DES

Data Encryption standard. It uses 64 bit key to encrypt series of 64 bit blocks. 64 bit blocks of plaintext as i/p with 56 bit key and produces 64 bit o/p cipher text

 64 bit plaintext is first passed through an Intial Permutation.The initial permutation produces the permuted input by rearranging the plaintext bits. This permuted input is passed through 16 different rounds of same function. In this function both the substitution and permutation functions are assembled.

 In each of these 16 rounds 16 different subkeys are used. To generate the first subkey an intial 64 bit key is taken as input,output of that 8 bits are discarded to have 56 bit key. This resulting 56 bit key is then shifted circularly to the left by one position After shifting 48 bits are selected by applying the compression permutation.

 The resulting key is a 48-bit key and is a subkey for the first round. The other 15 subkeys for 15 rounds are produced by performing the left circular shift each time and then applying the compression permutation. After completing all 16 rounds the size of the resultant output is 64 bits.

 It is then passed through a 32-bit swap which swaps its left and right halves to produce preoutput. The pre-output is then subjected to an inverse initial permutation which is an inverse of the initial permutation function. The output of Inverse permutation function of the final output and is the 63 bit cipher text.