Introduction

India is a country of rich culture, history and traditions. India is one of the major producer and supplier of handicrafts products since very long time. Before the industrial development, this art and industry worked as a potential economic advantage for the country. It has been seen that the minor industry like handicrafts can play a major role in the development of the economy of both developed and the developing countries. The 9095% of the total industrial products of the world is produced in small workshops run by less than 100 people. For instance, Japan, which is at the peak of the economic development, has considered 84% of the its industries as small and medium scale industries. In countries such as India and China, handicrafts are as high as the mechanized products in quality and volume, and are a major source of their foreign exchange earnings. These countries are focusing on the development of handicraft industry in order to strengthen the economy. The Indian handicrafts industry is highly labor intensive, cottage based and decentralized. The industry is spread all over the country mainly in rural and urban areas. Most of the manufacturing units are located in rural and in small towns. Although it has huge market potential in all Indian cities and abroad. Handicraft industry is a major source of income for rural communities employing over six million artisans including a large number of women and people belonging to the weaker sections of the society. There is a huge demand for the Indian handicraft products in both national and international market. Therefore it has envisaged by our government that modern technology should be incorporated whenever possible in this sector. processes are quality cost uncompetitive ness and better product. The obvious

Chapter 1 Handicraft in India

1.1 Indian Handicrafts Industry
India is one of the important suppliers of handicrafts to the world market. The Indian handicrafts industry spread all over the country in rural and urban areas. Numerous artisans are engaged in crafts work on part-time basis. The industry provides employment to over six million artisans (including those in carpet trade), which include a large number of women and people belonging to the weaker sections of the society. Although exports of handicrafts appear to be sizeable, Indias share in world imports is miniscule. It is a sector that is still not completely explored from the point of view of hidden potential opportunities. India, a country with 26 states and 18 languages and more than 1500 dialects offers an enormous range of handicrafts from each of the states. Major centres in Uttar Pradesh are Moradabad also known as the "Peetalnagari" (City of Brass), Saharanpur for its wooden articles, Ferozabad for Glass. The North Western state of Rajasthan has to offer the famous Jaipuri quilts, Bagru and Sanganer printed textiles and wooden and wrought iron furniture from Jodhpur. The coastal state of Gujarat comes with embroidered articles from Kutch. Narsapur in Andhra Pradesh is famous for its Lace and Lace goods. But this is only a small part of the total product range. India offers much more. Leather Industry occupies a place of prominence in the Indian economy in view of its massive potential for employment, growth and exports. There has been increasing emphasis on its planned development, aimed at optimum utilization of available raw materials for maximizing the returns, particularly from exports. Leather industry has been one of the traditional industries operating in India it is essentially located in certain states, but dispersed as cottage industries in rural areas.

Leather Bracelet

Leather hand bad and coins bag

Handicrafts can be defined as products which are produced either completely by hand or with the help of tools. Mechanical tools may be used as long as the direct manual contribution of the artisan remains the most substantial component of the finished product. Handicrafts are made from raw materials and can be produced in unlimited numbers. Such products can be utilitarian, aesthetic, artistic, creative, culturally attached, decorative, functional, traditional, religiously and socially symbolic and significant.

Metal crafting

1.2 Popular Indian Handicraft Items

1.3.1 Metal Craft: Metals such as gold, silver, copper, brass and bell metal are shaped to perfection to create an exquisite wealth of jewellery, figurines, idols, utensils, etc. These intricately crafted items are special to Bihar, West Bengal, Kashmir, Orissa, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. 1.3.2 Metal Ornamentation: Use of techniques such as inlay, overlay, appliqu, etc, gives birth to the exclusive repertoire of metal ornamentation in India in the form of Bidri a kind of surface ornamentation relived with silver and gold inlay, and Enamelling an artwork where surfaces of various metals are subjected to color treatment and etchings.

1.3 Handicrafts are classified into two categories

Articles of everyday use Decorative items

1.4.1 Leather craft Leather is the practice of making leather into craft objects or works of art, using shaping techniques, coloring techniques or both. 1.4.2 Metal Craft Brass, copper, bronze, bell metals are used for a variety of wares and in a variety of finishes. Scintillating ornaments are available in a wide range of patterns, styles and compositions. Made from precious metals, base metals, precious and semi-precious stones; these ornaments have traditional as well as modern styles.

1.4 Different regions of India have different leather products to offer

1.5.1 Kohlapur in Maharashtra is world famous for its kohlapuri chappals (traditional Indian footwear). These chappals are popular because of their softness and durability. They come in a large variety. 1.4.2 Rajasthan is known for its decorated leather items: Mojdis or thick footwear are made out of locally tanned leather. These shoes are generally decorated with silk or metal 4

embroidery, beads. Sometimes one can also find appliqu work done on them. Mojdis are so soft and delicate, that they can be rolled up or folded easily. 1.4.3 Bikaner and Jaisalmer produce decorative saddles for horses and camels. Bikaner is also known for Kopi, a particular type of leather bottle made from camel hide. Rajasthan is also known for beautiful lamp and lampshades made from leather. 1.4.4 West Bengal is also known for it's decorated leather products. Various types of handbags, pouches, bags etc are made here. These items are usually decorated with traditional motifs and geometric patterns or pidis. 1.4.5 Kashmir is known for ornamental leather products. Hoshiarpur in Punjab is known for use of leather pieces in appliqu work. 1.4.6 Madhya Pradesh is famous for embroidered red leather items. Embroidery is done with silk and gold. Gwalior, Indore, Bilaspur and dewas are known for production of shoes, jutties, bags, mushk (traditional leather bag in which water is carried). Gwalior is also famous for shoes, while Indore and Dewas are into making leather garments. 1.4.7Karnataka has been noted for leather products painted with epic and mythological scenes, done in gold and silver. 1.4.8 Andhra Pradesh is also known for leather puppets, which generally are mythological figures. The present day leather craft of India has become a big industry and caters not only to local but foreign needs also. Utilitarian items like shoes, jackets, lampshades, pouches, bags, belts, wallets, stuffed toys etc made from leather are exported from India in large quantity.

Chapter 2 Leather and Metal Craft

2.1 Leather Handicraft
Leather Handicrafts was incorporated in the year 1994 with a small trading business of Sea Shell Handicrafts and then by growing steadily we have been expanded our business and involved in manufacturing, exporting and trading Leather Handicrafts. At present scenario, we have more than 200 outlets across the country. Toys and puppets made of leather were used by the puppet masters in India since ages and are still reckoned as one of the finest example of leather craft Leather crafts coming in numerous patterns; demonstrate an incomparable pursuit for perfection, which suits almost every application. Made for lifelong use, the extraordinary leather crafts are made to ensure that customers will enjoy each piece for many years to come. Available in different texture leather crafts also complements the furnishing used in traditional styled homes.

Leather toy

Leather Puppet

Leather crafts are meant for providing a unique opportunity to obtain a valuable glimpse of great Indian heritage and also the latest products. Blend well with all kinds of home interiors items, leather crafts are occupying very special place in the market nowadays.

Leather Bag

Leather Shoe

The most popular leather products in India are footwear and hand bags. The footwear comes in a variety of traditional embroidery, brocade or textile designs. Bright colors and individual designs are used.

2.2 Leather Types & Styles

One of the reasons that leather is so popular is that in addition to its great natural richness, it also takes well to a large variety of finishes. There is literally something for every person's taste. 2.2.1 Aniline This first category of leather finishes is reserved for the finest hides. Aniline dyes are tumbled in a vat with the hides, which permeate the leather. This produces a transparent, natural color and the full grain is visible. However, Aniline hides do not have any protection from fading or staining. Less common are wax and oil finishes of aniline hides. Leather finished this way is referred to as "pull-up leather" where the color changes as the leather is worn or used and stretched.

2.2.2Semi-Aniline Semi-aniline leather finishes are used on the next grade of hides. A sealant topcoat is added, which provides protection without losing the softness of the leather or hiding the grain. Semi-aniline finishes may also involve applying a pigment dye or metallic finish over the surface. Sometimes this type of leather finish is referred to as a hybrid. A) Finishes Most other leather finishes are applied by using pigment, heat, and mechanical means, or sometimes, the combination of all three. B) Distressed This leather finish is a combination of physically "distressing" the leather. For example, the process might include using a hairbrush and then applying wipes of pigment to produce an uneven color. The goal is to make an item look old or worn. Another way to distress leather is to spot it with water and then as it dries, it will shrink slightly giving it a pinched look. If you prefer, you can simply wear it and let nature take its course. C) Embossed Techniques used for embossing as well as painting and tooling were developed by Spanish craftsmen in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Embossing leather consists of a process in which a design is added to leather by pressure as a way of altering or correcting the surface, resulting in uniform imitation grain. The embossing process will vary somewhat depending on the material or type of leather being used, as well as the design or pattern. Other ways of embossing do not require equipment, just a few simple tools. One of the most popular methods for embossing leather is to use an embossing wheel. These wheels are made from metal and have a handle for ease of use. The metal wheel has a permanent design such as scrolling, lettering, flowers, geometric shapes, and so on. D) Glazed Leather Glazed leather is polished using heated rollers, which also results in stiff leather with a lustrous finish.

E) Metallic / Pearlized Metallic and pearlized finishes considered "delicate". This process involves spraying on a coating and then often using foil to create a shiny or mother-of-pearl type finish to the leather. Many women go nuts over this look, as it is very chic. F) Patent Leather Patent leather is made by alternating coats of daub and varnish, and drying them at a warm temperature. These steps combine to give patent leather a hard, shiny finish. Patent leather, which was introduced around 1800, is a leather finish rather than a type of leather.

2.3 Metal Handicraft

The history metal art dates back to the Bronze Age. In India, artisans have been making metal art since 3000 BC. Brass and bronze artifacts are one of the most ancient forms of art were widely used to furnish royal courts and temples. The beautiful brass artifacts depict detailed carving and excellent finish. Brass statutes are beautiful collectibles that form an essential part of your home or workplace. There are several brass statute of deities, figurines as well as other ornaments, that are very popular in international or foreign markets. It is often believed that to bring a religious brass statue home, symbolizes an invitation to God to stay at your home. Buddha brass statues are also very people buy brass statues for their aesthetic beauty.

Metal craft for home decoration

Brass statue making requires a great amount of proportion and balance. It is not only the imaginative power of the artist but also concentration that is required to make the mould out of the liquid metal. Brass can change to beautiful shades of green, blue and yellows, depending on their metal composition. There are several types of metal ware available at vedique that includes religious brass statues, figurines, ornaments etc. Availability of different metals and its vulnerable nature has made it the base for a variety of decorative techniques such as inlay, metal casting, carving, applique, etc. The scope of art metal is immense. The work done in Moradabad, Jaipur and Delhi are representative of this. The metal based lamps in various shapes and designs are part of the Indian traditions and rituals. In Ladhak, decorative kitchen stoves are made purely by hand. In South India, metal icons, especially of bronze, are believed to absorb the charged energy of the Divine and are stored in the inner sanctum of a temple where the icon is installed.

Flower pot

Decorate item

Moradabad, in Uttar Pradesh, has almost become synonymous with metalwork. It is specially noted for its colored enameling and intricate engravings in niello. Delhi too is an important centre for art metalwork. The 'paildar' or the pie-crust designs, laboriously made, is a specialty of the place.

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2.4 Types of Metal

2.4.1 Brass Craft Hardware, jewelery or sculptures made from brass gives an antique look reflecting the collector's royal taste. 2.4.2 Iron Craft Iron, when used to carve out craft pieces, make the bystanders spellbound through its appealing elegance. 2.4.3 Bronze Craft Bronze, appreciated for its style, is preferred for making not only hardware and sculptures too. 2.4.4 Silver Craft White magic, silver, is used in making varied items including decoratives, furniture, and other craft items. 2.4.5 Copper Craft Copper is used not only for making hardware and furniture but also jewelery, and other things. 2.4.6 Steel Craft Steel craft for making utensils, steel has come a long way to be used for jewelery and decorative items. 2.4.7 EPNS Craft EPNS or nickel silver is becoming popular for making decorative and crafts items apart from being used in cutlery. 2.4.8 Wrought Iron Craft Iron is used in making as big an item like gates and fences as also home decor items perfect for gifts as well.

2.5 Scope of the Case Study

Though in absolute terms there is an increase in the exports of leather products but in percentage terms Indias share in world trade remain around 2%. The competition is shifting from the manufacturing end to the product creation part of the value chain as shown in Fig. With the use of latest Information Technologies like Computer Aided Design (CAD) Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) there has been huge increase in the product variety. Also as this industry is highly fashion dominated there is a

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continuous change in the product style. This requires continuous monitoring of changes in the customer style and specific customer needs.

Handicraft Value creation Given the nature of the leather industry, modernization of leather industry requires the following initiatives to make it efficient, agile, responsive, and competitive, namely: Enhance productivity Reduce wastage Increase the product design Automate the production process Understand the customer needs Extend the reach through e-commerce Introduction of new technologies

One of the traditional leather products is footwear. Which was on the brink of closure, was revived with the technological and social intervention. Use of Information Technology (IT) not only increased the productivity and the quality of the product but also helped in coming up greater variety and achieving lower cost. Also the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) makes the communication easy and at low cost. It brings the accessibility to various markets of the world.

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2.6 Scope of Automation and Constraints

Although there is a large scope of automation at various stages of craft work and with the technology today it is possible as but introducing technology into the hand craft will loose its charm and beauty. This is why handicraft made by hand is much expensive as treated as exclusive attire. The only possible area that we felt was introducing the software tool to the AutoCAD to help them having a look and feel of the finished design in advance. AutoCAD used here a basic format as par need of the designing but the software dose not allow us to go to any higher level usages of Autodesk. At present, there is a gap between the embroiderer and the market. This is bridged by the middlemen who get the embroidery done by the artisans at very low wages and markets it at a good margin for them. This has caused much grief and deprivation to the poor artisans who have been terribly marginalized by the middlemen and brokers. Thus commercialization has not only exploited the craft worker, it has also led to complete deterioration in the quality of the work.

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Chapter 3 Structure of Handicraft, Bottleneck and Success

3.1 Rationale for the Craft
Leather and metal is a unique commodity that links grassroots villages with high societies and traditional practices with emerging technologies. For many developing countries, leather and leather manufacturers constitute an indispensable and dependable source for export trade and foreign exchange earning. India has, just four decades since Independence, made significant gains from the leather trade, progressing from the status of an exporter of 90% plus raw hides and skins to that of an exporter and predominantly leather product manufacturer. India is on move for increasing its market share from the present of around 3%. Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) has a pivotal role in all these initiatives. The National Leather Development Programme (NLDP) concentrates on bridging those critical gaps where adequate competence does not exist in the country and which need external assistance, for leather and leather products namely footwear, garments and leather goods to make them internationally competitive. CLRI coordinates this programme. It has excellent links with leather industry and it worked closely with Leather Export Promotion Council. CLRI has extension centers in major leather industry clusters and these centers help in improving technology transfer and support problem solving activity.

3.2 Leather Craft Sector

3.2.1 Existing Situation The footwear sector used to be a significant one for the India Manufacturing Industry. It is not a coincidence that 50% of the India footwear production is exported and that the

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India Footwear is considered of best quality However there has been recently a strong recession which mainly can be attributed of the following: The strong competition with low cost imported products, even of poor quality, from China and other Eastern countries The strong competition with branded products from EU countries and with Italian design products. The high production cost which obliges entrepreneurs to orient themselves more towards exports, trading and less towards the production itself. The lack of an integrated development strategy for the industry in terms of production, organization and marketing, which would enhance investments and would support by and large the expansion of the markets and the development of the industry in India. 3.2.2 Perspectives The sector presents significant indications for development under the condition that it is supported and better organized. The existing risks due to cheap products mainly of Chinese origin can be faced thanks to the quality of the India products, the expansion of the markets abroad and these of modern methods and tools such as Franchising and the creation and development of promotion companies for the diffusion of Indian products. Branded products and design products may play as well as equally important role in the development of the sector, which apart from the expressed will of entrepreneurs involves as well training and education infrastructures for the human resources of the sector. 3.2.3 Employment Most employees in the sector (approximately 30%) are over 45 years of age. According to relevant measurements (in the current research and in previous ones) employment in the sector declines during the past 17 years and mainly affects aged workers, which becomes worse due to the fact that most working positions are occupied currently by immigrants ( 30% of the work positions in the sector).

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3.2.4 Education Training It is worth mentioning the fact that despite the importance of the footwear industry in the framework of the Indian Industry there no relevant 3rd grade educational institutes in our country. The research, moreover, showed that only 5% of the people working in the India Footwear Industries have a 3rd grade education Degree and 70 % of workers are Secondary Education Graduates.

3.3 Problems of the Enterprises

The research detected and registered certain main problems, common in most companies of the industry in India. These are as follows: Low competitiveness Great diversity of products High cost Global Competition Non compliance with the delivery deadlines Low quality High quality demand on behalf of the consumers Design of products (production) Compliance with raw material specifications on behalf of the suppliers Design of organization Knowledge management Non flexible working hours Fluctuation of the demand Increased number of aged workers (over 50)

3.4 Workers Problems

The research detected and registered certain main problems which involve the majority of workers in most companies of the industry in India. These are as follows Frequent absences

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Low level qualifications Unsatisfactory remuneration Lack of sense of responsibility Low productivity Low efficiency Lack of skills in relation with the new technologies Sicknesses

3.5 Changed Scenario

3.5.1 Leather and metal Leather and metal craft was in great demand till few decades ago and was exported to many countries in Europe. But because of the gradual degradation of their quality, the exports stopped, and they face a shrinking market. This along with the continuous rising cost of living and raw materials for their trade have pushed these artisans into a cycle of cheap materials, poor quality and still lower price. Leather technology has been one area that Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, focused from 1950 onwards. With the support of UNDP assisted NLDP and under LTM, the CLRI started its rescue operation. CLRIs association with the artisans of Kanpur started with Leather Technology Mission, which looked ways and means of improving the quality of leather, used to manufacture the leather footwear and craft with improved tanning methodologies. This was followed by the NLDP programme, which covered product improvement and then marketing.

3.5.2 Bottleneck Although it would be early to conclude or narrow down the bottlenecks in handicraft industry which are creating havocs, yet following major areas can be easily identified where a through improvement can be brought with the help of this digital empowerment: Visualization of their final products

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Limitations of available patterns Lack of knowledge/skill to use a/v resources Poor efficiency thus very low productivity

However it is our firm belief that we should make efforts of improvements only in selected region of handicrafts, so as to preserve this heritage. Our craft design would be such tool which is ideally bridge the gap between the technology and artisans. The probable features of this tool would be ideally suited to address the short coming in this handicraft and therefore, would be beneficial to all artisans to elevate their economic condition.

3.6 Handicraft Concerns

Inspite of having diversified products, some part of Indian market is still untapped and market is price sensitive. Products are high priced in big and metro cities, which are beyond the reach of people belonging middle and lower middle class. Craft producers have to compete on price, quality and delivery for different segments. There is poor promotion for craft products in national market. There is lack of awareness about new traditions and among craftsmen It is difficult to balance the cultural and commercial value of handicraft products. Inadequate supply chain management and distribution reduces the sectors commercial viability and economic sustainability.

3.7 Lack of Technological support and training

Lack of Research and development for key handicraft sectors like, ceramics, paper making etc. There is shortage of skilled craftsmen and labor to match the competition. Lack of ability to produce in large scale and create economies of scale.

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Inadequate material testing and performance measurement. Inappropriate energy supplies to rural and sub-urban areas. Untapped and inaccessible market due to poor transportation infrastructure. There are inadequate training centers to develop skilled craftsmen.

3.8 Value Addition for Handicrafts

By implementing following model, the performance of Handicraft Industry can be improved and the greater Value addition can be done: Identify the Potential Market Making Effective Business Plan and Refinement in existing business Test Marketing to test the initial potential of new products in market Effective Operational and Technological Up gradation Hiring skilled manpower, provide training and awareness about latest technology and market trends and effective management. Hiring skilled manpower, provide training and awareness about latest technology and market trends. Cost Effective Production; Maintain Quality Standards, and Packaging. Set the Costing and Pricing with Quality taken to be consideration Cost Effective Distribution Development using both Physical and Electronic Distribution Channel (Internet, e-Commerce) Both National and International Market Development for better Export and Foreign Revenue.

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Chapter 4 Handicraft using Information Technology

4.1 From Traditional to New
In the process of design skill enhancement of the artisans the project has come up with number of new designs and vibrant colors. Leather are traditional Indian footwear and normally you wouldnt think that every step you take in them has possibly been made more fashionable through innovative application of Information Technology (IT). Traditional artisans in the remote North UP of Kanpur are finding an unexpected ally in the computer. From shaping better designs, to hawking their wares halfway across the world. The Project is using CAD-CAM facilities available at their design studio at IIT Kanpur to come up with new and innovative designs. CAD-CAM really save a lot of time, otherwise, even to make small modifications, the artisans had to produce entirely new leather craft says an artisan. Though CAD-CAM can be used by the artisans themselves, but they can still tell the technicians what pattern they want exactly. In addition, using Internet connectivity, artisans have also been able to communicate to the designers based in UP and can put them in touch with designers all over the world. The difference since the inception of the project is all the more evident if one looks at variety that has been added to this popular leather and metal craft. The collection is a range of footwear that covers the traditional styles of leather and metal craft adaptation.

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4.2 Cad Process and its Comparison with usual Design Process
Definition of Geometric Model

Definition of Translator

Problem Definition

Geometric Model

Synthesis

Engineering Analysis

Analysis and Optimization

Design Review and Evaluation

Evaluation

Drafting and Detailing

Presentation

Documentation

4.3 Digital Empowerment

The primary focus of the present project is to find answers how digital empowerment can help the handicraft sector. It has been felt that cost-effective design prototyping tools (software) can improve the efficiency as well as productivity of artisan-designer. It has been also felt that present day means of digital communication can help bridge the gap between artisan who are geographically located in remote areas of rural India and the consumers as well as designers who are scattered all around the world. In other word, the economic vitality can be enhanced if not only marketing but also even design information can be transmitted between rural artisans and creative designers. It is felt that the digital empowerment of Indian handicrafts has immense potential to bring along a corresponding economic empowerment for the Indian artisans. 21

Team of Handicraft with Artisans Design automation has made rapid advances in the past two decade. The techniques of wire frame, surface and solid modeling provide a powerful modeling tool for an aircraft or a vehicle designer. The intent of most of these computer aided design tools has been on modeling and automation of the design process. The issue in case of handicraft design is quit different. Automation is certainly not the goal. The priority is for providing tools of synthesis to designers. Using these tools, one should be able to explore new designs.

Artisans training at IITK The second area of concern is the field of design for manufacturability. It is necessary for a designer to see that all the information required for realizing a design is generated quickly. In case of a handloom weaver, it is necessary to develop a pattern of holes, which can be used to make a card that on his or her knowledge base and makes several iterations before a final pattern of holes is approved. Similar situations arise in many

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other applications. It is necessary to provide software tools to handicraft designers in an affordable manner.

4.4 Using Information Technology

Information Technology and using software like AutoCAD to help the artisan to develop, modify, and the most popular leather products in India are footwear and hand bags. The footwear comes in a variety of traditional embroidery, brocade or textile designs. Bright colors and individual designs are used. Our research being aware of it and envisages a learning program also in the line with tool development.

Artisans using AutoCAD software

4.5 Design Tools Deployed

The Project deploys `Auto Cad a Design tool for the modeling. The tool was conceptualized and designed by Media Lab few years ago by a team led by Indian and US Technologists. Dr. Michael Best was part of the team and one of the key champions of development and deployment of the `models for the artisans.

4.6 Tool features

AutoCAD is a CAD program extensively used for 2D and 3D design and modeling. The AutoCAD software was developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc. The original version

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of AutoCAD was released in 1982 and AutoCAD became one of the first CAD programs to run on personal computers. Prior to AutoCAD most CAD programs ran on either mainframe or mini-computers via graphics terminals. AutoCAD now runs exclusively on the PC platform. It was ported to Unix in the 1980's and MAC in the 1990's however it never took off and now targeted solidly at the PC platform. AutoCAD now supports a wide range of application programming interfaces (APIs) for both customization and automation. APIs include Visual LISP, VBA, AutoLISP, ObjectARX and .NET. ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for products extending AutoCAD functionality into more specialist fields such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D, or third-party AutoCAD-based applications. The early releases of AutoCAD featured very basic entities such as lines, poly lines, circles, arcs, and text to create the core for more complex objects. In the 1990s AutoCAD added supporting for custom objects. Today's AutoCAD includes a comprehensive range of solid modeling and 3D tools, but still lacks some of the more advanced capabilities of solid modeling applications. AutoCAD 2007 offered improved 3D modeling, which meant better navigation in 3D mode. It started to become easier to edit 3D models. After the new mental ray engine was incorporated into the rendering process, it became possible to dramatically improve the quality of renderings over previous versions. The native file format developed for AutoCAD (DWG) and the AutoCAD interchange file format (DXF) have become the industry standard for CAD data transfer. Recent versions of AutoCAD have also included support for DWF file format, a format developed and promoted by Autodesk for publishing CAD data. A 2006 estimate of active DWG files in existence is estimated to be in over one billion. If archived AutoCAD drawings are included, the Autodesk estimate rises to over three billion drawings.

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4.7 Implementation
After such a detail case study and analysis the immediate need for enhancing the quality and standardize the sizing system of Indian Leather was very clear. Shoe Design and Development Centre (SDDC), CLRI embarked on the task, sponsored by NLDP, to standardize the leather craft at India with the introduction of relevant lasts and templates. Also the various measures suggested by CLRI earlier were incorporated in the process, improving the manufacturing technique. Once the lasts and templates were developed, two more artisans were invited to CLRI and they were requested to follow the CLRI method of manufacture by providing adequate training of new techniques developed. Once it was observed that the artisans were able to absorb the inputs provided by CLRI, onsite advance training at IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur) was conducted for leather artisans. The artisans have provided with a set of lasts and templates in the computer in CAD-CAM software. The artisans have given training to identified users in order to access the comfort and for wear trials. Based on the feedback from the users, minor modifications were provided to the families. Artisans already trained at CLRI were used as trainers who demonstrated sequentially the various steps involved in manufacture of leather using CLRI method right from cutting of leather up to final assembling using the lasts. The demonstration was carried out using leather available both at UP and the leather developed using IITs method. The programme was conducted in the IIT and even the elderly among the artisans accepted to adopt the new techniques. About 200 trained and some are engaged their own business of leather craft production. The final products were fabricated during the second pilot production. The final products were checked for quality and only those, which passed the quality checks, were accepted for marketing by LIDKAR. As a follow up of the tremendous response received from the artisans for standardization and enhancement of quality of UP leather and Ministry of Textile.

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Chapter 5 SWOT Analysis

5.1 Strengths
Large, diversified and potential market. There is large product variety and range is available because of diversified culture. It has strong, diversified and supportive retail infrastructure. Diversified product range that service different market. Cheap labor rates that result to competitive price. Need low capital investment. There is flexible production flexibility. Low barriers of new entry.

5.2 Advantages and Critical Success Factors

Easy creation and development of production centers. There is no need for macro-investment. Industry provides potential sources of employment. Products are high value added, and handicrafts have various applications. It is the potential source of foreign revenue because of higher export.

5.3 Weaknesses
Lack of infrastructure and communication facilities. Unawareness about international requirements and market. Lack of co-ordination between government bodies and private players. Inadequate information of new technology. Inadequate information of current market trends. Less interest of young people in craft industry.

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Lack of skilled labor. Still confined to rural areas and small cities and untapped market. Lack of promotion of products.

5.4 Opportunities
Rising demand for handicraft products in developed countries such as USA, Canada, Britain, France, Germany, Italy etc. Developing fashion industry requires handicrafts products. Development of sectors like Retail, Real Estate that offers great requirements of handicrafts products. Development of domestic and international tourism sector. E-Commerce and Internet are emerged as promissory distribution channels to market and sell the craft products.

5.5 Threats
Competition in domestic market. Balance between high demand and supply. Quality products produced by competing countries like China, South Africa. Better Trade terms offered by competing countries. Increased and better technological support and RandD facility in competing countries.

5.6 Analysis of Constraints

The aged workers Unemployment issue in the leather and footwear industries in the four South EU counties is a complex and multifaceted problem since there are many conflicting and inter-depending factors such as: ) Development of the sectors ) Production cost C) Competition with Asian countries

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D) Quality of products ) Share of the Market F) Structure of the economically active population in the industry G) Strategies for the development of the Sectors ) Strategies and Practices for the promotion of employment

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Conclusion
The Indian Handicraft Industry stands a unique place among all other industries. It represents the rich culture, tradition and heritage of India. Indias rich cultural diversity and heritage provides a unique and huge resource for developing craft products. The Indian Handicraft Industry is showing continuous growth rate of 20% every year and it is one of the most important segment of decentralized sector in India. Most of the part of industry operates in rural and semi urban areas throughout the country and have large and potential in Indian & International market. Indian Handicraft Industry provides wide range of products because of countrys diversified culture, traditions and heritage. There is huge demand of Indian Handicraft products in international market. Industry provides ample opportunities for employment to people belonging to backward and weaker classes of society. However, Indian Handicraft Industry has the status of cottage industry in India, but it has shown promising growth and evolved as one of the major revenue generator over the years. It has shown continuous growth at the rate of 15-20% over the years and contributes major role for export and foreign earnings. Low capital investment, Cheap and skilled labor, Diversified product portfolio, Flexible Production are few important features of Indian Handicraft Industry. However, Lack of Infrastructure & Technological support, Lack of awareness of international and new trends and Poor Promotional campaigns are a few drawbacks of industry which needs to be overcome. It is estimated that Handicraft Industry in India is all set to grow with rapid rate in future and contribute its share towards economic development handsomely. Labor-intensive in nature, the Indian Handicrafts and Gifts Industry is a major revenue generator of the country providing employment opportunities to more than 6 million craftsmen throughout India. Today it enjoys a strong presence in the world market with a turnover of USD 1.9 billion. It has also shown a consistent annual growth rate of more than 15 per cent over a period of 10 years, with a steep rise from a mere 3.6% to a 10% share in global handicraft exports. Major Indian states that contribute to exportation of various handicraft items are Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. 29

Moreover, popular handcrafted gift items manufactured and marketed from India includes vases, candle stands, Christmas ornaments, pen stands, brassware, papier mache gift items, ceramic pots and handmade paper products in matchless variety and designs. Leather Crafts of India The use of leather had begun for the first time when man hunted wild animals for his food . He realized the usage of leather for the purpose of clothing and others, once his food requirements fulfilled.It got further boost when he settled down and domesticated cattle. Hide from cattle, deer was used to make clothes and footwear. There have been numerous references in ancient texts and myths about the use of animal hides. Ancient sages and ascetics used to sit on deerskin, while meditating. In the past, leather was not only used in making clothes and footwear, it was also used in making caps, bags, saddles, armor etc. India is famous the world over for its leather products. In the rural areas of India, hide from cattle and camel is locally cured and after tanning, it is used to make different items.

30

Literature References

1) Aging problem of Leather Sector in Spain: Field Research, ACTION LINC, Spain, 2006 2) Aging problem of Leather Sector in Portugal: Field Research, ACTION LINC, Portugal, 2006 3) ,.n.coyAging problem of Leather Sector in Italy: Field Research, ACTION LINC, Italy, 2007 4) Aging problem of Leather Sector in Greece: Field Research, ACTION LINC, Greece 2006 5) Greek Observatory for Employment, www.paep.org.gr 6) National Statistical Service of Greece (General Secretariat), www.statistics.gr
7) European Statistical Service (EUROSTAT),

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/employment.
8) http://www.clri.org/ 9) http://www.toeholdindia.com. 10) G Dhanarajan, Objectives and strategies For effective use of ICTs, Chapter-5, Technologies for Education, pp, 58-74, 2002
11) M Fontaine, community telecenters: Enabling lifelong learning, Chapter- 12, Technologies

for Education, pp 158-163, 2002.

31

Annexure

32

Handicraft Project-1st batch (Period from July 6th 2009 to July 31st 2009) -- 4 Weeks

Sl. No.

Name

Address 18/10, Benajhaber, Old Colony,

Qualification

ID No.

craft

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Almunnisha Kanpur Ekta Gautam Mala Gautam Sandhya Gautam Vineeta Gautam Rekha Gautam Yasmeen Bano Kanpur 1/129, New Eidgah Colony, 111/1, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur 111/1, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur 111/1, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur 111/1, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur 111/1, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur 18/10, Benajhaber, Old Colony,

M.A Final High School High School B. Com Final Eight Class Fifth Class Eight Class

2251106149 2251113268 2265600389 2251109469 Applied 2251113261 2251106148

Leathercraft Leathercraft Leathercraft Leathercraft Leathercraft Leathercraft Leathercraft

Leathercraft B.A. Final 2251106016 2265600390 Leathercraft

8. 9.

Laxmi Kanpur Asha Gautam 111/1, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur

Eight Class

33

Handicraft Project-2nd batch (Period from September 14th 2009 to January 15th 2010) --16 Weeks

SL. NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9.

NAME Almun Nisha Ekta Gautam Yasmeen Bano Laxmi Asha Gautam Kiran Gupta Kanpur Mainaj Parveen Rekha Devi Arti Devi

ADDRESS 18/10, Benajhabar, Old Colony, Kanpur 111/1, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur 18/10, Benajhabar, Old Colony, Kanpur 1/129, New Eidgah Colony, Kanpur 111/1, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur 23/20, Benajhabar, New Edgah Colony,

QUALIFICATION M.A Final High School Eight Class B.A. Final Eight Class --

ID 2251106149 2251113268 2251106148 2251106016 2265600390 2251110024 000365 2251109497 2251109472

craft Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather

Benajhaber Colony, Kanpur 16/7, Benajhabar Road, Kanpur 16/8, Benajhabar Road, Kanpur

----

Leather Leather Leather

34

Handicraft Project-3rd batch (Period from 25.01.2010 to 21.02.2010) 4 Weeks

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Name Ms. Isha Gautam Ms. Priti Gautam Ms. Nisha Gautam Ms. Kanchan Gautam Ms. Sandhya Kuril Ms. Rekha Ms. Mala Gautam Ms. Shubhra Jaiswal Ms. Salma Bano Km. Ranjana Km. Roopa Gautam Mrs. Sunita Singh

Address 111/1, Sant Lal ka Hata, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur-208012 111/1, Sant Lal ka Hata, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur-208012 12/5, New Idgah Colony, Kanpur 111/1, Sant Lal ka Hata, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur-208012 111/1, Sant Lal ka Hata, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur-208012 111/1, Sant Lal ka Hata, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur-208012 111/1, Sant Lal ka Hata, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur-208012 17/3, Idgah Colony, Benajhabar Road Kanpur 4/9, Idgah Colony, Benajhabar Road, Kanpur 117/0-20, Gita Nagar, Birihana Road, Navin Nagar-208025 117/0-20(1), Gita Nagar, Birihana, Road, Navin Nagar-208025 C-1/41, Indra Nagar, Kanpur

Education Highschool (Fail) Highschool (Fail) Pursuing B.A. (III) Eighth B.Com. 5th Class Highschool (Fail) Highschool (2007) B.A-2004 M.A. M.A. B.A.-1992

ID No. 2251109477 2251110082 Applied N/A 2251109469 2251113261 2265600389 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

craft Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

35

Handicraft Project-4th & 5th batch (Period from March 8th 2010 to July 30th 2010) 4+16 Weeks

Sl. No . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Name Km. Seema Gupta Km. Astha Trivedi Km. Saima Parveen Km. Shikha Vishwakarma Km. Sneha Sharma Km. Vijeta Singh Km. Sadhana Sahu Mr. Manmeet Singh

Address 25/4, Shakti Nagar, , Poni Road, Shuklaganj, Unnao 265-A, Vikash Nagar, Kanpur 89/345, Dalel Purwa, Kanpur F-385, Gujaini Kanpur F-776, 20 B, Gujaini Kanpur-22 10/218, Khalashi Lines, Kanpur 6/36, Rani ka Bagicha, Purana Kanpur 4A/146-A, Buddhi Bihar, Avas Vikas colony, Majhoula Muradabad-244001 Nanak pura Bank Colony, Near Sardar Ram Singh ki Ata Chakki , Shahpur, tigri, Majhoula, Muradabad-244001 Rajpoot Colony, Hasanpur, sarkari

Education Bsc 2009 Intermediate 2009 B.A. Ist Year B.A.IInd Appearing Intermediate 2009 Intermediate 2008 Intermediate Intermediate

ID No. UPBKI000538 Applied UPBKI000526 UPBKI000566 UPBKI000565 UPBKI000563 UPBKI000547 Applied

craft Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather

8.

9.

Mr. Suveen Kumar Dhawan

B.Com

UPBAC027083

Leather

10.

Mr. Aman Singh

Aspatal Road, New Basti, J.P. Nagar, Amroha-UP Smt. Reena Dhawan, Railway Quarter,

Bsc

Applied

Leather

11.

Mr. Anubhav Dhawan

No. 140-A, South Colony, Linepar, Muradabad-244001 8/7- K.D.A. Colony, Transport Nagar Kanpur-208023

Intermediate 2009 Intermediate 2009

Applied

Leather

12.

Mr. Vikash Puri

Applied

Leather

36

Handicraft Project-6th batch (Period from September 6th 2010 to October 3rd 2010) 4 Weeks

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Name Mrs. Sarika Singh Ms. Priyanka Jaiswal Mrs. Archana Vishwakarma

Address 43/3, Macrawart Ganj, Kanpur 109/27 A, Nehru Nagar, Kanpur EWS 99, Dyanand Bihar Kalyanpur 1/10, Benajhabar, Old Colony Kanpur-208002 25/4, Shakti Nagar, , Poni Road, Shuklaganj, Unnao F-385, Gujaini Kanpur 6/36, Rani ka Bagicha, Purana Kanupr 76/36, Rani ka Bagicha, Purana Kanpur 6/36, Rani ka Bagicha, Old Kanpur L-586, Awas Vikas, Keshavpuram, Kalyanpur, Kanpur

Education 8th Class B.A -I Highschool 1998 Intermediate Bsc.-II year B.A Ist Appearing Graduate Highschool Intermediate Intermediate 2009

ID No. UPBBK0002017 UPBBK002385 UPBKI000564

craft Leather Leather Leather

Km. Disha Sharma Km. Shilpi Gupta Mrs. Nidhi Vishwakarma Km. Sarika Gautam Km. Preetika Ms. Sadhana Sahu Km. Mimanshi Srivastava

UPBKI000535 UPBKI000539 UPBKI000531 UPBKI000548 UPBKI000562 UPBKI000546 UPBBN000882

Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather

Leather

37

Handicraft Project-7th batch (Period from September 11st October 2010 to 28th January 2011) 16 Weeks

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Name Ms. Priyanka Jaiswal Km. Disha Sharma Km. Shilpi Gupta Km. Pritika Ms. Sadhana Sahu Km. Mimanshi Srivastava Ms. Salma Bano

Address 109/27 A, Nehru Nagar, Kanpur 1/10, Benajhabar, Old Colony Kanpur-208002 (Near Idgah Chouraha) 9/13, Gandhi Nagar, Gali No. 02, Poni Road, Shuklaganj, Unnao2009861 6/36, Rani ka Bagicha, Purana Kanpur 6/36, Rani ka Bagicha, Old Kanpur L-586, Awas Vikas, Keshavpuram, Kalyanpur, Kanpur 4/9, Idgah Colony, Benajhabar Road, Kanpur 17/3, Idgah Colony, Benajhabar Road Kanpur (Near Idgah old colony)

Education B.A -II Intermediate BSc.-II year Highschool Intermediate Intermediate 2009 B.A-2004 Highschool (2007)

ID No. UPBBK002385 UPBKI000535 UPBKI000539 UPBKI000562 UPBKI000546 UPBBN000882 Applied ID Card (But not in Leathercraft)

craft Leather Leather Leather Leather Leather

Leather Leather

8.

Ms. Shubhra Jaiswal

Leather

38