Experim ent

An Overview of Anatomy

An Overview Anatomy
Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0001-00-01

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Lab Report Assistant

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

Obser vations
What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken.

Exercise 1: Anatomical Position

Question
A. Explain why it is important to have a universally accepted anatomical position when studying the structure of humans.
In order to minimize any error or confusion, directional terminology begins with a certain assumption about the position of the body under consideration.

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An Overview of Anatomy

Exercise 2: Surface Anatomy

A. Review Figure 3. Complete the table by placing each letter from the figure next to its corresponding body landmark. Figure 1: Anatomical landmar Body Letter Landmark 1. Sural K 2. Popliteal D 3. Tarsal E 4. Calcaneal L 5. Brachial F 6. Cranial A 7. Acromial H 8. Buccal B 9. Axillary C 10. Olecranal I 11. Occipital G 12. Lumbar J

B. Mr. Shmelgenbelcher has had a rough day. He woke up with a pain in his cervical region. He fell off his bike and bruised his crural region. He pulled a muscle in his inguinal region and was whacked by a revolving door in his scapular region. Describe where each of these areas of the body is located on poor Mr. Shmelgenbelcher.
Cervical- Neck Crural- Front of lower leg Inguinal- Groin Scapular- Shoulder blade

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An Overview of Anatomy

Exercise 3: Body Orientation

A. Use the directional terms to fill in the blanks. a. The nose is medial to the ears. to the to the to the to the ribs.

b. The elbow is distal shoulder and proximal wrist. c. The heart is ventral spine. d. The stomach is inferior

e. The pinky finger is medial to the thumb. f. Muscles are superficial to the skeleton. g. The mouth is medial and inferior to the ears. h. The brain is cephalic to the spinal cord.

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An Overview of Anatomy

Exercise 4: Body Planes and Sections

In the space below, draw the cut sections of your potato for each of the three body planes:

Question
A. Which of the following organs would not be visible if you cut the body in a mid-sagittal section? Explain below. a. The brain

b. The stomach c. The heart

d. The kidneys Explai n. D. The kidneys. The kidneys are too far lateral from a mid-sagittal cut to be seen.

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Questions

An Overview of Anatomy

Exercise 5: Body Cavities

A. What organs are found in the pelvic cavity?
Rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, reproductive organs.

B. If the doctor presses on the right hypochondriac region, what organ is the doctor likely pressing on?
Either the liver or the gallbladder.

C. Describe what is found in the dorsal body cavity.

Cranial cavity, vertebral canal, meninges.

D. What two body cavities may be invaded by a brain tumor?

Cranial and Dorsal.

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Questions

An Overview of Anatomy

Exercise 6: Organ Systems

A. Complete the following table by filling in the missing system name, major organs, or functions.
Organ System Major Organs Functio

1. Respiratory System 2. Reproductive

Testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

ns Absorption of oxygen, discharge Nasal passages, pharynx, of carbon dioxide, acid-base larynx, trachea, lungs balance, speech Provides cells to perpetuate the species.

3. vessels, thymus, spleen, Lymphatic/Immunity

tonsils

Lymph nodes, lymphatic

4. Endocrine

Pituitary, thymus, thyroid, adrenal glands, testes, ovaries Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra

Recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease Hormone production, internal chemical communication & coordination Breaks down food into molecules for absorption into the blood. Removes undigested wastes. Elimination of waste, regulation of blood volume & pressure, control of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base Support, movement, blood balance, detox
formation, protective enclosure of viscera

5. Digestive

6.

Urinary

7. Skeletal 8. Circulatory 9. Nervous

Bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and joints Heart, blood vessels

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, coordination, motor control & ganglia Epidermal and dermal regions; contains cutaneous sense organs Skeletal muscles

Transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste from the cells through the blood. Rapid internal communication,

10. Integumentary 11. Muscular

sensation Protection, water retention, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication

Contracts and shortens to provide movement. Generates heat for the body.

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An Overview of Anatomy

B. Describe how cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems are related to each other.
simpler of tissue, Form and function complement each other; physiology cannot be divorced from anatomy. Human structure can be viewed as a series of levels of complexity. Each level is composed of a smaller number of subunits than the level above it. For example, all the bodys organs are made of just four primary classes and the thousands of proteins are made of various combinations of just 20 amino acids.

C. A jogger steps into a pothole and sprains his ankle. Describe all of the organ systems that would be affected or involved in this injury. As a hint, think about the symptoms of a sprain and what system would be involved with each symptom.
Skeletal, muscular, nervous, integumentary

Conclusion
You have reviewed many terms in this experiment. Describe some strategies that may be used to help retain this information. *Flashcards for directional terms and for systems. * Use blank diagrams from lab manual to match terms to body parts

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