Anda di halaman 1dari 67

Public Relations

2002



..................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................v
...............................................................................................................................v
.....................................................................................................................1

I.

_______________ 3
A. _________ 3
B.

___________________ 6
1.

_________________________________________6

2.

_________________________________6

3.

__________________7

4.

____________________________________7

C.
'
_________________________________________
_________________________________________ 7
D.


______ 8
1.

_________8

2.

______________9

3.

____________12

4.

______________13

II.
__ 15
A.



16

B.
__ 17
C. ___________ 19

ii

III.

_____________________________________
_____________________________________ 21

A.


_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ 21
1.

____________________________________________21

2.

________________________________________22

IV.

______________________ 24


A.

__________________ 25
B. _________________________________________
_________________________________________ 27
1.

________________________27

2.

________________________29

3.

_______________29

4.

______________30

5.

________________________________30

6.

____________30

C. __________________________________
__________________________________ 31
D.
_________________________ 31
1.

______________________________________________32

2.

__________________________________32

3.

____________________________________33

4.

____________________________33

5.

_____________________________34

6.

____________________________________34

7.

___________________34

8.

________35

iii

9.

_________________________35

10.

__________________________________________36

V.

___________________________________________________ 37
___________________________________________________

A. _______________________ 37
1.

______________________________37

a)

___________________________________________37
(1) '
___________38

b)

___________________________________________40

c)

___________________________40

d)

_____________________________________40

2.

_____________________________________41

3.

_____________________________________________42

B. __________________ 44
1.

- ____________________________44

2.

_________________________________45

3.

__________________________________________45

a)

___________________________________________45

b)

__________________________________________46

c)

_______________________________________46

4.

_______________________________________________46

5.

__________________________________________47

6.

___________________________________________47

7.

______________________________________________48

8.

________________________________48

9.

___________________________________________49
iv

VI.


_____ 50
A.


________________________ 52
1.

BP - ___________________52

2.

Chevron ________________54

B.

__________ 55
1.

Mercy Corps _________________________________55

..................................
..................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
.............................75
.........75
....................
....................
....................
....................
..............
..............................
....................................
........................................
........................
....78
..............
................
....................
....................
....
78


.
, ,

.

,

. ,


.

, XIX
20-


.
.
, , ,

, ,
.
,
. ,
.
.

, .

. A

vi

.
,

, .

.


.
,


.
, Mercy Corps Azerbaijan
William Holbrook-, eyni
Catherine Rothenberger-, BP Amoco
,
Chevron .
... . .

23 2001- .

vii


.
, ,
,
.
. ,
( )
.
.

. ,
.
. ,
.
,
, ,
.
, . ,
.
, .
(6)
.
,
, , ,
.
, ,
.

.
, ,

, , ,

, - , , , ,
, , ,
.
, ,
, , BP
hevron , ,
.
-
. ,
.
,
.

. ,
. ,

. ,
.
,
(expectatons)
.
. , .
.
, .
, .
,
( ) .
,
, .1

,
,
: , 1997, .3-4.

I.


A.

,
.


.

, ,
.
.2

, ,
. , ,
.

.
.

.
,
.

.
, ,
, , , ,

Black Sam, Introduction to Public Relations,


Relations London: Modino Press, 1989, p. 2.

, ,
.3

,
. .
,
.
, , .4

.
, . ,

. ,
.
Publc Relatons, Relatons Publques
.5
,
,
.
, .
, ,
, .
, ,
.

.

Black Sam, Introduction to Public Relations,


Relations London: Modino Press, 1989, pp. 3-4..

Jerry A. Hendrix, Public Relations


Cases, Belmont: Wadsworth, 1988, p. 4.
Relations Cases

Jean Marie Van, Les Relations Publiques, Bruxelles: Labor, 1988, p. 3.

, , ,
.6
. ,
.
,
. ,
.

.
.7
,
,
. ,

. ,

.

:
;
;
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
6
7

Edward J. Bernays, Your Future in Public Relations,


Relations New York: Richard Rosen Press, 1979, pp. 5-8.
Jerry A. Handrex, Public Relations C
Cases
ases,
ases Belmont: Wadsorth, 1988, pp. 7-9.


.
.
, .
. ,

. , ,
.
, .
.
.
.8

B.

1.

.
.
,
,
,
.

2.

.
, ,

.
, , ,

Jerry A. Handrex, Public Relations Cases,


Cases Belmont: Wadsorth, 1988, pp. 9-13.

3.

,
,
. ,
.
,

.

4.

,
.


, ,
.
.
.
. , ,
.
.
, ,
.

C.



'


' .

Encylopedia Britannica ,
.
Webster`s New International Dictionary ,
, , , ,
,

.

(IPRA- International Public

Relations Association) 1954- :


,
,

.9

D.

,
,
.
,
, .
,

.

1.

,
.

Lucien Matrat, Public Realtions, Public Relations Journal,


Journal April 1985, p. 24.

,
.
: ,
.
,
. ,
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
. , ,


.
,
.

. ,
,
. ,

.
,

.10

2.

10

Howard Stephenson, Public


Public Relations,
Relations Handbook of Public Relations, New York, Mc Graw Hill,
1960, pp. 46-48.

,
- . ,
, .
,
- . ,
.
, .

,
.

.
.

, .


.

.

, .
.

10


, .

. , ,


. ,
, , .
.
. , ,
.
. .

. ,
.

.
.
.
. ,
.

11

,

.11

3.

,

. ,
.
,
.
.
,
. , ,
.

.
1- .12

2.

- .

- .

- .

- .

- , .

- .
,
.

- .

11

,
, : , 1997, . 35-37.

12

Bernard Rubin, Public Relations and The Empire State,


State New Jersey: Ruthers University Press, 1958,
pp. 68-73.

12

4.

, , ,
/ / .
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
.
, ,
,
.

, ,
.
, . ,
.
,
.
.
: , , , ,
.

. , ' ,
.
, .
. , ,
, . . . .

13

,
. , ,
.
,
.

. ,
. , ,
. , ,
, ,
. ,
.

. , .
.13

13

Edward J. Robinson, Communicatoin and Public Relatinons,


Relatinons Ohio: Ohio State University Press,

1966, pp. 54-59.

14

II.




, ,

.
. Vox populi, vox Dei (
, ) ,
.
,
- , . (.. 106-43),
(.. 383-322) ,
.14
(.. 356-323)
.
. , ,
. , ,
, .15
(1440)
.
.
,
. . ,
,
.

14

Orrick, (James B) :
,
... .1. . 2.

15

Orrick, (James B) :
,
... .1. .

2.

15

A.


Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) . 1870- New
York - San Francisco 150
,
, .
, J.D. Rockfeller
Ivy Lee 1906- .
Rockfeller . Ivy Lee
(Declaration of principles) :
.
1908-
:
.
,
.
1917-

. .
Committe for Public Information
.
1929-
. , ,
.
1920-
. 1923- New York
. 1924-

. ,
.

16

Harvard, Yale, Columbia


.
,
.
.
, 100.000
. .
.
(Public Relations Society of Aerica),
(American Public Relations Association),
(Railroads Public Relations Association) .16
,

.

B.

1780- . William Pitt,


1789- Opinion Armee ( ) .
I Opinion Armee .
.
.
:
;
;
;
;
;

17

, Moniteur
Universel .
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
1946- .
, , , ,
.
.

. - , ,
.
, Relations Publiques ( )
.
1946- , Jean Choppin de JANVRY-
.
Shell Caltex ,
. - (P.T.T. RATP)
.
. Air France, Aeroport de Paris, Sud Aviation,
Chambonnages de France .
.
1955- ,
.

16

LOugovoy C. LINON M., Les Relations Publiques,


Publiques 1969, . 13.

18

1957-
Rayvond Marceln ,
(rensegnements) ,

.17

C.


. 97-
,
. 98-
.

,
. ,
, ,
.
,
. 97-
,
.
13-
4-
. 22 23-
,
.
, 80 81-
.

17

Frank Jefkins, Public Relations, Fourth Edition, London: Pitman Publishing, 1992, pp. 56-59.

19


. ,
.

, , .
,
.
.


, , , , , ,
.
,
, , .
Cenre
Interministerial de Renseignements Administratifs
.

.18

18

Frank Jefkins, Public Relations, Fourth Edition, London: Pitman Publishing, 1992, pp. 63-66.

20

III.


A.

1.

,
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
.

, .
.
, ,
.
,
, , -
.
.
, , ,
.

21


. ,
.
,
.
. . .19

2.

.
.
.
,
,
,
. ,
- ,
- .
.

.
,
.
, .
, .
.
. ,

.
Ivy LEE
.

19

Frank Jefkins, Public Relations, Fourth Edition, London: Pitman Publishing, 1992, pp. 148-153.

22

. ,

. ,
.

, . ,
.
,
.


.
.
, .
.
.20

20

Scott M. Cztip znd Allen H. Center, Effective Public Relations


Relations, New Jersey: Prentice Halll Inc.,1961, pp.

55-67.

23

IV.



.

,
. .
.


. .

. ,
.
,
. ,
.

.
. ,
. , ,
.
.
.

.
.

24

.
.21

A.


.
,
,

, ,
.
,
.
. ,
, - , -
.
.
, ,
.
.
,
, ,

,
.

. - ,
. ,
.
.

21

Sam Blck, The Role of Public Relations in Management,


Management London: Pitman, 1972, pp. 123-126.

25

,

.
.
. .
. ,
? .
.
, ;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
:
;

;
,
;

:

. .
;
;
;

26

, ,

.22

B.


. ,
,
. ,
.
,
. ,

.

.
.

.
(), , , .
,
,

, ,
.

1.

,
.

.

22

Sam Blck, The Role of Public Relations in Management,


Management London: Pitman, 1972, pp. 126-128.

27

.
.
.
:
?
.
,

.
. ,

.
2. ?
? , ?

. ,
. ,
.
. .
.
,
. .
. ,
.

. .
.
?
? ?

.

. .
. .

28

2.

.

.
, .
.
?
? .
. ,
.
, .
.
.
.

.

3.


.
? .
.
, ,
, , .
.
.
.

.

29


. .

.

4.

.
.
. ,
, .

5.

, ,
.
,
.

.
, , ,
.
, .
,

, .

.

6.

.

.

30


.
. ,
.
,
.
,
23

C.


,
.
.
.

24

D.

,
.
.
,
. , ,
,
.

23

John V. Pavlick, Public Relations: What Research Tells Us, London: Sage Press, 1987, pp. 134-142.

24

White John, How To Understand and Manage Public Relations, London: Business Book Limited, 1991, p.
178.

31

.
.
,
. ,
.

, .
, ,
, $100- $80- .
,
. ,
. ,
,
.

25

1.

, .
. . ,

.
,
. ,
,
,
.26

2.

25

White John, How To Understand and Manage Public Relations, London: Business Book Limited, 1991, pp.

179-181.

32

.
. ,
, .
, .27

3.


. ,

- .
.

. ,
. ,
.

4.

.
,

.
.
.
, . ,
, ,

26

White John, How To Understand and Manage Public Relations, London: Business Book Limited, 1991, pp.

183.
27

Alfred Politz, Life Study of Consumer Expenditures,


Expenditures Second edition, New York: Time Inc., 1958, pp. 8687.

33

.
,
.

5.

.

,
. , ,
.
.

6.

.
,
.
,
, .28

7.

, ,
,
?

. ,
,

34

. ,
. ,
. ,
,
.
,
.
. ,
.
.
.
.29

8.

, . ,

. , ,
,
. ,
.
,

,
. .

9.


.
, .

28

Rex F. Harlow and Martin Black, Practical


Practical Public Relations,
Relations New York: Harper and Row Press, 1972, pp.
184-297.

29

John Marston, The Nature of Public Relations,


Relations New York: Mc Graw Hill Co., 1963, pp. 220-222.

35

10.


, .
.

,
.
.

, . .

.
.30

30

Jefkins Frank, Public Relations Techniques, Second Edition, Oxford: Butterwirth-Heinmann, 1994, pp. 167175.

36

V.

,

.
,
, .
,
.
, ,
.

.31

A.

,
, , , , , .

1.
a)

.

.
, ,
.

31

Haywood Roger, All About Public Relations, Second Edition, London: Mc Graw Hill, 1991, p. 384.

37


.
.
, .

. ,
.
, .

(1)
(a)

'

.
,
. ,
.
.
, .
.

. ,

.

, '
.
, .
, , ,
.
.
.

.

38

, ;

;
;
;
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
, , , .
(b)


.
.

, .

,
.
,
.
,

.

39



.32

b)

, .

. , ,
, .
. , 15 ,
.33

c)

, .
, .
16 , , ,
.
,
.

.
.34

d)


.
.

32

Frank Jefkins, Planned Press and Public Relations, Blackie Press, 1986, pp. 287-294.

33

Frank Jefkins, Planned Press and Public Relations,


Relations, Blackie Press, 1986, pp. 294-296.

34

Edward J. Robinson, Communication and Public Relations, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1966, p. 245.

40


, .35

2.


.
,
,
.
, -
- .
, .
. 300
.

.

. ,
.
.
.
. , ,

.
.
.
.

.
.

35

Sam Blck, Practical Public Relations, London: Pitman Press, 1976, p. 167.

41


.
, .
,
. , ,
, .
, ,
.
:
1. ;
2. ;
3. , ;
4.
;
5.
;
6. ,
';
7. ;
8. ;
9. (, .) ;
10. ;
11. ;
12. .36

3.

36

Edward J. Robinson, Communication


Communication and Public Relations, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1966, pp.
251-163.

42

.
,
.
, , ,
. ,

.

,
.
.

.
.

.
, .
,
.
, .

. .

.

,
, .
. , .

.


. ,
.
.

43

, , ,
,
. ,
. ,

.
, .
:
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4.

5. ;
6. ;
7. , ,
, ;
8. ;
9. , ;
10. ,
.37

B.

1.

--

- , ,
.
.
,
.
. -
.
,
37

Frank Jefkins, Planned Press and Public Relations, London: Blackie Press, 1986, pp. 323-334.

44

. -
.
, .

. ,
.38

2.

,
.
. -
.

.

39

3.

, -
.
.

.
,
.
,

.
,
.

a)

38

Edward J. Robinson, Communication and Public Relations, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1966, pp.
341-342.

39

, , : , 1997, . 189.

45


. ,
. ,
. .
24 .
, ,
.

b)

-
. -
, .

.

c)

.
, ,

. , -
.

.
. .40

4.

.
.
.
.41

40

Edward J. Robinson, Communication and Public Relations, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1966, pp.
347-353.

41

William Albig, Modern Public Opinion, New York: Mc Graw Hill, 1986, p. 289.

46

5.


.

, .
, ' .42

.

.

.43

6.

, , ,
.
,
.
.
,
. , ,
.

.
:
?

?
?

?

42
43

Jerry Handrex, Public Relations Cases, Belmont: Wadsworth, 1988, p. 296.

Edward J. Robinson, Communication and Public Relations, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1966, p. 364.

47

?
?
?
.

.
.
.
.

. ,
.44

7.

:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
.45

8.

44

Greener Tony, The Secrets of Su


Succesful
ccesful Public Relations and Image Making, Oxford: Heinmann
Professional Publishsing, 1990, pp. 163-175.

45

Greener Tony, The Secrets of Succesful Public Relations and Image Making, Oxford: Heinmann
Professional Publishsing, 1990, pp. 175-178..

48

, ()
. .

9.


.

, , .

.
,
(, ) .
.46
, ,
. ,
.

.47

46

Ball Barry, Sponsrship and You, Kenthurst Kangaroo Press, 1999, pp. 124-126.

47

, , : , 1998, . 67.

49

VI.


, ,
.
XX
1918-1920-
.

- .
-
.

.

, .
,

, .
, ,
,
, , ,
.


.
,

50

.
(,
, , , . .) .
, ,


.
.
, , ,
.
- ,
.

.

, .


.
,
.
,
,

.
-

. BP
, Chevron ., Conoco
, ExxonMobil, Caspian Drilling .
.

51

A.



1.

BP
-

BP 1999- British ()
.
1999-
. 1994 20- ,

- ()
. 1999-
,
. BP -

- (

) 1999- .
BP
, , .
BP 1992-

.
.
9 () . ,
, - (Press Office) .
,
. BP
,

, . .

33. BP
BP

;
;

;

52

;
.

.

BP
(, , , , )
.
1992- BP

. ,
, , , ,
. 1994- BP 200.000 , ,
, , ,
100.000 .
-
. BP -
13- .
,
20
.
1997-

.

.
BP
.

2000- .
BP - ,
. -
, - .

53

-
. BP - 2000-
.48
BP - ,

. BP -
.
, BP -,

.

2.

Chevron

Chevron .
Chevron Chevron . ,
Chevron Overseas Exploration ltd. ,
Chevron Overseas Petrolium Azerbaijan,

Chevron
Lubricants b.v.-. Chevron 1996- ,
1998- . Chevron

30% , .
Chevron
( ) d. Chevron
.
Chevron

,
. , Chevron
,
.

48


, : 27 2001- .

54

. Chevron
, ,
.49

B.

1.

Mercy Corps

Mercy Corps 1996-


. 1998-

() .

,
.
Mercy Corps
,

.
Mercy Corps

.
Mercy Corps
,
,
,
.
,
.
, , .

49

Ch . ,
: 29 2001- , 3:00-4:00.

55


.
Mercy Corps
- ,
, ,

.
-
, Mercy Corps ,
, ,
, , .. .
Mercy Corps
.
ISAR, , ,CHF, Pathfinder

.

.
,
. ,


.

,
-
. ,
, , .
,
.

56



.
.
,
.

.
. ,
.

.
. .
.

, ,
.
,
. ,
.
. ,
.
. ,
.

.


.
.
.
.

57

) ,
.
.

, .
,

.

.
.
, ,
,
, .


(BP , . .)
. .
, .

.

.

58


,
,
: , 1997.
, , :
, 1998.
Alfred Politz, Life Study of Consumer Expenditures,
Expenditures Second Edition, New York:
Time Inc., 1958.
Ball Barry, Sponsorship and You, Kenthurst Kangaroo Press, 1998.
Bernard Rubin, Public Relations and The

Empire State, New Jersey: Ruthers

University Press, 1958.


Black Sam, Practical Public Relations, London: Pitman Press, 1976.
Black Sam, Introduction
ntroduction to Publ
Public
ic Relations
Relations, London: Modino Press, 1989.
Edward J. Robinson,

Communication and Public Relations, Ohio: Ohio State

University Press, 1966.


Edward L. Bernays. Your Future in Public Relations
Relations, New York: Richard Rosen
Press, 1979.
Greener Tony, The Secrets
Secrets of Succesful Public Relations and Image Making,
Oxford: Heinmann Professional Publishsing, 1990.
Haywood Roger, All About Public Relations, Second Edition, London: Mc Graw
Hill, 1991.
Howard Stephenson, Public Relations, Handbook of Public Relations
Relations, New York,
Mc Graw Hill, 1960.
Black Sam, The Role of Public Relations in Management
Management, London: Pitman, 1972.
Jean MarIe Van, Les Relations Publiques,
Publiques Bruxelles: Labor, 1988.
Jefkins Frank, Planned Press and Public Relations, Blackie Press, 1986.
Jefkins Frank, Public Relations Techniques, Second Edition, Oxford: ButterwirthHeinmann, 1994.
Jefkins Frank, Public Relations
Relations, Fourth Edition, London: Pitman Publishing, 1992.
Jerry A. Hendrex, Public Relations Cases,
Cases Belmont: Wadsworth, 1988.
John Marston, The Nature of Public Relations,
Relations New York: Mc Graw Hill Co., 1963.
John V. Pavlick, Public Relations: What Research Tells Us, London: Sage Press,
1987.
Lucien Matrat, Public Realtions, Public Relations Journal
Journal, April 1985.

59

,
, : , 1997.
, ,
: , 1990.
Rex F. Harlow and Martin Black, Practical Public Relations,
Relations New York: Harper and
Row Press, 1972.
Scott M. Catip and Allen H. Center, Effective Pu
Public
blic Relations,
Relations New Jersey: Prentice
Hall Inc.,1961.
W. Emerson Reck, Your Public Relations, The Standard P.R. Handbook,
Handbook 1995.
White John, How To Understand and Manage Public Relations, London: Business
Book Limited, 1991.
William Albig, Modern Public
Public Opinion, New York: Mc Graw Hill, 1986.

60

Anda mungkin juga menyukai