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Joints and Body MoveMents

Joints and Movements

L ab

Body
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Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0014-00-01

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

RepoRt

Purpo se:
What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken.

exeRcise 1: Questions
A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium.
the birth At birth, flat plates join together by sutures. These sutures are what allow the skull to pass through canal and allow brain growth. They end up fusing together to form an adult skull.

B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints?

They allow virtually no movement. They are rigid and immovable like joints in the skull.

exeRcise 2: Questions
A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important?
It allows the bones connects to actually move. It provides stability, cushioning and weight bearing.

B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar?

They may be immovable or slightly movable.

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exeRcise 3: Questions
A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Synarthrosis B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthroses are synovial joints where two bones are bound together by a joint capsule, forming a joint cavity. Synovial fluid is found in synovial joints. C. Which synovial joint is most movable?
Diarthrosis

D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share?
1. 2. 3. 4. Two-layered articular capsule Synovial membrane Hyaline cartilage Bursae

exeRcise 4: Questions
A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why?
The hip rotation was the most difficult because of the limited range of motion.

B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury?
result in injury. Because they can only move in two directions if force is applied from another direction, it will

C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed?
They retract as this happens.

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D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip?
The hip joint is much deeper than the shoulder joint. The hip joint was meant to be stable for its bearing function, while the shoulder joint was meant for motility.

weight

exeRcise 5: obseRvations
Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints.

exeRcise 5: Questions
A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle?
The corresponding muscle will shrink because of the decreased tendon activity.

B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons?

They have a limited blood supply.

C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments.

Tendons have Both are made out of dense connective tissue. Both provide stabilization for synovial joints. better blood supply than ligaments.

D. What is the function of fascia?

It holds skin to muscle.

E. What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles?
The loss of cartilage will make any movement with that joint stiff and painful.

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Conclusions

Joints and Body MoveMents

Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other. Why is this relationship important to the understanding of the skeletal and muscular systems? The muscles are what help the bones move and function properly, while the skin provides both protection. Without one of these aspects, we would not properly function.

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