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Principles of Management (Prinsip Pengurusan)- POLC The principles of management can be categorized into the four major functions of Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. This framework, or categorization, is referenced frequently throughout the textbook for Principles of Management that we are using in this course, and this resource is a quick overview of the concept.

Planning (Merancang) Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. Managers need to be able to engage in a variety of different types of planning activities, including: - Strategic Planning (vision and mission, SWOT analysis, long term) - Tactical Planning (intermediate range, strategic) - Operational Planning (short range goals, specific action steps that support the tactical and strategic plans) Organizing (Mengorganisasi) This is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and human resource allocation. Sometimes this will involve job design. Other times it will be about assigning tasks, creating teams and providing job enrichment or empowerment. Leading (Memimpin) Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others. Leadership involves decision making, effective communication, and the ability to motivate individuals as well as groups or teams. Controlling (Mengawal) Control ensures that performance does not deviate from standards. Controlling consists of three steps, which include: - Establishing performance standards - Comparing actual performance against standards - Corrective action when necessary Controlling is critical in ensuring that the plans of a manager or organization will be realized.