Supervision - involves overseeing the activities of others.

It consists of inspecting the work of another, and either approving or correcting the adequacy of performance. - it ensures that the major goal of nursing, which is quality client care, is achieved. - it encourages the development of the potentials of the workers for effective and efficient performance.

Purposes of Supervision Supervision is concerned with people, the work area, working conditions and the work itself. Supervision is carried out to: Inspect, evaluate and improve worker performance Provide suitable working conditions for the staff Orient, train and guide the individual staff member

Principles of Supervision Good Supervision; 1. requires adequate planning and organization 2. gives autonomy to workers 3. stimulates the workers ambition to grow into effectiveness 4. creates an atmosphere of cordiality and trust 5. consider the strength and weaknesses 6. strive to make the unit an effective learning situation 7. considers equal distribution of work

Communication

- is defined as the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another. Communication Process

Communication System

Chain system - is fast and accurate for simple problems. The middle person in the chain emerges as the leader, and the leadership position is stable. Unfortunately, morale is low and so is the flexibility for problem solving. Wheel and Y-system - both provide fast, and accurate problem solving. The leader emerges at the location of highest centrality, which is the fork of the Y and the hub of the wheel. the coordinator, who is centrally located, is generally satisfied, but the peripheral members are less satisfied than members in less efficient systems. the wheel is an efficient, effective communication structure for simple problems. Circular Structure - is slow and inaccurate. The structure does not influence the emergence of a leader. Because no one can communicate with everyone, there is no coordinator. However, morale is high, and there is considerable flexibility for problem solving. All-channel system -. is best for completing complicated and unpredictable tasks. groups tend to evolve to the all-channel network as problems become complex and shift back to a wheel structure as problems become simple.