TENAGA NUKLEAR

Radioactive Decay
Radioactive nuclei are unstable, and will eventually break-up or decay. Radioactive decay is a decay process which transforms an unstable nucleus into more stable one together with the emission of radioactive radiation.

Types of Radioactive Radiation

alpha (), beta () and gamma ().

ALPHA Nature Charge Penetrating power Can stopped by Ionising power Mass Particle or Rays Helium Nucleus Positive Low

BETA Electron Negative High 5 Mm Aluminium Low Heavy

GAMMA

Electromagnetic Wave
Neutral Highest 25 Mm Lead Block Or Concrete Wall Very Low No Mass

A Sheet Of Paper

High Heaviest

Two Proton And Two Neutrons

One Atom

Ray

IN INDUSTRY
Geiger-Mller counter can detected the leaking pipes in underground

 Beta particles can be used to control the thickness of the paper, plastic or aluminium foil in the mills and also be used to ensure that bottles and containers are filled to correct level

IN AGRICULTURE
Radioisotope phosphorus-32 is used as a tracer to track the uptake of fertilisers in a plant. This can
Help farmers to determine the amount of fertilisers needed for a crop. Help scientists understand the detailed mechanism of how plants utilise phosphorus to grow and reproduce.

Gamma radiation used to induce mutations in plants and animals.

FOOD INDUSTRY
Gamma rays can be used to kill bacteria, mould and insects in food even after it has been packaged. This process called food irradiation.

Radioactive Dating
When animals and plants die, they stop taking carbon, the amount of carbon-14 begins to decline at a know rate. The age of the remains can be determined by measuring the amount of carbon-14 that remains. Method above called carbon-14 dating. Archaeologists use this method to estimate the age of ancient remains such as the age of a dinosaur Ancient

Medical Treatments
In medical field, radioactive tracers used for check function of body organs. The location of blood clots can be easily traced by injecting sodium-24 into the blood stream and detecting where the flow stops. Gamma rays are used to kill cancer cells. Radiotherapy is highly concentrated beam of gamma rays from a cobalt-60 source use by doctors to treat cancer patients. Hospital equipment, especially plastic syringes are sterilise by gamma rays.

Production of Nuclear Energy and Its Uses

Nuclear Fission A heavy radioactive nucleus (uranium-235) is bombarded with a neutron, it split into two smaller nuclei of different elements. This process called nuclear fission. An enormous amount of energy (electromagnetic radiation and kinetic energy) is release during nuclear fission.

PEMBELAHAN NUKLEAR
Uranium-235
92Kr

Neutron
Uranium-236
141Ba

Pelakuran Nuklear

PROSES PENJANAAN TENAGA NUKLEAR

Kesan pengguna/pencemaran Nuklear