01 LV System

LV Electrical Distribution
System
Presented By
Kidsada Santisak
084-700-7802
Topic
1.Basic Concept
2.LV Components (Design and
Select)
3.Schneider Offer in LV
Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008
Topic
1.Basic Concept
Select)
Component in LV system
415 V
In 2500 A
Ics 100% Icu
Service continuity needed
Availability
&
Safety
CB1
In 250 A
In 600 A
Isc 85 kA
Service continuity
needed
Isc 50 kA
CB3
In 800 A
Isc 70 kA
CB4
CB2
50 m
cable
Workshop
Energy
Efficiency
Isc 40 kA
Isc 36 kA
CB5
Desktop
Major Components in LV system

415 V
In 2500 A
Ics 100% Icu
LV Circuit Braker
Service continuity needed

CB1
Isc 85 kA
In 250 A
In 600 A
Service continuity
needed
Isc 50 kA
CB3
Isc 70 kA
CB4
LV Distribution panel
CB2
50 m
cable
Workshop
In 800 A
Isc 40 kA
Isc 36 kA
CB5
Desktop
Energy Management
System
Fault
1.Overload
2.Short Circuit
3.Ground/Earth fault
4.Earth Leakage

Normal

Overload
ZZ

Normal
Z
Z

Short Circuit
Z
Z
10

(a)
L3
L2
L1
L3
L2
L1
(b)
I"k3
(c)
L3
L2
L1
I"k2
L3
L2
L1
(d)
I"k1
I"k2
E
ShortC
ircuitC
urrent
B
ranchShort-circuitC
urrents
inC
onductorsandEarth
a)B
alanceThre
ePhaseShortC
ircuit.
b)LinetoLineShortC
ircuitW
ithoutEarthC
onnection.
c)LinetoLineShortC
ircuitW
ithEarthC
onnection.
d)LinetoEarthShortC
ircuit.
11
2nd
letter
1
letter
st
(earth) (neutral)
TT
(earth)
I
(isolated)
IT
TN
star
:

TT:

TN:
TN-S: N (Neutral) PE (Earth)
TN-C: N (Neutral) PE (Earth)
N (Neutral) PE (Earth)
TN-C-S:

IT:
12
TT
system
1
2
3
N
PE
RB
Id
Rd
RB
RA
IT
system
R3 R2 R1
TN
syste
m
Id
Ud
Ud
TN-C
TN-S
1
1
2
3
2
3
N
PE
C3 C2 C1
RB
13
Topic
1.Basic Concept
Select)
14
LV Circuit Breaker
What are function of LV Circuit Breaker?
Mechanical switching device, capable of making,

carrying and breaking currents under normal
circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a
specified time and breaking currents under
specified abnormal circuit conditions such as
those of short circuit. (IEC60947-1)
15
Type of LV Circuit Breakers

1. MCB - Miniature Circuit Breaker
0.5-125A
2. MCCB - Molded Case Circuit Breaker

15-3200A
3. ACB - Air Circuit Breaker

800-6300A
16
Circuit Breaker

2 .
Thermal-Magnetic trip unit
Electronic trip unit
17
2
1. Thermal Unit. (
Overload)
2. Magnetic Unit. (
Short
Circuit)
18

(Thermal unit)
(Overload)
19

(Magnetic unit)
Short circu
20
...
MCB
multi 9

21
How LV Circuit Breakers work
sensors
MITOP
trip unit
3- The MITOP
(electromagnet) converts the
electrical command into a
mechanical command and
activates the half wheel of
the mechanism. The
mechanism opens.
2- The current is analysed

by an electronic circuit
board in the trip unit. The
electronic trip unit sends an
electrical tripping command
to the MITOP.
1- The current is measured

by current sensors installed
in the breaking unit or in the
trip unit.
22
...
23
Other Technology for LV CB

Electronic trip
unit

(time
delay)
Fault indicator
protect fault
Earth fault, Earth League
Pre-trip alarm

Energy Management or SCADA
24
Tripping Curves

(Tripping time)

25
(Thermal Tripping)
Time in Seconds
1-10
bimetal ()

Thermal
unit
Multiples of Amp Trip

26

(Thermal Tripping)
5
1
27

(Thermal Tripping)
35
10
28

(Magnetic
tripping)
10

Time in Seconds
Magnetic
unit
Multiples of Amp Trip

29

(Magnetic
tripping)
0.02
30

31

Long-time setting
Bimetal
Thermal-Magnetic
Overload

Long-time delay
32
Short-time pickup

Coordination
:

Short-time delay

Coordination
33
Instantaneous pickup

Thermal-Magnetic

(Electrodynamic)

34
Ground-fault pickup

Ground-fault delay
35
Application of Electronic Trip Unit

Thermal image
36

I2t ON/OFF
37

Principles of the ZSI function
38
ound-fault Protection Equipment

(Ground Fault Sensing)
Residual
(CT)
A, B, C

Concept
3 4 : I +I +I +I = 0
3 3 : I +I +I = 0
:
I +I
1
=0
39
Key Parameter to Select LV Circuit Breaker

parameter
display
definition
Rating
In (A)
Must be indicated
on the front of the
circuit breaker
Breaking
capacity
Icu in kA
Must be indicated
on the front of the
circuit breaker
N.B. magnifying
glass effect on
the front of a
device
Maximum current
that the device can
withstand under
specific operating
conditions
Maximum short-circuit
current that the circuit
breaker can interrupt
selection
The rated current determines the

rating (In)
In = rated current: to withstand
the current absorbed by the loads
In > rated current: if derating is
required, according to the
ambient T and installation and
operating conditions (connector
cross-section, temperature,
environment, etc.)
The assumed short-circuit current

(Isc) determines the breaking
capacity
40
Icu = 70kA at 380/415 V
In = 400A
41

How to select suitable Icu?
1.
Must know what is the level of 3 phase short circuit fault at that location. (By
calculation or from drawing)
2.
LV CB at that location must have Icu 3 phase fault level at that location.
DC component
2 root2 Ik
AC component
Ip
root2 Ik
42
Icu
O - 3 - CO
High power test lab
enclosure
making switch
ground fuse
to
"O"
opening test
"CO
closing/opening test
B
A
ON
t1
OFF
Opening, breaking
is closed
to
B
A
OFF
ON
closing
is closed
t1
Opening, breaking
t
OFF
43
Key Parameter to Select LV Circuit Breaker (2)

parameter
Discrimina
tion: Icw
Ics
display
definition
selection
Icw (kA RMS)

Category B
Permissible short-time
current.
On the front of the

device
Icw covers the TED

and It performances
of a circuit breaker
A selective circuit breaker has an Icw.

To be selective, according to IEC 60947-2,
a circuit breaker must have an Icw > 12 In
(Category B).
To be completely selective, it must have
an Icw equivalent to the max Icu of the
downstream circuit breaker(s).
Ics (kA RMS)
Ics is the rated service

breaking capacity given
by the manufacturer.
Ics indicates the ability
of a circuit-breaker to
provide normal
operation after three
short-circuit breaking
operations.
It is expressed as a % of Icu.
It is defined by IEC 947-1/-2. The higher
the Ics the more effective the circuit
breaker
44
Icw = 6kA/ 0.25 s

Ics = 100%
45
Breaker
Ics
?
Breaker (MBD)
Ics = 100 % Icu
(MDB)

Icu 3
breaker
- Breaker
46
= 100 % Icu
Current limiting Ics
DC
component
AC
component
Ip
47
Compact NS
0.002
48
Compact NS
Trip curve
current limit
Isc < 25 In
Thermal magnetic
Isc > 25 In
Reflex tripping
10 000
5 000
2 000
1 000
500
20
200
100
50
STR22SE160
10
20
10
5
t(s)
8
t
(ms) 7
2
1
.5
Im = 5 10 x In
NS250
TM160D
TM16D...TM100D
6
NS100-NS160
.2
.1
.05
.02
.01
.005
dclenchement rflexe :
t < 10 ms
3
2
.002
.001
10
20
30 40
60
100
200
kA eff
.5 .7 1
3 4 5 7 10
I / Ir
20 30
50 70100
200 300
49
Compact NS
roto-active
50
fixed
contact
Compact NS
roto-active
arc
chute
gas
generating parts
housing
chamber
rotary
contact
Fr
gas
generating parts
arc chute
magnetique
U
fixed
contact
Fm
51
MCCB (molded case CB)

Fr
Fm
52

ICE 947-2 2
Category A
Category B
tm
tm
Im
category B :

time delay
time discrimination
Icw (kA)
time delay (0.05 ,0.1 ,0.25 ,0.5 ,1 sec)
800-6300 A
category A :

Icw
discrimination current
discrimination
1-630 A
53
CB2 CB1
CB2 CB1
CB1
CB1
CB2
Icu(D2)
Current discrimination
CB2
Icu(CB2)
Time discrimination
54

If Icw = Icu?
category
B Icw
discrimination
( total
Icw = Icu
discrimination)
Icw = Icu
total discrimination
!
Category B
Icu
Instantaneous OFF
breaking power:
Icu= Ics = Icw
55

Easy way to check Discrimination!
Discrimination table
upstream
Compact circuit breaker
TM-Dn trip unit
NS100N/H/L
80
100
NS160N/H/L
125
160
NS250N/H/L
200
250
NS400N/H/L
400
NS630N/H/L
630
downstream
circuit breaker
multi 9
C60N
Compact
NS80H-MA
NS100N
NS160N
NS250N
TM-D
10 to 25
32 to 40
63
2.5 to 80
16 to 100
16 to 160
16 to 250
56
57
LV co-ordination techniques
Optimising LV electrical distribution through 3

actions at the Protection
Plan Level
1) discrimination to guarantee continuity of supply
2) limitation to reduce constraints
3) cascading to optimise performances
58
Co-ordination of protection
devices
Whatever the fault:

1)
discrimination
overload
short-circuit
insulation fault
only the circuit-breaker located just upstream from the
fault trips
E41139
4 types of discrimination
current
time
energy
logic
59
devices
Technique that allow for the harmful effects of short2)

limitation
circuit
currents
to be diminished
Isc
100 %
Limitation reduces effects of the following type:

electromagnetic: reduction in EMC disturbances
mechanical: reduction of deformation
and/or breaks
I sc
A
thermal: Isc
rise
in
the
life
span
100
% of trunkings
presumed
Presumed
2
transient peak
energy
100 %
Isc presumed
steady peak
10 %
E62650
1%
tsc
Limited
energy
<1%
60
E62651
Isc limited peak
devices
The limiting upstream circuit-breaker helps the downstream
circuit-breakers
to open
3)
cascading
Technique that allows for the cost of LV electrical distribution

to be optimised
E62667
Non priority
feeder
61
CB1
1000 A
CB2
CB2
CB1
t(s)
100 A
Ic1 = 300 A -
Ic2 = 3000 A -
: I < 10 In
:10 In >
Ic3 = 30 kA -
Icc > 30 In
: In > 30 In
100A Ic1
Ic2
Ic3
breaking
capacity
I(A)
62
Current discrimination
Discrimination limit Is = Im(CB1)

Current discrimination Load center,
Consumer unit ( CB1 CB2
)
Ir CB1
CB2 CB1
CB1
Ir CB2
>2
CB2
Im CB1
Im CB2
Ir(CB2) Ir(CB1)
Im(CB2)Im(CB1)
Icu(D2)
>2
Note : Merlin Gerin

Im(CB1)/Im(CB2) >1.5
63
Discrimination
time discrimination

CB2
CB1
CB1
CB2
Icu(CB2)
64
IEC947-2
2
Category A
Category
B
t
m
tm
Im
category B :

time delay
time discrimination
Icw (kA)
time delay (0.05 ,0.1 ,0.25 ,0.5 ,1 sec)
800-6300 A
category A :

Icw
discrimination current
discrimination
1-630 A
65
Discrimination
category
time discrimination
B Icw
discrimination
( total
Icw = Icu
discrimination)
Icw = Icu
total discrimination
!
Category B
Icu
Instantaneous OFF
breaking power:
Icu= Ics = Icw
66
Other Technology for LV CB (2)

Current Limiting and Cascading
What is Current Limiting?
Icc
Prospective Isc peak
A device is said to be
limiting when the current

passing through it during a
short-circuit has an
amplitude considerably
Limited Isc peak
lower than the

prospective shortcircuit current
67

Current Limiting Technology
Icc
Prospective Isc peak
Limited Isc peak
Limitation thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic

stresses of cables, thanks to rapid opening preventing
complete development of the short-circuit
Cost reduction:
Smaller cables for high short-circuit currents
Smaller devices
Smaller switchboard enclosure
Use of the cascading principle
Even our multi 9 circuit-breakers are equipped with
limitation technology thanks to an extremely effective
mechanism
Limitation curves are defined for each device.
68

What is Cascading?
1+ 1= 3
Cascading is the use of the
current limiting capability

of circuit breakers at a given
point to permit installation
of lower- rated and

therefore lower cost
breakers downstream
69

Cascading table
Upstream
Breaking capacity kA eff
Downstream (kA)
C60a
C60N
C60H
Fault at 36kA
NS100N NS100H NS100L

36
70
150
Breaking capacity (kA eff)
15
20
20
25
30
30
25
40
40
Note :
C60a 5kA @ 415V
C60N 10kA @ 415V
C60H 15kA @ 415V
70

Cascading with Enhanced Discrimination
Upstream
Downstream
C60N
rating (A)
NS160N/H/L 36kA
trip unit TM-D
80
100/125/160
<16
20
25
32
40
50
63
30/30
30/30
30/30
15/30
15/30
15/30
30/30
30/30
30/30
30/30
30/30
30/30
30/30
15/30
Selectivity limit
enhanced by cascading
(in kA)
Downstream device
breaking capacity
enhanced by cascading
(in kA)
71
Topic
1.Basic Concept
Select)
72
Ecodial Program for LV Electrical system

design
T1
C1
Circuit
Q1
Tableau
B2
Q3
C3
Circuit
CEP
D4
Q5
Q6
C5
Circuit
C6
L5
L6
Circuit
Q7
Q8
C7
Circuit
C8
L7
L8
Q9
Circuit
C9
Circuit
L9
73
Circuit breaker from 0.5 6300 A

Up to 125A
MCB
multi9
Up 10 100A
MCB
QOvs
Up to 400A
MCCB
Easypact
100 3200A MCCB Compact NS

800 1600A ACB
Masterpact NT
800 6300A ACB
Masterpact NW
74
Easypact: performances
Breaking Capacity
Icu kA at 415Vac
50
EZD400H
36
30
25
10
7.5
EZDV250H
EZD250N
EZDV250N
EZD400N
EZD100H
18
15
EZD250H
EZD250F
EZD100N
EZD100F
Rated
current
In A
EZD100B
15
60
EasyPact 100
100
400
250
EasyPact 250
EasyPact 400
75
Easypact: performances
250 AF
100 AF
kA
IEC-JIS
Nema
400 AF
2.5
10
10
15
15
20
400/415V
7.5
10
15
30
18
25
36
36
50
230/240V
10
25
25
100
25
50
85
85
100
480V
10
18
15
18
25
25
35
240V
25
100
25
50
85
50
85
550V
76
Compact NSX and Compact NS Range

Overview
4 volumes only to cover...
Ratings from 100 to 3200 A

Performances from 36 to 200 kA
Compact NSX 100 - 250
Compact NSX 400-630
Compact NS 630-1600
Compact NS 1600-3200
77
Compact NS
performances
Performances (kA)
IEC60947-2
N
Types of poles
Icu
H
NH unit
LB
L unit
LB unit
220/240 V
50
70
150
200
380/415 V
50
70
150
200
440 V
50
65
130
200
500/535 V
40
50
100
100
660/690 V
30
42
75
0.5 s
25
25
10
19.2
19.2
Break. cap. 240 V

NEMA
480 V
AB1
50
65
125
200
35
50
100
200
600 V
25
50
100
10 000
10 000
10 000
10 000
Icw
1s
Mechanical durability
78
Compact NS
performances
Manual Compact NS
IEC60947-2
630b
800
1000
1250
1600
Performance N
Ics 100%
75%
Performance H
Ics 75%
50%
Performance L
Performance LB
Electrical Compact NS
Ics 100%
Ics 100%
630b
800
1000
1250
1600
Performance N
Ics 75%
75%
Performance H
Ics 50%
50%
Performance L
Ics 100%
79
Masterpact NT/NW Range Overview

Masterpact NW
ACB
2 families, 3 sizes
Masterpact NW
Masterpact NT
4000 to 6300 A
800 to 4000 A
630 to 1600 A
Smallest circuit-breaker !
80
Masterpact NT/NW IEC60947-2 performances
81

SHUNT TRIP
UNDERVOLT RELEASE (UVR)
UNDERVOLT RELEASE WITH TIME DELAY
AUXILIARY SWICH
ALARM SWITCH
HANDLE PADLOCK
KEY LOCKS
MOTER OPERATE
82
Shunt Trip
Coil shunt trip
Voltage

For MCCB
For ACB
83
Undervoltage Release
(UVR)
voltage
under/over voltage relay
Time delay

Time delay
Time delay
Time delay
84
Phase protection relay with

under voltage release
L1
L2
L3
N
Under volt.
time delay
Under
volt.
Good
!
time delay
BAD !
85
Undervoltage Release With

Time Delay
er voltage release with time

delay board Under voltage
Control
86
Undervoltage Release With

Time Delay
87
Auxiliary Switch
For MCCB
(on-off)
For ACB
88
Auxiliary Switch ()
(on-off)
89
Alarm Switch
Fault (Overload, Short circuit)
For MCCB
90
Motor Operate
ON-OFF
91
Handle Padlock
ON
OFF ON
For MCCB
For ACB
92
Key Locks
ON
OFF ON
93
Rotary Handle

OFF

Extend
Direct
94

01 LV System

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01 LV System

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LV Electrical Distribution

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Major Components in LV system

Service continuity needed

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Mechanical switching device, capable of making,

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Type of LV Circuit Breakers

2. MCCB - Molded Case Circuit Breaker

3. ACB - Air Circuit Breaker

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Thermal-Magnetic trip unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Thermal-Magnetic trip unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Thermal-Magnetic trip unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

How LV Circuit Breakers work

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

2- The current is analysed

1- The current is measured

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Other Technology for LV CB

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Multiples of Amp Trip

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Multiples of Amp Trip

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Electronic trip unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Electronic trip unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Electronic trip unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Electronic trip unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Application of Electronic Trip Unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Application of Electronic Trip Unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Application of Electronic Trip Unit

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

ound-fault Protection Equipment

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

Key Parameter to Select LV Circuit Breaker

Schneider Electric- Marketing - Pakon 22 July 2008

The rated current determines the

The assumed short-circuit current

Key Parameter to Select LV Circuit Breaker

Icu = 70kA at 380/415 V