l;aeYxkwfjrefrmht vi f;owi f;pmwGi fazmfjyxm;onfudk
&S mazG awG U &S d &ygonf /
q|rt Budrfajrmufat mi fr*Fvmodef;qkawmfvufrSwf
pmt k yf rsm; a&mi f ;&ai G rS m1944 ck ES pf ?rwf v 25 &uf aeY uk ef qH k ;onf h
&uf ow wpf ywf t wG i f ; 121620 usyf &&S d NyD ; 4i f ;aeY t xdpk pk aygi f ;
a&mi f ;&ai G rS m492440 usyf jzpf aMumi f ; 30- 4- 1944 1305 ck ES pf ?
wefcl;vqef; (7) &ufMumoyaw;aeYxkwfjrefrmht vi f;
owi f ;pmpmrsuf ES m 1 wG i fowi f ;wpf yk ' f t jzpfazmf jyxm;ygonf /
*syef acwf ow rt Bud rfxD zG i f h yG J
owrt BudrfxDzGi fhyGJudk13- 8- 1944 1306 ckESpf?0gacgi f
vjynfhausmf(10) &ufwe*FaEGaeYeHeuf(8) em&DwGi f
]uefawmfrdwfobi fHk} zGi hfvSpfaMumi f; at mi fbmavodef;qk
XmeESi hfoufqkdi faomt cGefawmf0efBuD;ESi hfwuGt wGi f;0efrsm;?
0efBuD;rsm;?t pdk;&t &m&Sdrsm; <ua&mufMuaMumi f;?t cGefawmf
t wGi f;0efu a*:vDrsm;udkppfaq;NyD;vQi ft cGefawmf0efBuD;u
rdefYcGef;ajymMum; at mi fbmav*P ef;zGi hfvSpfyGJpwi fusi f;y
aMumi f;?t rSwfa*:vDrsm;ukdt rsKd;orD;0efxrf;XmecsKyfrS0efxrf;
t rsKd ;orD ;av;rsm;u EI d uf MuaMumi f ;?at mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk t wG uf
at mi fbmav*P ef; &&Sdolrsm;t m; 21- 8- 44 wevFmaeYwGi f
ai Gxkwfay;rnf[ kt cGefawmfXmet wGi f;0efu aMunmaMumi f;
15- 8- 44 t *FgaeYxkwfjrefrmht vi f;owi f;pmwGi fowi f;
wpf &yf t jzpfazmf jycJ h ygonf /
*syef acwf t |rt Bud rf xD zG i h f yG J
ArmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&t |rt Budrfajrmufat mi fr*Fvmodef;
qkawmfvufrSwfrsm; a&mi f;&ai Grsm;rSm18- 10- 44 &ufaeYwGi f
941350d &&S d NyD ;jzpf aMumi f ;?at mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk awmf H k wG i fod ef ;qk
vuf rS wf pmt k yft enf ;i , f omvuf usef &S d awmh aMumi f ;ES i h f&ef uk ef
aejynf awmf wG i f 4-11-44 &uf aeY t a&mi f ;yd wf rnfjzpf aMumi f ;
at mifbmavxDordkif;
20-10-44 1306 ck ES pf ?wef aqmi f rk ef ;vqef ; (5) &uf aomMum
aeY?jref rmh t vi f ;owi f ;pm?pmrsuf ES m1 wGi f azmf jyyg&S d ygonf /
27- 10- 44 &uf aeY1306 ck ES pf ?wef aqmi f rk ef ;vqef ; (12)
&uf aomMumaeY xk wfjref rmh t vi f ;owi f ;pmpmrsuf ES m2 Arm
Ekdi fi Hawmft pkd;&t |rt Budrfajrmufat mi fr*Fvmodef;qkawmf
vuf rS wfpmt k yf rsm; a&mi f ;&onf h ai GrS m21- 10- 44 &uf aeY t xd
1135210d &&S d NyD jzpf aMumi f ; azmf jycJ h ygonf /
xD t a&mi f ;yd wf &uf ES i h fxD zG i h f yG J usi f ;yonf h &uf rsm;rS m*syef acwf
yxrt BudrfxDwGi f(15) &ufuGmjcm;NyD; ' kwd, ESi hfy rt Budrf
wk d Y wGi f(7) &uf pD omuGmjcm;Muygonf / t |rt Bud rfxD t a&mi f ;
yd wf &uf rS m4-11-44 &uf aeY jzpf aomaMumi h fxD zG i h f yG J ud kEk d 0i f bmv
t wGi f ;yi fusi f ;ycJh onf [ kcef Y rS ef ;od &S dEk d i f ygonf /
*syef acwfat mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk awmf \ ed *H k ;
1942 ck ES pf ?rwf vwG i fbD t k d i f at ES i h f*syef wk d Y yl ;aygi f ; e, f csJ U
t *FvdyfwkdYt m; t dEd, e, fpyft xdvkdufvHwkdufxkwfcJhonf/
7- 4- 42 &ufaeYwGi f ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfudkArmh
umuG, f a&;wyf rawmf (bD ' D at ) [B.D.A. ( Burma Defence
Army)] [ kajymi f ;vJzGJU pnf ;cJh ygonf /
xkdYaemufrMumrDwGi f*syefacwfArmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&xD?
at mi f r*Fvmod ef ;qk awmf ud kyxrt Bud rf t jzpf15- 11- 42 aeY
wGi fvnf;aumi f;?aemuf(4) vt Mum21- 3- 43 aeY ' kwd,
t Budrfukdvnf;aumi f;?aemufykdi f;wGi f(3) vwpfBudrfus
vnf ;aumi f ; zGi h f vS pf cJh &m1944 ck ES pf ?Ek d 0i f bmvwGi ft |rt Bud rf
xDzGi hfyGJudkusi f;ycJhonf[ kt axmuft xm;rsm;t &cefYrSef;od&Sd
&ygonf /
t |rt Bud rf xD zGi h f yGJt NyD ;wGi fe0rt Bud rf xD zGi h f yGJusi f ;yrnf
qk d ygu 1945 ck ES pf ?azazmf 0g&D vt wGi f ; usi f ;y&rnf jzpf ygonf /
okdY&mwGi ft axmuft xm; pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; &SmazGawGU&Sdjci f;
r&Sdao;ojzi hfe0rt BudrfxDzGi hfyGJusi f;ycJhjci f;ESi hfywfouf
wd uspG mrajymEk d i f ygacs/
1945 ckESpf?rwfv 27 &uf(1306 ckESpf?wefcl;vjynfh)
t *FgaeYwGi fzufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&; qi fETJcsdefrSp *syefacwf
ArmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xDat mi f r*Fvmod ef ;qk awmf vnf ; ed *H k ;csKyf cJh
&avonf /
(14) Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD jyef vnf zG i h f vS pf jci f ;
jref rmEk d i f i H rS*syef rsm; qk wf cG moG m;NyD ;aemuf' k wd , ur mppf BuD ;
t wGi f;u t dEd, odkYqkwfcGmoGm;cJhaomt *FvdyfwkdYjyefvnf
a&muf &S d vmNyD ; jref rmEk d i f i H ud k ppf t k yf csKyf a&;jzi h fpwi f t k yf csKyf onf /
1945 ck ES pf ?Mo*k wf vwG i ft pd k ;&od ef ;xD Xmeuk djyef vnf zG i h f vS pf &ef
t NrJ wrf ;t k yf csKyf a&;rS L;t jzpfOD ;jynf armi f armi f(1- 6- 38 aeY wG i f
xDHk0efaxmuft jzpfcefYt yfcH&ol)t m; cefYt yf t pdk;&odef;xD
Xmeukdjyef vnf zGi h f vS pf cJh ygonf / ppf ab;ppf ' P f cH cJh &onf hjref rm
at mifbmavxDordkif; .~~ .~.
Ekdi fi HwGi ft pdk;&xDukdjyefvnfrzGi hfvSpfEkdi fao;bJ1946 ckESpf
' DZi fbmvwGi frS(14) BudrfajrmufjrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&xD
jyef vnf zG i h f vS pf &efxD vuf rS wf rsm; pwi f a&mi f ;csEk d i f cJ h ygonf /
1- 6- 38 aeYu pwi fwnfaxmi fcJhaomjrefrmEkdi fi Hawmf
t pdk;&xDudk*syefacwfrwdki frDu (13) BudrfwGi f&yfqdki f;cJh&aom
aMumi h f*syef awmf vS ef a&;t NyD ; t *F vd yf rsm; jyef vnf 0i f a&muf vm
NyD;aemuf(14) Budrf[ kqufvufa&wGufumzGi hfvSpfcJhjci f;
jzpf ygonf /
*syefacwfu ]ArmEkdi fi Hawmft pkd;&xD}[ kxDvufrSwfrsm;
ay:wGi fk d uf ES d yf cJh aomf vnf ; NAd wd oQwk d Yt k yf pk d ;onf h umvrsm;wGi f
]jref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD }[ k omxD vuf rS wf rsm;ay:wGi fk d uf ES d yf
azmf jycJ h onf /
t pdk;&A[ kdxDHk;ukdyxrOD;qHk;t BudrfxDHk;BuD;wnfae&m
jzpfonfh&efukefNrdKU?urf;em;vrf;?t rSwf(182) wGi fyi fzGi hfvSpf
ygonf /
(14) Budrfajrmuf jrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pkd;&xDzGi hfyGJudk
30-1-1947 1308 ck ES pf ?wyd k Y wG J vqef ; (9) &uf Mumoyaw;aeY
wG i fzG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
(15) Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD
(15) Bud rf ajrmuft pk d ;&xD vuf rS wf rsm;uk d&ef uk ef Nrd KU ?urf ;em;
vrf ;?t rS wf(182) &S dt pd k ;&A[ k dxD H k ;BuD ;?' d pBwd wf t pk d ;&ai Gwk d uf
ES i h f Nrd KU e, f t pd k ;&ai Gwk d uf cGJrsm;wGi fxD vuf rS wf(11) apmi f ygaom
xDpmt kyfwpft kyfvQi f20 usyfjzi hf11- 2- 1947 aeYrSpwi f
a&mi f ;cs &ef uk ef Nrd KU rS t y t jcm;ae&mrsm;wGi f13- 3- 1947 aeY
vnf;aumi f;?&efukefNrdKUwGi f20- 3- 1947 aeY vnf;aumi f;
t a&mi f ;yd wf cJ h onf /
xD vuf rS wf a&mi f ;&ai G(10) od ef ;vQi fqk ai G t jzpfat muf yg
t wk d i f ; cGJa0ay;cJh ygonf /
yxr 100000d (1) qk 100000d
' k wd , 50000d (2) qk 100000d
wwd , 20000d (2) qk 40000d
pwk w 10000d (4) qk 40000d
y r 5000d (15) qk 75000d
q|r 1000d (100) qk 100000d
ow r 500d (290) qk 145000d
pk pk aygi f ; (414) qk 600000d
xD vuf rS wfa&mi f ;&ai Gusyf(10) od ef ;xuf ausmf vGef ygu
ausmf vG ef onf h a&mi f ;&ai G yrmP \ 60 &mcd k i f EI ef ;xuf renf ;aom
ai Guk dt yk d qk t jzpfcGJa0ay;ygonf /
(15) Budrfajrmuf jrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pkd;&xDzGi hfyGJukd
4-4-1947 1308 ck ES pf ?wef cl ;vqef ; (14) &uf aomMumaeY wG i f
usi f ;ycJ h onf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; .~ .~,
(16) Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD
(16) BudrfajrmufjrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&xDESi hfpyfvsOf;onfh
aMunmcsuf(Press Communique) wpfapmi fudk11- 3- 1947
aeY wG i fxk wf jyef aMunmcJ h ygonf / (16) Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEk d i f i H awmf
t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf rsm;ud k&ef uk ef Nrd KU ?urf ;em;vrf ;?t rS wf(182) &S d
A[ k d xD H k ;BuD ;wG i f vnf ;aumi f ;?t pk d ;&ai G wk d uf rsm;ES i h fai G wk d uf cG J rsm;
wGi fvnf;aumi f; 18- 4- 1947 aeYrSpwi f xDvufrSwf(11)
apmi f yg&S d aomxD pmt k yf wpf t k yf vQi f20 usyf jzi h fa&mi f ;csNyD ; &ef uk ef
Nrd KU rS t y t jcm;ae&mrsm; 17- 5- 1947 wG i fvnf ;aumi f ;?&ef uk ef
Nrd KU 10- 6- 1947 aeY wGi f vnf ;aumi f ; t a&mi f ;yd wf cJh onf /
xDvufrSwfwpfapmi fvQi f2 usyfEIef;jzi hf&efukefNrdKUA[ kdxD
H k ;BuD ;wG i f oma&mi f ;cscJ h onf /
xDvufrSwfrsm;udkjynfyu 0, f, lvdkvQi f&efukefNrdKU?jrefrm
Ekdi fi Hawmft pkd;&xD?t kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;xHMoney Order jzi hfjzpfap?
British Postal Orders okdYr[ kwfIndian Currency Notes udk
t mrcH pmt d wf wG i fxnf h jzpf ap?ay;yk d Y rS mMum;Ek d i f ygonf / od k Y &mwG i f
Indian Postal Orders jzi h fay;yk d Y rS mMum;jci f ;ud kcGi h f rjyKyg/ Indian
Postal Orders rS mjref rmEk d i f i H wG i fai G xk wf r&aomaMumi h fjzpf yg
onf /
ay;yk d Y onf h ai GES i h fumrd onf h xD pmt k yf rsm; xD vuf rS wf rsm;uk d
pmwk d uf cNi d rf ;jzi h fay;yd k Y cJ h ygonf / xD vuf rS wf a&mi f ;&ai G rsm;t euf
37.5 &mcd k i f EI ef ;uk dt cGef awmf t jzpf vnf ;aumi f ; 2.5 &mcd k i f EI ef ;uk d
ukefusp&dwft wGufvnf;aumi f; owfrSwf 60 &mcdki fEIef;ukd
qk ai G t jzpfcG J a0ay;ygonf /
xDvufrSwfa&mi f;&ai Gusyf(10) odef;wpf, lepft wGuf
at muf ygt wk d i f ; qk ai Grsm; cGJa0ay;ygonf /
yxr 100000d (1) qk 100000d
' k wd , 50000d (2) qk 100000d
wwd , 20000d (2) qk 40000d
pwk w 10000d (4) qk 40000d
y r 5000d (15) qk 75000d
q|r 1000d (100) qk 100000d
ow r 500d (290) qk 145000d
pk pk aygi f ; (414) qk 600000d
xDvufrSwfa&mi f;&ai Gusyf(10) odef;xufausmfvGefygu
ausmf vG ef onf h a&mi f ;&ai G yrmP \ 60 &mcd k i f EI ef ;xufrenf ;aom
ai Gud kt yk d qk t jzpfcGJa0ay;ygonf /
(16) Budrfajrmuf jrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&xDzGi hfyGJukd
10- 6- 1947 1309 ck ES pf ?e, k ef vjynf h ausmf(7) &uf t *F gaeY wG i f
qk ai G usyf ES pf aomi f ;ES i h f t xuf ud k&ef uk ef Nrd KU wG i fvnf ;aumi f ;?
t jcm;qkrsm;ukd&efukefNrdKUokdYr[ kwft pkd;&ai GwdkufESi hft pdk;&ai G
wk d uf cG J rsm;vnf ;aumi f ; xk wf , l Ek d i f ygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; .~, .~
xD qk ai Gt ay:rSt jrwf awmf jzpf ap?t jcm;t cGef awmf jzpf ap
Ek wf , l jci f ;rjyKyg/
xDzGi hfonfhaeY&ufrSwpfESpft wGi f; awmi f;cHjci f;rjyKonfh
qk ai Grsm;t m; Ek d i f i H awmf b@mt jzpfod rf ;, l ygonf / xD ayguf pOf
rsm;ud kowi f ;pmrsm;wG i fxnf h oG i f ;azmf jycJ h ygonf /
xDvufrSwfjzwfykdi f;rsm;wGi fvdyfpma&;om; azmfjyxm;
ygu qkai G5000dESi hft xufxDaygufolrsm;xHodkYoHBudK;jzi hf
vnf;aumi f;?qkai G5000dat mufxDaygufolrsm;xHodkYpmjzi hf
vnf ;aumi f ; t aMumi f ; Mum;ay;ygonf /
qk &vuf rS wf wi f jyEk d i f ol uk d omxD qk ai G rsm;xk wf ay;ygonf /
qk &vuf rS wf wi f jyEk d i f jci f ;r&S d ygu xD qk ai G xk wf ay;&efawmi f ;qk d
jci f ;t ay: t pd k ;&u t od t rS wf rjyKyg/
(17) Bud rf ajrmuf jref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD
(17) BudrfajrmufjrefrmEdki fi Hawmft pkd;&xDvufrSwfudk
pk aqmi f ;&&S d ojzi f havh vmawG U &S d csuf rsm;ud kwi f jyygonf /
(17) Bud rf ajrmuf jref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
rSmt vsm; 5.3 vufrESi fht eH2.45 vufr&SdNyD; t jzLa&mi f
at mufcHwGi ft jyma&mi fjzi fhdkufESdyfxm;ygonf/ okyfazmf
yef;csDyHkrSmvuf0JbufwGi fv, fxGefaeyHkESi fhvuf, mbuf
wGi fqi f opf qGJaeyH k jzpf ygonf / xD vuf rS wf eH ygwf uk dvuf 0J
buft ay: jrefrmvdk?vuf, mbuft ay: t *Fvdyfvdk
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ (17) BudrfajrmufjrefrmEdki fi Hawmft pkd;&
xD vuf rS wf ud kat muf wG i fazmf jyt yf ygonf /
(17) Bud rf ajrmuf jref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf
(17) BudrfajrmufxDvufrSwf\ xl;jcm;csufrSm
at mufcHt a&mi f' DZdki f;rsm; ryg&Sdjci f;ESi fhxDvufrSwfaemuf
ausmygpnf;urf;csufrsm; dkufESdyfrxm;jci f;yi fjzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumi fhxDvufrSwfaemufausmygpnf;urf;csufrsm;udk
azmf jyEd k i f jci f ; r&S d ouJh ok d YxD a&mi f ;csjci f ;ES i f hzGi f h vS pf jci f ;wd k Y \
oJ vG ef pud kvnf ;r&&S d Ed k i f awmh yg/
at mifbmavxDordkif; .~' .~
(18) Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD
(18) Bud rf ajrmuft pd k ;&od ef ;xD zG i h f yG J uk d15-10-1947 1309
ck ES pf ?wef aqmi f rk ef ;vqef ; (2)&uf Ak ' [ l ;aeY wGi fpwi f zGi h f vS pf
(4) &uf Mumjri h f cJ h ygonf /
xDzGi hfyGJpwkwaeYwGi f&efukef?t vHkrSrESJOD;u ](80) 2-
av;vH k ;ayguf Ek d i f ygh rvm;}t wd wf ?xD vuf rS wf eH ygwf]802222}
jzi h fwpf od ef ;qkqG wf cl ;&&S d oG m;ygonf /
qk*P ef;EIdufay;olrSmMunfhjri fwkdi fArmausmi f;olav;
rt H k ;wi f jzpf ygonf /
(18) BudrfwGi ft u&mrygbJ*P ef;csnf;omygaomeHygwf
rsm;ES i h ft u &m]u}ygaomeH ygwf rsm;[ kES pf rsKd ;omawGU &S d &ygonf /
(18) Bud rf ajrmuf xD zG i h f yG J uk d18- 10- 1947 aeYnae (4) em&D
t csd ef wG i fk yf od rf ;cJ h ygonf /
(19- 10- 47) 1309 ckESpf?wefaqmi frkef;vqef; (6) &uf
we*F aEG aeY xk wfuG ef jrLepf aeY pOfowi f ;pmt wG J1?t rS wf259/ rS
(19) Bud rf ajrmufjref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&od ef ;xD
(19) Budrfajrmuf jrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pdk;&odef;xDukd
18- 12- 1947 1309 ck ES pf ?jymok d vqef ; (7) &uf Mumoyaw;
aeY ]&efukefjrLeDpDyg, fNrdKUawmfcef;rBuD;}wGi fpwi fzGi hfvSpfcJh
ygonf /
(19) BudrfajrmufxDaygufpOfwGi fayguf*P ef;eHygwfrsm;rSm
t u &m]c}ES i h f}*}rsm;omyg&S dojzi f h(19) Bud rf ajrmuf wG i ft u &m
ES pf vH k ;oma&mi f ;cszG i h f vS pf cJ h onf [ kcef Y rS ef ;od &S d &ygonf /
(19- 12- 1947) 1309 ck?jymokdvqef; (8) &uf
aomMumaeY xk wfuGef jrLepf aeY pOfowi f ;pmt wGJ2 t rS wf9/ rS
(19) Bud rf ajrmufxD zG i h f yG J t NyD ; 1948 ck ES pf ?Zef e0g&D v (4) &uf
1309 ck ES pf ?jymod k vjynf h ausmf(9) &uf we*F aEG aeYeH euf(4) em&D
rd epf(20) t csd ef wG i fjref rmEk d i f i H vG wf vyf a&;&&S d cJ h ygonf /
vG wf vyf a&;&&S d NyD ; t csKyf t jcmt mP myk d i f Ek d i f i H jzpf vmcsd ef wG i f
t pd k ;&od ef ;xD uk dquf vuf zG i h f vS pf cJ hygonf / xD zG i h f onf ht Bud rf uk d
NAd wd oQwd k Y zG i h f vS pf cJ h onf ht Bud rf pOf t a&t wG uf t wk d i f ; quf vuf
a&wG uf ojzi h ft Bud rf(20) ajrmuf rSpwi f zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
t Bud rf(20) ajrmufjref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD
t Budrf(20) ajrmuft pdk;&odef;xDukd18- 2- 1948 aeY?
aeY v, f(2) em&D wG i fa&T wd *H k apwD awmf t aemuf buf rk cfuG uf vyf
&S djyyGJNyd Ki f yGJBuD ;0i f ; (, ckod *Fk w &O, smOf awmf ) t wGi f ; zGi h f vS pf cJh
ygonf /
0efBuD;jrefrmht vi f;OD;wi fu jyyGJNydKi fyGJwGi fxDzGi hfvSpfonfh
t aMumi f ;ud k&S i f ;vi f ;ajymMum;cJ h ygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; .~
.~
aeYv, fydki f;wGi fqkBuD;rsm;xJrSi g;aomi f;?wpfaomi f;?
i g;axmi fqkrsm;omxGufcJhNyD;?nykdi f;wGi frSodef;qkxGufay:cJh
ygonf /
&efukefNrdKU?a*:' 0i fvrf; (, ckNrdKUrausmi f;vrf;) t rSwf(59)
ae uk d xGef ;armi f u ]uH ay;orQ}t wd wf ?eH ygwf]C 757917}jzi h f
wpf od ef ;qk qG wf cl ;oG m;ygonf /
(19- 2- 48) 1309 ck ES pf ?waygi f ;vqef ; (11) &ufMumo
yaw;aeY xk wfuGef jrLepf aeY pOf owi f ;pmt wGJ2 t rS wf58/ rS
xDzGi hfyGJukd18- 2- 48 rS21- 2- 48 t xd(4) &ufwkdi fwkdi f
usi f;ycJhygonf/ t Budrf(20) ajrmufxDzGi hfyGJ\ aygufpOfwGi f
t u &m]C ES i h fi }ES pf rsKd ;wnf ;omawG U &S d &ojzi h ft Bud rf(20) ajrmuf
xD vuf rS wf rsm;wGi ft u &m]C ES i h fi }ES pf rsKd ;omk d uf ES d yf a&mi f ;cs
cJ h onf [ krS wf , l &ygonf /
t Budrf(20) ajrmufxDzGi hfyGJonfjrefrmEkdi fi HvGwfvyfa&;
&NyD ;aemufyxrqH k ;t Bud rfzG i h f vS pf onf h xD zG i h f yG Jjzpf ygonf /
, aeYacwfat mi fbmav\ t OD;t pt jzpfudkvkdeDacwf
yxrOD;qHk;t BudrfxDzGi hfyGJrSonfjrefrmEkdi fi HvGwfvyfa&;&NyD;
yxrqHk;t BudrfzGi hfvSpfonfhxDzGi hfyGJt xd&SmazGpkaqmi f;&&SdorQ
wi f jyt yf ygonf /

z.. -,
.a....a: .z:.:. .z
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J ay:ayguf vmyH k
1938 ckESpf?ZGefv (1) &ufaeYwGi f]jrefrmjynft pkd;&xD
t k yf csKyf a&;t &m&S d H k ;}uk dpwi f wnf axmi fcJ h ygonf / *syef acwf wG i f
]ArmEkdi fi Hawmft pkd;&?at mi fr*Fvmodef;qkawmfHk}[ kac:wGi f
owf rS wf cJh ygonf / *syef awmf vS ef a&;t NyD ; t *Fvd yf rsm; jyef 0i f vm
NyD;aemuf1945 ckESpf?Mo*kwfvwGi f]t pkd;&odef;xDXme}t jzpf
jyef vnf zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
vG wf vyf a&; &NyD ;csd ef wG i f]t pk d ;&od ef ;xD Xme}ud k]at mi f bm
av od ef ;qk XmecG J }[ kajymi f ;vJ ac:wG i fcJ h ygonf /
jynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;OD;pD;Xmeudk1972 ckESpf?at mufwdkbmv
(1) &ufaeYwGi ft kyfcsKyfa&;pepfopfazmfxkwfa&;t pDt pOft &
15- 3- 1972 &ufpGJygjynfaxmi fpkjrefrmEdki fi HawmfvSefa&;
aumi f pD \ aMunmcsuf t rS wf ? 97 t m;jzi f h zGJU pnf ;cJh ygonf /
, ci fu oD;jcm;pD&SdcJhaomt cGefqdki f&mXmersm;jzpfonfh
t jrwfcGefXme?ukefoG, fvkyfi ef;cGefXme?at mi fbmavodef;qk
at mifbmavxDordkif; ..~ ...
Xme?&efukefaumfvdawmft &m&SdHk;?, i f;\ at muf&SdwHqdyfawmf
0efXme?, pfrsdK;XmerSt cGefpnf;MuyfaumufcHa&;qdki f&mvkyfi ef;
rsm;?qm;vkyfi ef;XmerSt cGefaumufcHa&;qdki f&mvkyfi ef;rsm;?
b@mawmfri f;BuD;Hk;\ vkyfi ef;wm0ef0w&m;rsm;?t axGaxG
t k yf csKyf a&;Xmeuaqmi f &G uf cJ h onf hajrcG ef aumuf cH a&;ES i f hajrpD rH
cef Y cGJrS Kqd k i f &mvk yf i ef ;rsm;?t i f ;t d k i f cGef ?"mwf ow KcGefponf wd k Y ES i f h
ywfouf t cGefaumufcHa&;ESi fhpDrHt kyfcskKyfrSKqdki f&mvkyfi ef;
rsm;ud k aygi f ;pyf zGJU pnf ;cJh jci f ; jzpf ygonf /
jynf wGi f ;t cGef rsm;OD ;pD ;Xme pwi f zGJU pnf ;csd ef wGi fXmecGJ(6) ck
yg&S d ygonf / 4i f ;wk d Y rS m -
(1) t jrwf cG ef ES i f huk ef oG , f vk yf i ef ;cG ef XmecG J
(2) ai G pm&i f ;?pm&i f ;t i f ;ES i f ht axGaxGXmecGJ
(3) ajrcGef?Ekdi fi HwGi f;t aumufcGef?, pfrsKd;cGefESi fht i f;t kdi f
cG ef XmecG J
(4) wH qd yf acgi f ;cG ef ES i f hat mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J
(5) Oya' ?ppf aq;a&;ES i f hoi f wef ;XmecGJES i f h
(6) 0ef xrf ;a&;&mXmecG J
wk d Y jzpf ygonf /
1976 ck ES pf wGi f]wH qd yf acgi f ;cGef }ud k]ajrcGef ?t i f ;t k d i f cGef ES i f h
, pf rsKd ;cG ef XmecG J }ok d Yyl ;aygi f ;aqmi f &G uf apcJ h &mrS p ]at mi f bmav
odef;qkXmecGJ}wpfckwnf;t jzpf&yfwnfvmcJh&m, aeYwkdi fyi f
jzpf ygawmh onf /
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J [ k t rnf wG i f aejci f ;
1938 ckESpfwGi f2 usyfwefxDpepfpwi fay:aygufpOfu
t jri hfqHk;csD;jri fhaomqkrSmusyfwpfodef;qkjzpfaomaMumi fhxDESi fh
ywf ouf ]od ef ;xD qk BuD ;?od ef ;xD zGi h f yGJ}ponf jzi f hac:a0:oH k ;EI ef ;
cJhMuygonf/ 5 usyfwefxDpepfwGi ft jri fhqHk;qkusyf(3) odef;
jzpf vm (12) Bud rf ajrmuf rS pwi f NyD ; usyf(5) od ef ;ok d Ywk d ;jr i f h ch J onf /
10 usyfwefxDpepfwGi ft jri hfqHk;qkrSmusyf(10) odef; (usyf
wpfoef;) jzpfygonf/ usyf50 wefxDpepfwGi ft jri hfqHk;qkrSm
usyfodef; (50) (usyfi g;oef;) jzpfvmcJhNyD; t Budrf(130) ajrmuf
50 usyfwefxDzGi hfyGJrSp t jri fhqHk;qkusyfodef; (100) (usyf
wpf uk a#) t xl ;qk BuD ;ud kzG i h f vS pf ay;cJ h ygonf / (137) Bud rf ajrmuf
usyf50 wefxDzGi hfyGJrSp t xl;qkBuD;wefzkd;udkusyfodef; (300)
(usyfoHk;uka#) okdYwkd;jri fhcJhygonf/ usyf100 wefxDpepfwGi f
t xl;qkBuD;udkusyfodef; (500) (usyfi g;uka#)okdYvnf;aumi f;?
usyf200 wefxD pepf wGi ft xl ;qk BuD ;ud kusyf od ef ; (1000) (usyf
wpf q, f uk a#) od k Y vnf ;aumi f ; wk d ;jr i f h zG i h f vS pf ay;cJ h ygonf / ok d Y &mwG i f
xDESi fhywfouf ]at mi fbmav odef;qkzGi hfyGJ?at mi fbmav
odef;qkvufrSwf?at mi fbmav odef;qkXmecGJ}[ l omac:a0:
oH k ;EI ef ;MuqJjzpf ygonf /
pD ;qif ;aeaomat mif bmav a&t vsOf
at mifbmavxDordkif; .. .., pD ;qif ;aeaomat mif bmav a&t vsOf
jrefrma0g[ m&rsm;wGi f]emrnfwGi fjci f;?t oHk;wGi fjci f;}
[ l onf ha0g[ m&wk d Yyg&S d ygonf /
uk ef ;abmi f acwf u jref rmou &mZf1221 ck ES pf wG i fri f ;wk ef ;
ri f ;BuD ; wnf axmi f awmf rl onf h &wemyH krE av;aejynf awmf BuD ;
\ vrf;wpfvrf;ESi fhwpfvrf;Mum; t uGmt a0;udk]wpfjy}[ k
ajymqk d oH k ;EI ef ; Muygonf / &wemyH k aejynf awmfwnf axmi f pOf u
]av;uRef;at mi fajr}[ korkwfawmfrlaomeef;NrdKUawmfBuD;udk
A[ kdjyK av;jyi fav;&yfvrf;rsm; azmufvkyf&m eef;NrdKUdk;ay:&dS
jyt kd;rsm;udkOD;wkdufumazmufvkyfcJhygonf/ vrf;wpfckESi fhwpfck
Mum; t uGmt a0;udkjyt kd;wpfckESi fhwpfckt uGmt a0;t wkdi f;
azmufvkyf NrdKUuGufrsm;csxm;cJhygonf/ okdYjzpf eef;NrdKUdk;qDokdY
OD ;wnf NyD ; vrf ;wpf vrf ;ud k qH k ;at mi favQmuf ygu jyt k d ;wpf ck ck ud k
rvGJraoGawGU&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumi fhyi frEav;NrdKU vrf;
wpf vrf ;ES i f hwpf vrf ;Mum;t uG mt a0;ud k]wpf jy}[ kac:qd k Mujci f ;
jzpf ygonf /
rE av;Nrd KU BuD ;rS mwpf pwpf p wk d ;wuf pnf yi f vmaomaMumi f h
NrdKUopfrsm; csJUxGi fwnfaqmufvmcJh&ygonf/ NrdKUopfrsm;wGi f
vrf;ESpfckMum; t uGmt a0;onfjyt kd;wpfckESi fhwpfckMum; t uGm
t a0; r[ k wf awmh ouJh ok d Yvrf ;wpf vrf ;\ OD ;wnf &monf vnf ;
jyt k d ;wpf ckr[ k wf awmh ygacs/ ok d Y &mwGi fvrf ;wpf vrf ;ES i f h wpf vrf ;
t uGmt a0;udkrl ]wpfjy}[ komac:a0:oHk;pGJMuawmhonf/
t oH k ;wG i f aejci f ;aMumi f h yi f jzpf ygonf /
jref rmEd k i f i H wG i ft yl yd k i f ;a' opd rf ;vef ;pk d jynf a&;t wG uf 1994
ck ES pf opf awma&;&m0ef BuD ;Xmeu -
(u) rauG;wk d i f ;wGi f -
(1) rauG;cd k i f ?(2) o&uf cd k i f ?(3) ri f ;bl ;ck d i f ?
(4) yck u Lcd k i f ?
(c) rE av;wk d i f ;wGi f-
(1) &rnf ;oi f ;cd k i f ?(2)jri f ;NcH cd k i f ?(3) rd w D vmcd k i f
(*) ppf ud k i f ;wk d i f ;wGi f-
(1) ppf ud k i f ;cd k i f ?(2) rH k &Gmcd k i f
pk pk aygi f ; (9) cd k i f wGi f]t xl ;a' o ud k ;cd k i f pd rf ;vef ;pd k jynf a&;}ud k
t aumi f t xnf azmfaqmi f &G uf cJ h&mt xl ;at mi f jri f cJ h ygonf /
opfawma&;&m0efBuD;Xmeonf (22- 7- 97) aeYwGi f
t ylydki f;a' o pdrf;vef;pkdjynfa&;OD;pD;XmeudkzGJUpnf; rauG;wkdi f;
, ci f av;ck d i f wG i f*ef Y a*gcd k i f wk d ;um(5) cd k i f ?rE av;wd k i f ; , ci f
oHk;cdki fudkanmi fOD;cdki fESi fhausmufqnfcdki fwkd;um(5) cdki f?
ppfudki f;wdki f;wGi f, ci fESpfcdki fudka&Tbkdcdki fwkd;um(3) cdki f?
pk pk aygi f ; (13) cd k i f t xdwk d ;csJ U umt aumi f t xnf azmfaqmi f &G uf
aeNyDjzpfonf/ okdY&mwGi f(13) cdki fpdrf;vef;pkdjynfa&; (t ylykdi f;
a' opdrf;vef;pkdjynfa&;)[ kajymi f;vJac:qkdjci f;rjyKawmhbJ
]ud k ;cd k i fpd rf ;vef ;pd k jynf a&;}[ k omt rnf wG i f vsuf &S d avonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; .., ..
t pk d ;&xD H k ;ât mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J wnf &mXmersm;
xk d Y t wlxD pepf rsm; wpf ck NyD ;wpf ckacwf t quf qufwk d ;wuf
ajymi f ;vJvm t jri f h qH k ;csD ;jr i f h onf hxD qk BuD ;rS m]od ef ;}rS]oef ;}?
]oef;}rS]uka#}okdYajymi f;vJcJhaomfvnf; xDESi fhywfouf
]at mi fbmavodef;qkzGi hfyGJ}?]at mi fbmavodef;qkvufrSwf}?
]at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ}[ komt rnfwGi fvsuf&Sdygawmh
onf /
t pd k ;&xD H k ;ât mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J wnf ae&mXmersm;
t pd k ;&xD H k ;ât mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J wnf &mXme (5) ck uk d
&efukefNrdKUwGi fyi fzGi hfvSpfcJhygonf/ ukdvdkeDacwfu yxrOD;qHk;
jref rmjynf t pd k ;&xD t k yf csKyf a&;t &m&S d H k ;uk d&ef uk ef Nrd KU ?urf ;em;vrf ;?
t rSwf(182) wGi fzGi hfvSpfcJhygonf/ *syefacwfwGi f&efukef
aejynfawmf?abmi f' &Dvrf; (, ck"rapwDvrf;)?t rSwf(253)
wG i fat mi f r*F vmod ef ;qk awmf H k t jzpfArmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&xD H k ;uk d
zGi hfvSpfcJhygonf/ zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;t NyD;?t *Fvdyfrsm;
jref rmEk d i f i H od k Yjyef vnf 0i f a&muf vmcsd ef wG i fjref rmEk d i f i H awmf t pk d ;&
A[ dkxDHk;ukdurf;em;vrf;?t rSwf(182) yi fjyefvnfzGi hfvSpfcJh
ygonf/ t pdk;&xDHk;ât mi fbmav odef;qkXmecGJwnf&mXme
rsm;uk dt csd ef umvES i h f , S Of at muf wG i f jyKpk azmf jyygonf /
pOf wnf ae&m t csd ef umv
1 t rSwf(182)?urf;em;vrf;?&efukefNrdKU/ 1938 rS1942 t xdd
2 t rSwf(253)?abmi f' &Dvrf; (, ck"r1942 rS1945 t xd
apwDvrf;)?&efukefNrdKU/
3 t rSwf(182)?urf;em;vrf;?&efukefNrdKU/ 1946 rS1953 t xdd
4 t rSwf(191)?(27) vrf;?&efukefNrdKU/ 1953 rS1991 t xdd
5 urf;em;vrf;ESi hfvrf;opfvrf;axmi hf? 1991 rS1995 t xd
&efukefNrdKU/
6 t rSwf(384)?r[ mAEKvvrf;ESi hf(37) 1995 rS, ck t xd
vrf ;axmi f h ?&ef uk ef Nrd KU /
t pd k ;&xD H k ;ât mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG Jt k yf csKyf a&;rS L;^T ef Mum;
a&;rSL;rsm;
t pdk;&xDHk;rsm;t jzpfwnf&SdcJhpOfu Hk;t BuD;t uJt jzpf
t kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;ukdcefYxm;cJhygonf/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf
at mi fbmavodef;qkXme jzpfvmcsdefwGi fvnf; Hk;t BuD;t uJrSm
t kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;yi fjzpfygonf/ 1- 10- 72 aeY jynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;
OD;pD;XmezGJUpnf;csdefwGi frSHk;t BuD;t uJudkTefMum;a&;rSL; t jzpf
cefYt yfcJhygonf/ t qufqufxrf;aqmi fvmcJhMuonfht kyfcsKyf
a&;rS L;^T ef Mum;a&;rS L; (22) OD ;uk dazmf jyygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; ..' .. pD ;qif ;aeaomat mif bmav a&t vsOf
pOf t rnf &mxl;
1 rp wmpD pD ca&mh (pf )bD1938 t kyfcsKyfa&;r;
2 rp wmt D ;a*szl vm 1938 rS1942 xd /
3 *OD ;pH Gef Y 1942 rS1945 xd /
4 OD ;jynf armi f armi f 1945 rS1953 xd /
5 OD ;at ;armi f pd ef 1953 rS1960 xd /
6 OD ;bk d uav; 1960 rS1964 xd /
7 **OD ;oef ;armi f 1964 rS11- 3- 73 /
8 OD ;t H k ;armi f 11- 3- 73 rS15- 5- 74 T ef Mum;a&;r ;
9 OD ;, k qk d i f 16- 6- 74 rS6- 7- 75 /
10 OD ;at mi f wi f 7- 7- 75 rS30- 6- 76 /
11 ***OD ;wi f 0i f ; 1- 7- 76 rS2- 6- 77 /
12 Ak d vf rS L;pd k ;G ef Y 3- 6- 77 rS10- 12- 78 /
13 Ak d vf rS L;wi f jri h f 11- 12- 78 rS31- 1- 81 /
14 OD ;wi f 0i f ; 1- 2- 81 rS10- 3- 81 /
umv
* ' k wd , T ef Mum;a&;r ;csKyf jzpf onf /
* *syef acwf umv?t k yf csKyf a&;r ;jzpf onf /
** t kyfcsKyfa&;r; OD;oef;armi fvufxufwGi f 1- 10- 72 aeY
jynf wGi f ;t cGef rsm;OD ;pD ;Xmet jzpfyl ;aygi f ;onf /
*** acw wG J zufaqmi f &G uf onf /
t kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;^TefMum;a&;rSL;rsm; t kyfcsKyfa&;rSL;^TefMum;a&;rSL;rsm;
pOf t rnf &mxl; umv
15 Ak d vf rS L;ausmf 0i f ; 11- 3- 81 rS30- 6- 82 T ef Mum;a&;r ;
16 Ak d vf rS L;aomi f ;a&T 1- 7- 82 rS23- 5- 84 /
17 *OD ;quf armi f 23- 5- 84 rS23- 1- 85 /
18 Ak d vf rS L;pk d ;od P f ;(Ni d rf ;) 23- 1- 85 rS26- 11- 90 /
19 Ak d vf rS L;ci f armi f vwf (Ni d rf ;) 26- 11- 90 rS2- 11- 00 /
20 OD ;&J xG #f 2- 11- 00 rS10- 9- 01 /
21 Ak d vf rS L;rsKd ;jri h f (Ni d rf ;) 10- 9- 01 rS15- 11- 04 /
22 ' k - Ak d vf rS L;BuD ;
wi f vI d i f a&T (Ni d rf ;) 10- 12- 2004 rS, aeY xd /
xD zG i h f yG J usi f ;ycJ h &mae&mrsm;
(u)bD at at abmvH k ;uG i f ;
yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rfxD zGi h f yGJud k 11- 10- 38 aeY wGi f&ef uk ef Nrd KU ?
bDat at abmvHk;uGi f; usi f;ycJhygonf/ jrefrmEkdi fi Ht m;upm;
t oi f ;uG i f ; (Burma Athletic Association Ground) ud kbD at at
(BAA) uGi f;[ kac:qkdcJhMujci f;jzpfygonf/ i f;abmvHk;uGi f;ukd
at mifbmavxDordkif; .. ..
jref rmEk d i f i H vGwf vyf a&;&NyD ;aemuf]at mi f qef ;upm;Nyd Ki f 0i f ;}[ k
t rnf ajymi f ;cJ h ygonf /
t rnfrsm;jzi hfHkrsm;aqmufvkyf aeYt csdefwGi fyi fjyZmwf?Zmwf
obi f rsm; ujyaeMu&ygonf / xk d obi f H k rsm;xJrSwpf ck jzpf aom
]uef awmf rd wf }obi f H k wG i f*syef acwf wpf avQmuf vH k ; xD zG i h f yG J rsm;
(*)&ef uk ef jrLeD pD yg, f Nrd KU awmf cef ;rBuD ;
Nrd KU awmf cef ;rBuD ;ud k1925 ck ES pf rS pwi f aqmuf vk yf &m(12) ES pf
t Mum1936 ckESpfwGi ft aqmuft t Hk\ rsufESmpmoHk;zufESi hf
t wGi f ;cef ;rsm; NyD ;pD ;aeNyD jzpf ]bk &i f cH qmt mcsD abmaumh u&d ef ;
(Sir Archibald Cochrane)}uk d , f wk d i ft crf ;t em;jzi h fzGi h f vS pf
ay;cJhygonf/ odkY&mwGi fbm;vrf; (, ckr[ mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;)
bufjcrf;rSm1938 ckESpfwGi frSNyD;pD;ojzi hfxkdESpfusrSyi fNrdKUawmf
cef;rBuD;wpfckvHk;at mi fjri fpGmaqmufvkyfNyD;pD;onf[ kqkd&ay
rnf / 18- 12- 1947 aeY wG i fusi f ;yaom(19) Bud rf ajrmuf xD zG i h f yG J
onfudkvdkeDacwf\ aemufqHk;xDzGi hfyGJjzpfNyD; NrdKUawmfcef;r yxr
xyf &S d cef ;rBuD ;wG i fzG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf / vG wf vyf a&;&&S d NyD ; aemuf wG i f
vnf ; xD zGi h f yGJaygi f ;rsm;pGmuk dNrd KU awmf cef ;r usi f ;ycJh ygonf /
Nrd KU awmf cef ;rBuD ; pwi f aqmuf vk yf onf h ck ES pf t rS wf t om;
uk dcef ;rBuD ;\ aemuf pnf yi f vrf ;buf &S da&qi f ;yk d uf rsm;\ xd yf wG i f
"1925" [ kazmi f ;<upmvH k ;jzi h fa&;om;xm;onf ud k, aeY wk d i f awGU
jri f Ek d i f ygonf /
(c)uef awmf rd wf obi f H k
*syef acwf wG i fppf ab;ppf ' P f cH ae&aomjref rmEk d i f i H ?&ef uk ef
NrdKU AHk;' P fui f;a0;onfhae&mrSma&Twd*HkapwDawmfjrwfBuD;
ajc&i f;wpf0kdufyi fjzpfygonf/ zvi f&Sm;yg;csdefjzpfaomaMumi fh
kyf&Si form;rsm; kyf&Si frkdufEkdi fbJjyZmwfuae&aomt csdef
jzpfygonf/ AHk;' P fui f;a0;&ma&Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD; t a&SUbuf
uef awmf BuD ;apmi f ;wGi f]vGi f vGi f }?]uef awmf rd wf }?]Nrd Ki f }ponf h
axmi h f &S dt aqmuf t t H k opf od k Yajymi f ;a&T U oGm;ojzi h fxk d t aqmuf
t t Hka[ mi f;wGi f?jrefrmjynft pdk;&xDt kyfcsKyfa&;t &m&SdHk;ukd
1- 6- 38 aeYrSpwi fzGi hfvSpfcJhjci f;jzpfygonf/ ESpfxyft aqmuf
t t H k jzpf at muf xyf t k wf n yf ?t ay:xyfysOf umt aqmuf t t H k
jzpf ygonf / xk d t aqmuf t t H k BuD ;\ ajrnD xyf cef ;rwG i fxD zG i h f yG J rsm;
usi f;ycJhygonf/ xkdt aqmuft t Hkukdzsufodrf; 10- 1- 53 aeY
wG i fajcmuf xyf H k ;BuD ; aqmuf vk yf &eft k wf jrpf cscJ h ygonf /
(p)*sLAvD a[ m
a&T wd *H k bk &m;vrf ;&S d*sLAvD a[ mwGi f vnf ; xD zGi h f yGJrsm;usi f ;y
cJh ygonf / (23) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wefxD zGi h f yGJuk d7- 8- 48 aeY wGi f
*sLAvD a[ m pwi f zGi h f vS pf cJh ygonf / aemuf yd k i f ;wGi f vnf ; t Bud rf
rsm;pGmqufvufusi f;ycJhonf/ , ckt cg*sLAvDa[ mae&mwGi f
(C) a&T wd *H k apwD awmf t aemuf buf rk cf uG uf vyf &S d
jyyGJNyd Ki f yGJBuD ;0i f ;
a&T wd *H k apwD awmf t aemuf buf rk cf uGuf vyf &S djyyGJNyd Ki f yGJBuD ;
0i f;wGi fjrefrmEkdi fi HvGwfvyfa&;&NyD; yxrOD;qHk;t BudrfzGi hfvSpf
cJhonfht Budrf(20) ajrmufxDzGi hfyGJukd18- 2- 1948 aeY pwi f
usi f ;ycJh ygonf / xk d uGi f ;BuD ;rS m, ck t cgod *Fk w &O, smOf awmf BuD ;
jzpf aeayNyD /
(i )xD H k ;a[ mi f ;
xDHk;a[ mi f;udk&efukefNrdKU?urf;em;vrf;?t rSwf(182) wGi f
wnf&SdonfhpmwkdufBuD; t aqmuft t Hka[ mi f;wGi fzGi hfvSpfcJh
ygonf/ pmwkdufBuD;rSmurf;em;vrf;ESi hfAkdvfat mi fausmfvrf;
wyfrawmfppfordki f;jywkdufBuD;udkxnf0gcrf;em;pGmaqmufvkyf
xm;&S d NyD ; jzpf ygonf /
t t H k wG i f yi fusi f ;yjyKvk yf cJ h aMumi f ;?1953 ck ES pf wG i fat mi f bmav
odef;qkXmeodkYt ouf(18) ESpft &G, f t i , fwef;pma&;
t jzpft vkyfpwi f0i fa&mufcJhNyD; 1995 ckESpfwGi fat mi fbmav
odef;qkXmecGJrSyi fXmecGJpma&;BuD;t qi hfjzi hft Ni drf;pm;, lcJhaom
a' :oi f;oi f;a0u ajymjyojzi hfod&SdrSwfom;&ygonf/ OD;jynf
armi f armi f t m; EI wf quf onf h yG J ud krd rd t vk yf 0i f pwG i fTELECOM
t aqmuft t Hk usi f;yonfudkukd, fwkdi fwufcJh&aMumi f;
a' :oi f ;oi f ;a0uwd wd ususajymjyygonf / od k Y &mwG i fLittle Sis-
ters' Road (, cka' :odef;wi fvrf;) wpfavQmufoGm;a&muf
abmvH k ;uGi f ;ES i h fTELECOM t aqmuf t t H k t m; ar;jref ;&S mazG
&m?t aqmuf t t H k a&mabmvH k ;uG i f ;yg &S mazG rawG U &S d &awmh acs/
(Z) pmayAd rmef
&efukefNrdKU?ukefonfvrf;?t rSwf529- 531 &SdpmayAdrmef
t aqmuf t t H k uk d1317 ck ES pf ?uqk efvqef ; (14) &uf(5-5-55)
Mumoyaw;aeYeHeuf(8;30) em&Dt csdefwGi ft crf;t em;jzi hf
zGi h f vS pf cJh ygonf / xk d t aqmuf t t H k \ (37) vrf ;buf rS0i f &aom
0i faygufrSwuf&onfhyxrxyfwGi f&Sdcef;rvnf; xDzGi hfyGJrsm;
usi f ;ycJ h ygonf / xd k cef ;rrS m, ck t cgpmayAd rmef pmMunh f wk d ufjzpf ae
NyD jzpf onf / od k Y &mwG i fxk d cef ;r\ xD zG i h f cJ h aompi f jri h f uk dEk d i f i H ausmf yef ;csD
q&mBuD ; OD ;bMunf \ ajr0k d i f ;obi f ES i h fZmwf obi fqD aq;yef ;csD
um;ES pf csyf ?0J , mwG i fcsd wf qG J vsufa&S ;rl rysufawG U Ek d i f ygao;onf /
(q)Little Sisters' Road &S dTELECOM t aqmuf t t H k
&efukefwd&pmefO, smOfawmi fbuf&SdAkdvfri f;acgi fvrf;udk
t xuf yef ;qk d ;wef ;vrf ;ausmf vQi fa' :od ef ;wi f vrf ;[ kac:wGi f yg
onf / a' :od ef ;wi f vrf ;rS m, ci f u Little Sisters' Road jzpf ygonf /
i f;vrf;ay:&SdabmvHk;uGi f;t eD;rSTELECOM t aqmuft t Hk
wGi f vnf ; xD zGi h f yGJusi f ;ycJh aMumi f ;?1953 ck ES pf wGi ft Ni d rf ;pm;, l cJh
onf hxD ri f ;BuD ; OD ;jynf armi f armi f t m; EI wf quf yG J uk dxk d t aqmuf
(n)od rf BuD ;aps; (pD ) H k
r[ mAE Kvvrf ;ES i h ft aemf &xmvrf ;Mum; a&T wd *H k bk &m;vrf ;
ay:wGi fwnf &S d aomod rf BuD ;aps; (pD ) H kajrnD xyfawmi f buf jcrf ;
vnf ; xD zG i f h yG J rsm; usi f ;ycJh ygonf /
(ps)t i fAGdKi f;cef;r
OD;0dpm&vrf;ray:wGi f&Sdaomt i fAGdKi f;cef;r (, ckwyfrawmf
cef ;r)wG i f vnf ; xD zG i h f yG J rsm; usi f ;ycJ h zl ; aMumi f ;?wpf acwf wpf cgu
t vG ef emrnf ausmf Mum;at mi f jri f cJ h aomat mi f qk yef xD qk d i f yk d i f &S i f
OD ;wi f t k ef ;u ajymjyojzi h f od &S d rS wf om;&ygonf /
(#)ajcmuf xyf H k ;opf BuD ;
ajcmufxyfHk;opfBuD;rSmjrefrmjynft pdk;&xDt kyfcsKyfa&;
t &m&S d H k ;ud kzsuf od rf ; aqmuf vk yf jci f ; jzpf aomaMumi h ft aqmuf
t t H k opf BuD ;wG i fat mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmeES i h f wuGat mi f bmav
odef;qkzGi hfyGJusi f;y&efcef;rBuD;ygxnfhoGi f;wnfaqmuf&efpDrH
cJhygonf/ t aqmuft t HkNyD;pD;onfht csdefwGi fat mi fbmav
od ef ;qk Xmeud kajcmuf xyf H k ;opf BuD ;wGi fjyef vnf zGi h f vS pf cJh jci f ; r&S d
aomf vnf ; ajcmuf xyf H k ;opf BuD ;t v, f &S dyxrxyf cef ;rBuD ;wG i f
xD zG i h f yG J rsm;usi f ;ycJ h ygonf /
ajcmuf xyf H k ;opf BuD ;
(X)r[ w r*E D at muf arh zG , f &mcef ;r
ukefonfvrf;ESi hfAkdvfat mi fausmfvrf;axmi hf&SdoHk;xyf
t aqmuft t HkBuD;\ t ay:qHk;xyfwGi fr[ wr*EDat mufarh
zG, f &mcef ;r &S d ygonf / xk d cef ;rwGi f vnf ; ]2 usyf wef xD }zGi h f yGJrsm;?
t Bud rf aygi f ;rsm;pG mzG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
(! )(27) vrf ;H k ;
ajcmufxyfHk;opfBuD;aqmufvkyf&eft pdk;&xDt kyfcsKyfa&;
t &m&S d H k ;t aqmuf t t H k uk d zsuf od rf ;vk d uf ojzi h f1953 ck ES pf uyi f
(27) vrf;?t rSwf(191) okdYajymi f;a&TUcJh&ygonf/ xkdt csdefwGi f
]at mi fbmavodef;qkXme}[ kac:wGi faeNyDjzpfonf/ okdY&mwGi f
at mifbmavxDordkif; . .
vl t rsm;u (27) vrf ;xD H k ;[ k ac:a0:ajymqk d cJ h Muonf / 1- 10- 72
aeY wGi fjynf wGi f ;t cGef rsm;OD ;pD ;Xme pwi f zGJU pnf ;csd ef wH qd yf acgi f ;
cG ef ES i h fat mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J t jzpfvnf ;aumi f ;?1976 ck ES pf
wGi fat mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecGJt jzpfoD ;jcm;&yf wnf cJh jci f ;onf
vnf ;aumi f ; (27) vrf ;H k ;wG i f yi f jzpf ay:cJ h ygonf /
(27) vrf ;t wGi f ;od k YAk d vf csKyf at mi f qef ;vrf ;buf rS0i f vm
vQi fAkdvfcsKyfaps;opf?p&Drlwl;rm&D, rmef[ dELAk' bmombk&m;
ausmi f ;ES i h fyef ;bJ wef ;Nrd KU e, f ?t ajccH ynmrl vwef ;ausmi f ; t rS wf
(3) wd k Y ud kt pOf t wk d i f ; awG U &rnf jzpf onf / yef ;bJ wef ; t .r.u (3)
\ awmi f buf wGi f, ck aqmuf vk yf qJt aqmuf t t H k BuD ;ae&m
at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ(27) vrf;Hk;wnf&SdcJhygonf/ t apm
yk d i f ;wG i f(27) vrf ;H k ; xD zG i h f yG J cef ;r r&S d ojzi h f ?pmayAd rmef ?od rf BuD ;aps;
(pD) Hk?NrdKUawmfcef;r?*sLAvDa[ m?ajcmufxyfHk;opf?*EDcef;rwdkY
oG m;a&muf zG i h f vS pf Mu&ygonf / t jcm;aomcef ;rrsm;ok d YoG m;a&muf
zG i h f vS pf &m uk ef usonf h cef ;ri S m;&rf ;p&d wf rsm;?xD zG i h f yG J ES i h f ywf ouf
onfhypnf;rsm; rysufpD;at mi fo, f, l&onfht cuft cJrsm;?
o, f yk d Y p&d wf rsm; Ni d rf ;&avat mi f(27) vrf ;H k ;wG i f yi fxD zG i h f yG J cef ;r
wpf ckwnf aqmuf cJ h ygonf / 2 usyf wefxD pepf \ aES mi f ;yk d i f ;umv
xD zG i h f yG J rsm;uk d vnf ;aumi f ;? 5 usyf wefxD pepf \ yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rf
xD zG i h f yG J rS p (26) Bud rf ajrmuf t xdvnf ;aumi f ; (27) vrf ;H k ;xD zG i h f
yGJcef;rwGi fzGi hfvSpfcJhygonf/ (27) vrf;Hk;wnf&SdcJh&mae&mudk
yef ;bJwef ;Nrd KU e, ft .r.u (3) ES i f haqmuf vk yf qJt aqmuf t t H k
BuD ;wd k Y yH k jzi f hazmf jyvk d uf ygonf /
() zuf pyf aumf yd k a&;&S i f ;t rS wf(2) vD rd wuf t aqmuf t t H k
at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ\ vkyfi ef;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wkd;wuf
vmojzi hf(27) vrf;Hk;wGi fae&mrvHkavmufawmhaomaMumi hf
urf ;em;vrf ;ES i h f vrf ;opf vrf ;axmi h f &S d zuf pyf aumf yd k a&;&S i f ;t rS wf
(2) vD rd wuf t aqmuf t t H k od k Y1991 ck ES pf ?rwf vwGi fajymi f ;a&T U
cJhygonf/ 3- 4- 91 aeYwGi fxdkt aqmuft t Hkopf\ ajrnDxyf
xD zG i h f yG J cef ;r 5 usyf wef xD pepf \ aemuf qH k ;t Bud rf jzpf onf h(27)
Bud rf ajrmufxD zG i h f yG J ES i h f5 usyf wefxD pepf \ t Bud rf pOf ud kquf vuf
a&wG uf zG i h f vS pf rnf h(28) Bud rf ajrmuf10 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf rsm;
a&mi f;csjci f; t crf;t em;wkdYudkwpfNydKi fwnf; usi f;ycJhygonf/
at mifbmavxDordkif; .,~ .,.
xD zG i h f yG J cef ;ropf BuD ;wG i f10 usyf wef xD(15) Bud rf zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
10 usyf wef xD pepf \ t Bud rf pOf uk dquf vuf a&wGuf onf h(96)
Bud rf ajrmuf50usyf wefxD zG i h f yG J rS onf(202) Bud rf ajrmuf t xd50
usyfwefxD(107) BudrfzGi hfvSpfcJhygonf/ 50 usyfwefxDpepf\
t BudrfpOfukdqufvufa&wGufonfh100 usyfwefxDpepf\
yxrqHk;jzpfonfh(203) BudrfajrmufxDzGi fhyGJrSonf(239) Budrf
t xd100 usyf wefxD(39) Bud rf zG i f h vS pf cJ h ygonf / 100 usyf wefxD
pepf \ t Bud rf pOf ud kquf vuf a&wG uf onf h200 usyf wef xD pepf \
yxrqHk;jzpfonfht Budrf(240) ajrmufrSp , ckt csdeft xd
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J xD zG i f h yG J cef ;rBuD ;wG i f yi fxD zG i h f yG J ud kvpOf
vqef ; (1) &uf aeY wk d i f ; usi f ;yvsuf &S d ygonf /
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J H k ;opf BuD ;
3- 5- 91 aeY wGi fpwi f zGi h f vS pf aom(28) Bud rf ajrmuf rS3- 9- 95
aeY wGi fzGi h f vS pf aomt Bud rf(80) ajrmuf t xd10 usyf wef xD zGi h f yGJ
(53) Bud rfusi f ;ycJ h ygonf /
zuf pyf f aumf yd k a&;&S i f ;t rS wf(2) vD rd wuf t aqmuf t t H k
(P )at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J xD zG i h f yG J cef ;r
&efukefNrdKU?ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe, f?r[ mAEKvvrf;ESi hf(37)
vrf ;axmi f h ?t rS wf(384) wG i fwnf &S d aomat mi f bmavod ef ;qk
XmecGJHk;t qmuft t HkopfBuD;udk29- 9- 95 aeYwGi ft crf;t em;
jzi h fzG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf / H k ;opf BuD ;\ t ay:qH k ;xyf(pwk w xyf ) xD zG i f h yG J
cef;rBuD;wGi f3- 10- 95 aeSzGi hfvSpfaom(81) Budrfajrmuf10
usyf wefxD zG i h f yG J rSpwi f zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf / 3- 12- 96 aeY wG i fzG i h f vS pf
aom(95) Bud rf ajrmuf wGi f10 usyf wef xD pepf &yf qk d i f ;oGm;ojzi h f
at mifbmavxDordkif; ., .,,
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk vuf rS wf rsm; yH k ES d yf &mXmersm;
(u)awmrwf (pf )' D vml ;t i f uk r P D vD rd wuf
yxrOD;qHk;t BudrfxDvufrSwfay:wGi fyHkESdyf&mXme azmfjy
xm;jci f ;r&S d ay/ od k Y &mwGi fpk aqmi f ;&&S d onf ha&S ;OD;xD vuf rS wf rsm;
t euft Bud rf(20) ES i h f(21) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf
wdkY\ at mufajcwGi fTHOMAS DE LA RUE & CO., LTD.
LONDON [ kazmf jyxm;ygonf /
THOMAS DE LA RUE & CO., LTD. rS mt *Fvef Ek d i f i H
vef ' ef Nrd KU wG i ft ajcpd k uf jref f rmEk d i f i H ?&ef uk ef Nrd KU vnf ; THOMAS
DE LA RUE t rnf jzi h fui f ;bJvf vrf ; (, ck i g;xyf BuD ;bk &m;
vrf;) yHkESdyfpufwpfckwnfaxmi fcJhaMumi f; pkHprf;od&Sd&ojzi hf
i g;xyfBuD;bk&m;vrf;odkYoGm;a&mufMunhfIavhvm&myHkESdyfwdkuf
[ l jyef Mum;a&;0ef BuD ;Xme?yH k ES d yf a&;ES i h f pmt k yf xk wf a0a&;vk yf i ef ;
at muf &S dzd k wd k vpf od kyH k ES d yf puf H k ud k omawG U &S d &ygonf / i f ;puf H k rS L;
OD ;vI d i f 0i f ;acgi f(, ck t Ni d rf ;pm;) ES i h f' k wd , puf H k rS L; OD ;xG ef ;a&T wd k Y ud k
awG U qH k ar;jref ;&m, ck zd k wd k vpf ok dyH k ES d yf puf H k rS mawmrwf (pf )' D vml ;
yH k ES d yf puf H k yi f jzpf aMumi f ;?1951 ck ES pf wG i fEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&u ai G usyf
1020180^-jzi h f0, f , l cJ h aMumi f ;?1954 ck ES pf wG i f rSPhoto Lithog-
raphy enf;pepfjzi hfdkkuffESdyfonfhzdkwdkvpfodkyHkESdyfpufudkzGi hfvSpf
cJ h aMumi f ;ES i f hjyef Mum;a&;0ef BuD ;Xme?yH k ES d yf a&;ES i f h pmt k yf xk wf a0a&;
vk yf i ef ;vuf at muf &S dyH k ES d yf wd k uf jzpf aMumi f ;wd k Y ud k&S i f ;vi f ;ajymjy
Muygonf /
xk d Y t jyi fawmrwf (pf )' D vml ;yH k ES d yf wd k uf onf' k wd , ur mppf
t wGi f ;u wk wf Ek d i f i H t wGufai Gpu Lrsm;ud kd k uf ES d yf ay;cJh aMumi f ;
ud k vnf ; ajymjycJ h ygonf /
odkYjzpf t Budrf(20) ESi hf(21) Budrfajrmuf2 usyfwefxD
vufrSwfrsm;ay:wGi fazmfjyxm;onfrSmvef' efNrdKUt ajcpdkuf
uk r P D \ t rnf omjzpf NyD ; t rS ef pi f ppfjref rmEk d i f i H wGi fwnf axmi f
xm;onfh?ai GpuLrsm;udkyi fdkufESdyfEkdi favmufat mi ft qi hf
t wef;jri hfrm;onfh?awmrwf(pf)' Dvml;yHkESdyfpufHkomdkufESdyf
cJ h onf [ k , l q&ygonf /
awmrwf (pf )' D vml ;t i f uk r P D vD rd wuf f rS
aemuf qH k ;d k uf ES d yf cJ h aomxD vuf f rS wf yH k
at mifbmavxDordkif; .,, .,
(c) t pd k ;&A[ d k yH k ES d yf puf H k(Government Press)
(22) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf rsm;rS pwi f t pd k ;&
A[ d k yH k ES d yf puf H k wG i fd k uf ES d yf cJ h ygonf / t pd k ;&A[ d k yH k ES d yf puf H k rS mod rf jzL
vrf;ESi hft aemf&xmvrf;axmi fhwGi fwnf&Sdonfht kwfeDa&mi f
oHk;xyft aqmuft t HkBuD;yi fjzpfygonf/ , ckt cgjyefMum;a&;
0efBuD;Xme?yHkESdyfa&;ESi hfpmt kyfxkwfa0a&;vkyfi ef;at mufwGi f
A[ d k yH k ES d yf puf H k t jzpfquf vuf wnf &S daqmi f &G uf aeqJ jzpf ygonf /
cJ pmvH k ;rsm; t oH k ;jyK d k uf ES d yf &onf hyH k ES d yf puf BuD ;rsm;yi f&S d aeao;
jref rmEd k i f i H jyef wrf ;rsm;ud kd k uf ES d yf qJ jzpf ygonf /
A[ d k yH k ES d yf puf H k \ yxrxyf wG i fvQKd U 0S uf cef ; (Secret Section)
wnf&Sdygonf/ xdkt cef;wGi fxDvufrSwfrsm;ukdyHkESdyfcJhjci f; jzpfyg
onf / A[ d k yH k ES d yf puf H k u yxrqH k ;d k uf ES d yf ay;cJ h aom(22) Bud rf ajrmuf
2 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf wGi fat muf cH ' D Zdk i f ;t jzpf"Government
of burma" [ l aompmwef ;ud kt 0g&i h f a&mi fjzi h fpOf quf rjywf
t wef ;vd k ufazmf jyd k uf ES d yf xm;ygonf / i f ;t ay:wG i fAd k i f ;i i f aeaom
t rsKd;orD;uav;ESi hf&ufuef;&ufaeaomt rsKd;orD;uav;wdkU
yHkudkt pdrf;a&mi fri fjzi hfdkufESdyfxm;ygonf/ xkdpOfu xDvufrSwf
eH ygwf rsm;ud kjref rmt *F vd yf ES pf bmomjzi h fazmf jyxm;ygonf / jref rm
t u &mES i h ft *Fvd yf t u &mwd k U ud k vnf ; t pd rf ;a&mi f jzi h f yi fk d uf ES d yf
xm;ygonf / od k Y &mwGi fjref rmt *Fvd yf *P ef ;eH ygwf rsm;ud k rlt euf
a&mi fri f jzi h foD ;jcm;d k uf ES d yf xm;ygonf /
vG wf vyf a&;&NyD ;pt csd ef wG i fA[ d k yH k ES d yf puf H k rS mjref f f rmEk d i f i H awmf
t pd k ;&yH k ES d yf a&;ES i h f pma&;ud &d , mXme (Government Printing and
yH k ES d yf a&;ES i f h pmt k yf xk wf a0a&;vk yf i ef ;?A[ d k yH k ES d yf puf H k
zd k wd k vpf od k yH k ES d yf wk d uf ?, ci f awmrwf (pf )' D vml ;yH k ES d yf puf H k
at mifbmavxDordkif; .,' .,
Stationery, Burma ) \ vuf at muf wGi f &S d NyD ; t k yf csKyf a&;r ;rS m
OD ;apmat mi f jzpf ' k wd , t k yf csKyf a&;r ;rS m(Deputy Superiten-
dent) rS mOD ;xi f avsmi fjzpf ygonf /
A[ dkyHkESdyfpufHk xDvufrSwfrsm; pwi fdkufESdyfuwnf;u
vufrSwfeHygwfrsm; xnfhoGi f;dkufESdyfjci f;rjyKbJt *FvefrSrSm, l
wi f oG i f ;onf heH ygwf k d uf puf(Numbering Machine) jzi h foD ;jcm;
dkufESdyfcJhygonf/ xkdUaMumi fh(22) BudrfajrmufxDvufrSwfwGi f
at muf cH ' D Zd k i f ;?ok yf azmf yH k rsm;ES i h fvuf rS wf eH ygwf rS mwpf om;wnf ;
rjzpf bJoD ;jcm;pD jzpf aejci f ; jzpf ygonf /
eHygwfdkufpufudkt *FvefEdki fi HrSrSm, l&mwGi fjrefrmEdki fi H
xd k t csd d ef u t oH k ;jyKaeaomjref f rm^t *Fvd yf*P ef ;cJpmvH k ;rsm;ES i h f
rwl&avat mi fOD;xi favsmi fu pDpOfrSm, lcJhygonf/ eHygwfdkuf
pufjzi hfdkufESdyfxm;aomjrefrm*P ef;?t *Fvdyf*P ef;rsm;udk
avh vmEk d i f Mu&efat muf wG i fazmf jyt yf ygonf /
t pd k ;&A[ k d yH k ES d yf wd k uf rSyxrqH k ;d k uf ES d yf cJ h aomxD vuf rS wf yH k
xD vuf rS wf rsm;d k uf ES d yf &ef t wG ufpu Lud kjynf yu rS m, l cJ h ygonf /
rwk yEk d i f ap&efBud K;puav;rsm; ygaompu Lrsm;ud kwi f oG i f ; d k uf ES d yf cJ h yg
onf / Bud K;puav;rsm;yg0i f onf hpu Lrsm;r&&S d yguvnf ; aemuf cH
' D Zd k i f ;ud kpmwef ;rsm;jzi h fvuf rS wf wpf apmi f vH k ; t jynh f d k uf ES d yf xnh f
oG i f ;jci f ;jzi h ft wk t yjyKvk yf jci f ;ud kwm;qD ; [ ef Y wm;cJ h ygonf / xk d pOf u
jzwf yd k i f ;jyef yd k U &aomaMumi f ht rnf ES i h f vd yf pma&;om;&onf hjzwf yd k i f ;
ES i h f xD vuf rS wf \ Mum; qk wf NzJ &vG , f ul at mi fxnh f oG i f ; xm;onf h
t yf ayguf rsOf ;aMumi f ;ud k cG vsufyef ;uG uf ' D Zd k i f ;rsm;ud kxnh f oG i f ;d k uf
ES d yf xm;ygonf / xD vuf rS wf ES i h fjzwf yd k i f ;wd k Y ud k jyef vnfquf pyf Munh f
ygu t wk qd k vQi fwpf om;wnf ; quf pyf rd rnf r[ k wf yg/ xk d Y t jyi fxk d
yef ;uG uf ' D Zk d i f ;rsm;Mum;"BSL"?"BSLD" ponf ht *F vd yf yef ;pmvH k ;rsm;
ud k vnf ; xnh f oG i f ; d k uf ES d yf avh&S d ygonf / "BSL" rS m"Burma State
Lottery" \ t wd k aumuf pmvH k ;jzpf "BSLD" rS m"Burma State
Lottery Department" t wGuft wd k aumufpmvH k ; jzpf ygonf /
"BSLD" wH qd yf yg&S d aomxD vuf rS wf yH k
at mifbmavxDordkif; ., .,
A[ d k yH k ES d yf wd k uf xH rSvuf cH &&S d onf hxD vuf rS wf wpf apmi f csi f ;
ay:wGi fat mi f bmavod ef ;qk Xmeu vnf ; a&mf bmwH qd yf wH k ;jzi h f
t yfaygufrsOf;aMumi f;udkcGvsufvQKdU0SufwHqdyfrsm; xyfrHdkufESdyf
ygonf / t Bud rf pOf wpf ck t wGuf' D Zk d i f ;rwl onf h a&mf bmwH qd yf wH k ;
(3) wH k ;jyKvk yf xm;NyD ; rnf onf h eH ygwf rSrnf onf heH ygwf t xdk d uf ES d yf
onf ha&mf bmwH qd yf wH k ;' D Zk d i f ;ES i h fri f a&mi f wk d Y ud kvQKd U 0S uf jci f ;jzi h f ?qk &
vufrSwft wkwi fjyvmonfht cgvufcHjzwfykdi f;ESi hfwpfquf
wnf ; jzpf rjzpfppf aq;Munf h Ek d i f ygonf /
xdkuJhodkYxDvufrSwfrsm;udkt wkt y rjyKvkyfEkdi fat mi f
Bud K;yrf ;cJ h &jci f ;rS mvH k NcH Ka&;ri f jzi h fyH k ES d yf jci f ; rjyKEd k i f ao;aomaMumi f h
jzpf ygonf / at mi f bmavod ef ;qk Xmeu t oH k ;jyKcJh aoma&mf bm
vQKd U 0S uf wH qd yfwH k ;erl emt csKd U ud k azmf jyt yf ygonf /
vQKd U Y 0S uf wH qd yf wH k ;erl emrsm;yH k
(*)vH k NcH Ka&;ES i h f qk d i f aomyH k ES d yf vk yf i ef ;rsm;puf H k(0gZD )
0gZD vk yf i ef ;pD rH ud ef ;puf H k uyxrqH k ;k d uf ES d yf ay;cJ h aomxD vuf rS wf
t pd k ;&A[ d k yH k ES d yf wd k uf wGi f2 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf rsm;ud k(22)
Bud rf rS pwi f (179) Bud rf ajrmuft xd d k uf ES d yf cJ h ygonf /
2- 10- 1974 aeY wGi f pwi f a&mi f ;cs 2- 12- 1974 aeY wGi f
pwi fzGi hfvSpfonfht Budrf(180) ajrmuf2 usyfwefxDvufrSwf
rsm;rS p 0gZD vk yf i ef ;pD rH ud ef ;puf H k u &d k uf ES d yf ay;cJ h ygonf /
2 usyfwefxDvufrSwfrsm;udk(266) Budrfajrmuft xd0gZD
vk yf i ef ;pD rH ud ef ;puf k H u d k uf ES d yf ay;cJ hygonf /
1988 ckESpfwGi f]0gZDvkyfi ef;pDrHudef;pufHk}udk]vHkNcHKa&;ESi hf
qd k i f aomyH k ES d yf vk yf i ef ;rsm;puf H k(0gZD ) }[ kajymi f ;vJ ac:a0: cJ h ygonf /
1988 ck ES pf ?' D Zi f bmvwG i fpwi f a&mi f ;csrnf h(1) Bud rf ajrmuf
5 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf rsm;ES i f h1989 ck ES pf ?azazmf 0g&D vwGi fpwi f
a&mi f ;csrnf h(2) Bud rf ajrmuf5 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf rsm;ud kd k uf ES d yf
ay;yg&efat mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J u vH k NcH Ka&;ES i f h qd k i f aomyH k ES d yf
vk yf i ef ;rsm;puf H k od k YrS mMum;cJ h jci f ;r&S d yg/
at mifbmavxDordkif; .,~ .,.
1988 ckESpf?' DZi fbmvwGi fa&mi f;cs 1989 ckESpf?Zefe0g&D
vwGi fzGi h f vS pf cJh aom(265) Bud rf ajrmuf(pH k ^v) ' D Zi f bmvwGi f
a&mi f ;cscJ h jci f ;aMumi h f(pH k ^v)2 usyf wef xD ?1989 ck ES pf ?Zef e0g&D v
wG i f a&mi f ;cs azazmf 0g&D vwG i fzG i h f vS pf cJ h aom(265) Bud rf ajrmuf
(r^v) Zef e0g&D vwGi fa&mi f ;cscJh jci f ;aMumi f h(r^v)2 usyf wef
xDESi hf1988 ckESpf?' DZi fbmvESi hf1989 Zefe0g&Dv (2) vt wGi f;
a&mi f;cs azazmf0g&DvwGi fzGi hfvSpfcJhaom(1) Budrfajrmuf5
usyfwefxDvufrSwfwdkYrSme*dkrlvu t rsKd;t pm;wlt a&mi fwl
wpf Bud rf wnf ;wG i f t wl wl d k uf ES d yf xm;onf hxD vuf rS wf rsm; jzpf yg
onf / 4i f ;wk d Y ud kt u &mt vk d ufcGJjcm;owf rS wf xD vuf rS wf rsm;
ay:wGi f5 usyfweft wGuf]t BudrfpOfESi fhwefzkd;}wkdYudka&mfbm
wH qd yf wH k ;rsm;jzi f hcG J jcm;d k uf ES d yf a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
xk d Y t wl1989 ck ES pf ?azazmf 0g&D vwGi fa&mi f ;cs rwf vwGi f
zGi hfvSpfcJhaom(266) Budrfajrmuf(pHk^v) 2 usyfwefxD?rwfv
wGi f a&mi f ; {NyD vwGi fzGi h f vS pf cJh onf h(266) Bud rf ajrmuf(r^v)
2 usyfwefxDESi fhazazmf0g&DESi fhrwf(2) vt wGi f;a&mi f;csum
{NyDvwGi fzGi hfvSpfcJhaom(2) Budrfajrmuf5 usyfwefxDvufrSwf
wkdYudkvnf; a&mfbmwHqdyfwHk;jzi fhyi f]t BudrfpOfESi fhwefzkd;}wkdYudk
cG J jcm;d k uf ES d yfa&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
2 usyfwefxDpepfrSm(266) Budrf(r^v) xDzGi fhyGJt NyD;wGi f
t qH k ;owf oGm;NyD jzpf ojzi f h5 usyf wefxD wpf rsKd ;omusef &S d ygawmh
onf / 5 usyf wef xD zG i f h yG J rsm;ud k vnf ; (2) vwpf Bud rfusi f ;yae&mrS
wpf vwpf Bud rf ok d Yajymi f ;vJ usi f ;yvk d uf aomaMumi f h{NyD vt wG i f ;
a&mi f ;csaeaom(3) Bud rf ajrmuf5 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf rsm;t wG uf
xD zG i h f yG J ud karvqef ;wG i fusi f ;ycJ h ygonf /
5 usyf wef xD pepf \ (3) Bud rf ajrmuf t wG uf rS p vH k NcH Ka&;ES i f h
qd k i f aomyH k ES d yf vk yf i ef ;rsm;puf H k(0gZD ) u 5 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf rsm;
pwi f d k uf ES d yf ay;ygonf /
(3) Budrfajrmuf5 usyfwefxDvufrSwfay:wGi ft BudrfpOf
azmf jyxm;jci f ;r&S d ao;aomf vnf ; xD vuf rS wf wef zd k ;uk d rl] 5d}[ k
pwi fazmfjycJhygonf/ (4) BudrfESi fh(5) BudrfajrmufwkdYwGi fvnf;
t BudrfpOfudkazmfjyjci f;r&Sdao;ay/ (6) BudrfajrmufusrSom
t Bud rf pOf ud k pwi f azmf jyygawmh onf /
xD vuf rS wf ES i f hvuf cH jzwf yd k i f ;t Mum; t yf ayguf rsOf ;aMumi f ;
ud k cG umd k uf ES d yf cJ h onf hvQKd U 0S uf wH qd yfd k uf ES d yf jci f ;ud k vnf ; 5 usyf wef
xDpepfpwi fuwnf;u aqmi f&Guf&efrvkdt yfawmhyg/ xD
vuf rS wfeH ygwf rsm;ud kSecurity Printing Bank-Note Tester jzi f h
ppf aq;vsufa&mi f ajymi f ;awmuf aomvH k NcKH a&;ri f jzi f hvH k NcKH a&;ES i h f
qkdi faomyHkESdyfvkyfi ef;rsm;pufHku dkufESdyfay;aomaMumi fht wk
t ppf vG , f ul pG mppf aq;Ek d i f NyD jzpfaomaMumi f hjzpf ygonf /
, ci fu jrefrmht oHrSxDaygufpOfrsm;udkaMunmvQi fqk&
vufrSwfeHygwfudk]t wdwf}ESi fhwGJ aMunmavh&Sdygonf/
Oyrm/ / usyf wpf od ef ;qkqGwf cl ;&&S d onf hvuf rS wf eH ygwf rsm;rS m
at mifbmavxDordkif; ., .,,
]u 12 34 56}t wdwfrSm]odef;rvm&i faomi f;vmyg}?
]c 345678}? t wd wf rS m]jzwf yd k i f ;rvm]jzwf yd k i f ;rvm}qk d onf rS m
t wdwfr[ kwfacs/ xDqkdi frsm;rSat mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJokdY
jyef vnf ay;yk d Y &onf hvuf cH jzwf yd k i f ;rsm; jyef vnf vuf cH r&&S d aom
aMumi f hvuf cH jzwf yd k i f ;ay:wG i f a&;om;xm;onf h]t rnf ?ae&yf ES i f h
t wd wf }wk d Y ud krod d &S d ygaMumi f ; azmf jyonf h pum;&yf omjzpf ygonf /
10 usyfwefxDpepfokdYajymi f;vJcJhonfh(28) Budrfajrmuf
10 usyfwefxDvufrSwfrsm;rSp vufcHjzwfydki f; xnfhoGi f;jci f;
r&S d awmh bJvuf rS wf rsm;csnf ; ouf ouf omd k uf ES d yf xD pmt k yf rsm;
csKyf ygawmhonf /
2 usyfwefxDpepfrSp 5 usyfwefxDpepf?4i f;rSonf
10 usyf wef xD pepf(78) Bud rf ajrmuf t xdxD vuf rS wf rsm;ay:wG i f
xDxkd;olu rdrdwkdYBuKdufESpfouf&m]t wdwf}ukda&;om;Edki f&ef
]t wd wf }[ ka&;om;azmf jyvsufae&may;xm;ygonf / ok d Y &mwGi f
(79) Budrfajrmuf10 usyfwefxDvufrSwfrsm; rSp ]t wdwf}
a&;&ef ae&muG , f aysmuf cJ h ygonf /
2 usyfwefxDpepf\ t Budrf(180) rSonf5 usyfwef?
10 usyf wef ?usyf50 wef ?usyf100 wef rSusyf200 wefxD pepf
t xdt qi hfqi hfajymi f;vJcJhorQxDvufrSwfrsm;udkjynfwGi f;
t cG ef rsm;OD ;pD ;Xme?at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J t wG ufvH k NcKH a&;ES i f h
qk d i f aomyH k ES d yfvk yf i ef ;rsm;puf H k(0gZD ) u vH k NcKH a&;t qi h f t wef ;jzi f h
d k uf ES d yf ay;vsuf&S d ygonf /
xD pepf rsm;ajymi f ;vJ yH k t qi h f qi h f
2 usyf wef xD pepf
13- 6- 38 aeY wG i fpwi f a&mi f ;cs 11- 10- 38 aeY wG i fyxr
OD ;qH k ;t Bud rfxD zG i h f vS pf onf /
yxrOD ;qH k ;t Bud rf wG i fxD vuf rS wf(15) apmi f ygwpf t k yf vQi f
28 usyf jzi h fa&mi f ;cs wpf apmi f csi f ; 2 usyf jzi h fa&mi f ;csonf / ' k wd ,
t Bud rf rS p (11) apmi f ygwpf t k yf vQi f20 usyf EI ef ;jzi h fa&mi f ;cscJ h NyD ;
wpf apmi f csi f ;uk d2 usyf jzi h f yi fa&mi f ;cscJ h onf /
xD pmt k yf wpf t k yf vQi f(11) apmi f ud kxk d rS p , aeY wk d i fxm;&S d
d k uf ES d yf qJ jzpf ygonf /
1942 ckESpf?rwfvrwdki frD2 usyfwefxDukd(13) Budrft xd
zG i h f vS pf cJ h NyD ; &yf em;cJ h &onf /
*syefacwfwGi f15- 11- 42 aeY *syefacwfyxrt Budrf2
usyf wef xD uk dpwi f zGi h f vS pf NyD ; (8) Bud rf zGi h f vS pf Ek d i f cJh &m1945 ck ES pf ?
rwf vwG i fzuf qpf *syef awmf vS ef a&;ES i h f t wl&yf qk d i f ;oG m;cJ h onf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; .,, .,
t *F vd yf rsm; jyef vnf 0i f a&muf vmNyD ;aemuf ?i f ;wk d Yaemuf qH k ;
&yfqdki f;cJhonfh(13) BudrfajrmufxD\ t quft jzpf(14) Budrf
ajrmuf xD uk d30- 1- 47 wGi fquf vuf zGi h f vS pf ygonf / 4- 1- 48
aeYwGi fjrefrmEkdi fi HvGwfvyfa&;&&SdNyD;onfhaemufykdi f;wGi fvnf;
2 usyfwefxDukdt *FvdyfwkdYzGi hfvSpfcJhonfht BudrfpOft wkdi f;
quf vuf a&wG ufzG i h f vS pf cJ h &m(264) Bud rf ajrmuf t xd yi fjzpf onf /
yxrwGi f2 usyfwefxDudkwpfESpfvQi fav;BudrfzGi hfvSpfcJh
ygonf/ (14) BudrfajrmufrSp wpfESpfvQi fajcmufBudrf(ESpfv
wpf Bud rf ) ajymi f ;vJ zG i h f vS pf cJ h &m(264) Bud rf ajrmuf t xd jzpf ygonf /
2 usyf wef xD uk dES pf vwpf Bud rf zG i h f vS pf ae&mrSwpf vwpf Bud rf
ok d Y(265) Bud rf rS pwi fajymi f ;vJ zG i h f vS pfcJ h onf /
ok d Y &mwG i f(265) Bud rf uk d yi f(265) Bud rf(pH k ^v)ES i h f(265) Bud rf
(r^v)[ l ES pf vquf wk d ufzG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
t u &m]u rSZt xd }ud k20- 12- 88 aeY rSpwi f a&mi f ;csum
3- 1- 89 aeY wGi ft a&mi f ;yd wf 8- 1- 89 aeY wGi fzGi h f vS pf cJh aom
(265) Bud rf uk dpH k vjzpf aom' D Zi f bmvwGi fxD pmt k yf rsm;a&mi f ;cs
cJ h aomaMumi f h(265) Bud rf(pH k ^v) [ kowf rS wf jci f ;jzpf onf /
t u &m]psrS t xd }ud k10- 1- 89 aeY wG i fpwi f a&mi f ;csum
27- 1- 89 wGi ft a&mi f;ydwfcJhNyD; 1- 2- 89 wGi fzGi hfvSpfaom
(265) Bud rf ajrmuf ud k ?rv jzpf aomZef e0g&D vwGi fxD pmt k yf rsm;
a&mi f;cJhaomaMumi hf(265) Budrf(r^v) [ kowfrSwfcJhjci f;yi f
jzpf ygonf /
ESpfvwpfBudrfzGi hfvSpf&eft pDt pOfjzi hf kdufESdyfxm;aom
(265) Bud rf ajrmuf t wG uf]u rS t xd } t u &m(14) vH k ;uk d wpf v
wpf Bud rfxD zGi h f onf h pepf od k Yajymi f ;vJEk d i f &ef]u rSZt xd }t u &m
(8) vH k ;ud k(265) Bud rf ajrmuf(pk H ^v)t jzpf vnf ;aumi f ; ]psrS
t xd}?t u&m(6) vHk;ukd(265) Budrfajrmuf(r^v) t jzpf
vnf ;aumi f ; cG J jcm;owf rS wfa&mi f ;cszG i h f vS pf cJ h jci f ; jzpf onf /
(266) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wef xD uk d vnf ; (265) Bud rf uJ h ok d Y yi f
(pHk^v)?(r^v) [ l wpfvwpfBudrfjzi hfESpfBudrfquf zGi hfvSpf
cJ h onf /
(266) Budrfajrmuf2 usyfwef(pHk^v) xDvufrSwfrsm;ukd
]u rSi t xd}t u&m(5) vHk; owfrSwf 2- 2- 89 aeYrSpwi f
a&mi f ;csNyD ; 24- 2- 89 aeY wGi ft a&mi f ;yd wf um1- 3- 89 aeY wGi f
zG i h f vS pf cJ h onf /
(266) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wef(r^v) xD vuf rS wf rsm;ud k]p rS
n t xd}t u&m(5) vHk; owfrSwf 2- 3- 89 aeYwGi fpwi f
a&mi f ;csNyD ; 24- 3- 89 aeY wGi ft a&mi f ;yd wf um3- 4- 89 aeY wGi f
zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
(266) Budrfajrmuf(r^v) xDzGi hfyGJt NyD;wGi f1938 ckESpf
rS pwi f cJ h aom2 usyf wef xDed *H k ;csKyf cJ h ayonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; .,' .,
2 usyf wefxD pepf wGi ft jri h f qH k ;qk ai GrS musyf(1) od ef ;jzpf
t ed rf h qH k ;qk ai GrS musyf500 jzpf ygonf /
1951 ck ES pf wG i fxD qk ai G rsm;uk dai G om;ES i h fai G pk vuf rS wfwG J zuf
csD;jri hfcJhygonf/ okdY&mwGi fxDaygufolrsm;u BudKufESpfoufjci f;
r&SdMuojzi hf1967 ckESpfwGi fai GpkvufrSwfwGJzufcsD;jri hfjci f;ukd
zsuf od rf ;cJhygonf / t ed rf h qH k ;qk ai Guk d vnf ; usyf500 rSusyf700
ok d Ywk d ;jr i h f owf rS wf cJ h onf /
2 usyf wef xD uk d1938 ck ES pf rS p t Bud rf pOf rysuf(264) Bud rf ?
*syef acwf wGi f(8) Bud rf ?(265) Bud rfajrmuf wGi f(pH k ^v)?(r^v)
[ l ESpfBudrf?(266) BudrfwGi fvnf; (pHk^v)?(r^v)[ l
ESpfBudrfzGi hfvSpfcJhaomaMumi fh&yfqkdi f;onft xdpkpkaygi f; (276)
Bud rf zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
5 usyf wef xD pepf
(1) Budrfajrmuf5 usyfwefxDudk(265) Budrf2 usyfwef
(pH k ^v)ES i h f(265) Bud rf2 usyf wef(r^v) xD wk d Y ES i h f t Nyd Ki fa&mi f ;cscJ h
ygonf /
(265) Bud rf2 usyf wef(pH k ^v) xD pmt k yf rsm;uk d20- 12- 88
aeY wG i fpwi f a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf / xk d aeY wG i f yi f5 usyf wef xDvuf rS wf
rsm;uk d vnf ; pwi f a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
(265) Budrf2 usyfwef(r^v) xDpmt kyfrsm;ukd10- 1- 89
aeY wG i fpwi f a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf / xk d2 usyf wef xD rsm; a&mi f ;csaepOf
wG i f yi f5 usyf wef xD rsm;ud k vnf ; quf vuf a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
(265) Bud rf2 usyf wef(r^v) xD zGi h f yGJud k1- 2- 89 aeY wGi f
usi f;y (1) Budrfajrmuf5 usyfwefxDzGi hfyGJukd6- 2- 89 aeYwGi f
2 usyfwefxDESi hf5 usyfwefxDwdkYt NydKi fa&mi f;cszGi hfvSpf
aeaMumi f; t rsm;jynfolod&SdEkdi fap&ef?at mi fbmavodef;qk
XmecG J u owi f ;pmrsm; wG i faMumf ji mrsm;xnf h oG i f ;ouJ h ok d YumwG ef ;
q&mrsm;uvnf; owi f;pmrsm;wGi fumwGef;rsm; a&;qGJazmfjy
ul nD cJ h Muonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; ., .,
9- 1- 89 aeY xk wfvk yf om;jynf ol U aeY pOf owi f ;pmpmrsuf ES m2 rS
(1) Budrfajrmuf5 usyfwefxDudkt u&m]P rS , t xd}
(12) vHk;xkwfa0 (11) apmi fygxDwpft kyfvQi f50 usyfEIef;jzi hf
a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
(2) Budrfajrmuf5 usyfwefxDukd]P rS , t xd}t u&m
(12) vHk; owfrSwf 7- 2- 89 aeYwGi fpwi fa&mi f;cscJhygonf/
(266) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wef(pH k ^v) xD ud k vnf ; 2- 2- 89 aeY u
a&mi f;cscJhNyD; 24- 2- 89 aeYwGi ft a&mi f;ydwf 1- 3- 89 wGi f
zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf / (266) Bud rf ajrmuf(r^v) 2 usyf wef xD uk d vnf ;
(2) Bud rf ajrmuf5 usyf wef xD ES i h f t Nyd Ki f2- 3- 89 aeY wGi fa&mi f ;cs
cJh NyD ; 3- 4- 89 aeY wGi fzGi h f vS pf cJh ygonf / (2) Bud rf ajrmuf5 usyf wef
xD uk d7- 4- 89 aeY wGi fzGi h f vS pf ay;cJh ygonf /
(266) Budrfajrmuf(r^v) xDzGi hfyGJt NyD;wGi f2 usyfwef
xDpepfukd&yfqkdi f;vkdufojzi hf5 usyfwefxDwpfrsKd;wnf;om
usef &S d ygonf /
5 usyfwefxDudkvnf; ESpfvwpfBudrfzGi hfvSpfcJh&mrSwpfv
wpf Bud rf ok d Yajymi f ;vJzGi h f vS pf ygonf / xk d Y aMumi h f(2) Bud rf ajrmuf ud k
{NyD vwG i fzG i h f vS pf NyD ; (3) Bud rf ajrmuf ud karvwG i fzG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
xkdrSp xDzGi fhyGJrsm;udk, aeYwkdi fwpfvwpfBudrfzGi hfvSpf
ygawmh onf /
5 usyfwefxDpepfwGi ft jri hfqHk;qkai GukdusyfoHk;odef;
owf rS wf t ed rf h qH k ;qk ai G ud kusyf1500 owf rS wf cJ h onf /
5 usyf wef xD ud kpwi f zGi h f vS pf onf rS(26) Bud rf t xd ?&ef uk ef
NrdKU?yef;bJwef;NrdKUe, f?(27) vrf;?t rSwf(191) &Sdat mi fbmav
od ef ;qk XmecG J ?xD zG i h f yG J cef ;raqmi f usi f ;ycJ h ygonf / 5 usyf wefxD \
aemuf qH k ;t Bud rf jzpf onf h(27) Bud rf ajrmuf uk dH k ;t opf jzpf onf h ?
urf;em;vrf;ESi hfvrf;opfvrf;axmi fh&Sdzufpyfaumfykda&;&Si f;
t rSwf- 2 vDrdwuft aqmuft t HkwGi f3- 4- 91 aeY zGi fhvSpfcJh
ygonf /
5 usyf wef xDzGi h f vS pf aepOf t wGi f ; xl ;jcm;rI rsm;rS m3- 2- 90
aeYwGi fzGi hfvSpfonfh(12) BudrfajrmufrSpwi f yxrqkukdusyf
oHk;odef;rSusyfi g;odef;odkYwkd;jri hfcJhjci f;ESi hfyxri g;odef;qkBuD;
ayguf*P ef;\ t u&mvGJ*P ef; (6) vHk;t pOfvkdufwlukdusyf
av;aomi f ;qk rsm;t jzpfvnf ;aumi f ;?t u &mwl *P ef ; (5) vH k ;
t pOft vdkufwlaemufqHk;*P ef;wpfvHk;vGJukdusyfESpfaomi f;qk
rsm;t jzpf vnf ;aumi f ;?t u &mwl*P ef ; (4) vH k ;t pOf t vd k uf wl
aemufqHk; ESpfvHk;vGJukdusyfi g;axmi fqkrsm;t jzpfvnf;aumi f;
zGi h f vS pf ay;cJh jci f ; jzpf ygonf / xk d pepf rS m, ck vuf &S d zGi h f vS pf aeaom
r*F vmpH k wG J , l epf pepf \ a&S U ajy;yi f jzpf ygonf /
10 usyf wef xD pepf
jzpfonfh(27) BudrfajrmufxDzGi hfyGJukdHk;opf\ xDzGi hfyGJcef;r
10 usyfwefxDpepf\ t BudrfpOfukd5 usyfwefxDpepfESi hf
quf vsuf(28) Bud rf r S pwi f a&wG uf ygonf /
(11) apmi f ygxD pmt k yf wpf t k yf vQi fusyf100 jzi h fa&mi f ;cscJh
ygonf /
10 usyfwefxDzGi hfrnfht aMumi f; aMumfji mwGi fxDvufrSwf
wpfapmi frSt BudrfpOfwpfckwGi fqkrJrsm;xyfumxyfumaygufcJh
ygu ayguf aomqk rJt m;vH k ;cH pm;cGi h f &S d aMumi f ; wk d uf k d uf xnf h oGi f ;
aMunmcJhjci f; r&Sdaomfvnf; ]uHxl;ygu oHk;odef; i g;odef;
q, f od ef ;eJY ?' D xuf uH xl ;ygu (18) od ef ;xd&Ek d i f ygonf / xD ayguf
cG i h f rS mpepfa[ mi f ;xuf3.5 qyk d onf /}[ kaMunmcJ h ygonf /
(28) Bud rf ajrmuf10 usyf wef xD ud k3- 5- 91 (aomMumaeY )?
6- 5- 91 (wevFmaeY) ESi hf7- 5- 91 (t *FgaeY) wkdYwGi fzGi hfvSpfcJh
onf/ t jri hfqHk;qkai GrSmusyf(10) odef;jzpf t edrfhqHk;qkai GrSm
usyf1500 jzpf onf /
10 usyfwefxDpepfESi hft wl r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfpepfvnf;
arG ;zG m;vmygonf /
r*F vmpH k wG Jwpf , l epf t wG ufqk rJ zG i h f vS pf &mwG i fa*:vD rsm;uk d
wpfBudrfwnf;omEIduf, lNyD;ay:xGufvmaomeHygwfukdyxrqk
usyf oH k ;od ef ;csD ;jr i h f ygonf / yxrqk &vuf rS wf eH ygwf ES i h ft u &mvG J
a&SU*P ef; (6) vHk; t pOft vkdufwl vufrSwfrsm;ukd' kwd, qk
1991 ckESpf?rwfvwGi fusi f;yaom(26) Budrfajrmuf5
usyfwefxDzGi hfyGJt NyD; at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJudk&efukefNrdKU?
yef;bJwef;NrdKUe, f?(27) vrf;?t rSwf(191) rSurf;em;vrf;ESi hf
vrf;opfvrf;axmi hf&Sdzufpyfaumfydka&;&Si f; t rSwf- 2 vDrdwuf
t aqmuf t t H k ok d Yajymi f ;a&T U zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
Hk;opfwGi f10 usyfwefxDukd3- 4- 91 aeYt crf;t em;jzi hf
pwi fa&mi f;csNyD;?xkdaeYyi f5 usyfwefxD\ aemufqHk;t Budrf
usyf wpf od ef ;pD uk dvnf ;aumi f ;?yxrqk &vuf rS wf ES i h ft u &mwl
a&S U *P ef ; (5) vH k ;t pOf vd k uf wlaemuf *P ef ;wpf vH k ;vGJvuf rS wf
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vuf rS wf ES i h ft u &mwla&S U *Pef ;av;vH k ; t pOf vk d uf wlaemuf *Pef ;
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usyf1500 pD uk dvnf ;aumi f ; t oD ;oD ;qk csD ;jr i h f ygonf / xk d Y aMumi h f
r*F vmpH k wG J , l epf pepf rS myxrqk &eH ygwf uk dwpf Bud rf EI d uf xk wf H k jzi h f
qk rJaygi f ;wpf axmi f ausmft vk d t avsmufqGwf cl ;&&S d apEk d i f aom
pepf jzpf ygonf /
okdY&mwGi f yxrqk&vufrSwfeHygwfrSmra&mi f;&aom
vuf rS wf eH ygwf jzpf aeygu r*F vmpH k wG J , l epfwpf ck vH k ;wG i fyg0i f onf h
qkrJt m;vHk;ukdrSwfwrf;wi fNyD;aemufy, fzsuf&rnfjzpfonf/
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usef qk rJ t m;vH k ;y, f zsuf NyD ; jzpf aomaMumi h f yi f jzpf ygonf /
t u, f yxrqk&vufrSwfeHygwfrSma&mi f;csNyD; jzpfaomf
vnf ; r*FvmpH k wGJ, l epf wGi f yg0i f onf hvuf rS wf t csKd U rS mra&mi f ;&
jzpf aeygu?yxrqk uk d t wnf jyKNyD ;?ra&mi f ;&vuf rS wf eH ygwf rsm;
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y, f zsuf jci f ;cH cJh &onf hqk rJrsm;uk dwpf qk csi f ;t pm;xk d ; jyef vnf
EI d uf xk wf ay;&rnfjzpf onf /
xDzGi hfyGJusi f;y&onfhat mi fbmav odef;qkXmecGJt aejzi hf
wpf Bud rf qk rJEI d uf H k rQjzi h fqk rJwpf axmi f ausmfzGi h f vS pf ay;Ek d i f ojzi h f
vnf;aumi f;?xDxkd;olrsm;t aejzi hfayguf*P ef;ESi hft u&mvGJ?
aemufqHk; wpfvHk;?ESpfvHk;?oHk;vHk;vGJojzi hf0rf;enf;zG, fBuHKp&m
t aMumi f;r&Sdawmhojzi hfvnf;aumi f;?t vGefaumi f;rGefaom
r*F vmpH k wG J pepf [ k0rf ;ajrmuf 0rf ;omvuf cH Bud Kqk d Muygonf /
1991 ck ES pf ?ZGef v t Bud rf(30) ajrmuf10 usyf wef xD zGi h f yGJrS
p qkrJaygi f; (200) yg&SdaomjznhfpGuf, lepfpepfqkrJrsm;udk
xnf h oG i f ; zG i h f vS pf ay;cJ h ygonf /
jznfhpGuf, lepfpepfwGi fwpf, lepfvQi fyxrqkusyfESpfodef;
(1) qk ?' k wd , qk usyf av;aomi f ; (5) qk ?wwd , qkusyf ES pf aomi f ;
(10) qk ?pwk w qk usyf i g;axmi f(24) qk ?y rqk usyf oH k ;axmi f qk
(160)?pkpkaygi f;qkrJ(200)?qkrJwefzdk;pkpkaygi f; usyf(12) odef;
csD ;jr i h f ygonf /
3- 1- 93 aeY wGi fusi f ;yonf h(49) Bud rf ajrmuf xD zGi h f yGJrS p
jznfhpGuf, lepfpepf\ usyfav;aomi f;qkukdusyf&Spfaomi f;okdY
vnf ;aumi f ;?usyf ES pf aomi f ;qk ud kusyf av;aomi f ;od k Y vnf ;aumi f ;
usyf i g;axmi f qk uk dusyf ES pf aomi f ;ok d Y vnf ;aumi f ;?usyf oH k ;axmi f
qkudkusyfi g;axmi fokdYvnf;aumi f; wkd;jri hfowfrSwfvdkufojzi hf
qk rJ(200) \ wef zk d ;rS musyf(22) od ef ; (8) aomi f ;jzpf vmygonf /
10 usyfwefxDukdwpfvwpfBudrfzGi hfvSpfcJh&m1996 ckESpf?
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(384) wGi fHk;t aqmuft t HkopfBuD;udk29- 9- 95 aeY zGi hfvSpf
cJ h jci f ;yi fjzpf ygonf / 1995 ck ES pf ?at muf wk d bmvwG i f usi f ;yaom
(81) Budrfajrmuf10 usyfwefxDzGi hfyGJrSp Hk;opfBuD;\ xDzGi hfyGJ
cef ;r crf ;em;pGmusi f ;yEk d i f NyDjzpf ygonf /
50 usyf wef xD pepf
3- 12- 96 aeYwGi fpwi fa&mi f;cs 3- 1- 97 aeYwGi fpwi f
zGi h f vS pf cJh onf / 50 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf rsm; pwi f a&mi f ;csjci f ;ES i h f
ywfouf jynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;OD;pD;Xme?TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfu
18- 11- 96 &ufpGJygaMunmcsufwpfapmi fxkwfjyefcJhygonf/
jynfolvlxkt aygi f; us, fjyefYpGmod&SdEkdi fap&efaeYpOfxkwf
owi f;pmrsm;rSvnf;aumi f;?jrefrmt oHESi hfkyfjri foHMum;rS
vnf;aumi f;?NrdKUe, ft cGefOD;pD;XmerSL;Hk;rsm;wGi fvnf;aumi f;
aMunmcJ h ygonf /
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onf h(95) Bud rf ajrmuf wGi ft u &m(38) vH k ;t xduk ef pi f at mi f
a&mi f ;cscJ h &ygonf /
50 usyf wef xD pepf ok d Yajymi f ;vJ onf h t cg10 usyf wefxD pepf
ESi hfqufvsuf(96) BudrfrSpwi fa&wGufygonf/ (11) apmi fyg
xD wpf t k yf vQi fusyf500 jzi h f a&mi f ;cscJ h onf /
xDpmt kyfrsm; a&mi f;cs&mwGi f(96) Budrfajrmuf10 usyfwef
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t wGuf xDvufrSwf 34199924 apmi f\ wpfapmi fcsi f;
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[ l aompmwef ;uk d k d uf ES d yf a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
50 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf pwi f a&mi f ;csjci f ;aMunmcsuf wGi f
xDt u&m(38) vHk;pvHk; t kyfa&rsm; t jynfht 0 t ukeft pi f
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at muf ygqk rJ rsm;uk d &&S d cH pm;Ek d i f rnf jzpf aMumi f ; aMunmcJ h ygonf /
usyf (50) od ef ; (32)qk
usyf (8) aomi f ; (184)qk
pk pk aygi f ; (27512)qk
t xufygqkt m;vHk;onf50 usyfwefxDvufrSwfwpf&Guf
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t b, h f aMumi f h qk d aomfxD t Bud rf wpf Bud rf t wG i f ; xD vuf rS wf
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97 38 3109084 1279080 1830004
98 38 3109084 1510690 1598394
99 38 3109084 1298460 1810624
(96) BudrfwGi ft u&m(17) vHk;cefY?(97) BudrfwGi ft u&m
(16) vH k ;cef Y ?(98) Bud rf wGi ft u &m(18) vH k ;ausmf ES i h f(99) Bud rf
wG i ft u &m(16) vH k ;cef Y oma&mi f ;cscJ h &ygonf /
uJhokdYra&mi f;&xDpmt kyfrsm; ay:aygufvm&jci f;rSm
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vH k ;a&ud k(20) ok d YavQmh csxk wf a0a&mi f ;cscJh onf h t jyi f ?xD xk d ;ol
rsm;t m; rufvHk;ay;onfht aejzi hfr*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfpepf\
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ygonf/ okdY&mwGi ft Budrf(110) ajrmuft xdra&mi f;&xD
pmt k yf rsm; usef &S d aeqJjzpf ygonf / (111) Bud rf ajrmufa&muf rS om
xkwfa0onfht u&mt vHk; (20) pvHk; ukefpi fat mi fa&mi f;cs&
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50 usyf wef xD pmt k yf t Bud rf(100) rS(111) Bud rf t xd
a&mi f ;cs&ef vsmxm;csuf ES i h fa&mi f ;csEk d i f rI
t ajcjyZ, m;
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t Bud rf
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101 20 1636360 1466660 169700
102 20 1636360 1333860 302500
103 20 1636360 1268550 367810
104 20 1636360 1411560 224800
105 20 1636360 1518160 118200
106 20 1636360 1465460 170900
107 20 1636360 1483800 152560
108 20 1636360 1530560 105800
109 20 1636360 1628060 8300
110 20 1636360 1611360 25000
111 20 1636360 1636360 -
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10 usyf wef xD pepf wGi fjznf h pGuf , l epf wpf ck qk rJ(5) rsKd ;om&S d cJh
aomf vnf ; 50 usyf wefxD pepf wGi f(6) rsKd ;t xdwd k ;jr i h f cJh ygonf /
qk rJ wef zk d ;ES i h ft a&t wG uf wk d Y ud k vnf ;?yxrqkusyf(5) od ef ; (1)
qk ?' k wd , qkusyf(4) od ef ; (2) qk ?wwd , qkusyf(2) od ef ; (7) qk ?
pwk w qkusyf(8) aomi f ; (10) qk ?y rqkusyf(4) aomi f ; qk(20)
ES i h fq|rqkusyf(2) aomi f ;qk(160) [ kwd k ;jr i h fajymi f ;vJ owf rS wf
cJ h ygonf /
1999 ckESpf?Ekd0i fbmvt Budrf(130) ajrmufxDzGi hfyGJrSp
usyf od ef ; (100) t xl ;qk wpf qk xnf h oG i f ; zG i h f vS pf ay;ojzi h f50 usyf
wefxDpepfwGi ft jri hfqHk;qkrSmusyfodef; (100) jzpfvmygonf/
, i f;qkai GrSmxDaygufonfhaeYrSwpfESpfjynfhajrmufonfhwkdi f
vma&mufawmi f;cHxkwf, ljci f;rjyKaomqkai Grsm;ukdEkdi fi Hawmf
b@mt jzpfodrf;, lvdkufaomt cGefai GxJrSxkwfEkwfNyD;qkai G
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a&mi f ;&ai G\ 60 &mcd k i f EI ef ;xJrSr[ k wf acs/
2000 jynfhESpf?ZGefv (137) BudrfajrmufxDzGi hfyGJrSpwi f
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50 usyf wef xD zG i h f yG J rsm;ud kvpOf(3) &uf aeY rS(9) &uf aeY t xd
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(3) &ufaeYwGi fzGi hfvSpfaom(165) BudrfajrmufrSpwi f
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(166) BudrfajrmufrSp vpOf(3) &ufaeYzGi hfvSpfjci f; t pm; (1)
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50 usyfwefxDpepfudk2005 ckESpf?Ekd0i fbmvwGi fzGi hfvSpfcJh
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onf t xd(107) Bud rf zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
100 usyf wef xD pepf
100 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf rsm;uk d(11) &G uf ygwpf t k yf vQi fusyf
1000 EIef;jzi hf1- 11- 2005 wGi fpwi fa&mi f;cs 1- 12- 2005
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t u &m(37) vH k ;uk ef pi f at mi f a&mi f ;cscJ h &aomf vnf ; 100 usyf wef
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q, fodef; (345) qk?usyfi g;odef; (4) qk?usyfav;odef; (8) qk?
usyf ES pf od ef ; (157) qk ?usyf wpf od ef ;qk(1350)?usyf &S pf aomi f ;qk
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qk ai Gwef zd k ;pk pk aygi f ; usyf(75) od ef ;jzpf ygonf /
jznf h pGuf , l epf(2) , l epf t wGufpk pk aygi f ;qk rJ(400) jzpf NyD ;?
qk ai G wef zk d ;pk pk aygi f ;usyf od ef ; (150) jzpf ygonf /
wpf qk csi f ;zGi h f vS pf aomqk BuD ;rsm;?r*FvmpH k wGJ(15) , l epf ES i h f
jznf h pG uf , l epf(2) , l epf wd k Y zG i h f vS pf NyD ;aemuf ?qk t jzpfcG J a0&efusef &S d
aeao;aomai GrSmqkBuD;wpfqkcsi f;t jzpfaomfvnf;aumi f;?
r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfwpf, lepf(okdYr[ kwf) jznfhpGuf, lepfwpf, lepf
t jzpfaomfvnf;aumi f; qkrJt jzpfcGJa0&efwefzdk;rjynfhrDawmh
ojzi h f ?t yk d qk rsm;t jzpfcGJa0ay;ygonf /
t u&m(24) vHk;a&mi f;csaom(203) Budrfajrmuf100
usyfwefxDzGi hfyGJwGi ft ykdqkrsm;t jzpfusyfi g;odef; (2) qk?usyf
av;od ef ; (4) qk ?usyf ES pf od ef ; (8) qk ?usyf ES pf aomi f ; (10) qk ?usyf
av;aomi f ; (15) qk ES i h fusyf ES pf aomi f ; (28) qk ?pk pk aygi f ; (67) qk ?
qkai Gwefzkd;pkpkaygi f; usyf(61) odef; (6) aomi f; zGi hfvSpfay;cJh
ygonf /
usyf od ef ;i g;&mt xl ;qk BuD ;t wG ufqk ai G rS mxD pmt k yfa&mi f ;&
ai Gpkpkaygi f;\ 60 &mcdki fEIef;xJrSusyfodef; (400) ESi hfb@modrf;
t cGef&ai GrSusyfodef; (100) xkwfEkwfaygi f;xnfhumpkpkaygi f;
usyf od ef ; (500) owf rS wf csD ;jr i h f jci f ;jzpf onf /
ok d Y &mwG i f(206) Bud rf ajrmuf rS p usyf od ef ;i g;&mt xl ;qk BuD ;
wGi fb@modrf;t cGef&ai GxJrSusyfodef; (100) xnfhoGi f;csD;jri hf
jci f;rjyKawmhbJxDpmt kyfa&mi f;&ai Gpkpkaygi f;\ 60 &mcdki fEIef;
xJ rS yi fusyf od ef ;i g;&mpvH k ;uk dcsD ;jr i h f ygonf /
xDt BudrfwpfBudrft wGi f; xDvufrSwfwpfapmi fwnf;jzi hf
qkrJt rsKd;rsKd;aygufcJhygu aygufcJhaomqkrJt m;vHk;ukdcHpm;cGi hf
&S d ygonf /
(203) BudrfajrmufxDzGi hfyGJrSp qkrJt rsKd;t pm;t m;vHk;ukd
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J(&ef uk ef ) wG i f omru?at mi f bmav
od ef ;qk XmecGJ(rE av;H k ;cGJ) wGi f ygxk wf , l Ek d i f NyD jzpf ygonf / &ef uk ef
wkdi f;rSt y?usefjynfe, fESi hfwkdi f;rsm;t wGi f;&SdNrdKUe, ft cGefOD;pD;
XmerS L;H k ;rsm;wG i f vnf ; usyf av;aomi f ;t xdqk ai G rsm;uk dxk wf , l
cG i h f jyKcJ h onf /
1- 9- 2008 aeYwGi fpwi fa&mi f;cs 1- 10- 2008 aeYwGi f
zGi fhvSpfcJhaom(237) Budrfajrmuf100 usyfwefxDpepfxDzGi fhyGJrS
pwi f &efukefwdki f;jyi fy&SdNrdKUe, ft cGefOD;pD;Xmer;Hk;rsm;wGi f
t rsm;qH k ; xk wf , l Ed k i f onf hxD qk ai GyrmP ud kusyf(10) od ef ;t xd
wd k ;jr i f h owf rS wf cJ h onf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; .'' .'
1- 12- 2008 aeY wG i fusi f ;yaom(239) Bud rf ajrmufxD zG i f h yG J
t NyD;wGi f100 usyfwefxDpepf&yfqkdi f;cJhNyD;?(203) BudrfrS(239)
Bud rf t xdpk pk aygi f ; (37) Bud rf zGi f h vS pf ay;cJh onf /
qkrsm; csD;jri fh&mwGi fusyf100 wefxDpepfwkef;uuJhodkYyi f
(u) qk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ; (c) r*F vmpH k wG J , l epf pepf(*) jznf h pG uf , l epf
pepf ES i f h(C) t yd k qk rJrsm;[ l csD ;jr i f h ygonf / od k Y &mwGi fqk rJwef zd k ;
rsm;ud kwk d ;jr i f h jyi f qi f xm;ygonf /
t xl;qkBuD;rSmusyfodef; (1000) jzpfvm t edrfhqHk;qkrSm
usyf(1) od ef ;jzpf vmygonf /
qkBuD;wpfqkcsi f; csD;jri fh&mwGi fqkrJwefzdk; (4) rsKd;owfrSwf
xm;ygonf / t Bud rf(240) ajrmuf wG i fusyf od ef ; (1000) t xl ;qk
BuD;wpfqk?usyfodef; (500) wpfqk?usyfodef; (300) oHk;qk?
usyfodef; (200) i g;qkwdkYudkcsD;jri fhcJhonf/ qkBuD;wpfqkcsi f;wGi f
usyf od ef ; (100) qk ud kxnf h oG i f ;jci f ; rjyKawmh ay/ r*F vmpH k wG J, l epf
pepf rSyxrqkusyf od ef ; (100) ES i f h rS m;, G i f ;jci f ;r&S d ap&ef jzpf ygonf /
200 usyf wefxD pepf wGi fusyf od ef ; (100) r*FvmpH k wGJ, l epf
pepf usyf100 wefxDpepfuJhodkYyi fqkrJi g;rsKd;owfrSwfcsD;jri fhyg
onf / yxrqkusyf od ef ; (100) ES i f h' k wd , qkusyf(10) od ef ;wd k Y ud k
ajymi f;vJjci f;rjyKaomfvnf; wwd, qkudkusyf(2) odef;rS(3)
od ef ;od k Y vnf ;aumi f ;?pwk w qk ud kusyf(1) od ef ;rSusyf(2) od ef ;ok d Y
vnf ;aumi f ;?y rqk ud kusyf(2) aomi f ;rS(1) od ef ;od k Y vnf ;aumi f ;
t oD;oD;wdk;jri fhowfrSwfcJhonf/ t Budrf(240) ajrmufwGi f
usyfodef; (100) r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfpepf(17) , lepfzGi fhvSpfay;cJh
onf /
200 usyf wef xD pepf wGi f(11) &Guf ygxD pmt k yf wpf t k yf vQi f
usyf2000 EIef;jzi fh1- 12- 2008 aeYwGi fpwi fa&mi f;cs 1- 1-
2009 aeY wG i fzG i f h vS pf onf /
t Bud rf t pOf ud k100 usyf wef xD ES i f hquf vsuft Bud rf(240)
rSpwi f a&wG uf ygonf /
t Budrf(240) ajrmufwGi ft u&mt vHk; (30) xkwfa0
a&mi f ;cscJ h &muk ef pi f at mi f a&mi f ;cscJ h &ygonf / xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai G
\ 60 &mcd k i f EI ef ;ud kqk ai Gt jzpfcGJa0ay;ygonf /
at mifbmavxDordkif; .' .'
jznfhpGufpepfwpf, lepfwGi fqkrJ200 yg&Sd usyf200 wef
xDpepfwGi fqkrJav;rsKd;owfrSwfxm;ygonf/ qkrJwefzdk;rsm;ESi fh
qkt a&t wGufudkusyfi g;odef; (1) qk?usyfoHk;odef; (9)qk?
usyf ES pf od ef ; qk(30) ES i f husyf wpf od ef ;qk(160) [ l jyi f qi f owf rS wf
vd k uf ojzi f hwpf , l epf \ wef zd k ; pk pk aygi f ; qk(252) od ef ;jzpf vmygonf /
t Bud rf(240) ajrmuf wG i fjznf h pG uf pepf(2) , l epf zG i f h vS pf ay;cJ h onf /
t ydkqkrsm; zGi fhvSpf&efqkrJav;rsKd;udkjznfhpGuf, lepfpepf
t wd k i f ; owf rS wf xm;ygonf / t yd k qk rJcG J a0&ef t wG ufvsmxm;ai G
abmi f t wG i f ;wG i fqk rJ wef zd k ; t rsKd ;t pm;t vd k ufqk rJ t a&t wG uf
ud kowf rS wf &ygonf / od k Y &mwG i fqk rJ t &t wG ufpk pk aygi f ;rS m(200)
rausmf &ay/ qk rJa*:vD rS mt vH k ; (200) wd wd om&S d aomaMumi f h jzpf
onf / t Bud rf(240) wGi ft yd k qk rJrsm;ud kusyf i g;od ef ;wpf qk ?usyf
oH k ;od ef ;ES pf qk ?usyf ES pf od ef ;oH k ;qk ES i f husyf wpf od ef ; (84) qkpk pk aygi f ;
qk(90)?wef zd k ; pk pk aygi f ; usyf(101) od ef ; zGi f h vS pf ay;cJh onf /
t Bud rf(240) ajrmuf200 usyf wefxD zGi f h yGJwGi ft xl ;qk BuD ;
usyf od ef ; (1000) t ygt 0i fqk rJaygi f ; (17993) qkzGi f h vS pf ay;cJh
ygonf /
&efukefNrdKUat mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJESi fhat mi fbmav
odef;qkXmecGJ(rEav;Hk;cGJ) wdkYwGi fqkai Gt rsKd;t pm;t m;vHk;udk
vnf;aumi f;?&efukefwkdi f;jyi fy&SdNrdKUe, ft cGefOD;pD;Xmr;Hk;rsm;wGi f
usyf(10) od ef ;t xdqk ai G rsm;ud k vnf ;aumi f ; xk wf , l Ed k i f ygonf /
xD qk rJ cG J a0yH k rsm;
2 usyf wef xD pepf
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pwi f a&mi f ;csum11- 10- 38 aeY wGi f pwi f zGi h f vS pf cJh aomyxr
OD;qHk; jrefrmEkdi fi Hawmft pkd;&xD xDvufrSwfa&mi f;&ai G\ 50
&mcdki fEIef;udkqkai Gt jzpfcGJa0ay;cJhygonf/ xDvufrSwfa&mi f;&
ai Gusyf(10) odef;wkdi f;t wGufat mufygt wkdi f; qkrJrsm; cGJa0
ay;ygonf /
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yxrqkusyf wpf od ef ; 1 qk 100,000
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wwd , qkusyf wpf aomi f ; 4 qk 40,000
pwk w qkusyf i g;axmi f 10 qk 50,000
y rqkusyf wpf axmi f 125 qk 125,000
q|rqkusyf i g;&m 250 qk 125,000
pk pk aygi f ; 392 qk 500,000
t a&mi f;ydwfum2- 2- 39 aeYwGi fzGi hfvSpfcJhaom' kwd, t Budrf
jref rmEk d i f i H awmft pd k ;&xD vuf rS wf a&mi f ;&ai G \ 57.50 &mck d i f EI ef ;
ud kxD qk ai G rsm;t jzpfcG J a0ay;cJ h ygonf / xD vuf rS wf a&mi f ;&ai G usyf
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ygonf /
' k wd , t Bud rf
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pwk w qkusyf f wpf aomi f ; 4 qk 40,000
y rqkusyf i g;axmi f 10 qk 50,000
q|rqkusyf wpf axmi f 50 qk 50,000
ow rqkusyf i g;&m 390 qk 195,000
pk pk aygi f ; 459 qk 575,000
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a&mi f ;cscJ h aomf vnf ; yxrES i f h' k wd , t Bud rfxD zG i h f yG J wk d Y \ qk rJ cG J a0yH k
wk d Y ud k om&S mazGawGU &S d cJh ygojzi f ht jcm;xD zGi h f yGJ(11) Bud rf wk d Y \ qk rJ
cGJa0 yH k wk d Y ud kwi f jyEd k i f jci f ; r&S d ao;yg/
pkaqmi f;&&Sdaomt axmuft xm;rsm;t &*syefacwfwGi f
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awG U &S d &ojzi f hat muf wG i f azmf jyt yf ygonf /
*syef acwf y rt Bud rf
wwd , qkusyf oH k ;aomi f ; 2 qk 60,000
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y rqkusyf wpf aomi f ; 4 qk 40,000
q|rqkusyf i g;axmi f 10 qk 50,000
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t |rqkusyf wpf axmi f 29 qk 29,000
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pk pk aygi f ; 87 qk 409,000
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jynh f rD jci f ; r&S d aMumi f ; oH k ;oyf od &S d Ed k i f ygonf /
5- 2- 44 aeY wGi ft a&mi f ;yd wf 12- 2- 44 aeY wGi fzGi f h vS pf cJh
aom*syef acwfArmEk d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD zG i f h yG J a&mi f ;&ai G usyf(10)
od ef ; rausmf aomf vnf ; xD qk rJt jzpfusyf409000 cGJa0ay;xm;
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onf qk d onf ht axmuf t xm;ud k rl&S mazG awG U &S d jci f ; r&S d ao;yg/
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(14) Bud rf ajrmuf rSpwi f jref rmEd k i f i H awmft pd k ;&xD ud kquf vuf
zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
zG i h f vS pf aom(14) Bud rf ajrmufxD zG i h f yG J rS p vG wf vyf a&; &NyD ;onf
t xdt Bud rf pOf rysufquf vuf zGi f h vS pf cJh aom(38) Bud rf ajrmuf
t xdxD a&mi f ;&ai G usyf(10) od ef ;wk d i f ;t wG uf4i f ;\ 60 &mcd k i f EI ef ;
ud kqk rJrsm;t jzpfat muf ygt wd k i f ; cGJa0ay;cJh ygonf /
2 usyf wef xD \ (39) Bud rf ajrmuf rS(136) Bud rf ajrmuf t xd
xDqkai Grsm;udkai Gom;ESi fhai GpkvufrSwfrsm;yl;wGJcsD;jri fhcJhygonf/
xD a&mi f ;&ai Gusyf(10) od ef ;wk d i f ;t wGufxD qk rJt a&t wGuf rS m
(414) qk yi f jzpf xD qk ai G wef zk d ; (ai G om;ES i f hai G pk vuf rS wf wef zk d ;)
pk pk aygi f ;rS mvnf ; usyf(6) od ef ;yi fjzpf ygonf /
(14) Bud rf rS(38) Bud rf t xd
q|rqkusyf wpf axmi f 100 qk 100,000
ow rqkusyf i g;&m 290 qk 145,000
pk pk aygi f ; 414 qk 600,000
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' k wd , qkusyf i g;aomi f ; - 2 qk100,000
wwd , qkusyf ES pf aomi f ; - 2 qk 40,000
pwk w qkusyf wpf aomi f ; usyf i g;&mwef 2 qk 21,000
y rqk - usyf i g;axmi f usyf ajcmuf &mwef 7qk 39,200
q|rqkusyf wpf axmi f usyf oH k ;&majcmuf q, f wef 30 qk 40,800
ow rqkusyf i g;&m usyf ES pf &mwef 370 qk259,000
pkpkaygi f; 414qk600,000
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wk d i f ;t wG ufi f ;\ 60 &mcd k i f EI ef ;ud kqk rJ rsm;t jzpfat muf ygt wk d i f ;
cJ G a0 ay;ygonf /
(137) Bud rf rS (225) Bud rf t xd
yxrqkusyf wpf od ef ; 1 qk 100,0 00
q|rqkusyf wpf axmi f h i g;&m 59 qk 88,500
ow rqkusyf ck epf &m 245 qk 171,500
pkpkaygi f; 324 qk 600,000
qk wef zk d ; qk t a&t wG uf qk ai G (usyf )
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ai G pk vuf rS wf rsm; wG J zuf csD ;jr i f h jci f ;r&S d awmh yg/ t ed rf h qH k ;qk ai Gusyf
ck epf &mjzpf vmygonf /
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wkdi f;\ 60 &mckdi fEIef;udkqkrJrsm;t jzpfat mufygt wkdi f;cGJa0ay;cJh
ygonf /
(245) BudrfrS2 usyfwefxDpepf&yfqkdi f;onfh(266) Budrf
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&mck d i f EI ef ;ud kqk rJ rsm;t jzpf at muf ygt wk d i f ;cG J a0ay;cJ h ygonf /
(245) Bud rf rS(266) Bud rf(r^v)t xd
5 usyf wef xD pepf
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xDqkrJcGJa0yHkrsm;ygwkd;wufajymi f;vJcJhygonf/ yxrt Budrf
5 usyfwefxDzGi hfyGJudk6- 2- 89 aeYwGi fusi f;ycJhygonf/ xDzGi hfyGJ
rusi f ;yrDat mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecGJu 4- 2- 89 aeY wGi fxD qk rJ
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xkdaMunmcsufwGi fxDa&mi f;&ai Gusyf(25) odef;wkdi f;t wGuf
4i f;\ 60 &mcdki fEIef;udkqkrJrsm;t jzpfat mufygt wkdi f; cGJa0
ay;rnf jzpf aMumi f ;azmf jycJ h ygonf /
jzpf aMumi f ; 29-1-90 aeY &uf pG J ygaMunmcsuf wpf apmi fxk wf jyef cJ h
ygonf /
xkdaMunmcsufwGi f(12) Budrfajrmuf5 usyfwefxDzGi hfyGJ
t wGuf]u rSn t xd }t u &mq, f vH k ;ES i f h]"}?]e}?]y}ES i f h]z}
t u &mav;vH k ; pk pk aygi f ; t u &m(14) vH k ; uk ef pi f at mi fa&mi f ;cs
&ygu (1) BudrfrS(11) Budrft xdzGi hfvSpfay;cJhaompepft wdki f;
wpf, lepfvQi f qkrJ(200) yg&Sdonfh, lepfaygi f; (15) , lepfESi fh
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opf t &t u &m(14) vH k ;pvH k ; uk ef pi f at mi fa&mi f ;cs&ygu xD a&mi f ;
&ai Gusyf(25) odef;wkdi f;t wGufat mufygt wkdi f; qkrJrsm;cGJa0
ay;rnf [ kaMunmcJ h ygonf /
yxrqkusyf oH k ;od ef ; 1 qk 300,0 00
' k wd , qkusyf ES pf od ef ; 1 qk 200,000
wwd , qkusyf wpf od ef ; 1 qk 100,000
pwk w qkusyf f i g;aomi f ; 3 qk 150,000
y rqkusyf ES pf aomi f ; 4 qk 80,000
q|rqkusyf wpf aomi f ; 14 qk 140,000
ow rqkusyf i g;axmi f 76 qk 380,000
t |rqkusyf wpf axmi f h i g;&m 100 qk 150000
t xufygqkrJcGJa0yHkpepft wkdi f; (11) BudrfajrmufxDzGi hfyGJ
t xdqk rJrsm; cGJa0ay;cJ h ygonf /
(12) BudrfajrmufrSp vuf&SdzGi fhvSpfonfhpepft jyi fwkd;csJU
wDxGi fzGi hfvSpfrnfhpepfopfjzi fhvnf; qkai Grsm; csD;jri fhrnf
yxrqkusyf i g;od ef ; 1 qk 500,0 00
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t u &mvG J *Pef ; (6)vH k ;
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ES i f ht u &mwl ?a&S U *P ef ;
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t u &mwl ?a&S U *P ef ;
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&mckdi fEIef;udkqkai Gt jzpfcGJa0ay; xm;aomfvnf; pepfa[ mi f;ESi fh
pepfopf\ pkpkaygi f;qkrJwefzkd;rSmxDa&mi f;&ai Gpkpkaygi f;\
60 &mck d i f EI ef ; yrmP t wGi f ;wGi f yi f&S d aeygonf / xk d Y jyi fqk rJt jzpf
cGJa0&efusyf313560^- usef &S d aeojzi f ht yd k qk rsm;t jzpfusyf oH k ;
od ef ; wpf qk ?usyf wpf aomi f ;wpf qk ES i f husyf1500 ES pf qk ?pk pk aygi f ;
(4) qkzG i h f vS pf ay;cJ h ygonf / usef ai G560 usyf rS mqk rJ cG J a0&efjynf h rD
jci f ;r&S d aomaMumi f ht cG ef b@mt jzpf od rf ;, l cJ h ygonf /
(12) Bud rf ajrmuf5 usyf wef xD zGi h f yGJwGi f-
pepf a[ mi f ;wpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ200 _ 15 , l epf=3000qk
pepf opfwpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ113 _ 7 , l epf = 791qk
t yd k qk = 4qk
pk pk aygi f ; 3795qk
zG i h f vS pf ay;cJ h ygonf /
pepf opf qk rJ cG J a0yH k wG i f t u &mvH k ;a&wk d ;wuf a&mi f ;cs&ygu
wpf , l epf ' k wd , qkusyf av;aomi f ; \ t a&t wGuf omwk d ;jri f h
vmrnfjzpfNyD;?yxr?wwd, ESi fhpwkwqkwkdY\ t a&t wGufrSm
rl vt wk d i f ; om&S d rnf jzpf ygonf / ' k wd , qk rS myxrqk &vuf rS wf \
t xufygqkrJcGJa0yHkudk(12) BudrfajrmufrSp 5 usyfwef
xDpepf&yfqkdi f;onfh(27) BudrfajrmufxDzGi hfyGJt xd?e*dkrlv
qkrJcGJa0yHkpepfESi fhwGJzuft oHk;jyKzGi hfvSpfcJhygonf/ aMunmcsuf
xkwfjyefpOfu xDa&mi f;&ai Gusyf(25) odef;vQi fwpf, lepf
owfrSwfumqkrJrsm;cGJa0ay;rnfjzpfaMumi f; aMunmcJhygonf/
okdY&mwGi fxDqkai Gwefzkd;rSma&mi f;&ai Gusyf(25) odef;\
66 &mcd k i f EI ef ; jzpf aeygonf /
(12) BudrfajrmufwGi ft u&m(14) vHk;pvHk; ukefpi fat mi f
a&mi f ;cscJ h &aomaMumi f hpepf opf ES i f hpepf a[ mi f ; ES pf ck pvH k ;jzi f hxD qk
rJ rsm;ud k aMunmxm;onf h t wk d i f ;cG J a0ay;Ed k i f cJ h ygonf /
xD a&mi f ;&ai Gt u &m(14) vH k ; =57272600^- usyf
qk rJt jzpf cGJa0ay;&ef60% =34363560^- usyf
pepf a[ mi f ;wpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ wef zk d ;
1500000d ^- _15 , l epf =22500000^- usyf
pepf opf wpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ wef zk d ;
1650000d ^- _ 7 , l epf =11550000^- usyf
pk pk aygi f ; 34050000^- usyf
t u &mvGJ*P ef ; (6) vH k ; t pOf t vk d uf wl jzpf aomaMumi f h' k wd ,
qk t a&t wG uf rS m]t u &mvH k ;a&at muf wpf ck avsmh } jzpf ygonf /
5 usyf wef xD \ qk rJcGJa0yH k pepf opf rS m, aeY t oH k ;jyKzGi f h vS pf
vsuf &S d aom]r*F vmpH k wG J pepf }\ a&S U ajy;yi f jzpf ygonf /
10 usyf wef xD pepf
zG i h f vS pf cJ h aom(28) Bud rf ajrmuf10 usyf wefxD zG i h f yG J ES i f h ywf ouf
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J u 15- 3- 91 &uf pG J yg aMunmcsuf ud k
aeY pOf xk wfowi f ;pmrsm;wG i fxnh f oG i f ;aMunmcJ h ygonf /
xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai Gpk pk aygi f ;\ 60 &mck d i f EI ef ;ud kqk ai Gt jzpf
cJGa0ay;ygonf/ t jri hfqHk;qkai GrSmusyf(10) odef;jzpf ' kwd,
t jri h f qH k ;qk rS musyf(5) od ef ;jzpf ygonf / 4i f ;qk BuD ;ES pf rsKd ;ud kxD zGi h f
vS pf &mwGi fwpf qk csi f ;EI d uf zGi f h vS pf ay;ygonf / t ed rf h qH k ;qk ai GrS m
usyf1500 jzpf ygonf /
10 usyfwefxDpepfESi fht wl r*FvmpHkwGJpepfarG;zGm;vm
ygonf / t u &m(26) vH k ; a&mi f ;csaomt Bud rf pOf wpf ck r*Fvm
pH k wG J , l epf wpf ck \ qk rJ cG J a0yH k ud kat muf wG i fazmf jyt yf ygonf /
yxrqkusyf oH k ;od ef ; 1 qk 300,0 00
' k wd , qkusyf wpf od ef ; 25 qk 2500000yxrqk &vuf rS wf
eH ygwf ES i f ht u &mvG J
*P ef ; (6) vH k ;
t pOf vk d uf wl
wwd , qkusyf i g;aomi f ; 9 qk 450000yxrqk &vuf rS wf
eH ygwf ES i f h t u &mwl ?
a&S U *P ef ; (5) vH k ;
t pOf vk d uf wlaemuf
*P ef ;wpf vH k ;vG J
pwk w qkusyf wpf aomi f ; 90 qk 900000yxrqk &vuf rS wf
eH ygwf ES i f h t u &mwl ?
a&S U *P ef ; (4) vH k ;
*P ef ;ES pf vH k ;vG J
y rqkusyf wpf axmi f h 900 qk 1350000yxrqk &vuf rS wf
i g;&m eH ygwf ES i f ht u &mwl ?
a&S U *P ef ; (3) vH k ;
*P ef ;oH k ;vH k ;vG J
aygi f; 1025 qk 5500000
qkwefzkd; qk t a&t wG uf qk ai G(usyf ) rS wf csuf
a&mi f;cs&onhft u&mvHk;a&ay:rlwnf r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepf
wpfck\ qkrJt a&t wGufESi fhqkrJwefzkd; pkpkaygi f; t ajymi f;t vJ
&S d ygonf / t u &mt wk d ;t avsmh &S d aomf vnf ;?r*FvmpH k wGJ, l epf \
yxr?wwd , ?pwk w ES i f hy rqk rsm;\ t a&t wGuf rS majymi f ;vJ
jci f;r&Sdyg/ ' kwd, qkrSm yxrqk&vufrSwfESi fh t u&mvGJ*P ef;
(6) vHk; t pOfvkdufwljzpfaomaMumi fh' kwd, qkt a&t wGufrSm
]t u &mvH k ;a&at mufwpf ck avsmh } jzpf ygonf /
r*FvmpH k wGJwpf , l epf wGi fyxrqk(1) qk ?wwd , qk(9) qk ?
pwk w qk (90) ES i f hy rqk (900) wk d Yyg0i f aomaMumi f hqk rJt a&
t wGufpkpkaygi f;udkat mufygyHkaoenf;jzi fhwGufcsuf&, lEkdi f
ygonf /
r*F vmpH k wG J wpf , l epf &S d qk rJ t a&t wG uf=(1000 +t u &mvH k ;a&) - 1
r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfpepfonfwpfBudrfqkrJEIdufHkjzi fhxDqkrJ
wpfaxmi fausmfzGi hfvSpfay;Edki fojzi fhvnf;aumi f;?t u&mvGJ?
aemuf qH k ;wpf vH k ;?ES pf vH k ;?oH k ;vH k ;vG J ojzi f hxD 0goem&S i f rsm; 0rf ;enf ;
zG, f &m t aMumi f ;r&S d awmh ojzi f hvnf ;aumi f ; r*FvmpH k wGJpepf ud k
0rf ;ajrmuf 0rf ;omBuKd qk d vuf cH Muygonf /
okdY&mwGi fqkrJayguf*P ef; ysHUESHYrIe, fy, fusOf;ajrmi f;ojzi fh
ayguf *P ef ;ysH U ES H Y rI e, f y, fus, f jyef Y ap&efwpf qk csi f ; rJ Ed I ufzG i h f vS pf
ay;&aomqk rJ(200) yg0i f onf hjznf h pG uf , l epf pepf ud k1991 ck ES pf ?
ZG ef vwG i fa&mi f ;cs Zl vk d i f vwG i f zG i h f vS pf cJ h aomt Bud rf(30) ajrmuf
xD zG i h f yG J rS pwi f xnh f oG i f ;zG i h f vS pf ay;cJ h ygonf /
jznfhpGuf, lepfpepf\ qkrJcGJa0yHkrSmat mufygt wdki f;
jzpf ygonf /
jznfhpGuf, lepfpepf\ yxrqkrSt y usefqkrJwefzkd;rsm;udk
3- 1- 93 aeY pwi fa&mi f;cs 3- 2- 93 aeY zGi hfvSpfaom
(49) Bud rf ajrmufxD zG i h f yG J rSpwi f wk d ;jr i f h jyi f qi f owf rS wf cJ h ygonf /
qkrJt a&t wGufrSm(200) yi fjzpfygonf/ qkrJwefzkd;wkd;wuf
vmyH k ud kat muf wG i f azmf jyt yf ygonf /
qk wef zk d ; qk t a&t wG ufqk ai G(usyf )
yxrqkusyf ES pf od ef ; 1 qk 200000
' k wd , qkusyf av;aomi f ; 5 qk 200000
wwd , qkusyf ES pf aomi f ; 10 qk 200000
pwk w qkusyf i g;axmi f 24 qk 120000
y rqkusyf oH k ;axmi f 160 qk 480000
pk pk aygi f ; 200 qk 1200000
qk rJ wef zk d ;wk d ;jr i f h vd k uf onf hjznf h pG uf , l epf onfrl vuxuf
qk ai G wef zk d ; usyf1080000 wk d ;wufvmygonf /
wpfqkcsi f; rJEdIufzGi fhvSpfay;&onfhusyf(10) odef;ESi fhusyf
(5) od ef ;qk BuD ;rsm;?wpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ(200) yg0i f wpf qk csi f ;
zG i f h vS pf ay;&aomjznh f pG uf , l epf pepf qk rJ rsm;ES i f hayguf *P ef ;wpf ck
rJ EI d uf zG i h f vS pf H k jzi f howf rS wf qk rJ(1000) ausmft wG J vk d ufay:xG uf
vmonfh r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfrsm;\ qkai Gwefzkd;pkpkaygi f;
udkxDa&mi f;&ai G\ 60 &mckdi fEIef;yrmP t wGi f;wGi f&Sdaeap&ef
]qk rJ ES i f h, l epf } t a&t wG uf ud koi f h avsmf ovk d owf rS wf ygonf /
xk d ok d Y owf rS wf NyD ;aemufqk rJ t jzpf cG J a0&efusef &S d aeao;onf h
ai Gud kt yd k qk rsm;t jzpfcGJa0ay;ygonf / t yd k qk rsm;\ wef zk d ;rsm;ud k
oD ;jcm;owf rS wf xm;jci f ;r&S d bJjznf h pG uf , l epf pepf rSqk rJ wef zk d ;rsm;
t wkdi f; owfrSwfzGi fhvSpfay;ygonf/ qkrJt a&t wGufudkvnf;
r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepf?jznhfpGuf, lepfrsm;uJhokdYt wdt usowfrSwf
xm;jci f;r&SdbJvufusefai GyrmP ESi fhavsmfnDat mi fowfrSwf
cG J a0ygonf /
qk rJ cG J a0&mwG i fxD a&mi f ;&ai G \ 60 &mck d i f EI ef ;ud kqk rJ rsm;t jzpf
t wdt uscGJa0&eft vGefcJ, Of;ygonf/ wpfqkcsi f; qkBuD;rsm;?
, lepft vkdufqkrJrsm;ESi fht ydkqkrJrsm;cGJa0NyD;onfhwkdi fai GyrmP
t enf ;i , f usef aewwf ygonf / xk d usef ai G rS mwef zk d ;t enf ;qH k ;qk
wpfqkxnhfoGi f;zGi hfvSpfay;&efyi frjynhfrDvQi fEdki fi Hawmfb@m
t jzpfrvT J ra&S mi f omod rf ;, l &ygonf /
50 usyf wef xD pepf
50 usyfwefxDpepfwGi fvnf; xDqkrJcGJa0yHkrSmxDpmt kyf
a&mi f;&ai Gpkpkaygi f;\ 60 &mcdki fEIef;udkqkai Gt jzpf cGJa0ay;NyD;
usef40 &mcd k i f EI ef ;ud kEk d i f i H awmf \ zGHUNzd K;a&;vk yf i ef ;rsm;wGi ft oH k ;jyK
&ef t wG uft cG ef b@mt jzpf&, l ygonf /
50 usyf wefxD pepf \ qk rJ rsm;ud k10 usyf wefxD pepf uh J ok d Y yi f
qk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ;?r*F vmpH k wG J , l epf pepf ?jznf h pG uf , l epf pepf ES i h ft yd k
qk rsm;[ k yi fcG J a0ay;ygonf /
qk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ; zG i h f vS pf ay;onf rS mwpf &G uf csi f ; xD xk d ;ol rsm;
t wG ufruf vH k ;ay; qJ G aqmi f jci f ;yi fjzpf ygonf /
50 usyfwefxDpepf\ yxrt BudrfxDzGi hfyGJjzpfonfh(96)
Bud rf ajrmuf wG i f t u &m(38) vH k ;pvH k ; uk ef pi f at mi fa&mi f ;cs&ygu
yxrqkusyf ES pf od ef ; 1 qk 200000
' k wd , qkusyf &S pf aomi f ; 5 qk 400000
wwd , qkusyf av;aomi f ; 10 qk 400000
pwk w qkusyf ES pf aomi f ; 24 qk 480000
y rqkusyf i g;axmi f 160 qk 800000
pk pk aygi f ; 200 qk 2280000
qk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ; usyf od ef ; (50) qk ?(9) qk ud kwpf qk csi f ; (9) Bud rf
rJEI d uf zGi h f vS pf ay;rnf [ k vnf ;aumi f ;?qk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ;usyf(25)
od ef ;qk ?qk(20) ud kwpf qk csi f ;t Bud rf(20) rJ Ed I uf zG i h f vS pf ay;rnf [ k
vnf ;aumi f ; aMunmcJ h ygonf /
usyf od ef ; (50) r*FvmpH k wGJ, l epf(23) , l epf ud k(23) Bud rf cGJ
rJEI d uf ay;rnf jzpf aMumi f ;vnf ; aMunmcJh onf / t u &m(38) vH k ;
t wG ufr*F vmpH k wG J wpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ rsm;ud kat muf ygt wd k i f ; cG J a0
ay;&efvsmxm;owf rS wf cJ h ygonf /
r*FvmpH k wGJ, l epf pepf rS mt wGJvd k uf pepf jzpf aomaMumi f hqk rJ
wpf qkEI d uf , l k H jzi f hqk rJwpf axmi f ausmfzGi f h vS pf NyD ;om; jzpf oGm;yg
onf/ odkY&mwGi faygufrJeHygwfrsm;rSmysHUESHYrIr&SdbJ?t pOft vdkuf
eHygwfrsm;omay:xGufvmygonf/ xdkYaMumi fhaygufrJeHygwfysHUESHY
ap&efjznf h pG uf , l epf pepf ud kxnf h oG i f ;zG i f h vS pf ay;ygonf /
jznfhpGuf, lepfpepfwGi fwpf, lepfvQi fqkrJ(200) yg&SdNyD;?
t u&mpnf?*P ef;pnfESi fhqkrJpnfwdkYudkwpfNydKi fwnf;vSnfh
rJ EI d uf zG i f h vS pf apaompepf jzpf ygonf / xd k Y aMumi f h qk rJ(200) pvH k ;\
ayguf*P ef; eHygwfrsm;onfwpfckESi fhwpfckt quft pyfr&SdbJ
usyef ;xG uf ay:vmrnf jzpf ygonf /
50 usyf wefxD pepf t pwGi ft u &m(38) vH k ; uk ef pi f at mi f
a&mi f ;cs&ygu jznf h pGuf , l epf pepf(18) , l epf ?qk rJaygi f ; (3600)
udkwpfqkcsi f;EIduf zGi fhvSpfay;rnfjzpfaMumi f;aMunmcJhygonf/
50 usyf wef xD pepf \ jznf h pG uf , l epf pepf \ wpf , l epf wG i fyg0i f aom
qkrJt rsKd;t pm;?wefzdk;ESi fht a&t wGufwdkYrSmat mufygt wdki f;
jzpf ygonf /
qk wef zd k ;
qk t a&
t wG uf
qk ai G (usyf ) rS wf csuf
yxrqkusyf od ef ; (50) 1qk5000000
' k wd , qkusyf(3) od ef ; 37qk11100000 yxrqk& vufrSwfESi hf
t u&mvGJ*P ef; (6) vHk;
t pOfvdkufwl
wwd , qkusyf(1) od ef ; 9qk 900000 yxrqk& vufrSwfESi hf
t u&mwla&SU*P ef; (5)
vH k ;t pOf vd k uf wlaemuf qH k ;
*P ef;wpfvHk;vGJ
pwk w qkusyf(5) aomi f ; 90qk4500000 yxrqk& vufrSwfESi hf
vH k ; t pOf vd k uf wlaemuf qH k ;
yO rqkusyf(1) aomi f ; 900qk9000000 yxrqk& vufrSwfESi hf
*P ef;oHk;vHk;vGJ
pk pk aygi f ; 1037qk30500000
at mifbmavxDordkif; . . pD ;qif ;aeaomat mif bmav a&t vsOf
odkY&mwGi ft xufazmfjyyg, lepfwpfckck(odkYr[ kwf) qkBuD;
wpf qk csi f ;wd k Y t euft enf ;qH k ;wef zd k ;jzpf onf husyf25 od ef ;ud k yi f
rjynf h rD awmh vQi ft yd k qk rJ t jzpfcG J a0ay;&ygrnf /
t u&m(38) vHk;t wGufqkrJcGJa0&mwGi ft ydkqkrJt jzpf
cG J a0&efyd k vQH ai G ay:ayguf yH k ud kat muf wG i fwG uf csuf azmf jyygrnf /
50 usyf wef xD pepf ? t u &m(38) vH k ;t wGufxD qk rJcGJa0yH k
(u)xD pmt k yf pk pk aygi f ; =t u &mwpf vH k ;&d SxD pmt k yf_
t u &mvH k ;a&
=81818 _ 38
=3109084 t k yf
(c)xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai G=xD pmt k yf t a&t wG uf _ xD pmt k yf
pk pk aygi f ; wpf t k yf wef zd k ;
=3109084 t k yf _ 500 usyf
=1554542000 usyf
(*)qk t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef =932725200 usyf
60 &mck d i f EI ef ;
xDpmt kyfrsm; a&mi f;&ai G\ 60 &mckdi fEIef;udkqkrJt jzpfcGJa0
ay;&mwGi fqk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ;t vk d uf ?r*FvmpH k wGJt vd k uf ?jznf h pGuf
, l epf pepf rsm;t vk d ufvsmxm;cG J a0ay;aomf vnf ; wd uspG mcG J a0&ef
cJ, Of;ygonf/ xkdYaMumi fhqkrJcGJa0&efai Grsm;ydkvQHavh&Sdygonf/
xk d yd k vQH aomai G rsm;rS mzG i h f vS pf rnf ht Bud rf pOf \ r*F vmpH k wG Jwpf , l epf
\ wefzdk; (odkYr[ kwf) jznfhpGufpepfwpf, lepf\ wefzdk; usyf(75)
odef;(odkYr[ kwf) qkBuD;wpfqkcsi f;\ wefzdk; usyfodef; (50)
(ok d Y r[ k wf ) qk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ;\ wef zk d ; usyf(25) od ef ;wpf ck ck ud k
jynfhrDygu jynfhrDEkdi fonfh, lepfwpfckck(okdYr[ kwf) qkBuD;wpfqk
csi f ;uk dqk rJ cG J a0yH k wG i fwd k ;jr i f h xnf h oG i f ;vk d uf&rnf jzpf ygonf /
yxrqkusyf (5) od ef ; 1 qk 500000
' k wd , qkusyf (4) od ef ; 2 qk 800000
wwd , qk - usyf(2) od ef ; 7 qk 1400000
pwk w qk - usyf(8) aomi f ; 10 qk 800000
y rqk - usyf(4) aomi f ; 20 qk 800000
q|rqk - usyf(2) aomi f ; 160 qk 3200000
pk pk aygi f ; 200 qk 7500000
(C) qk rJcGJa0ay;jci f ;
(1) usyf od ef ; (50) = 45000000usyf
wpf qk csi f ; (9) qk
(2) usyf(25) = 50000000usyf
od ef ; wpf qk csi f ; (20)
(3) usyf od ef ; (50) r*F vmpk H wG J = 701500000usyf
, l epf(23) , l epf
wpf , l epf wef zd k ; usyf(305) od ef ; _ 23 , l epf
(4) jznf h pG uf , l epf(18) , l epf = 135000000usyf
wpf , l epf wef zd k ; usyf(75) od ef ; _ 18 , l epf
qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef = 931500000usyf
vsmxm;NyD ; ai Gpk pk aygi f ;
(i ) qk t jzpf cG J a0ay;&rnf h ai G = 932725200usyf
qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef = - 931500000usyf
t yd k qk t jzpfcGJa0ay;&ef = 1225200usyf
yd k vQH ai G
i f ;yd k vQH ai G rS mr*F vmpk H wG Jwpf , l epf wef zd k ;ud k aomf vnf ;aumi f ;?
jznf h pG uf , l epfwpf , l epf wef zd k ;ud k aomf vnf ;aumi f ;?qk BuD ;wpf qk
csi f;wefzdk;udkaomfvnf;aumi f;?jynfhrDjci f;r&Sdojzi fht ydkqkrJrsm;
t jzpf cGJa0ay;&rnf jzpf ygonf /
t ydkqkrJrsm;t jzpfcGJa0&mwGi fqkrJwefzdk;udkjznfhpGuf, lepf
pepfrSwefzdk;rsm;t wkdi f; cGJa0ay;NyD; qkrJt a&t wGufudkrlydkvQH
ai Gud k csi f h csd ef vd k wd k ;yd k avQmh enf ; (Trial and Error Method) jzi f h
uefYowfcsuft wdt usrxm;bJcGJa0ay;Edki fygonf/ t u&m
(38) vH k ; uk ef pi f at mi f a&mi f ;cs&vQi fcGJa0ay;&efvsmxm;cJh onf h
t yd k qk rJcG J a0ay;yH k rS mat muf ygt wd k i f ; jzpf ygonf / (yd k vQH ai GyrmP
t wdki f;t wmt wGi f;wGi fat mufygqkrJwefzdk;rsm;t wkdi f;?qkrJ
t a&t wGufrwlnDapbJenf;t rsKd;rsKd; cGJa0Edki fygonf/ qkt a&
t wGufenf;apvdkvQi fqkwefzdk;BuD;BuD;udkrsm;rsm;vsmxm;
qkt a&t wGufrsm;apvdkvQi fqkwefzdk;enf;enf;udkrsm;rsm;
vsmxm;&efjzpf ygonf /)
usyf(2) odef; 1 qk 200000
usyf(8) aomi f; 4 qk 320000
usyf(4) aomi f; 8 qk 320000
usyf(2) aomi f; 19 qk 380000
pkpkaygi f; 32 qk 1220000
t yd k qk t jzpf cGJa0ay;&ef yd k vQH ai G = 1225200usyf
t yd k qk t jzpf cGJa0ay;&ef vsmxm;NyD ;ai G= - 1220000usyf
yd k vQH ai G = 5200usyf
xd k od k Y t yd k qk rsm; cG J a0ay;vd k uf onf h wd k i f5200 usyfyd k aeao;
onfudkawGU&Sd&rnfjzpfygonf/ i f;ai GrSmqkt a&t wGufudk
vGwfvyfpGmcGJa0ay;Edki fonfht ydkqkrsm;\ t edrfhqHk; qkrJwefzdk;
jzpf onf husyf(2) aomi f ;ud k yi frjynf h rD awmh ojzi f hqk wpf qk t jzpf
owf rS wf cG J a0ay;jci f ; rjyKEd k i f awmh yg/ xd k Y aMumi f hxd k ai G 5200 usyf ud k
rvT J omra&S mi f om]b@mod rf ;jci f ;}(od k Y r[ k wf ) t ed rf h qH k ;qk wef zd k ;
jzpf onf husyf(2) aomi f ; jynf h ap&ef14800 usyf]b@mpd k uf jci f ;}
jyKvk yf &rnf jzpf ygonf / cGJa0yH k wGi f5200 usyf ud kb@mod rf ;cJh
ygonf /
50 usyfwefxDpepf\ qkrJcGJa0yHkwGi ft edrfhqHk;qkai GrSm
usyf wpf aomi f ; jzpf ygonf / xd k Y aMumi f husyf wpf aomi f ; jynf h rD ap&ef
usyf4800 b@mpdkufrnfvQi fvnf; rjzpfEdki fyg/ t b, faMumi fh
qd k aomfusyf wpf aomi f ;qk rS mr*F vmpH k wG J , l epf pepf \ y rajrmuf
qkwefzdk;jzpfaeNyD;?wpfqkwnf;uGufumzGi fhvSpf &aomqkrsKd;
r[ k wf bJol U wef zd k ;ud kol Y t a&t wGuf ES i f h ol U t wGJvd k uft wd t us
owfrSwfzGi fhvSpfay;&onfh, lepfwpfck\ t edrfhqHk;qkjzpfaom
aMumi f h yi f jzpf ygonf /
(96) BudrfrS(99) Budrft xdt u&mvHk;a&(38) vHk;
ud k uk ef pi f at mi fra&mi f ;cs&aomaMumi f ht Bud rf(100) ajrmuf rS
pwi f ?xDxdk;olrsm;t m; ydkrdkpdwfyg0i fpm;vmap&ef?r*FvmpHkwGJ
, l epf pepf rS' k wd , qk ud kusyf(3) od ef ;rSusyf(6) od ef ;od k Ywd k ;jr i f h
ay;cJh onf h t jyi ft u &mvH k ;a&ud k vnf ; (20) od k YavQmh csxk wf a0
aps;uGufwGi fr*FvmpHkwGJ(r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfwpf, lepfvHk;
r[ kwfyg/) [ kajymqdka&mi f;csonfheHygwfwlt u&mvGJt apmi f
(20) wpfwGJrSwpfapmi fapmi fonfr*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfrSyxrqk
usyf od ef ; (50) ud kqGwf cl ;&&S d cJh ygu usef t u &mvGJ*P ef ; (6) vH k ;
t pOf vd k uf wl(19) apmi f u ' k wd , qkusyf(6) od ef ;pD ud kqG wf cl ;&&S d
rnf jzpf ygonf / xd k Y aMumi f hyxrqk t wG ufusyf od ef ; (50)?' k wd , qk
(19) qk t wG ufusyf(114) od ef ;?pk pk aygi f ;usyf(164) od ef ;qG wf cl ;
&&S d rnf jzpf ygonf /
50 usyfwefxDpepfwGi ft Budrf(100) ajrmufrSp t opf
jy|mef;vdkufonfhr*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfwpfck\ t u&mt vHk; (20)
t wG ufqk rJ cG J a0yH k ud kat muf wG i f azmf jyygrnf /
t opfjy|mef;vdkufonfhr*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfqkrJcGJa0yHkwGi f
t apmi f(20) yg&Sdonfhr*FvmpHkwGJwpfwGJrSqGufcl;&&Sdrnfh
qk wef zd k ;onfqk rJcGJa0yH k t a[ mi f ;wGi f(38) apmi f ygr*FvmpH k wGJrS
qGwf cl ;&&S d rnf hwef zd k ;xuf yi fusyf(3) od ef ; yd k ygonf /
50 usyfwefxDpepfonfa&SUydki f;wGi fat mi fjri frIr&&SdcJh
aomf vnf ; 50 usyf wefxD pepf &yf qd k i f ;cJh onf h(202) Bud rf ajrmuf
wG i f t u &m(37) vH k ;uk ef pi f at mi fa&mi f ;cs&onf t xdat mi f jri f rI
&&S d cJ h ygonf /
50 usyf wefxD pepf pwi f cJ h onf h(96) Bud rf ajrmuf wG i ft u &m
(38) vH k ;t wG uf qk rJ cG J a0yH k ES i f hEI d i f ;, S Of avh vmEd k i f ap&ef 50 usyf wef
xDpepf&yfqdki f;onfh(202) BudrfajrmufwGi ft u&m(37) vHk;
t wG ufqk rJcG J a0yH k ud kat muf wG i fazmf jyygrnf /
r*F vmpH k wG J , l epf pepfwpf , l epf wG i ft u &m(37) vH k ;t wG uf
qkrJ(1036) qk&SdNyD; pepfopfqkrJcGJa0yHkt &qkrJwefzdk;pkpkaygi f;
usyf od ef ;aygi f ; (410) jzpf ygonf /
jznf h pG uf , l epf pepf rS mwpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ(200) ES i f h qk rJ wef zd k ;
pk pk aygi f ;usyf(75) od ef ;yi fjzpf ygonf /
(202) Bud rf ajrmuf50 usyf wef xD pepf ?t u &m(37) vH k ;t wGuf
xD qk rJ cG J a0yH k
(u)xD pmt k yf pk pk aygi f ; =t u &mwpf vH k ;&S dxD pmt k yf_
t u &mvH k ;a&
=81818 _ 37
=3027266 t k yf
(c) xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai G=xD pmt k yf t a&t wGuf _
pk pk aygi f ; xD pmt k yf wpf t k yf wef zd k ;
=3027266 t k yf _ 500 usyf
=1513633000 usyf
(*) qk t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef
60 &mcd k i f EI ef ; = 908179800 usyf
qk wef zd k ;
qk t a&
t wG uf
qk ai G (usyf ) rS wf csuf
yxrqk - usyf od ef ; (50) 1qk5000000
' k wd , qk - usyf(6) od ef ; 19qk11400000 yx rqk&v ufrSwfESi hf
t pOfvdkufwl
wwd, qkusyf(1) odef; 9qk 900000 yx rqk&v ufrSwfESi hf
*P ef;wpfvHk;vGJ
pwk w qk - usyf(5) aomi f ; 90qk4500000 yx rqk&v ufrSwfESi hf
t u &mwl a&S U *P ef ; (4)
yO rqk - usyf(1) aomi f ; 900qk9000000 yx rqk&v ufrSwfESi hf
t u &mwla&S U *P ef ;
(3) vHk;t pOfvdkufwl
aemuf qH k ;*P ef ;oH k ;vH k ;vGJ
pk pk aygi f ; 1019qk30800000
(C)qk rJcGJa0ay;jci f ;
(1)19- 5- 2000 &uf pGJygaMunmcsuf
t ydk' f- 3 (c)t & =20000000usyf
b@mod rf ; t cGef &ai GrSusyf od ef ; (100) xk wf , l
aygi f ;xnf h usyf od ef ; (300) csD ;jr i f h onf /
(2)usyf od ef ; (50) wpf qk csi f ;
(12) qk =60000000usyf
(3)usyf(25) od ef ;wpf qk csi f ;
(13) qk =32500000usyf
(4)usyf od ef ; (50) r*F vmpH k wG J , l epf
(19) , l epf =779000000usyf
wpf , l epf wef zd k ; usyf od ef ; (410)
(5)jznf h pG uf , l epf
(2) , l epf =15000000usyf
wpf , l epf wef zd k ; usyf(75) od ef ;
qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef vsmxm;NyD ;
ai Gpk pk aygi f ; 906500000usyf
(i ) qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&rnf h ai G = 908179800usyf
qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef vsmxm;NyD ;ai G
pk pk aygi f ; =- 906500000usyf
4i f;ydkvQHai Gudkt ydkqkrsm;t jzpfat mufygt wdki f; cGJa0ay;
ygonf /
t yd k qk t jzpf cGJa0ay;&ef vsmxm;NyD ;ai G=- 1660000usyf
yd k vQH ai G19800 usyf rS mwpf qk csi f ;zG i f h vS pf ay;onf hqk rsm;xJ rS
wefzdk;t i , fqHk; usyf20000 udkyi fjynfhrDjci f; r&Sdojzi fh
qk wpf qkt jzpfcG J a0ray;Ed k i f awmh bJrvT J ra&S mi f omb@mod rf ;cJ h
&ygonf /
usyf(2) od ef ; 5 qk 1000000
usyf(8) aomi f ; 4 qk 320000
usyf(4) aomi f ; 7 qk 280000
usyf(2) aomi f ; 3 qk 60000
pk pk aygi f ; 19 qk 1660000
100 usyf wefxD pepf wG i f vnf ; xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai Gpk pk aygi f ;
\ 60 &mcdki fEIef;udkqkrJt jzpfcGJa0ay; usef40 &mcdki fEIef;udk
at mi f bmav od ef ;qk cG ef t jzpf&, l ygonf /
100 usyf wefxD pepf \ qk rJ rsm;ud k50 usyf wefxD pepf uh J ok d Y yi f
qk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ;?r*F vmpH k wG J , l epf pepf ?jznf h pG uf , l epf pepf ES i h ft yd k
qk rsm;[ l yi fcG J a0ay;ygonf /
qkBuD;wpfqkcsi f;t aejzi hft xl;qkBuD; usyfodef;i g;&m?
usyfodef;oHk;&m?usyfodef;ESpf&mESi hfusyfodef;wpf&m[ l av;rsKd;
&S d NyD ; owf rS wf t a&t wGuf t wd k i f ; wpf qk csi f ;pDrJEI d uf zGi h f vS pf ay;
ygonf /
r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfpepfrSmvnf; qkwefzdk;omajymi f;vJ ?
zGi hfvSpfonfhoabmw&m;rSm50 usyfwefxDpepfESi hft wlwlyi f
jzpf ygonf / 100 usyf wef xD pepf wG i f1.12.2005 &uf aeY u zG i h f vS pf
cJ h onf h(203) Bud rf ajrmufxD zG i h f yG J t u &m(24) vH k ;t wG ufr*F vm
pH k wGJwpf , l epf vQi fat muf ygt wd k i f ; qk rJrsm;cGJa0 ay;cJ h ygonf /
jznfhpGuf, lepfpepf\ qkt rsKd;t pm;?qkwefzdk;?qkt a&
t wGuf wd k U rS m50 usyf wefxD pepf t wd k i f ;yi fjzpf ygonf / wpf , l epf
wG i fqk rJ(200) &S d qk wef zd k ; pk pk aygi f ;usyf(75) od ef ;yi f jzpf ygonf /
100 usyfwefxDpepfwGi f(203) BudrfrS(205) Budrft xd
t u&m(24) vHk;pDxkwfa0a&mi f;cscJhygonf/ i f;t BudrfwdkYwGi f
qkBuD;wpfqkcsi f;?r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfrsm;?jznfhpGuf, lepfrsm; cGJa0
qkwefzdk;
qkt a&
t wGuf
qk ai G (usyf ) rSwfcsuf
yxrqk - usyf od ef ; (100) 1qk 10000000
' kwd, qkusyf(10) odef; 23qk 23000000 yxrqk& vufrSwfESi hf
t pOfvdkufwl
wwd, qkusyf(2) odef; 9qk 1800000 yxrqk& vufrSwfESi hf
*P ef;wpfvHk;vGJ
pwkwqk- usyf(1) odef; 90qk 9000000 yxrqk& vufrSwfESi hf
vHk;t pOfvdkufwl
aemufqHk;*P ef; ESpfvHk;vGJ
yO rqk - usyf(2) aomi f ; 900qk 18000000 yxrqk& vufrSwfESi hf
vH k ;t pOf vd k uf wl aemuf qH k ;
*P ef; oHk;vHk;vGJ
pkpkaygi f; 1023qk 61800000
at mifbmavxDordkif; ~~ ~.
ay;NyD;aemufydkvQHaeonfhai GyrmP rSmt xufazmfjyygqkBuD;
wpf qk csi f ; (od k Y r[ k wf ) , l epf wpf ck ck ud kjynf h rD jci f ;r&S d vQi ft yd k qk rJ
rsm;t jzpfcGJa0ay;ygonf/ t u&m(24) vHk;t wGuft ydkqkrJrsm;
t jzpf cG J a0&efyd k vQH ai G ay:ayguf yH k ud kat muf wG i fazmf jyygrnf /
(203) Bud rf ajrmuf100 usyf wef xD pepf ?t u &m(24)vH k ;
t wG ufxD qk rJ cG J a0yH k
(u) xD pmt k yf pk pk aygi f ; =t u &mwpf vH k ;&S d xD pmt k yf _
t u &mvH k ;a&
=81818 _ 24
=1963632 t k yf
(c) xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai G=xD pmt k yf t a&t wG uf_ xD pmt k yf
=1963632 t k yf _ 1000 usyf
= 1963632000 usyf
(*) qk t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef =1178179200 usyf
60 &mcd k i f EI ef ;
(1) 20- 9- 2005 &uf pGJyg = 40000000usyf
aMunmcsuf t &
b@mod rf ; t cGef &ai GrS usyf od ef ; (100) xk wf , l
aygi f ;xnf h usyf od ef ; (500) csD ;jr i f h onf /
(2) usyf od ef ; (300) = 60000000usyf
(3) usyf od ef ; (200) = 80000000usyf
(4) usyf od ef ; (100) = 50000000usyf
(5) usyf od ef ; (100) = 927000000usyf
r*FvmpH k wGJ, l epf (15) , l epf
(6) jznf h pGuf , l epf (2) , l epf = 15000000usyf
qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef
vsmxm;NyD ; ai Gpk pk aygi f ; =1172000000usyf
at mifbmavxDordkif; ~ ~,
(i ) qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&rnf h ai G =1178179200usyf
qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef =- 1172000000usyf
vsmxm;NyD ;ai G pk pk aygi f ;
t yd k qk t jzpf cGJa0ay;&ef yd k vQH ai G= 6179200usyf
i f;ydkvQHai GrSmr*FvmpHkwGJwpf, lepfwefzdk;udkvnf;aumi f;?
jznf h pGuf , l epfwpf , l epf wef zd k ;ud k vnf ;aumi f ;?qk BuD ;wpf qk csi f ;
wefzdk;rsm;xJrSt i , fqHk;wefzdk;jzpfonfhusyfodef; (100) udkyi f
vnf;aumi f; jynfhrDjci f;r&Sdojzi hft ydkqkrJrsm;t jzpfomcGJa0ay;
&rnf jzpf ygonf /
t ydkqkrJrsm;t jzpfcGJa0&mwGi fqkrJwefzdk;udkjznfhpGuf, lepf
pepfrSwefzdk;rsm;t wdki f; cGJa0NyD; qkrJt a&t wGufudkrl ydkvQHai G
yrmP t wdki f;t wmt wGi f; oi hfavsmfovdkowfrSwfcGJa0Ekdi f
ygonf / t u &m(24) vH k ;t wG uft yd k qk rJ rsm; cG J a0yH k uk dat muf wG i f
azmf jyt yf ygonf /
(50) usyf wef xD pepf wG i ft yd k qk rJ rsm;cG J a0&m jznf h pG uf , l epf
pepf rS qk rJwef zd k ; (6) rsKd ;t eufusyf(2) od ef ;? usyf(8) aomi f ;?
usyf(4) aomi f ;ES i h fusyf(2) aomi f ;qk wd k Y ud k omt yd k qk \ qk rJ wef zd k ;
rsm;t jzpfcGJa0ay;cJhygonf/ 100 usyfwefxDpepfwGi frljznfhpGuf
, l epf pepf rSqk rJ wef zd k ; (6) rsKd ;pvH k ;ud kt yd k qk rsm;\ wef zd k ;rsm;t jzpf
owf rS wf cG J a0ay;onf ud kt xuf ygZ, m;t &od &S d Ek d i f ygonf /
t yd k qk t jzpfcGJa0ay;&efyd k vQH ai G = 6179200usyf
t yd k qk t jzpfcG J a0ay;&efvsmxm;NyD ;ai G=- 6160000usyf
t yd k qk rsm; cGJa0ay;NyD ;onf h wd k i fyd k vQH ai G19200 usyfjzpf ay:
aeygao;onf/ i f;ai GrSmusyf100 wefxDpepf\ t i , fqHk;qk
jzpfonfhusyf20000 udkyi fjynfhrDjci f;r&Sdojzi hfqkwpfqkt jzpf
cG J a0ray;Ek d i fawmh bJrvT J omra&S mi f omb@mod rf ;cJ h &ygonf /
(206) BudrfajrmufrSp 100 usyfwefxDpepfqkrJcGJa0yHk\
xl;jcm;ajymi f;vJrIrSmusyfodef;i g;&mt xl;qkBuD;wGi fb@modrf;
t cG ef &ai G rSusyf od ef ;wpf &mxnf h oG i f ;csD ;jr i h f jci f ;ud k&yf qd k i f ;jci f ;ES i h f
t ydkqkrsm; csD;jri hfonfhpepfajymi f;vJjci f;wdkYjzpfygonf/ t ydkqk
rsm;udkqkBuD;wpfqkcsi f;?r*FvmpHkwGJ, lepfrsm;?jznfhpGuf, lepfrsm;
cG J a0NyD ;aemuf ?yd k vQH aomai G ud kcsD ;jr i h f jci f ;r[ k wf awmh bJusyf i g;od ef ;?
av;od ef ;?ES pf od ef ; ponf hqk t vwf rsm; t a&t wGuf rsm;jym;vm
ap&efqk ai G yrmP wpf ckowf rS wf cG J a0vsmxm;jci f ; jzpf ygonf /
yxrqk - usyf (5) od ef ; 2 qk 1000000
wwd , qk - usyf (2) od ef ; 8 qk 1600000
pwk w qkusyf (8) aomi f ; 10 qk 800000
yO rqk - usyf (4) aomi f ; 15 qk 600000
q|rqk - usyf (2) aomi f ; 28 qk 560000
pk pk aygi f ; 67 qk 6160000
at mifbmavxDordkif; ~, ~
xdkYaMumi fh(206) BudrfajrmufrSp pwi fusi hfoHk;cJhonfh
100 usyf wef xD pepf \ qk rJ cG J a0yH k ud kyxrqH k ; zG i f h vS pf cJ h onf h(203)
Bud rf ajrmuf ES i h fEI d i f ;, S Of avh vmEk d i f &ef t wGuf1- 12- 2008 aeY u
aemufqHk; zGi hfvSpfcJhonfh(239) BudrfajrmufxDzGi hfyGJwGi ft u&m
(36) vH k ;t wG ufqk rJcG J a0yH k ud kat muf wG i f azmf jyygrnf /
r*F vmpH k wG J, l epf pepf(1) , l epf wG i f t u &m(36) vH k ;t wG uf ?
' kwd, qkusyf(10) odef;rSm(35) qkjzpfvmNyD; usefqkrsm; t a&
t wGufajymi f ;vJjci f ;r&S d aomaMumi h fpk pk aygi f ;qk rJ(1035) qk &S d
qk rJwef zd k ; pk pk aygi f ; usyf(738) od ef ;jzpf vmygonf /
jznf h pG uf , l epf pepf rS mwpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ(200) ES i h f qk rJ wef zd k ;
pk pk aygi f ; usyf(75) od ef ;yi f jzpf ygonf /
(239) Bud rf ajrmuf100 usyf wef xD pepf ?t u &m(36) vH k ;
(u) xD pmt k yf pk pk aygi f ; =t u &mwpf vH k ;&S d xD pmt k yf_
t u &mvH k ;a&
=81818 _ 36
=2945448 t k yf
(c) xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai G=xD pmt k yf t a&t wG uf_ xD pmt k yf
=2945448 t k yf _ 1000 usyf
= 2945448000 usyf
(*)qk t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef =1767268800 usyf
(1) usyf od ef ; (500) = 50000000usyf
t xl ;qk BuD ;wpf qk
b@mod rf ;t cGef &ai GrSusyf od ef ; (100) xk wf , l
aygi f ;xnf h csD ;jr i f h jci f ;rjyKawmh yg/
(2) usyf od ef ; (300) = 60000000usyf
(3) usyf od ef ; (200) = 80000000usyf
(4) usyf od ef ; (100) = 200000000usyf
(5) usyf od ef ; (100) =1328400000usyf
r*FvmpH k wGJ, l epf (18) , l epf
qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef =1740900000usyf
at mifbmavxDordkif; ~' ~
(i ) qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&rnf h ai G =1767268800usyf
t yd k qk rJrsm;ud kat muf ygt wd k i f ; cGJa0ay;ygonf /
i f ;yd k vQH ai G8800 usyf rS m100 usyf wef xD pepf \ t i , f qH k ;
jzpfonfhusyf20000 udkyi f jynhfrDjci f;r&Sdojzi hfqkwpfqkt jzpf
cG J a0ray;Ek d i f awmh bJrvG J omra&S mi f omt cG ef b@mt jzpfod rf ;, l
&ygonf /
200 usyf wef xD pepf(qk rJ cG J a0yH k )
t Bud rf pOf wd k i f ; xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai G pk pk aygi f ;\ 60 &mck d i f EI ef ;
udkqkrJt jzpfcGJa0ay; usef40 &mcdki fEIef;udkEdki fi HawmfzGHUNzdK;a&;
vk yf i ef ;rsm;wG i ft oH k ;jyK&ef t wG uft cG ef b@mt jzpf&, l ygonf /
200 usyfwefxDpepf\ qkrJrsm;udk50 usyfwefESi fh100
usyfwefxDpepfuJhodkYyi f(u) qkBuD;wpfqkcsi f; (c) r*FvmpHkwGJ
, l epf pepf(*) jznf h pGuf , l epf pepf ES i f h(C) t yd k qk rsm;[ l qk t rsKd ;
t pm; (4) rsKd ;owf rS wf cG J a0zG i f h vS pf ay;ygonf /
qkBuD;wpfqkcsi f;t aejzi fht xl;qkBuD; usyfodef; (1000)?
usyfodef; (500)?usyfodef; (300)ESi fhusyfodef; (200) qkrsm;udk
t Bud rf pOf t vd k ufa&mi f ;cs&onf ht u &mvH k ;a&ay:rl wnf t a&
t wG uf owf rS wf cG J a0ay;ygonf /
r*F vmpH k wG J, l epf pepf wG i fqk rJ(5) rsKd ; &S d yxrqk ES i f h' k wd , qk
rSmusyf100 wefxDpepfwkef;u wefzdk;t wdki f; rajymi f;vJbJ
wwd , ?pwk w ES i f hy rqk wd k Y ud k omwef zd k ;wd k ;jr i f h owf rS wf xm;yg
onf / qk rJ t a&t wG ufowf rS wf yH k ES i f hzG i f h vS pf onf hoabmw&m;
rS m100 usyf wef xD pepf uJ h od k Y yi fjzpf ygonf /
t yd k qk t jzpf cGJa0 = - 26360000usyf
ay;&ef vsmxm;NyD ;ai G
pwk w qkusyf (8) aomi f ; 35 qk 2800000
yO rqkusyf (4) aomi f ; 41 qk 1640000
q|rqkusyf (2) aomi f ; 56 qk 1120000
pk pk aygi f ; 190 qk 26360000
at mifbmavxDordkif; ~ ~
1- 12- 2008 &ufaeYwGi fpwi fa&mi f;csaom1- 1- 2009
&uf aeY wGi fzGi f h vS pf aom200 usyf wefxD pepf \ yxrqH k ;t Bud rf
jzpf onf ht Bud rf(240) ajrmuf t u &mt vH k ; (30) t wG ufr*F vm
pH k wG J wpf , l epf vQi fat muf ygt wd k i f ; qk rJ rsm; cG J a0ay;cJ h ygonf /
jznf h pG uf , l epf pepfwpf , l epf vQi fqk rJ200 yg0i f qk rJ rsm;ud k
at muf ygt wk d i f ;cG J a0ay;ygonf /
qkwefzdk;
qkt a&
t wGuf
qk ai G (usyf ) rSwfcsuf
yxrqk - usyf od ef ; (100) 1qk 10000000
' kwd, qkusyf(10) odef; 29qk 29000000 yxrqk&vufrSwfeHygwf
ESi hft u&mvGJ*P ef; (6)
vHk; t pOfvdkufwl
wwd, qkusyf(3) odef; 9qk 2700000 yxrqk&vufrSwfeHygwf
ES i h f t u &mwla&S U *P ef ; (5)
*P ef;wpfvHk;vGJ
pwkwqk- usyf(2) odef; 90qk 18000000 yxrqk&vufrSwfeHygwf
ESi hft u&mwla&SU*P ef;
(4) vHk;t pOfvdkufwl
aemufqHk;*P ef; ESpfvHk;vGJ
yO rqk - usyf(1) od ef ; 900qk 90000000 yxrqk&vufrSwfeHygwf
ESi hft u&mwla&SU*P ef;
(3) vHk; t pOfvdkufwl
aemuf qH k ; *P ef ;oH k ;vH k ;vG J
pkpkaygi f; 1029qk 149700000
200 usyfwefxDpepf\ yxrqHk;jzpfaomt Budrf(240)
ajrmufxDzGi fhyGJwGi ft u&mt vHk; (30) t wGufqkrJcGJa0yHkudk
at muf wG i f azmf jyygrnf /
t Bud rf(240) ajrmuf200 usyf wef xD pepft u &mt vH k ; (30)
(u)xD pmt k yf pk pk aygi f ; =t u &mwpf vH k ;&S d xD pmt k yf_
t u &mvH k ;a&
=81818 _ 30
=2454540 t k yf
(c)xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;&ai G=xD pmt k yf t a&t wG uf_ xD pmt k yf
=2454540 t k yf _ 2000 usyf
= 4909080000 usyf
pwk w qkusyf (1) od ef ; 160 qk 16000000
pk pk aygi f ; 200 qk 25200000
(*) qk t jzpf cG J a0ay;&ef =2945448000 usyf
(1) 21- 10- 2008 &uf pG J yg = 100000000usyf
usyf od ef ; (500) aMunm
csuf t &t xl ;qk BuD ;wpf qk
usyf od ef ; (1000) t xl ;
qk BuD ;wpf qk
(2) usyf od ef ; (500) = 50000000usyf
(3) usyf od ef ; (300) = 90000000usyf
(4) usyf od ef ; (200) = 100000000usyf
(5) usyf od ef ; (100) =2544900000usyf
r*F vmpH k wG J , l epf(17) , l epf
wpf , l epf wef zd k ; usyf(1497)od ef ;
(i )qk rJ t jzpf cG J a0ay;&rnf h ai G =2945448000usyf
t yd k qk t jzpf cGJa0ay;&ef yd k vQH ai G=- 10148000usyf
t ydkqkrJrsm;\ wefzdk;t oD;oD;rSmjznfhpGuf, lepfpepfqkrJ
wef zd k ;rsm;ES i f ht wl wl yi f jzpf ygonf / jznf h pGuf , l epf wpf , l epf vQi f
qkrJ(200)?qkrJwefzdk;pkpkaygi f;usyf(252) odef; yHkaoowfrSwf
cG J a0ay;NyD ; t yd k qk rsm; cG J a0&mwG i fqk t a&t wG uf ud kyd k vQH ai G aygi f ;
t wG i f ; t enf ;t rsm;oi f h avsmf ovd kowf rS ef cG J a0ygonf / t Bud rf
(240) ajrmufwGi ft u&mt vHk; (30) t wGuft ydkqkrJrsm;udk
at muf ygt wk d i f ; cG J a0ay;cJh ygonf /
pwk w qkusyf (1) od ef ; 84 qk 8400000
pk pk aygi f ; 90 qk 10100000
t yd k qk t jzpf cGJa0ay;&efyd k vQH ai G = 10148000 usyf
t yd k qk t jzpf cGJa0ay;&efvsmxm;NyD ;ai G=- 10100000 usyf
yd k vQH ai G = 48000 usyf
t yd k qk rJrsm; cGJa0&efvsmxm;NyD ;onf h wd k i fusyf48000 yd k vQH
aeygao;onf / i f ;yd k vQH ai Gonf200 usyf wef xD pepf \ t ed rf h qH k ;
qk jzpf aomusyf(1) od ef ;ud k yi fjynf h rD jci f ;r&S d aomaMumi f hqk wpf qk
t jzpfcGJa0ray;Ed k i f awmh yJrvT Jra&S mi fomEd k i f i H awmf b@mt jzpf
od rf ;, l cJ h &ygonf /
xD vuf rS wf rsm;?xD pmt k yf rsm;a&mi f ;csjci f ; ajymi f ;vJyH k t qi f h qi f h
2 usyf wef xD pepf
yxrOD;qHk;t BudrfxDvufrSwfrsm;udk &efukefNrdKU? urf;em;
vrf ;?t rS wf(182) &S dA[ d k xD k H vuf rS wf wpf apmi f csi f ; 2 usyf jzi f h
vnf ;aumi f ;?(15) apmi f ygxD wpf t k yf vQi f28 usyf jzi f h vnf ;aumi f ;
a&mi f;csay;cJhonf/ pmwdkufrSwpfqi fhay;ydkY&efrSmMum;vQi f
xD pmt k yf wef zd k ;t jyi fwpf t k yf t wG ufpmwd k uf c 6 yJ ud k ygxD t k yf csKyf
a&;rS L;xHay;yd k Y rS mMum;&ygonf /
&ef uk ef Nrd KUjyi f ywG i ft pd k ;&ai G wd k uf rsm;ES i f h vuf at muf ai G wd k uf
t m;vkH;wdkY owfrSwfavQmhEIef;jzi fht kyfvkdufa&mi f;csay;cJhonf/
wpf apmi f csi f ; ra&mi f ;yg/
&efukefNrdKUjyi fy&Sd?pmydkYwdkufcGJrsm;rSt y?pmwdkufBuD;?pmwdkuf
i , ft m;vHk;wGi fxDvufrSwfwpfapmi fcsi f;pDa&mi f;csay;onf/
pmwd k uf rsm;wG i ft k yf vd k uf 0, f vQi favQmh EI ef ;cH pm;cG i f h r&S d yg/
&ef uk ef Nrd KUjyi f ywG i f &S d ?ai G wd k uf r&S d ?pmwd k uf r&S d aomt &yf a' o
rsm; xD vuf rS wf rsm;ud kaus;&G mvl BuD ;rsm;ES i f ht uG uf t k yf ol BuD ;rsm;
xH wG i fwpf apmi f csi f ;0, f , l Ed k i f onf /
odkY&mwGi fat mufyga' orsm; xDvufrSwfrsm; a&mi f;cs
Ed k i f jci f ;r&S d cJ h yg/
(u) &S rf ;jynf e, f ajrpk
(c) &S rf ;jynf e, f ajrpk rSwpf yg;?t jcm;jynf e, fajrrsm;
(*) &cd k i f uk ef ;wef ;e, f ajrrsm;
(C) csi f ;awmi f pD &i f pk
(i ) jrpf BuD ;em;?Aef ;armf ?uom pD &i f pk rsm;&S ducsi f uk ef ;wef ;
e, f ajrrsm;?
(p) qH k ;r&m;e, f ajr
(q) Bwd *H ac: e, f ajr
(Z) [ l ;aumi f ;awmi f Mum; ac: e, f ajr
(ps) oH vGi f pD &i f pk
(n) pD &i f pk t k yf csKyf &mwGi frygaomvl rsKd ;pk e, f y, f t m;vH k ;
' kwd, t BudrfajrmufxDzGi fhyGJrSp (13) Budrfajrmuft xd
(11) apmi f ygxD wpf t k yf vQi f20 usyf ?wpf apmi f csi f ; 2 usyf EI ef ;jzi f h
*syefacwfwGi fA[ dkxDkHudkat mi fr*Fvmodef;qkawmfkH[ k
t rnf ay;vsuf ?&ef uk ef aejynf awmf ?abmi f ' &D vrf ; (, ck "r apwD
vrf ;)?t rS wf(253) wGi fzGi f h vS pf (11) apmi f ygxD wpf t k yf vQi f
19 usyfqi f h50 jzi f ha&mi f ;cscJh onf / A[ d k xD k H wGi fxD wpf apmi f csi f ;
ra&mi f ;yg/ vuf vD a&mi f ;csonf hxD qd k i f uav;rsm;wGi fwpf apmi f
vQi f2 usyfEIef;jzi fhwpfapmi fcsi f;a&mi f;csonf/ xDvufrSwfrsm;?
xD pmt k yf rsm;ud kai G om;jzi f h omvG wf vyf pG ma&mi f ;csonf /
zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;t NyD;?t *Fvdyfrsm; jyefvnf
0i fa&mufvmNyD;aemuf?1946 ckESpfwGi f&efukefNrdKU?urf;em;vrf;?
t rSwf(182) yi fxDkH;udkjyefvnfzGi fhvSpfNyD; (14) Budrfajrmuf
xD [ kowf rS wf quf vufzG i f h vS pf &ef(11) apmi f ygxD wpf t k yf vQi f
20 usyf jzi f h vnf ;aumi f ;?xD wpf apmi f csi f ; 2 usyf jzi f h vnf ;aumi f ;
ai G om;jzi f h vG wf vyf pG ma&mi f ;cscJ h onf /
xDvufrSwfrsm;udkjynfyEdki fi Hrsm;odkYvnf; a&mi f;cscJhonf/
jynf yu0, f , l vd k vQi f&ef uk ef Nrd KU ?jref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD ?t k yf csKyf
a&;rS L;xHai G yd k Y vT mpmjzi f h jzpf ap?British Postal Orders (od k Y r[ k wf )
Indian Currency Notes ud k t mrcH pmt d wf wG i fxnf h jzpf ap ay;yd k Y
rS mMum;Ed k i f ygonf / od k Y &mwGi fIndian Postal Orders jzi f hay;yd k Y
rS mMum;jci f ;ud kvuf rcH yg/ Indian Postal Orders rS mjref rmEd k i f i HwG i f
ai Gxkwf r&aomaMumi fhjzpfonf/ ay;ydkYonfhai GESi fhumrdonfh
xD vuf rS wf rsm;?xD pmt k yf rsm;ud kpmwd k uf cNi d rf ;jzi f hay;yd k Y ay;cJ h onf /
ud k vd k eD acwf rS onfvG wf vyf a&;&NyD ;pt csd ef t xdjynf yEd k i f i H
rsm;od k YxD vuf rS wf rsm; a&mi f ;cscJ h aomf vnf ; 1948 ck ES pf ?at muf wd k
bmvwGi fpwi fa&mi f;cs ' DZi fbmvwGi fzGi fhvSpfcJhonfh(25)
Bud rf ajrmufxD zGi f h yGJt wGuf rS p jynf yEd k i f i H rsm;od k YxD vuf rS wf rsm;
a&mi f ;csjci f ;rjyKawmh yg/
1- 10- 72 aeYwGi fjynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;OD;pD;Xme zGJUpnf;
wnfaxmi fNyD;aemuf?wHqdyfacgi f;cGefESi fhat mi fbmavodef;qk
XmecG J u?xD pmt k yf rsm;ud kA[ d k t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf rSvuf vD vuf um;
ai Gom;jzi fha&mi f;csjci f;?e, ft a&mi f;XmepdwfrSNrdKUe, ft cGefOD;pD;
XmerS L;k H ;rsm;od k YxD pmt k yf rsm; ay;yd k Y jci f ;wd k Y ud kaqmi f &Guf &ygonf /
t cGefOD;pD;XmerSL;kH;rsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkYoufqdki f&mNrdKUe, ft wGi f;
a&mi f ;csjci f ;wd k Y ud kaqmi f &G uf Mu&ygonf / ai G wd k uf ?pmwd k uf ?aus;&G m
vl BuD ;rsm;wd k Y rSxD a&mi f ;csjci f ;rjyKawmh yg/
1976 ckESpfwGi fat mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJt jzpfoD;jcm;
&yfwnfNyD;aemuf?A[ dkt a&mi f;ESi fhe, ft a&mi f;XmepdwfwdkYu
, ci fyHkpHt wdki f; xDvufrSwfrsm; jzefYjzL;cJhMuygonf/ 1984 ckESpf
rS p A[ d k t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf wGi fxD 0, f , l cGi f h pmt k yf(ygrpf ) pepf ud k
pwi fusi fhoHk; ai Gom;jzi fhyi fa&mi f;cscJhygonf/odkY&mwGi ft kyfa&
(750) ESi fht xuf0, f, lcGi fh&&Sdolrsm;onfai GoGi f;vTma&;jznfh
wi fjyum?ai Gxdef;XmepdwfrSai GoGi f;csvef&, l bP fwGi f
ai G oG i f ;NyD ;?xk d ai G oG i f ;csvef wi f jyEd k i f rS omA[ d k t a&mi f ;aumi f wm
rSxD pmt k yf rsm; xk wf , l &&S d Ed k i f ygonf /
5 usyf wef xD pepf
5 usyfwefxDpepfwGi fvnf; xD0, f, lcGi fhpmt kyf(ygrpf)
pepf ud k yi fquf vuf usi f h oH k ;ygonf /
10 usyf wef xD pepf
10 usyfwefxDpepfwGi f0, f, lcGi fhpmt kyfpepf?uwfpepf?
avQmuf vT mjzi f ha&mi f ;csaompepf rsm; usi f h oH k ; cJh ygonf / xD pmt k yf
(100) ES i f h t xuft NrJwrf ;0, f , l cGi f h &ol ud kxD 0, f , l cGi f h(ygrpf )
pmt k yf jzi f h vnf ;aumi f ;?xD pmt k yf(50) ES i f h at muft NrJ wrf ;0, f , l
cG i f h &ol ud k0, f , l cG i f h uwf jzi f h vnf ;aumi f ;?wpf cgwpf &HavQmuf xm;
0, f, lolrsm;udkavQmufvTmjzi fhvnf;aumi f;?A[ dkt a&mi f;Xme
pd wf rSa&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf / 10 usyf wef xD pepfpwi f cJ h aom1991 ck ES pf ?
{NyD v (28) Bud rf ajrmuf rS p 1992 ck ES pf ?Zl vd k i f v (43) Bud rf ajrmuf
t xdai Gom;jzi fhvnf;aumi f;?bP fai GoGi f;csvefpepfjzi fh
vnf ;aumi f ; a&mi f ;cscJ h onf / (44) Bud rf ajrmuf rS p ?&ef uk ef Nrd KUA[ d k
t a&mi f;XmepdwfwGi f t kyf (500)? usyfi g;aomi f;zdk;t xd
ai Gom;jzi fhvnf;aumi f;?t kyf(500) t xufudkai Gay;t rdefYvTm
(Payment Order) ES i f hbP f ai GvT Jvuf rS wf(Bank Draft) jzi f h
vnf;aumi f; a&mi f;cscJhonf/ &efukefwdki f;rSt y NrdKUe, ft cGefOD;pD;
XmerSL;kH;rsm;wGi foufqdki f&mNrdKUe, fjrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;bP frsm;
ai G oG i f ;NyD ;aomcsvef rsm;jzi f h omxD pmt k yf rsm; a&mi f ;csaompepf ud k
quf vuf usi f h oH k ;ygonf / vuf vD wpf apmi f csi f ; a&mi f ;csaomXme
ydki fqdki frsm;t jzpf&efukefNrdKU? jynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;OD;pD;Xme?OD;pD;kH;
wGi f]vkyfom;BuD;xDqdki f}ESi fhat mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJwGi f
]at mi f bmavod ef ;qkvk yf om;qd k i f }wd k YzG i f h vS pf a&mi f ;cscJ h onf /
50 usyf wef xD pepf
50 usyfwefxDpepfudk?1996 ckESpf?' DZi fbmvwGi fpwi f
a&mi f ;csuwnf ;u?xD 0, f , l cG i f h pmt k yf rsm;?xD 0, f , l cG i f h uwf rsm;?
avQmufvTmrsm;jzi fha&mi f;csaompepfudkzsufodrf;cJhygonf/
rnfolrqdkwpfOD;udkwpfaeYvQi ft kyf(100) rS(50000) t xd?
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecGJ?A[ d k t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf wGi fvuf um;
EIef; wpft kyf500 usyfEIef;jzi fhvnf;aumi f;?wpft kyfrS(99) t kyf
t xdudk&efukefNrdKU?(36)vrf;?t rSwf(211û) &Sd]jynfvHk;
csrf ;omxD qd k i f }wG i fvuf vD EI ef ; 550 usyf jzi f h vnf ;aumi f ; a&mi f ;cs
cJ h onf /
A[ dkt a&mi f;XmepdwfrSa&mi f;cs&mwGi fai Gom;jzi fha&mi f;cs
jci f;rjyKawmhbJ?ai Gay;t rdefYvTm(Payment Order) jzi fhom
a&mi f ;csygonf / yk * vd ubP f rsm;rSai G ay;t rd ef Y vT mrsm;ud k(128)
Bud rf ajrmuf t xdvuf cH aqmi f &G uf ay;cJ h aomf vnf ;?yk * vd ubP f
rsm;u ai Gay;t rdefYvTmrsm;udkt qrwefwdk;jri fha&;om;ay;
aomaMumi f h ?rvd k vm;t yf aomjzwf awmuf a&mi f ;csrI rsm; jyKvk yf &
ojzi f h ?1999 ck ES pf ?puf wi f bmv (129) Bud rft a&mi f ;rS p jref rmh
pD ;yGm;a&;bP f cGJ(4)?(5) ES i f h(6) wd k Y rSai Gay;t rd ef Y vT mrsm;jzi f h om
a&mi f;csygawmhonf/ xDpmt kyf0, f, lcGi fh&&Sdxm;olrsm;t m;?
ai Gxd ef ;Xmepd wf od k Yai Gay;t rd ef Y vT mwi f jyapNyD ;?ai Gxd ef ;Xmepd wf rS
xk wf ay;aomcsvef &rS om?A[ d k t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf u xD pmt k yf rsm;
xkwfay;ygonf/ 12- 11- 2002 aeYwGi fXmecGJu aMunmcsuf
xkwfjyef (168) BudrfajrmufrSp ai Gay;t rdefYvTmjzi fh0, f, l
Ed k i f aomxD pmt k yf t a&t wGuf t wd k i f ;t wmuk d]t k yf a&(100) rS
(20000) t xd }od k Yajymi f ;vJowf rS wf cJ h ygonf /
100 usyf wefxD pepf wG i f vnf ; 50 usyf wefxD pepf uJ h od k Y yi f ?
ai G ay;t rd ef Y vT mjzi f hvG wf vyf pG ma&mi f ;csygonf / t enf ;qH k ;t k yf a&
(100) rSt rsm;qHk;t kyfa&(20000) t xdjrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;bP fcGJ
(4)?(5) ES i f h(6) wd k Y t eufwpf ck ck wGi frd rd 0, f , l vd k onf hxD pmt k yf
t a&t wGufwefzdk;t wdki f; ai Gay;oGi f;xm; i f;bP frsm;u
xkwfay;aomai Gay;t rdefYvTmudkat mi fbmavodef;qkXmcGJ?
ai Gxdef;XmepdwfodkYxDpmt kyf0, f, lvdkolrsm;u wi fjy&ygonf/
0, f, lvdkolrsm;u wi fjyavQmufxm;onfht kyfa&ESi fh&efukef
A[ dkt a&mi f;XmepdwfrSa&mi f;csay;Edki faomt kyfa&t csKd;t &
0, f, lvdkolrsm;t m;vHk;udkt csKd;usrQwpGma&mi f;csay;vsuf
&S d ygonf /
&efukefe, ft a&mi f;Xmepdwfonfat mi fbmavodef;qk
XmecGJ(rE av;k H ;cGJ) rSjzef Y jzL;aomouf qd k i f &mjynf e, f ^wd k i f ;rsm;
t wGi f ;&S dNrd KU e, f rsm;rS t y?usef jynf e, f ^wd k i f ;rsm;t wGi f ;&S dNrd KU e, f
rsm;od k Yay;yd k Y &ef vd k t yf aomxD pmt k yf rsm;ud kjynf e, f ^wd k i f ;t vd k uf ?
Nrd KU e, f rsm;t vd k ufpm&i f ;jyKpk NyD ; vd k t yf aomxD pmt k yf rsm;ud kod k avS mi f
XmepdwfrSpm&i f;Z, m;jzi fhxkwf, l oufqdki f&mNrdKUe, frsm;odkY
t csd ef rD ay;yd k Y &ygonf /
NrdKUe, ft cGefOD;pD;XmerSL;kH;rsm;u vufcH&&SdaomxDpmt kyf
rsm;ud kvpOfvqef ;k H ;zG i f h &uf (5) &uft wG i f ;?ai G om;jzi f h r[ k wf bJ ?
bP f wG i fai G oG i f ;NyD ;aomcsvef wi f jyrSpmt k yf xk wf ay;aompepf
ud kusi f h oH k ;a&mi f ;csygonf /
e, ft a&mi f;Xmepdwfuvnf;?NrdKUe, fkH;rsm;rS&ufowywf
t vdkuft a&mi f;pm&i f;csKyfrsm; rSefrSefay;ydkYjci f; &Sd- r&Sdpdppfjci f;?
ay;ydkYvmaomt a&mi f;pm&i f;csKyfESi fhoufqdki f&mcsvefrdwLrsm;
wdkufqdki fppfaq;jci f;?t a&mi f;ydwfaMu;eef;ESi fhXp- 9 yHkpHrsm;
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xD a&mi f ;csrI ES i f h ywf ouf uG yf uJ xd ef ;csKyf xm;ygonf /
at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ(rEav;kH;cGJ) t aejzi fhvnf;
&ef uk efe, f t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf uJ h od k Y yi frd rd wd k Ywm0ef , l jzef Y jzL;&aom
jynfe, f^wdki f;rsm;t wGi f;&SdNrdKUe, ft cGefOD;pD;XmerSL;kH;rsm;\
xD pmt k yf a&mi f ;csrI rsm;ud kBuD ;Muyf vsuf &S d ygonf /
200 usyf wefxD pepf
xDpmt kyfrsm;udk100 usyfwefxDpepfuJhodkYyi fjzefYjzL;vsuf
&S d ygonf /
xD vuf rS wf wd k i f ; acwf ord k i f ;
yxrOD;qHk;t Budrf2 usyfwefxDvufrSwfay:wGi facgi f;pD;
pmwef;udk]jrefrmEdki fi Hawmft pdk;&xD}[ l dkufESdyfxm;ygonf/
xkdacgi f;pD;pmwef;t wdki f; (13) Budrfajrmuft xddkufESdyfazmfjy
cJ h ygonf /
*syefacwfwGi fxD(8) BudrfzGi hfvSpf&mxDvufrSwfrsm;ay:
]ArmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD }[ kazmf jycJ h ygonf /
zuf qpf *syef awmf vS ef a&;t NyD ;?t *F vd yf rsm; jyef vnf 0i f a&muf
vmNyD ;aemuf1946 ck ES pf wG i fquf vuf zG i h f vS pf aom(14) Bud rf ajrmuf
rSNAd wd oQud k vd k eD acwf \ aemuf qH k ;xD zGi h f yGJ(19) Bud rf ajrmuf t xd
xDvufrSwfrsm;ay:wGi facgi f;pD;pmwef;t jzpf]jrefrmEdki fi Hawmf
t pd k ;&xD }[ k yi fjyef vnf oH k ;EI ef ;ygonf /
1948 ckESpfjrefrmEkdi fi HawmfvGwfvyfa&;&onfht csdefrSp
]t pd k ;&od ef ;xD }[ l aomt rnf rS]Ek d i f i H awmf t pd k ;&at mi f bmav
odef;qk}t rnfodkYajymi f;vJcJhonf[ ka, bk, st m;jzi hfajymqdk
a&;om;aeMuaomfvnf; vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; 28- 2- 48 aeUwGi f
zGi hfvSpfcJhonfht Budrf(20) ajrmuf2 usyfwefxDvufrSwfay:
wGi fvnf; ]jrefrmEdki fi Hawmft pdk;&xD}[ kyi fa&;om;dkufESdyfxm;
ygonf / (21) Bud rf ajrmuf wGi f vnf ; ajymi f ;vJjci f ;r&S d ao;aMumi f ;
avhvmawGU&Sd&ygonf/ odkYjzpf&jci f;rSmvGwfvyfa&;&vkeD;
t csd ef wGi fawmrwf pf ' D vml ; (Thomas De La Rue) yH k ES d yf wd k uf
Bud Kwi f d k uf ES d yf xm;aomaMumi f hjzpf &rnf [ koH k ;oyf rd ygonf /
od k Y &mwG i ft pd k ;&A[ d k yH k ES d yf wd k uf(Government Press) rSpwi f
dkufESdyfaom?21- 4- 48 aeUwGi fpwi fa&mi f;cs 9- 6- 48 aeY
pwi f zGi h f vS pf cJh onf h (22) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf ay:
wG i f vnf ; ]jref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&xD }[ l yi fd k uf ES d yf xm;ygonf /
(23) BudrfajrmufwGi f]jynfaxmi fpkjrefrmEdki fi Hawmfat mi f
bmavod ef ;qk }[ l pwi f d k uf ES d yf azmf jycJ h ygonf /
xdkacgi f;pD;pmwef;udk(109) Budrfajrmuft xd87 Budrft xd
d k uf ES d yf azmf jycJ h ygonf / xd k xD vuf rS wf rsm;t euf(97) Bud rf ajrmuf
xD vuf rS wf ud kat muf wG i f azmf vd k uf ygonf /
xDvufrSwfudkavmydwa&t m;vQyfppfpDrHudef;yHkjzi fhokyf
azmf xm;ygonf / xD vuf rS wf aemuf ausmygpnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;wG i f
xDzGi fh&ufrSm24- 1- 1961 aeYwGi fpwi frnfjzpfaMumi f; azmfjy
xm;ygonf / xd k Y aMumi f havmyd wa&t m;vQyf ppf pD rH ud ef ;ud k2- 3-
1962 aeYrSpwi fcJhaomawmfvSefa&;aumi fpDvufxufrwdki frD
uyi fpwi f t aumi f t xnf azmf aeNyD jzpf aMumi f ; od &S d Ed k i f ygonf /
29- 1- 63 aeY wGi fpwi f a&mi f ;cs 20- 3- 63 aeY wGi fpwi f
zG i f h vS pf cJ h aomt Bud rf(110) ajrmuf rS p 28- 7- 71 aeY wG i fpwi f
a&mi f ;cs 27-9-71 aeY wG i fpwi f zG i f h vS pf cJ h aom(161) Bud rf ajrmuf
t xdxD vuf rS wf rsm;\ acgi f ;pD ;pmwef ;rS m]jynf axmi f pk jref rmEd k i f i H
awmfvSefa&;t pdk;&at mi fbmavodef;qk}jzpfygonf/ xdkxD
vuf rS wf rsm;t euf(146) Bud rf ajrmuf ud kxk wf Ek wf wi f jyvd k uf yg
onf / 1969 ck ES pf ?' D Zi f bmvu jref rmEd k i f i H wGi fusi f ;ycJh aom(5)
Bud rf ajrmuft a&S U awmi f t m&S uRef ;qG, f t m;upm;Nyd Ki f yGJud kok yf
azmf xm;aomaMumi f h jzpf ygonf /
1- 10- 71 aeY wGi fpwi f a&mi f ;cs 1- 12- 71 aeY wGi fpwi f
zGi fhvSpfaom(162) BudrfajrmufrSp ?5- 12- 73 aeYwGi fpwi f
a&mi f ;cs 4- 2- 74 aeY wG i f pwi f zG i f h vS pf cJ h aom(175) Bud rf ajrmuf
t xd]jynf axmi f pk jref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&at mi f bmavod ef ;qk }
[ l yHkESdyfazmfjycJhygonf/ xdkacgi f;pD;pmwef;jzi fhdkufESdyfcJhaomxD
vuf rS wf rsm;t eufreef ;pd k ;?reef ;pH&i f csi f ;quf t rT mud kat mi f jri f
pG mcG J pd wf Ed k i f jci f ; ok yf azmf jyxm;aom(166) Bud rf ajrmufxD vuf rS wf
ud k azmf jyvd k uf ygonf /
(176) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf rsm;wG i f]jynf axmi f pk
qdk&S, fvpforwEdki fi Hawmft pdk;&at mi fbmavodef;qk}[ l
pwi fazmfjycJhygonf/ t pdk;&A[ kdyHkESdyfwdkufu (22) BudrfajrmufrS
(179) Bud rf t xd158 Bud rfd k uf ES d yf ay;cJh ygonf /
0gZDvkyfi ef; pDrHudef;pufHkrSpwi fdkufESdyfay;aomt Budrf
(180) ajrmuf2 usyf wef xD vuf rS wf wG i f]jynf axmi f pkqd k &S , f vpf
or w jref rmEd k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&at mi f bmavxD }[ l vnf ;aumi f ;?
(181) ES i f h(182) Bud rf wd k Y wG i f]jynf axmi f pkqd k &S , f vpfor wjref rm
Ed k i f i H awmf t pd k ;&at mi f bmavod ef ;qk }[ l vnf ;aumi f ; d k uf ES d yf
azmf jyxm;ygonf /
(225) BudrfajrmufrSpwi f ]jynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;OD;pD;Xme
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J(225) Bud rf ajrmufat mi f bmavod ef ;qk
vuf rS wf }[ l ]jynf wG i f ;t cG ef rsm;OD ;pD ;Xme}t rnf emrud kazmf xk wf
d k uf ES d yf ygonf /
(183) BudrfwGi f]jynfaxmi fpkqdk&S, fvpforwjrefrmEdki fi H
awmfat mi fbmavodef;qk}[ kpwi fdkufESdyfcJh&m1- 2- 1982
aeY wG i fzG i f h vS pf aom(224) Bud rf ajrmuf t xd yi fjzpf ygonf /
5 usyf wefxD pepf od k Ypwi f ul ;ajymi f ;&mwGi fyxrt Bud rf ud k
(265) Budrfajrmuf2 usyfwefxDvufrSwfrsm;ay:wGi fa&mfbm
wHqdyfwkH;jzi fhMuufajccwfvsuf2 usyfwefudky, fzsufNyD;
]i g;usyf5d }[ l d k uf ES d yf azmf jy a&mi f ;cscJh ygonf /
3-2-97 aeY wG i fpwi f a&mi f ;cs 3-3-97 wG i fzG i f h vS pf cJ h aom
(98) Bud rf ajrmuf50 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf rS p xD vuf rS wf ay:wG i f
]50d }[ k pwi f azmf jyd k uf ES d yf cJ h ygonf /
xd k Y t wl(266) Bud rf ajrmuf2 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf rsm;ud k vnf ;
i g;usyf wef t jzpfa&mf bmwH qd yfd k uf ES d yf a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
5 usyf wef ES i f h10 usyf wef xD pepf rS onf50 usyf wefxD pepf \
(98) Bud rf t xd]jynf wG i f ;t cG ef rsm;OD ;pD ;Xme at mi f bmavod ef ;qk
XmecGJ( - ) Bud rf ajrmufat mi f bmavod ef ;qk vuf rS wf }[ l yi f
qufvufoHk;pGJygonf/ 50 usyfwefxDpepf\ yxrt BudrfESi fh
' kwd, t Budrfjzpfonfh(96) BudrfajrmufESi fh(97) BudrfajrmufxD
vuf rS wf rsm;rS m10 usyf wef(96) Bud rf ES i f h(97) Bud rf wd k Y ud k(2 usyf
wef rS5 usyf wefajymi f ;ouJ h od k Y ) a&mf bmwH qd yfd k uf ES d yf xm;jci f ;yi f
jzpf ygonf /
(99) Bud rf ajrmuf50 usyf wefxD vuf rS wf rS p xD vuf rS wf \
a&SUrsufESmpmay:wGi fvuf0Jbuft xufaxmi fh t Budrfajrmuf
*P ef;ESi fhxDzGi fhrnfh&ufpGJ?i f;\ at mufwGi f]jynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;
OD;pD;Xme}[ l vnf;aumi f;?vuf, mbuft xufaxmi fhwGi f
xDvufrSwfeHygwfESi fhi f;\ at mufwGi f]at mi fbmav odef;qk
vufrSwf}[ l vnf;aumi f; azmfjydkufESdyfcJh&m100 usyfwef
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, ckavhvmwi fjycJhaomxDvufrSwfrsm;\ acgi f;pD;pmwef;
rsm;?xD vuf rS wf rsm;ay:&S dacwf t quf quf yef ;csD ok yf azmf yH k rsm;
rS macwf umvwd k Y \ ok yf ouef rsm; xi f [ yf aeonf haMu;rH k jyi f rsm;
at mifbmavxDordkif;
jzpf ygonf / xD vuf rS wf aemuf ausmygpnf ;urf ;csuf rsm;rS mvnf ;

acwft qufqufat mi fbmavxDordki f;\ t ydki f;t prsm;yi f
jzpf ygonf /
vGef cJh onf h1973- 74 ck ES pf u ]pme, f Zi f ;wk d i f ; acwf ork d i f ;}
[ l aomaqmi f yk ' f wpf ckay:xGuf cJh zl ;ygonf / xD vuf rS wf wd k i f ;rS m
vnf; pme, fZi f;rsm;uJhodkYacwf\ orkdi f;?acwf\ aMu;rHkjyi fyi f
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&efukefNrdKU?ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe, f?r[ mAEKvvrf;ESi fh(37)
vrf ;axmi h f ?t rS wf(384) &S dajrae&m at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J
t aqmuf t t H k opf wnf aqmuf &efjynf wG i f ;t cG ef rsm;OD ;pD ;Xmeu
t rSwf(1) pufrI0efBuD;Xme?jrefrmht axGaxGESi fhjyKjyi fxdef;odrf;
a&; pufrIvkyfi ef;at muf&SdjyKjyi fxdef;odrf;a&;vkyfi ef; pufHkokdY
1991- 92 b@ma&;ESpfwGi fpwi ft yfESH t aumi ft xnfazmf
aqmi f &G uf cJ h ygonf /
t aqmuf t t H k opf ud kr[ mAE Kvvrf ;rsuf ES mpm 55 ay _ ay
100 (0.126 {u) &S dyxrwef ;pm; ajruG uf ES i f h(37) vrf ; rsuf ES mpm
ay 40 _ ay 40 (0.036 {u) &S dpwk w wef ;pm;ajruG uf ?ajruG uf ES pf uG uf
wG J ay:wG i faqmuf vk yf xm;ygonf / t aqmuf t t H k wG i fajray: (5)
xyfESi fhajrat muf(1) xyfyg0i fygonf/ ajrnDxyfrSpwkwxyf
t xdwpfxyfvQi f(7100) pwk&ef;ayEIef;jzi fh(5) xyft wGuf
(35500) pwk&ef;ayus, f0ef;ygonf/ ajrat mufxyfrSmr[ m
AE Kvvrf ;rsuf ES mpm&S d NyD ; (5500) pwk &ef ;ayus, f 0ef ; ygonf /
t ay:qHk;pwkwxyfwGi fbk&m;cef;?xDzGi hfyGJcef;rESi fhpm;Nrdef
aqmi fwkdYwnf&Sdygonf/ wwd, xyfwGi fvufaxmufTefMum;
a&;rS L; (pD rH ) H k ;cef ;?qk ai Gxk wf ay;a&;Xmepd wf ?ai Gpm&i f ;Xmepd wf
ES i f hi f ;Xmepd wfES pf ck \ pwd k cef ;rsm;?' k wd , xyf wG i fT ef Mum;a&;rS L;
H k ;cef ;?t pnf ;t a0;cef ;r?pD rH a&;&mXmepk ES i f hpwk d cef ;rsm;?yxrxyf
wG i f' k wd , T ef Mum;a&;rS L; (pD rH )?' k wd , T ef Mum;a&;rS L; (t a&mi f ;)?
vuf axmuf T ef Mum; a&;rS L; (t a&mi f ;) ES i f hvuf axmuf T ef Mum;
a&;rS L; (rE av;H k ;cGJ) wk d Y \ H k ;cef ;rsm;?e, f t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf ES i f hpwk d
cef ;rsm;?ajrnD xyf wGi fA[ k d t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf ?ai Gxd ef ;Xmepd wf ES i f h
armfawmf, mOfrsm;xm;&mt cef;?ajrat mufxyfwGi fvufrSwf
ppf aq;a&;Xmepd wf ES i f hod k avS mi f Xmepd wf wk d Ywnf &S d ygonf /
ajrnDxyfrSpwkwxyfxDzGi hfyGJcef;rt xdt vG, fwul
qi f;wufEdki fap&efvl (10) a, mufpD; "mwfavSum;wpfpD;
wyf qi f xm;ygonf / xD pmt k yf rsm;ud kajrat muf xyfok d avS mi f cef ;rS
ajrnD xyf &S dA[ d k t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf ES i f h yxrxyf &S de, f t a&mi f ;Xme
pd wf wk d Y ok d Y t vG, f wul o, f , l Ed k i f ap&ef 0ef csD puf(Winch) wpf ck
ud k vnf ; wyf qi f xm;ygonf /
t aqmuf t t H k aqmuf vk yf &mwG i fa&oef Y ES i f hvQyf ppf vk yf i ef ;
rsm;t ygt 0i fusyfodef;aygi f; (463.32) cefYukefuscJhygonf/
15- 5- 95 aeYwGi faqmufvkyfNyD;pD;NyDjzpfaomt aqmuft t Hk
opfBuD;udkjynfwGi f;t cGefrsm;OD;pD;Xmeu w&m;0i fvTJajymi f;
vuf cH cJ h ygonf /
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J ud kurf ;em;vrf ;ES i f h vrf ;opf vrf ;
axmi fh&Sdzufpyfaumfykda&;&Si f; (2) vDrdwuft aqmuft t HkrS
Hk;opfBuD;okdY14- 9- 95 aeYwGi fpwi fajymi f;a&TUcJhNyD; 29- 9- 95
aeY wG i fH k ;t aqmuf t t H k opfzG i h f vS pf yG J ud k crf ;em;pG musi f ;ycJ h ygonf /
15- 3- 97 aeYwGi fat mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ AdkYt m;
(6600) t oHk;csEdki fonfhvQyfppfx&efpazmfrmudkwyfqi fEkdi fcJh
ojzi fh"mwfavSum;t oHk;jyK&mvnf;aumi f;?xDzGi hfyGJcef;rwGi f
acwfrDElectronic Display Board wyfqi f&eft wGuf
vnf ;aumi f ; t qi f ajyacsmarG U cJ h ygonf /
at mif bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J \ wd k ;wuf ajymif ;vJ jcif ;rsm;
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&efukefNrdKU?at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJHk;opfBuD; zGi hfvSpfNyD;
rMumrDat mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ(rEav;Hk;cGJ) udkrEav;NrdKU?
at mi f ajrompH Nrd KU e, f ?(22) vrf ;ES i f h(23) vrf ;Mum; (65) vrf ;ay:&S d
rEav;wkdi f;t cGefOD;pD;XmerSL;Hk;t aqmuft t HkajrnDxyfwGi f
3- 11- 95 aeY rSpwi f zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J(rE av;H k ;cG J ) yH k
ES i f h A[ d k t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf [ l (2) ck cGJjcm; A[ d k t a&mi f ;Xmepd wf rS
rEav;NrdKUay: (5) NrdKUe, fokdYvnf;aumi f;?e, ft a&mi f;XmepdwfrS
rE av;wk d i f ;t wGi f ;&S dusef Nrd KU e, f(23) Nrd KU e, f ?ppf ud k i f ;wk d i f ;rS(24)
NrdKUe, f?rauG;wkdi f;rS(19) NrdKUe, f?ucsi fjynfe, frS(4)NrdKUe, f?
&Srf;jynfe, frS(17) NrdKUe, fpkpkaygi f; (87) NrdKUe, fokdYvnf;aumi f;
pwi fjzef Y jzL;a&mi f ;cscJ h ygonf /
at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J(rE av;H k ;cG J ) ud kwm0ef cH(1) OD ;?
OD;pD;t &m&Sd(2) OD; t ygt 0i f0efxrf;t i ft m; (39) OD;jzi fhpwi f
vnf ywf aqmi f &G uf cJ h ygonf /
xD zG i h f yG J cef ;rwG i facwf rD Electronic Display System wyf qi f jci f ;
11- 7- 97 wGi fjynf wGi f ;t cGef rsm;OD ;pD ;XmeES i f hpi f umyl Ek d i f i H
Transicom Engineering Co., Ltd. wk d YElectronic Display Sys-
tem wyfqi fa&;t wGufpmcsKyfcsKyfqkdvufrSwfa&;xkd;cJhMu
ygonf /
18- 11- 97 wGi fpuf yp nf ;rsm;?pi f umyl Ek d i f i H rSa&muf &S d cJh
puf ud &d , mrsm;wyf qi f NyD ;aemufprf ;oyf avh usi h f rI rsm; t Bud rf Bud rf
jyKvk yf cJ h Mu&ygonf /
1998 ck ES pfZef e0g&D vwGi f zGi h f vS pf cJh aom(108) Bud rf ajrmuf
50 usyf wefat mi f bmavod ef ;qk zGi f h yGJrS pwi f um Electronic
Display System ud k t oH k ;jyK zG i h f vS pf cJ h ygonf /
15- 11- 95 aeY wGi fzGi f h yGJt xd rf ;t rS wf {nh f cH yGJusi f ;yjyKvk yf
cJhNyD; 20- 11- 95 aeYrSpwi f vkyfi ef;rsm; pwi faqmi f&GufcJhyg
onf / (84) Bud rf ajrmuf10 usyf wef xD pmt k yf rsm;ud ke, f t a&mi f ;
Electronic Display System udkt oHk;jyKzGi fhvSpfcJhojzi fh
pi f jri h f ay:wGi fxD ayguf *P ef ;eH ygwf oH jym;rsm; a&G;cs, f ay;&onf h
0efxrf;wpfOD;ESi fha&G;cs, fay;onfhoHjym;rsm; csdwfqGJay;&onfh
0efxrf;wpfOD;wkdYrvkdt yfawmhay/ xDzGi hfrnhfuav;rsm;udk
pnfrsm;vSnhf&ef?a*:vDrsm;EIduf&efTefMum;rnfhpi fjri hfwm0efcH
wpf OD ;wnf ;omvd k t yf ygawmh onf /
ausmi f ;om;ausmi f ;ol uav;rsm;u t u &m?eH ygwf ES i f hqk rJ
eHygwfwkdYudkowfrSwfa&;xnhfxm;onfhChips uav;rsm;
xnhfoGi f;xm;aoma*:vDvHk;uav;rsm;udkpnfxJrSEIdufxkwfNyD;
pnft oD;oD;\ ab;wGi fuyfvsuf&Sdonfhwkdi fxdyfay:&Sdt vkd
t avsmuft csuf t vuf zwf puf(Automatic Data Reader)
xnhfoGi f;xm;onfhuvyfuav;rsm;ay:okdYt wnfhwi fvkduf
onf ES i f h wpf NyKd i f eufElectronic Display Board \ rS ef om;jyi f wG i f
ayguf *P ef ; ay:xG uf vmygonf / a*:vD vH k ;rsm;t wG i f ;at muf buf
rSt aygufazmuf xnhfoGi f;xm;aomChips uav;rsm;wGi f
a&;xnhfxm;onfht csuft vufrsm;udka*:vDwi faomuvyf
uav;rsm;t wGi f;&Sdt vkdt avsmuft csuft vufzwfpuf
(Automatic Data Reader) uzwf vsufuGef ysLwmok d Y yk d Y aqmi f
ygonf/ uGefysLwmrSwpfqi hfi f;ESi fhqufoG, fxm;aomvQyfppf
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onf uaysmuf jzpf aeNyD jzpf ojzi h fe*d k rl vyk vJoG, f \ t vS uk dpH rrD
Ekdi fawmhygacs/ t vSpHrDapvdkvQi fysufonfwdkYudkaumi f;at mi f
,~,
,~
at mifbmavxDordkif;
jyKvsuf aysmufonfwdkYukdjyefvnf&SmazG&rnfjzpfygonf/
xkdYaMumi hfat mi fbmavxDorkdi f;ESi hfywfoufonfht aMumi f;
t &mt csuft vufwkdYukdqufvuf&SmazGpkaqmi f;&ygOD;rnf/
aysmuf qH k ;aeaomt csuf t vuft aMumi f ;t &mwk d Y onfjref rm
Ekdi fi Hxufat mufeHvsm;&Sdjynfolt rsm;vuf0, fwGi f&SdaeEkdi fyg
ao;onf/xkdYaMumi hfjynfolvlxkxHpme, fZi f;rsm;rSwpfqi hf
arwm&yfcH orkdi f;t axmuft xm;rsm; pkaqmi f;oi hfonf[ k
, lqygonf/ pkaqmi f;&&Sdrnfht csuft vufwkdYudkvnf; okaw
oejyKvk yf Mu&OD ;rnfjzpf ygonf /
at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJonfrdrdavQmufvSrf;&mvrf;
aMumi f; rnfrQyi fMurf;wrf;cufxefaom?t cuft cJt wm;
t qD;rsm;udkawGU&Sd&ygap (jrefrmEkdi fi HvGwfvyfa&; &&SdNyD;csdefrSp
, aeY t xd ) rnf ok d Y aomt aMumi f ;aMumi h f rQxD zG i h f yG J uk d&yf qk d i f ;xm;
&onf[ l r&Sdap&bJt BudrfpOfrysufzGi hfvSpfvsufESpfpOft cGef
vsmxm;csufjynfhrDausmfvGefat mi faumufcHum?rdrd\ ordki f;
rSwfwdki fopfrsm;ukdpkdufxlaeOD;rnfjzpfygaMumi f; wi fjyvsuf
ed *H k ;csKyf t yf ygonf /
a. . ..:f
...:..
1/ Muef?a' :(1978)?]jrefrmEdki fi Ht ajct ae 1885- 86 }/
&ef uk ef ?Ed k i f i H ord k i f ;ok awoeOD ;pD ;Xme?256 pmrsuf ES m/
2/ Muef?r(2005?pufwi fbm)?]ukdvkdeDacwfOD; aus;&Gm
t k yf csKyf a&; (1886- 97)}/ &ef uk ef ?jref rmh &wempmay?249
pmrsuf ES m/
3/ ci fci fav;?' *kef(2007?rwf)?]&wemyHk\ ed' gef;ESi hfed*Hk;
(' k wd , yk d i f ;) (yxrt Bud rf )}/ &ef uk ef ?311 pmrsuf ES m/
4/ ci f ri f ("Ek jzL)?armi f (1990)?]jref rmpum;jref rmpmk yf yH k vT m}/
&ef uk ef ?pmayAd rmef ?163 pmrsuf ES m/
5/ csrf ;jr?OD ;(1977)?]t csKyf wef ;q&maz}/ &ef uk ef ?pmayAd rmef ?
98 pmrsuf ES m/
6/ ndKjr(1997?pufwi fbm)?]ukef;abmi f&SmyHkawmf(pwkw
t Bud rf )}/ &ef uk ef ? jr0wD pmaywk d uf ? 526 pmrsuf ES m/
,~'
,~
at mifbmavxDordkif;
7/ wkdYArmt pnf;t Hk;ordki f;jyKpka&;t zGJU(1976)?]wkdYArm
t pnf ;t H k ;ork d i f ;?yxrwGJ(yxrES d yf jci f ;)}/ &ef uk ef ?pmay
Ad rmef ?330 pmrsuf ES m/
8/ wd u "r mvuF m&?OD ; (1969)?]jref rm&uf pG J ork d if ; (uk ef ;abmif quf )}
rE av;?Armh acwf pmay?952 pmrsuf ES m/ a' guf wmoef ;xG ef ;
ul nD jyKpk onf /
9/ wk d uf pd k ;(1998?ar)]ri f ;wk ef ;ri f ; (' k wd , t Bud rf )}/ &ef uk ef ?
&mjynf h pmt k yf wk d uf ?152 pmrsuf ES m/
10/ wi f (2)?OD ;(1963)?]jref rmri f ;t k yf csKyf yH k pmwrf ;ES i h f bk d ;awmf
bk &m;BuD ;\ &mZowfac: t rd ef Y awmf wrf ;BuD ; (yxryd k i f ;)}/
&ef uk ef ?249 pmrsuf ES m/
11/ wi f (2)?OD ;(1983)?] jref rmri f ;t k yf csKyf yH k pmwrf ;ES i h f bk d ;awmf
bk&m;\ &mZowfac: t rdefYawmfwrf;BuD; (y rykdi f;)}/
12/ wi f 0i f ;(ynma&;wu ok d vf )?r?a' guf wm(2001?' D Zi f bm)?
]ukef;abmi fudkqef (yxrt Budrf)}/ &efukef?yg&rD pmay?
506 pmrsuf ES m/
13/ wi h f at mi f ?Ak d vf uav;(1996)?]yef ;0uF ygjyZmwf }/ &ef uk ef ?
vS aX;pmay?207 pmrsuf ES m/
14/ xG ef ;at mi f ausmf (1995)?]jref rmEk d i f i H ajrcG ef ord k i f ;}/ &ef uk ef ?
pmayAd rmef ?209 pmrsuf ES m/
15/ Ek?OD;?obi f0ef(1967)?]jrefrmobi favmu}/ &efukef?
16/ ewf&Si f?' *kef(1974)?]' *kefewf&Si f\ b0c&D;pOf}/ &efukef?
17/ ewf &S i f ?' *k ef (1976)?]&wemyH k rf ed ' gef ;}/ &ef uk ef ?pmayAd rmef ?
98 pmrsuf ES m/
18/ jynf xJ a&;0ef BuD ;Xme(1956)?]H k ;oH k ;a0g[ m&rsm;}/ &ef uk ef ?
200 pmrsuf ES m/
19/ b&i f?OD;?[ Hom0wD(1959)?]jrefrmpmt ajcjyusrf;}/
&ef uk ef ?yi f ;, pmaywk d uf ?130 pmrsuf ES m/
20/ ]bmomaqmi f;yg;rsm;a&G;cs, fcsufESi hfykdYcscsuf?t a0;oi f
wu ok d vf yxrES pfjref rmpmt xl ;jyK(r- 111c)}/ (2001?
Zl vd k i f )?&ef uk ef /
21/ ri f;Ekdi f?OD;(1997?Zlvkdki f)?]ESpfwpf&mjyu' def1900- 2000
1261-1362(wwd , t Bud rf )}/ &ef uk ef ?t ok d i f ;t 0k d i f ;pmay/
22/ armi f armi f wi f (1)?OD ; K.S.M., A.T.M.(2004?puf wi f bm)?
]uk ef ;abmi f quf r[ m&mZ0i f awmf BuD ; (' k wd , wG J )}/ &ef uk ef ?
470 pmrsuf ES m/
23/ armi f armi f wi f (1)?OD ; K.S.M, A.T.M. (2004?at muf wd k bm)?
]ukef;abmi fqufr[ m&mZ0i fawmfBuD; (wwd, wGJ)}/
&ef uk ef ? 560 pmrsuf ES m/
usrf;udk;pm&if; ,~ ,~
at mifbmavxDordkif;
24/ jri h f xG ef ;?ok awoD(1996?at muf wd k bm)?]a&T wd *H k uk ef ;awmf
rS t H h Mobeef ;jzpf &yf qef ;rsm;}/ &ef uk ef ? wuf vrf ;pmay?139
pmrsuf ES m/
25/ rd I i f ;?oci f ud k , f awmf(1967)?]q&mBuD ;oci f uk d , f awmf rI d i f ;
wi f pm;ajymMum;cJ h onf h yH k jyi f rsm;ôci f baomi f ;}/ &ef uk ef ?
0i f ;armf OD ;pmay?188 pmrsuf ES m/
26/ jrefrmpmt zGJU(1988?rwf)?]jrefrmo' g?t wGJ(3)}/ &efukef?
117 pmrsuf ES m/
27/ jrefrmpmt zGGJU(1991?pufwi fbm)?]jrefrmt bd"mef(yxr
ES d yf jci f ;)}/ &ef uk ef ? 454 pmrsuf ES m/
28/ jref rmpmt zGJU (1993?at muf wd k bm)?]jref rmpmjref rmpum;
(wwd , Ed S yf jci f ;)}/ &ef uk ef ?108 pmrsuf ES m/
29/ jrefrmpmt zGJU(1998)?]jrefrm- t *Fvdyft bd"mef(y r
t Bud rf ES d yf jci f ;)}/ &ef uk ef ? 635 pmrsuf ES m/
30/ jrefrmpmt zGJU(2001)?]t *Fvdyf- jrefrmt bd"mef(yxr
t Bud rf yH k ES d yf jci f ;)}/ &ef uk ef ?1622 pmrsuf ES m/
31/ jrefrmEkdi fi Hbmomjyefpmayt oi f;(1971)?]jrefrmhpG, fpHk
usrf ; t wGJ- 5(wwd , ES d yf jci f ;)}/ &ef uk ef ?pmayAd rmef ?532
pmrsuf ES m/
32/ ]jref rmh pG , f pH k usrf ;ES pf csKyf 2000}/
(2000 jynf h ES pf )? &ef uk ef ? pmayAd rmef ?320 pmrsuf ES m/
33/ av;Nrd Ki f (1998?' D Zi f bm)?]avmuaMu;rH k(' k wd , t Bud rf )}/
&ef uk ef ?ES vH k ;vS pmay?266 pmrsuf ES m/
34/ oufaz?OD; (2000?rwf)?]jypfrIqdki f&mOya' \ odaumi f;
p&mrsm; (pwk w t Bud rf )}/ &ef uk ef ?ppf onf awmf pmay?1007
pmrsuf ES m/
35/ [ kwfpdef?OD; (1954)?]y' wr LomygVd- jrefrmt bd"mef
(yxrydki f;)}/ &efukef?jynfaxmi fpkjrefrmEdki fi Hawmft pdk;&?
pmyH k ES d yf a&;ES i f h pma&;ud &d , mXme?1180 pmrsuf ES m/
36/ t ajccH ynmoi f k d ;T ef ;wrf ;?oi f k d ;rmwd umES i h fausmi f ;oH k ;
pmt k yf aumf rwD(2003?Mo*k wf )?]' orwef ; jref rmh ord k i f ;}/
37/ t ajccH ynmoi f k d ;T ef ;wrf ;?oi f k d ;rmwd umES i h fausmi f ;oH k ;
pmt k yf aumf rwD(2004?' D Zi f bm)?]t |rwef ; jref rmh ord k i f ;}/
38/ t rm?a' :?vl xk (1997?Mo*k wf )?]t arh a&S ;pum;}/ &ef uk ef ?
wuf vrf ;pmay?158 pmrsuf ES m/
39/ t dZkrd, wwfpka&m(1981?azazmf0g&D)?]uRefawmfyg0i fcJh
aomrDemrDuDuef; (yxrt BudrfESdyfjci f;)}/ &efukef?orkdi f;
ok awoepmpOf ?204 pmrsuf ES m/
1967 u*syef bmomjzi h f a&;om;xk wf a0cJh onf h]pd k ;Ek d ;emh 0
rD emrD uD uef ; (t rnf u rD emrD uD uef ;)}uk d&ef uk ef ?0d Z mES i h f
usrf;udk;pm&if; ,.~ ,..
at mifbmavxDordkif;
od y H wu ok d vf ?ork d i f ;XmerS vuf axmuf uxd u a' :ci f &D u
jref rmbmomod k Y jyef qk d cJ h onf /
40/ at mi fci fOD;?wuokdvf(1967?' DZi fbm)?]jrefrmhEkdi fi Ha&;
abm*aA' ork d i f ; (yxrt Bud rf )}/ &ef uk ef ?at mi f ajrpmay?
397 pmrsuf ES m/
41/ at mi f bmavod ef ;qk XmecG J (1985)?]at mi f bmavod ef ;qk
XmecGJ\ vk yf i ef ;t usOf ;csKyf ES i h fpm&i f ;Z, m;rsm;}/
42/ at mi fbmavodef;qkXmecGJ?]vkyfi ef;aqmi f&GufrIESpfcsKyf
t pD &i f cH pmrsm;}/
43/ at mi fbmavodef;qkOya' a&;qGJa&;t zGJU(1955)?
]at mi f bmavod ef ;qkOya' a&;qG J a&;t zG J U \ t pD &i f cH pm}/
..s.:.
1/ ]jynf axmi f pk jref rmEd k i f i H \ &mZowf BuD ; (1861 ck ES pf ?arv 1
&uf )}?(1982)/
2/ ]1899 ck ES pf ?jref rmEd k i f i H awmfavmi f ;wrf ;upm;rI t uf Oya' /
1899 ck ES pf ?jref rmEd k i f i H awmft uf Oya' eH ygwf1 /}?(1961)/
3/ ]avmi f;upm;Oya' 1986 ckESpf?jynfolUvTwfawmfOya'
t rS wf6 }?(1986)/
a. .:.:.
1/ ]aMu;rH k }owi f ;pm?(22- 9- 2005)?(1) apmi f/
2/ ]uG ef jrLepf aeY pOf }owi f ;pmrsm;?(19-10-47)?(19-12-47)?
(19- 2- 48)?(21- 2- 48)?(25- 2- 48)?(5) apmi f /
3/ ]jref rmh t vi f ;}owi f ;pmrsm;?(14-9-38)?(11-10-38)?
(14-10-38)?(17-10-38)?(24-10-30)?(29-2-44)?
(1- 3- 44)?(8- 3- 44)?(30- 3- 44)?(14- 10- 44)?
(20-10-44)?(27-10-44)?(22-11-96)?(4-12-96)?
(10-12-96)?(22-12-96)?(22-9-2005)?(17) apmi f/
4/ ]a&T jynf awmf }owi f ;pm?(30- 10- 41)?(1) apmi f/
5/ ]vkyfom;jynfolUaeYpOf}owi f;pmrsm;?(3- 12- 88)?
(9-1-89)?(31-1-89)?(1-2-89)?(5-2-89)?(7-2-89)?
(11- 2- 89)?(4- 4- 89)?(9- 4- 89)?(10- 4- 89)?
(1- 2- 90)?(13- 3- 91)?(15- 3- 91)?(4- 4- 91)?
(12- 4- 91)?(31- 5- 91)?(16) apmi f/
6/ ]ol &d , }owi f ;pmrsm;?(9-5-38)?(30-5-38)?(2-6-38)?
(11-10-38)?(12-10-38)?(13-10-38)?(14-10-30)?
(15- 10- 38)?(31- 10- 38)?(9) apmi f/
.a:....
1/ wi fEdki fwdk; (14- 6- 07 aeYxkwf The Current Times
owi f ;*sme, f ) rxi f r&S m;ae&mrSord k i f ;bD ;ud k vS nf h ol rsm;
]oD aygri f ;vuf xuf u xD H k awmf }/
usrf;udk;pm&if; ,. ,.,
at mifbmavxDordkif;
.:.a_ z.:z..:.
1. "Burma During The Japanese Occupation, Volume II"
(1944). Simla, Government of India Press, Pp 258.
2. "Burma Law Reports (Chief Court)" (1963). The
Union Of Burma, V. M.E. Joseph. 1963 B.L.R. (C.C)
391.
3. "Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol.14" (1967).
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Pp 1139.
4. Furnivall, J .S., I.C.S. (Retd.) (1957). "An Introduc-
tion To The Political Economy Of Burma". Rangoon,
People's Literature Committee & House, pp 255.
5. Hornby, A.S.(1989). "Oxford Advanced Learner's
Dictionary (Fourth Edition)". Oxford University Press,
Walton St., Oxford, Pp 1576.
6. James, Simon (1998). "A Dictionary of Taxation".
United Kingdom, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited,
Pp 161.
7. PEARN, B.R.(1939) "A History Of Rangoon".
Rangoon, American Baptist Mission Press, Pp 320.
8. Stewart, A.T.Q. (1972). "The Pagoda War: Lord
Dufferin and the fall of the kingdom of Ava 1885-6".
London: Faber and Faber Ltd., 3 Queen Square, Pp 223.
9. "The Encyclopedia Americana Vol.XVII" (1951). New
York, U.S.A.. Americana Corporation, Pp 752.
10. "The Lower Burma Land And Revenue Manual"
(1938). Rangoon, Supdt., Govt. Printing and Statio-
nery, BURMA, Pp 341.
11. "The Upper Burma Land And Revenue Manual"
(1939). Rangoon, Supdt., Govt. Printing and Statio-
nery, Burma, Pp 320.

usrf;udk;pm&if; ,., ,.

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