X-MET5000 and 5100 User Manual Rev110 October 2009

X-MET5000 / XMET X-MET5100 MET Users Guide
Part number 51021135102113-4VE Rev. 1.10 1.10October 2009
The Business of ScienceTM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Safety Information Flow diagram Screen menus pullpull-out Description of the XX-MET Description and use of safety interlocks Section 1 Section 2
Section
Page number
i iii v S1 1 6 S2 1- 3
Getting Started X-MET program features, Main Analysis menu Method Types Instrument settings (i) Fundamental Parameter method type Instrument settings (ii) Identification method type Instrument settings (iii) Empirical assay method type BenchBench-top operation Sample Preparation Radiation Safety Information Troubleshooting
Section 3 Section 4
S3 1 6 S4 1- 12
Section 5 Section 6
S5 1- 3 S6 1 11
Section 7
S7 1 4
Section 8
S8 1 7
Section 9 Section 10 Section 11 Section 12
S9 1 2 S10 1 6 S11 1-14 S12 1- 3
Safety -i
Safety Information
All users of this equipment must read and understand the Safety Information (Section 11) before using the equipment.The XX-MET generates XX-ray radiation when it is operating. The XX-MET is classified as a portable handhand-held openopen-beam xx-ray tube based analytical xx-ray device, and as such Canadian Federal Regulations (Radiation Emitting Device Act) requires that all Canadian users must be certified in accordance with NRC Adopted Standard ISO 20807. For user certification: contact, Natural Resources Canada, Manager Nondestructive Testing 943-0583; FAX: (613) 943 Certification, CANMET 586 Booth St. Ottawa, ON, K1A 0G1; Telephone: (613) 943 -8297. Users are advised to contact their appropriate Federal/Provincial/Territorial radiation protection agency for applicable rules of operation. The Oxford Instruments XX-MET5000 and XX-MET5100 are only to be used by people who have been trained in the correct and safe use of the instruments. Oxford Instruments takes no responsibility for any damage or injury that may result from the misuse, abuse or use by untrained personnel of this X-MET user Manual. instrument. The safe use of the instrument is detailed in Section 11 of the X
CAUTION: This instrument produces XX-rays when energised.

The X-MET generates X-ray radiation when it is operating. Three LEDs, one on the rear and one on each side of the analyzer, indicate that the X-rays are on. The safety of the X-MET has been verified by radiation safety authorities. As long as there is no physical damage to the instrument, there is no danger of exposure to radiation above permissible levels when the instrument is used according to the instructions. It is important that the distributor and user of the X-MET understand both the correct operation as well as the safety measures that are engineered into the analyzer to prevent incorrect operation.
CAUTION: Corrosion of Beryllium

A beryllium window is used in the radiation detector inside the probe. Corrosion of beryllium may occur if it is exposed to moisture, particularly when ions such as chlorine, sulphates, copper or iron are present. Corrosion may damage the detector component. In case of suspected corrosion, store the instrument in a safe place and contact the nearest OIA representative for further instructions. The instrument should not be used or stored in high humidity areas or in circumstances where atmospheric condensation may occur.
CAUTION: Beryllium toxicity

Beryllium and its compounds are considered to be toxic. Overexposure is usually caused by inhalation of a) airborne particulates resulting from grinding beryllium metal or its compounds, or b) welding fumes containing beryllium. Beryllium in its solid form, as it is used in the detector window, poses no health hazard. Note: The beryllium window is very thin and thus mechanically weak. Do not grind or machine beryllium window. Removal of corrosion products from this window should be done only by authorized personnel.
Safety -ii
Warning symbols used in this manual

IMPORTANT INFORMATION in this manual Information easily overlookedplease read carefully.
CAUTION This instrument produces X-rays when energized. Do not point the analyzer at any person when it is in operation. Be aware of the direction of the X-ray beam when the red light is ON and avoid placing any part of your body (especially the eyes and hands) near the front of the analyzer to adjust the instrument or sample during measurement.
Using the X-MET5000/5100 : MET

Insert fully charged battery into handle S3 Power on XX-MET and PDA S3
Flow Diagram
S6 FP Methods Settings Advanced setup features S7 Identification Methods S8 Empirical Assay Methods
Warm up tube and detector
Enter password Display Spectra Graphical format display S4 Main Menu S4 Write to log file? Yes/No Write Spectra? Yes/No XRF Line display Zoom features
Name Sample Enter sample name S4
Select Method Select operation mode S5
Output Settings Define LOG file for saving data S4
Position Sample Result Format Modify result presentation S4
Select own format None Select default S = Section in Users Manual Oxford Instruments Analytical 2008
Make a measurement
Data Output Flow diagram page iii
Main Menu
Keyboard entry Zoom Out Zoom on Y-axis Zoom In Fit to window XRF Line Display Select Method Method list Name Sample Display spectra
Screen Menus
Add Sample Delete Sample Change Name Average Mode YES/no Reference Maintenance (ID) Recalculation Method (ID) Single Point Recalibration (EA) Check Sample Measurement (EA) Analyte Correction (EA) Change Offset Set Concentration Reset Set Screening Method
Settings Set Color
Method Parameters (ID, EA)
Set Possible Match Limit (ID) Set Good Match Limit (ID)
Set Log File Set Log Filename Set Spectra directory Set Average file
Output Settings Method Type Parameters Confirm No Match YES/no (ID) Confirm Possible Match YES/no (ID) Difference Screening Path YES/no (ID) Difference display YES/no (ID) STD Display YES/no (FP, EA) Concentration %/ppm (FP) Display Grade ID YES/no (FP, EA) Add Element Delete Element Change Element Name Change Element Value Result Format
File List
Select None Modify New
Screen Settings
Font Size Scrollbar Size Invisible Elements (FP) Set Invisible Element Display YES/no Correction (YES/no) Normal User Supervisor Grade Expansion Coefficient (FP, EA) Keyboard Entry
User Setup
Keyboard entry
Set Measurement Time
Service Change Password
X-MET Analyzer Operating Software Version: 3.0
Grade Table Editor (FP, EA) Test Measurement Current/Voltage pair Distance Scaling YES/no (EA) Display Spectral ID YES/no (EA) Languages Configuration Calibration Energy Calibration
Select Matrix Element
Add Remove Edit Upper/Lower Limit New element
Screen Menu Pull out
page v
Timed Assay YES/no Configuration Backup
Description of the X-MET
S1 - 1
Description of the XX-MET

The X-MET5000 and X-MET5100 (Figure 1) are hand-held elemental analyzers MET MET intended for various different applications. Example applications include; metal alloy analysis, soil and mining analysis, and electronic industry applications. The X-MET5000 series analyzers are based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence MET technology and uses an X-ray tube as the source of excitation. The standard target material is Rhodium. The analyzer contains either a high resolution Penta-PIN diode detector with Peltier cooling (X X-MET5000) or Silicon Drift Detector, SDD (X X-MET5100). MET MET The X-MET provides a method for chemical analysis or sample identification (sorting) directly from samples in various forms. The instrument is a fully portable analyzer with an integrated PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) computer. Within the X-MET analysis program, the user may select analytical modes, view spectra and save data.
Figure 1
The analyzer is battery operated with A/C operation as an option. In some cases, it may be more convenient to use the X-MET in a stationary bench top configuration (Figure 2) in the optional stand provided (refer to Section 9, Bench-top operation). Note that for bench top operation, the instrument can be used with battery or A/C (line voltage) power.
Figure 2
X-MET5000/5100 Users Manual MET
Part number 5102113-4VE
S1 -2
X-MET components
Principle parts
Analyzer
Battery (x2)
PDA computer
Stylus
Battery charger
Charger cable
Analyzer case
Included accessories
PDA AC multimulti-adaptor
PDA AC adaptor plug
Kapton window film kit
Reference cap
Rain cover
S1 - 3
Continued; Included accessories
Users Manual (English)
Quick Start guide (12 languages)
Memory card reader
Optional accessories: Analyzer specific
Sample bags
Sample cups
Background plate
Sample cup film
Sample pressing tool
Application specific Check samples
PDAPDA-X-MET remote connection cable
Benchtop stand
Light Travel stand : includes small sample safety shield
S1 -4
Continued; Optional accessories: Analyzer specific
Pistol holder
Weld beam adapter
Flat Surface Adapter
Sample Bag Adapter
The Analyzer
There are two indicator lights on the rear of the analyzer: The green light is always on when the power is on.
Figure 3
The red light is on when X-rays are being generated (Figure 3).
Figure 4
The infrared safety proximity sensor on the instrument nose operates by detecting IR reflected from the sample surface. It is designed to prevent accidental X-ray activation while no sample is in place in front of the analyzer (Figure 4).
S1 - 5
The PDA Computer

The removable PDA computer in the X-MET includes the user interface for operating the instrument. The computer is installed in the cradle of the instrument. The display is a color touch screen, which can be operated either with a fingertip or the stylus provided. For further information about the computer refer to the HP iPAQ Pocket PC instruction guide. The guide can be found with the CD delivered with the instrument.
Power Supply
Battery power
The X-MET batteries are situated inside the handle. To remove the battery, push the switch (Figure 5) and pull to remove the battery (Figure 6). Each fully charged battery will operate the X-MET for approximately 4 to 7 hours depending on use. Empty battery should be re-charged within a one week to avoid battery to discharge completely.
Figure 5
Figure 6
Line (A/C) power

Line operation is possible by connecting the dedicated charger to the analyzer battery charger connector (in base of battery). The charger is a combination of a Li-Ion battery charger and a mains power supply. When the charger is powered on, it supplies voltage to the analyzer. Analyzer internal logic will detect this supply voltage and switch the battery off-line. The off-line battery can now be charged by the charger. Charger circuit is thus separated from supply circuit.
Stand alone battery charging

The battery can also be charged when removed from the analyzer. Remove battery from the handle and connect charger cable to battery cable connector. Charging fully depleted battery will take approximately 2 hours (See Section 3). Note: the PDA has its own internal battery. The PDA will be kept fully charged from both charger line (A/C) power and instrument main X-MET battery.
S1 -6
Environmental operating conditions for the XX-MET

Temperature
Analyzer Charger -10 to 50 C 0 to 40 C, operating - 20 to 70 C, non-operating
Humidity
Continuous operation at 20 to 95 % RH, non condensing. The charger is designed for indoor use only.
Weather proofing Shock resistance
With PDA rain cover installed instrument can be used in rainy and dusty environment (IP54 compatible). In transport and operation the instrument must not be dropped or left in exceptional conditions, which might damage its sensitive components. Analyzer (Charger): 100 240 V, 46 64Hz, 0.6A. PDA : 100 240 V, 50 60 Hz
Line Voltage
Hot Surface
The hot surface adapter (Figure 8) is a standard feature of the X-MET. MET It is designed for measurement at hot surfaces such as hot tubes or plates. The adapter lowers the heat conduction and radiation from the hot sample to the detector. This is necessary because the detector crystal has to be cooled and stabilized to maintain its analytical performance. However, the heat conduction can not be prevented completely, thus there are limitations on the measurement times. Table 1 illustrates the limitations surface temperatures with measurement and cooling times between measurements. Notice: Table 1 is not valid for X-MET5100 with thin 4um Prolene protective window! Max. sample temperature of this setup is lower than indicated in table 1.
Figure 8
Table 1
Sample Temperature
300 degrees C 400 degrees C 400 degrees C
Measurement time
15 seconds (max) 10 seconds (max) 5 seconds
Cooling time between measurements

10 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes
S2 -1
Description and use of safety interlocks

The X-MET has been designed with a failsafe safety circuit to prevent inadvertent exposure of the operator to the X-ray beam. The safety system for the instrument consists of: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Power button A green failsafe light A pin code An infrared proximity sensor A trigger Three Red failsafe Light Emitting diodes (LEDs). Count rate based safety circuit (Only in X-MET5100) MET
Green failsafe light

A power ON button is employed to control power to all components. This button must be pressed to the ON position (Figure 1).before any actions can be initialized. When the button is pressed ON a green light is activated (Figure 2) to indicate there is voltage to the power supply.
1 Press the power ON button (hold for 5 seconds then release).
Figure 1
2 A green light is activated.
Figure 2
If the bulb has failed or has been removed, the safety circuit will not allow the voltage to be applied. The analyzer will not power ON.
S2 -2 X-MET5000/5100 Users Manual MET Part number 5102113-4VE
Pin code
A pin code must be entered to allow access to the X-MET program (Figure 3).
3 Tap on the numbers on the screen in the correct order to enter a pin code.
Notice: Default password in Normal User mode is: 1111 Default password in Supervisor mode is: 0000 It is recommended that before taking the analyzer in use passwords should be changed to more complex one in Settings/User Level menu. Figure 3
Infrared beam sensor

An infrared beam sensor is located at the nose of the instrument (Figure 4). This sensor must be covered by the sample to allow X-rays to be generated (Figure 5). When the sensor is covered the green light changes to amber.
Location of infrared beam sensor. Special accessories are available to allow the safe operation of the analyzer in the bench top configuration. See Operation in bench top configuration.
Figure 4
4 Correct positioning of analyzer (Figure 5, field portable configuration) with the infrared beam sensor covered by the sample. Amber light visible on front of analyzer.
Figure 5 Notice: X-MET5100 is equipped with additional count rate safety circuit. This safety circuit works as an additional proximity sensor. If X-MET5100 wont detect signal from the sample, X-rays will be shut down, regardless of state of the other safety systems.
X-rays will not be generated unless a solid object (the sample) covers the infrared beam.
Operator trigger interlock / Red XX-ray on failsafe lights

When the trigger is pulled, X-rays are generated if the following conditions are met: 1. The instrument has been powered ON 2. A correct password has been entered 3. The program has been started 4. The infrared beam safety interlock is covered by a solid object (the sample) and the amber light is visible.
5 When the trigger is pulled and the infrared sensor is engaged, 6 the red failsafe lights will be activated (one on the rear and one on
each side of the analyzer) indicating the generation of X-rays. Figure 6 shows the red light on the rear of the analyzer. Figure 6
If one of the red LEDs fail, XX-rays will not be generated.
S3 -1 Getting Started
Getting Started
1 Charging the PDA computer internal battery
In normal operation there is no need to charge the PDA before starting the X-MET. MET However, if PDA battery is empty, it will shorten the duty cycle of the X-MET battery as this will charge the PDA battery. If the PDA battery charge level is empty (Figure 1) connect the analyzer to the X-MET dedicated charger or connect the PDA computer directly to an AC outlet (Figure 2) or use the supplied cradle (Figure 3). Refer to your PDA computer (iPAQ) users guide for specific instructions.
Figure 1
1. 2. 3.
Turn the X-MET analyzer off. Remove the PDA from the analyzer. Connect to an electrical outlet Using the PDA AC adapter (Figure 2) or the PDA cradle (Figure 3).
Figure 2
Figure 3
2 Charging the main batteries

Note: The battery charge level may be checked by pressing the TEST button on the side of the battery (Figure 4).
Press Test button to check battery charge level indicated by the battery fuel gauge. Figure 4 Five green LEDs represent a fully charged battery (Figure 5). Charge level No bars: Empty 1 bar: 20% 2 bars: 40% 3 bars: 60% 4 bars: 80% 5 bars: Fully charged Figure 5
Charging the main batteries continued
Charger output connector

The charger output connector supplies power to the analyser, charging current to the battery, and allows for a data link between the analyser and the RS232 connector. The dedicated FCC charger cable is supplied for these purposes. Do not use any other type of cable. Do not connect to any other device. Individual pin functions are as follows. Pin 1 2 3 4, 5 6, 7, 8 9, 10 Signal Name NTC TxD RxD +16V DC GND Function Battery pack NTC RS232 data RS232 data Power supply output GND Notes Not connected within the charger Connects to TxD of RS232 connector Connects to RxD of RS232 connector +16V 1A DC power supply to analyser Connects to pins 6, 7 and 8 of FCC connector and 0V return of power supply/charger Charge voltage between +12VDC and +17VDC. Max current 1.3A.
BATT+
Battery charging output
RS232 connector
The RS232 connector allows for a data link between the analyser and an external communications device via the charger cable. No other type of connection should be made via this connector. Individual pin functions are as follows.
Pin 1, 4, 7 2 3 5 7, 8 9
Signal Name LINKA TxD RxD GND LINKB Not connected
Function Link RS232 data RS232 data GND Link
Notes Pins 1, 4 and 7 are linked. Not connected elsewhere within the charger. Connects to TxD of Output connector Connects to RxD of Output connector Connects to pins 6, 7 and 8 of Output connector and 0V return of power supply/charger Pins 7 and 8 are linked. Not connected elsewhere within the charger.
Charging the main batteries continued

1. Connect dedicated charger cable to the battery cable connector. Open the rubber shield in the base of the battery to reveal the cable connector. (Figure 6). Figure 6a shows the charger connected to the battery. To initiate charging when battery is installed in X-MET, X-MET should be turned ON. Once the charging has initiated, X-MET can be shut down. Notice that empty batteries should be charged within one week to avoid complete discharge of the battery.
Figure 6
Figure 6a
2.
Connect the charger to the power outlet and check the LEDs on the charger (Figure 7).
The Power will be lit. The green LED Charger will blink slowly while the battery is charging. The green LED Charger will be on constantly when the battery is fully charged.
Charger LED Blinks slowly while battery is charging. LED is on constantly when battery is fully charged.
Power LED. LED Lit when charger connected to mains power supply.
Figure 7
Prepare the XX-MET for use 3 Inserting main battery into the instrument and installing the PDA computer
1. 2. 3. Insert main battery into the handle of the instrument. Remove stylus from PDA computer. If PDA is removed from the instrument, pull away the rubber surround (Figure 8) and slide the PDA computer snugly into the cradle on the instrument (Figure 9). Take care to seat the PDA correctly on the connector. Replace the rubber surround around the PDA. Connect charger if line power (mains) operation required.
4. 5.
Figure 8
Figure 9
4 Start the XX-MET

1. 2. 3. Press the X-MET Power ON button (Figure 10). The GREEN LED light indicates the instrument is powered on and that it is in standby mode. Press the Hotkey to power on the PDA and launch the X-MET program (Figure 11). Wait 1 minute for system to stabilize before starting the measurements.
Hotkey.
Press directional keys to scroll menu and X-MET results.
LED will glow Green when power is ON. LED will glow yellow when proximity sensor is activated.
Press iTASK key to visit PDA menu when operating X-MET X-MET Power ON/OFF button. Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
5. Tap Logon to progress to the password entry screen.
Enter the analysis program 5 Enter a pin code to begin analysis

1. 2. Enter your pin code when connection is established (Figure 13). Tap anywhere on the blank screen (Figure 14) to display all the menu items (Figure 15).
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Default password in Normal User mode is: 1111 Default password in Supervisor mode is: 0000 For security reasons it is recommended that before taking the analyzer in use passwords should be changed to more complex one in Settings/User Level menu.
6 Analyze first sample

The X-MET is usually delivered to the user fully calibrated. Therefore, it can be used for daily work without any preparation. Measurements are made by putting the nose of the analyzer on the sample (or the sample on the nose), and pressing the trigger on the analyzer. Be sure that the infrared sensor on the nose of the instrument is covered by the sample or the measurement will not start. The user mode icon background color (Figure 16) and the proximity sensor LED (see Figure 10) changes to yellow when the analyzer is correctly positioned. Keep the nose of the analyzer on the sample during the entire measurement. The analyzer should be held at right angles to the sample (Figure 17) to minimize radiation scatter. Incorrect positioning is shown in Figure 18.
Infrared proximity sensor ON . X-rays will be generated when trigger is pressed.
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
7 To turn off the XX-MET instrument

Press the X-MET power button for approximately 5 seconds. This will automatically turn off the X-MET and the PDA. Also EXIT from the X-MET user software on PDA will shut down both the X-MET software and the X-MET device. The X-MET software may be started from this position by selecting the PDA Start menu followed by tapping on the X-MET icon.
S4 -1 Main Analysis Menu
X-MET program features

A Typical screen
User Mode: Normal User indicated. Background turns yellow when proximity sensor is active.
Method name.
Screen Title.
Log file active: Results will be saved.
Screen Options.
Analyzer connected to Mains power. Battery Charge: Full charge indicated. Battery Charge: Low charge indicated.
Main Analysis menu

Description of the screen options
Name Sample Give a name to the sample to be measured.
Display Spectra View a graphical display (spectrum) of the latest measurement.
Select Method Select a method stored in the instrument memory.
Settings Method specific settings.
Output Settings Activate/deactivate the saving of data. Select how and where data is saved.
Result Format Modify how the measurement results are displayed on the PDA computer screen.
Name Sample
The user can give a name to the sample to be measured. If the result is saved, the name will be also saved. To name a measurement, tap Name Sample on the main menu (Figure 1). This brings you to the screen where you are prompted to input the name using the keyboard (Figure 2). If the name consists of a continuous string, a space and a number (for instance PIPE 5), the number is automatically increased after every measurement (PIPE 6, PIPE 7 etc.). After entering the sample name, a screen to enter additional information will be displayed (Figure 4). This additional information will be saved to a LOG file with the measured result if measurement data saving is enabled (see Output Settings). Note: You can only name a sample before it is measured. Entering a sample Name by tapping on the name box in the results screen will name the next sample. Note 2: The last 20 names are saved to a drop-down menu, so that the latest name is on top (Figure 3). Names can be selected from the list to make naming quicker. The selected name can be edited if necessary. Eg. if selected name is Flange, the user can add Flange a32. This saves time if user is often analyzing same type of samples.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Select Method
To select the desired method tap Select Method from the main screen (Figure 5). This will activate a screen where you will find all the methods stored in the instrument memory (Figure 6). The method name is shown. To select a method, highlight the method and tap Select Method.
Figure 5
Figure 6
There are three method types available. These are discussed in Method Types.
Empirical Assay. Identification. Fundamental Parameters (FP).

Output Settings
Data produced during analysis can be stored to the PDA. To activate saving of data select Output Settings on the main menu (Figure 7).
Results
To save results, click in the Log file name: check box so that a check mark appears (Figure 8). To specify the directory path and filename where the analysis results will be stored, select Set Log filename:. The Log file box check will also show the note pad icon on header (see S4 1).
Save As
Write desired filename to line Name. Select a folder from Folder drop-down menu (Figure 9). Select a location for the saved results from the Location drop-down menu (Figure 10).
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 8b
Figure 9
Figure 10
Spectra
To save spectra, click in the Spectra directory: check box (Figure 8 so that a check mark appears. To specify the directory where the spectra will be stored, select Set Spectra Directory
Save Averaging results

The software can calculate an average result of 250 measurements (See Instrument Settings Section 6 / Average Mode). To save results when using this mode, click in the Average File name check box (Figure 7) so that a check mark appears. To specify the filename select Set Average File:
Set Average File

Write desired filename to Average Name: (Figure 11 ) and click OK.
Figure 11
Refer to Instrument Settings Section 6 / Average Mode for more information about using Average Mode.
GPS log file In addition to standard result saving features X-MET can also save location data (figure 8b). X-MET can be paired with a Bluetooth equipped GPS receiver, and configured to automatically store latitude, longitude, and altitude coordinates along with the analysis data. GPS data is saved to normal LOG file and specific GPS files (*.gpx and *.kml) which can be easily imported to most common mapping programs. Please ask for separate GPS instruction guide from your local Oxford Instruments representative for step-by-step GPS pairing.
Display Spectra
The user can view the spectrum of the latest measurement by tapping Display Spectra (Figure 12). Figure 13 shows the screen used to plot spectral data. The data on the right side of the spectrum shows information relating to the Cursor position in the spectrum. Cursor Energy displays the energy value in keV. Channel is the cursors position in channels. Count gives the number of counts at the cursors position.
Figure 12
Figure 13
Display Spectra (continued)

Select Zoom In (Figure 14) to view any part of the spectrum in more detail (Figure 15). Once an area has been enlarged, a new area can be enlarged again. To restore to the previous scale select Zoom Out To zoom on the Y-axis (Figure 16) enable Zoom on Y-Axis. To restore to original settings select Fit to Window.
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Select XRF Line Display (Figure 17) to place markers on the spectrum identifying the a and b lines for the K and L series of the X-ray lines. To select an element, tap the element symbol (Figure 18 and tap Ok to view. The markers for the selected elements will be shown on the spectral display (Figure 19).
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Result Format
The result format feature is used to modify how the measurement results display on the PDA computer screen. The following variables may be modified:
Which elements are reported, and their order, Alarm limits, messages, and message colour, Units, Actions to take if alarm limits are recorded, Possibility to save an unlimited number of result formats.
Select Result Format (Figure 20) to access the menu for these features (Figure 21).
Result Format (continued)
Figure 20
Figure 21
Only Select and None options are available in Normal User Mode. You must be logged in at Supervisor or Service level to Modify an existing format file or to create a new one.
Select
The Select command will display the result format files which have been designed and are stored in either the PDA internal memory or in the Flash memory card (file extension *.rsc). Tap on a file name (Figure 22) to select it for use (Figure 23).
Figure 22
Figure 23
New
To design a new result format file, select New (Figure 24). The Result Screen Configuration page will open. 1 Set up the basic settings on this screen (Figure 25).
Figure 24
Figure 25
Result Format continued

2 Select Rename (Figure 26) to name the new result format using the on-screen keyboard (Figure 27). 3 Select Next (Figure 28) to continue the setup.
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28
4 Select which elements are displayed on the results screen by tapping either Element or Analyte (Figure 29). Tap on Element to choose elements from a list (Figure 30). Tap on Analyte to input the element using the on-screen keyboard (Figure 31).
Figure 29
Figure 30
Figure 31
5 Repeat step 4 to select all required elements. Chosen elements are displayed in a list (Figure 32). 6 Select an element and tap Move Up or Move Down to change its position in the list.
7 Tap Next then tap Quit and save to save the result format or tap Alarm (Figure 32) to define alarm limits for the highlighted element. Figure 32
Result Format continued Set Alarm limits

An alarm is a notification that a measured result falls outside a pre-defined limit. 8 Tap Set Low Alarm (Figure 33) to set the Low Alarm limit for the highlighted element. 9 Input alarm limit (Figure 34). Tap OK to set.
10 Input STD coefficient for alarm limit (Figure 35). This is typically a number between 0 and 5. Alarm limits are adjusted by the set coefficient multiplied by the standard deviation of the measurement.
Figure 33
Figure 34
Figure 35
Create Alarm message

Create a message to display alongside the measurement result when the limit condition is reached. The message can be set to display in a colour of your choice. 11 Enter text of message to display, tap OK (Figure 36). 12 Select a color for the message (Figure 37). Tap OK to save your choices. 13 Tap Set High Alarm (Figure 38) and repeat steps 8 through 12 to set the High Alarm for the highlighted element. Tap return to select another element. 14 Tap Alarm and repeat steps 8 through 13 to set alarm for new element. Tap Next (Figure 39) to save result format or to continue with setup.
Figure 36
Figure 37
Figure 38
Figure 39
Result Format continued Set up tests Create a test criteria based on the set alarm limits
15 Select New Test (Figure 40). 16 Enter the test name and select OK. 17 Select Edit Test (Figure 41) to define test criteria (Figure 42).
Figure 40
Figure 41
Figure 42
18 Select alarms to use for the test from the list (Figure 43). Select criterium AND or OR. AND = All selected alarms should be ON for test message to display. OR = Test message will display if any alarm is ON. 19 Tap Set Message (Figure 43) and enter the message using the on-screen keyboard (Figure 44). Select OK and choose a color for the message. Select OK. The message in its chosen color will display (Figure 45). 20 Tap No Match so that a check mark appears in the box (Figure 41) for this message to appear in a results display. 21 Once all tests are defined, tap Quit and save. The result format file is saved to the My Documents folder (PDA internal memory or SD storage card). This file must reside in My Documents for it to be seen by the X-MET software.
Figure 43
Figure 44
Figure 45
Example Result screen using a result format file
Method name. Selected results format file Final calculation method. Message for matched test.
Figure 46
Settings
The Settings menu options are method type specific. FP method type settings are described in Section 6, Instrument settings (i). Identification method type settings are described in Section 7, Instrument settings (ii). Empirical Assay method type settings are described in Section 8, Instrument settings (iii). The different method types are described in Section 5, Method types.
The measurement time can be set between 0 (zero) seconds and 9999 seconds. 1 Select Set Measurement Time (Figure 47, Main Menu). 2 Enter the required time using the keyboard (Figure 48). Tapping Del deletes the last character entry and tapping Clear empties the edit field.
Figure 47
Figure 48
If the set time is a positive integer (1 second or above) the time begins when the trigger is pressed and elapses until a chime is emitted from the analyzer. The measurement result is shown after the trigger is released. If the time is set to 0 (zero), the measurement time elapses until the trigger is released. The result is updated on the screen at approximately 2 (two) second intervals (Figure 49). The final result is calculated after releasing the trigger.
Recommended measurement times:
Alloy Identification: 110s Alloy Analysis: 120s depending on required precision Trace element measurement from plastics, soil and metals: Quick Screening in 1%-0.1% level: 10s 30s Figure 49 Trace element analysis in ppm level (0.001%-0.1%): 30s 180s
S5 -1 Method Types
Method types
X-MET calibration methods are customer and application specific and it is possible that analyzer does not have all the methods types listed below. Proper method is chosen from Select Method -menu (Figure 1) before starting the measurement. Some of the methods are visible only in Supervisor User level. In most applications Screening method (e.g. Alloy mode or RoHS mode) should be used. Screening Method (Alloy mode / RoHS mode etc.) Methods which are named as mode are screening methods. Screening method detects automatically the sample type and selects the correct Empirical or FP method to calculate analysis result. Empirical Methods (Copper, Titanium etc.) Empirical calibration method, which is specific for certain sample type or alloy group. Empirical calibration works properly only with the specific sample type it is calibrated. FP Methods (Alloy_fp, Plastic_fp etc) General standardless calibration method, which works for wide range of materials, like metal alloys or plastics.
Empirical Assay
Empirical Assay is an Assay & Grade method for measuring the elemental concentrations of unknown samples. An empirical assay method is a set of calibration curves and other parameters that calculate the concentration of a specific set of elements in an unknown sample. It is the result of a calibration procedure. The calibration procedure assay method is created using a set of standards which have assay values for the elements being analysed in the unknown samples. The standards have concentrations that vary from one another and span the range of concentrations expected in the unknown samples. Analysis of samples outside the calibration range can result in erroneous results. The X-MET software automatically checks to see if the analysis results are outside the calibration range. If this occurs, the results are displayed with an arrow next to the number. If the arrow is pointing to left, the result is below the calibration range. If it is pointing to the right, the result exceeds the range. In either instance, the results should be reviewed before accepting them. If the out of range indicator shows often for an analyte, it may be necessary to recalibrate the method for the new range of concentrations.
Select Method menu (Figure 1)
A typical empirical assay result (Figure 2)
Figure 1
Figure 2
S5 -2
Screening / Identification methods

Methods which are named as mode (Alloy mode, RoHS mode etc.) are screening methods. Screening method are special identification methods which detect automatically the sample type and selects the correct Empirical or FP method to calculate the analysis result. Identification methods in general are to identify or verify the sample grade, or proprietary alloy name. This is done by comparing the X-ray spectrum of the unknown sample to the spectra of known samples, which have been recorded in the memory during the calibration. If a similar sample is stored in the memory, the X-MET will simply give the name of the sample as it is stored. The name can be the grade of the alloy e.g. SS 316, 316 or any other name under which that sample was stored. Where a positive identification is made, the identified sample name is shown together with the note Good Match. Match If the measured sample is slightly different from any reference in the memory then Possible Match is displayed, together with the closest reference name(s). Where a Possible Match is identified one or two reference names can be given by the instrument. The first given reference name is a closer match to the measured sample. When the measured sample is not similar to any of the references stored in the memory, the message No match is given. A test value called Difference shows the closeness of the measured sample to the reference in the memory. The closer the value is to zero the more exact the measured sample and the stored reference signatures are to each other. The threshold values between good, possible and no match can be set during the calibration of the instrument.
S5 -3 Method Types
Fundamental Parameters
Fundamental Parameters (FP) is an Assay & Grade method for measuring the elemental concentrations of unknown samples. FP analysis provides assays based on fundamental knowledge of X-ray physics, the detector response, and the basic spectra of a few standards. There are various different FP methods available depending on instrument configuration. Typical FP methods are for instance: Alloy FP provides chemical analysis of elements commonly found in alloys. The concentration range for each element can vary from 0% up to 100%. The program normalises the results to 100%. Soil FP is for analysing heavy element concentrations in soil. Plastic FP is for analysing hazardous elements such as Pb, Cd, Hg and Br in plastic. Low concentrations of elements are not shown if their value is less than 2 standard deviations (STD). The elements are shown in decreasing order of magnitude, thus making it easier to read the results
A typical FP method result (Figure 3)
Figure 3
S6 -1 FP Method Settings
Instrument settings (i)

A user can select different choices and options related to the instrument operation and data output. To start these functions first tap Settings in the main menu (refer to Section 4, Main Analysis menu). The content of the Settings menu is different depending on the selected method type (FP, Identification or Empirical Assay; see section 5).
FP method settings (Figure 1)

Average Mode
To average the results from a number of measurements (2-50), set Average Mode to YES.
Additional info settings

Add more information about the measurement to measurement result log file
Method Type Parameters

This screen allows the changing of various parameters related to the selected measurement method.
Screen Settings
Change the font size and scrollbar size.
User Setup Test Measurement

Measure an arbitrary sample and display the recorded X-ray spectrum on the screen. Figure 1 Allows access to the three levels of use; Normal User, Supervisor, and Service level.
Configuration
Supervisor level access is necessary to access the configuration menu options.
Return to Main Menu

Tap here to return to previous screen.
Screen Settings
Tap on Screen Settings to access the Settings > Assay Settings screen (Figure 2).
The font size and scrollbar size in use is highlighted. Tap on Large, Normal or Small to choose setting font size. Tap on Large, Normal or None to choose scrollbar option.
Figure 2
Test Measurement
The test measurement function provides a means to measure an arbitrary sample and display the recorded X-ray spectrum on the screen. Select the desired current / voltage pair and press the trigger to start the measurement. During the measurement the elapsed and total measurement time is shown. After the measurement is finished the spectrum is shown (see Display Spectra).
User Setup
Access to the X-MET instrument functions is categorized by three levels. Access to a level may be protected with a password. The user mode that is currently in use is highlighted (Figure 3). Normal User Lowest level where functions related to making measurements and data storing are available. Default password: 1111 Supervisor Medium level which allows result formatting and calibration of the instrument. This level is protected by a password. Default password: 0000 Service Highest level which is used only by service personnel. This level is protected by a password. In supervisor mode, the password of this level can be changed by tapping Change password.
Tap here to return to previous screen. Figure 3

Select this option to access the Method Type Param (FP) screen (Figure 4). Each option is described below.
STD Display
Standard deviation (STD) is the precision of the measurement based on the counting statistics. To display the measurements statistical error for each analysed quantity select STD Display YES.
Concentration
The measurement unit can be changed either to percent (%) or parts per million (ppm). The chosen unit is highlighted in green colour.
Display Grade ID
Select YES to display the grade name(s), or trade name(s), of a measured sample. The instrument does this by comparing the assays of the measured sample with those in a grade table. A grade table is a list of grade names with associated upper and lower assay limits for the analytes of a particular matrix. A grade table must exist in the instrument memory for this option to display. See Grade Table Editor below.
Invisible Elements
The X-MET5000 cannot measure the elements with a lower atomic number than Ti (22). Those MET elements are called invisible elements. If their concentrations are significant in the measured sample, the final analysis will be distorted because results are normalized to 100%. If the concentrations of invisible elements are known, the user can input their concentration values manually to correct the result. This is known as invisible element correction. If the invisible element correction is not needed, it can be switched off. To set the available options, select Invisible Elements (Figure 5) to display the options menu. Select Set Invisible Element to define the invisible elements (Figure 6).
Figure 5
Figure 6
Set Invisible Elements
1 Add element
Highlight the element you want to include as an invisible element. Tap OK to select it.
Figure 7
2 Change Element Value

Input the concentration of the invisible element. Tap OK to accept the value.
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
3 Individually add all the invisible elements. The given concentration values are used until the input is changed.
4 Enable the correction by selecting the option YES.
5 Select the option YES

to display the concentration of the defined invisible elements in the measurement result.
Figure 11
Grade Table Editor

A grade table is a list of grade names with associated upper and lower assay limits for the analytes of a particular matrix. An FP method chooses the correct grade table according to the matrix element then compares the assay of the measured sample with those in the grade table.
1 To create or edit a grade table select Grade Table Editor from the Method Type Parameters screen (Figure 12) to display the Select Matrix Element screen (Figure 13). 2 Choose the desired matrix element by tapping the element symbol.
An FP method chooses the appropriate grade table according to the matrix element. Matrix elements are the elements which usually form the biggest part of the sample. For example, low alloy steels contain about 95% iron, the remaining 5% being alloying elements. Iron (Fe) is considered as the matrix element of low alloy steels.
Figure 12
Figure 13
All the existing grade names for the selected matrix element will be listed (Figure 14). There may not be any grade names if a grade table for the selected matrix element has not yet been created. A new grade name may be added or an existing name edited.
Chosen matrix element. Existing grade names for selected matrix element.
Add a new grade name.
Figure 14
Grade Table Editor continued
3 To edit an existing grade, highlight the grade name and tap Edit (Figure 15). The element list for that grade name is displayed (Figure 16).
Figure 15
Figure 16
4 To edit lowest and / or highest allowed concentrations for a grade, tap the current value
(Figure 17) and enter a new value (Figure 18).
Figure 17
Figure 18
Grade Table Editor continued
5 To add a new grade, tap Add (Figure 19). The user is prompted to give a name to the grade (Figure 20). The name can have a maximum of 15 characters. Tapping Remove deletes the highlighted grade. The deletion is confirmed before the actual operation.
Figure 19
Figure 20
Grade Display settings

The grade upper and lower limits are displayed with the measurement result, if the specification of grade matches the concentration result. The displayed grade name does not have to match exactly with the specification, but the program can be set to display the closest match and to show the elements that are out of the grade specification. From Grade Display settings user can set elements that do not match the grade specification to be marked with certain colour and edit the match criteria.
Edit Grade Display settings
1 Select Grade Display settings (Figure 21) 2 Set grade coefficient (Figure 22). If you set coefficient to 0, the result must be within the grade
upper and lower limit to display the corresponding grade name. If you set the coefficient to n (n = an integer > 0) , grade lower and upper limits are expanded by n* RMS error (=model error) of the element. For example value 1 expands the limits by 1 * RMS error. Value 1 is good as starting point if you unsure which value to use.
3 Select the colour you want the use to highlight the concentrations that are lower than the
lower grade limit (Figure 23)
4 Select the colour you want the use to highlight the concentrations that are higher than the upper grade limit (Figure 24)
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
S6 -9 FP Method Settings Edit Grade Display settings continued
5 Set Good match limit (Figure 25). This is the threshold limit for Good match. A difference value
is calculated how close the measurement result is compared to the grade specification. If the results of all elements match the grade specification, the difference is 0. If the difference is higher than 0, but lower than the Good match limit, the grade name is highlighted with bright green colour (Figure 27).
6 Set Possible match limit (Figure 26). This is the threshold limit for Possible match. If the difference is higher than the Good match limit, but lower than the Possible match limit, the grade name is highlighted with dark yellow colour (Figure 28).
Figure 25
Figure 26
Result screen examples with grades
7 In example in Figure 27 the result is grade Duplex 2205 and it is highlighted as Good match.
[1/2] means that there are 2 possible grades and 1 means that the Duplex 2205 was the closer match with smaller difference value. The difference value is 0.1. Because difference is larger than 0, all concentrations do not match the grade specification. Cr result is highlighted to show, the Cr result 23.1% is higher than the Cr limit (21.0023.00 %) in Duplex 2205 specification.
8 In Figure 28 is the second possible grade for the same measurement. To display it, tap the
grade information line. Results S.Duplex 2507 is Possible match with difference value 1.8. Several elements are highlighted to be either lower or higher than the grade specification.
Tap this line to display all possible grades for the measurement.
Figure 27
Figure 28
Configuration
Supervisor level access is necessary to access the Configuration menu options (Figure 29). Refer to User Setup (S6 -2).
Figure 29
Languages
Highlight the radio button beside the language to display the user interface in that language. The user will be prompted to restart the software to effect the change (Figure 31). Select NO to exit without changing the language . In X-MET5100, there is one additional language setting: Customized language, this language setting is instrument specific. In case that customized language is not in use, default language (ENG) will be used.
Figure 30
Figure 31
Calibration
On the left are shown the possible FP methods (Figure 32). The date column shows the calibration date, if the method has been calibrated before. Select the desired method and tap Next>> to start the actual calibration procedure. Refer to the X-MET Calibration manual for details.
Figure 32
Type Standard Configuration

Type Standard Configuration is a function to correct and improve the results for a selected material type. It is useful when the user has to make an accurate analysis within certain matrix type and concentration range. The correction is only valid for samples close in concentrations to the reference sample used to make the correction.
1 To perform type standard correction, select Type Standard Config (Figure 33). 2 Select a sample that represents the material you wish to analyze. Remember that also the contents of elements that are not included in the method may effect the analysis. Select Add and type the name of the sample you selected (Figure 35).
Figure 33
Figure 34
Figure 35
Figure 36
3 Select Edit and select the element from the list (Figure 37). Select Edit and input the known
concentration in % (Figure 38).
4 Next you are asked to input Low and High limits (Figure 39) for the selected element. This is the concentration range where the correction will be valid. 5 Next you are asked to type in coefficient (Figure 40). If you typed in the concentration (in Figure
38), leave the coefficient as 1. In this field you can manually edit the coefficient later to your liking, if needed. Program will calculate the coefficient after the type standard has been measured.
6 Repeat steps 3 to 5 to all elements you wish to correct. Press Return and place the selected sample
against the measurement window and pull the trigger (in figure 36) to start the measurement.
Figure 37
Figure 38
Figure 39
Figure 40
Type Standard Configuration continued
7 After measurement is finished, press Calc (in Figure 36). Program will calculate the coefficients. 8 If you wish to see the calculated coefficients, press Edit (Figure 41). Scroll the list to view the updated coefficients (Figure 42). 9 So called heavy matrix fundamental parameter methods normalize the concentrations to 100%. These methods include Alloy FP, Metal FP and Precious FP. For best performance it is recommended also normalize the results when using Type Standard. This is not in use automatically. To enable it, select Normalization (Figure 41). Answer YES to question Use Normalization? (Figure 43). Input 100 to Normalization level field (Figure 44). In light matrix fundamental parameter methods it is recommended not to use normalization. These methods are Soil FP, Plastic FP and Mining FP.
Figure 41
Figure 42
Figure 43
Figure 44
10 To add more type standards
repeat steps 2 to 9. When several type standards are in use, the program will select the closest matching type standard for use based on the concentration low and high limits that have been input. To expand the low and high limits, Selection limit value (Figure 41) can be increased. The default value is 1.
11 If type standard is not needed either uncheck the check box attached to type standard
name, or alternatively delete it using Del button.
Energy Calibration
In this screen (Figure 45) the user can perform an energy calibration measurement. Supervisor user mode needs to be activated to perform this function. This is done by measuring the stainless steel Reference Cap supplied with the instrument. To do the energy calibration measurement, place the reference cap to the instrument nose and press the trigger. After the measurement is finished, release the trigger. Select Cancel to exit without accepting the measurement. Note: Energy calibration is service operation and there is no need to do it if instrument is working properly. The instrument needs about a 2 minutes warming up period after switching the instrument power on before it is ready for energy calibration.
Reference Cap Figure 45
Timed Assay
In this mode the measurement starts when the trigger is pressed and then released. If the measurement time is set to 0, then measurement stops when the operator presses the trigger second time. When measurement time (other than 0) is defined, measurement stops automatically when the time elapses.
All safety conditions must be met (proximity sensor, warning lights, S/W running), otherwise measurement stops immediately.
Configuration Backup
This feature backs up all files associated with calibrated methods. To start the backup procedure, select Configuration Backup then Store Configuration from the menu shown in Figure 46.
Figure 46
Average Mode
Set Average mode to YES to program the software to calculate an average result from a sequence of measurements. The number of results to average can be set from 2 to 50. A file name can be specified (See Main Analysis Menu Section 4/Output Settings) to save the results. The results screen will display an Averaging bar (Figures 47 & 48).
Averaging mode in operation: Five (5) measurements selected to be averaged. Figure 47 Figure 48
Averaging mode in operation: Average of Five (5) measurements displayed.
Averaging bar
Tap on the Average bar to set up how many measurements will be averaged (Figure 49). Tap OK, or Cancel to leave the screen without making any changes.
Figure 49
Average Result menu

Tap anywhere in the displayed result screen to open a menu where the user can further define how the averaged results will display (Figure 50) . Tap on any of the options:
User options
Figure 50
Intermediate Average Tap here to calculate an intermediate result at any time after two or more results have been measured. Calculate Average + Reset Counter Tap here to stop collecting the average data and calculate the final result at any time. Reject Latest Result In case of user mistake or an obvious analysis error, tap here to choose to reject the last result and leave it out of the average calculation. The last result can be rejected from the average measurement, even after the final result has been calculated. The last result will be shown on the screen for three seconds before the average result will appear. Average Settings Tap here to enter a name for the average measurement and type in additional information in separate field (maximum length 80 characters).
The average will be calculated for all the elements, even when some elements are not present in every measurement. If element is not available in all measurements, the result will be shown in brackets. The N/A elements are equal to 0 when calculating the final average result. If result format is in use, the additional information and the messages on the screen will be saved in log files. The messages (eg. compliant/non-compliant) of the result format will also be shown in the final average result. This will happen even if result format has been turned off for one or more measurements.

Go to Additional info settings to store more information to the measurement result log file (see S4-4 about saving results and log file). There are 8 fields for adding information about the measurement. From Additional info settings check the fields you like to be included (Figure 51). You can also edit the field headers from Edit headers. When typing in the sample name (see S4-3), screen(s) will appear to type in the additional information (Figure 52), if the field(s) have been checked.
Figure 51
Figure 52
S7 -1 Identification Method Settings
Instrument settings (ii)

Identification method settings (Figure 1)
Average Mode
To average the results from a number of measurements (2-50), set Average Mode to YES.
Method Parameters
(Supervisor level access needed) Define the matching threshold levels).

Screen Settings

This screen allows the changing of various parameters related to the selected measurement method. Figure 1
Test Measurement
Measure an arbitrary sample and display the recorded X-ray spectrum on the screen.
User Setup
Allows access to the three levels of use; Normal User, Supervisor, and Service level.
Return to Main Menu

Configuration
Refer to section Instrument
settings (i) for a description of the options:

Configuration Average Mode Additional info settings
Screen Settings Test Measurement User Setup

Select this option to access the Method Type Params(ID) screen (Figure 2). Each option is described below.
Difference display
A test value called Difference shows the closeness of the measured sample spectrum to a known reference spectrum in the memory. The closer the test value is to zero the more exact the measured sample and the stored reference spectra are to each other. To display the measurements difference value, change Difference Display to YES.
Confirm Possible Match / Confirm No Match

A user may be prompted to confirm a Possible Match or No Match by selecting Yes for the corresponding option. A pop-up message box is displayed (Figure 3).
Figure 3
Display Screening path

Change the Display Screening Path to YES, to display the intermediate results of the screening chain, not only the final result.
S7 -3 Identification Method Settings
Method Parameters
Select Method Parameters (Figure 4) to define the threshold limits for Good, Possible or No Match identification. (Supervisor level access required. Refer to section 6, User setup). If the difference between the measured sample and the reference sample that best matches the measured sample, is below the fine threshold value, it is considered to be a good match. If the difference is between the fine and coarse threshold values, it is a possible match. If the difference is greater than the coarse threshold value, there is no match. To change the threshold values select Method Parameters (Figure 4) then select Set Possible Match Limit and/ or Set Set Good match Limit (Figure 5) and enter a new value. If No Match is reported for a measurement, the result may be recalculated using a different method. Select Recalculation Recalculation Method Method and select the method you wish to use for recalculation, from the list.
Figure 4
Figure 5
Reference Maintenance
Select this option (Figure 5) to view a list of all the references stored in the selected method. A date next to the sample name indicates that the reference is measured and has a spectrum in the identification library (Figure 6).
Figure 6
Add sample
Tap on Add Sample (Figure 6) to add a new sample to the identification library. Enter a name for the sample. Tap the OK button. Make sure that the new sample name is highlighted on the sample list. Place the sample on the analyzer and pull the trigger to start the measurement. Keep the analyzer on the sample during the entire measurement time. After the measurement is complete the sample name and its spectrum are stored in the memory. Note: When storing references you should use a measurement time long enough to collect a well-defined spectrum (60 120 seconds). The option Change Change Name and Delete Delete Sample can be used to edit the reference list.
Set Screening Method

Select this option to use another method to re-calculate the result, if the reference in question has been identified. The reason for this may be that more accurate identification or concentration analysis is needed. Note: Screening happens only if the result from the identification is Good match. Select Set Screening Method (Figure 6). This will bring a menu on the screen, which shows all the calibrations in the X-MET memory (Figure 7). Scroll to move the cursor to the method you wish to use. Tap the Select button to select the method.
Figure 7
S8 -1
Empirical Assay Method Settings
Instrument settings (iii)

Empirical Assay method settings (Figure 1)

Average Mode Method Parameters
(Supervisor level access needed refer to section 6 User setup). For the maintenance of the calibrated methods. To average the results from a number of measurements (2-50), set Average Mode to YES.

Screen Settings

This screen allows the changing of various parameters related to the selected measurement
Test Measurement
Measure an arbitrary sample and display the recorded X-ray spectrum on the screen.
Figure 1
User Setup
Allows access to the three levels of use; Normal User, Supervisor, and Service level.
Return to Main Menu

Configuration
Refer to section Instrument
settings (i) for a description of the options:

Configuration Average Mode Additional info settings
Screen Settings Test Measurement User Setup

Select this option to access the Method Type Params(E.A) screen (Figure 2). Each option is described below.
Figure 2
STD Display
Standard deviation (STD) is the precision of the measurement based on the counting statistics. To display the measurements statistical error for each analysed quantity select STD Display YES.
S8 -3
Display Spectral ID
To display the identity of the spectrum and method used select Display Spectral ID as YES (Figure 3). The identities are displayed on the measured results screen (Figure 4).
Figure 3 Display Grade ID
Figure 4
Select YES to display the grade name(s), or trade name(s), of a measured sample. The instrument does this by comparing the assays of the measured sample with those in a grade table. A grade table is a list of grade names with associated upper and lower assay limits for the analytes of a particular matrix. A grade table must exist in the instrument memory for this option to display. See Grade Table Editor below.
Grade Table Editor

A grade table is a list of grade names with associated upper and lower assay limits for the analytes of a particular matrix. An Assay method chooses the correct grade table according to the matrix element then compares the assay of the measured sample with those in the grade table. Grades for empirical assay methods are always associated with predefined assay methods.
Refer to section Instrument settings Editor and Grade display settings
(i) for a description of the Grade Table
Method Parameters
The Method parameters menu (Figure 5) offers three functions for the maintenance of calibrated empirical assay methods. These features help to insure accurate method analysis over time while minimising the need for frequent recalibration.
Figure 5
Single Point Recalibration

Single point recalibration is a method to correct the results for a selected material type only. It is useful when the user has to make an accurate analysis within narrow concentration ranges. The correction is only valid for samples close in concentrations to the reference sample used to make the correction.
1 To perform a single point recalibration, select Single point recalibration(Figure 6). 2 Highlight the analyte you want to correct and tap Set concentration (Figure 7). 3 Enter the known concentration (Figure 8) and tap OK. 4 Place the reference sample against the measurement window of the instrument and pull the
trigger to start the measurement.
If the single point calibration is no longer needed, you can reset the single point recalibration by pressing Reset.
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
S8 -5
Check Sample Measurement

The function of a check sample is to provide a reference point during calibration that can be used later for updating calibration equations. This applies to empirical assay methods only. During calibration, a sample is measured and stored as a check sample. This sample is representative of the standards used in the calibration. When the sample is measured, the assay values and standard deviations are stored along with the calibrated method. This sets a reference point for the performance of the calibration equation. At any time, the same sample can be measured using the Check sample option.
1 To perform a check sample measurement, select Check Sample Measurement (Figure 9). 2 The check sample measurement screen will display (Figure 10). 3 Place the measurement window against the check sample and press the trigger to start the measurement. 4 View the analysis result screen (Figure 11)
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Check sample measurement continued

If the difference is less than three standard deviations, it is assumed that there is no statistical difference between the measurements. Thus no update is recommended. In this instance, tap the Cancel button (Figure 12).
Figure 12
If the difference between the two measurements of an analyte is more than three standard deviations, the deviating analyte is marked with yellow colour (Figure 13). In this instance, using the check sample results to update the calibration curve is recommended. To update the calibration simply tap the Save button. The intercept of the calibration equation will be adjusted so the new analysis will correspond with the original.
Figure 13
If the difference between the two values is more than ten standard deviations, a warning is displayed (Figure 14). If the warning Check to see if sample is correct is displayed, tap Cancel and check the following:

Figure 14
Check that the sample currently being analysed is the sample used for the original check sample measurement. Make sure that the sample is stable over time and has not changed in composition since the original analysis. Ensure that the sample has been properly placed against the measurement window. If all these conditions have been met, then re-measure the sample and update the calibration if necessary.
S8 -7
Analyte Correction
Correction of the calibration equation (of an empirical assay method) with the check sample creates a coefficient that is applied to the calibrations curve intercept value. The Analyte correction option shows the correction coefficient and allows for it to be manually changed.
1 To enter a manual correction coefficient select Analyte Correction (Figure 15). 2 Highlight the element to be changed and tap Change Offset (Figure 16). 3 Enter the new value and tap OK to update the calibration equation (Figure 17).
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
S9 -1 Bench-top Operation
BenchBench-top operation
The XX-MET can be used as a battery operated field portable analyzer or in a stationary benchbench-top configuration with battery or A/C (line voltage) power.
The optional Travel stand (Figure 1) is a light and portable bench-top stand. Figure 2 shows the analyzer in position utilizing the small sample safety shield. Notice: In the benchtop mode, safety shield must be used in all times to ensure radiation safety!
Figure 1
Figure 2
A more robust solution to bench-top operation is provided by the optional stand shown in Figure 3. A sample holder can be fitted (Figure 4). Figure 5 shows a typical bench-top configuration.
Figure 3 Figure 4
Figure 5
S9 -2
Radiation safety when measuring samples in benchbench-top operation mode

Please read thoroughly the Radiation Safety section, in addition the following should be taken into consideration when measuring in the bench-top operation configuration: Use an appropriate X-ray shield when measuring light matrix samples (for example, soil or sediment , wood and plastics) and samples in plastic bags or solution.
S10 -1 Sample Preparation
Sample Preparation
For the most accurate results from bulk XRF analysis, the sample should be dry, clean, homogenous, and present a flat surface to the analyzer. This is not always possible, especially when doing field analysis, and excellent results can be obtained on raw, unprepared samples. Loose samples, such as powders, soils and liquids may be measured through a plastic sample bag or in a sample cup. Consideration must be given to limit any scattered radiation when measuring small or light matrix samples such as plastics and soils (refer to Section 11, Radiation Safety). Oxford Instruments Analytical Oy provide sample bags and sample cups, and other accessories to aid in the safe measurement of many materials.
Accessories
Sample bags
When making the analysis through plastic bags, a flat, smooth and clean sample surface should be presented for measurement. Before using any commercial sample bags it should be checked that the plastic does not contain any elements (for example such as Zn or Ti) which may distort the XRF analysis. It is recommended that sample bags provided by OIA Oy are used for the measurements. If the sample amount in the sample bag is too small i.e. the thickness of the sample under the analyzer is less than about 1cm then the background plate (Figure 3) should be used not only for the radiation safety issues but also to keep the measurement background constant.
Sample cups
A sample cup consists of a plastic cell and snap-on ring with a piece of XRF window material between them (Figure 1). A pressing tool (Figure 2) is used to remove air from the sample. To analyze elements with low energy, such as Mg, Al and Si, use sample cup with 4 um prolene XRF film. Any thicker film will absorb low energy radiation.
Figure 1
Figure 2
S10 -2
Sample cups continued

When preparing the sample, the depth (thickness) of the sample should be taken into account . Different elemental X-rays penetrate a sample to a lesser or greater degree. For example, when measuring a soil sample, Cr X-rays are emitted from within only about 100m of the sample depth but Cd X-rays can be emitted from up to about 6mm sample depth. Thus, the emitted Cr and Cd intensity is a function of the sample thickness. If the sample layer is less than 6mm then the sample mass must be standardized from one cup to another i.e. each sample weight will be the same although the sample volume would be different. Inconsistent positioning of samples in front of the analyzer window is a potential source of error because the X-Ray signal decreases as the distance from the X-Ray tube increases. Maintaining a consistent distance between the window and the sample minimizes the problem. For the best results, the window of the analyzer should be in direct contact with the sample. OIA Oy supply a sample bag holder and sample cup holder (optional extra) to aid in the measurement of sample bags and sample cups.
Background plate
It is recommended that the background plate (Figure 3) be used (Figure 4) to limit radiation scatter and to provide a constant background for each measurement.
Figure 3
Figure 4
Small sample safety shield

When a sample is too small to entirely cover the measurement window, un-attenuated primary X-ray radiation from the tube can pass the sample (refer to Section 11, Radiation Safety) posing a radiation exposure risk. To eliminate the risk the protective safety shield for small samples (Figure 5 and shown in use, Figure 6) is provided to cover the sample entirely.
Figure 5 Figure 6
Weld beam adapter

The weld beam adapter (Figure 7) reduces the measuring window size restricting the size of the sample area seen by the analyzer. This is useful for small samples as it limits how much unwanted sample area is measured. Notice that use of the Weld beam adapter compromises the analyzer accuracy and precision.
Figure 7
S10 -4
Sample Handling
Different sample types require different handling. Rapid screening of a sample can be achieved by simply holding the analyzer against the sample and measuring using a suitable method type (refer to Section 5, Method Types). The more accurate a result required the more sample preparation is required. A few guidelines on measuring various sample types are given.
Powders and pellets

For the most acurate result, the sample should be dry and ground fine enough to be homogenous. For Cu and Fe analysis a grain size of ~5080 m is sufficient. For lighter elements the grain size should be ~20m. In practice, acceptable results can be obtained with coarser materials.
Metals
Metals are usually homogeneous in nature and the measured result will often represent the actual metal composition. If there is a coating or paint on the metal this should be scraped off and measured separately to the base material.
Liquids
Liquids should be measured in disposable sample cups with the analyzer used in the bench-top configuration (refer to Section 9, Bench-top operation). A safety shield must be used. using disposable sample cups (Figure 8) and the with the analyzer used in the bench-top configuration
Solders
In order to comply with various directives to ensure that electronic components are Pb free, and to conform to the Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive (RoHS), traditional tin-lead solder (Sn-Pb) has been replaced with non-lead containing solders. The most common replacement is tin silver copper (Sn/Ag/Cu or SAC) solder. The Pb level of this solder is less than 1000ppm. The total solder composition determines the characteristics of the solder. For accurate results solder sample should be homogeneous and uniform When measuring solder directly on a circuit board (PCB) the board will also be in the measurement window. The measurement result will show the elements present but the composition of the elements will in incorrect. To get an accurate measurement result only the solder should be in the measurement window.
Plastics
Many metals such as titanium, lead, cadmium, zinc, iron, bromine are used in the manufacture of plastic products. For accurate results sample thickness should be minimum 3mm. Indicative screening results can be obtained from minimum of 1mm thick sample. Any coating or paint layer should be removed and measured separately for the most accurate results. What is behind, or beneath the plastic (when measuring cable insulation for instance) will also be measured due to the penetrating effect of X-rays. Where possible the plastic material should be measured on the background plate (Figure 3) to reduce X-ray scatter and to provide a constant measurement background.
Printed circuit boards and semiconductor chips

PCB analysis is very complex as it is non-homoeneous multi-layer structure, containing metals, epoxy, fiberglass, fire retardant etc. which means that the measurement result is an average composition of metals in the measured area. Penetration depth is dependent on material layers, which means that the measured result can be difficult to interpret. Generally only indicative screening results can be obtained from this type of non-uniform samples. It is more effective to measure small semiconductor chips in a sample cup (Figure 8).
S10 -6
Sample measurement
In the laboratory:
1. 2. 3. 4. Place the dry, clean, homogeneous material into a plastic sample bag or disposable sample cup (Figure 8). Place this bag or cup on a background plate (Figure 3) to minimize radiation scatter and to provide a constant background signal. Pack it down gently to present a flat surface. Measure, holding the analyzer at right angles to the sample (Figure 4). Alternatively, measure, using the analyzer in the bench-top configuration (Figure 9) placing the sample bag or cup into the sample holder (Refer to Section 9, Bench-top operation).
Figure 8 Figure 9
In the field:
A sample can be directly measured in its raw state if it is accessible to the analyzer. Simply place the nose of the analyzer against the sample to measure. The measured result may only provide a guide to the accurate result if the raw state of the sample is not dry, clean or homogenous.
Soil samples
Soil sample measurements can be made by direct measurements on the ground without any preparation for the quickest possible screening results. However, minimal sample preparation will improve measurement accuracy. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Remove any debris such as leaves, grass and stones from the surface. Screen loose material with a 2mm mesh if there is a lot of debris in the soil. Loosen the soil to a depth of a few centimetres and stir to homogenize the loosened material. Leave the loosened soil to dry for a few hours or dry it with absorbent paper. Measure, directly placing the analyzer against the ground, holding it a right angles to the surface.
S11 -1
Radiation Safety
Safety Information
You MUST: MUST:
Read and understand this entire safety section. Contact the appropriate regulatory authority to determine what is needed (see Customer Responsibilities) Have received training in the safe operation of the X-MET (see Customer Responsibilities . Complete a risk assessment for the safe operation of the X-MET (Refer to 7.4 for dose rates). Maintain a list of authorized users. Check correct functioning of analyzer once a month. See Customer Responsibilities and Customer Maintenance).
Radiation Safety
The X-MET must only be used by persons who have been trained to operate the analyzer safely. Do not point the analyzer at any person when it is in operation. Users must not try to gain access to the radiation enclosure. Servicing must only be carried out by engineers trained by Oxford Instruments.
S11 -2
X-MET5000/5100 Users Manual
Customer Responsibilities
Contact the appropriate regulatory authority to determine if registration or licensing requirements apply: For example, in the United Kingdom, equipment of this type is defined as a radiation generator, and its use is governed by the Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 (IRR99); the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (HSAW); the Management of Health and Safety at work Regulations 1999 and the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998. Users must notify the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of their intention to work with ionising radiation. (Notification is only done once or when an employer makes a material change to their work that would affect the particulars of the original notification. If the employer has already notified the HSE, further notification following the purchase of a X-MET is not required). Help and advice is available from the HSE infoline on telephone number 0845 345 0055. The HSE require 28 days notice. There is a requirement to appoint a Radiation Protection Advisor (RPA). The RPA will help specify work procedures to be followed including training requirements for the correct use of the equipment. Test the device for correct operation of the ON/OFF mechanism every six months and keep a record of the test results. If the instrument fails the test, contact an OIA representative immediately for instructions and return the instrument for repair. Maintain a record of the instrument use and any service to shielding and/or containment mechanisms for two years or until the ownership of the instrument is transferred or the instrument is decommissioned. Report to appropriate authority any possible damage to shielding and any loss or theft of the instrument. Transfer or loan the instrument only to persons specifically authorized to receive it, and report any transfer to the appropriate regulatory authority, normally 15 to 30 days following the purchase, if required. Report the transfer of the instrument to an appropriate OIA representative. Comply with all instructions and labels provided with the instrument and do not remove labels. Removal of labels will void the warranty. Do not abandon the instrument.
Description and use of safety interlocks

The X-MET5000 has been designed with a failsafe safety circuit to prevent inadvertent exposure MET of the operator to the X-ray beam. The safety system for the instrument consists of: Green failsafe light PIN code Infrared proximity sensor Trigger Three red failsafe X-ray ON lights.
The function of each safety feature is described below:
S11 -3
Radiation Safety
Green failsafe light

A power ON button is employed to control power to all components. This button must be pressed to the ON position (Figure 1).before any actions can be initialized. When the button is pressed ON a green light is activated (Figure 2) to indicate there is voltage to the power supply.
1 Press the power ON button.
Figure 1
2 A green light is activated.
Figure 2
If the bulb has failed or has been removed, the safety circuit will not allow the voltage to be applied. The analyzer will not power ON.
Pin code
A pin code must be entered to allow access to the X-Met program (Figure 3).
3 Tap on the numbers on the screen in the

correct order to enter a pin code.
Figure 3
X-MET will automatically go to locked mode if it havent been used for 10 minutes. To continue measuring, password is required. A PIN code must be entered to
allow access to the X-Met program.
S11 -4
Infrared proximity sensor

An infrared proximity sensor is located at the nose of the instrument (Figure 4). This sensor must be covered by the sample to allow X-rays to be generated (Figure 5). When the sensor is covered the green light changes to amber.
4 Location of infrared beam sensor.

Figure 4 Special accessories are available to allow the safe operation of the analyzer in the bench top configuration. See Section 9 Bench-top operation .
Correct positioning of analyzer (Figure 5, field portable configuration) with the infrared proximity sensor covered by the sample. Figure 5
X-rays will not be generated unless a solid object (the sample) covers the infrared beam. Operator trigger interlock / Red XX-ray on failsafe light
When the trigger is pulled, X-rays are generated if the following conditions are met:
1. The instrument has been powered ON 2. A correct password has been entered 3. The program has been started 4. The infrared beam safety interlock is covered by a solid object (the sample). Amber light visible on front of analyzer.
Figure 6
5 When the trigger is pulled and the infrared sensor is engaged, the dual red failsafe light will be activated (Figure 6) indicating the generation of X-rays.
If any of the warning LEDs is burned out, XX-rays will not be generated.
S11 -5
Radiation Safety
Precautions to take when analyzing Small samples

Small samples that do not cover the measurement window entirely are quite obviously potentially risky to measure because part of the primary radiation may go through the sample un-attenuated. To eliminate the risk the protective safety shield (Figure 7) for small samples is provided to cover the sample entirely (Figure 8).
Figure 7
Figure 8
Precautions to take when analyzing thin samples

A less obvious risk to radiation exposure is caused by the measurement of thin samples. Part of the radiation coming from the X-ray tube is so high energy that it penetrates thin samples, especially if they are of low atomic number material. The following table gives the relative intensities after the radiation has gone through aluminum / iron sheets of various thicknesses. (The tube is run at maximum high voltage, 40 kV). Table 1 Aluminium sheet 0 mm 1 mm 2 mm 3 mm 4 mm 5 mm 10 mm Relative Intensity 100 55 36 26 19 15 5 Iron sheet 0.0 mm 0.1 mm 0.2 mm 0.3 mm 0.4 mm 0.5 mm 1.0 mm Relative Intensity 100 31 15 8 5 3 0.4
NOTE: If the sample is unable to stop the primary radiation the dose rate may be high behind the sample. An aluminum sample must be quite thick before it absorbs most of the radiation whereas iron provides much better shielding. In practice the difference is important and means that it is wise to measure aluminum samples at arms length.
S11 -6
Radiation Protection Dos and DONTs

Table 2 DO Read and understand the safety information. Follow any instructions given. DONT Override the safety features.
Point the analyzer at any person or animal. Leave the analyzer unattended if not safely stored away. Allow people into the beam path and train users in managing this risk.
Store the analyzer in a safe location when not in use. Keep control over who is authorized to use the device.
Radiation Dose Rates

The intensity of the primary beam
The intensity Intensity of the primary beam is very high when the infrared sensor is intentionally bypassed and no sample is placed in front of the probe. Radiation levels at the sample port are substantial. There is no reason for the operator or any personnel to be exposed by the primary beam. Operators should never hold samples in their fingers or cupped in their hands, as this may generate significant radiation exposure. Operators should never point the analyzer at another person and start measuring, as this may also provide significant exposure to the person if they are close of the sample port of the instrument. Reduce exposure by maintaining the maximum possible distance from the radiation source to the operator or member of the public. Exposure rate is reduced as the distance from the source is increased. The greater the distance, the less amount of radiation received. Doubling the distance from a point source reduces the dose rate (intensity) to 1/4 of the original. Tripling the distance reduces the dose rate to 1/9 of its original value.
Warning! Examples of potential misuse of the instrument
Do not let any person closer than one meter from the primary XX-ray beam
Do not point the analyzer at any body part
Do not measure against any body part
S11 -7
Radiation Safety
Warning! Examples of potential misuse of the instrument
Do not use fingers or other body parts to block the IR sensor. Use safety shield when measuring small samples.
Keep the instrument at correct angle (90) against the sample to minimize scattering radiation. When measuring repeatedly low density samples such as plastic, wood or soil safety shield should be used.
Keep the instrument in touch with the sample during the whole measurement.
Primary beam direction if the safety logic circuit is bypassed
Notice that Primary beam direction is about 25 degrees upwards.
S11 -8
Radiation Dose rate profile - X-MET5000 MET

Dose rate measurements were taken at 10 cm distance from the front end of the analyzer (points 110) with analyzer pressed against a stainless steel and plastic sample. In case of plastic sample, it was 5mm thick pure polyethylene plate, metal plate was placed on other side of the plastic sample. Measurements were taken from the surface of the analyzer from areas where user typically touches the analyzer (points 11-17) . Measurement were taken at maximum used high voltage and current 40kV/50uA. As can be seen from table 4, scattered radiation from plastic sample (or any other low density sample like aluminium, wood or soil) is noticeably higher around the nose of the instrument than when steel or other high density sample is measured. It is recommended that when low density samples are measured repeatedly bench top stand or small sample safety shield should be used.
Table 4 Radiation Dose rate profile [1] Position Steel sample, Sv/hr 1 (10cm) 2 (10cm) 3 (10cm) 4 (10cm) 5 (10cm) 6 (10cm) <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Plastic sample, Sv/hr 47 35 5 26 47 42 7 (10cm) 8 (10cm) 9 (10cm) 10 (10cm) 11 (0cm) 12 (0cm) Position Steel sample, Sv/hr <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Plastic sample, Sv/hr 37 37 4 4 <1 <1 13 (0cm) 14 (0cm) 15 (0cm) 16 (0cm) 17 (0cm) Position Steel sample, Sv/hr <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Plastic sample, Sv/hr <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Ref [1]
Radiation leakage testing was carried out by Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Test Report No. T/02/08 and T/03/08.
S11 -9
Radiation Safety
Radiation Dose rate profile profileX-MET5100 MET

Dose rate measurements were taken at 10 cm distance from the front end of the analyzer (points 1 10) with analyzer pressed against a stainless steel and plastic sample. In case of plastic sample, it was 5mm thick pure polyethylene plate. Measurements were taken from the surface of the analyzer from areas where user typically touches the analyzer (points 11-17) . Regarding plastic samples, measurement were taken at maximum used high voltage and current 45kV/50uA, with steel sample typical alloy analysis setting of 40kV/10uA was used. As can be seen from table 4, scattered radiation from plastic sample (or any other low density sample like aluminium, wood or soil) is noticeably higher around the nose of the instrument than when steel or other high density sample is measured. Difference between X-MET5000 and X-MET5100 dose profile are mainly caused by different test arrangement. In case of X-MET5000 metal background plate was placed other side of the plastic sample, in X-MET5100 plate was not used. It is recommended that when low density samples are measured repeatedly bench top stand or small sample safety shield should be used. Recorded dose rates at positions 117 (Figure 10) are shown in Table 4. (1Sv = 100rem).
Table 4 Radiation Dose rate profile [2] Position Steel sample, Sv/hr 1 (10cm) 2 (10cm) 3 (10cm) 4 (10cm) 5 (10cm) 6 (10cm) <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Plastic sample, Sv/hr 138 88 20 88 138 175 7 (10cm) 8 (10cm) 9 (10cm) 10 (10cm) 11 (0cm) 12 (0cm) Position Steel sample, Sv/hr <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Plastic sample, Sv/hr 200 175 3 3 <1 <1 13 (0cm) 14 (0cm) 15 (0cm) 16 (0cm) 17 (0cm) Position Steel sample, Sv/hr <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Plastic sample, Sv/hr 3 3 <1 <1 <1
Ref [2]
Radiation leakage testing was carried out by Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Test Report No. T/11/08
S11 -10
What to do In case of emergencies

The X-ray emission from the instrument could be harmful to a person if they operate the analyzer without the appropriate training. If the instrument is lost or stolen, notify the local and/or state regulatory agency as soon as possible.
The first action to take in the event of an accident with instrument is to turn off the device and remove the battery pack.
Minor damage
If any hardware item appears to be damaged, even if the system remains operable, contact your nearest OIA representative immediately. Use of a damaged analyzer may lead to unnecessary radiation exposure and/or inaccurate measurements.
Major damage
If the analyzer is severely damaged, contact an OIA representative immediately and the appropriate regulatory agency in your state or country. Care must be taken to ensure that personnel near the device are not exposed to unshielded X-rays that may be generated. Removal of battery pack will stop all X-ray production.
Loss or theft
Notify the appropriate regulatory agency in the country or state in which the device is being utilized. In addition, contact your nearest OIA representative immediately in case of a stolen device. Take the following precautions to minimize the chance of loss or theft:
Never leave the analyzer unattended when in use. When not in use, always keep the device in its shipping container and store it in a locked vehicle or in a secured area. Maintain records to keep track of all instruments, and the operators assigned to use them and where they were used.
S11 -11
Radiation Safety
Customer Maintenance
Establish a routine for checking the correct functioning of the infrared beam safety sensor, located at the nose of the analyzer: Measure a sample in the normal way but pull away from the sample during the measurement. The measurement will immediately cease as the safety beam is uncovered. Do this every day to check that x-ray emission does indeed cease unless a solid object covers the infrared beam. The X-MET5000 contains no user serviceable parts. Removing the cover invalidates the warranty and will expose live electrical components and hot components. Users must not remove the covers of any part of the system.
S11 -12
Electrical Safety
Lithium ion batteries and charger
The X-MET is powered by a rechargeable battery pack. The battery pack contains a safety circuit and electronics that monitors the charge state of the battery cells. Please follow the safety warnings below when using the battery pack.
When using the battery pack

Misusing the battery pack may cause the battery cells to get hot, explode or ignite and cause serious injury. Do not place the battery pack in fire or heat it. Do not connect the positive terminal and negative terminal of the battery pack together with any metal object (such as wire). Do not carry or store the battery pack together with necklaces, hairpins, or other metal objects. Do not pierce the battery pack with nails, strike the battery pack with a hammer, step on the battery pack, or otherwise subject it to strong impacts or shocks. Do not solder directly onto the battery pack terminals. Do not expose the battery pack to water or salt water, or allow the battery to get wet. Do not disassemble or modify the battery pack. The battery pack contains safety and protection devices which, if damaged, may cause the battery pack to generate heat, explode or ignite. Do not place the battery pack on or near fires, stoves, or other high temperature locations. Do not place the battery pack in direct sunlight, or use or store the battery pack inside cars in hot weather. Doing so may cause the battery pack to generate heat, explode, or ignite. Using the battery pack in this manner may also result in a loss of performance and a shortened life expectancy. When the battery pack is worn out, insulate the terminals with adhesive tape or similar material before proper disposal. Immediately discontinue use of the battery pack if, while using, charging, or storing the battery pack, it emits an unusual smell, feels hot, changes color, changes shape, or appears abnormal in any other way.
S11 -13
Radiation Safety
While charging the battery pack

Be sure to follow the instruction listed in section 3 of this user guide while charging the battery pack. Failure to do so may cause the battery pack to become hot, explode, or ignite and cause serious injury. When charging the battery pack only use the battery charger supplied with the X-MET. Never try to charge any other type of batteries or battery pack using the X-MET battery charger. Do not connect the battery pack to a power supply plug or directly to a cars cigarette lighter. Do not place the battery pack in or near fire, or in direct sunlight. When the battery pack becomes hot, the built-in safety equipment is activated, preventing the battery pack from charging further. Heating the battery pack can destroy the safety equipment, which can lead to additional heating, breaking, or ignition of the battery pack. Do not continue charging the battery pack if it does not recharge within the specified charging time as listed in section 3. Doing so may cause the battery to become hot, explode, or ignite. The temperature range over which the battery pack may be charged is 0C to 45C. charging the battery pack at temperatures outside of this range may cause the battery pack to become hot or to break. Charging the battery pack outside of this temperature range may also harm the performance of the battery pack or reduce the battery packs life expectancy.
When Discharging the Battery Pack

Do not discharge the battery pack using any other device except the X-MET. MET If the battery pack is used in a device aside from the X-MET then it may damage the performance of the battery pack or reduce its life expectancy. And if the device causes an abnormal current to flow, it may cause the battery pack to become hot, explode, or ignite and cause serious injury. The temperature range over which the battery pack can be discharged is 20C to 45C. Use of the battery pack outside of this temperature range may damage the performance of the battery pack or may reduce its life expectancy.
S11 -14
X-MET5000 MET Battery Charger
Do not use outside, make sure charger is dry Do not use over +40C environment Do not open, shock hazard. No serviceable parts inside Do not leave charger on unattended for long period of time Do not put anything over charger in order to keep ventilation holes open. Do not try to charge defective batteries Do not try to charge other than X-MET5000 batteries . Do not use charger if cable/cables is/are damaged
S12 -1 Trouble shooting
Troubleshooting
X-MET SW is running, but Measurement will not start
Probable causes:
The infrared proximity sensor is not covered by the sample. Make sure that the infrared sensor is covered completely by the sample being measured. This safety feature ensures that x-rays cannot be generated unless a solid object covers the infrared beam. Do not try to bypass this feature. If infrared proximity sensor is not working properly, clean sensor window with soft cloth.
The battery is discharged Change the battery or connect the instrument to mains power using the AC adaptor.
No communication between PDA and instrument

Probable cause:
PDA not seated correctly. 1. 2. 3. 4. Exit the analysis program Remove PDA from cradle on instrument. Re-position the PDA into the cradle, seating it carefully onto the connector. Re-start the X-MET program.
X-MET program freezes

Probable cause:
Other programs are running reducing system memory required to run XX-MET program 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press iTAsk button in PDA Tap the Today tab Tap the System icon Tap Running Programs Tap Stop All. Figure 1
i-Task button
PDA stops responding

Probable cause:
PDA needs resetting. Resetting the PDA is known as performing a soft or hard reset. ALWAYS try a soft reset first.
How to perform a soft reset
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Exit any running programs and power off the PDA (if PDA responding) Remove PDA from the instrument Press the recessed reset button (Figure 2) using the stylus (refer to iPAQ user manual to locate recessed reset button) Screen loading will appear. Re-position the PDA into the cradle, seating it carefully onto the connector. Power ON PDA Power ON instrument (if OFF) and restart X-MET program.
Figure 2
S12 -3 Trouble shooting
How to perform a hard reset
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Exit any running programs and power off the PDA (if PDA responding) Remove PDA from the instrument Slide out the Memory card (Figure 3) Press and hold down the Calendar and iTask buttons Keeping these two buttons pressed, press the recessed reset buton (Figure 4) using the stylus Re-position the PDA into the cradle, seating it carefully onto the connector. Power ON PDA instrument (if OFF) Power ON analyzer and restart X-MET program.
Figure 3
Figure 4

X-MET5000 and 5100 User Manual Rev110 October 2009

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X-MET5000 / XMET X-MET5100 MET Users Guide

Part number 51021135102113-4VE Rev. 1.10 1.10October 2009

The Business of ScienceTM

Section 9 Section 10 Section 11 Section 12

S9 1 2 S10 1 6 S11 1-14 S12 1- 3

CAUTION: This instrument produces XX-rays when energised.

CAUTION: Corrosion of Beryllium

CAUTION: Beryllium toxicity

The Business of ScienceTM

Warning symbols used in this manual

The Business of ScienceTM

Using the X-MET5000/5100 : MET

Warm up tube and detector

Name Sample Enter sample name S4

Select Method Select operation mode S5

Output Settings Define LOG file for saving data S4

Position Sample Result Format Modify result presentation S4

Data Output Flow diagram page iii

Settings Set Color

Method Parameters (ID, EA)

Select None Modify New

Set Measurement Time

Service Change Password

X-MET Analyzer Operating Software Version: 3.0

Select Matrix Element

Add Remove Edit Upper/Lower Limit New element

Screen Menu Pull out

Timed Assay YES/no Configuration Backup

Description of the X-MET

Description of the XX-MET

The Business of ScienceTM

X-MET5000/5100 Users Manual MET

Part number 5102113-4VE

PDA AC adaptor plug

Kapton window film kit

The Business of ScienceTM

Description of the X-MET

Continued; Included accessories

Users Manual (English)

Quick Start guide (12 languages)

Memory card reader

Optional accessories: Analyzer specific

Sample cup film

Sample pressing tool

Application specific Check samples

PDAPDA-X-MET remote connection cable

Light Travel stand : includes small sample safety shield

The Business of ScienceTM

X-MET5000/5100 Users Manual MET

Part number 5102113-4VE

Continued; Optional accessories: Analyzer specific

Weld beam adapter

Flat Surface Adapter

Sample Bag Adapter

The Business of ScienceTM

Description of the X-MET

The PDA Computer

Line (A/C) power

Stand alone battery charging

The Business of ScienceTM

X-MET5000/5100 Users Manual MET

Part number 5102113-4VE

Environmental operating conditions for the XX-MET