Additional Mathematics Project Work

2013

RANGKA PENYELESAIAN (SOLUTION OUTLINE)

PART 1
Any appropriate answers

PART 2
1. (Any appropriate raw data) Example: Additional Mathematics first examination marks for 30 students.

Students 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Marks 55 60 63 65 73 74 75 75 76 77 78 80 81 82 83 84 84 86 86 86 87 88 88 89 90 90 90 91 93 95

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2013

RANGKA PENYELESAIAN (SOLUTION OUTLINE)

2.

(a)
(b) (c) (d)

2424 = 80.80 30 83 + 84 Median = = 83.50 2 Mode = 86 and 90 198770 2424 2 Standard deviation, = ( ) = 10.02 30 30 Mean, x =

3.

Frequency distribution table: Class Interval (Marks) 55 59 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 84 85 89 90 94 95 99 Table 1

(a) (i) The mean mark of 30 students can be found by using the formula: fx x= f

Frequency 1 2 1 2 5 6 7 5 1

Class interval (marks) Midpoint, x 55 59 57 60 64 62 65 69 67 70 74 72 75 79 77 80 84 82 85 89 87 90 94 92 95 99 97 From the table f = 30

Frequency f 1 2 1 2 5 6 7 5 1 f = 30

fx 57 124 67 144 385 492 609 460 97 fx = 2435

fx = 2435
Therefore, mean, x = 2435 1 = 81 or 81.1667 30 6
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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2013

RANGKA PENYELESAIAN (SOLUTION OUTLINE)

(ii)

Mode

The modal class is 85 - 89, i.e., the majority of the students got that marks. To find the mode weight, we draw the modal class and two classes adjacent to the modal class.

From the histogram, the mode mark is 86.5

(iii)

Median

Method 1 By using formula Class Interval (marks) 55 59 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 84 85 89 90 94 95 99 Lower Boundary 54.5 59.5 64.5 69.5 74.5 79.5 84.5 89.5 94.5 Upper boundary 59.5 64.5 69.5 74.5 79.5 84.5 89.5 94.5 99.5 Frequency f 1 2 1 2 5 6 7 5 1 f = 30 Cumulative Frequency 1 3 4 6 11 17 24 29 30

From the table, Median class = 80 84 30 2 11 m = 79.5 + (5) = 82.8333 6

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2013

RANGKA PENYELESAIAN (SOLUTION OUTLINE)

Method 2 by drawing an ogive

Ogive is a graph constructed by plotting the cumulative frequency of a set of data against the corresponding upper boundary of each class.

An ogive can also be used to estimate the median and to calculate the interquartile range of a set of data. (Any appropriate answer from the graph)

(iv)

Standard deviation

Method 1: Use formula 1st Formula: Marks 55 59 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 84 85 89 90 94 95 99 Midpoint, Frequency, f 57 1 62 2 67 1 72 2 77 5 82 6 87 7 92 5 97 1 f = 30 fx 57 124 67 144 385 492 609 460 97 fx = 2435 fx 3249 7688 4489 10368 29645 40344 52938 42320 9409 2 fx = 200450
2

x=

2435 1 = 81 30 6 200450 1 81 = 9.6767 30 6

2435 1 = 81 30 6
2

or 2nd Formula:
x= Marks

Midpoint, x 57 62 67 72 77 82 87 92 97

Frequency, f
1 2 1 2 5 6 7 5 1 f = 30

(x

) (x

)2

f (x x

)2

55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 80 - 84 85 - 89 90 - 94 95 - 99

-24.1667 -19.1667 -14.1667 -9.1667 -4.1667 0.8333 5.8333 10.8333 15.8333

584.0294 367.3624 200.6954 84.0284 17.3614 0.6944 34.0274 117.3604 250.6934

584.0294 734.7248 200.6954 168.0568 86.8069 4.1663 238.1917 586.8019 250.6934 2 f (x x ) = 2854.1666

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2013

RANGKA PENYELESAIAN (SOLUTION OUTLINE)

f xx f

2854.1666 = 9.7539 30

Method 2: Use ICT Suggestion: Use MS Excel (print screen) or Scientific calculator (write the steps) (v) Interquartile Range

Method 1: By using formula Q1 class = 55 59 1 4 (30) 6 Q1 = 74.5 + (5) = 76.0 5

Q3 class = 85 89 3 4 (30) 17 Q3 = 84.5 + (5) = 88.4286 7

Thus, the interquartile range = Q3 Q1 = 88.4286 76.0 = 12.4286 Method II By using ogive (Any appropriate answer) (b) Mean, x = 81.2 kg Median, m = 82.8333 (or 82.75) Mode = 86.5

From the above measures of central tendency, mean is most suitable because the minimum value of the raw data is not extreme and the data seems to be evenly distributed. Whereas mode and median does not take all the values in the data into account which will decrease the accuracy of central tendency. (or any appropriate answers)

(c)

The standard deviation gives a measure of dispersion of the data about the mean. A direct analogy would be that of the interquartile range, which gives a measure of dispersion about the median. However, the standard deviation is generally more useful than the interquartile range as it includes all the data in its calculation. The interquartile range is totally dependent on just two values and ignores all the other observations in the data. This reduces the accuracy if extreme value is present in the data. Since the marks does not contain any extreme value, standard deviation gives a better measure compared to interquartile range.
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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2013

RANGKA PENYELESAIAN (SOLUTION OUTLINE)

(or any suitable answers) 4. (a) (b) PART 3

Any appropriate answers. Any appropriate answers.

1.

If the teacher adds 3 marks for each student in class, Conjecture: Example: When 3 marks is added for each student in the class, the mean, mode and median will increase by 3, but the standard deviation and interquartile range will not be affected. (any appropriate answers) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) New mean = 81.1667 + 3 = 84.1667 New median = 82.8333 + 3 = 85.8333 New mode = 86.5 + 3 = 89.5 Interquartile range = 9.6767 Standard deviation = 12.4286 or 12.25

Verify the answers by using ICT: MS excel, scientific calculator, or any other ICT tools.
2. New mean =

2435 + 97 21 = 81 or 81.6774 30 + 1 31

New standard deviation =

200450 + 97 2 21 81 = 9.9219 31 31
2

FURTHER EXPLORATION: 1. Graphical method: Formula method: Use ogive

80 100 N F Use modified quartile formula, L + c f

2.

Any appropriate answers.

REFLECTION: Any appropriate answers.

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