Qass Book
y
,
F:
-.5?=^
..*^^
ca r/
The
Congress
http://www.archive.org/details/libroazuldecolomOOposa
Bosquejos biogrficos de
los personajes
ms eminentes
el
.1918 O'
Bound
by
THE
J. J.
LITTLE
&
IVS
COMPANY
NEW
YORK, U.
S. A.
Yorl>
homenaje
de
respetuosa admiracin
por
el
modesto
p.
p.
I
Dedicator'a
Prefacio
Dedication
with
picture)
iii
Preface Constitution
and Govern-
vii
j
Algunas materias relacionadas con el Ministerio de Gobierno Some Matters dependent on the Ministry of S ate
42
^Data
ment
Bosquejo histrico hasta la sketch up to the Independence
IndependenciaHistorical
Foreign Affairs
50
La Independencia
Proceres de la
12
of the Inde-
Algunas materias relacionadas con el Ministerio de Instruccin Pblica Some Matters dependent on the Ministry of Public Instruction
...
59
pendence
Gobernantes de Colomb'a
15
Materias relacionadas con el Ministerio de Obras Pblicas Matters dependent on the Ministry of
Rulers of Colombia
28
PubUc Works
Ministerio de Agricultura
67
y Comercio
Ministry
of
Materias relacionadas con el Derecho Mercantil Colombiano Matters relating to Colombian Com-
Agriculture and
Polica Nac'onal
Commerce
79
mercial
Law
33
National Plice Forc .... Algunas regiones importantes de Colombia Some Important Regions of Colombia
86
.
88
34
La
regin natural
ms
rica del
mundo
Some
104
115
Most Important
Noted Colom123
139
37
y transportes
Some
Means
of Transportation
Navegacin en Colombia
Navigation in Colombia
39
Mapa
de Colombia
Map of Colombia
Opposite page
195
Departamentos de la Repblica
Departments
Huila
of the Republic
Antioquia
Atlntico
195
495
500
511
255
.
Magdalena
Nario Norte de Santander
Santander
Bolvar
273 299
321
Boyac
Caldas
515 572
627
Cauca
Cundinamarca
340
392
Tolima
Valle del
Cauca
642
American
695 719
^Alphabetical
Index
PREFACIO
Preface
Todos los gobiernos de Amrica se han preocupado de la edicin de libros que abarquen el relato completo de la
historia,
geografa, comercio, riquezas naturales, vas de comunicacin, etc. y que describan extensamente la exposicin autntica del estado de progreso que se haya alcanzado, para mostrar al mundo y dejar a la posteridad una recopilacin que demuestre el estado de florecimiento de la nacin a que se refieren tales publicaciones. El presente Libro] Azul, referente a la Repblica de Colombia, la ms hermosa y rica de las naciones americanas de habla espaola, ofrece al extranjero como al colombiano un extenso resumen grfico de todo lo que se relaciona con el pasado, el presente y el porvenir de este privilegiado Al emprender la publicacin de este pas suramericano. libro se ha tenido en vista el justo anhelo de difundir profusamente una nocin exacta de lo que es la Repblica de Colombia, para cuyo objeto se han insertado trabajos meritorios de sus principales publicistas, historiadores y
All the governments of America have paid great attentiou to the publication of books fully deseribing the history, geography, commerce, natural wealth, ways of transportation, etc., as well as the progress
made by
their respective
and leave
to
el
han prestado su benvolo concurso, contribuyendo as a darle ms autntico valor a esta importantsima obra de recopilacin esmerada. Para dar una ms exacta idea de lo que es Colombia en la actualidad, se incluyen muchas
artsticas ilustraciones fotogrficas.
they have attained. The present Blue Book op Colombia, relating to the richest and most beautiful of all Spanish-American countries, ofers to foreigners as well as to Colombians a fairly comprehensive resume of the past, present and future of that favored republic. The aim of the authors has been to impart exact, reliable knowledge of what the republic of Colombia really is, and for this purpose they have inserted in these pages many worthy writings of her leading men of letters, historians, and geographers. The government, the press, the commercial interests and the whole society of Colombia have lent to this publication their valuable aid, thus contributing to make more authoritative a work of compilation with which, besides, the In order better to show greatest pains have been taken. present eonditions in Colombia, a great many artistic illustrations have been inserted.
El Editor
The Editor
muy
pocos.
Igualmente desempe en los aos de juventud los puestos de Fiscal del Juzgado 1 de Bogot, Fiscal del Juzgado Superior y del Tribunal de Cundinamarca, Diputado a la Asamblea de este departamento en varios En perodos y Secretario de la Gobernacin del mismo. todos ellos revel su inteligencia vigorosa, su probidad
una rara firmeza y el ms extraordinario cumplimiento de la ley, cualidades que han sido en todo tiempo el mejor timbre de su vida y que le valieron desde entonces el aprecio y la confianza de sus compatriotas. En 1895, durante el gobierno de don Miguel Antonio Caro, este distinguido hombre de letras le llam a ocupar la secretara de la presidencia de la repblica, y all prest servicios sobresalientes, intercediendo en repetidas ocasiones por sus adversarios polticos y por la suerte del pueblo. Ms tarde fu procurador general de la nacin, y en este elevado cargo serva a los intereses comunes, cuando circunstancias especiales le determinaron a hacer renuncia de l. Ofrecisele en seguida la rectora de la Universidad Nacional, mas se neg a aceptarla. En el ao de 1898 concurri a la Cmara de Representantes, donde libr sus mejores y ms luminosas campaas Sus discursos de en favor de la libertad y la justicia. aquellos das, verdaderas "batallas habladas," como dira Taine, son modelo de elocuencia parlamentaria, en que la robustez de la conviccin atrae. Pidi y obtuvo del Congreso, mediante esfuerzos incomparables, la libertad de la prensa, que despus hubo de padecer transitorio eclipse con la guerra del 99 y con el gobierno del General Rafael Reyes. Asimismo, solicit otras reformas de importancia. La independencia de carcter y la lealtad de las ideas propias, si bien le valieron enemistades y aun recelos de algunos copartidarios, le granjearon al par nuevos ttulos para el respeto y la admiracin de la mayora de los colomirreprochable,
celo
por
el
The biography of prominent men is a task that properly belongs to posterity, which should judge them, and, free from passion, may better discern the worthy acts they performed for their country. However, it is not always well to leave to future generations the dispensation of justice to public f unctionaries and, besides, there is in some public men real merit arising from their purity, their work and their very life, and not due to chance circumstanc'es or to the fickle whims of the rabble. Such men may well be judged and rated by their contemporaries. Dr. Jos Vicente Concha was born at Bogot. In his early youth he studied for the degi-ee of doctor of law and political seience. Afterwards he rose gradually, filling wilh distinction several offices, from humble jadgeships to the liighest position with which the republic may honor her sons. It eannot be said of him, therefore, that he carne unprepared to rule the destinies of his countrymen, without haviug previously passed thi'ough the triis that political leaders must undergo in all our American democracies. As circuit judge of Zipaquir, in the early part of his public life, he had an opportunity to make an exhaustive study of the natioual laws, which he mastered with rare thoroughness. He likewise filled in his youth the positions of prosecutor of the First Court in Bogot, prosecutor of the Superior Coui*t and of the Supreme Court of Cundinamarca, deputy to the Assembly of this department for several periods, and seei-etary to the governor of the same department. In all these ofees he showed a vigorous mind, integrity, irreproachable honesty, rare firmness and great zeal for the enforcement of the law, which have ever been his great characteristie qualities, and which won for him the esteem and confideuce of his countrymen. In 1895, during the presidency of Don Miguel Antonio Caro, this prominent man of letters appointed Dr. Concha Secretary of State, and in that eapacity he rendered exeellent service, often interceding in behalf of his political opponents, and always endeavoring to promote the welfare He was later Procurator General of the of the people. Nation, in which position he served the public interests, until special eircumstanees induced him to resign. The rectorship of the National University was then ofered to him, but he declined it. In 1898 he was appointed to the House of Representatives, where he carried on his most brilliant campaign for The addresses he delivered in those liberty and justice.
days, true "spoken battles, " as Taine might have said, are models of parliamentary eloquence, full of strength and conviction. He demanded from Congress, and ob-
tained after great efort, the liberty of the press, which later was temporarily eelipsed by the war of 1899 and the government of General Rafael Reyes. He likewise advocated several other important reforms. His independence and his loyalty to his couvietions, althougli they created
to the respect
enmity and even distrust in some of his colleagues, added and adrairation that the majority of Colom-
bianos.
En el ao de 1900, comoquiera que la guerra civil se hallaba en toda su crudeza, y los liberales eran perseguidos en su persona y bienes, el doctor Concha, con sentimientos
war was at its height, and the were persecuted in their persons and property, Dr. Concha, with a nobility which will always remain one of
life,
Department of State, at the head of whieh was General Quintero Caldern, that the property of political opponents should not be interfered with, and that the Executive
should adhere in this respect to the provisions of the 1886 Fundamental Charter, which rules that, in case of war, personal property may be held only temporarily and for
special military needs.
the esteem
honest citizens.
great
chairs
of civil
He
has been
president of both legislativo chambers, has creditably represented his country abroad, and in 1911 was nominated for
the presidency of the republic.
'
en
el
exterior,
y en 1911
se le
Ministro de Colombia. Tocle entenderse con Mr. Nelson Cromwell, apoderado de la Compaa Nueva del Canal de Panam, y con el Secretario de Estado Mr. Hay, y sostener valerosamente, en larga controversia diplomtica, los derechos e intereses de la repblica, de manera especial en lo que mira a su soberana y dignidad. En esta labor, el doctor Concha lleg hasta ponerse en contradiccin con el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de aquella poca, lo que determin su renuncia, antes que aceptar el Tratado Herrn-Hay con las modificaciones propuestas a ltima hora por la cancillera de Washington. En 1909 el doctor Jos Vicente Concha fu uno de los que conti'ibuyeron ms poderosamente, con su palabra y con su pluma y en la accin intensa de los crculos polticos, a restaurar el imperio de las libertades pblicas en Colombia.
Early in 1902 he went to the United States as Colombian Minister. It was his duty to deal with Mr. Nelson Cromwell, attorney for the new Panam Canal Company, and with Mr. Hay, American Secretary of State, and bravely to uphold in a long diplomatic controversy the rights and interests of Colombia, especially as regarded her sovereignty and dignity. In this task, Dr. Concha went so far as to oppose the Secretary of Foreign Relations, and this induced him to resign his position rather than accept the Herrn-Hay treaty with the modiflcations proposed at the eleventh hour by the Washington State Department. In 1909, Dr. Concha was among those who vigorously
and in the press, as well by his inuence in political circles, to the reestablishment of civil liberties in Colombia.
eontributed, both in his speeches
as
A
and
Poco despus represent a la repblica en Francia, y en 1914 fu elevado a la presidencia por el sufragio de los dos grandes partidos polticos, que vieron en l al exponente esclarecido de grandes aspiraciones nacionales. Lo que ha distinguido la administracin del doctor Concha, es el carcter profundamente civil del mandatario,
su amor a la libertad, su singular deferencia a la opinin popular manifestada en el Congreso, y la ms absoluta pureza en el manejo de los caudales comunes. No obstante la crisis producida por la guerra mundial, las rentas no han desmerecido, antes bien algunas aumentan su producto, y los compromisos de la deuda extranjera han sido atendidos con escrupuloso cumplimiento. Del mismo modo, se ha adelantado, en la medida de los recursos fiscales, la construccin de varias obras importantes, como el Ferrocarril del Tolima, el Capitolio Nacional, la gran Carretera Central del Norte, etc. En materia de relaciones internacionales, el gibiaimo ha celebrado diferentes tratados para arreglar los asuntos pendientes con Venezuela y el Ecuador. Pero sobre todo, no debe perderse de vista el prestigio que la presente administracin le granjear a la repblica ante las naciones extranjeras, habiendo continuado el mantenimiento del rgimen legal y el cumplimiento de las
obligaciones del crdito internacional.
in him the exponent The administration of Dr. Concha has been distinguished by his profoundly civil
who saw
popular opinin as manifested in Congress, and the greatest scrupulosity in the nianagement of the public funds. Notwithstanding the crisis eaused by the present world war, the revenues of the republic have not diminished on
;
them have
increased,
made
in the construction
Wagn
Road,
In the
Worthy
of special notice
is
administration, by continuing the legal rgime, and the fulfilment of all international obligations, has added new
prestige to the republic
among foreign
nations.
CONSTITUCIN Y GOBIERNO
CONSTITUTION AND GoVERNMENT
La nacin colombiana est constituida en forma de repblica unitaria. La soberana reside esencialmente en la nacin, y de ella emanan los poderes pblicos, que se
ejercen en los trminos que la Constitucin establece. Los extranjeros disfrutan en Colombia de los mismos derechos que se conceden a los colombianos por las leyes de la nacin a que el extranjero pertenezca, salvo lo que se estipula en los Tratados pblicos. Nadie es molestado en su persona o familia, ni reducido a prisin o arresto, ni detenido, ni su domicilio registrado, sino a virtud de mandamiento escrito de autoridad competente con las formalidades legales y por motivo previamente definido en las leyes. Nadie es juzgado sino conforme a las leyes preexistentes al acto que se impute, ante tribunal competente, y obseris constituted as a central repubSovereignty is vested exclusively in the nation and from it are derived all public powers, which are exercised according to the provisions of the Constitution. Foreigners enjoy in Colombia the same rights that are granted to Colombians by the laws of the countries to which the foreigners belong, excepting such special rights
lic.
vando la plenitud de las fonnas propias de cada juicio. Los derechos adquiridos con justo ttulo con arreglo a las leyes civiles por personas naturales o jurdicas, no pueden ser desconocidos ni vulnerados por leyes posteriores. La propiedad literaria y artstica es protegida como propiedad transferible, por el tiempo de la vida del autor y ochenta aos ms, mediante las formalidades que prescribe
la ley.
En Colombia nadie es molestado por razn de sus opiniones religiosas, ni compelido por las autoridades a profesar creencias ni a observar prcticas contrarias a su conciencia. Es permitido el ejercicio de todos los cultos que no sean contrarios a la moral cristiana ni a las leyes. La prensa es libre en tiempo de paz; pero responsable, con arreglo a las leyes, cuando atente a la honra de las personas, al orden social o a la tranquilidad pblica. Ningima empresa editorial de peridicos podr, sin permiso del gobierno, recibir subvencin de otro gobierno ni de compaas extranjeras. La correspondencia confiada a los telgrafos y correos es inviolable. Las cartas y papeles privados no podrn ser interceptados ni registrados. Slo el gobierno puede introducir, fabricar y poseer armas y municiones de guerra. En todo caso de incompatibilidad entre la Constitucin y la ley se aplican de preferencia las disposiciones consT
titucionales.
Todos los poderes pblicos son limitados y ejercen separadamente sus respectivas atribuciones. La potestad El Congi-eso se de hacer leyes reside en el Congreso. compone del Senado y la Cmara de Representantes. El Presidente de la Repblica es el jefe del Poder Ejecutivo, y lo ejerce con la indispensable cooperacin de los Ministros. El Presidente y los Ministros, y en cada negocio particular el Presidente con el Ministro del respectivo ramo,
constituyen
el
as are stipulated in public treaties. No one is molested in his person, or imprisoned, arrested or detained, or is his residenee searched, without a written warrant from a competent authority, according to legal formalities, and for reasons previously established by law. No one is tried except in accordanee with laws proniulgated previously to the act, and triis must be eonducted before authorized courts and in accordanee with the forms prescribed for each case. Rights legitimately acquired in accordanee with civil laws by natural or juridical persons must not be disregarded or violated by subsequent laws. Literary and artistic property is protected as transferable property during the author's life and 80 years more, in accordanee with the formalities prescribed by law. In Colombia no one is molested on account of his religious beliefs or compelled by the authorities to profess beliefs contrary to his conseience. The exercise of all cults not violating the law or Christian moris is permitted. The press is free in time of peace, but is responsible, according to law, should it attack the honor of persons, the social order or the public peace. No newspaper enterprise may, without permission from the government, be subsidized by any foreign government or concern. Correspondenee transmitted through telegraphs or the mail is inviolable. Prvate letters and papers may not be intercepted or searched. Only the government may introduce, manufacture or own arms and munitions of war. In all cases of eonflict between the Constitution and the law, the constitutional provisions are preferred. All public powers are limited and are separately exercised within their legal limits. The power to make laws is vested in Congress, which consists of a Senate and a House The president of the republic is the of Representatives. chief of the executive power, which he exercises with the indispensable co-operation of the ministers. The president and ministers, and, in every particular affair, the president and the minister of the respective department, constitute
gobierno.
Ejercen el Poder Judicial la Corte Suprema, los Tribunales Superiores de Distrito, y dems Tribunales y Juzgados que establezca la ley. El Senado ejerce determinadas funciones judiciales. Ninguna persona o corporacin podr ejercer simultneamente en tiempo de paz la autoridad poltica o civil
the government. The judiciary power is vested in the Supreme Court, the District Superior Courts, and whatever other tribunals and courts that may be established by law. The Senate exercises some speeific judicial functions. No person or corporation may at the same time exercise, in time of peace, civil and political, or judicial and mili-
tary power.
la judicial o militar.
de-
talladas sus funciones en ley o en reglamento. Nadie puede recibir dos sueldos del tesoro pblico. Ningn colombiano que est al servicio de Colombia puede, sin permiso de su gobierno, admitir de gobierno ex-
tranjero cargo o merced alguna so pena de perder el empleo que ejerce. Ningn colombiano puede admitir de gobierno extranjero empleo o comisin cerca del de Colombia, sin
In Colombia there are no officers whose functions are not defined by proper law or regulation. No one may reeeive two salaries from the public treasury. N one serving the Clombian government may, without permission from said government, accept any ofSce or favor from any foreign government, on penalty of losing No Clombian may accept from a foreign govhis office. ernment any employment or commission to deal with the Clombian government, without previously having received from the latter the necessary authorization. The legislativo ehambers meet every year on July 20th,
Las Cmaras Legislativas se renen por derecho propio cada ao el da 20 de julio, en la capital de la repblica. Las sesiones del Congreso duran 90 das y pueden prorrogarse hasta por treinta das ms, si as lo disponen los dos tercios de los votos de uiia y otra Cmara. Las Cmaras no pueden abrir sus sesiones ni deliberar con menos de una tercera parte de sus miembros. Corresponde al Congi-eso hacer las leyes y por medio de
siguientes atribuciones: interpretar, relas leyes preexistentes; modificar la divisin del territorio; conferir atribuciones especiales a las asambleas departamentales fijar el pie de fuerza crear todos los empleos que demande el servicio pblico, y fijar sus dotaciones; conceder autorizaciones al gobierno para celebrar contratos, negociar emprstitos, enajenar bienes nacionales, y ejercer otras fimciones dentro de la rbita constitucional establecer las rentas nacionales y fijar los gastos de la administracin votar el presupuesto general
las
ellas
ejerce
The sessions of Congress days and may be extended for 30 days more, if it should be so decided by a two-thirds vote of each chamber. Neither chamber may begin its sessions or conduct its deliberations with less than one-third of its members. It is the function of Congress to make the laws, and through them to discharge the foUowing duties: to interpret, reform and repeal existing laws; to cliange the territorial divisin of the nation; to confer special powers on the departmental assemblies; to fix the strength of the
in the capital of the republic.
last ninety
formar y derogar
nacin; reconocer la deuda nacional y arreglar su decretar impuestos extraordinarios; aprobar o desaprobar los contratos que celebre el Presidente de la Repblica con particulares, compaas o entidades polticas, en los cuales tenga inters el fisco nacional fijar la ley, peso, tipo _y denominacin de la moneda y arreglar el .sistema de pesas y medidas; organizar el crdito pblico; aprobar o desaprobar los tratados que el gobierno celebre con potencias extranjeras limitar o regular la apropiacin o adjudicacin de tierras baldas; elegir cada dos aos Designados, primero y segundo, para ejercer el Poder
la
de
servicio;
regular army to crate all the offices that may be required by public service, and determine the eorresponding salaries; to give to the government authorization to make treaties, negotiate loans, mortgage national property and exercise other functions within the sphere of the Constitution to establish the national revenues and assign the expenses of the government; to vote the general national budget to recoguize and manage the national debt to vote extraordinary taxes to approve or reject all contracts made by the president of the republic with prvate individuis, companies, or political entities, in whieh the national treasury may be involved to fix the fineness, weight, valu and denomination of the national currency, and establish the system of weights and measures; to organize the public eredit; to approve or disapprove the treaties that the government may make with foreign countries; to limit or reglate the granting of the public lands; to elect for two years a first and a second designado (lieutenant president) to exercise the executive power in the absence of the
;
;
president.
El Senado se compone de tantos miembros cuantos corresponden a la poblacin de la repblica, a razn de uno por ciento veinte mil habitantes. Los Senadores son elegidos por Con.sejos Electorales. Corresponde a las asambleas departamentales elegir los miembros de los Consejos Electorales en la proporcin de uno por cada treinta mil habitantes del respectivo departamento. La ley divide el territorio nacional en circunscripciones senatoriales de uno o ms, de manera que puedan tener representacin las minoras. Para ser Senador se requiere ser colombiano de nacimiento y ciudadano no suspenso, tener ms de treinta aos de edad, y disfrutar de mil doscientos pesos, por lo menos, de renta anual, como rendimiento de propiedades o fruto de honrada ocupacin. Los Senadores duran cuatro aos en el ejercicio de sus
funciones.
La Cmara de Representantes se compone de tantos individuos cuantos correspondan a la poblacin de la repblica a razn de uno por cada cincuenta mil habitantes. Los Representantes duran en el ejercicio de sus funciones dos aos. Los Senadores y los Representantes son inviolables por sus opiniones y votos en el ejercicio de su cargo. El Presidente de la Repblica es elegido en un mismo da por el voto directo de los ciudadanos que tienen derecho a susfragar para Representantes, y para un perodo de cuatro aos, en la forma que determina la ley. Corresponde al Presidente de la Repblica, como suprema autoridad administrativa, dirigir las relaciones diplomticas y comerciales con las dems potencias o soberanos; nombrar los agentes diplomticos, recibir los agentes respectivos y celebrar con potencias extranjeras tratados y convenios, que se sometern a la aprobacin del Congreso. Ningn acto del Presidente, excepto el de nombramiento y remocin de Ministros, tendr valor ni fuerza alguna mientras no sea refrendado y comunicado por el Ministro respectivo, quien por el mismo hecho se constituye responsable.
The membership of the Senate is proportional to the population of the republic, there being one senator to every 120,000 inhabitants. The senators are eleeted by electoral councils, the members of which are appointed by the departmental assemblies, at the rate of one member for every 30,000 inhabitants of the respective department. The law divides the national territory into senatorial districts, to each of which there corresponds one or more senators, so that minorities may be represented. To be a senator, a man must be a Colombian by birth, in full exercise of his civil rights, be over 30 years of age, and have an income of at least 1200 pesos from personal property or as fees in an honorable occupation. Senators are eleeted for a term of four years. The House of Representatives has one member for each 50,000 inhabitants of the population of the republic. These members are eleeted for a term of two years. Senators and representatives are inviolable in their opinions and votes while discharging their official duties. The president of the republic is eleeted in one day by the direet vote of such citizens as have a right to vote for representatives to Congress, and is eleeted for a period of four years in the manner prescribed by law. It is the duty of the president of the republic, as the supreme administrative authority, to direet diplomatie and commercial relations with all other powers or sovereigns; to appoint diplomatie agents; receive representative agents of other countries, and negotiate with foreign powers treaties and covenants, which must be submitted for the ratification of Congress. No act of the president, except the appointment and removal of ministers, shall be valid unless endorsed and communicated by the respective minister, who by this very
fact becomes responsible.
cised,
The Public Ministry (Ministerio Pblico), shall be exerunder the supreme direction of the government, by I
^
a Proeurator General of the Nation, the prosecutors of the district higher courts, and other functionaries that the law
may ame.
G obierno State
Foreign Affaira
Finance
Emilio Ferrero
Instruccin Pblica
Public Instruction
Treasury
JOROB VLEZ
Obras Pblicas
Luis
Montoya Santamara
Public Works
Agricultura y Comercio
specific
functions.
It is the
to
turben el orden social. El territorio nacional est dividido en distritos judiciales, y en cada distrito hay un Tribunal Superior, cuya composicin y atribuciones determina la ley. Todos los colombianos estn obligados a tomar las armas cuando las necesidades pblicas lo exijan, para defender la independencia nacional y las instituciones patrias. La nacin tiene para su defensa un ejrcito permanente. La fuerza armada no es deliberante. Todos los ciudadanos eligen directamente concejeros municipales y diputados a las asambleas departamentales. Los ciudadanos que sepan leer y escribir, o tengan una renta anual de trescientos pesos, o propiedad raz de valor de mil pesos, eligirn directamente Presidente de la Repblica y Representantes. El teiTitorio de la repblica se divide para la administracin pblica en departamentos. Cada uno de stos es regido por un Gobernador, que es a un mismo tiempo agente del Poder Ejecutivo y jefe de la admini.stracin seccional. Los departamentos tienen independencia para la administracin de los asuntos seccionales, con las limitaciones que establece la Constitucin. Los departamentos se dividen en distritos municipales. En cada departamento hay una coi'poracin administrativa denominada asamblea departamental, que se rene cada ao en la capital del departamento. Estas asambleas son de eleccin popular y se componen de los Diput-ados que correspondan a la poblacin de los departamentos, a razn de uno por cada mil habitantes. En cada distrito municipal hay una corporacin de eleccin popular, que se designa con el nombre de Concejo Municipal. Toda variacin en la tarifa de aduanas que tenga por objeto disminuir los derechos de importacin, comenzar a ser ejecutada noventa das despus de sancionada la ley que la establece. El Poder Ejecutivo forma anualmente el presupuesto de rentas y gastos y lo presenta al Congreso en los primeros diez das de sus sesiones anuales. En tiempo de paz no se puede establecer contribucin o impuesto que no figure en el presupuesto de rentas, ni hacer erogacin del tesoro que no se halle incluida en el -^'^W de gastos. No puede hacerse ningn gasto pblico que no haya sido decretado por el Congreso, por las Asambleas o las Municipalidades.
and administrative resolutions to superand to institute proceedings for crimes and acts disturbing the social order. The national territory is divided into judicial districts, and in each district there is a superior tribunal, the composition and powers of w^hieh are determined by lavp. All Colombians are subject to bear arms vi'henever publie
judicial sentences
vise the official conduet of publie employees,
need requires
it
The nation has a permanent army members of the army do not vote.
ties to
its
defence.
The
know how
Those eitizens that have an anniial income of 300 pesos, or real estte of the valu of IODO pesos, shall
the departmental assemblies.
to read
and
write, or
bers of Congress.
For
ment
the purpose o
is
the republic
is governed by a governor, who is at the same time agent of the executive power and chief of the sectional
administration.
in the administration
by the
The departments are divided into municipal districts. Tn each department there is an administrative body called Departmental Assembly {Asamblea Departamental) which meets every year in the capital of the department. These assemblies are elected by popular vote, at the rate of one deputy to every 1000 inhabitants in the department. In each municipal district there is an organization, whose members are elected by popular election, and is known as the Municipal Council {Consejo Municipal). Every change in the custom-house duties that may have for its object to reduce import duties shall become efective 90 days after the enactment of the law establishing the change in question. The executive power prepares every year the budget of revenues and expenses and presents it to Congress during the first ten days of its annual sessions. In time of peace, no duty or tax may be imposed that does not figure in the revenue budget, or any money expended from the treasury that is not provided for in the expense budget. No publie expense may be made that has not been de,
'
he set his course towards the mainland. Navigating then southward in search of the straits that should let him pass on toward the East, he landed at cape Casinas, now called Honduras, on the 14th of August following. The days that followed were days of worry for Columbus and his men; but on September 14 they reached a cape beyond which they found the sea calm, and fair breezes lled their sails. Every breast breathed an eloquent Gracias a Dios (Thanks to God), an expression by which that cape has been kjiown
ever since.
Columbus continued on
his
las costas.
;
Dos ideas perseguan muy especialmente a Coln buscar paso al otro ocano, y hallar las famosas minas de Veraguas. Dio preferencia por entonces a estas ltimas, porque los malos vientos no le permitan navegar en direccin opuesta, y porque los tripulantes no queran seguir
adelante. diciembre,
En
a la vela el lunes 5 de
of the storms that continually thrashed his ships, so that they dragged on near the shore. fwo main objects had Columbus in view, namely: to search a passage to the other ocean, and to find the famous mines of Veraguas. For the moment he gave the preference to the latter, both because the contraiy winds did not pei-mit him to sail in the other direction, and because his erew refused to go on. For this reason he sailed west-
ward on
leagiies.
diez leguas.
at Portobelo, distant 10
La lucha contra los elementos fu terrible durante unos nueve das. El 17 de diciembre entraron a un puerto de tranquila corriente, cuyos habitantes tenan sus casas construidas sobre rboles. Sacudidos nuevamente por los vientos y sin poder fijar el rumbo, anclaron en otro puerto el da de Navidad. All permanecieron arreglando las carabelas y haciendo provisiones de agua y lea. Los vientos volvieron a variar, y eran tan continuos y bruscos sus cambios, que a veces no se saba qu rumbo llevaban. Cul ms, cul menos, todos aquellos aventureros estaban enfermos. La gota tena agobiado al Almirante. Bajo malos auspicios se presentaba el ao 1503. El 6 de enero llegaron a la boca del ro que los indios llamaban Tebra, y al que Coln puso el nombre de Beln, por ser da de Eeyes. El lunes 6 de febrero ya haban calmado los fuertes aguaceros. Coln pas en las barcas el ro Veraguas, que queda slo una legua al poniente, donde se ve lo mismo que en Beln; una alta cispide domina la cordillera que se extiende al sur, y cuya cabeza "parece exceder las regiones del aire." Razn por la cual le dieron el nombre
de San Cristbal. Arriba del Anclaron el 20 de abril en Portobelo. puerto del Retrete pas por unas islas que llam Barbas, y que hoy son las de San Blas o las Mulatas. Corrieron unas diez leguas, y al acercarse al cabo Tiburn se dirigi El 1 de marzo perdi Coln de vista el a las Antillas. continente que haba descubierto. Pasar en silencio las mil peripecias de este viaje y los sufrimientos que hora tras hora acibaraban la vida del descubridor de un mundo, por salirse esos tpicos de los lmites de nuestra patria historia.
7
On December 17 they entered a port of quiet water, the dwellers of which built their houses on trees. Beaten again by strong winds and unable to set their course, they anThere they ehored at another port on Christmas day. remained repairing their caravels and taking on board
water and wood. The winds changed once more, and so sudden and quick were the changes, that it was impossible at times to tell which point of the compass they blew from. All the raen attack of gout of the crew were ailing more or less, and an was tormenting the Admiral. The year 1503 carne in under bad auguries. On January
6
the they arrived at the mouth of a river called Yebra by (Bethlehem) Beln named Indians and which Columbus in honor of the date.^ -n, i_ n The heavy rains subsided on the 6th ot h ebruary. Columbus crossed the Veraguas river on barges and ascended of an eminence to the south of the Cordillera and the top it reason which for air," the overtower to which "seems
Cristbal. Bethe 20th of April they anehored at Portobelo. which yond the port of Retrete he passed by some islands Blas or Mulatas. he called Barbas, known at present as San nearmg Cape when and farther 10 leagues sailed They On the Ist of Antilles. the for course Tiburn he set his mainthat year Columbus lost sight agajn of the
On
March
land which
lie had discovered. this Useless to mention the hardships and sufferings ot o one every hour was that journey; suffice it to say world. of a discoverer the for bitterness
The
visit of
Mundo.
(Ernesto Kestrepo Tirado, Descubrimiento y conquista de Colombia.)
Bowed down by j^ears and sufEering, his soul poisoned by the envy and the ingratitude of men, Columbus, the discoverer of the New World, breathed his last on the 20th day of May, 1506. (From Descubrimiento y conquista, de Colombia, by
Ernesto Restrepo Tirado.)
LA CONQUISTA
El siguiente relato, extractado de la Nueva, Geografa de Colombia, escrita por el General de Ingenieros F. J. Vergara y Velasco, da una idea compendiada de la Conquista de Colombia: Descubierto el Nuevo Mundo, avistadas nuestras costas al principiar el siglo XVI, y resuelta por Espaa la toma de posesin de los territorios arrebatados al mar, principi la segunda poca de la bistoria de Colombia es decir, la en que har parte de aquella Corona, en condiciones de Colonia, mientras se forma el pueblo hispano-colombiano y alcanza su mayor edad. La poca de que tratamos, aunque cronolgicamente se subdivide en varios perodos, en realidad no comprende sino dos la Conquista y el desarrollo de la Colonia y de ellos el primero, con ser en extremo corto, pues apenas alcanza a media centuria, es el ms rico en peripecias y acontecimientos trgicos y sublimes, inherentes a las expediciones y correras que fuei'on necesarias para ocuparlo real y matei-ialmente e imponer a los naturales la obediencia a sus nuevos seores. a su turno la conquista se desdobl en dos subperodos, correspondiente el primero a la obra de los marinos en el litoral, que ocupa el primer cuarto de siglo, y el segundo a la de los verdaderos conquistadores, es decir, a la de esos caudillos que con columnas siempre escasas en nmero, se lanzan de casi todos los puntos del permetro al asalto del interior, como si fuesen las puntas de las vanguardias de colosal ejrcito, para cruzarse en el corazn de nuestros montes, y en otro cuarto de siglo cumplen la maravillosa obra de esbozar en todos sus lincamientos lo que haba de ser la futura nacin, pi;esto que dejaban sealados los lmites de las grandes entidades administrativas, los emplazamientos de las futuras capitales, y por desgracia tambin los grmenes de las rivalidades regionales, que tanto dao han causado al pas. Las costas de Colombia, desde la laguna de Chiriqu hasta la Pennsula de la Goajira, principiaron a ser exploradas en 1549 quince aos despus ya estaba regularmente establecida la comunicacin normal entre los dos ocanos por los dos puertos de Portobelo y Panam. De 1522 a 1527 se explor la costa Pacfica, quedando determinada la configuracin martima de la repblica. El interior no tard en ser explorado a su turno en 1525 se fund la ciudad de Santamarta, y los pobladores all es;
:
THE CONQUEST
The followiug narrativo is taken from the New Geography of Colombia written by Dr. E. J. Vergara y Velasco,
General of Engineers After the New World had been discovered, our coasts descried at the beginning of the sixteenth eentui'y, and the decisin made by Spain to take over possession of the territories snatched from the seas, begins the second epoch of the history of Colombia; that during which it formed a part of the crown lands as a colonj', while the HispanoColombian race was developing and preparing to obtain
majority. This epoch, although chronologically subdivided into several periods, really comprises onl.y two, namely: the Conquest and the development of the Colony. The first of these, although extremely short, barely reaching half a century, is the richest in adventure and in the tragic and sublime events demanded by the occupation of the land, actually and materially, and the expeditions and incursions necessaiy for the subjection of the natives to the will of The Conquest is in turn subdivided their new masters. into two periods the first refers to the sailors along the littoral, and lasted a quarter of a century while the second deals with the truc conquerore, that is to say, with those leaders who set out from all points accompanied by small numbers of soldiers to conquer the interior of the land as if they were the vanguard of vast armies, and whose paths crossed in the heart of the mountains. Only a quarter of a century^ was required for the wonderful undertaking of outlining in all its details what was to be a future nation, and mapping out the boundaries of future administrativo entities, the sites for future capital cities, and, unforits
; ;
Nevada y los valles aledaos. Pedro de Heredia, Gobernador de Santamarta (fundada en 1525), obtuvo la Gobernacin vacante de la Nueva Andaluca, y fund en 1533 a Cartagena, al oeste de las
bocas del Magdalena. De ese lugar, puesto al abrigo de un golpe de mano, avanzaron frecuentemente hacia el interior expediciones que penetraron hasta Antioquia, produjeron a los espaoles enonne cantidad de oro y excitaron la codicia y la ambicin de los dems peninsulares. Por no ser menos los de Santamarta. cuando Lugo recibi esa Gobernacin, organiz lucida y numerosa hueste, que por la margen derecha del ro alcanz al cabo las altiplanicies de Cundinamarca y Boj'ac. donde tena su asiento el pueblo Miiisca, de costumbres anlogas a las de los mejicanos y de instituciones sociales semejantes a las de los peVencedor ruanos, y que quedan descritas en su lugar. Quesada de los Muiscas, fund entre ellos la ciudad de Santa Fe, que, encaramada sobre la acrpolis andina, haba de ser la capital de 'Colombia. M9)-15G0. - Ojeda. Alonso de Ojeda, que estuvo en el segundo' viaje de Coln, acompaado por el piloto Juan de la Cosa y el italiano Amrico Vespucio, destinado por la
sowing the seeds which have grown into tunatel^', regional rivalries and caused much damage to the country. The exploration of the Colombian coast line, from lake Chiriqu to the Goajira pennsula, began in the year 1549, and fifteen years later, a regular communication was established between the two oceans from the two ports of Portobelo and Panam. The Pacific coast was explored between 1522 and 1527 and thus the littoral demarkation of the republic was determined. The interior was explored then. In 1525 was founded the city of Santa Marta, whose founders visited the Sierra Nevada and the surrounding valleys. Pedro de Heredia, fouuder of Santa Marta in 1525, obtained the governorship of New Andalusia and then founded Cartagena (1533) to the west of the mouth of the Magdalena river. From this place, secured from surprises, freqiient expeditions were made into the inland country, going as far as Antioquia, where the Spaniards obtained enormous quautities of gold, which excited the cupidity of their countrymen at home. When Lugo received the governorship of Santa Marta, he organized a large army, which, exploring along the right bank of the Magdalena river, finally reached the savannas or high plateaux of Cundinamarca and Bo3'ac, home of The customs of these IMuiseas were the Muisca nation. similar to those of the Aztecs and their social institutions very much like those of the Incas. After conquering the Muiscas, Quesada founded right amongst them the city of Santa Fe, that Andean acrpolis which was destined to become the capital of Colombia. Alonso de Ojeda (1499-1500). Ojeda, who had been with Columbus in his second voyage, explored the north coast of Venezuela, going as far as Cabo de la Vela, in tie Goajira pennsula, which was the fi-st known part of the
DI'
COLOMBIA
nombre
al
and by the
New World
in 1502.
Italian Americo Vespucio, after whom the chanced to be named. He repeated his voyage
en la Goajira, primera porcin conocida de nuestro litoral Repiti el viaje en 1502. 1500-1501. Bastidas, acompaado Rodrigo Bastidas. por el mismo piloto de la Cosa, continu la exploracin del litoral, desde el Cabo de la Vela hasta cerca de Portobelo, descubriendo las bocas del Magdalena y la baha de Cartagena, donde pereci de la Cosa. 1502-1503. Coln. Cristbal Coln, recorriendo la costa de Centro Amrica, explor el litoral panameo de occidente a oriente, hasta Portobelo. 1511-1513. Balboa. Vasco Nez de Balboa en 1511 remont el Atrato hasta Murind, y luego, cruzando la serrana del Darin, tuvo la gloria de descubrir, el 25 de septiembre de 1813, el ocano Pacfico. 1522. Andagoya. Pascual de Andagoya, partiendo de Panam, cruz el Pacfico y lleg hasta las bocas del ro San Juan. 1524-1526. Pizarra y Almagro. Francisco Pizarro y Diego de Almagro, despus de seguir la misma ruta de Andagoya, continuaron hacia el sur, explorando el resto de la costa colombiana. Pizarro descubri despus el Per. Interior. 1531. Herrera. Juan de Herrera, entrando por las bocas del Orinoco, remont dicho ro y descubri el Meta. 1533. Heredia. Pedro de Heredia, el fundador de Cartagena, explor la llanura atlntica hasta el ro San Jorge. 1535-1539. Belalczar. Sebastin de Belalczar, conquistador de Quito, como Teniente de Pizarro, sali de ese lugar con Aasco y mpudia, y tomando rumbo del norte, cruz la tierra de los Pastos y los valles del Pata, Popayn y Cauca, hasta Cali. De aqu regres a Popayn, y buscando principalmente salida al mar, dobl al oriente, trasmont el Guanacas, lleg al valle de Neiva, baj por la izquierda del Magdalena hasta Mndez, y sabedor del arribo de Fredermn a la Sabana, ascendi a sta por el valle del RioAtlntico.
Bastidas, accompanied
Juan de la Cosa, continued the exploration of the coast from Cabo de la Vela to near Portobelo, discoveriug the mouth of the Magdalena river and the bay of Cartagena, where Juan de la Cosa perished.
by the same
pilot
Christopher Coliimhus (1502-1503). Columbus, exploring the coast of Central America, surveyed that of Panam from east to west, as far as Portobelo. Vasco Nez de Balboa (1511-1513). Balboa went up the Atrato river as far as Murind, crossing afterwards the mountain of Darin and having the glory of discovering the Pacific Ocean, on the 25th of September, 1513. Pascual de Andagoya (1522). Andagoya, starting from Panam, erossed over the mountain to the Pacific and reached the mouth of the San Juan. Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro (1524-1526). Pizarro and Almagro, after having sailed along the same course as Andagoya, continued their way southward, exploriug the rest of the Colombian coast. Pizarro discovered Per afterwards. Pedro de Heredia (1531). Heredia, the founder of Cai'tagena, explored the Atlantic plains as far as the San Jorge
river.
negro. 1536-1540.
Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, Quesada. Teniente de Lugo, el Gobernador de Santamara, fu enviado por ste, con lucida expedicin, a remontar el Magdalena por su orilla derecha, y en su marcha realiz una de las ms difciles correras verificadas en Amrica. Recorri las tierras de Chimiquica, Chiriguan, Tamalameque y Paturia; cruz los ros Cesar, Lebrija y Sogamoso; en
Barrancabemieja remont
el
Opn,
y,
transmontando
la
spera serrana de los Lloriques, alcanz la hoya del Saravita, por la cual enderez rumbo al sur; pas por Moniquir, Tinjac, mrgenes de la Laguna de Fquene, Gacheta y Lenguazaque de aqu por el pramo de las Ovejeras entr a la hoya del Funza pas por Suesca, Nemocn, Cajic, y Cha esguaz el ro en Suba, y cruzando los pantanos de Engativ (Ingativ) lleg a Bacat, la capital de Muquet, que todos los historiadores erradamente han identificado con Funza, pues tena su solar donde hoy est Fontibn. Despus de recorrer la Sabana de Bogot, que llam Valle de los Alczares, tom la vuelta del norte, ha-cia Tunja, por Guasca, Guatavita, Chocont y Turmequ. De Tunja pas a Sogamoso, de donde regres a la Sabana para fundar la ciudad de Santa Fe de Bogot, dos leguas al este de Fontibn, y encontrarse con los conquistadores Belalczar y Fredermn, con los cuales baj a Guataqu para descender el Magdalena y regresar a Espaa. 1537. Csar. Francisco Csar sali de San Sebastin de Urab, y por la costa oriental del Golfo de este nombre y la Serrana de Abibe alcanz los valles del alto Riosucio, de donde regres a su punto de partida.
;
;
Belalczar, the Sebastin de Belalczar (1535-1539). conqueror of Quito as lieutenant of Pizarro, started from that place with Aasco and Ampudia, and taking a northerly direction, erossed the land of Pastos and the valleys of Pata, Popayn and Cauca, as far as Cali. Thence he returned to Popayn and, having for his principal aim an exit to the sea, he turned to the east, passed over the mountain of Guanacas and, reaching the valley of Neiva, descended along the left bank of the Magdalena river as far as Mndez, where, on learning of the arrival of Fredermn to the Sabana, he went thither and reached it through the valley of the Rionegro. Quesada, Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada (1536-1540). lieutenant of Lugo, the Governor of Santa Marta, was sent by the latter with a fine expedition to ascend the Magdalena river along its right margin. During this march he realized one of the most difficult journe.ys in South America. He erossed and surveyed the lands of Chimiquica, Chiriguan, Tamalameque and Paturia and the rivers Cesar, Lebrija and Sogamoso. From Barrancabermeja he went up the Opn river and then climbing over the steep mountains of the Lloriquies, reached the basin of the river Saravita, whence he wended his way southward. He passed by Moniquir, Tinjaca, along the margin of the lagoon of Fquene, then through Gacheta and Lenguasaque thence through the pramo of Las Ovejas, he entered the basin of the Funza river, passed by Suesca, Nemocn, Cajic and Cha, forded the river Suba and, crossing the mai-shes of Engativ (Ingativ), arrived at Bacat, capital of Muquet, which all the historians have mistaken for Funza because it had its inclosures where Fontibn is at present. After having traversed the Savanna of Bogot, which he named the Valley of the Alczares, he turned northward towards Tunja, going by Guasca, Guatavita, Chocont and Turmequ. From Tunja he went on to Sogamoso, whence he turned back to the Savanna iri order to found the city of Bogot, two leagues east of Fontibn, and to meet the conquerors Belalczar and Fredermn, in whose company he descended to Guataqu to sail down the Magdalena river and to return to Spain. Csar started from San SeFramcisco Csar (1537). bastin de Urab and, going along the eastern coast of this gulf, after crossing the mountaiii range of Abibe, he reached the valley of the upper Riosucio, whence he re>turned to the point of departure. Badillo (1538). This same Csar, accompanied by Ba> From- the dillo retUrned to travel over the same route.
;
"
el sur, y lleg hasta Cali (Lili), donde se encontr en dominios de Belalczar. Jorge Robledo, saliendo de Cali se IJSO. Robledo. dirigi al norte, por la dereclia del Cauca cruz los ros La Vieja y AiTaa, pas por el Valle de Aburra y en el Valle de Evjico fund la ciudad de Antioquia. 1540. Andagoya. Este conquistador, con nuevos recursos, cruz el Pacfico, lleg a la Buenaventura, remont el Dagua, transmont la cresta del Choc y lleg a Cali, aconteciudole lo mismo que a Badillo. 1542. Quesoda. Hernn Prez de Quesada, hermano del Conquistador, sali de Bogot por Tunja y Santa Rosa, fu a transmontar la cordillera, y por Labranzagrande t Una vez en stos, dobl sali a los Llanos de Casanare. los Andes, el pie de medioda por al y con dificultades sin cuento coste el actual Departamento del Tolima. pas el Caquet, lleg a Sebundoy, donde fund un pueblo con los aqu cruz al occiindios Muiscas que le acompaaban dente, transmont la cordillera, entr a Pasto, y de esta ciudad regres a Bogot por Popayn y Neiva. Quesada. Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, de re1571. Espaa, sali de Bogot con lucida expedicin, de greso transmont la cordillera y entr a los Llanos de San Martn, que recorri costeando el Guaviare hasta San Fernando de
;
;
valley of the Sucio river he ascended the mountain of Choc in order to go down the Cauca valley; he ascended the Cauca river along the right bank. Csar having died at Cor, Badillo continued the exploration southward, reaching as far as Cali, where he found himself in the domains of Belalczar. Jorge Bohiedo (1539). Robledo started from Cali northward along the right bank of the Cauca river; he crossed the La Vieja and Arma rivers, passed through the valley of the Aburra and founded the city of Antioquia in the
Atabapo. Bastaron dos generaciones para consumar la exploracin del territorio patrio, conocido con bastante exactitud antes de que terminara el siglo y si los conquistadores hubieran tenido a su disposicin medios menos gi'oseros para calcular rumbos, distancias y posiciones astronmicas, desde esa poca las cartas geogrficas de la Colonia hubieran merecido
;
el
nombre de
tales.
Evjico valley. Andagoya (1540). This conqueror, provided with new resources, crossed over to the Pacific, reached Buenaventura, went up the Dagua river, ci'ossed over the Choc mountains and arrived at Cali, the same as Badillo. Hernn Prez de Quesada (1541). Prez de Quesada, a brother of the conqueror, started from Bogot towards Tunja and Santa Rosa he purposed to cross the cordillera of Labranzagi-ande and to reach the plains of Casanare. Once there, he turued to the south at the foot of the Andes and with great difficulty traveled round what is today the Department of Tolima. Crossing the Caquet, he arrived at Sebundoy, where he founded a village with the Then he IMuisca Indians who had accompanied hira. crossed westward and climbing over the cordilleras, entered Pasto, whence he returned to Santa Fe via Popayn and Neiva. Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada (1571). Jimnez de Quesada, on his return from Spain, started from Bogot with a splendid expedition he entered the plains of San Martn, which he traversed along the river Guaviare as far as Fernando de Atabapo. Summary. The time of two generations sufficed to survey the land of our forefathers, which had become already known with enough accuracy by the end of the 16th And had the conquerors had the use of less century. primitive instruments for ealculating courses, distances and astronomical positions, the charts of the Colony would have deserved such a designation.
; ;
He was born in Crdoba in 1500, where he was also brought up. After studying law, he obtained his degree of Lincentiate and practised in the royal Chancellery. In 1535 he was appointed Auditor of the expedition organized for the discovery of New Granada, by Pedro Fernndez de Lugo, Adelantado and Governor of the Canary Islands, and later, pei^jetual Governor of Santa Marta, at which place they landed together in January, 1536. On April 6 of the same year, Quesada started up the I\Iagdalena river with a company of 800 men, among foot and cavalry, who were decimated by sickness and the hardEight months after, they arrived at ships of the mareh. Barrancabermeja discouraged through so much suffering. and resolved to turn back; but Quesada imposed his will and the march continued along the Opn river, an almost impassable route. The charter issued by Governor Ferto go nndez de Lugo, stated, amongst other things, ". in seareh of the headwaters of the Magdalena river." With the view of making his work a lasting one, after subjugating the neighboring tribes, he founded the city of Santa Fe on the 6th of August, 1538, on the royal site The settlement received, of the Zipas called Teusaquillo. by a Cdula signed at Madrid in July 27, 1540, the title of city of the New Kingdom of Granada, a ame which he
.
.
applied to
all
In April, 1539, he issued the last enactments to crate the Ayuntamiento (city govemment), and busied himself with the appointment of employees, surveying the streets and distributing city lots, before starting on his projeeted trip to Spain, which he realized in May of the same year.
On his arrival at Court he was given a bad reception by Charles V., owing to the bad reports about him rendered by Alonso Lugo and to the unusual splendor of his attire. In 1550 he obtained the title of Marshal of the New Kingdom, and in 1551 he arrived at Santa Fe, where he was cordially received and where he attended to some public
business.
Durante el gobierno del malvolo Visitador Montano, fu desterrado a Cartagena en 1556, con el pretexto de residenciar al gobernador de dicha ciudad. Meses despus regres a Santa Fe y a pesar de su avanzada edad, emprendi nuevas expediciones y ayud a la destitucin y envo a Espaa del mismo Montano. Quesada aparece en la historia como un guerrero distinguido y enrgico, de nimo levantado y espritu organizador. Su figura se destaca como la primera entre los conquistadores del Nuevo Reino de Granada, a pesar de tachrsele de codicioso y cruel. Muri de lepra en la ciudad de Santa gueda de Mariquita (Tolima) el 16 de febrero de 1579, a la edad de 80 aos. Sus restos reposan en la ciudad de Bogot.
tlie
tano, he was exiled to Cartagena with the pretext to impeach the Governor of that city. He returned to Santa Fe some raonths after, and in spite of his od age, he undertook new expeditions and helped in deposing and sending
to SiDain the
same Montano. Quesada appears in history as a distinguished warrioi, of high courage and great organizer. His figure overtowers
above those of all the other eonquerors of the New Kingdom of Granada, although he has been called covetous and cruel. He died of leprosy in the city of Mariquita, Toliraa, n the 16th of February, 1579, at the age of 80 years. His remains rest in the city of Bogot.
LA COLONIA
(1SS0-1810)
Puede decirse que durante poca de la conquista el poder de los espaoles en el pas era absoluto, y que los indios no tenan ms defensa que sus bosques o la intervencin caritativa de los misioneros. Vino luego un gobierno regular, ejercido por autoridades que representaban al Rey de Espaa y que deban Llmase La hacer respetar y obedecer ciertas leyes. Colonia a esta segunda poca de la historia colombiana, y principia a contarse desde el ao 1550, en que comenz a funcionar en Santa Fe, capital del Nuevo Reino de Granada, un tribunal de justicia conocido con el nombre de Real Audiencia. El gobierno lo ejercieron sucesivamente los Gobernadores, Todos estos empleados y los Presidentes y los Virreyes. los que hacan justicia estaban sujetos al Rey, quien era el ico que poda dar leyes.
la
SISTEMA DE GOBIERNO.
gobierno de la Real Audiencia no dio los resultados satisfactorios que se propona la Corte de Espaa, pues la administracin pblica marchaba mal en el Nuevo Reino, resolvi la
el
Como
Corona (1564) crear el cargo de Presidente. Este funcionario estaba investido de toda la autoridad necesaria para hacerse obedecer, porque al mismo tiempo que gobernaba, era Capitn General, o sea jefe de las tropas, y tambin presida el tribunal de la Audiencia. Ya en el trono de Espaa la casa de Borbn, Felipe V, que trabajaba por devolver su esplendor a la monarqua, resolvi erigir la Nueva Granada en Virreinato, y en 1719 se posesion del cargo don Jorge de Villalonga, hombre de
cortsimos alcances, que solo se ocup en informar contra el establecimiento del Virreinato, entidad que fu suprimida en 1724. Restablecida entonces la presidencia, dur esta clase de gobierno hasta 1740, ao en que se restableci definitivamente el Virreinato. EL VIRREINATO. (70 aos: 1740-1810.) Felipe V, el Animoso, reafirmado en sus primeras ideas por el ningn resultado que daba la Presidencia en Santa Fe y en Quito, y convencido de la necesidad de erigir en Virreinato a la Nueva Granada, restableci en firme, al fin de su gobierno, el Virreinato en 1740. En 1803 se posesion don Antonio Amar y Borbn, destinado a ser el ltimo de los Virreyes de Nueva Granada, como que bajo su gobierno estall la revolucin de 1810. Con ms o menos lentitud y dificultades los granadinos se iban imponiendo de los sucesos de la Revolucin Francesa que por entonces conmova a Europa, del mal estado
in 1724.
The presidency was then reestablished and it lasted until 1740, in which year the Viceroyalty was definitively reestablished.
The Viceroyalty. (Lasted 70 years, 1740-1810.) Philip V., the Brave, reaffirmed in his former opinions, owing to the poor results obtained in the presidencies of Quito and Santa Fe, and convinced of the necessity of ereeting a vice-
New Granada, definitively reestablished such a government in 1740, at the end of his^ rule. In 1803 was inaugura ted Don Antonio Amar y Borbn, who was destined to be the last Viceroy of New Granada, since the revolution of 1810 broke out during his adminroyalty in
istration.
donde
The New Granadians were slowly and with difficulty learning of the events of the French Revolution. which was then shaking the whole of Europe, of the bad shape
11
fin, del establecimiento de Juntas de Regencia en las principales ciudades de Espaa, con el fin de organizar la guerra contra el invasor y defender los derechos del sobera-
en
no legtimo. Al Nnevo Reino vino de comisionado don Jos Llrente, y como se convocase una Junta de notables para estudiar sus credenciales, comprendieron en el acto los granadinos con cunta injusticia se les trataba al no concederles sino un Diputado, nombrado por el ViiTey, a pesar de lo cual generosamente entregaron medio milln de pesos, con el que regres Llrente a los pocos das. En diciembre de 1808 los quiteos quisieron organizar una Junta a semejanza de las de Espaa, y aunque los principales factores del movimiento fueron descubiertos y apresados, los otros, encabezados por el IMarcjus de Salvaalegre, depusieron al Presidente Conde Ruiz de Castilla (10 de agosto de 1809) y a las dems autoridades de la ciudad. La Junta revolucionaria de Quito llam a las Provincias para que la secundaran en la tarea de defender los derechos del Rey, y si algunas le oyeron y obedecieron, Cuenca y Guayaquil, Pasto y Popayn, se pusieron en armas para atacar a los quiteos. El Virrey al saber lo ocurrido en Quito, convoc de nuevo la Junta de notables, en la cual los americanos declararon que en Bogot deba hacerse otro tanto. Irritados los patriotas con la conducta del Virrey, hicieron que el Cabildo elevase al Monarca un elocuente memorial para pedirle la igualdad en la diputacin, y derecho para organizar la defensa del pas, dejndole entrever (lue una denegacin de justicia sera cau.sa de ruptura, como en
efecto lo fu.
El Virrey, continuando con sus medidads inconsultas, haca reducir a prisin a muchos granadinos notables, slo por sus opiniones polticas.
Los vientos de tempestad conmovan ya todo el pas; por dondequiera Cabildos y Gobernadores estaban en pugna; Pamplona y el Socorro deponan a sus corregidores, no siij sangre en este ltimo lugar; Caracas se haba sublevado, y el comisario regio, don Antonio Villavieencio, a su llegada a Cartagena apoy al Cabildo contra el Gobernador, que fu depuesto.
of the Spanish Monarchy, of the raisrule in the mother country, where a favorite made free with the treasure and the honor of the Crown; they also learned of the abortivo uprising of General Miranda, who landed in Venezuela in 1803 of the abdieation of the Spanish King and finally of the organization of the Boards of Regency in the principal cities of Spain for the purpose of organizing a v^ar against the invader and defending the rights of the legitmate sovereign. Jos Llrente was sent to the New Kingdom as a Commissioner of the King. meeting of notables convened in order to look up his ci'edentials ; but the inhabitants of New Granada understood right away the unjust treatment given them when they saw that they were only granted one deputy, appointed by the Viceroy nevertheless, they generously gave half a million pesos, wliich money was used by Llrente for his return a few days after. In Deeember, 1808, the inhabitants of Quito tried to organize a Board similar to the one in Spain, and although the principal leaders of the movement were discovered and imprisoned, others, headed by the Marquis of Salvaalegre, depased the President, Count Ruiz de Castilla (August 10, 1809^ and also the other ofScers of the city. The revolutionary board of Quito called on the other Provinces to support it in its task of defending the rights of the King, and although some' responded, yet, on the other hand, the Provinces of Cuenca and Guayaquil, Pasto and Popayn rose in arms to attack Qviito. The Viceroy, on learning what liad happened at Quito, convened a new Board of Notables at which the Americans declared that the same should be done at Bogot. The patriots, being angry at the conduct of the Viceroy, had the Municipal Council write an eloquent memorial to the nionarch demanding equal representation of deputies and the right to organizo the defense of the country, letting him understand that a denial of justiee would cause a rupture, as actually happened. As the Viceroy persisted in his unwise measures, he im]irisoned many prominent Granadians merely for their political opinions. The stoiTii of revolt was already blowing over all the country; aldermen and governors were at odds all around. The cities of Pamplona and Socoito deposed their mayors, Caracas was not without bloodshed in the latter place. up in anns, and the Royal Commissary, Don Antonio Villavieencio, on his arrival at Cartagena, supported the Council against the Governor, who was deposed.
;
LA INDEPENDENCIA
The -Independence
LA REVOLUCIN. Los patriotas de Santa Fe concibieron diferentes planes para hacer la revolucin, y resolvieron aprovechar la llegada a la capital del comisario regio don Antonio Villavieencio, quien haba apoyado en
les
el movimiento revolucionario, y por ese motivo inspiraba confianza; pero la exaltacin de los nimos era tan grande, que en el inolvidable da del 20 de julio de 1810 estall la revolucin, cuando an no haba llegado
Cartagena
Villavieencio. El incidente que precipit los sucesos se origin as: un criollo fu, a eso de las once del da, a la tienda del espaol Jos Gonzlez Llrente (situada en la primera calle real, nmero 394, carrera 7a, donde se fij en los festejos del
primer centenario de la Independencia una placa de mrmol blanco conmemorativa), con el objeto de que le prestasen un florero para adornar la mesa en el refresco que se iba a dar en honor de don Antonio Villavieencio; Llrente, el chapetn (nombre ste que se daba a los espaoles), que odiaba a los americanos, pronunci palabras ofensivas a
12
The Santa Fe patriots conceived various plans to begin the revolution, and decided to take advantage of the arrival at the capital of Royal Commissary Don Antonio Villavieencio, who had supported the revolutionary movement in Cartagena, and was therefore trusted by the patriots. However, passion ran so high, that the revolution broke out on the memorable Twentieth of July, 1810, befo re the The incident that precipitated arrival of Villavieencio. the event was the following. About 11 o'clock in the morning a criollo (native) went to the Spaniard Jos Gonzlez Llrente 's shop, situated on the Calle Real (Carrera 7a, No. 394, where during the festivities of the First Centenary of the Independence a commemorative white-marble pate was placed) to borrow a flower vase to adorn the table at a luncheon that was to The be given in honor of Don Antonio Villavieencio. chapetn Llrente (the natives eontemptuously applied the term chapetn to all Spaniards), who hated the Americans, *said something offensive against them; whereupon Don
el
en el extremo norte del costado occidental de la plaza (hoy de Bolvar), pidiendo un cabildo abierto donde pudieran hacerse or los individi;os que quisieran hablar para defender sus derechos. El Virrey Amar, aterrado con tal situacin, convino solamente en que se reuniese un cabildo extraordinario presidido por el Oidor don Juan Jurado; pero el pueblo invadi la sala de la casa consistorial que se levantaba sobre la plaza en el extremo opuesto al palacio, y a pesar de la voluntad del mandatario espaol, comenz
el
cabildo abierto.
Los patriotas inteligentes que dirigan la revolucin, aprovecharon la energa del pueblo, y contando con que parte de la tropa no obrara en contra, resolvieron que en el cabildo se procediese a formar una Junta de Gobierno. Despus de una agitadsima discusin, que se prolong hasta hora muj' avanzada de la noche, acord al fin el cabildo que se formase la Junta y dispuso elegir vocales o miembros de ella, por aclamacin popular, lo cual se hizo, siendo nombrados por la muchedumbre de cerca de diez mil almas. Don Jos de Acevedo y Gmez, que con su elocuencia y entusiasmo haba electrizado al pueblo, fu uno de los vocales aclamados. Estimaron conveniente los patriotas que el Presidente de la Junta fuera el mismo Virrey Amar, y Vicepresidente don Jos Miguel Pey, quien en el momento ocup el puesto. As qued consumado el movimiento poltico, y la Junta Suprema del Nmevo Reino de Granada tuvo que ser reconocida por las autoridades espaolas.
que tomaron parte en los debates para obtener de la Junta Suprema, son inolvidables y acreedores a eterna gratitud, Camilo Torres, Miguel Pombo y Jos de Acevedo y Gmez, conocido ste con el nombre de Tribuno del pueblo. En medio de la mayor confusin. Acevedo y Gmez avanz al centro de la sala, pronunci un valiente discurso declarando reo de traicin al que se opusiese a que se instalara la Junta, y luego se asom al balcn y areng al pueblo que llenaba la plaza, con estas memorables palabras: "Si perdis este momento de efervescencia y calor, si dejis escapar esta ocasin nica y feliz, antes de doce horas seris tratados como insurgentes. Ved (dijo sealando el edificio de la crcel) los calabozos, los grillos y las cadenas que os esperan." El movimiento grandioso y fecundo de la revolucin del 20 de julio qued consignado en un acta, en que se reconoca como monarca del Nuevo Reino al de E.spaa, Fernando VII, siempre que viniera a Santa Pe a gobernar. La Junta Suprema seguira ejerciendo el gobierno mienEl acta original del 20 tras se dictaba una Constitucin. de julio se consei-vaba en el archivo del Concejo Municipal de Bogot, pero por desgracia la destruy el incendio del antiguo edificio de Las Galeras (plaza de Bolvar), ocurrido en 1900, y slo queda la copia de ella tomada anteriormente. El da 21 de julio ocurri un suceso notable. Entusiasmado el pueblo, se dirigi al antiguo convento de los Capuchinos, donde estaba preso haca algunos meses, por motivos polticos, el Cannigo doctor Andrs Rosillo, quien haba sido aclamado por la muchedumbre vocal de la Junta lo sac de la prisin y lo llev en triunfo a la casa consistorial. Este hecho produjo gran regocijo los balcones y ventanas de las calles que recorrieron los libertadores y
Entre
los
la instalacin
Marales, who were present, Severa! passers-by crowded at the door of the shop, yelling and threatening. The news spread quickly; people met in groups, soon swelled by many marketers from the main plaza, it being Friday, -svhich was market day; and the populace began the cry of "Down with the chapetones." Niglit added to the excitement. The church bells rang the fire-alarm, which brought to the scene the inhabitants of the farthest parts of the city; and the people, armed with Steel weapons, rushed to the vieeroy's palace, on the northwestern comer of the plaza (now Plaza de Bolvar), asking for a public session of the "cabildo" (town council), where all those wishing to defend their rights might speak. Viceroy Amar, terrified bj' the situation, granted only an extraordinary session of the cabildo, presided over by Oidor ( Judge of the Royal Audience) Don Juan Jurado. The people then iuvaded the town hall at the opposite end of the plaza, and, overniling the Spanish officials, started the desired public session. The intelligent patriots that directed the revolution took advantage of the enthusiasm of the people, and, assuming that some of the army would not oppose them, decided that the cabildo should proceed to form a governing board (jimia). After an excited discussion, which was prolonged until late at night, the cabildo approved the creation of the board, and its members were eleeted by the popular ace]a:mation of 10,000 participants. Don Jos de Acevedo y Gmez was one of the members tlius eleeted. The patriots thought it advisable that the president of the board should be Viceroy Amar, and that the vice-president should be Don Jos Miguel Pey, who at once took possession. Thus was con.summated the gi-eat political upheaval, and the Supreme Board of the New Kingdom of New Granada {Junta Suprema del Nuevo Reino de Granada) liad to be recognized by the Spanish authorities. Among those who took part in the debates to install the Supreme Board, Camilo Torres, Miguel Pombo and Jos de Acevedo y Gmez, the last of whom was known as "the people 's tribune, " are worthy of the everlasting gratitude of the Colombian people. In the midst of the greatest confusin, Acevedo y Gmez, stepping into the middle of the room, delivered a brave address branding as a traitor anyone who should oppose the formation of the board, and then he stepped on the balcony and addressed to the people, who filled the square, these memorable words: "If j^ou lose this moment of patriotic efl:er\'escence and heat if you let this unique and auspicious occasion go by, you will before twelve hours be treated as rebels. There (poiuting to the jail) are the dungeons, the stocks and the chains that await you." The grand and fruitful revolutionary movement of the 20th of July was perpetuated in an official act. in which Ferdinand VIL was recognized as the ruler of the New Kingdom of Spain, provided he should come to Santa Fe to It was decided that the Supreme exercise his functions. Board should continu to goverii until a Constitution should be promulgated. The original act of the 20th of July was preserved in the archives of the ]\Iunicipal Council of Bogot, but unfortunately was destroyed by fire in 1900, and today only a copy of it remains. On the 21 st of July, an important event took place. TJie people, full of enthusiasm, went to the od Capuchin convent, where during several months, and for political reasons. Canon Andrs Rosillo liad been imprisoned. He had been acclairaed by the people a meraber of the Supreme Board. He was removed from the prison and carried in triumph to the town hall. This event caused great rejoicThe halconies and windows on the way of the libering. ators and the honorable priest were adornedwitli hangings and flowers, and the men wore on their hats bands with "Long'live the Supreme Board." The the inscription memoiy of this event has been perpetuated by a monument
Francisco and
fell
Don Antonio
upon him
to
punish him.
13
los
Canon
It
was imprisoned. be said that the people of Santa Fe, and not the Supreme Board, exercised the government during the first days that followed the 20th of July for they often met in the plaza to petition the Board, which always complied with their demands. In this way the people accomplished the imprisonment of some high Spanish officials, and as Viceroj' Amar did not inspire confidence, the people succeeded later in having him and his wife also put in prison. In the month of August, Amar y Borbn and his wife Doa Francisca Villanova, having been exiled by order of the Supreme Board, left Bogot for Cartagena, whence they afterwards went to Spain. With the exile of Amar, and several energetie measures of the Board, the disorders eaused by the constant petiRosillo
may
an end.
direeted
propio e independiente del de las otras. De todas ellas, slo cinco atendieron la invitacin hecha por la Junta Suprema, mandaron sus diputados a la capital y stos for-
maron
(1810).
el
primer Congreso, que se reuni en diciembre El Congreso dur dos meses en sus labores.
New Kingdom, and invited them to send each a delgate to Santa Pe, in order to establish a general government for the whole However, the provinces, instead of joining to country. form such government, proclaimed federalism, that is, tliat each province should have its own government, independent of that of the others. Only five provinces heeded the invitatiou extended bj- the Supreme Board; they sent their delgales to the capital, and these delegates formed the first congress, which met in December, 1810, and continued its work for two months.
its
MONUMENTO DE LA BATALLA DE
BOYAC
A dos leguas al occidente del pueblo de Boyac, en departamento de este nombre, sobre el ro Teatinos, est puente que dio inmortal nombre a la historia de Colombia por la batalla del
7 de agosto de 1819.
el
el
BATTLE-OF-BOYACA
MONUMENT
Two leag-iies east of the town of Boyac, in the department of the same ame, and on the Teatinos i'iver, is situated tlie bridge where the battle fought on August 7, 1819, gave immortality
to the history of
Colombia.
testimonio de gratitud a Bolvar, Santander, Anzotegui, Rondn y dems patriotas que libraron la batalla del puente de Boyac, con la cual se afirm la independencia de cinco naciones, se construy en el mismo punto donde se decidi la batalla, un obelisco de 2-1 metros de altura, de arenisca blanca. La arenisca del obelisco se extrajo de una enorme piedra desde la cual Bolvar dirigi la batalla. En la cara del frente se halla el escudo de Colombia y est grabado este pensaChoquehuanca miento del doctor "Bolvar! con los siglos crecer vi;estra gloria, como crecen las sombras cuando el sol declina." Sobre la cara principal est colocado un busto de Bolvar. El monumento est rodeado de un pequeo jardn, en donde se ven los estribos del antiguo puente de
Como
As a token
Santander,
otlier
of gratitude to Bolvar,
Anzotegui, Rondn and that fought at the Boyac bridge, where the independence of five nations was decided, a white sandstone obelisk, 24 meters
patriots
The stone extraeted from a large rock from which Bolvar direeted the battle. The front face jcontains the Colombian coat of arms, and this sentence by Dr. Choquethere.
high,
was erected
for the
monument was
Bolvar thy glory will grow with the centuries, as the shade grows as the sun declines." The column is si;rmounted by a bust of Bolvar. The monument is surrounded by a small garden, where the abutments of the od Boyac bridge may still be
:
huanca
'
'
Boyac.
seen.
14
PROCERES DE LA INDEPENDENCIA
WORTHIES OF THE InDEPENDENCE
SIMN BOLVAR
Simn Bolvar was born iu Caracas on July 24, 1783, Naci en Caracas en 24 de julio de 1783 y muri en San and died at San Pedro Alejandrino, near Santa JMarta, Pedro Alejandrino, cerca de Santa Marta, en 17 de diciemDecember 17, 1830. His parents, both Fu hijo de don Juan bre de 1830. CltTEMlilO Di H InDEPfNOECIA DE COLOMBIA 1910 1810 of noble stock, were Don Juan Vicente Vicente y de Doa Mara de la ConcepBolvar and Doa Mara de la Concepnoble alcurnia. de ambos cin Palacios, cin Palacios. Having been left an orHurfano en edad muy temprana, Bolphan at an early age, he was educated el su to casa de var fu educado en at the home of his nele, the IMarquis de marqus de Palacios, quien le envi Palacios, who later sent him to Europe ms tarde a Europa, para que compleIn Madrid he to finish his studies. En Madrid tase all su instruccin. Teresa Toro, a Mara Doa married soToro, cas con doa Mara Teresa nieee of the Marquis del Toro, and then brina del marqus del Toro, y volvi a returned to Venezuela, where shortly Venezuela, donde perdi a poco tiempo
Emprendi despus un segundo viaje a Europa (1803) visitando a Eoma, jur en el monte Aventino libertar a su patria, y a fines de
su esposa.
;
afterwards he lost his wife. Later he started on a second trip to Europe (1803). While at Rome, he swore on the Aventine Hill to librate his country. He returned to Venezuela in 1805. 1805 regres a ella. Ya en Caracas, Being in Caracas in 1810, he was one of Bolvar fu uno de los ms entusiastas the most enthnsiastic supporters of the por la revolucin que estall all en revolution that broke out there in that abril de 1810 nombrado coronel, prest year. Having been appointed a colonel, importantes servicios, pero cuando los he rendered important serviees. When, espaoles emprendieron con xito la however, the Spaniards undertook tlieir campaa de Venezuela, tuvo la dessuccessful Venezuelan campaign, he gracia de perder la plaza de Puerto had the misfortune of losing Puerto nOI.lVAK I^IKKRTAIOK Cabello a consecuencia de la traicin Cabello through the treason of the del oficial Francisco Fernndez Vinoni. He then left Veneofficer Francisco Fernndez Vinoni. Entonces abandon a Venezuela y fu a Cartagena a luchar zuela and went to Cartagena to fight for the independenee por la independencia de la Nueva Granada. of New Granada. The government of Cartagena utilized the serviees of El gobierno de Cartagena aprovech los servicios de Bolvar, who in a short and brilliant campaign liberated Bolva', quien en una corta y brillante campaa libert the lower Magdalena, then occupied by the Spaniards with el bajo Magdalena, que ocupaban los espaoles con sus their boats. Afterwards, with the eonsent of the president buques; despus, con el permiso del presidente de aquel of that State, he marched on Ccuta, where he defeated the estado, march sobre Ccuta, donde se hallaba el jefe Spanish commander Don Ramn Correa. Having accomespaol don Ramn Correa, a quien derrot. Conseguida plished the liberation of the rich valleys of Cuenta, he set la libertad de los ricos valles cuntenos, Bolvar se dedic about preparing- a campaign to free Venezuela from the a preparar la campaa para librar a Venezuela de los He was authorized by the president of the royalists. realistas; obtuvo autorizacin del Presidente de las ProUnited Provinoes to take with him the necessary troops and vincias Unidas para llevar fuerzas y recursos necesarios elements, and in May, 1813, he started for Venezuela. con aquel fin, y en mayo de 1813 se dirigi a Venezuela. After a series of successful battles, he finally raade his Tras una serie de afortunados combates, pudo, finaltriumphant entrance into the city of Caracas, on August mente, al frente de una columna, hacer su entrada triunfal There he proclaimed himself dictator of the 4, 1813. en Caracas (4 de agosto de 1813), donde se proclam dicwestern regin of Venezuela. However, he did not sucNo logr, tador de la regin occidental de Venezuela. ceed in keeping the fruits of his vietories, and his atsin embargo, consolidar el triunfo, y los intentos de constempts to found an independent state were frustrated tituir el estado independiente quedaron imposibilitados by the reverses -of the other defenders of the cause. Genpor los descalabros de sus defensores. El General Boves junio de eral Boves defeated them at La Puerta, on June 11, 1814, los derrot en los campos de La Puerta (11 de and entered Caracas a month later. The leader of the 1814) y entr en Caracas al cabo de un mes. El caudillo left for Cartagena, and extended the insurindependenee de la independencia march a Cartagena y extendi el However, he rection to the provinee of Cundinamarca. alzamiento a la provincia de Cundinamarca, pero tuvo que having been his forces struggle, the abandon to had again renunciar de nuevo a la lucha, arrolladas sus fuerzas por defeated by those of the Spaniards, which had received las tropas espaolas, que haban recibido refuerzos al mando 'reenforcements commanded by General Morillo (March, del General Morillo (marzo 1815). Refugise en Jamaica, 1815). Bolvar found refuge in Jamaica, whenee he went de donde pas a Hait y prepar otra campaa, que inici to Hayti to prepare another campaign, which he initiated con el desembarco en la isla de Margarita (diciembre, 1816). by landing on the island of Margarita in December of Durante los aos de 1817 a 1818 logr importantes ventajas 1816. During the years 1817 and 1818 he won important para su causa, y as lleg al 15 de febrero de 1819, en que vietories for his cause, and so, on February 15, 1819, the el Congreso de Angostura le invisti con el mando suAngostura Congress invested him with the supremo compremo de las fuerzas revolucionarias. Despus de los vicAfter the vietories of of the revolutionary forces. mand primera Bo.yac, proclam la Tunja toriosos combates de y Tunja and Bayac, he proclaimed the fi-st Republic of Repblica de Colombia, cuyo territorio se dividi ms
;
15
Colombia, the territory of which was later (1831) divided into the Republics of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. However, it was not until June of 1821 that the decisive battle of Calabozo was fought, and the war continued until 1824, when the territory was evacuated by the Spanish forces. On August 30, 1821, the Constitution of Colombia was promulgated, and Bolvar elected president. He immediatel}^ set out to direct the campaign for the independence of Per, where he was made dietator in 1824. Upper Peini became a seprate state, and assumed the ame Bolivia (1825) in honor of the Liberator, as Bolvar is known in America, at the same time aeclaiming him "perpetual protector." Then began the dissensions that were to be the constant worry of Bolvar and that caused the explusiou of the Colombian troops. In 1828 he was again made president of Colombia, and in 1829 Venezuela definitively seeeded. Bolvar, annoyed at the charges of ambition made against liim, when in reality his only ambition was the good of his country, wished to withdraw entirely from public life but at the same time he understood that those new republics eould not be ruled except by an iron hand that could Calumny continued to control so many violent passions. l)e piled upon him, opposition to him became every day more bitter, and he was considered as a tyrant and a heartless
man.
its result. On the night of Septeraber 25, 1828, there appeared at Bolvar 's palace a group of about twenty-five men, who killed the sentinels and entered the president 's rooms. He, having been advised by a trusty person, had time to jump out of one of the windows and seek refuge in the outskirts of the city. After that, the Liberator 's star began to decline. His
men produced
generosity and patriotism were not understood by those who surrounded him and were hostile to him. Tlie measures adopted after the eonspiracy enhanced The Peruvian republicans deanimosity and distrust. While ca red war on Bolvar, but they were soon subdued. he was absent conducting the war against Per, an assembly met at Caracas, and decreed the separation of Venezuela and Bolivia, appointing Pez president of Venezuela. In Colombia, although the Senate declared for the In Liberator, there were severa! uprisings against him. January, 1830, he resigned his office for the fifth time, and he was again entreated to withdraw his resignation. He then marched against Pez and the Venezuelan separatists with the intention of subduing them. However, during his absence the majority of Congress, consisting of his opponents, accepted his resignation, voting to him a pensin of $3,000 per year and expelling him from Venezuelan terThis resolution was communicated to him by Don ritory. Joaqun Mosquera, and was Bolvar 's death blow. "Of my own free will," he would say to his friends, "I had decided to go; but on compulsin I will not do it; and this for the sake of the honor of Colombia and Venezuela. Besides, I feel that I am dying; my end is approaching; God calis me, and I must prepare to render my account to Him a terrible account, as terrible as my stormy life has been and I wish to breath my last in the arms of my od companions, surrounded by the Christian priests of my counI will not go!" try, and with the erucifix in my hands. There were, however, many prominent men throughout the republic who constantly called him back to public life. He invariably answered that whenever he could serve the cause of independence, they might count on him as a soldier, but that he no longer wished to fill any public office. His end was rapidly approaching, and thinking that the climate of Cartagena did not agree with him, he moved to Santa Marta, where he resided as a guest of Don Joaqun de Mier, a Spanish friend of his. Having received the last spiritual services, he died, after making a will in which he directed that all his papers should be burned, for among them "there were evidenees of the bad
self-sacrifiee,
16
Tal fu el hombre, el militar y el poltico, grande y noble hasta su postrer instante, sin otro pensamiento que el de servir a su patria, a la que trat intilmente de dar un gobierno estable que le asegurase la tranquilidad y la vida pero sus contemporneos no supieron comprenderle y vieron un acto de ambicin en lo que era una demostracin Dotado de una actividad del talento poltico de Bolvar. extraordinaria y de una cultui-a poco comn, sus aptitudes Legislador, caudillo, orador de altos eran asombrosas. vuelos, literato, filsofo; sus proclamas y cartas cautivan por la gallarda del estilo, y sobre todo por la originalidad de los conceptos. En el terreno literario no ha dejado ms que dos ensayos: Mi delirio sobre el Clmborazo, y Crtica del poema de Olmedo sobre la victoria, de Jimn. La posteridad le hizo justicia, y poco despiis de su muerte la opinin comenz a reaccionar en su favor. En 1842 el Congreso de Nueva Granada decret que sus restos fuesen trasladados solemnemente a Caracas, donde se levant un monumento a su memoria. En 1858 la ciudad de Lima erigi tambin una estatua ecuestre a Bolvar, con la inscripcin "Al libertador de la nacin peruana"; en el parque central de Nueva York y en Bogot se han levantado igualmente monumentos en honor de Bolvar. Existen adems varias medallas .y condecoraciones que llevan
su nombre, y apenas existe ciudad americana de importancia que no ostente el nombre de Bolvar en alguna de sus vas pblicas.
-J
and the infamy of those who had attacked his reputaand he wished to destroy such papers lest their publication should some day bring new evils upon his country." Such was the man, soldier and statesman, great and noble to his last moment, without any other thought than to serve his countiy, to which he vainly tried to give a stable government that should assure to it a peaeeful life. His contemporaries did not understand him, and saw ambitiou in what was only a manifestation of the politieal genius of Bolvar. Being gifted with extraordinary activity, and possessing rare culture, his versatile ability was marvelous. He was a legislator, leader, orator of great eloquence, literary man, and philosopher. His proclamations and letters have a most eharming style and contain very original ideas. The only literary productions that he left are: Mi delirio sobre el Chimborazo {My Delirum on ('himborazo) and Crtica del poema de Olmedo sobre la victoria de Junin (A Criticism of Ohnedo's Pocm on the
faith
tion,
Vctor !j of Junin). Postei-ity did justice to him, and shortly after his death opinin began to react in his favor. In 1*842 the Congress of New Granada decreed that his remains .should be solemnly transferred to Caracas, where a monument to his memory was erected. In 1858 the city of Lima raised an equestrian statue to Bolvar, with the inscription, "Al Libertador de la Nacin Peruana" ("To the Liberator of the Peruvian Nation"). Likewise, the New York Central Park and the city of Bogot contain monuments erected in honor of Bolvar. There are besides several decorating medals beariug his ame, and there is scarcely an American city of importauce that has not given his ame to one of its thoroughfares.
You have
witnessed
my
I
eforts to set
up
dis-
have
worked
and even
my
tranquil-
became convineed that you doubted my withdrew from office. My enemies took advantage of your eredulity, and tramp'led under foot what to me is most sacred m.y reputatiou and m,y love of liberty. I have been a victim of my persecutors, who have brought me down to the edge of the grave. I forgive them. Before leaving you, my af^ection prompts me to state my last wishes. I aspire to no other glory than the consolidation of Colombia. You all should work for the priceless good of unin; unin among peoples, under the present government, to deliver themselves from anarchy; unin among the ministers of the Church, to pray to Heaven; and unin among soldiers, to use their swords for the de-
As soon as I unselfishness, I
sepulcro.
My last wishes are for the happiness of fatherland. If my death should contribute to the abeyance of party rivalry and to the strengthening of the bonds of unin, I shall descend to the grave in peace.
Colombians!
the
ANTONIO MARINO
Hizo sus Antonio Nario naci en Bogot en 1765. el Colegio de San Bartolom, y todava no era mayor de edad cuando se le confi el delicado cargo de La easa tesorero de diezmos, por el Virrey Gil y Lemus. de Nario era el centro de reunin de los hombres de letras, atrados all por libi'os modernos que ocultamente haca venir de Europa. Era de fisonoma hermosa y distinguida; activo, insinuante, emprendedor, y de carcter tanto ms dominante cuanto no lo dejaba conocer a los mismos que dominaba.
estudios en
Antonio Nario was born in Bogot in 1765. He made his first studies in the College of San Bai-tolom, and was still a minor when he was entrusted with the delicate position ofTithe Treasurer (Tesorero de diezmos), by Viceroy Gil y Lemus. Nario 's home was the rendezvous of meii of letters, who were attracted there b.y the modern works that Nario surreptitiously introdueed from Europe. He had a handsome and distinguished appearance ; was active, persuasive, enterprising, and liad a disposition all the more
swa.ying because hidden.
17
A principios de 1794 tradujo y dio a la estampa en una imprenta de su propiedad los famosos Derechos del hombre, por lo cual fu condenado a presidio y extraamiento perpetuo de su patria. Al llegar a Cdiz se fug, y march primero a Francia y luego a Inglaterra a solicitar recursos para independizar a Amrica, lo que no consigui. Volvi oculto a Santa Fe de Bogot. Nuevamente perseguido por orden del Virrey Amar, fu
and printed in Man, for vs^hich he was sentenced to imprisonment and perpetual exile from the eountry. On arriving at Cdiz, he escaped, and went first to France and then to England in seareh of resources However, he failed to obtain any to free his eountry. He then reti^rned secretly to Santa Fe de assistance.
Bogot.
to
At the beginniug of 1794 he translated a press of his own the famous Bights of
enviado a Cartagena, y aunque supo fugarse durante la navegacin del Magdalena, lo capturaron al llegar a Santa Marta y lo llevaron a Boeachica, donde permaneci, hasta que en 1810 la gloriosa revolucin le abri las puertas de aquel castillo memorable. Form en las primeras filas de la guerra de independencia, prestando servicios tan importantes a su patria, y siendo tan eficaz y decisiva su actitud en favor de la emancipacin, que lleg a ocupar el primer lugar despus de Bolvar. Existe en Bogot una estatua consagrada a su memoria, y sus cenizas reposan en un monumento erigido en la Uno de los de]iartamentos de ColomBaslica Primada. bia lleva su glorioso nombre.
Again persecuted by order of Viceroy Amar, he was sent Cartagena, and although he succeeded in escaping during the navigation of the Magdalena, he was caught on his arrival at Santa Marta and taken to Boeachica, where he remained until 1810, wheu the glorious revolution opened for him the gates of tliat memorable castle. He enlisted in the independent forces, and rendered so important services to his eountry, working with so great activity and so much
suceess in the cause of independence, that he rose to the first rank next to Bolvar. There is in Bogot a statue of Nario, and his ashes are kept in a monument erected in the church known as the One of the departments of Colombia Baslica Primada. is named after him.
CAMILO TORRES
Camilo Torres es, entre el grupo de hombres civiles, la ms culminante de la Independencia. Su talento poltico predijo la emancipacin en el clebre Memorial de agravios, cuando an no se pensaba en otra cosa que en jurar fidelidad a Fernando VII y a las Juntas de Sevilla y de Cdiz; sus escritos se impusieron a los peninsulares, y su voz infiam los corazones, despert el espritu pblico y ilesat, como una opuesta corriente elctrica, los rayos mal Su genio orcontenidos de la tempestad revolucionaria.
figura
Of
tile
all
civilians,
emancipation in his celebrated Statenient of Grievances, time when all were swearing loyalty to Ferdinand VII. and the Councils (Juntas) of Seville and Cdiz. His writing's impressed the Spaniards, and his voiee kindled the heai-ts of his hearers, aroused public spirit, and unehained,
at a like a resisted electrie current, the torrent of the revolu-
ganizador cre
estructura poltica de la naciente nacionalidad. P\i al mismo tiempo el ]\Iirabeau y el Siyes de la revolucin de 1810. Su figura poltica se destaca en la historia de aquella poca con la grandeza que pudiera tener una nacin qne nace, y su voz no fu la de un liombre fu la de un pueblo entero pidiendo libertad a Dios y a la humanidad. La ilustre ciudad de Popayn fu la cuna de este culminante hombre de Colombia. Despus de fusilarlo por la espalda, colgaron de la horca sil cadver, cortaron su cabeza, encerrronla en una jaula de hien-o para colocarla en la alameda pblica, y sus miembros se mandaron dispersar para "escarmiento en los caminos." Esta especialidad acordada por los enemigos a la muerte de Torres; esta adicin de la horca al fusilamiento; esta preeminencia en el suplicio; esta distincin en este puesto de honor en el cadalso, es la mejor el martirio apoteosis de Camilo Torres. Como la generalidad de los proceres colombianos de aquella poca, fu de los primeros en el cadalso.
la
: ;
tionary storm. His organizing genius created the politieal strueture of the rising nation. le was at the same time the Mirabeau and the Siyes of the revolution of 1810.
His politieal figure looms up in the history of that period with the grandeur of a nation straggling to be born. His voice is not that of a man, but that of a whole people erying for freedom to God and humanity. The illustrious city of Popayn was the birth-place of
worthy Colombian. After shooting him in the back, the Spaniards hanged his corpse, cut oft' his head, which they enelosed in an iron eage to place on the public thoroughfare, and ordered that his limbs should be scattered along the roads as an example. This peculiar form of death imposed on Torres by his enemies this adding of the gallows to the shooting this place of honor on the scafEold, is his best apotheosis. Like nearly all the Colombian hroes of that time, Torres
this
;
first to
be executed.
GENERAL SANTANDER
Uno de los proceres que ms eficazmente trabajaron en la libertad, la fundacin v la organizacin civil de Colombia, SANfu sin duda el General
FRANCISCO DE PAULA
TANDER.
Se Naci en el Rosario de Ccuta el ao de 1792. educ en Bogot en el Colegio de San Bartolom. Hallbase en Bogot el ao de 1810, todava estudiando asidua18
One of the hroes of the War of Independence M'ho woi'ked most for liberty and the foundation and organization of civil government in Colombia, was without doubt General Francisco de Paula Santander. He was born in Rosario de Ccuta in 1792, and was edueated in Bogot, in the College of San Bartolom. He was in Bogot in 1810, still studying, when the cry of
Antonio Nario
Camilo Torres
19
emancipatiou was raised on the 20th of July. He enlisted immediately in the forees of the
revolution, and made his first studies in the art of war uuder the conunand of JManuel del Castillo y Rada, in the Province of Mariquita. short time later he served under General Bolvar, but did not aecompany him in many battles, as his mission was to defend the regin that bears his ame, and to prepare the armies, for which reason he lias been called "the organizer of vic-
revolucin,
hizo
sus
priel
arte de la guerra, a rdenes de Manuel del Castillo y Bada, en la Provincia de Mariquita. Poco despus estuvo a rdenes de Bolvar, pero no le toc acom-
en muchos combates, porque su puesto fu defender la regin que hoy lleva su nombre y preparar ejrcitos, por lo cual se le lia llamado "organizador de la victoria." A Santander le toc disciplinar en los Llanos orientales C";im|H) de Boync el ejrcito con que Bolvar emprendi en 1918 la campaa que deba dar la libertad a cinco repblicas, empezando por la Nueva Granada. En el combate inmortal de Boyac le toc mandar iina de las ala.s del ejrcito iiatriota el 7 de agosto de 1819. En el mismo ao se hizo cargo de la vicepresideiu'ia de la repblica por eleccin que hizo en l el Congreso de xViigostura. Y para que Bolvar pudiera atender a las exigencias de la guerra sigui ejerciendo la lu-esidencia por
paarle
varios aos.
tory.
'
Fi'lil
of
Boyac
It
army
Santander muri en Bogot en 1840, despus de recibir eristianamente los santos sacramentos. Su respeto a la le.v fu tal, que renunci al grado de general en jefe que le confirieron el Libertador y la Cmara de Representantes, por no llenar el nomliramiento las condiciones prescritas por la Constitucin. Este acto de virtiul cvica y lo uuu'lio que hizo para establecer el gobierno de la repblica, fueron motivo pai'a que la posteridad lo apellidara el hombre de i. as leyes.
with which Bolvar undertook the campaign which was to give independence to five republics, beginning with New Granada. In the inunortal battle of Boyac, on August 7, 1819, he counnanded one of the wings of the patriot army. In the sanu= year he took charge of tlie vice-presidency of the republic, luiving been appointcd b.y the Congress of Angostura and, that Bolvar might attend to the necessities of the war, he exercised the presideney for several years. Santander died in Bogot in 1840, after reeeiving the Cbristian last sacraments. He had so deep a respect for the law, that he declined the rank of couunander in ehief that the Liberator and the Ilouse of Representatives conferred on him, because the appoiiitment did not comply with the provisions of the
:
Constitution. That aet of civic virtue, and his exei'tions to establish tbe government of the republic, won for him from posterity the title of Tlic Man of the Law.
JOS MARA
La gloriosa figura del General Jos JMari Crdoba pertenece a dos partes de la historia de la revolucin de la Amrica Latina. El inmortal soldado de Ayaeucho fu a la vez un hroe de la primera y una vctima de la
segunda. Naci en la aldea de Concepein, Departamento de Antioquia, el S de septiembre de 1799. Desde nio revel la que fu cualidad dominante de su temperamento un valor impertrrito mostrndose imperturbablemente sereno en circunstancias difciles y peligrosas. Desde el 5 de julio de 1815, da en que se libr la accin del Palo, hasta mediados de 1818, ao en que tuvo lugar el asesinato de Serviez en los llanos de Casanare, Crdoba milit constantemente al lado de aquel malogrado jefe en calidad de ayudante de campo. En los cinco aos corridos desde 1815 hasta 1819, Crdoba tom parte en las campaas ms brillantes del ejrcito republicano, ganando en cada una de ellas un grado, hasta llegar a los diecinueve de su edad al de teniente coronel. Terminada la guerra de Pasto, Crdoba se dirigi por tierra al Per a fines de 1823, para tomar parte en aquella gloriosa campaa, que es la pgina de oro de la historia de Colombia, Crdoba hizo, en calidad de segundo del General Sucre, toda la campaa libertadora del Per. En la batalla de Ayaeucho, el punto culminante de aquella campaa, Crdoba y Sucre con 5,000 soldados bisnos derrotaron a 10,000 veteranos aguerridos a las lides europeas, dirigidos por hombres dispuestos a todos los sacrificios y pertrechados en luia altura al parecer inaccesible. A la primera orden del general en jefe, Crdoba vuela en direccin del enemigo, a la cabeza de su divisin, para auxiliar a la Mar; se desmonta precipitadamente de su
CRDOBA
The glorious figure of General Jos Mara Crdoba belongs to two periods of the revolutionary history of LatinAmerica. The immortal soldier of Ayaeucho was the hero of one and the victim of another of these periods. He was born in the village of Concepcin, Department of Antioquia, on September 8, 1799. From his childhood, he showed M'hat was his most conspieuous quality calm courage. He always remained serene and undisturbed in From Jul.y the most diffieult and dangerous situations. 5, 1815, when the battle of El Palo was fought, until the middle of l'818, when Serviez was murdered in the Casanare llanos, Crdoba constantly served beside that lamented counnander as his aide-de-camp. During the five years elapsed between 1815 and 1819, he took part in the most briiliant campaigns of the patriot army, winning promotion in all of them, until, at the age of 19, he was raised to the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the Pasto campaign, Crdoba went by land to Per towards the end of 1823, in order to particpate in the glorious campaign for the liberation of that country; a campaign which is the golden page in the history of Colomliia, and in which he served as .seeond in eomraand under General Sucre. In the battle of Ayaeucho, which was the culmination of that campaign, Crdoba and Sucre, with 5000 untraiuad soldiers, defeated 10,000 Spanish
veterans of the Enropean wars, commanded by meu who were prone to make every sacrifice and occupied an apparently impregnable height. At the first orders from the commander-in-chief, Crdoba flew towards the enemy at He alighted the head of his divisin to assist La Mar. from his horse, wliich lie abandoned, and, fired by his nat-
20
ural courage
soldiers
arms
to
and love of glory, he stepped in front of his and gave them this memorable order: "Soldiers, right shoulder, and f orward with step of victors
!
'
The republiean
canas, electrizadas al ver la intrepidez y el arrojo temerario de su jefe, realizan, en una carga a la bayoneta que ha
pasado a
la historia, los
Ms
tarde,
that history records among the greatest. Later, having returned to Antioquia,
slighted
Crdoba fu objeto de un desaii-e de Bolvar, motivado por de los enemigos de ste, lo cual fu mvil de su rebelin contra Bolvar. En efecto, Crdoba entr a
las sugestiones
Crdoba was by Bolvar, through the suggestions of the latter's enemies, and this caused Crdoba to rise against the
Rionegro el 7 de septiembre de 1829, dispuesto a sublevar la ciudad contra el gobieruo de Bogot. El Consejo de Ministros, presidido por el General Rafael Urdaneta, que mandaba en nombre del Libertador, dio al General Daniel F. O'Leary la orden de dirigirse a Medelln para sofocar el movimiento revolucionario, al mando de una fuerza de 800 hombres. Crdoba, por su parte, informado de esta expedicin, se prepar con toda actividad para hacerle frente, y el 17 de octubre, despus de una marcha fatigosa, lleg al casero del Santuario, donde resolvi atrincherarse, esperando el ataque de las fuerzas de O'Leaiy. El mismo mencionado 17 de octubre de 1829, a las 11 de la maana, se empeo el combate. Crdoba y sus compaeros hicieron, como era de presumirse, prodigios inauditos de valor. Al fin debieron de sucumbir al nmero, despus de quedar la mayor parte de ellos sobre el campo de batalla. El mismo general en jefe de los sublevados fu gravemente herido durante la refriega, en el muslo y en el pecho. Llevado a una casa cercana al campamento, sucumbi en la tarde de aquel mismo da agobiado por la gravedad de sus heridas y por la infame cobarda de Ruperto Hand, qviien', abusando de su impotencia, le asest dos terribles hachazos en su propio lecho de muerte. As baj a la tumba el "hroe de Ayacucho," a los 29 aos de edad, "cubierto, como hemos tenido oportunidad de decirlo en otra ocasin, con los resplandores de la gloria y el velo de la inmortalidad."
He entered Rionegro on September 7, 1829, determined to induce the city to revolt against the Bogot government. The Council of Ministers, presided over by General Rafael Urdaneta, who was in charge in place of Bolvar, ordered General Daniel F. O'Leary to proceed to Medelln at the head of 800 men to quell the revolutionary
Liberator.
movement.
Crdoba, on his part, being informed of this expedition, prepared very actively to meet it, and on October 17, after a tiresome march, he arrived at the settlement of Santuario, where he decided to entrench and await the attack of O'Leary's forces. On the same day, at 11 o'clock in the morning, the battle began. Crdoba and his raen, as was to be expected, fought -with exti-aordinary, prodigious bravery. At last, however, they gave wa.y, overpowered by superior numbers, after the greater number of them had been left on the battlefield. The commander-inchief of the insurgents was most seriously wounded in the thigh and ehest during the battle. He was taken to a near-by house, where he died in the afternoon of the same day, not only from his wounds, but also by the infamous eowardice of Ruperto Hand, who, taking advantage of Crdoba 's helplessness, dealt him two deadly blows with an ax while he lay in his death-bed. Such was the end of the hero of Ayacucho. He died at the age of twenty-nine, suiTounded, as we have said nn another occasion, by an aureole of immortal glory.
ANTONIO RICAURTE
A hero of the Colombian War of Independence. He was Naci en la la guerra magna colombiana. born in Leiva, Department of Boyac. de Leiva, Departamento de Boyac. Ricaurte performed the most sublime aet of heroism reFu Ricaurte el ejecutor del acto de herosmo ms sucorded in Colombian history. The great defeat suffered blime que registra la historia de Colombia. El descalabro sufrido por los realistas el 17 de mayo, cerca de Valencia, by the royalists on May 17, near Valencia, diseouraged the Spanish army so that it did not escarment al ejrcito espaol de tal dar undertake any movement of immodo, que ya no se movi a cosa alguna portance during the three days followde importancia en los tres das siguienOn the 20th, however, a great ing. tes. El 20, sin embargo, se not en su noise of volees was heard in their camp, campo gran ruido de voces, armas y where there was great activity among caballos, en trminos que los patriotas, the troops of all arms. The patriots incoligiendo de ello el ata'que general y jt ferred that a general attack was consiuuiltneo de su lnea, se prepararon templated, and prepared with their con su acostumbrado valor a rechausual bravery to meet it. Boves, the zarlo. Boves, comandante de las tropas commander of the Spanish army, perespaolas, en persona y discurriendo a sonally encouraged his soldiers going caballo por los puntos de mayor peligro on horseback through the points of animaba a los suyos, los llevaba hasta danger and speaking to them. He el pie de los formidables parapetos, y would lead them as far as the foot of all los ayudaba a escalarlos o les inthe formidable parapets, and there asdicaba el modo de utilizarse del terreno, sist them in scaling them, or give them con el objeto de apoderarse de una casa advice as to the necessary maneuvers en la cual tenan los patriotas gran to be adopted in order to take possescantidad de elementos de guerra. En Antonio Ricaurte sion of a house where the patriots kept la casa mandaba Antonio Ricaurte una a large quantity of war material. The pequea fuerza, incapaz de oponer \5;as held by Antonio Ricaurte with a small forc, inmuy larga resistencia y a poco, en efecto, r ^^t to oppose long resistance. Shortly, the royalists, que los soldados republicanos bajaban el recu TS^ving that the patriots were retreating down the slope, retirada, lanzaron los realistas un grito de al ",a;Gry of joy, as a signal of a decisive victory. Sudseal de triunfo decisivo. De repente una horrilple eiL
Hroe de
villa
I.IHK'O
lU.l'l':
OOK
(M'
rol,OMHlA
tmln el iMuipo v una ih-usa niilu' ilc oombationtos; disipada ou breve, vio Boves que su gruesa eoluniua baba tiuedado redueida a poeos soldados, y a stos. desalentados, huyendo por la misma direeein que antes llevaban. Los i^atriotas supieron
sin
se
dt'.jii
(liv
jun-
humo
inibi'i
los
punto que Kieanrle. saeritieaudo su noble vida por la patria, babin desjiedido a los soldados y prendido luego a
al
bowever. a loud exiilosinn was lieard througliout tlie A dense i'lond ot" smol<e eovered the eon\batants. Wlien tlie snioke II'IihI. ioves fouud that bis strong eolumn liad been redueed to n lew soldiers. wbo. diseonraged, started iu the same direelion in wbieb tbey liad advaneed. Tbe patriots kuew at once tbat Hieaurte. saerifieiug his noble lite for bis eountry. liad sent away bis soldiei's and set tire to tbe munitions ot' wat- wiien be saw the house fiiU
ilei\ly.
eanip.
los pertriH'lios
cuando
io la
o'
eiieim' soldiers.
FR.\NCIS(.0
el
A.
/KA
Medellin
1S22.
in
lili. IS'J,
Muri en Ualb
luglaterral
MU-n in
lid!; died
in
Hatli,
Englaud, No-
vember
'J-J,
orador,
tilsol'o.
ms notables
tignras
(van ("oloiubia.
la
do parte de
de
lii
Zea was a statesman. oralor. (tliilosopber, naturalist. and oeenpied sonie of tbe bigliest posilions cont'erred on the He went to pidiiiinent men ot" ""Phe (!reat (\ilombia."' \'eiiey.iiela witb Bolvar, iiiaking part of tbe expedition of
Ijos
('(m/o.s-.
and was
left
of tbe Kepublic
wbcn
Tocle lirmar el primero gran nacin, y pronunciar atiucllas palabras que resuenan lio\ como el eco de la iiuiiorlalidad Viee"1.a l>ei>nblica dv roloinbia queda constituida."
emprendi
la ley (pie
campaa de Hoyac.
la
paign
o"
Boyac.
creo
grt>at iiation
presideiile
ile
l'olombia
>
sii
Knviado Kxtraordiiiario y
y ms merecidos.
ms
lionrosi>s
tbe lirst to sigii llie law wbieb created the ncw wlien he jn-onoiinccd tlio.se meiiuu-ablc words "Tbe Rewliieh still sound as the echo of immortalitx publie of t\ilombia is hereby couslituted." .\s viee-iiresident of Colombia and its miuister plenipotentiary in l-hirope, no ofher piiblie man, execpt Bolvar, oeeupied more cxalti-d places fully deservcd.
He was
lOSI-:
FKRNAXDK.Z MAHRIP
son of Cartagena, where be was born on the lOth of 178;l. A noled physician. jurisconsult aud an inspired ]ioet. He stndied al the Colegio del Rosario. Bogot, aud before reaching the age of 20. received bis docHe became .\ttorucy General trate from that iustitution. of the provinee of Cartagena in .1810. lie made great efforts to Ivelp Bolvar with troops and ai'uis for his expedi.V
Hijo de la heroica Cartag>Mia. Na<Mo de el l!> de febrero de 1780, Medico, jurisconsulto e inspirado poeta, estudi en ol Colegio del Kosario y antes de cumplir 20 aos Broenrador Oeneral de la Bwviiu'ia recibi el doctorado. de Cartagiuu en 181l\ Hizo grandes esfuerzos para que se auxiliara a Bolvar con triqias y armas en sn expedicin
a
Febnuiry,
Vene/nela en ISlo. Kn 183(> sigui a Eui'opn eouio Agente t^'onlideueial ante Francia, e hizo iveonoeer la imlependeneia de Nueva C ranada por ese pas, ^luri en Barnes. cerca de Londres, el 28 de junio de 18;?0. .\ este distinguido colombiano se le ha erigido una estfltua en Cartagena.
as eonfidential agent to France. where he suceeeded in having the indepcndence of New Cranada recognized by that coiuitry. 11c died in Barnes. uear Loiidon, Kngland. on tbe 28th on June, 18;iO, A statue of tbis distiugnisbed Colombiau has been ereded at Cartagena.
FR.WCISCO
lOSl'.
01':
CALDAS
Hizo sus estudios Naci Caldas en Popayn en 1771. de latinidad y lilosofia en el Seminario de aquella ciudad, y uno de sus catedrticos, el doctor Flix de Reslrepo. lo Kn 1788 entr alent en el estudio de las matemticas. al Colegio del Rosario de Bogvt. sigui los estudios de jurisprudencia y fu graduado de bachiller, licenciado y doctor en derwho. Bero su voeaein decidida era otra y en solitarios ejercicios privados, adivimindo eomo Pascal lo que no hallaba en los libros o desc\ibriudolo por iuvestigtu'iones serias, se haba formado regular mateuuitieo y astwuomo terico. En 170o ivgres a Bopayn. pero ivsuelto a reducir a la prctica sus conocimientos geomtricos y astronmicos, hizo en 170t uu nuevo viaje a la eav>ital para buscar algunas libros, mayoivs luces y alguno* instnuueutos, y no habiendo encontrado stos, viendo que ora neeesaiio suplir eou la obstinacin cnanto le faltaba y concentrarse dentro de s pifpio, determin empezar
fabricndolos. En 1801 descubri su teora de medir las alturas por medio del agua hirviendo, y aunque de su descubrimiento se aprovech el Bawn Tlnuboldt, nada dice ste en sus obras respecto del descubridor.
Caldas was born iu Bopayn in 1771. He made his academie and phihxsophical studies in the semina ry of that city. and one of his professors. Br. Flix de Restrepo. eucouraged him in the study of mathematies. In 1788 he enIcred the t^olegio del Rosario of Bogot, where he stndied law and was gradnated as a bacbelor. licentiate and do^'tor llowever. his inclination rau in a difl'ereut direcof law. tion. and by his owu etorts. and guessing, like Paseal, or discoveriug by laborious investigations. what he did not tind in boiiks. he made himself a malhematieiau aud theorotIu 17ll;> he returned to Popayn. i-esolved ical astronomer. to put into practico his geometrical and astronomieal knowledge. In \~9(^ he made ar.other trip to the capital in search of some books, greater knowledge and some iustruments, bnt not having fonnd tbem, and eonvineed tbat it was necessary to uuike up with pei-sevei-anee for what he was nnable to aeqnire. he deeided to umke the iustrnnuuits himself.
In 1801 he diseovered the method of uu\isuring heights by meaus of boiling water. .Vlthough Barn Humboldr made use of tbis discovery, be says nothing in his works
reg-ju'ding the diseoverer.
22
l;l,l!h;
UOOK
llh'
(1()I,()MHI/V
I']ii
1802 escribi mu
(|iie
Miriiinriii
sohic
l;i
iiivclaciii
<\v.
liis
In
oii
))liiii1iis
I'lii
so (Uilvin en
la
vccindiid del
l'cuiulDr.
Ecuador.
el
Mitr a rcgonlar una ctedra d( iiiateiiiticas oii Los dos trabajos ms miiortaidcs de (laidas, ])llbIicados, son: ''I'lstado d( la (ieo^rafa, del Viri-eiiialo eoii relactin a la, eeononia, y al eonicreio," y
IKO!)
(olefiii
dol Rosario.
the
lolcfio
be took po.ssession of a cbair of mathematica in ITis most impoi'tant works pubdel Rosario.
lislied
ViceroyaUy
wh
renard, lo
"
I'Jronomics
Calilas
siicli
l<;i
iiHiijo
del
of dlimale on
(Jaldas tuvo
que dedicarse ms
tarde,
lares; a la artillera, a la eaiiipaa, al ata,(|ue y defensas de pla/as, las (onstruc.eioiies mililares y la eieueia de la K'ncrra, por los libros (|iie |)udo
eiicoiiirar.
foi'tificaciu
|)eriuineiito
a estudios miliy de
Ort/diiir Brinfjs.
was
and
arl,illera,
tlic
and lield fortiicaand defensc of eities, military striietures, scicnce of war in ffcncral, iising 'for tbe purposc
lnd.
un molino de plvora, fabric fusiles, mpiinas para una casa di' amoiUMiaeiii y fund una, acailiMuia, de M<j;enicros mili['''uiidi
eslableei('i
una
niti'cra
tares.
Sometida la causa republicana a snl'rii' ilnras pi'ucbas de ISH! a 181), einirr al sur, y despus de la d(>sraciada arcin de la (uebilla del Tand)o, fu reducido a i)i'isin en l'aispamba por el jefe; patiano Simn Muoz, dondiicido a la. capilal, se le ju/t-' en consejo de finerra y se le conden a muerte. I*]l 29 dt^ octubre de ISKI fu fusilado polunin de su ntimo y anlifuo aniijiO l<'ranla, espalda, en ciseo Antonio Hlloa, cuando apenas eontalia cuarenla y cinco aos do edad. En las ciudades de logot y l'opayn bay sendas estatuas a su memoria.
and a uupowdcr mili, made uns, as well as maitbinery for a inint, and founded an academ.y for military eufineei's. Tbe cause of tbe Independenco bavinfj snfFercd reat triis dui'inf tbe years ISIfi to 1810, Caldas went soulb, and after tbi ill-fated baltle of C!ucbilla del Tambo, was 1'eiliiccil to jirison at l'aispamba by tbe Pasto leader Simn Muo/. Takeri to tbe capital, be was court-martialed TIe was sbot in tbe back on and serd.eneed to deatb. Oi'tober 20, lOKi, to<etber wilb bis od aud intinuite friend, h'rancisco Antonio l'lloa, wbcn be was only forty-ive years Tbere is a .sttue of Caldas in Bogot, and one in od.
artillery, lslablisbcd a nitrate woi'ks
l'opayn.
JOSI'".
ACKVEDO (X)MKZ
B(M'n
at
Naci en Mongu, jurisdiccin de San (iil (Santander), En la memoi'abb- nocbe del 20 4 de febrei'o de 177:1. de julio de 1S10, fu proclamado est,e ilist in^nido H'ranailino "Tribuno del Pueblo." Snpo llenar su cometido brillantemente. "Si perdis este momento de efervesci'ncia y de calor; si dejis escapar esta ocasin, nica ,y feliz, antes Ved (moslie doce boras sei'is tratados como insiii'gentes. trando las crceles) los calabozos, los grillos y las cadenas Tal(>s f\iei'on las pal i'it leas palabras (|ue os esperan." del Ti'ibuno, y muy probablemente a ellas se deben en gran parte las enrgii^as determinaciones de la junta, <|ue fu instalada despus de que Acevedo declar traiibu- al que abandonara la sala antes de ese acto importante y Con su compaero, el joven Carboncll, trascendental. levantan el espi'itu popnlar, reducen a i>risin al Virrey y a su esposa el 25. Acevedo bace desconocer el 2C) (>1 Consejo de Regencia, y el 22 de septiembre logra i'cunir el (Jongroso. Patriota exalt^ido y activo, cre legiones para ayudar a su patria; pero su vida se llen de dolor a la llegada de Morillo a Santa Fe el 2f) de mayo de 181(i. Kn las soledades de los Andaques busc refugio, buyendo del feroz Pacificador, y encontr la uuiertc, en mayo de 1817,
el
Mongu,
1810,
witliin
4,
Santander, on Kebi'uary
of -Inly
20, Ibis
dist inguisbed (iranadian was acTribune" ("Tribuno del pueblo"), "If llis brilliant, deeds sbowed bim wortby of tbis title. yon lose tbis moment of elfervescence and beat; if yon let, tbis iirodigious and imique ocoasion go by, yon will before Loek (pointing to tw(lve bours be treated as insurgents. tbe jail), wbere dungeons, stocks and cbains await yon." Sucb were tbe patriotic words of tbe Tribune, and it is very likely tbat tbey prompted to a great extent tbe energetie decisin of tbe Junta wbicb was iiunigurated after Acevedo liad declared traitors all tbose wbo sbould leave tbe rooni before tbat im])ortant and transcendent act. Witb
claimed "tbe
Pei)|)le's
bis
acompaado en sus ltimos momentos slo por un esclavf) cimarrn. Baj a la tumba con el pesar de no baber presenciado
la
redencin de su
jiatria.
eompanion, .young Carboncll, be aroused popular sentiment, and liad the viceroy and bis wife reduced to prison On tbe 26th be caused tbe Consejo de on tbe 2.'tb. Regencia (Regency Couneil) to be disavowed, and on September 22iid be brougbt about tbe meeting of Congre.ss. A (iery and active patriot, be created legions to belp bis country; but bis lile was darkened by tbe arrival of MoHe sougbt refuge in rillo ai. Santa Pe, on May 2(i, ISlfi. tbe lonely regions of tbe Andaqu Tndians, fleeing from tbe ferocious Pacificator, and tbere be died in Ma.v of 1817. TIe died witb tbe grief of not accomi)anied by a slave. baving .seen the emancipation of bis country.
ATANASIO GIRARDOT
Naci en Medelln en 1701 Muri en Bi-bula noviembre de 18115.
el
30 de
El coronel Atanasio Girardot se seal eiiti'e los hroes de la guerra de Independencia por el triunfo (|ue alcanz cu el 'urnle de l'alacc con 7;") soldados contra un enemigo Sigui a Bolvar en la obra de redimir (|ue contaba 2,000. a Venezuela y se confi a su valor el mando de la vanguardia. Carache y Agua de Obispos recordaron al vencedor de Palac, y la Provincia del Apure le vio restablecer en ella la repblica; en Puerto Cahello su denuedo no encontr obstculos; en Barbilla^, "al momento que consigi el triunfo ms decidido, termin glorio.samente su 23
he Atanasio (rardot was born in Medelln in 1701 died at Brbula on tbe :Otli of November, 1813. Colonel Girardot distinguished bimself amongst tbe hroes of the war of independenee by the great victory wbicb be obtained at Puente de Palac, wbere witb only lie followed 7r) meii he defeated 2000 Si)anish soldiers. Bolvar during the work of reconquering Venezuela, and
;
His succe.sses at was givcn eharge of tbe vanguard. Carache and Agua de Obispos were rerainders of bis victory of Palac, and the Province of Apure saw bim reestablisb tbe republic tbere. His conrage at Puerto Cabello knew no ditliculties; aud he died at Brbula. "At the very
luuerto fu vengada en
Las Trincheras, y
moment
of
liis
el
primer
BIENHECHOR DE
ous career. " His death was avenged at Las Trincheras, and his heart received at Caracas all the bonors and homage due to his aehievements. Bolvar wept over Girardot's tomb and his ame is written in all the public registers of the municipalities of Venezuela as that of the greatest
LA PATRIA.
En
la
FLIX RESTREPO
{Biografa escrita por
el
Las notabilidades que en el curso de los siglos han ido descolhuulo sobi'c el Jiivcl comn de la lunmniidad son ya innumerables. Variada es su gloria, diversos sus mritos, pero en ltimo anlisis todos sus distinta su gi'rtudeza ttulos a la admiracin de la ]iosteridad pueden rcdiu'irse a uno de tres valor, ciencia o virtud pues no hay celebridad que no haya sido conquistada con el brazo, con la cabeza o con el corazn. Quien poseyera en igual, sobresaliente grado, el herosmo, el saber, y la virtud, sera, a mi entender, un ser moral perfecto; mas no siendo dable a la naturaleza humana alcanzar jams la perfeccin, cada cual se distingue slo por un lado, y los amantes de la historia, los admiradores de los gi'andes hechos, tienen que ir a escoger, entre los personajes legendarios, aquellos que, segn sus inclinaciones o sus gustos, hallen ms dignos de sus simEn cuanto a m, sta es latas o nu^recedores de su culto. mi profesin de fe: ante el guerrci'o aplaudo; ante el hombre de ciencia me descubro, y ante el hombre virtuoso me inclino y doblo la rodilla. Ved por qu vengo hoy, impelido por el entusiasmo, y no presumiendo dotes literarias que no tengo ni pretendo poseer, a bosquejar en pocas lneas la vida, a honrar la memoria del mejor, del ms estimable de los hijos de Antioqnia, si no de todo el pas. No adivinis a quin hago referencia? Hablo de aquel anciano venerable. Consejero de Estado en 18:^(1, que, cuando las dems agentes del gobierno se ocvtaban, pernuTueci en su puesto, para salvar la capital de la insurreccin del batalln "Callao," o sucumbir con dignidad. Hablo de aquel magistrado incorruptible, JMinistro de la Alta Corte de Justicia en 1826, que, solo, se atrevi a firmar sentencia de muerte contra un general esclarecido, Hablo de aq\iel juez dolo de la fortuna y de la fama. probo, modelo sin igual, que habiendo fallado un pleito en contra de inia viuda, por error involuntario, reconoci ms tarde ese error, y annciue se trataba de una gruesa suma, indenuiiz espontneamente a la vctima con sus propios Hablo del presidente del primer Congreso de bienes. Colombia, reunido en Ccuta en 1821, quien a fuerza de batallar, luchando contra grandes y opuestos intereses, hizo sancionar, el 19 de julio, la libertad de los esclavos, por la que vena trabajando, en asocio del malogrado Coi-ral, desde 1814, habiendo sido l quien, en aquella poca, redact la clebre ley antioquea de libertad de vientres. Yo no le conoc pero singular privilegio del mrito, raro poder de la gloria ahora mismo le contemplo a lo Vedle all, pequeio vivo, abogando por su noble causa. de cuerpo, ancho de espaldas, ligeramente inclinado, de frente espaciosa, rosti-o ovalado, ojo pequeo, nariz recta, cejas enarcadas, boca mediana, barba redondeada y poco saliente. Su fisonoma inspira simpatas a la vez que jNo os cmo resuena la sala de las inftmde respeto. Ah No es el tribuno sesiones con su palabra inspirada ? de la demagogia, no es el apstol del socialismo, que quieren la igualdad, arrasando todo mrito, destruyendo cuanto haya de noble y de estimable, sino simplemente el filsofo
;
Many are the prominent men who in the course of time have risen above the common level of mankind. Their glories, their merits and their greatness may have been difi^erent. but in the last analysis all their caims to the admiration of posterity may be reduced to one of these three classes bravery, knowledge, or virtue for there is no fame that has not been achieved by either the arm, the brain or
:
the heart.
It seems to me that he who shoi;ld at once exeel in heroism, learning and virtue would be a perfect moral being. But, as it is not given to human nature to attain perfection, every man of worth distinguishes himself but by one of these traits; and the lover of history, the admirer of great deeds, must choose, among the faraous men of history, those who, according to his inclination or his taste, he may consider most worthy of his sympathy or reverence. As for me, I applaud the warrior; before the man of science and before the man of virtue I bow I uncover my head and bend the knee. That is why I have xindertaken, prompted by admiration, and with no pretense to literary gifts, which I neither possess or claini to possess, to sketch in a few lines the life, and honor the memory, of the best and most worthy son of Antioqnia, if not of Colombia. Does not the reader guess to whom I refer? I refer to that venerable od man, Counsellor of State in 1830, who, while the other oticials of the government hid themselves, remained at his post to either save the capital from the insurrection of the Callao battalion, or fall with dignity. I refer to that incorruptible magistrate, minister of the Iligh Court of Justice in 1826, who, alone, dared to sign the death warrant of an illustrious general, a favorite of fortune and of fame. I refer to that upright judge, that unrivaled model, who, having by an error pronounced sentence against a widow in a lawsuit, later acknowledged his error, and, although the amount involved was large, spontaneously indemnified her out of his own funds. I refer to the president of the first Congress of Colombia, eonvened at Ccuta in 1821, who, strnggling against povverful interests, persuaded it to sanction, on July 19, the freedom of the slaves, for which, associated with Corral, then dead, he had been working since 1814. It was he who, in that year, drew up the celebrated Antioquian law on "the free;
dom
1
of the stomach" {"libertad de vientres"). did not know him; and yet, such is the privilege of merit, such the power of glory, that I can see him now before me advocating his noble canse. Ilere he stands. short of stature and broad of shoulders, slightly bent, with his large forehead and oval face, small eyes and mouth, straight nose, arched brows, and rounded and slightly protruding
His physiognomy inspires love and conunands rI hear the hall of sessions resound with his gifted He is not the tribune of demagogy, not the apostle of socialism, who preach absolute equality by the abolition of all merit and of everything that makes men noble and he is but a simple Christian philosopher pi-aiseworthy who, taught by the doctrine of Calvaj-y, claims the rights
chin.
sped. word.
24
01''
COLOMBIA
reclama
derechos del hombre para sus hermanos, iguales por la redencin y el bautismo, distintos slo en el color. Ved cmo se anima su semblante y brotan de sus ojos dos ardientes lgrimas! Ved cmo se postra de rodillas ante aquella augusta asamblea y bendice a la Providencia, porque le ha permitido romper con una mano las cadenas que opriman a medio pueblo, a toda una raza infeliz, y mostrar en alto con la otra el gorro frigio, emblema de la libertad, que pudo desde entonces grabarse con justicia en el escudo de armas de la Patria! Comprendis ahora que os hablo del doctor Flix Restrepo ? Ved cmo su solo nombre brilla, cual aureola resplandeciente, sobre su imagen venerable Pues quien tal hizo, merece bien nuestro aprecio, nuestra admiracin y nuestra gratitud. Mas no fu eso solo. Consagrado desde nio a las letras y a las ciencias, abraz desde temprano el magisterio, prestando de ese modo a la nacin uno de los ms slidos y positivos servicios. l haba recibido su primera educacin en Medelln, al lado de un eclesistico to suyo, y muy joven fu enviado a Bogot. Siendo todava alumno del Colegio de San Bartolom, y discpulo privado del ilustre Mutis, regentaba ya las ctedras de filosofa en dicho establecimiento. No bien hubo concluido sus estudios de jurisprudencia y gradudose de abogado, regi-es a Antioquia para trasladarse luego a Popayn, de donde le llamaban con instancia a dar clases en el Colegio Seminario. All tuvo por discpulos a los Caldas, los Zeas, los Torres, los Bombos, los Ulloas, quienes devolvieron a la patria, en opimos frutos, las semillas de ciencia y de virtud que recibieron de su digno preceptor. Tampoco le faltaba el valor. Cuando los^realistas patianos, capitaneados por don Antonio Tenorio, atacaron a Popayn el 26 de abril de 1812, el doctor RESTREPO, a la cabeza de sus discpulos, con la sangre fra y la serenidad de un veterano, concurri a rechazar el asalto, siendo el primero que hizo fuego sobre el enemigo. Abandonada Popayn por los patriotas, a fines de 1812, por la aproximacin de Smano, el doctor RESTREPO tuvo que emigrar a Antioquia, regresando otra vez al Cauca en abril de 1815, huyendo de Warleta. No fu sino ms tarde, hacia 1816, cuando volvi a establecerse en Medelln con su familia, compuesta de su esposa, la seora doa Tomasa Sarasti, natural de Popayn, y sus hijos Manuel, Mariano, Cristbal y Mara Josefa. Habit la casa que hace esquina al norte, entre las calles de Carabobo y Calibo, frente a la Moneda. En 1821 fu enviado como diputado al Congreso Constituyente, y desde entonces residi en Bogot, siendo sucesivamente Ministro y Presidente de la Alta Corte de Justicia, Consejero de Estado, Secretario del Interior y de Ralaciones Exteriores, en la administracin del General Caicedo, en 1831, y miembro de la Convencin de aquel A la vez regentaba varias ctedras en los estableciao. mientos de educacin. Entonces public un Tratado de fsica, traducido y extractado del del Abate Nollet, obra importante para aquella poca, y que sirvi por bastante tiempo de texto en los colegios de la repblica. Falleci en Bogot el 23 de septiembre de 1832, rodeado del respeto y de la estimacin de sus conciudadanos. En su trato particular era afable y modesto. Muy versado en historia, saba amenizar su conversacin en las relaciones con gentes ilustradas, con oportunas citas. Su diversin favorita era la caza de liebres. Cuando vivi en Medelln se iba los domingos, despus de or la misa, pues era fiel creyente, a buscar conejos en los campos, llevando siempre en el bolsillo un tomo de Virgilio, para saborear las glogas mientras los perros descubran la presa. Como un rasgo que pinta la calma inalterable de su carcter y su estricta sumisin a la ley, referir la ancdota siguiente Habiendo la Alta Corte, de que l haca parte, decidido en audiencia un pleito, la parte agraviada pidi
i
:
of men for his brethren, made equal by redemption and baptism, and differing from one another but in color. See how his face brightens up, and how two burning tears flow from his eyes. See him fall down on his knees before that august Assembly and thank Providenee that he has been permitted to break with one hand the chains that enslaved half the people, a whole unhappy race, and with the other hold on high the Phrygian cap, the emblem of freedom which, since then, could with justice be stamped upon the national coat of arms. You will now understand that it is of Dr. Flix Restrepo that I write. His ame alone seems to form a brilliant aureole over his venerable image. He who did such deeds deserves our esteem, our admiration, and our gratitude. But that is not all. Devoted from his childhood to letters and science, he early adopted the profession of teaching, in which he rendered to the nation one of his most substantial services. He made his first studies in Medelln, under a Church dignitary, his nele, and in his early youth was sent to Bogot. While still a student at the College of San Bartolom, and a prvate pupil of the illustrious Mutis, he As soon as filled chairs of philosophy in that institution. lie was graduated as a doctor of law, he returned to Antioquia, and later went to Popayn, having accepted a position as professor at the Seminary College (.Colegio Seminario) of that city. There he had as his pupils such men as Caldas, Zea, Torres, Pombo, Ulloa, who later placed at the service of their eountry, with most fruitful results, the knowledge and virtue they had learned from their worthy teacher. or was he devoid of courage. When the Pata royalists, commanded by Don Antonio Tenorio, attacked Popayn on April 26, 1812, Dr. Restrepo, at the head of his pupils, and showing the calm of a veteran, assisted in repulsing the assailants, being the first to open fire. The patriots having evacuated Popayn at the eud of 1812, on aecount of Sraauo's approach, Dr. Restrepo had He returned to Cauca in 1815, to leave for Antioquia. Later, in 1816, he again settled in fleeing from Warleta. IMedelln with his family, which then eonsisted of his wife, Doa Tomasa Sarasti, of Popayn, his sons Manuel, Mariano and Cristbal, and his daughter Mara Josefa. He lived opposite the Mint, between Carabobo and Calibo
streets.
In 1821 he was sent as a representative to the Constituent Congress, and after that he lived in Bogot, where be was suceessively Justice and President of the High Court of Justice, Counsellor of State, Secretary of the Interior and of Poreign Afairs during the administration of General Caicedo in 1831, and a member of the Convention in the same year. At the same time he held chairs at several educational institutions. He published a Tratado de fsica (Treatise on Physies), translated and abridged from Abb Nollet; a work that had then great merit and for some time served as a textbook in the colleges of the republic. Dr. Restrepo died in Bogot on September 29, 1832, held in respect and esteem by his fellow citizens. In his social intercourse, he was amiable and modest. Being much versed in history, his conversation with cultured men was made interesting by appropriate quotations. His favorite pastime was rabbit bunting. While he liv-ed in Medelln, he would go out into the eountry every Sunday after mass (for he was a devout Catholic), in search of rabbits, always carrying in his pocket a volume of Vii'gil, to enjoy the poet's eclogues while the dogs started the game.
illustration of his imperturbable serenity and his obedienee to the law, I shall quote the following aneedote The High Court, of which he was a member, having pronounced judgment in a certain lawsuit, the injured party asked for a rescission of the sentence, and ended his petition with strong .vituperation of the judges. Dr. Res-
As an
:
strict
25
Tal fu, en resumen, la vida del eximio varn que he querido recordar. Si para ello no tena necesidad de pedir, a usanza de otros tiempos, su inspiracin a Calope y Clo, musas de la epopeya y de la historia, ni de prestar a los jioetas su florido lenguaje y su rimada entonacin, ha sido porque la sencilla narracin de los hechos bastaba a mi pro|)sito de mostraros un buen hijo, un buen esposo, un buen padre y, sobre todo eso, un buen ciudadano; pues si su carrera, como habis visto, ni fu estrepitosa ni deslumbradora, s fu larga y recta, como la lnea geomtrica cuyo estudio am. qu hay ms difcil, y por tanto ms meritorio, que andar un largo camino sin volver atrs y sin desviarse un pice, ni a derecha ni a izquierda, del angosto sendero del deber? Quien tal baga, bien puede, como Saulo, exclamar al fin de su jornada: Velec buena batalla.; aguardo el geardn. Y jiucsto que los triunfos de los hijos alegran a los padres ])uesto que la gloria de aqullos cubre aquestos con su lam]io. regocjate t, hermosa ^ledelln. vstete de gala, llnate de noble orgullo, pues has dado a la nacin tres hijos benemritos, tres de sus 7ns grandes hombres. Levanta airosa tu cabeza, pues que orna tus sienes, como las del Pontfice Supremo, iina triple corona, la de la virtud, la del saber, la del valor! S! que t diste a la patria, el 28 de noviembre de 1760, a Piclix Restrepo. tipo acabado de virtud, a quien la historia, pobre de palabras, llam luias veces el Aristides colombiano, y otras luiestro Canciller L'Hopital; el 23 de noviembj'c de 1766. a Francisco Antonio Zea, justamente apellidado el Sahio; y el O de mayo de 1791, a Atanasio Girardot. hroe de los tiempos homricos, de quien el poeta pudo decir con verdad
trepo, to wliom the matter was referred, decided as follows There is no reason to grant the rescission requested and, as to the second part of the petition, it cannot be granted either, inasmueh as that is not the law. Such was, briefly, the life of the worthy man whora I have wished here to remember. If for that purpose it has not been necessary for me to cali for inspiration, as was the custom in former times, on Calliope and C'lio, the anises of epic and history, or to borrow the flowery language and rhythmic tone of poets, it was because a simple statement of the facts sufficed for my purpose of showing a good son, a good husband. a good father, and, above all, a good citizen. If his career was neither noisy or dazzliug. it was long and sti'aight. like the geometrical line which he loved to study. And is 'there anything more difficult or more praiseworthy than to tread a long road without once taking a step backwards or deviating in the least from the nari-ow path of duty? He who has done so inay well, like Sal, exclaim at the end of his journey "I have fought a good fight; I await m^^ guerdon." And since the triumphs of children are the joy of parents since the glory of a son sheds its light upon his raother, rejoice, O Medelln, clothe thyself in gala attire, let thee be filled with noble pride, that thou hast given the republic thi'ce of her greatcst men. Raise thy honored head. for thy brow, like that of the Supreme Poutiff, bears tlu' triple crown of virtue, knowledge, and couragc. Thou gavest to the fathcrland, on Noveraber 28, 1760, Flix de Restrepo, a perfect type of virtue, whom history. poor in words. sometiraes called the Colombian Aristides, and at other times our Chancellor L'Hopital: on November 2.'^. 1766, Francisco Antonio Zea, justly called the Wise and on Hay 9. 1791, Atanasio Girardot, a Homerie liero, of whom the poet could truthfully say:
' :
' : : :
Vivi para su patria vn .'<oln instante; Vivi para su gloria demasiado: Y siempre vencedor, muri triunfante!
He lived for
his country
but an instant
;
For his glory he lived too long Ahvays victorious, he died a victor.
POLICARPA ZALABARRIETA
Pocas son las mujeres que figuran en la historia por sus actos de herosmo en las luchas belicosas por eso, cuando una de ellas sobresale, cuando su amor a la patria la lleva al sacrificio, cuando desprecia la juventud, entonces esa mujer logra escalar la cima de la inmortalidad y hace
;
History records the ames of few war heroines, and a woman becomes famous for her heroic acts, when her love of countiy makes her forget her youth and impels her to self-sacrifice, she reaches the height of immortality and awakens in the hearts of futura generations an im-
when
perenne su memoria en el entendimiento y en el corazn de sus conciudadanos. Colombia posee uno de esos ejemplares femeninos en Policarpa Zalabarrieta. Sacrific su vida por la libertad de su patria, despus de haber prestado importantes sem'icios a la revolucin contra los espaoles. Ayudaba a los patriotas de Casanare, entre los cuales estaba su prometido. Aprehendida en Bogot por las fuerzas de Smano. no pudieron lograr .sus verdugos que la herona delatase a sus compaeros de lucha, y sentenciada a muerte, se le fusil por la espalda, como traidora al re.y. ^Mostr entereza de carcter en sus ltimos momentos, apostrof a sus enemigos, no perdi un instante la fe en la libertad de su pas y al caer bajo el plomo de las balas, penetr en el templo de la inmortalidad. Policarpa era natural de Giiatluas, poblacin de Cundinamarca. All se ha levantado una estatua digna de la herona. El recuerdo de las virtudes de la POLA estar siempre fresco en el corazn de los que aman la patria.
26
perishable feeling of love and admiration. In Policarpa Zalabarrieta Colombia possesses one of She sacrifieed her those examples of feminine greatness. life for the freedom of her country. after having rendered valuable services in the revolution against the Spaniards. She helped tbe Casanare patriots, her fianc being one of Captured in Bogot by Smano 's forces, their uumber. her torturers could not compel her to betray her patriot friends. She was sentenced to death, and shot in the back In her last hours she showed as a traitor to the king. great strength of character; she upbraided her enemies. and did not for one nioment lose faith in the freedom of her countiy. She passed from the execution bencli into the temple of immortality. Policarpa was a native of Guaduas, a town of Cundinaworthy statue of the heroine has been erected marea. Her virtues will ahvays live in the memory of there. those who love their countrj'.
MERCEDES BREGO
tural de
La herona colombiana Mercedes brego de Reyes, naSan Jos de Ccuta, fu una de las mrtires de la
guerra de independencia.
los historiadores, la seora brego de Reyes relaciones con las guerrillas que comandaban los patriotas F. de P. Santander y Joaqun Ricaurte. Cuando el Libertador entr a Ccuta la seora brego le obsequi un rico uniforme de Brigadier, accin que le vali la vida cuando Bartolom Lizn, capitn de cazadores de las
The Colombian heroine Mercedes brego de Reyes, a native of San Jos de Ccuta, was oue of the martyrs of the war of independence.
to historians, Mrs. brego de Reyes mainrelations with the guerrillas commanded by the patriots F. de P. Santander and Joaqun Ricaurte. AVhen the Liberator entered Ccuta, Mrs. brego presented him with a gorgeous uniform, an act for which she had to pay
Segn mantuvo
According
tained
tropas reales, venci al General Santander en el ao de Sin frmula de 1813 e invadi la ciudad de Ccuta. juicio Bartolom Lizn orden el sacrificio de la herona. El oficial que comandaba la escolta dijo a sus soldados: "Salga al frente el que se considere capaz de cortar de un Todos ellos dieron un solo tajo la cabeza de esa mujer." paso adelante y el que se consider ms esforzado y audaz fu el preferido. La cabeza de Mercedes brego rod por El acto infame de la decapitacin se verific en el suelo. el edificio de la crcel de Ccuta. Los acendrados servicios de la mrtir a la causa de la independencia y el intenso calor de su patriotismo, le valieron la escogencia hecha por Lizn entre las patriotas cucuteas, para saciar en ella sus instintos vengativos. La ciudad de Ccuta hermosea hoy una de sus plazas con la estatua de doa Mercedes brego, obra artstica que se tiene considerada como una de las mejores que existen en el pas.
life when the Spanish Captain Bartolom Lizn took the eity of Ccuta in 1813, after having defeated General Santander. Without the formality of a trial, Bartolom Lizn ordered the heroine to be sacrificed. The officer commanding the squad said to his soldiers Let the man step forward who thinls he can cut off that
with her
'
'
woman's head with one stroke. " They all stepped forwai'd, and the preference was given to the one who looked strongest and boldest. The head of Mercedes brego soon dropped from her shoulders. This act of infamy took
place in the Ccuta
jail.
The great
services rendered
led Lizn to mark her out among the patriotic women of Ccuta for the satisfaction of his revengeful in.stincts. In one of the plazas of that city there is today a beautiful
Doa Mercedes brego a real work of art, considered one of the best in the republic.
statue of
ANTONIA SANTOS
Patriota y valerosa herona de la guerra de independencia de Colombia. Naci la seorita Antonia Santos en Charal, Departamento de Santander, por los aos de 1784 a 86, de familia notable por su posicin social y su riqueza, como por el patriotismo de sus padres. La seorita Santos, llena de ardor patritico y de odio a los opresores de su patria, organiz una guerrilla sostenida con sus propios recursos y con la cooperacin de entusiastas patriotas de esas comarcas. Las autoridades espaolas, despus de gran resistencia por parte de la guerrilla colombiana, aprisionaron a la herona y siguironle causa ante un Consejo de Guerra. El seguimiento de la causa fu breve y sumario en ella la seorita Santos habl con la firmeza de una republicana de conviccin, trat a sus llamados jueces con altivez y desdn cuando le ofrecan la vida en cambio de que revelara los nombres de sus cmplices; y al notificarle la sentencia, firm con mano segura, anunciando a sus verdugos que antes de expirar el ao, el suelo granadino estara libre de los que lo tiranizaban vilipendiando la virtud y el mrito. El 28 de julio se consum el sacrificio de la seorita Santos; a las diez y media de la maana fu fusilada en la plaza del Socorro. Con humildad cristiana, pero sin abatimiento, y con frente serena, march al patbulo entre filas de soldados; dirigindose luego al oficial que mandaba la escolta le suplic que aceptase el anillo que llevaba puesto, y quitndoselo de la mano se lo entreg, rogndole que dispusiera que no se le apuntara sino al pecho, a fin de no En seguida se sent, sac un pauelo y pedecer tanto. con la serenidad del que sabe lo que va a hacer, se arregla el vestido, y con el pauelo cie el traje al rededor de los Un sargento la ata, la pies contra el palo del banquillo. venda, se da un redoble, la escolta hace fuego y se consuma la inicua obra de cruel venganza en una mujer.
;
This patriotic and brave heroine of the war of independence of Colombia was born in Charal, Department of Santander, about the year 1784. Her family was noted
for their position, their wealth, and tlieir patriotism. Seorita Santos was so full of patriotic fervor and of hatred to the oppressors of her country, that she organized a guerrilla and maintained it out of her own resources and some contributions from the patriots of the regin. After a stubborn resistance from this guerrilla, the Spanish authorities imprisoned the heroine and had her tried by court martial. The trial was brief and summary. The Seorita
addressed her judges with firmness, born of her republican convictions, treating them with haughtiness and disdain when they ofered to save her life provided she revealed the ames of her accomplices. And when they announced the verdict, she signed it with a steady hand, telling her executioners that before the year was gone, the Granadian soil would be free from those who tyrannized it and who treated with contempt all virtue and merit. The execution of Seorita Santos was consummated on the 28th of July she was shot at 10 o'cloek, in the public square of Socorro. With Christian humility, but without fear, she marched to the place of execution between files of soldiers. Addressing the commander of the squad, she begged him to accept the ring that she wore, which she took of, handed to him and begged him to order the soldiers to shoot straight to her heart, in order to save her unnecessary sufl'ering. This done, she sat down, and taking out a handkerchief, she tied her dress around her feet and mde it fast to the post of the bench, with surpassing coolness. A sergeant binds lici-, the drums beat, the squad fires, and thus ends the iniquitous vengeance on a woman.
;
27
GOBERNANTES DE COLOMBIA
RuLERS OF Colombia
NUEVA GRANADA
Durante el tiempo en que la repblica tuvo el nombre de Nueva Granada (1S32 a 1857), se cumplieron los siguientes principales acontecimientos: iSantander. En octubre de 1832 lleg a Bogot, de los Estados Unidos de Amrica, el General Santander, y se hizo cargo de la presidencia, para la cual haba sido nombrado por la Convencin. Su administracin fu econmica, firme y ordenada durante este gobierno se inici el arreglo de la divisin de la deuda que haba contrado la Gran Colombia y se convino en que la Nueva Granada pagara la mitad, y Venezuela y el Ecuador la otra mitad; tambin se celebr un trataclo de amistad, comercio y lmites entre Nueva Granada y Venezuela. Santander prest mucha atencin a la instruccin pblica y a la propaganda de las ciencias, y estableci colegios y escuelas de primeras letras. Mrqwz. El doctor Jos Ignacio de Mrquez fu electo presidente en 1837. El respeto a la ley. el deseo de apaciguar las jiasiones exaltadas de los partidos, y el progreso del pas, fueron los fines que persigui el doctor jMrquez. Durante su administracin se revis y aprob el convenio sobre la divisin de lo que deba la antigua Repblica de Colombia a varios
;
NEW GRANADA
During the time that the republic was known as New Granada (1832-1857), its presidents and the main events of its politieal life were as given in the following brief
sketch.
Santander. In October of 1832 General Santander arrived at Bogot from the United States, and took possession of the presidency, to which he had been appointed by the Convention. His administration was thrifty, firm and efficient. During this period were initiated negotiations for the distribution of the debts contracted by Greater Colombia, and it was ag'reed that New Granada should pay one-half and Venezuela and Ecuador the other half. treaty of friendship, commerce and territorial boundaries was made between New Granada and Venezuela. Santander gave mucli attention to public instruction and the
spreading of
colleges
seientific
and primary
acreedores, entre la Nueva Granada, Venezuela y el Plcuador, pases que la haban formado. Herrn. Despus del doctor Mrquez, fu electo para la primera magistratura el General Pedro Alcntara Ilerrn. Durante los cuatro aos del gobierno de Herrn se desarroll notablemente la instruccin pblica, se atendi a las mejoras de algunas vas de comunicacin, y para dar impulso a la industria se celebraron en Bogot varias exposiciones de productos nacionales. Tambin se expidi una nueva Constitucin para el pas, cuyo objeto principal era darle ms fuerza al Poder Ejecutivo para la conservacin del orden y se levant el censo de la poblacin de la repblica, que dio cerca de dos millones de habi;
Mrquez. Dr. Jos Igiiacio de Mrquez was elected president in 1837. He endeavored to foster respect for the law, to a.ssuage embittered party passion, and to promote the general progress of the nation. A revisin was made during his administration of the agreement entered into by New Granada, Ecuador and Venezuela for the allotment of the debts of the od Republic of Colombia, aud a new covenant made and ratified. Herrn. Dr. Mrquez was foUowed in the presidency by General Pedro Alcntara Herrn. During his fouryear term public instruction was greatly extended, several
tantes.
Mosquera-.
ral
el
Gene-
instrumentos valiosos
el
se-
hermosa obra del Capitolio Nacional en cuyo patio principal se alza hoy en bronce la estatua del magistrado se fund un colegio militar en que se formaron ingenieros notables; en fin. fu benfica y grande la iniciativa del gobierno en las obras de progreso. Gobernando JMosquera, se desat la oposicin al partido que dominaba en el gobierno; a mediados de 1848 estaban en efervescencia las pasiones polticas, y el gobierno fu objeto de publicaciones calumniosas. Por ese tiempo se dio el nombre de conservaclo-r al partido poltico que dominaba y los contrarios tomaron para s el de liberales. Lpez. El General Jos Hilario Lpez, benemrito soldado de la independencia, nacido en Popayn en 1798,
se inici la
;
attention, and, to further development, several expositions of national products were held at Bogot. A new national constitution was promulgated, the main object of which was to grant fuller powers to the executive for the preservation of public order. A national census was taken, which showed the population of the republic to be 2,000,000 inhabitants. Moscfwera. After Herrn, Toms C. de Mosquera was elected to the presidency. He was a great general of the war of independence. He established steam navigation in the Magdalena river, made valuable gifts of books and Instruments to the National Library and to the Observatory, and commenced work on the magnificent national captol, in one of whose present courts is a statue of its founder. He founded also a military college, which graduated many prominent engineers. His administration was most beneficial to the country, and very progressive. Mosquera had to meet a storm of opposition. In 1848 politieal animosity was very bitter, and the govemment was the butt of many libelous attacks in the press. It was then that the government party took the ame of conservative,
liberal.
gobierno en abril de 1849. que se llevaron a cabo en ese gobierno, deben citarse: la absoluta libertad dada a los esclavos que an existan en el pas, y la creacin de la llamada Comisin Corogrfica, encargada de hacer los mapas de la repblica. En la administracin de Lpez fueron desterrados del
el
entr a ejercer
Entre
General Jos Hilario Lpez, a worthy soldier of the war of independence, was bom in Popayn in 1798. He was inaugurated in April, 1849. Among the commendable achievements of his administration may be quoted the absolute freedom granted to all slaves throughout the republic, and the creation of the Chorography Commission, charged with making maps of the republic.
of Lpez, the fathers of the law of Jess were expelled from the countr.y. was enacted granting absolute freedom to the press, and
Company
28
Por aquel
dict una ley sobre libertad absoluta de la otra que dispona que las causas criminales fueran por los jueces, con intervencin de cierto nmero
one directing that all criminal cases be tried by judges with the co-operation of a certain number of eitizens, who were to render judgment, and were called jurors. This institution is still in existenee.
de ciudadanos, que daban concepto de acuerdo con su conciencia, y que se llamaban Jurados, cargo que tambin
existe hoy.
Obando. Dictadura de Mel. Terminado el gobierno del General Lpez, fu electo presidente el General Jos M. Obando, quien entr a ejercer el poder (1853). En este tiempo el Congreso expidi una nueva Constitucin de la repblica hubo mucha exacerbacin de los partidos polticos; en las calles de la capital tuvieron lugar reuniones populares tumultuosas que degeneraban en combates de unas clases sociales contra otras; el General Jos Mara Mel, que desempeaba la comandancia del ejrcito, apoyado por ste y por los artesanos exaltados, encabez en Bogot un motn militar, y el 17 de abril de 1854 se
;
Ciando. Dictatorship of Mel. The term of General Lpez haying expired. General Jos M. Obando was eleeted president. He was inaugurated in 1853. During his term a new constitution of the country was promulgated. Political passions were very mueh exacerbated. There were several popular meetings in the streets of the city, which degenerated into riots among the diferent social classes. General Jos Mara Mel, who was the coramanderin-chief of the army, supported by the latter and by the
impas.sioned artisans, led a military insurrection in Bogot,
hizo dueo del gobierno. El escandaloso atentado de Mel y sus secuaces se consum sin derramar sangi'c, de este modo Muy avanzada la noche del ]6 de abril las tropas formaron en la plaza principal all concurrieron los artesanos con armas que sacaron del parque, y al amanecer el da 17, a los gritos de i Ahajo la Constitucin y el Congreso! Viva el ejrcito! se unan los disparos de can anunciando a los bogotanos que ya no exista el gobierno legtimo. Disolvise el Congreso Obando y sus ministros quedaron presos en el palacio, y el cabecilla Mel mand ofrecer la dictadura a aqul, que no la acept. Mel se declar en ejercicio del
:
and in April 17, 1851, took possession of the government. The scandalous attempt of Mel and his foUowers was efected without any bloodshed in the following manner: Late on the night of April 16th, the army was lined up on the principal square; it was joined by the artisans, who had taken arms out of the armory, and at daybreak of
the 17th there were cries of
"Down
live the
army!" which,
Bogot that the legitmate government had ceased Mel dissolved Congress, and Obando and his ministers were iraprisoned in the palace. Mel ofEered the dictatorship to Obando, who refused it. Mel then de-
poder supremo.
La dictadura de Mel no fu de larga duracin. Los pueblos acudieron a defender el gobierno legtimo representado por el vicepresidente de la repblica, don Jos de Obalda, y por el Designado para ejercer el poder ejecutivo, General Toms Herrera; en muchas partes se organizaron tropas contra el usurpador. Los hombres eminentes de los partidos liberal y conservador se pusieron en armas para restablecer el imperio de la ley. y salvar la repblica de una vergonzosa dictadura que dur unos pocos meses. Por el triunfo de tan bella causa se derram sangre generosa; perdi la vida el General Toms Herrera, entre muchos, y el General Francisco de Paula Vlez, que hizo la campaa como simple soldado, fu herido en un combate. Con el ejrcito vencedor, que tena cerca de nueve mil hombi'es, llegaron a Bogot los cuatro anteriores presidentes de la Nueva Granada Mrquez, Herru, Mosquera y Lpez. Restablecido el gobierno legtimo de la reMallarino. pblica, el seor Obalda sigui ejerciendo el poder ejecutivo hasta que lo reemplaz (1855) el doctor Manuel Mara Mallarino. ste se distingui como gobernante, por su moderacin, honradez y patriotismo.
:
elared himself in absolute command. Melo's dictatorship was short-lived. The people arse to defend the legitmate government represented by the vice-president of the republic, Don Jos de Obalda, and
by Designado (Lieutenant President) General Toms HeMilitary organizations arse against the usurper The prominent men of the liberal and conservative parties also arse to reestablish the reign of law and save the republic from a disgraceful dictatorship. This dictatorship lasted but a few months. In overthrowing it, much generous blood was spilled: General Toms Herrera, besides others, was killed General Francisco de Paula Vlez, who fought in the ranks as a prvate,
rrera.
was wounded in a battle. With the victorious army, which consisted of about 9000 men, the previous four presidents of New Granada, Mrquez, Herrn, Mosquera and Lpez,
arrived at Bogot. Mallarino. The legitmate government having been reestablished, Obalda continued as executive until 1855, when he was replaced by Dr. Manuel Mara Mallarino. The administration of Dr. Mallarino was distinguished for the moderation, honesty and patriotism of this magistrate.
LA CONFEDERACIN GRANADINA
De 1858 a 1861 la repblica tom el nombre de Confederacin Granadina, y tuvo una nueva Constitucin. El doctor Mariano Ospina, ciudadano respetable por su inteligencia, ilustracin y honradez, gobernaba el pas desde 1857. A l le toc poner en prctica la Constitucin
de la Confederacin Granadina. El Congreso de 1859 dio algunas leyes que motivaron la oposicin del partido liberal, especialmente una sobre elecciones; se exacei'baron los nimos y vino la guerra civil promovida por el General Mosquera. En medio de la contienda, terminado el perodo presidencial del doctor
GRANADIAN CONFEDERATION
From 1858 to 1861 the republic assumed the ame of Granadian Confederation, and liad a new Constitution. Dr. Mariano Ospina, a citizen of great intelligenee, learning, and honesty, had been president since 1857. It was his duty to put into efect the Constitution of the Granadian Confederation. The Congress of 1859 enacted several laws which gave rise to tlie opposition of the liberal party, especially a law on eleetions. Passion was worked up to a high pitch, and General Mosquera headed a civil war. During the struggle, the presidential period of Dr. Ospina having expired, and it having been impossible to hold new eleetions, the executive power was exereised by the procurator general of the republic, Dr. Bartolom Calvo (April 1, 18G1). The victori29
Ospina y no habiendo podido verificarse las elecciones de Presidente de la Repblica, ejerci el poder ejecutivo el Procurador General de la Nacin, doctor Bartolom Calvo (1 de abril de 18G1).
La revolucin triunfante reconoci a Mosquera como autoridad suprema, y l se daba el ttulo de Presidente provisorio de los Estados Unidos de Nueva Granada.
cus revolution aeknowledged Mosquera as supreme authority, and he assumed the title of Provisional President of
the United States of
New
Granada.
treaty witli the invaders, and, having rendered valuable service to his country, returned to the capital. While the new constitution was in forc, several prominent citizens of the liberal party filled the presidency of the republic; some of them were elected by popular vote for a term of two years, and others filled the office for a limited period as designados or procurators general. The presidents elected by popular vote were: Manuel Murillo Toro (1864) Toms Cipriano de Mosquera (1866) Santos Gutirrez (1868) Eustorgio Salgar (1870) Manuel
; ;
(l-os radicales) le hizo oposicin, que apoy el ConMosquera suspendi sus relaciones con el cuerpo legislativo, aprision a algunos diputados y a varios escritores pblicos y se declar investido del mando absoluto. Vino luego una conjuracin en que tomaron parte per-
liberal
greso;
muy distinguidas, la cual dio por resultado que en noche del 23 de mayo. Mosquera fu sorprendido en su palacio y reducido a prisin. El General Santos Acosta se encarg del gobierno y Mosquera fu juzgado por el Congreso, quien lo' suspendi del cargo de presidente y lo conden a sufrir, entre otras penas, dos aos de prisin, que Mosquera cambi por destierro del pas. Otro .suceso notable fu la guerra civil que estall en 1876. El partido conservador se levant en armas contra el gobierno general y los combates principales de aquella sangrienta revolucin, que al fln venci el gobierno, fueron Los Chancos, en el Valle Garrapata, en el Tolima Manizales. en Caldas y la Donjuana en Santander. La lucha termin en agosto de 1877. Los CongTesos anuales de los Estados Unidos de ColomPor una, se bia expidieron varias leyes de trascendencia. autoriz al gobierno para fundar una universidad en Bogot, con el nombre de Universidad Nacional, donde se estudiaba derecho, medicina, matemticas, ciencias naturales, artes y oficios, etc. y por otras se fomentaban la venida de extranjeros al pas (inmigracin), la explotacin de los bosques nacionales y la construccin de ferrocarriles y caminos. El telgrafo elctrico, que se estableci en la primera administracin del doctor Manuel Murillo Toro, se fu extendiendo poco a poco en todo el pas. Digna de alabanza es esta mejora de progreso debida al doctor iNIurillo, quien mereci la confianza del partido liberal, que lo tena como a su jefe y por eso ociip dos veces la primera magistratura. Naci en el Chaparral (Tolima) en 1816 y muri en Bogot (1880).
sonas
la
; ; ;
]\lurillo Toro (1872); Santiago Prez (1874); Aquileo Parra (1876) Julin Trujillo (1878) Rafael Nez (1880) Francisco J. Zalda (1882) Rafael Nez (1884). Each state enacted its own constitution, and there began a period of civil wars in all of them, in which political parA most important political event ties contended for power. took place in 1867, during the presidency of General Mosquera. The "radical" party, a faction of the liberal party, opposed General Mosquera, and in this opposition was supMosquera suspended his relations ported by Congress. with the legislative body, imprisoned several congressmen, and declared himself master with absolute power. Then followed a conspiracy in which many distinguished pei'sons took part, and the result of which was that on the night of May 23rd Mosquera was surprised in the palace and taken prisoner. General Santos Acosta took possession of the government, and j\Iosquera was tried bj^ Congress, which deposed him from the presidency and sentenced him, among other penalties, to three years' imprisonment, which Mosquera exchanged for exile from the country. Another notable event was the civil war that broke out in 1876. The conseiwative party rose in arms against the The battles of that bloody revolunational government. tion, which the government finally quelled, were the following: Los Chancos, in the Cauca Valley; Garrapata, in the State of Tolima Manizales, in Caldas La Donjuana, in Santander. The war ended in August, 1877. The congresses of the United States of Colombia enacted several very important laws. One of them authorized the government to found in Bogot a university, under the ame of National University, for the study of law, medicine, mathematics, natural science, arts and trades, etc. Others of these laws encouraged the immigration of for; ;
;
eigners, the exploitation of the national forests, and the The electric construction of railroads and other roads. telegraph, established during the first administration of
Dr. Manuel Murillo Toro, was gradually extended throughout the country. This improvement, accomplished by Dr.
He won the conMurillo, is specially worthy of praise. he was, and by leader whose party, fldence of tlie liberal which he wa.s twice elected to the presidency. He was born at Chaparral, Tolima, in 1816, and died in Bogot in
1880.
30
REPBLICA DE COLOMBIA
El gobierno de la Confederacin Granadina cay por la sangrienta guerra civil de tres aos, que empez en el Estado de Santander, y el de los Estados Unidos de ColomEl doctor Rafael Nez ejerca bia tuvo una suerte igual. la presidencia de la Unin en 188-i, y a fines de este ao estall otra guerra civil en la cual obtuvo el triunfo el gobierno. Nez fund el denominado partido nacional y acometi la empresa que l llam la Begeneracin, con el apoyo del partido consei-vador y de una parte del liberal que tena el nombre de indepe)idiente. Concluida la guerra, juzg el presidente Nez que era indispensable dictar una nueva Constitucin, por medio de delegatarios o representantes de los estados, que deban reunirse en Bogot y formar un Consejo Nacional; y al efecto lo convoc (1885). Tal corporacin se instal en la capital a fines del mismo ao, y Nez le dirigi un memorable mensaje en que expuso con franqueza sus ideas de gobierno. El Consejo de Delegatari,os acord la reforma de la Constitucin; adopt para el pas el nombre de Repblica de Colombia,, que an permanece, y eligi al doctor Nez presidente de ella; vicepresidente, al General Elseo Payan,
REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA
The govermnent of the Granadian Confederation fell through a bloody three-year civil war, which began in the State of Santander. The government of the United States Dr. Rafael Nez was of Colombia had a similar fate. president in 1884, and at the end of that year civil war broke out. The national government was victorious. Nez founded the so-called national party, and undertook a task which he called " Regenera tion, " with the support of the conservative party and a faction, called the independent party, o the od liberal party. After the war, President Nez thought it indispensable to frame a new Conby delgales and representatives frora the different to meet at Bogot and form a national council. He accordingly called such council in 1885. The council was inaugurated in the captol towards the end of the same year, and Nez addressed to it a memorable message in which he frankly expounded his ideas on governstitution
States,
who were
ment.
y Designado para ejercer el poder ejecutivo, al General Jos Mara Campo Serrano, quien entr a gobernar, porque
estaban ausentes de la capital los dos primeros. En agosto de 1886 expidi el Consejo la Constitucin de la repblica, que rige hoy con algunas modificaciones. En junio de 1887 tom posesin el doctor Nez de la presidencia ante el Consejo de Delegatarios, y en ese mismo ao celebr el gobierno un concordato o convenio con la Santa Sede Apostlica, en el cual, adems de reconocer la libertad e independencia de la iglesia catlica de la autoridad civil, quedai-on definidas y arregladas las relaciones entre las dos potestades. El presidente Nez se retir a Cartagena, y en agosto de 1888 entr a ejercer el gobierno el doctor Carlos lolgun, quien continu en la presidencia hasta 1892. En las elecciones que se verificaron en 1892 para presidente y vicepresidente de la repblica, fueron elegidos presidente, el doctor Nez, y vicepresidente, don Miguel Antonio Caro, quien entr a gobernar, porque el primero fij su residencia en Cartagena, donde muri dos aos El seor Caro gobern seis aos, y durante su despiis. administracin el partido liberal hizo una guerra civil que fu debelada en pocos meses. En 1898, el doctor Manuel Antonio Sanelemente y don Jos Alanuel Marroqun fueron electos, el primero, presiEsdente, y el segundo, vicepresidente de la repblica. tall a fines de 1899 una larga y terrible guerra civil en que fu vencido el partido liberal, despus de cerca de Merced al movimiento revolucionario tres aos de lucha. ocurrido en la capital el 31 de julio de 1900, llevado a cabo, sin derramamiento de sangre, por algunos hombres distinguidos del partido conservador, el doctor Sanelemente qued destituido del mando, y el seor ilarroqun lo asumi como vicepresidente hasta el fin del perodo. Durante l proclam su independencia el Departamento de Panam (3 de noviembre de 1903). Reyes. En las elecciones que se verificaron en 1904 fueron elegidos: presidente, el General Rafael Reyes, y vicepresidente, el General Ramn Gonzlez Valencia. El General Reyes entr a ejercer el poder el 7 de agosto de 1904. Clausuradas las sesiones del Congreso de ese ao en los primeros das del mes de diciembre, y despus de haber obtenido del General Gonzlez Valencia la renuncia de vicepresidente de la repblica, convoc la primer convencin, que inaugur con el ttulo de Asamblea Nacional Constituyente y Legislativa. Estas asambleas continuaron reunindose, en determinadas fechas, convocadas siempre por el gobierno. Reformaron la Constitucin nacional y diei'on al General Reyes una amplitud ilimitada de poderes.
31
The Council of Delgales approved the reform of the Constitution it gave to the nation the ame Republic of Colombia, which it still preserves, and elected Dr. Nez to the presidency, at the same time eleeting General Elseo Payan vice-president and General Jos Mara Campo Serrano designado. The latter took possession of the executive on account of the absence of the other two. In August, 1886, the Council promulgated the new Constitution of the republic, which is today in forc with sonie modifications. In June, 1887, Dr. Nez took possession of the presidency before the Council of Delgales, and in the same year the government entered into a coneordat or couvention with the Apostolic Iloly See, by whiel couvention, in addition to the recognition of the freedom and independence of the Catholie Church from the civil authority, the relations between the ecclesiastic and civil powers were defined and
;
settled.
President Nez retired to Cartagena, and in August, Holgun took possession of the government, which he continued to exercise up to 1892. In the 1892 presidential elections, the following persons were elected: for president, Dr. Nez; for vice-president, Dr. Miguel Antonio Caro. Dr. Caro took possession of the office, Dr. Nez having settled in Cartagena, where he died two years later. Dr. Caro ruled for six years, and dui'ing his administration the liberal party undertook a civil war, which was quelled in a few months. In 1898 Dr. i\Ianuel Antonio Sanelemente and Dr. Jos Manuel JMarroqun were elected president and vice-president respectivel.y. At the end of 1899 a long and terrible civil war broke out, in which the liberal party was defeated after a struggle of nearly three years' duration. By a revolutionary movement that occurred at the capital on July 31, 1900, carried out without any bloodshed by severa! prominent members of the conservative party, Dr. Sanelemente was deposed and Mr. i\Iarroqun took charge as vice-president, holding the office until the end of the term. During his administration tlie Department of Panam proclaimed its independence (Nov. 3, 1903). Reyes. In the 1904 elections General Rafael Reyes and General Ramn Gonzlez Valencia were elected president
1888, Dr. Carlos
and vice-president respectively. General Reyes was inaugurated on Augiist 7, 1904. The sessions of Congress having ended in the early part of Decembei", and after having obtained from General Gonzlez
Valencia his resignation as vice-president of the republic. General R^yes called a couvention, which he inaugurated with the title of National Constituent and Legislative Assembly. This assembly continued its sessions at specified It reintervals, always being called by the government. formed the national Constitution and gave General Reyes unlimited powers. During this administration several important works, such
LIBEO
ZXJl,
En la administracin Reyes se llevaron a cabo importantes obras de progreso, como el feTOcarril de Girardot, la prolongacin del de La Dorada, apertura y composicin de carreteras, embellecimiento de la capital, fundacin de la Escuela Militar, etc. Durante esta administracin desempe la presidencia,
por pocos das, su cuado el General Euclides de ngulo, en su calidad de Designado para ejercer el poder ejecutivo
transitoriamente. Debido a la actitud de connotados polticos, el 13 de marzo de 1909 se dio en Bog'ot el primer paso q\ie indujo al General Rej'es a convocar a elecciones populares para la reunin de un Congreso Nacional, y que puso u a este g-obieruo, pues tres meses ms tarde el presidente se ausentaba del pas, a, impulsos de una oposicin enrgica, organizada bajo el nombre de Unin Republicana y en la cual figuraban las personalidades ms salientes de todos los partidos. Ausente el General Reyes, ejerci el poder ejecutivo, como Designado, el General Jorge Ilolgun, hasta el 7 de agosto de 1909. Gonzlez Valencia. Vuelto el pas al rgimen constitucional, se reuni en Bogot el Congreso Nacional, el 20 de julio de 1909, el cual llev al poder al General Ramn Gonzlez Valencia, hasta el 7 de agosto de 1910. El General Gonzlez Valencia, que apenas tuvo tiempo de iniciar la normalidad legal, convoc, de acuerdo con las formalidades establecidas por la Constitucin, una asamblea nacional que reformara algunos de los actos de la administracin anterior. Una de las principales funciones de esta asamblea fu la de elegir presidente de la repblica, para el perodo de 1910 a 191-1, la cual recay en el doctor Carlos E. Restrepo. La administracin del General Gonzlez Valencia, aunque de muy corta duracin, se distingui por su absoluta honradez y economa en el manejo de los fondos nacionales. Restrepo. El 7 de agosto de 1910 entr a ejercer la presidencia el doctor Carlos E. Restrepo. quien sobresali por su modestia, su ab.soluta probidad en el manejo de los caudales pblicos, su amor a la libertad y su decisin en el empeo de que fueran respetados por todos los funcionarios pblicos, los derechos de los diferentes partidos. El doctor Restrepo inici la abstencin del ejrcito y de la polica en las elecciones populares, fu entusiasta sostenedor de la Escuela Militar, impuls la instruccin pbica y durante su gobierno se concluyeron importantes obras de progreso y se iniciaron otras. pesar de la oposicin de los Congresos, que le fueron siempre hostiles, el doctor Restrepo se distingui por su ecuanimidad y tolerancia, siendo i^rofundamente respetuoso de las libertades pblicas y de los derechos individuales. El 6 de abril de 1914 fi-m el tratado con Estados Unidos, que actualmente est sometido a la consideracin del Congreso norteamericano. El 6 de agosto del mismo ao, da anterior al en que declin el mando, los habitantes de Bogot, como exponentes del pueblo colombiano, hicieron la apoteosis de su gobierno, nico caso en la historia de la repblica, pues al salir de palacio, fu aclamado de manera entusiasta por una compacta muchedumbre, compuesta de las personalidades ms salientes del comercio, de la banca, de los industriales y obreros, y de ms de veinte mil personas de todos los partidos j de todas las clases sociales, quienes lo acompaaron hasta la residencia particular que se le haba ofrecido para pemianecer en ella hasta su regreso a Medelln, su
provisions of the Constitutiou, a national assembly to reacts of the previous administration. One of the principal f unctions of this assembly was to elect a president for the 1910-1914 presidential term. Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo was appointed. The administration of General Gonzlez Valencia, although of very short duration, was noted for the absolute
houesty and economy with which the public funds were administered. liestrepo. On Aug-ust 7, 1910, Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo was inaugurated president. le made hiuiself noted for his modesty, his irreproachable probity in the management of the public funds, his love of liberty, and his firm resolve that the rights of all parties should be respected by every public functionary. Dr. Restrepo initiated the exclusin of the army and plice forc from popular elections. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the Military School and fostered public instruction. During his administration several important works were finished and others were begun. Notwithstanding the opposition of congresses, which always were against him, Dr. Restrepo distinguished himself by his equanimity and tolerance, always being a serupulous respecter of public
and individual
rights.
1914, a treaty, now submitted to the consideration of the American Congress, was signed with the
On
April
6,
United States.
On August 6th of the same year, the day before Dr. Restrepo withdrew from ofSce, the inhabitants of Bogot, as representatives of the Colombian people, gave him an ovation, the only one of its kind recorded in Colombian history. On leaving the palace, he was enthusiastieally aeelaimed by a dense assemblage consisting of the most prominent representatives of the commercial, banking, industrial and labor interests of Bogot, and of more than 20,000 persons belonging to all parties and social classes.
He was by them aceompanied
had been offered
to
to the prvate residence that
him
to live
ciudad natal. Concha. Por votacin popular fu elegido el doctor Jos Vicente Concha, hombre eminentemente civil, que se posesion el 7 de agosto de 1914, y es el actual presidente de la repblica. Su perodo terminar en agosto de 1918. Los rasgos ms salientes de la vida ejemplar del doctor Concha y de su gobierno, se encuentran en la biografa que figaira en la primera pgina de este libro.
Concha. Popular vote elected to the presidency Di-. Jos Vicente Concha, a most prominent civilian, who took possession on August 7, 1914, and is the present executive of the republic. His term will end in August, 1918. The principal features of the exemplary life of Dr. Concha and of his administration are given in the biography at the beginning of this book.
32
Law
La
Commercial societies or eompanies residing outside of the republic and having established within its territory businesses of a permanent character, shall file, within six
months after beginning their respective businesses, the documents and charters relating to their foundation, with the notary of the jurisdiction where their headquarters are loeated. Stock eompanies shall also file with the same notary the documents establishing their state license, should such license be necessary for their legal existence. The
time shall be one year if such eompanies are already established in business in the republic. All foreigners arriving at the ports of Colombia and wishing to enter the national territory must bring with them passports properly made out and approved by the Colombian minister or cnsul in the foreign couutry or port from which they come. The passport must state the foreigner's
nationality, profession, antecedents, and good Should any foreigner be suspected as dangerous to public safety, he shall not be allowed to land, but shall be obliged to return on the same vessel that brought him. (Should there be any doubts in this respect, the governor of the respective department shall be consulted.) Likewise, persons who, in the opinin of the examining physician of the respective port, are sufering from contagious diseases, shall be barred from entering the country.
en
el pas.
Todo extranjero que llegue a los puertos de Colombia que quiera entrar en el pas, debe traer consigo un pasaporte en debida forma, visado por el Ministro o Cnsul colombiano del pas o puerto extranjero de procedencia. En el pasaporte debe constar la nacionalidad del extranjero, su profesin, antecedentes y buenas costumbres. En caso de que algn viajero fuere sospechoso para la seguridad pblica, no se le permitir desembarcar y se le obligar a regresar en el mismo buque en que haya venido. (Si hubiere dudas sobre este punto, se consultar con el gobernador del departamento respectivo.) Es igualmente prohibida la entrada al pas a individuos afectados de enfermedades contagiosas, a juicio del mdico de sanidad
del respectivo puerto.
moris.
la rep-
blica es el peso fuerte de oro dividido en cien centavos, equivalente a la quinta parte de una libra esterlina inglesa, tanto en peso como en ley y tolerancia de peso, con trece milmetros de dimetro y con poder liberatorio ili-
is
the gold
peso, divided into 100 cents, equivalent to one-fifth of one English pound sterling, as to weight, fineness and weight
mitado.
Las dems monedas de oro son: la libra colombiana, equivalente a cinco pesos fuertes, y la media libra, equivalente a dos y medio pesos fuertes. La libra colombiana
tiene veintids milmetros de dimetro; su ley ser 916 milsimos y 2/3 con tolerancia de dos milsimos en ms o menos. El peso de la libra en gramos es de 7.988, y el lmite de peso corriente es 7.93787. La media libra tiene un dimetro en milmetros 19.3; ley, 0.916% tolerancia, dos milsimos peso en gramos, 3.994; lmite de peso corriente, 3.96083. Las tolerancias de peso de la libra y la media libra colombianas son las mismas que las que actualmente corresponden a la libra esterlina y a la media libra esterlina
;
allowance. It shall have a diameter of 13 millimeters, and be legal tender. The other gold coius are: the Colombian pound (libra colombiana), equivalent to five pesos, and the half pound (media libra), equivalent to two and one-half
pesos.
twent.y-two millimeters
its
an allowance of two thousandths over or under. The weight of the pound in grams is 7.988, and the ordinai-y
The half pound has a diameter of 19.3 0.916% allowance, two thousandths weight, 3.994 gi-ams; ordinary limit, 3.96083. The allowances of weight in the Colombian pound and half pound correspond to those in the English pound and half pound
limit
is
7.93787.
;
millimeters
fineness,
inglesas.
sterling.
vincia,
que se extienden a ms de una proaquellos que sirven para el comercio exterior, pueden ser navegados libremente por toda clase de buques mercantes de cualquier porte, ya sean nacionales o extranjeros; y sus riberas son de libre acceso para cuantos nave-
Los
ros navegables
guen por ellos. Los gobiernos municipales y los dueos de las tierras adyacentes, no pueden imponer derecho alguno sobre la navegacin de tales ros, sobre los buques que la hagan, ni sobre las mercaderas y dems objetos que en stos se transporten. , PATENTES DE INVENCIN. Todo descubrimiento o invencin nueva en cualquier gnero de industria da a su autor, bajo las condiciones y por el tiempo expresado en la ley, el derecho de aprovecharse exclusivamente de su invencin o de su descubrimiento. Este derecho se garan;
Navigable rivers that traverse more than one province, and those used for export commeree, may be freely navigated by all kinds of merchant vessels, whether national or foreign, and their shores are free to all persons navigating them. Neither municipal governments or the owners of adjoining land maj' impose duties of any kind on the navigation of such rivers, on the vessels engaged in it, or on the merehandise or other objeets transported by said vessels.
Invention Patents Every discovery or invention in any department of industry gives its author, according to the terms and for the time pi'eseribed by law, the exclusive
right to the use of his invention or discovery,
This right
33
guaranteed by patents issued by the executive power of title "Invention Patents" ("Pa-
Every Colombian or foreigner who invents or improves any machine, mechanical device, combination of materials or methods of useful applieation to industry, the arts, or science, or some manufactured or in-
may obtain from the executive a patent insuring to him or to those whom he represents with legal power, the exclusive manufacture, sale or use of his invention or improvement. Every Colombian or foreigner owning a trade-mark or a commercial mark may acquire exclusive right to use it within the territory of the republic, through the formality of registering it in the respective office, in compliance with The person or companj^ that the provisions of the law. fi'st makes use of a trade-mark is the only one having a right to take a patent on it. In case of dispute between two or more owners of the same mai'k, the patent shall belong to the older owner, and if the time of ownership should be the same, to the first owner having applied for registry at the respective office.
dustrial produet,
Colombia ha.s 1.600 miles of eoast on the Atlantic, and 1,500 on the Pacific, with ports of large capacity on both oceans. The capital that maj^ be invested in Colombia will find exceptional opportunities. It would not be difficult to secure contracts for the construction of public works of great
Negocios posibles. Algunos negocios, como los de minera, ganadera y explotacin de bosques, tienen en Colombia un porvenir prximo y halagador. Minera. En Colombia se encuentran todos los metales y minerales conocidos. Algunos, como el platino y las esmeraldas, no se encuentran, en cantidades apreciables, en ningn otro pas, con excepcin de Rusia. En orden a su importancia, pueden dividirse las minas de Colombia as: 1. minas de oro; 2. juinas de petrleo; .3. minas de carbn. Hasta ahora la explotacin de esas minas se ha hecho con escasos capitales, lo cual no ha sido obstculo para formar grandes fortunas. El nmero de minas conocidas en Colombia es el siguiente
Some lines of business, such as inining, cattle raising, and lumbering, have in Colombia a very promising near future. Mining. In Colombia are found all known metis and minerals. Some of them, such as platinum and emeralds, are not found in any appreeiable quantities in any other
country, except Russia. In the order of their importance, the mines of Colombia ma.y be classified as follows: (1) gold mines; (2) oil fields;
(3) coal fields.
Heretofore the exploitation of these mines has been carried on with small capitals, which, however, has not prevented the aceumulation of vast fortunes. The number of mines known in Colombia is as follows
502 641
all
of of of of of
Antioquia, Nario,
Caldas, Tolima,
El Valle,
to
502 641
coal,
Colombia no tiene necesidad de importar carbn, porque hay en todas las regiones del pas. La explotacin del carbn se ha reducido a satisfacer las necesidades internas. Las minas podran perfectamente surtir a los pases vecinos, y al efecto podran establecerse grandes depsitos de carbn a uno y otro lado del Canal de Panam. El petrleo se encuentra en grandes cantidades en el interior y en las costas de la repblica. Exmenes hechos por buenos peritos prueban que Colombia puede perfectamente competir con Mjico en riqueza petrolfera. El petrleo se explota actualmente en mu3' pequea
escala.
import
which
is
found in
parts of the country. The exploitation of coal has not been carried on until now farther than is necessary for domestie cousumption. The coal mines could ver.y well supph' neighboring countries, and for this purpose large coal depots could be established ou both sides of the Panam Canal. Petroleum is found in large quantities in the interior and near the coa-sts of the republic. Examinations made by competent experts show that Colombia can very well compete with Mxico as to its oil wealth. The oil fields are at present worked on a very small scale.
34
escala.
Quedando mucho ms' cerca de los Estados Unidos que Argentina o el Uruguay, Colombia podra exportar carnes y ganados a precios que no permitiran la competencia. Sus puertos del Atlntico quedan a 1,600 millas de Nueva York y a 1,400 de Nueva Orlens.
la
Hoy Colombia tiene apenas siete millones de cabezas de ganado vacuno. En el ao de 1915 se exportaron 7,000 cabezas a Panam y las Antillas. Actualmente se estn estableciendo packing-liouses modernas, lo que har que la exportacin de carnes sea mucho mayor. Maderas. Se encuentran en Colombia toda clase de maderas Anas, como caoba, cedro y nogal. Regiones extensas estn cubiertas de madera dura, como guayacn, quebracho, etc. Se encuentran tambin palos ricos en tanino, como el mangle. Los bosques ricos en maderas se encuentran a la orilla de
Cattle Raising. Colombia has vast plains in all climates, capable of feeding large numbers of cattle both for domestic consumption and for export on a large scale. As the republic is much nearer the United States than is Argentina or Uruguay, Colombia eould export meat and cattle at prices that could not be competed with. Its Atlantic ports are 1,600 miles from New York and 1,400 from New Orleans. At prsent Colombia has only 7,000,000 head of cattle. In 191.5 it exported 7,000 head to Panam and the West Indies. At present, modern packing-houses are being established, whieh will greatly iucrease the beef exports. Lumber. Colombia has all kiuds of fine woods, such as mahogany, cedar, and walnut. There are vast regions covered with hard-woods, such as lignum vitae, quebracho, etc. There are also found several trees, as the mangrove tree, rich in tannin. The woods abounding with valuable timber are loeated on the banks of easily navigable rivers. It is thus seen that Colombia possesses great natural wealth, the development of which needs nothing but capi-
ros
de fcil navegacin.
el
tal.
pas tiene grandes riquezas naturales, a las cuales slo falta capital que las desarrolle. Los liarlos de Colombia. En lo anterior no se ha hecho
mencin de Colombia oriental, es decir, de las inmensas llanuras baadas por los grandes ros navegables que desembocan en el Amazonas y en el Orinoco. Esas tierras son por lo general perfectamente planas y cubiertas de pastos naturales, donde se alimentan numerossimos rebaos, salvajes en su mayor parte, y cuyo nmero exacto no es conocido. Se encuentra tambin petrleo, que puede verse correr por sobre los ros. El oro es abundante, como lo prueba el hecho de que los conquistadores situaron all El Dorado. Una empresa colonizadora que obtuviera concesiones semejantes a las de los ingleses en frica podra transformar esas regiones inmensas en venero inagotable
Golombian Llanos. In the foregoing nothing has been said of eastern Colombia, that is to say, of the immense plains watered by lai-ge navigable rivers which empty into
the
Amazon and
flat,
Orinoco.
and are eovered with natural grasses, where numerous herds, nearly all wild, feed. The exact number of these animis is not known. That regin contains also
fectly
Esa regin del porvenir tiene dos salidas: a Europa, por la va de los ros Orinoco y Amazonas; al Pacfico, por medio de un ferrocarril de fcil construccin que, aprovechando una depresin del terreno, podra llegar
de riquezas.
Valle del Pata, el cual sale al Pacfico, a dos das de distancia del Canal de Panam. fin de que las riquezas latentes Vas de comunicacin. de Colombia puedan ser explotadas, enriqueciendo al mismo tiempo a quienes acometan la empresa, ser preciso construir vas de comunicacin rpidas y baratas, ferrocarriles, canales, etc., etc. La obra ser fcil y ventajosa. Cualquier camino que se construya dar pinge utilidad, porque atravesar regiones ricas y pobladas. El sistema de vas de comunicacin de Colombia tiene como centro al ro Magdalena, que es para el pas lo que el Misisip para los Estados Unidos. El ro es navegable para grandes buques en una extensin de 600 millas, a contar de su desembocadura, y en 300 millas ms para barcos ms pequeos. Por esa va entran a Colombia las mercaderas extranjeras, y por ella salen las exportaciones del pas, pues los centros de consumo y produccin estn situados a poca distancia de esa gi-ande arteria fluvial. Tomando pues el ro Magdalena como base de futuras vas de comunicacin, y limpiando bien sus bocas para permitir la entrada de barcos de gran calado, sera necesario construir las siguientes vas frreas
al
petroleum, which may be seeu floating on the rivers. Gold is plentiful, as evidenced by the fact that the conquerors loeated El Doi'ado there. colonizing enterprise that should obtain concessions similar to those of the English in frica, could transform those immense lands into sources of inexhaustible wealth. This is the regin of the future. It has two exits one to Europe via the Orinoco and Amazon rivers; one to the Pacific by means of an easily constructed railroad which, taking advantage of a natural depression of the ground, could go to the Pata valley, the Pata river emptying into the Pacific at a distanee of two days' sailing from the Panam Canal. Ways of Convmunication. In order that the great latent wealth of Colombia may be succe.ssfully and profitably exploited, it will be necessary to construet rapid and cheap wa.ys of transportation, such as railroads, eanals, etc., etc. This work is comparatively easy, and would be most beneficial. Railroads that may be constructed will be a source of profit, as they will pass through rich and well-inhabited
regions.
The transportation sj^stem of Colombia has as its center Magdalena river, which is to that eountry what the Mississippi river is to the LTnited States. The Magdalena river is navigable by large boats to a distanee of 600 miles, starting from its mouth, and by small boats to an additional disthe
tanee of 300 miles. It is the way through which all foreign goods enter Colombia, and through which all exports leave the eountry, as the centers of consumption and prodnction are situated a short distanee from that river. Taking therefore the Magdalena as a center, and dredging its mouth so as to allow the entrance of heavy vessels, it would be necessary to construet the following railways:
1.
1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
De De De De De De
2.
3.
Tamalameque a Ccuta.
Puerto Wilches a Bogot. Puerto Berro a Medelln (ya construida). Girardot a Cali (en parte construida).
4. 5.
6.
to Cartagena (already built). Tenerife to Santa Marta. Tamalameque to Ccuta. Puerto Wilches to Bogot. Puerto Berro to Medelln (already built). Girardot to Cali (partly built).
Calamar
Todas estas vas seran afluentes de una gran va central, que correra de Neiva a Barranquilla. Esto supondra la construccin de 2,800 millas de vas nuevas o prolongaciones de las vas ya existentes.
35
All these lines would be branehes of a large trunk line running from Neiva to Barranquilla. This would involve the construction of 2800 miles of new lines or extensions of already-existing lines. There remain to be built other
Quedan por construir otras vas importantes a travs de regiones ricas en minas y pastos por ejemplo
;
1.
2.
3.
Csar.
2.
3. 4.
Prom Medelln to Puerto Csar. From. Medelln to Cali. Prom Bogot to the Meta.
Prom
the Pata river to the
4.
Del Pata a las regiones amaznicas. Estas vas suponen la construccin de 1,200 millas de
Amazon
regin.
ferrocarril.
El capital necesario para el desarrollo de los ferrocarriles nombrados, calculndolo a razn de $50,000 por milla, sera de $200 millones. Agregando a esta suma lo necesario para mejora de puertos, drenaje de ros, etc., podremos llegar a $250 millones. Esa suma, muy inferior a lo gastado por los ingleses en la Argentina, representara una invei*sin
til
The aggregate length of these lines would be 1200 miles. The necessary capital for the development of the above railroads, counting at the rate of $50,000 per mile, would be two hundred million dollars. Adding to this the necessarj^ amount to improve ports, dredgiug, etc., the total may reach $250,000,000. This sum, which is by far inferior to that spent by the English in Argentina, would be a most
profitable investment. It sliould not be forgotten tliat the government of Colombia subsidizes the construction of railwaj^s witli $10,000 per kilometer, and grants publie lands on either side of the
y productiva.
No debe olvidarse que el gobierno de Colombia subvenciona la eonstiiiccin de ferrocarriles con $10,000 por kilmetro, y concede baldos a uno y otro lado de la va. La ley otorga privilegio a la compaa constructora para explotar el ferrocarril durante 50 aos, prorrogables por 25 ms, al cabo de los cuales tiene derecho el gobierno para
comprar
el ferrocarril.
road.
The law grants to the eonstructing companies the priviwork their railroads for a period of 50 years, which may be extended 25 years more, at the end of which the government has the right to buy the road.
lege to
Oro
Mineral
Barras, 175,028 onzas
Ore
Ingota, 175,028 ounces Coins of the United States Coins of other countries
$3,950,633
$3,950,633
Silver
$25,559 78,576
1,419 1,651
Ore
Refined, 152,341 ounces Coins of the United States Coins of other countries
$25,559 78,576
1,419 1,651
107,205
$107,205
$4,057,838
Valor total
$4,057,838
$66,790
Platino
El platino se avalu por la Aduana de Nueva York as Platino en bruto Platino en barras
Total
Platinum
The platinum was appraised by the New York custom-house
$451,660
19,278
thus:
Raw
$451,660
19,278
$470,938
$470,938
Contra las exportaciones de Colombia a los Estados Unidos, Colombia import de este pas lo siguiente
1913, $5,748,859; $7,397,696; 1914, $6,786,153; 1915, $6,675,654. Como resumen general de valores, suponiendo una poblacin de cinco millones en Colombia, tendrase que
Valor:
1911,
$4,905,934;
1912,
cada colombiano export a los Estados Unidos o import de los EE. UU., en los referidos aos fiscales, lo siguiente Export: 1911, 1.79; 1912, 2.24; 1913, 3.19; 1914, 3.21;
1915, 3.79.
$3.21 $1.35
1915, $3.79.
1915, $1.34.
36
in
the World
There
vsfhich
is no regin in the world under any government has been so prodigiously favored by nature as Co-
lombia.
Colombia, owing to its peculiar geographical position, alone possesses the advantages enumerated below:
1. coast on both oceans, the Atlantic and Pacific (and the only South American country having such a position).
2.
esta suerte favorecido). Posible comunicacin por agua, por los afluentes de los ros Orinoco y Amazonas, con la mayor parte de Sur-
Amrica.
3.
Possible water coramunication through the tributaOrinoco and the Amazon rivers with most of the other countries of South America.
2.
rles of the
i.
5.
6.
que los barcos de todas las partes del hacer el circuito de su navegacin comercial, no tendran inconveniente en llamar a uno de sus puertos si as lo demandaran sus negocios. Libre, como el Canad y Rusia, del invonveniente de fronteras infranqueables de todos lados. Ventajas de situacin referentes a las grandes trombas de viento, pues casi no tiene regiones desiertas. Ser el pas ms grande de los prximos al gran centro comercial ciue necesariamente ser el Canal de
Colocacin
tal,
3.
mundo,
al
all
Basy access due to its position so that the ships from parts of the world eould without inconvenience cali at
her ports while going around in their comjjiercial pursuits and carrying on business.
4.
Freedom,
like
Advantage of location for, having no desert regions, safe from the cyclones which ravage other American
Its being the largest
is
countries.
7.
Panam. El mejor colocado de los pases latinoamericanos, para grandes mercados mundiales. Lneas^ directas lo ponen en comunicacin con todos los puntos del Nueva York, Nueva Orlens, Liverpool, universo Londres, Hamburgo, Amberes, Bordeaux, Cdiz, Gibraltar, Cape-Town, Ro Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Melbourne, Sdney, Hong-Kong, Shanghai, Yokohama, y San Francisco; estas lneas son quizs ms
:
cortas que las trazadas entre otras unidades polticas Esto significar, en su debido de mayor cuanta.
tiempo, una enorme superioridad en la competencia de impuestos de transporte, y har a este pas absolutamente libre de dependencias de otras naciones.
country near the Panam Canal, become a commercial center. 7. The best situated Latn American country in relation to world markets. Direct lines of communication join it to all the world 's marts: New York, New Orleans, Liverpool, London, Hamburg, Antwerp, Bordeaux, Cdiz, Gibraltar, Cape Town, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Melbourne, Sydney, Hong-Kong, Shanghai, Yokohama and San Francisco. These lines are shorter perhaps than those coiinecting any other country with the above named places. This means, in due time, an enormous superiority in the competition rates and freight charges, and will make Colombia absolutely independent of other countries.
6.
which
bound
to
se
irrigacin, abastecimiento de agiias potables y necesidades industriales; y stas sirven como indicio de las lluvias y
Colombia est maraviEn su interior hay ros, el del Orinoco y el del Amazonas y un gran nmero de pequeos ros. Colombia podra igualar en esto a un pas que estuviera formado por Suiza como centro, y los valles del Rin, Rdano, Danubio y Po; agregando el hecho de que las montaas de Colombia son cinco mil pies ms altas que los Alpes, y el ro Magdalena mucho ms grande que el Danubio. Colombia tiene en su territorio diez ros que sobrepasan en tamao al Pludson. Entre ellos el Magdalena, de 720 millas de largo el Cauca, 600 millas, y el Atrato, 240, que desembocan en el Atlntico; el Meta y el Guaviare, cada uno de cerca de 400 millas, en el Orinoco; el ro Negro, el Vaups, el Yapur, el Putumayo y el apo, de 300 a 500, en el Amazonas. Los ltimos siete ros son ms largos de lo que aparecen en los datos anteriores, que slo se
como evidencia de
la
fertilidad.
The drainage system of a country may be appraised in terms of transportation, water supply and industrial requirements. It also evinces the rainfall and fertility. Colombia is wonderfully provided in this respect, having two wide and extensivo river systems, namel.y, the Orinoco and
the
ers.
Amazon
number of
sraaller riv-
So that in its water system, Colombia could be compared to a country formed by Switzerland in the center with the valleys of the Rhine, Rhone, Danube and Po as tributaries. To which must be added that the mountains of Colombia are 5,000 feet higher than the Alps, and the Magdalena river much bigger than the Danube. There are ten rivers within the boundaries of Colombia which surpass the Hudson in size. These are: the Magdalena, 720 miles long the Cauca, 600, and the Atrato, 240 miles, which three flow into the Atlantic the Negi'o, the Vaups, the Yapui-, the Putumayo, and the apo, frora 300 to 500 miles in length, all of which flow into the Ama; ;
refieren a la parte de su curso en territorio de Colombia. Hay adems, ros importantes que desembocan el el Pacel Pata, 200, y el Mira, 150. fico el San Juan, 160 millas
: ;
zon.
is
fers only to that part of their eourse situated within the territory of Colombia.
Es generalmente ignorado que en Colombia haya i'o alguno entre los que desaguan en el Pacfico, tan grande como el Hudson, pero el Pata es igual al mayor de los ros de Nueva York.
37
There are also important rivers that empty into the Palike the San Juan, 160 miles; the Pata, 220 miles; and the Mira, 150 miles. It is not generally known that Colombia possesses any river flowing into the Pacific as
cific,
is
The eourse of these rivei's together is over 5,000 miles long; and there is hardly a place, as seen on the map, M'here at least 100 miles of naviState.
New York
Of no
All these rivers flow from a regin 15,000 feet above the
sea, so that their
water power
is
very great.
Supposing
that their length were only 400 miles, the declivity would be 37^/2 feet per mile. This would faciltate irrigation in any part of the country where it might be required in the
dry season. The topography of the country shows an extraordinary combination of mountains, valleys and plains. Over an
rea of about 150,000 square miles, or twice the surface of Eugland, the elevation is over 7,000 feet, almost on the equator, and yet enjoying a delightful climate due to its altitude. Due to the way in which the raountain ranges are arranged, there is hardly a point on the low coasts farther than 150 miles from such high places; which means that sooner or later it will only require an automobile trip of five hours to get away from the torrid heat or that one could go by express to spend the night in a cool climate, and return to the coast next morning. Such topographical features afford a great variety of soils and also a good natural drainage system. And as a large part of the land is of volcanic origin, it is charged with lava and humus containing organic matter produced by the exuberant vegetation resulting from much rain and
;
a tropical climate.
Colombia has a mineral wealth of large extent, both geographically and geologically speaking. There are already known many deposits of coal, iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, emeralds and crude oil but only a small part of the potential mineral wealth is yet known or exploited. Colombia occupies the firsst place in the produetion of emeralds and the second in that of platinum, which is the
;
las regiones comprendidas entre las fronteras del pas, es una variedad tal de productos minerales, como no puede encontrarse en ninguna otra parte. Las costas del Caribe fueron probablemente sumergidas; el vasto desmoronamiento de las dos cordilleras andinas, debi cubrir las antiguas playas y su densa vegetacin; por esto hay all depsitos de carbn. Las montaas en el lado oriental son mucho ms deleznables que las otras, y exponen las ms profundas rocas de granito y esquisto y por lo mismo traen el oro que usualmente rueda con ellas casi hasta la supei"ficie; mientras que la actividad volcnica de las montaas occidentales traslada los depsitos del ms pesado de los metales, el platino, a donde es conveniente. La afluencia volcnica en tales lugares tamljin contribuye a la cristalizacin de la rocas, produciendo piedras gemas y otros valiosos cuerpos. La riqueza de los bosques no requiere muy extensa explicacin. Hay vastas extensiones no slo de los mejores cauchos sino tambin de toda suerte de gigantescos troncos cedros, acacias, caobas y enorme cantidad de preciosas maderas cuya clasificacin botnica nunca se ha hecho. La parte oriental del pas, que es atravesada por los tributarios del Amazonas y el Orinoco, comprende una de las
only precious metal worth more than gold. The geology of the regions coraprised within the boundaries of the country presents such a variety of mineral products as is not to be found in any other country. The deposits of coal ai'e explained by the hypothesis that the shores of the Caribbean sea were submerged at one time and that the ancient coast was covered by the detritus of the Andes carried down, and by dense vegetation. The mountains on the eastern side are much more easily eroded, and thus the deep granite and schists were exposed to erosin, bringing the gold and other metis, which usually accompany them, to the surface while on the western cordillera the volcanic activity stirred up and moved the deposits of platiniuu^he heaviest of metis to the lower The places where they are conveniently found today.
;
volcanic flow there also contributes to the crystallization of the rocks, producing precious stones and other valuable
minerals.
tion.
mejores selvas del mundo. En ella hay palmas de aceite, marfil y coco, rboles de quinina (cinchona), las ms
valiosas orqudeas,
plantas medicinales, plantas fibrosas, fabrican los sombreros panameos, etc. Volmenes enteros podran ser llenados con el estudio de
The wealth of the forests does not require much explanaThey contain large zones of the best quality of rubber trees, also corpulent cedar, acacia, mahogany trees, building woods and precious ones such as are unknown outside of Colombia and have not been even classified by the botanist. The forests of the Orinoco and the Amazon There are found the most are the largest in the world.
valuable orchids, medicinal plants, palms like the one used
for
paja
con
que
making Panam
;
Los pastos naturales son abundantes en las sabanas y a largo de las costas; actualmente mantienen grandes dehesas de ganado y podran mantener millones ms.
38
Natural pastures abound in the plains and along the littoral they support at present many herds of cattle, but they could support millions more.
el mundo que tenga toda variedad de elementos favorables. Es .sta una tierra tarde o temprano alcanzar maravilloso desarrollo la con mayores ttulos lleva el nombre de Cristbal Coln, deba pertenecer al continente.
;
esta
The meteorology of Colombia is fundamentally different from that of any other regin of the Pacific, ovv'ing to the fact that the great mountain ranges are arranged in sueh a way as to receive the winds both from the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. This results in an abundance of rains all over the couutry. It is no exaggeration to state there is no country on earth possessing such favorable elements, so that sooner or later Colombia is bound to have a marvelous development which will entitle her to have been named after Columbus, a ame which should have been given to all the American Continent.
PESAS.
es el
MEDIDAS Y TRANSPORTES
The official system of weights and measures is the decimal metric system, whose units are Unit of lengtli, the meter Unit of weight, the kilogram Unit of capacity, the liter Unit of surface, the hektare, which is equivalent to 100 meters square, or 10,000 square meters Unit of volume, the cubic meter In addition, the following units are issued: the vara (80 eentimeters), the cuadra (80 meters), the league (5000 meters), the ounce (28 grams), the pound (286, 280 or 500 grams, aceording as the English, Granadian or Prench pound is used), the arroba (25 pounds), the carga (10 arrobas), the bottle (750 grams), the galln (5 bottles), the fanegada (80 square meters), and the ton. Although there is no uniformity in the use of weights and measures, the decimal metric system is used offieially and in nearly all important transactions. Coffee is sold in 72i/^-kilo sacks at wholesale, and is reTransportation is effected by railtailed by the pound. The road, wagons, mules, steamboats and smaller craft. freight rates in the Magdalena river are paid either by weight or by bulk. From the port of Barranquilla to La Dorada one ton pays 1-4 dollars, and 1 cubic meter, 7 dolTo this must be added 4 dollars per ton for the cleanlars. ing and canalizing of the river.
de medida o capacidad el litro. de superficie: la hectrea, igual a un cuadrado de 100 metros por lado y equivalente a 10,000 metros cuadrados.
la cuadra (80 (5000 metros), la onza (28 gramos), la libra (286, 280 o 500 gramos, segn se trate de la libra inglesa, granadina o francesa), la arroba (25 libras), la carga (10 arrobas), la botella (750 gi-amos), el galn (5 botellas), la fanegada (80 metros cuadrados), y la tone-
metros), la legua
lada.
Aun cuando no hay uniformidad en el sistema de pesas y medidas, se usa el sistema mtrico decimal en lo oficial y en la maj^or parte de las transacciones de importancia. El caf en grano se vende por sacos de 721/2 kilos, y al
detal por libras. Los transportes se hacen en ferrocarril, en carros de ruedas o a lomo de mua; los fluviales en el ro Magdalena y sus afluentes, en el Zulia y el Meta. El precio de la carga en el Magdalena se paga segn el peso o segn el volumen. La tonelada paga del puerto de Barranquilla al de La Dorada a razn de $14 (dlares) y el
metro cbico a razn de $7. Esto adems de un recargo de $4 por tonelada para la limpia y canalizacin del ro.
NAVEGACIN EN COLOMBIA
Navigation in Colombia
Colombia se divide en nueve regiones hidrogrficas, a saber: las hoyas de tres grandes ros: Magdalena, Orinoco, Amazonas; las de los ros de segundo orden, que son el Pata, el San Juan, el Sin y el Zulia, y dos regiones costaneras excbsivamente, sobre el Pacifico y el Caribe, divididas en varias zonas. Cuanto a la hoya del Magdalena, geogrficamente considerada, apenas es de cuarto o quinto orden en el globo, y las vaguadas del Orinoco y el Amazonas slo en pequea parte tocan al pas siempre como frontera cuyo territorio da al segundo ros mayores o iguales al Colombia is divided into nine liydrographic regions namely-: the basins of the three large rivers Magdalena, Orinoco and Amazon those of the second-class rivers Pata, San Juan, Sin and Zulia, and two seaboard regions on the Pacific and Caribbean, divided into several zones. The Magdalena basin, geographically considered, oecupies only fourth or fifth rank among the basins of the earth, and as to the Orinoco and Amazon basins, only a small portion of them belongs to Colombia, although the latter country sends to the Amazon larger rivers than the Magdalena. The rivers that are navigable by steamboats and small craft are the following: the Magdalena, Cauca, Nech, PaCaquet, Sin, San Jorge, Atrato, Lebrija, Zulia, ta, Arauca, San Juan, Sogamoso, Meta, Cesar, Telemb, Putuma.vo, Vaups, and others of less iraportance. The Magdalena ma.v be considered as the collection of all the waters flowing from the greater part of the ColomIts bed vares between 800 and 1600 bian mountains. meters in width, with an average depth of 10 meters. The
;
mismo Magdalena.
Son, pues, navegables por buques de vapor y embarcaciones menores, los siguientes ros el Magdalena, el Cauca, el Nech, el Pata, el Caquet, el Sinii, el San Jorge, el Atrato, el Lebrija, el Zulia, el Arauca, el San Juan, el Sogamoso, el Meta, el Cesar, el Telemb, el Putumayo, el Vaups y otros de menor importancia. El Magdalena, en suma, se puede considerar como el conjunto de las aguas que se originan en la mayor parte
:
39
river rnns through a long and very fertile valley. There are on its banks forty towns. the last of which is Barranquilla, the most important port of the republie. The Magdalena river is divided into two parts by natnre the l^pper and Lowei- Magdalena separated by the Salto de Honda (Honda Rapids). The former is about 64 leagues in length, between Neiva and Honda the latter is about 200 leagues. between Honda and Barranquilla. The rapids break the continuity of navigation but this is not at present an obstacle to the development of commerce. The removal of them is not an easy matter, and perhaps it wonld not be advantageous to the navigation of the Upper Magdalena. It is believed that the elimination of the rapids will never become an imperative neeessity. The Magdalena river is the thalwcg of the great hydrographie basin fornied by the Central and the Eastern Cordillera, for it gathers all the waters flowing from the respective slopcs of both branclies. As, however, the Cauca river, in the central part of the Department of Antioquia, suddenly changes its south-and-north direction. and turns to the uortheast. its basin is a tributary of the JMagdalena basin, and therefore the latter receives in its lower part the waters rising on the western slope of the Central Cordillera and on the eastern slope of the Western CordilThe ]\Iagdalena valley varios in width according as lera. the two spurs of the two cordilleras forming the secondary and tertiary ranges of the two main branches approach or recede from one another, and in a general way the valley widens from sonth to north. The Central Cordillera ends near El Banco, and a .short distance before. the Eastern Cordillera begins to recede towards the uortheast. and terminates in the Goajira pennsula the valley proper is thus ended. and the river contines its course through the open plains forming the Departments of Magdalena, Bolvar and the Atlantic. Althongh the two cordilleras recede as they advanee towards the north. the valley is by no means uniform, for it has some irregularities caused by the variable distance separating the spurs of the mountains. Thus, it is not rare to see between Purificacin and Neiva large valleys and narrow gorges. like the Cabrera Nari'ows: similar variations are observed between Girardot and Honda. Likewise, in the Lower Magdalena, several gorges are found at places where the two mountain ranges come ver.v cise together; such are the narrows at Nare and Pen del Ca-
rare.
correspondiente inspeccin oficial, se hacen actualmente en los ros Magdalena y sus afluentes, Lebrija, bajo Cauca. Sogamoso, Nech y San Jorge, en el Atrato, en el Sin, en el alto Caiica, y en el Pata y Telembi. Para el arreglo y mejoramiento de esas vas se dispone de lo qne ellas mismas producen por razn de impuestos fluviales, que es en el ao prximamente $400.000. La seccin del Alto INIagdalena es muy diferente de la del Bajo, y los trabajos que sta necesita son, por consiguiente, de ndole absolutamente distinta a los que requiere aqulla, pues en casi toda su longitud las riberas son de roca, unas veces blanda y otras dura. De ah que en esa parte del ro el cauce no vare con la freciieneia y facilidad con que vara en el Bajo, en donde las riberas son sumamente bajas y de terreno de aluvin. Esta circunstancia es quiz la ms grave que se presenta para la realizacin de trabajos de canalizacin o de regularizacin, que es lo que este ro necesita, pues su caudal de aguas
es suficiente.
En
el alto
el servicio
de mejoramiento
de esa va, una pequea draga con propulsor propio, pero que no presta bien el servicio a que est destinada. En el
present, steam navigation, and the corresponding ofinspection. take place in the ^Magdalena river. its tributaries the Lebrija. lower Cauca. Sogamoso, Nech, and San Jorge, and in the Atrato, Sin. upper Cauca, Pata and Telembi. To the keeping and iniprovement of those waterways are devoted the f nnds that they themselves produce through fluvial imposts, which amount to about $400,000 per year. The Upper-Magdalena section is very different from that of the Lower. and the work that the latter requires is therefore entirely different from that required b.v the former. Throughout nearlj- the whole length of the Upper JMagdalena, the banks consist of either soft or hard rock. That explains why in that part of the river the bed does not vary so frequently as in the lower section, where the banks are very low and of alluvial character. This last circumstance is verj- serious in conneetion with the canalization and control of the river channel. which is the only thing needed, the volume of water being sutficient for navigation. In the upper Cauca there is a dredging machine for the improvement of the channel. but it does not give very In the Sinvi river there is also a satisfactory service. dredge, which. like the one in the upper Cauca, leaves mnch to be desired. The other navigable waterways have no elements for their maintenanee and improvement, and for this reason instrnctions have been given that all the
ficial
At
40
no tienen elementos con que atender a su limpieza y mejoramiento, por lo cual se ha dispuesto que de los fondos que ellas producen, se acumule uno de reserva para adquirir dichos elementos y subvenir a los gastos que impliquen las obras que haya necesidad de ejecutar. El Bajo (entre La Dorada y Barranquilla), cuyo lecho es una grava cuaternaria, cubierta de aluviones ms o menos recientes, es esencialmente atacable y presenta un ejemplo completo del fenmeno de desalojamiento de la corriente y de la incesante corrosin de las riberas. En los poqusimos puntos donde asoma en alguna orilla
revenues they produce shall be put together to form a reserve fund for the acquisition of general elements and to defray the expense of whatever work it may be necessary to do.
The Lower Magdalena, which extends from La Dorada Barranquilla, and whose bed consists of quaternarj^ gravel, covered by more or less recent alluvions. is exeeedingly erodible, and oers a striking illustration of the phenomenon of channel displacement caused by a constant eroto
una formacin ms resistente, que generalmente es la gi-ava de que se ha hablado, o una arenisca trapeana, de que hay alguna.s muestras en el ro, confirma la teora respecto a las reflexiones de la corriente sobre una orilla inatacable, o, hablando con ms propiedad, menos atacable que los aluviones; y cuando las dos orillas, como sucede en la Angostura de Nare, son resistentes, el ro, no pudiendo formar sus curvaturas, permanece invariable. As como en el Bajo Magdalena el valle va ensanchndose y por consiguiente prestndose a divagaciones consI
tantes del ro, en el Alto, en gi'andes trayectos, la naturaleza le ha puesto lmites al desgaste incesante de las
orillas,
por
el
acercamiento
de
las
cordilleras
que
lo
como sucede en casi todo el trayecto comprendido entre Girardot y Honda, y en el conocido con el nombre de Angostura de Cabrera. Corriendo el ro en estas partes y en algunos otros cortos
estrechan,
trayectos
sobre formaciones estratificadas del perodo cretceo, stas ofrecen resistencia al trabajo _del agua, y su lecho pennauece invariable. En varios lugares, como
de Girardot a Upito, Bizcochuelos y Guataqu, el curso del va obligado a ir encajonado entre cerros; y en otros, como en Camal, Los Monos, Gallinazo, Gallinacito, Bizcochuelos, Jaramillo, Colombaima, etc., la roca aflora al
ro
fondo y aun a la superficie del ro. stas son las diferencias geolgicas que existen entre el Alto y el Bajo Magdalena. Por lo dems, en otros lai'gos trayectos, especialmente en casi todo el comprendido entre Purificacin y Neiva, exceptuando la Angostura de Cabrera, las formaciones aluviales se presentan con caracteres anlogos a los del Bajo, y la frecuencia, amplitud y variacin de las curvas son semejantes, aunque en menor escala, por la menor cantidad de agua. El gobierno se ocupa en la actualidad, por conducto del ministro plenipotenciario de la repblica en Blgica y Holanda, en la consecucin en este ltimo pas de dos ingenieros hidrulicos que vengan a Colombia a efectuar
los estudios necesarios a la regularizacin
y canalizacin
de las vas navegables. Desembocadura del eo Magdalena en el mar. Bocas DE Ceniza. La desembocadura del ro Magdalena en el mar, por las Bocas de Ceniza, no da acceso a los buques a causa de una barra de arena, variable, formada en dicha desembocadura. Ahora bien: como es en extremo importante que los buques de mar puedan entrar al Magdalena, el gobierno contrat con la Julius Berger Tiefljau Aktiengesellschaft, de Berln, el levantamiento de los planos para la ejecucin de las obras de apertura y canalizacin de las Bocas de Ceniza y dems obras accesorias en el puerto de Barranquilla. La casa alemana citada cumpli su contrato, celebrado el 9 de mayo de 1913, y entreg los planos a que l se refiere, los cuales se hallan en poder del gobierno. La misma ca,sa hizo varias propuestas para la ejecucin de las obras proyectadas y para la consecucin de iin emprstito para realizarlas, pero tales propuestas no han podido traducirse en contratos definitivos, y la consideracin de ellas por parte del gobierno de Colombia se ha aplazado indefinidamente con motivo de la guerra europea.
In the very few points where there is on the banks a resisting formation, which generally is the gravel already mentioned, or some trapean sandstone, of which there are several instances in the river, they confirm the theory a.s to the reflection of the stream on non-erodible banks, or, more properly speaking. less erodible than alluvial formations and, wheu the two banks are non-erodible, as at the Nare Narrows, the channel remaius invariable, from the fact that the stream cannot change the banks. Just as in the Lower Magdalena the valley gradually widens and makes it possible for the river to wander; so too. in the Upper IMagdalena there are large sections where nature has put a limit on the constant iutrusions of the water, by bringing together the spurs of the enclosing cordilleras, as observed throughout nearly all the section between Girardot and Honda, and in the Cabrera Narrows. In these sections, and in some other short ones, the river bed is bounded by stratified cretaceous formations, which resist erosin, and so remains fixed. In some places, as from Girardot to Upito, Bizcochuelos and Guataqu, the river is constrained in its course by high peaks; and in others, as at Camal, Los IMonos, Gallinazo, Gallinacito, Bizcochuelos, Jaramillo, Colombaima. etc., the rock crops out at the bottom or even at the surface of the river. Such are the geographical di'erences between the Upper and the Lower Magdalena. It is to be observ'ed, however, that throughout long tracts of the Upper Magdalena, especially in almost the whole of the part between Purificacin and Neiva, exeepting the Cabrera Narrows, the alluvial formations have similar features to those of the Lower Magdalena, and therefore the frequency and dimensions of the bends are comparatively the same, although the volume of water is less. At present the national govemment is endeavoring to engage, through the Colombian ministers plenipotentiary in Belgium and lolland, two hydraulic engineers to conduct the necessai-y investigations for the regiarization and canalization of the national naAgable rivers. Bocas de Ceniza (Mouth of the Magdalena' River). The Bocas de Ceniza, as the mouth of the Magdalena is called, make navigation by large boats impossible, on account of a sandbar. of variable position and dimensions, which obIt being exceedingly important that ocean structs them. steamers may enter the river, the government made a contract with the Julius Berger Tiefbau Aktiengesellschaft of
more
Berln for making the surveys and maps necessary for the work of opening and canalizing the Bocas de Ceniza, and doing all the corresponding work required at Barranquilla.
just mentioned fulfiUed its contract, 1913, and delivered the maps, which are now in the government 's possession. The same firm made several propositions for the execufirn
The Germn
signed Maj^
9,
to
been reduced to a definitive contract, and the government 's consideration of the matter has been indefinitely postponed on account of the European war.
41
UERO
eiH se
AZITL
Las bases pan el emprstito do q\ic so deja lieeha inenl\allaii determinadas en las leyes 7o de l!Uo y 36 de r.>ir>. que tijaii un desonrnto inieial msiuium del 15%. un inters que no puede pasju- del ~'}'c anual, y el
Laws
de fondo de amortizaeit>n. 1.a primera de dielias leyes de la dmuin eon eineo unidades de la aduana de Rarranqnilla y eon el prodneto de los deriH'hos de puerto que se eobreu en esa aduana (.Ley 77 de IPll!'). Kamo de navegacin. Kste ramo se eneuentra bajo la dependencia del ]\liuisterio de Obras Pblieas.
2'7c
5i\rantiza el servit-io
73 of 1913, aJid 36 of li)l, whieh tix a mximum initial diseouut of 15 per eent, mximum interest of 7 per eeut per annum. and 2 per eent for tlie sinking fund. The former of those laws gnai'antees the loan with 5 per eent of the reeeipts of the Barranquilta eustom-honse. and with
the port tolls eolleeted at the sanie
(Law
77. lrj".
is
Bttrtau of Xavijatioi). The Burean of Navigation braueh of the Department of Publie Works.
TERRITORIAL
TERRITORLVL DIMSION
The Congress of Angostura, in its law of Decomber 17, 1819, created the Republic of Colombia, eonsistiug of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. The Constitutiou promulgatcd by the Congress of Rosario de Cuenta divided the territory into departments, these into provinees, the provinces into cautons. and the cautons into parishes. The laws of June 25, 1825, and April 18, 1826, divided the republic into twelve depai'tments, of whieh tive belonged to New Granada. lu 1832. after the Republic of Colombia was dissolved, Xew Granada was divided into provinces. each governed bv a governor. whose term was four yeai-s. The central rgime lasted until 1863. and was followed by the federal system. The states acquircd internal autonom.v. In 1863 the repidilic was divided into nine states. In 1886 the republic retnrned to ceutralism. a form whieh it still preserves. The congress is vested with the legislativo power: the oxecutive power is vested in the presideut. who holds office for a term of four years. The jndieial antborities are the Supremo Court, the Superior Tribunal, the Circuit Judges. and the Municipal Judges. The republic is divided into departments, intendancies, and special couuuissariats (comL<!aras^. Nearly all departmeut! aro subdivided into provinces. and these. in tnrn. Each department is rided b.v a into muuicipal districts. governor, appointed by the exeeutive, and an assembly. Each intendaney is administered by an intendant. and each conimissariat by a special comuiissary, or deptity. Each province is under a prefeet. and the municipalities are governed b.v nuiuieipal couneils and mayors. The departments are: Antioquia, Atlntico, Bolvar, Boyac, Caldas. Cundinamarca, Huila. ^lagdalena. Nario. Norte de Santander, Tolima. Santander, and El Valle. The intendancies are Choc. Mota, and San Andrs y Providenoia. The commissariats are: Arauca, Caquet. Goajira. Jurado. Putuma.vo. I'rab. and Vaups.
:
El Congreso de Aigostnra en su ley de 17 de dieiembro 1S1;1 ere la Repbliea de Colombia, compuesta de Colondna. Venezuela y el Ecuador. La constitucin expedida en 1821 por el Congreso del Rosario de Cuenta dividi el territorio en departamentos, stos en provincias, stas en caidones. y stos en parro-
quias.
Las leyes de 25 de junio de 1S25 y de 18 de abril de 1826 dividieron la repblica en doce departamentos, de los cuales cinco eran granadinos. En 1832, despus de disnelta la Repblica de Colombia, la Xiieva Granada fu dividida cu provincias y el jefe de cada tina de stas era nn gobernador, que duraba en su Hasta 1863 dur el rgimen central. cargi cuatro aos. y de esta fecha en adelante vino el poder federal. IjOS En 1863 se diestados adquirieron autonoma interna. vidi la repblica en nueve estadivs. En 1886 volvi la repblica al centralismo, basta la fecha. El poder legislativo lo ejerce el Congreso el poder ejecutivo, el rresidente. elegido cada cuatro aos: el poder judicial, la Corte Suprema, los Tribunales Superiores, los Jueces de Circuito y los -1 ucees Municipales. La repviblica se divide cu departamentos, intendencias y comisiras especiales. La mayor parte de los departamentos se subdivideu en provincias, y stas en distritos municipales. En cada departamento rigen un gobernador, noud>rado por el ejecutivo, .v una asantblea cu las intendencias rigen intendentes, y en las comisaras, comisarios especiales; en las proviucias. prefectos: y en los municipios, concejos municipales y alcaldes. Los departamentos son Antioquia. Altntico. Bolvar. Boyac. Caldas. Cauca. Cundinauuirca. luila. Magdalena. Xario. Norte de Santander. Tolima. Santander y Valle. Las intendencias son: Choc, Meta, y San Andrs ,v Pi-ovideneia. Las comisaras son: Arauca, Caquet, Goajira. Jurado. Putnma.vo, Urab y Vaups.
;
: :
EL TELGRAFO EN COLOMBL\
Colombia est comunicada con el resto del mundo por medio del cable .v de las estaciones inalmbricas. La red telegrfica de Colombia en 1913 teua una extensin de 18.588 kilmeti-os. con 564: oficinas ho.v alcanza a 19,197 kilmetx'os y 634 oficinas. Las sensacionales .noticias de la guerra europea han llegado da a da por el cable instalado eu Buenaventura y hasta Ipiales por la lnea del Ecuador, y de estos lugares han sido transmitidas de uno a otro extremo del pas.
:
in eonuniuiieatiou
stations.
cable
and wireless
The telegraph linos of Colombia in 1913 as^regated a length of 18,588 kilometers. and tliere were 5t4 stations. Toda.v. thero are 19.197 kilometers of line. and 634 offices.
The nows of the European war has arrived everv' day by the cable torminating at Buenaventura and at Ipiales over the Ecuador line. and from these places has been transuiitted from oue end to the other of the eountry.
42
Statistics of
.0.5
Telegraph Messages
2,084,.5.39,
"
"
"
"
.541,679.67
1914
191.5
oficiales
"
"
541,021.67
1915
oficiale.s
587,925
1,926,616 paid raes.sages; fees, .$263,754.05 1,084,539 paid messages; fees, S54I,679.67
.598,048 official messages
Recientemente se ha establecido el telgrafo dplex en varias lneas y desde el 7 de agosto de 191.3 qued terminada la instalacin de la estacin inalmbrica de Cartagena; y en julio de 191.5 qued terminada la estacin de San Andrs y Providencia. La estacin de Santa Marta
Of late the dplex telegraph has been introduced on several lines. The Cartagena wireless .station was finished
on August 7, 191.3; that of San Andrs y Providencia was flni.shed in July, 1915. The Santa Marta station is the property of the United Fruit Company, vifhich will own it for 20 years. The Marconi AVireless Telegraph Company, Ltd., of London, has entered into a contract with the government for the installation of wireless stations at Bogot, Buenaventura, Arauca, and Orocu. The government intends to establish on its own account a large .station at Bogot, which, from its veiy great elevation (2611 meters above sea-level), will no doubt be the be.st in South America. Telegraph Fees. For very urgent telegrams, there is a charge of four cents per word. Por ordinary telegrams, the charges are two cents per word. Railway Telegraphs. The railroad companies have established for their exclusive use the foUowing telegraph
propiedad de la United Fruit Company, que la usufructuar por 20 aos. La casa The Marconi WireJess Telegraph Company, Ltd., de Londres, ha contratado con el gobierno el estabecimiento de estaciones inalmbricas para Bogot, Buenaventura, Arauca y Orocu. El gobierno se piopone establecer por su cuenta una gran estacin inalmbrica en Bogot, la que por su altura (2,611 metros sobre el nivel del mar) ser sin duda alguna la mejor de Sud- Amrica. Por cada palabra para telegrama 'Tarifa telegrfica. urgente, se cobra a cuatro centavos; y por cada palabra para telegrama coraiin se cobra a dos centavos. Lneas telegrficas de los ferrocarriles. stas han sido construidas por cuenta de las respectivas empresas ferroviarias que en seguida se enumeran, para el uso exclusivo de ellas:
es
lines
Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril
Ferrocarril de la Sabana Ferrocarril del Norte Ferrocarril del Sur Ferrocarril de Girardot Ferrocarril de Antioquia Ferrocarril de Amaga Ferrocarril de Ambalema Ferrocarril de Cartagena Ferrocarril de Puerto Colombia Ferrocarril del Pacfico Ferrocarril de Ccuta Ferrocarril del Tolima
con 40 K y 8 con 62 K y 7 con 30 K y 5 con 132 K y 14 con 169 K y 25 con 46 K y 10 con 111 K y 12 con 105 K y 5 con 23 K y 5 con 174 K y 10 (Usa telefono) (Usa telfono)
estaciones estaciones estaciones estaciones estaciones estaciones estaciones estaciones estaciones estaciones
de
del del
la
Sabana
Norte Sur
Girardot Antioquia
de de de de de de
Amaga Ambalema
Cartagena Puerto Colombia
del Pacfico
de Ccuta
del
Tolima
40 km., 8 stations 62 km.. 7 stations .30 km.. 5 stations 132 km.. 14 stations 169 km.. 25 stations 46 km.. 10 stations 111 km.. 12 stations 105 km.. 5 stations 23 km.. 5 statiorLs 174 km.. 10 stations (Uses telephone) (Uses telephone)
,
Adems de las de los dos ferrocarriles que antes se enumeran, existen otras muchas lneas telefnicas de uso pblico y privado en la repblica.
Besides the two telephone lines just mentioned, there are in the republie a great many others, both prvate and public.
CORREOS EN COLOMBIA
Seevicio Internacional
1.
exceptuadas
Exchange
of mail
Cuatro centavos por los veinte primeros gramos Carta.'. o fraccin y dos centavos ms por cada veinte gramos o fraccin de este peso. Medio centavo por cada 100 gramos o fracPeridicos.
cin.
Letters. Pour cents up to twenty grams, and two cents more for every additioual 20 grams or fraction thereof. Newspapers. One-half cent for every 100 grams or fraction thereof. Packages must not exceed 2000 grams.
(Los paquetes no deben pesar ms de 2,000 gramos.) Los canjes de las empresas periodsticas dos ejemplares por cada nmero gozan de franquicia. Impresos y Papeles de Negocios. Un centavo por cada 50 gramos o fraccin. Los envos no deben exceder de un peso de 2,000 gramos. Si se desea enviarlos recomendados, tener aviso de recibo de ellos o intentar reclamacin, se pagarn cuatro centavos
New.spaper exchanges are carried free, provided they do not exeeed two copies per number. Printed Maiter and Business Papers. One cent for each 50 grams or fraction thereof. Packages mut not exceed 2000 grams in weight. If it is desired to have thera reg-
istered,
make
ms. Muestras.
fraccin.
centavo por los primeros 100 gramos o Por cada 50 gramos o fraccin excedente un
Un
centavo.
Samples. One cent for weights not exceeding 100 grams. For weights exceeding 100 grams, one cent for every 50 grams or fraction thereof. The weight should in no ca.se
exceed 500 grams. Rcgistered Matter.
must be
paid.
Los paquetes de muestras no deben pasar de 500 gramos de peso. Recomendados. Cuatro centavos adems del porte ordinario. La correspondencia ordinaria que se dirija a las Repblicas del Ecuador y Venezuela por la va terrestre causa el mismo porte de la que cursa por los correos del interior de Colombia.
Four
nary fee. Ordinary correspondence addressed to Ecuador and Venezuela over land pays the same fees as those paid in the
interior of Colombia.
43
2.
Cartas. Cinco centavos por cada 15 gramos o fraccin. Tarjetas Postales. Dos centavos por cada iina sencilla. Cuatro centavos por cada uua doble o con respuesta pagada. Impresos. Un centavo por cada 50 gramos o fraccin. Papeles de Negocios. Un centavo por cada 50 gramos o
Lcttcrs. thereof.
Five cents for every 15 grams or fraction Post cards. Two cents for a plain post eard. Pour cents
is
paid
frac-
fraccin.
tion thereof.
Un centavo por cada 50 gramos o fraccin. El porte no puede ser inferior a dos centavos por cada
fraction thereof; but the fee cannot be less than five cents for every remittance.
One cent for every 50 grams or Business Papers. One cent for every 50 grams or
Printed Matter.
Los peridicos, impresos y papeles de negocios no deben pasar de 2,000 gramos de peso. Las muestras no deben pasar de 500 gramos de peso. Bcconiciidados. Diez centavos por cada uno adems del
Samples. One cent for every 50 grams or fraction thereof but the fee cannot be less than two cents for every remittance. Newspapers. other printed matter, and business papers must not e.xceed 2000 grams. Samples must not exceed 500 grams.
;
Eegistered Matter.
Ten
Cinco
Acknowledgment
nary
fee.
lieceipt.
Five
Ecclamacioiies. Cinco centavos al iniciar cualquier reclamacin. La correspondencia que se introduzca a debe se grava en la oficina de destino con el doble del porte dejado de pagar. Encomiciidaj^ Postales. Vase sobre esta clase de ob.ietos el artculo especial y el cuadro de algunos portes en el lugar correspondiente.
Chiims.
Five cents on entering a claim. Correspondence not prepaid will be charged double fee
Parcel Post.
lating to
it,
On
and the
tliis subject, sce the special article refees given elsewhere for similar articles.
Eegistered Correspondence
The registration fee is ten cents for every object, and is paid with a stamp, which nuist be attached to the object
mailed. the sender of a registered object desires a receipt, be must pay, in addition to the ordinary and registration postage, five cents by meaus of a postage stamp, which will be pasted on the slip acknowledging receipt.
CORKESPONDENCI.V RECOMENDADA
El derecho de recomendacin es de diez centavos por cada objeto y se paga por medio de la estampilla correspondiente, la cual debe ir adherida al objeto. Cuando el i'emitente de un objeto recomendado desee obtener el recibo especial, adems del porte y de la estampilla de recomendado, deber pagar cinco centavos en una estampilla de correos, que se adherir a la hoja de aviso de
recibo.
when
When
El introductor de un objeto recomendado debe presentarlo al empleado respectivo, convenientemente acondicionado y rotulado y con el nombre y direccin del remitente .V con las estampillas necesarias. Vale decir que estos objetos no deben pee depositados en los buzones ni PODRN GIEAR POR LOS CORREOS A DEBE. Los objetos recomendados slo se entregan a los destinatarios en persona o a los individuos que tengan poder escrito de stos, debiendo comprobarse la identidad si as lo requiere el empleado correspondiente. El destinatario deber siempre firmar recibo. En caso de prdida de un objeto recomendado, el destinatario tiene derecho a que se le pague del Tesoro Nacional
la
The sender of a registered object must take it to the proper employee, eonveniently arranged and labeled, and bearing the ame and address of the sender, as w^ell as the necessary stamps. It nnist be observed that registered objeets cannot be placed in boxes or be sent without beiug
prepaid. Registered objeets are delivered to addressee only or to those producing written authorization from the addressee. The recipient must be identified, if the employee in charge should require it. The addressee must in all cases sign a
receipt.
titled to be
Should a registered object be lost, the addressee is enpaid by the uational treasury an amount of ten
suma de
pesos.
3,
clause
2,
Convention, it is forbidden to endose with ordinary registered correspondence objeets that must pay iraport duties; and, as the now abolished General Direction of Posts and Telegraphs informed the International Burean of the Universal Postal Union, at Berne, that registered or ordinary packages containing
Rome
commereial articles would be subject to the same conditions to which parcel-post matter is subject, the government decided that ordinary and registered packages arriviug at
the territory of the i-epublic and containing articles taxable at the custom-house, should be charged with all the fees paid by parcel-post matter, and that. besides. the responsible persons should pay as a fine the amount of fifty cents for each package.
pagan
encomiendas postales y que adems paguen los en calidad de multa, la suma de cincuenta centavos ($0.50) por cada paquete.
las
interesados,
44
From
books, on
this provisin are excepted packages containing which no other duties shall be levied than the
Internacionales
El cupn o vale-respuesta es un documento al portador que puede remitirse al extranjero dentro de una carta y que le da derecho a la persona que lo recibe a cambiarlo, en las oficinas postales de los pases que aceptan el canje, por sellos de correo de valor de cinco centavos. El servicio de cupones o vales-respuesta internacionales fu inaugurado en Colombia el da 20 de julio de 1916, y El se tiene entendido que ha dado inesperados resultados. piiblico ha sabido aprovecharlo y habr .de agradecer la reproduccin, que hacemos a continuacin, de la lista de las oficinas colombianas hbiles para atender en la repblica dicho servicio y de la lista de los j)ases de la Unin Postal Universal que lo tienen establecido.
Pakceij-Post
Encomiendas Postales
Encomiendas postales son los bultos, cajas o paquetes que se despachan para el exterior; su peso no puede exceder en ningn caso de 5,000 gramos (5 kilos), y sus dimensiones no pueden ser mayores de un metro cincuenta
centmetros (1 m. 50).
Las encomiendas postales procedentes del exterior se liquidan de acuerdo con la tarifa de aduanas, segn la clase del objeto que las constituya; no se da curso a ninguna encomienda postal que tenga mayor peso o volumen de los anotados atrs, ni se entregar al destinatario sin previa autorizacin de la Administracin General de Cori'eos Nacionales, por conducto de la seccin respectiva. Respecto de esta clase de objetos postales, rige en la actualidad el siguiente:
Parcel-post mail consists of pareis, boxes or packages sent abroad. The weight of a parcel should in no case exceed 5000 grams, and its dimensions must not exceed 1.50 meters. Parcel-post packages coming from abroad must pay custom-house duties, according to their contents. No parcelpost package exceeding in weight or dimensions the figures given above will be delivered to the addressee without previous authorization from the General Administration of National Mails, given through the proper office. With respeet to parcel post, the following deeree is at
present in forc
Vecree 558 of April 13, 1916, regulating parcel-post imports The president of the Republic of Colombia, in the exereise of his
legal powers, decrees:
DECRETO
(1.3
N. 558 de 1916
de abril) de encomiendas postales del
por
el
eual
se
reglamenta
el
servicio exterior.
In accordance ivith Artiele I of Law 99 of 1914, the authorized to do parcel-post service relative to foreign countries are: the postal agencies of Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Riohaeha, Santa Marta, and Tumaeo; and the Principal Mail Administrations of Bogot, Buearamanga, Cali, Ccuta, Ibagu, Manizales, Medelln, Neiva, Pasto, Popayn, and Tunja.
Article
i.
post-ofliees
DECRETA:
De acuerdo con
el
Artculo I de la
Ley 99 de
1914,
del
Article II. All custom-house duties and other duties levied on the importation of merehandise will be eollected by the post-offiees and Principal Administrations enumerated in the preeeding article, without any deduetion, -whatever may be the port or place through which the corresponding pareis are imported. Akticle III. Such parcel-post packages as are ordered from abroad for towns of the republic and are not included in Article I of this deeree, shall pay their fees at the postal agency or Principal To Administration of the place from which the order originated.
this end, the person giving the order shall advise the firm or person that is to make the shipment as to the postal agency or Principal Administration where it should be sent, and shall also ask that a cojiy of the respective invoice be sent to him. If the person interested should consider it advisable that the ship-
Las agencias postales de Barrahquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Riohaeha, Santa Marta y Tumaeo, y las Administraciones Principales de Correos de Bogot, Buearamanga, Cali, Ccuta, Ibagu, Manizales, Medelln, Neiva, Pasto, Popayn y Tunja. Artculo 2. La liquidacin de los derechos de aduana y los dems que por la introduccin de mercancas deban pagarse al Tesoro, se har en las Oficinas Postales y Administraciones Principales de Correos enumeradas en el artculo anterior, sin deduccin ninguna, sea eual fuere el puerto o lugar por donde la internacin de las
encomiendas
se
haya
verificado.
Artculos." Las encomiendas postales que se pidan al exterior para las poblaciones de la nacin, no incluidas en el artculo 1. de este Decreto, se liquidarn en la Agencia Postal o en la Administracin Principal de que la oficina del lugar del pedido dependa. Para este fin, la persona que haga el pedido dar aviso a la casa o persona que ha de hacerle el despacho, indicndole la Agencia Postal o Administracin Principal adonde deba dirigirle la encomienda, y le pediii que con sta se le remita un ejemplar de la factura respectiva. Si el interesado considerare conveniente a sus intereses que el despacho se le haga por conducto de una Agencia Postal o una Administracin Principal que no sea la superior de la oficina en que desea recibir la encomienda postal, puede hacer el pedido indicando la oficina que escoja para la introduccin. Artculo i. Cuando las encomiendas postales estn dirigidas a un lugar diverso del de la Agencia Postal o Administracin Principal en donde debe hacerse la liquidacin, segn lo dispuesto en el Artculo 1. de este Decreto, el jefe de la seccin correspondiente dar aviso al superior, para que so disponga la apertura del paquete. Si el interesado no tuviere quien lo represente, se har constar este hecho, y el Agente Postal o el jefe de la seccin designar un empleado para que represente al destinatario y se proceda al reconocimiento de la mercanca y a la liquidacin de los derechos correspondientes. A esta diligencia puede asistir el comisionista o representante de la persona que haya hecho el pedido.
ment be made to him through a postal agency or Principal Administration which is not the one eontrolling the office where he wishes to reeeive the parcel, he may give the order stating the ofiices he may wish to choose for the importation.
Aeticle IV. When parcel-post packages are addressed to a place different from that of the postal agency or the Principal Administration where the fees are to be paid, according to the provisions of Article I of this deeree, the head of the corresponding section shall advise his superior, in order that the opening of the package may be ordered. If the interesteil party has no representative, the fact shall be recorded and the postal agency or the head of the section shall appoint an employee to aet as a representative of the addressee, after which the contents of the package shall be examined and the corresponding duties levied. At this operation the representative of the person haviug given the order may be present.
Outgoing Parcel Post. The republic has agreements for the direct exchange of parcel-post mail with Prance, England, Germany, the United States, Ecuador, and Spain. The convention with the Prench republic was sigiied by Messrs. Jernimo Argez, general director of mails and telegraphs, and Joseph de Selve, on May 14, 1890.
45
La repblica el Exterior. celebrado convenio para el canje directo de encomiendas postales con Francia, Inglaterra, Alemania, Estados Unidos, Ecuador y Espaa. El convenio con la Eepblica Francesa fu firmado por los seores Jernimo Argez, director general de correos y telgrafos, y Joseph de Selve, en 14 de mayo de 1890. El firmado con Inglaterra lo subscribieron los seoi'es Felipe P. Pal y leury Ceeil Ivaikes, en 2 de diciembre de 1887. Los seores Rufino Gutirrez y vou Stephan firmaron, en 22 de junio de 1889, el celebrado con Alemania. En 20 de diciembre de 1902 se firm, por los seores Emiliano Isaza y Miguel Valverde, el que rige con la
Encomiendas Postales para
tiene
lipe F.
The convention with England was signed by Messrs. FePal and Henry Cecil Kaikes, on December 2, 1887.
The convention with Gennany was signed by Messrs. Rufino Gutirrez and von Stephan, on June 22, 1889. The
one with Ecuador was signed on December 20, 1912, by
Messrs. Emiliano Isaza and Miguel Valverde.
the United States
That with
18, 1889,
by Mr.
Repblica del Ecuador. Los seores administrador general de correos de los Estados Unidos, M. Dickenson, y director de correos y telgrafos de Colombia, Rufino Gutirrez, firmaron, en 18 de enero de 1889, el celebrado con los Estados Unidos. La ltima Convencin sobre canje directo de encomiendas postales es la celebrada con Espaa y entr en vigencia el da 1 de julio de 1916. A sta ltima han de seguir los convenios qu se firmaron .ya por la administracin general colombiana para el canje directo con el Per y Costa Rica. Bajo la denominacin de Encomiendas Postales pueden expedirse por correo, a todos los pases que hacen parte de la Unin Postal, objetos cuyo peso mximo sea de cinco
se dijo atrs. tarifa de portes de esta clase de objetos vara con cada nacin, segn las distancias martimas que las encomiendas hayan de recorrer y el nmero de administradores que tengan que intervenir en su transporte hasta hacerlas llegar a su destino.
kilos,
The
last
and beeame
ef-
on July
1,
191G.
This
is
to be followed
by con-
Under
may
be
Union.
como
The postal
countries,
vary in different
La
objects
may
number
of employees that
continuacin se publica un pequeo cuadro que manien rigor actualmente pai'a el despacho por los correos de la repblica, de encomiendas postales para Francia, Inglaterra. Alemania, Italia, Blgica, Suiza, Dinamarca .y Holanda en Europa Chile ,y Costa Rica, en Amrica, y Egipto en frica.
fiesta las tarifas
;
from the
re-
public
to
Prance,
England,
Germany,
Italy,
Belgium,
CUADRO DE PORTES PARA EL ENvfo DE ENCOMIENDAS PARA ALGUNOS PASES SEGN LA CONVENCIN PRINCIPAL Y LOS CONVENIOS ESPECIALES SOBRE LA MATERIA. CONDICIONES DE LOS ENVOS Y NMERO DE DECLARACIONES DE ADUANA QUE DEBEN ACOMPAARLOS
Declara-
DATA RELATING TO PARCEL POST SENT TO SEVERAL COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE MAIN CONVENTION AND THE SPECIAL CONVENTIONS GOVERNING THE MATTER
Rates
Countries
Rates
Rates
Via
up to
1
ciones
kilo
up to 3 kilos
up to
5 kilos
CustomHouse
Declarations
Remarks
Vas
.Alemania
Inglaterra
3
kilos
.5
de
Observaciones
kilo
kilos
aduana
Germany ....
1.2S 1.62
1.20 1.45 1.54
2
Puede obtenerse
de
los
3 2 3 4 3
1.28 1.62
2
3
livered at residence of
tional fee of SO.IO per
England
Belgium
2 3 4
If
tario,
pagando un sobre-
Blgica
Alemania
Alemania
2.66
2.91
sired,
Chile
2.66
2.91
must be
recibo debe pagarse sobreporte de SO.IO.
un
England
. .
2 2 4
2
2
2
Inglaterra
1.43
1.45 l.SO
1.71 1.62
1.80
4
2
ment
tional.
of
Egypt
England England
ties, etc.,
Egipto
Inglaterra
1.71
3
1.88
2 3 2
1.62
Inglaterra
3
. .
1.71
The address
1.71
1.88
Inglaterra
2 3
2 4
1.14 1.62
Holland
England England
1.14
1.62 1.03
4
2 2 3
England
Italy
1.80
2.
48
or destination of a parcel may be changed, pro\'ided the parcel has not been delivered to the addressee, which caneis his right to be
Inglaterra
Inglaterra
1.03
l.SO
2,48
1.54
2
2
for-
1.54
3
2'
England
1.45
quete postal, in Span1.37
Inglaterra
1.45
1.37
Alemania
Inglaterra
1.45 1.45
en
espaol;
colis-
Switzerland
2
2
England
1.45 1.45
2
2 2
46
descomponen
as:
1
Administracin General de Correos Administracin General de Telgrafos Agencia Postal Privada Agencias Postales nacionales Administraciones Principales de Correos Administraciones subalternas de Correos Oficinas mixtas (Correos y telgrafos)
Oficinas telegrficas
1
1
7 10
330 530
114
General Post-OfBce General Telegraph Office Prvate Postal Agency National Postal Agencies Principal Post-Oices Subordnate Post-Offices
1
1
'
7 10
Mixed
offices (mails
offices
and telegraphs)
Telegraph
Total
Total
994
mail communication, approved a convention making some modifications to the Universal Postal Convention in reference to transit expenses (free territorial and maritime transit for all exclusively continental correspondence was stipulated) to postal rates (those fixed by the Rome Convention were reduced for correspondence exchanged among the contracting countries) to indemnities (it was agreed that in corroborated cases of violation within the postal service, the indemnity to which clause first of Article 8 of the Rome Convention refers should be paid, and a term of 10 months was fixed to answer claims for registered ob; ;
jects, declaring responsible for the loss any post-ofSce that within this term does not answer the claim submitted) to exemptions (it was agreed to aceord postal exemption to the International offices of South-American mails, to the diplomatic cori^s in general and to consular offices in their correspondence with their respective governments, to the ordinary correspondence of national institutions having a scientifie character or engaged in work of common interest, to the correspondence of South-American scientifie congresses where a majority of the nations of the continent are represented, as well as to the exchange copies mailed by South-American newspapers and periodicals, not exceeding two copies for eacli number). Colombia was represented at the Montevideo congress by Mr. Ricardo
;
Vargas M. Both the convention and the agreements and resolutions approved by the Montevideo Postal Congress were ratified by the Congress of the republic, which to that effect issued Ijaw 6 of 1912 (Sept. 11) this law was signed on the same date by Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo, who was then presi;
City Service
The eity service eonsists in the cariying of letters, post cards and printed matter of all kinds from one place to another within the same city, and in the deliver_y at the residences of addressees of mail of the same classes comiug from other parts, within or outside the republic.
Servicio
Urbano
El servicio de correos conocido entre nosotros por CORREO URBANO consiste en la transmisin de cartas, tarjetas postales e impresos de todas clases de un punto a otro de la misma poblacin, y en la entrega a domicilio de objetos de estas mismas clases procedentes de otros lugares, de dentro y fuera de la repblica.
MONEY OrDERS
There are two kinds of raoney orders
ordinary and
$0 .05 0.10 0.20
ex-
Giros Postales
ordinarios y extraordinarios (stos se hacen por telgrafo). Por la emisin de los ordinarios se cobra la siguiente tarifa
:
traordinary. The latter are sent ,by telegraph. For the issuance of ordinary mone_y orders the following fees are
charged
From $2 to $5 From $50 to $10 From over $10 to $20
Hay
47
fol-
Por
la de los extraordinarios
(o telegrficos), se cobra
la siguiente:
From $2 to 85 From more than $5 to $10 From more than $10 to 820
80.20
.40 .80
80 .20
.40
O .SO
Los giros pueden emitirse en billetes nacionales, nquel, y se pagan en las mismas especies, de acuerdo con la existencia de cada ocina y al cambio
Todas las rdenes postales son pagaderas a la vista. El pago de un giro postal ordinario slo se A-erifica mediante la entrega de la orden original respectiva y previa
comprobacin, si fuere exigida, de la identidad del cobrador. En caso de endoso, ste debe llevar $0.04 en estampillas de timbre. El pago de los gii-os postales extraordinarios (telegrficos) se hace en vista del respectivo telegrama. En caso de prdida de un giro postal, la oficina giradora puede expedir un segundo libramiento, una vez comprobada la prdida. El costo de la expedicin del nuevo libramiento ser de cargo del responsable de la prdida del primero. Los giros postales que no hayan sido cubiertos dentro del trmino sealado como mximum de su validez (seis meses) pueden revalidarse mediante el pago de ini derecho
orders may be paid for in national bilis, nickel, Euglish gold, and may be paid to payee in a similar manner, aecording to the curreney at the disposal of the various offices, and the offieial par of exehange. AU mone3' orders are payable at sight. Au ordinary money order may be paid only on deliverj' of the order, and at'ter Identification, if neeessary, of the payee. If a money order is endorsed to another person, stamps to the valu of $0.04 must be attached to tlie order. The payment of extraordinary, or telegrapl, money orders is made in accordauce with the eorresponding telesilver, legal or
Money
gram. Should a mouey order be lost, the office issuing it may issue another one, once the loss has been verified. The cost of the issuance of the new order is to be defrayed by the person responsible for the loss of the original order. Money orders not paid within the term for which they are valid (six mouths), may be renewed by paying a fee
of $0.10.
ment
If the sender of a money order requires ackuowledgeof payment, he must paj- five cents in a stamp pasted
de $0.10.
remitente de un giro exige aviso de pago, debe pagar cinco centavos en una estampilla, que se adherir
Si
el
on the order.
al giro.
tamente manejados. Los expedidores, a cjuienes siempre corresponde promover las investigaciones, deben proceder as En memorial en papel sellado dirigido a los jefes de las oficinas en donde hayan introducido al correo sus despachos, presentarn sus quejas y exigirn averigiiaciones de los hechos que denuncian y el pago de las indemnizaciones legales que puedan correspouderles los jefes dichos, a continuacin de las solicitudes, consignarn clara, ordenada y completamente los pormenores de los despachos, a sus destinos, de los objetos materia del reclamo, y pasarn los memoriales al administrador general de correos, a cuyo cargo eoiTcrn todas las investigaciones, hasta la absoluta Lo anterior se entiende en cuanfinalizacin de los asuntos. to a los envos de curso interior y a los que del pas se expidan para el exterior. En este ltimo caso reclamaciones que deben cursar en el exterior los interesados, al iniciar sus demandas, deben acompaar con el memorial una estampilla de cinco centavos ($0.05) por cada objeto (reeomen-
through which it goes, makes it very difand almost impossible, to conduct investigations in order to ascertain and determine who is responsible in case of bad service. Such is not the case with registered mail, parcel post, vales deelared, and money orders. The responsibility of the post-ofice with regard to such objects is real and effeetive, and is defined in the respective regulations, which prescribe tlie procedure that those interested must foUow in making claims when their mail has not been properly managed. The sender, who must in all cases initiate investigation, must proceed as follows: In a statement, made on stamped paper, and addressed to the cliief officials of the offices from which he has sent bis mail, he must present bis complaint and ask an investigation of the facts in the case, and payment of the legal indemnitj' to which he may be entitled, The said officials,
dift'erent offices
ficult,
after receiving the statement, will present elearly, methodicallj' and fully the particulars relating to the mailing
of the objects giving rise to the claim, and will send all data to the postmaster-general, whose duty it will be to
continu the investigation uutil the matter has been setWhat has just been said applies to matter mailed within the country as well as to that mailed to foreign In the latter case, however, if the claim must couutries. be sent abroad, the interested party, on presenting the
tled.
must send with his statement a five-eent stamp for each objeet, registered or parcel-post, that is assumed to have miscarried or be damaged.
claim,
48
expoliado.
Cuando
os destinatarios
a sus corresponsales (remitentes) a que formulen sus reclamaciones ante las estafetas de origen, de acuerdo con las prescripciones internacionales, ya que las diligencias en el pas de destino resultaran inconducentes por carencia de datos que slo pueden obtenerse principiando las averiguaciones por las oficinas de donde partieron los envos, nicas que pueden citar el nmero original de las
listas, la oficina
y fecha de
de cambio extranjera expedidora, el nmero de los envos, nombre de los vapores de mar conductores y agencias postales colombianas a donde fueron dirigidas.
las planillas
In conneetion with mail coming from abroad, addressees that may have any complaiuts must ask the sender to enter a complaint at the sending office, in aceordance with International regulations, since in that case an investigation conducted in the coi^ntry of destiuation would be inconelusive, on account of lack of data that may be obtained by beginning the investigation at the office whence the matter in question was nuiiled, sueh office being the only one that can give the original list numbers, the sending office, the number and date of the corresponding record sheets, the ames of the oeean steamers carrying the mail, and Colombian postal agencies to which the packages were addressed.
Cable Rates
Of The Central and South America. Telegraph Company, via Buenaventura, 7i forc from January, 1913.
Rates per word are reckoned in American gold, which is assumed to be at a premium of 108 per cent when exchanged for Colombian paper money. Worcls that are joined together, whether in ordinary languag'e or in code, even if they have less than ten letters,
Tarifa de Cables
de la
lnea. THE CENTRAL AND SOTH AMEBICA TELEGRAPH CO., va Buenaventura, que est en
vigencia desde
el
se cobra en oro americano al papel moneda colombiano. Las palabras que se hallen unidas, bien sea en idioma corrido o en clave, aun cuando no tengan diez letras, se cobran separadamente. En la actualidad se cobra tambin un recargo en los cables para Alemania y Austria, segn la va por donde sean transmitidos. Esta tarifa est sujeta a modificaciones casi diariamente. El gobierno colombiano cobra un recargo de 3 por 100 sobre el porte martimo para atender al cambio de moneda.
103% de premio
At present there is an additional eharge on cables going to Germany and Austria, according to the way by which
they are transmitted. This tariff undergoes modifications almost daily. The Colombian goverument charges an additional fee of 3 per cent on cable messages, to provide for the exchange
of eurrency.
Per
Palabra
Alemania, Blgica, Francia, Holanda, Inglaterra e Irlanda Suiza
Italia
.$0.65
Austria-Hungra
70 0.71 72 74
. . .
word Germany, Belgium, France, Holland, England, and Ireland .... .$0.65 70 Switzerland 0.71 Italy 72 Austria-Hungary 74 Rumania and Servia
. .
.7.5
76 0. 78
.
.7.5
.79
.
Espaa
(otras ciudades)
80
Gibraltar y Rusia
.83
Turqua Asitica, Marruecos y Tnger Egipto, Alejandra, Cairo, Port Said, Estacin Canal de Suez .... Natal, Transvaal, Cape, Orange Australia, Tasmania, Nueva Zelanda, Islas de Fidji China Montreal, Nueva Escocia, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont Delaware, Columbia (distrito), Maryland, New Jersey, Hoboken, Union City, New York (interior de Pensilvania), Pensilvania, Washington (distrito capital) Albanla (estado), Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Michigan Manitoba, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida (estado), Key West, Florida, lowa, Burlington, Clinton, Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Dubuque, Fort Madison, Keokuk, Kansas, Louisiana, New Orleans, Minnesota, Duluth, Hasting, Lake City, Minneapolis, Redwing, St. Paul, St. Louis, Montana, Nebraska, New Mxico, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Dakota,
;
. .
. .
0.85
.
90
76 78 0.79 80 83
. .
. .
.26
1 ..30 1
.95
China
.
65
Montreal,
.68
Delaware, Districtof Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, Hoboken, Union City (interior ofPennsylvania), Pennsylvania, Washington (capital district)
Nova
New
V,-
^^
68
0.71
Alabama
sippi,
Kentucky, MissisVir-
ginia,
North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Michigan
0.71
Texas,
Wyoming
74 77
Canad, Columi3a Britnica, Arizona (territorio). California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregn, Utah, Washington (estado)
Missouri
Buenos Aires
Otras oficinas de la Argentina. Ro Janeiro, Petrpolis, Santos, Para, Maceiro
1 1
.84 .85
.8.3
Manitoba, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida (state), Key West, Florida, lowa, Burhngton, CUnton, Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Dubuque, Fort Madison, Keokuk, Kansas, Louisiana, New Orleans, Minnesota, Duluth, Hasting, Lake City, Minneapohs, Redwing, St. Paul, St, Louis, Montana, Nebr;iska, New Mxico, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming Canad, British Columbia, Arizona (territory), California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington (state)
Missouri
74
.00 .07
.
.83 .00
58
.70
Costa Rica
Iquique, Antofagasta, Valparaso, Santiago de Chile
Habana
Otras oficinas de Cuba Guayaquil, Salinas, Esmeraldas Otras oficinas del Ecuador
07 1-58 O 70
1
Costa Rica
Iquique, Antofagasta, Valparaso, Santiago de Chile
.32 .37
offices
36 0.41
.
Mole San
Nicols,
Puerto
1
.45
Guayaquil, Salinas, Esmeraldas Other offices of Ecuador Guatemala City Other cities of Ciuatemala Santo Domingo, Cape Haiti, Mole St. Nicholas, Port au Prince
0.32 0.37
.36
. .
0.41 1 45
.
49
Jamaica
Martinica y Guadalupe Mjico, Veracruz, Salina Cruz Otras oficinas de Mjico San Juan de) Sur (Nicaragua) Otras oficinas de Nicaragua Panam, Ancn, Coln Estaciones de la Zona del Canal Puerto Rico Repblica Dominicana Lima, Callao, Paita, Barranco La Libertad Otras oficinas del Salvador Trinidad
St.
word
Other offices of Haiti Jamaica Martinique and Guadeloupe Mxico, Veracruz, Salina Cruz Other offices of Mxico San Juan del Sur (Nicaragua) Other offices of Nicaragua Panam, Ancn, Colon Stations of th Canal Zone
Porto Rico Santo Domingo Lima, Callao, Paita, Barranco La Libertad Other offices of Salvador Trinidad
St.
1
.95
1 .07
1
.60 .40
.
43
0.27
1
.
115
1 .07 .40
15
.07 .40
0.36 0.41 1 07
0.36
.41 .07 1 .15
1
Thomas
115
.
Thomas
83
'^5
0.83 1.45
1
07
-2 .03
0.83 0.41
.07
.
2 03
.83
Honduras
0.41
Commerce and Navigation Between the United States of Colombia and THE Kingdom of Great Britain and Ibeland
por
tantes en 16 de febrero de 1866, las relaciones de buena inteligencia que felizmente existen entre ellas se han mantenido en estrecho vnculo, mediante una paz perfecta, firme e inviolable, en toda la extensin de sus posesiones y territorios, y entre sus ciudadanos y subditos, respectivaEstipula mente, sin distincin de lugares ni personas. asimismo que entre los dominios y posesiones de las dos altas partes contratantes habr libertad recproca de comercio y navegacin y que no se impondrn otros o ms altos derechos o impuestos sobre la exportacin de cualquier artculo a los dominios y posesiones de la otra, que los que se paguen, o puedan pagarse, sobre la exportacin de nn artculo semejante a cualquier otro pas extranjero tampoco se impondr prohibicin alguna, para la exportacin de cualquier artculo de los dominios y posesiones de alguna de las partes contratantes a los dominios y posesiones de la otra, que no se haga igualmente extensiva a la exportacin de un artculo semejante a cualquiera otro pas. Los ciudadanos o subditos de una de las partes contratantes gozai-n, en los dominios y posesiones de la otra, del mismo tratamiento, en todo lo que tenga relacin
;
According to this treaty, signed by the high contraeting parties on February 16, 1866, the relations of good understanding that happily exi.st between them have been maintained as a cise bond through a perfeet, stable and inviolable peace in all their possessions and territories, and between their citizens and subjects, respectively, without distinction of either places or persons. It provides likewise that between the dominions and possessions of the two high contraeting parties there .shall be reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation and that neither shall levy other or higher duties or imposts on the exportation of any artiele to the dominions and possessions of the other than those which are paid, or niay in future be paid, for the exportation of the same artiele to any other foreign country. No embargo whatever shall be placed on the exportation of any artiele from the dominions and possessions of either of the conti'aeting parties to those of the other, unless the same embargo applies likewise to the exportation of the same The citizens or subjects of artiele to every other country. each of the contraeting parties shall reeeive, in the dominions and possessions of the other, the same treatment, in all that relates to commercial traffie, received by na;
con
comercio de trnsito, de que gocen los ciudadanos o subditos nacionales, quienes tienen los mismos derechos con respecto a marcas de comercio y diseos de cualquiera descripcin que sean aplicables a artculos de manufactura, que los que tengan los ciudadanos en los respectivos pases. Los ciudadanos y subditos de cada una de las partes contratantes que se conformen con las leyes del pas tendrn 1 entera libertad, ellos con sus familias, para entrar, viajar o residir en cualquiera parte de los dominios y posesiones de la otra parte contratante; 2 el derecho de adquirir casas, fbricas, almacenes, tiendas y predios que les sean necesarios, ya sea en alquiler, ya sea en posesin 3 la facultad de ejercer su comercio, por mayor o al detal, ellos mismos, o por medio de agentes que pueclan considerar aptos para ello. Adems, con respecto a sns personas o
el
and
shall
they
may
Purthermore,
as-
to their persons or property, passports, domicile or business licenses, and their trade or industry, they shall not be
50
subject to taxes or obligations of any kind diferent from or greater than those already imposed, or that may be imposed, on national citizens or subjects. The citizens or subjects of either contracting party who reside in the territories of the other shall enjoy complete, absolute and full liberty of conscience, and shall not be disturbed or molested on account of their religious beliefs.
The citizens or subjects of either contracting party who have settled in the dominions or territories of the other, and are engaged in any commereial pursuits or any other occupation or employment, shall be permitted to remain and continu in the same occupation, in case the friendly relations between the two countries are interrupted, and
shall continu in possession of their liberty and property, so long as they behave peacefully and observe the law.
Treaty of Friendship, Navigation and Commerce Between Colombia and the Netherlands
Aecording to this treaty, signed and sealed in London on May 1, 1829, the inhabitants of the respective countries shall enjoy liberty of navigation and commerce both in Colombia and in the Netherlands; have the same rights and privileges as the inhabitants of the country where they
reside in all that relates to port plice, loading and unloading of ships, security of merchandise and other property;
Tratado de Amistad, Navegacin y Comeecic), entre Colombia y los Pases Bajos Segn este tratado, firmado y sellado en Londres el da primero de mayo del ao de 1829, los habitantes de los pases respectivos tienen libertad de navegacin y comercio
tanto en Colombia como en los Pases Bajos gozarn de los mismos derechos y privilegios que los habitantes del pas en que residan en todo lo relativo a la polica de los puertos, carga y descarga de los buques, seguridad de las mercancas, bienes y efectos, y estarn sujetos a las leyes y a las ordenanzas locales unos y otros gozarn de la ms
; ;
completa y constante proteccin en sus personas, casas y propiedades, sin que se pueda molestarles por ninguna medida arbitraria, sino solamente en consecuencia de la aplicacin regular de las mismas leyes que rijan para los naturales; los ciudadanos o subditos de las partes contratantes gozarn de la ms perfecta y entera libertad de conciencia, sin quedar expuestos a ser molestados, inquietados ni perturbados en razn de su creencia religiosa, ni en los ejercicios propios de su religin, con tal que los hagan en casas privadas y con el decoro debido al culto divino. Mientras unos y otros se conduzcan pacficamente y no cometan ofensas contra las leyes, sus efectos y propiedades no estarn sujetos a ocupacin o secuestro, en el desgraciado caso de alguna interrupcin en las relaciones amistosas que ahora existen.
to local laws and regulations. They shall reeeive complete and constant protection in their persons, homes and properties, and shall not be arbitrarily disturbed, but only in accordance with the laws governing the natives of the country. The citizens or subjects of the contracting parties shall enjoy entire liberty of conscience, and shall not be liable to be molested, annoyed or disturbed on account of their religious beliefs, or in the praetice of the eeremonies of their cult, provided they be conducted in prvate houses and with the decorum due to divine worship.
and be subject
So long as they behave peacefully and do not vilate the law, their properties and belongings shall not be subject to occupation or sequestration, should there unfortunately
be an interruption of the friendly relations
now
existing.
General Treaty op December 12, 1846, of Peace, Friendship, Navigation and Commerce Between the Republic of New Granada and the United States of America
In this treaty are clearly, distinctly and positively set the rules that in the future are to be religiously observed in the relations between the two countries, relating
Tratado General de 12 de Diciembre de 1846, de Paz, Amistad, Navegacin y Comercio, entre la Repblica de la Nueva Granada y los Estados Unidos de Amrica
Segn
distinta
este tratado,
down
to their
quedan
y positiva
las reglas
que en
servarse religiosamente entre una y otra nacin, respecto de la mutua amistad, de su comercio y navegacin. Las dos partes contratantes convienen mutuamente en
mutual friendship, commerce and navigation. The two contracting parties mutually agree that the citizens of each may frequent all the coasts and territories of the other, reside therein and trade therein in all kinds of producs, manufactures and merchandise, and that they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and exemptions, in navigation and commerce, as are or may hereafter be
ciudadanos de cada una de ellas puedan frecuentar y territorios de la otra, y residir y traficar en ellos con toda especie de producciones, manufacturas y mercaderas; y en que gozarn de todos los derechos, privilegios y exenciones, en navegacin y comercio, que los ciudadanos naturales gocen o gozaren, sometindose a las leyes, decretos y usos establecidos all, a que estn sujetos los ciudadanos naturales. Convienen adems en que todo lo que pueda ser importado, exportado o reexportado de uno de los dos pases en sus propios buques, para un pas extranjero, pueda de la misma manera serlo en los buques del otro. Los ciudadanos de una y otra de
los
que
las partes contratantes no podrn ser embargados o detenidos con sus embarcaciones, tripulaciones, mercaderas y efectos comerciales de su pertenencia, para ninguna
to national citizens, being subject to the laws, decrees and eustoms therein established as applicable to They further agree that whatever may native citizens. be imported from, exported or re-exported to any foreign country from either of thcm on its own ships, may likewise be imported, exported or re-exported on the ships of the The citizens of either of the contracting parties other. shall not be detained or seized with their ships, crews, merchandise and commereial artieles belonging to them for any military expedition or for either publie or prvate service of any kind whatsoever, without the payment of a Both contracting parties just and sufficient indemnit}^ engage and oblgate themselves in every respect to afford especial protection each to the persons and property of the citizens, of whatever occupation, of the other, whether said
guarauteed
51
en los mismos trminos usados y acostumbrados para los naturales o ciudadanos del pas. De la misma manera, los ciudadanos de ambos pases g-ozarn en imo y
otro territoi-io de perfecta e ilimitada libertad de concieny ejercern su religin pblica y i)rivadamente en sus mismas habitaciones, o en las capillas o lugares de adoracin designados al afecto de conformidad con las leyes, Ser lcito a los usos y costumbres del respectivo pas. ciudadanos de los pases contratantes navegar con sus
cia,
buques con toda seguridad y libertad, de cualquier puerto a las plazas y lugares de los qiie son o fueren en adelante enemigos de cualquiera de las dos partes contratantes, sin hacerse distincin de quines son los dueos de las mercadei'as que llevan a su bordo. Kl artculo 25 de este tratado dice a la letra: "Con el fin de disminuir los males de la guerra, las dos altas partes contratantes convienen adenu'is, que, en caso de suscitarse desgTaciadamente una giierra entre ellas, slo se llevarn a efecto las hostilidades por aquellas personas debidamente autorizadas por el gobierno, y por las que estn bajo sus rdenes, exceptuando los casos de repeler un ataque o invasin, y en defensa de la propiedad." El artculo '26 del mismo dice a la letra: "Siempre que una de las partes contratantes estuviere empeada en guei'ra con otro estado, ningn ciudadano de la otra parte contratante aceptar comisin o patente de coi"so para el objeto de auxiliar o cooperar hostilmente con el dicho enemigo contra la mencionada parte que est en guerra, bajo pena de ser tratado como pirata." En el artculo 35 se estipida por una y otra parte la declaracin solennie de que los ciudadanos, buques y mercancas de los Estados Unidos disfrutarn en los puertos de la Nueva Granada, inclusos los de la parte del territorio granadino generalmente denominado Istmo de Panam, todas las franquicias, privilegios e inmunidades, en lo relativo a comercio y navegacin, de cpie ahora goc-en y en lo sucesivo gozaren los ciudadanos granadinos, sus buques y mercancas: el gobierno de la Nueva Granada garantiza al gobierno de los Estados Unidos que el derecho de va o trnsito al travs del Istmo de Panam, por cualesquiera medios de comunicacin que ahora existan o en lo sucesivo puedan abrirse, estar franco y expedito para los ciudadanos y el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, y para el transporte de cualesquiera artculos, de productos, numufacturas o mercancas de lcito comercio, pertenecientes a ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos; que no se impondrn ni cobrarn a stos, ni a sus mercancas, otras cargas o peajes, a su paso por cualquier camino o canal que pueda hacerse por el gobierno de la Nueva Granada o con su autoridad, sino los que en semejantes circunstancias Para se impong-am o cobren a los ciudadanos granadinos. seguridad del goce tranquilo y constante de estas ventajas. y en especial compensacin de ellas y de los favores adquiridos, los Estados Unidos garantizan positiva y eficazmente a la Nueva Granada, por la presente estipulacin, la perfecta neutralidad del ya mencionado Istmo, con la mira de que en ningn tiempo, existiendo este tratado, sea interrumpido ni embarazado el libre trnsito de uno a otro mar; y por consiguiente, garantizan de la misma manera los derechos de soberana y propiedad cpie la Nueva Granada tiene
ing to them the courts of justice for conducting their judicial aft'airs, on the same terms and conditions as those applyiug to native citizens. Likewise, the citizens of both countries shall enjoy wiHiin the territory of either eountry perfect and unlimited liberty of conscience, and shall have the riglit to practice their religin privately or publiely in their own homes or in the churches or places of worship assigned for the purpose in conformity with the laws and customs of the respective countries. The citizens of the contracting countries shall have the right to navigate with their ships, in freedom and security, from any port to the ports of any luition that is or may hereafter become an enemy of either contracting party, and no discrimination shall be made as to the owners of the merchandise carried on board. Art. 25 of this treaty reads as follows: "In order to lessen the evils of war, the two liigh contracting parties furtiier agree that should war unfortunately break out between them, hostilities shall be conducted ouly by persons duly authorized by the government, and by their subordinates, except for the purposes of preventing invasin or defending property." Art. 26 of the same treaty reads "Whenever one of the contracting parties should be at war with another state, no citizen of the other shall accept any eommission or letters of marque for the purpose of aiding or hostilelj' cooperating with said enemy state against the said party at war, under penalty of being treated as a prate." In Art. 35 both parties solemnly stipulate that the citi:
zens. ships
joj-
shall en-
Granada, including those of the Granadian territory generally known as Isthmus of Panam, all the exemptions, privileges and immunities, with regard to eommerce and navigation, now granted, or that may hereafter be granted, to Granadian citizens, their ships and merchandise. The government of New Granada guarantees to the government of the United States that the right of way or transit across the Isthmus of Panam
at the ports of
New
upon any modes of comnuuiication that now exist, or that be hereafter constructed, shall be open and free to the government and citizens of the United States, and for the transportation of any articles, produets, manufactures or merchandise, of lawful eommerce belonging to the citizens
may
of the United States that no other tolls or charges shall be levied or coUected upon the citizens of the United States, or their said merchandise, thus passing over any road or canal that may be made by the government of New Granada, or by tlie authority of the same, thau are, under like
;
eircumstances, levied upon and collected from Granadian In order to secure to themselves the tranquil and citizens. coustant eujoyment of these advautages, and as an especial compeusation for the said advautages, and for the favors they have acquired, the United States guai'antee, positively anci efficaeiously, to New Granada, by the present stipulation, the perfect neutrality of the before-mentioned Isthmus, with the view that the free transit from the one to the other sea may not be interrupted or embarrassed in any future time while this treaty exists; and, in eonsequence, the United States also guarantee, in the same manner, the rights of sovereignty
territorio.
On
El 23 de julio de 1892 se firm un tratado de amistad, comercio v navegacin con el Imperio Alemn.
52
navigation was signed between the Republic of Colombia and the Germn Empire.
On ]\Iay 30, 1892, a convention on alienship, commerce and navigation was entered into between the Republic of Colombia and the French Republic, in which they guarantee to each other the treatment of the most favored nation in regard to their domieiled citizens and to all matters of commerce and navigation, ineluding iraportation, exportation and traffic, and, in general, everything concerning eustom-house duties and commercial operations, the exereise of commerce and industry, and the payment of
the taxes attaching thereto.
El 27 de octubre de 1892 qued concluido un tratado de amistad, comercio y navegacin entre la Repblica de Colombia y el Reino de Italia, segn el cual hay entera y completa libertad de comercio y de navegacin entre los dos pases, y los nacionales de ambos podrn entrar libremente y con toda seguridad con sus buques y cargamentos en todos aquellos parajes, puertos y ros de Colombia y de Italia que estn abiertos o en lo futuro se abran a la navegacin y al comercio de cualquiera otra nacin; estatuye
tambin que los colombianos en Italia y los italianos en Colombia gozarn de proteccin completa de sus personas y propiedades y tendrn derecho de libre acceso a los tribunales para sostener y defender sus derechos y para gozar de entera libertad de conciencia y de completa seguridad en el ejercicio de su culto, y para adquirir y poseer bienes de toda clase, sean muebles o races, lo mismo que para gozar de las mismas ventajas e inmunidades respecto de los derechos de las aduanas tambin gozarn los nacionales de cada una de las partes, en el territorio de la otra, de la misma proteccin que los naturales en todo lo concerniente a la propiedad de los inventos o descubrimientos industriales as como a las marcas y signos de flDrica o de
;
On October 27, 1892, a treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation was signed between the Republic of Colombia and the Kingdom of Ital.y. According to it, there shall be fuU liberty of commerce and navigation between the two countries, and the citizens of both shall have the right to enter freely and securely with their ships and cargoes all places, ports and rivers of either country which are or may in future be open to the navigation and commerce of any other nation. It stipulates also that Colombians in Italy and Italians in Colombia shall be fully protected in their persons and properties, and have free access to the courts to maintain and defend their rights they shall enjoy full liberty of conscience and complete security in the exereise of their cult, and shall have the right to acquire and possess property of all kinds, whether chattels or real estte, and shall enjoy the same advantages and im;
munities as native citizens with regard to custom-house duties. Also, the citizens of either nation shall enjoy within the territory of the other the same protection as native citizens in all that relates to patents of invention or discovery, as well as to trade-marks and devices.
comercio.
El 21 de agosto de 1908 se firm un tratado de comercio y navegacin entre la Repblica de Colombia y la Repblica de los Estados Unidos del Brasil, para consolidar cada vez ms sus antiguas relaciones de amistad y promover y facilitar en sus regiones amaznicas y por las fronteras, que han quedado felizmente establecidas, el comercio y la navegacin fluvial, en el sentido de recpi'oca libertad de navegacin para los buques mercantes colombianos y brasileos en los ros reconocidos comunes a Colombia y al Brasil. El 10 de agosto de 1905 se firm un tratado de amistad, comercio y navegacin entre la Repblica de Colombia y la Repblica del Ecuador para consolidar y perpetuar sobre bases definidas las relaciones amistosas, altamente importantes, establecidas entre las dos repblicas.
21, 1908, a treaty of commerce and navigawas signed between the Republic of Colombia and the United States of Brazil, to strengthen once more their od relations of friendship, and to promote and faciltate in their Amazon regions and along the frontiers, which have been satisfactorily settled, commerce and fluvial navigation, with reciprocal liberty of navigation for Colombian and Brazilian merchant vessels on rivers acknowledged as common to Colombia and Brazil.
On August
tion
On August 10, 1905, a treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation was signed between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Ecuador to strengthen and perpetate on definite bases the friendly relations, highly important, existing between the two republics.
El 25 de mayo de 1908 se firm un tratado de amistad, comercio y navegacin entre la Repblica de Colombia y el Imperio del Japn, segn el cual quedaron establecidas sobre base firme y duradera las relaciones de amistad y comercio entre los respectivos estados, y qued estatuida la recproca libertad de comercio y navegacin entre los territorios y posesiones de las dos altas partes contratantes, teniendo los ciudadanos y subditos de una y otra recproca libertad de comercio y navegacin y amplia y perfecta proteccin para el franco acceso a los tribunales de justicia, y el goce de perfecta libertad de conciencia. El 24 de junio de 1909 se firm un tratado de amistad y comercio entre la Repblica de Colombia y la Confederacin Suiza para conservar y estrechar los lazos de amistad entre los dos pases, como tambin para fomentar por todos los medios posibles las relaciones comerciales entre los ciudadanos de los dos estados; en todo lo concerniente a comercio, aduanas, navegacin, consulados, reglamentacin del ejercicio de las profesiones comerciales e industriales, y a los impuestos que por ellas correspondan,
53
On May 25, 1908, a treaty of friendship. commerce and navigation was signed between the Republic of Colombia and the Empire of Japan, by which the friendly and commercial relations between the two states were established
on a firm and lasting basis, and which stipulates reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation between the territories and possessions of the two high contracting parties, their citizens and subjects being guaranteed reciprocal liberty
of commerce and navigation, and free access to the courts of justice, as well as absolte liberty of conscience.
On June 24, 1909, a treaty of friendship and commerce was signed between the Republic of Colombia and the Swiss Confederation to preserve and sti-engthen the bonds of friendship between the two countries, as well as to promote by all possible means commercial relations between the citizens of the two states in all that relates to trade,
custom-houses, navigation, consulates, regulation of commercial and industrial occupations, and of the taxes en-
tailed
del otro.
Los ciudadanos de uno de los dos pases establecidos cu otro quedarn sometidos a las leyes de su iiatria en lo que concierne al servicio militar y a las prestaciones impuestas en cambio del servicio ]H'rsonal, y no podrn, en consecuencia, ser compelidos a ningn servicio militar ni a ninguna de las prestaciones impuestas eu cambio del
el
by them, protection of industrial exclusive rights (inveution patents, trade-marks, labels, samples, ames of the places where they originated or statements as to where they carne from), protection of scientific literary and artistic works, observing in this last respect the speeial provisions of the laws of each of the two states. The eitizens of either state shall enjoy in the territory of the other absolute liberty of conscience. The government shall protect them in the observance of their cult in their ehurclies, chapis or other places devoted to divine service. provided they conform to the laws and customs of the conntry. The same principie will be applied to the interment of eorpses of eitizens of either of the two countries dying within the territory of the other. The eitizens of either conntry residing in the other shall be subject to the laws of their conntry in regard to military service and contributions impased in lien of personal service, and henee may not be compelled to render any military service or be subjected to any contributions imposed in lieu of personal service.
servicio personal.
se firuu'i una convencin de Colombia y los Kstados luidos de Amrica con la mira de facilitar la administracin de justicia y de asegurar la represin de los delitos que puedan cometerse en los territorios de las dos naciones, y cuyos responsables intenten eludir la pena huyendo del un pas y refugindose en el otro.
siete
El
de
mayo de 1888
extradicin
entre
On Jlay 7, 1888, a eonvention of extradition was signed between Colondiia and the l^nited States of America, with a view to exppditiiig the administration of justice, and to insure the repression of crimes that may be eommitted in the territory of either nation and whose perpetrators attempt to escape pnnishment by fleeing to the other nation
to seek
refuge therein.
de julio lie 18!1l2 se firm una convencin de extradicin entre la Rejnibliea de Colondiia y el Reino de Espaa, para favorecer la recta administracin de justicia y evitar que sus respectivos pases sirvan de refugio para eludir la represin y castigo de los criminales o los delin'28
El
On Jnly 23, 1892, a eonvention of exti'adition was signed between the Republic of Colombia and the Kingdom of Spain, to further tbe right administration of justice and to prevent criminis and cidprits in either conntry from eseaping pnnishment by seekiug refuge in the other.
cuentes.
El nueve de abril de 180 se firm una convencin para la recproca extradicin de reos entre la Repblica de la Nueva Granada y la Repblica Francesa, para facilitar la administracin de justicia, y asegiirar la represin de delitos que se cometan en los territorios de las dos naciones, y cuyos autores o cmplices pretendan eludir la vindicta legal huyendo del uu pas y refugindose eu el
otro.
9, 1850, a eonvention on the reciprocal extraof culprits was signed between the Republic of New Granada and the Freneh Republic, to expedite the administration of justice, and insure the repression of crimes eommitted in the two nations and the anthors or accomplices of which may attempt to escape legal pnnishment by fieeing from one of the two nations to seek refuge in the other.
On
April
dition
El 27 de octubre de 1888 se firm un tratado de extradicin entre la Repblica de Colombia y la Gran Bretaa para la mejor administracin de justicia y para la prevencin del crimen en los dos pases y en sus jurisdicciones respectivas, y en qne se estipula que las personas acusadas o convictas de los delitos que se enumeran eu l y que se hallen huyendo de la justicia, sean entregadas recprocamente en ciertas circunstancias.
On Oetober 27, 1888, a treaty of extradition was signed between the Republic of Colombia and Great Britain to i^xpedite the administration of justice and the pvevention of crime in the two countries and their jurisdietions a treaty which provides that pei-sons who, eharged with
;
or convicted of the crimes eniunerated in the treaty, are fugitives from justice, shall in specified circumstanees be delivered by one country to the other.
El 18 de julio de 1911 se firm un acuerdo sobre extradicin entre las Repblicas del Ecuador, Bolivia. Per, Colombia y Venezuela para entregarse mutuamente los individuos que, procesados o condenados por las autoridades judiciales de uno cualquiera de los estados contratantes, como autores, cmplices o encubridores de ;dp:nno o algunos de los crmenes o delitos especificados, dentro de la jurisdiccin de nna de las partes contratantes, busquen asilo o se encuentren dentro del territorio de nna de ellas. Para que la extradicin se efeetvie es preciso qne las pniebas de la infraccin sean tales qne las leyes del lugar en donde se encuentre el prfugo o enjuiciado, jnstifiqnen sn detencin o sometimiento a jnicio, si la comisin, tentativa o frustracin del crimen o delito se hubiese verificado
en
l.
On July 18, 1911, an agreement on extradition was signed by the Republics of Ecuador, Bolivia. Per, Colombia and Venezuela for the mutual delivery of all persons who, indicted or convicted by the judicial authorities of any one of the contracting states, as authoi-s. accomplices or abettore of any of certain specified transgressions and crimes ^^itl^n the jnrisdiction of one of the contracting jiarties, may seek reftige or be fonnd in the territory of any one of them. In order that exti'adition may be effected, it is necessary that the evidenee of guilt should be such that tbe laws of the countiy where the fugitive or indicted person is fonnd justify bis detention or trial, if the crime had been attempted or eommitted in that eoiintry.
54
On March
culprits
13, 1873, a
Per.
El 6 de abril de 1914 se firm entre el gobierno de Colombia y el de los Estados Unidos de Amrica un tratado pblico con el fin de terminar las diferencias provenientes de la secesin de Panam. Este tratado fu sometido a la consideracin del Congreso colombiano, quien lo aprob, y est sometido en estos momentos a la consideracin del Senado de los Estados Unidos. El tratado de 6 de abril es una convencin directa realizada en el momento ms oportuno y regida por dictados de verdadera y sana poltica. Ese tratado es reflejo de la opinin nacional de Colombia, pues la mayora de la na'^
On April 6, 1914, a public treaty was signed between the Colombian government and that of the United States of America, with a view to ending the differences arising from the secession of Panam. This treaty was submitted to the consideration of the Colombian Congress, which approved it, and is at present before the Senate of the United States.
The treaty of April 6th is a convention effected at the mcst opportune moment, prompted by a clean and sound policy. It embodies the national opinin of Colombia, for the majority of Colombians favor and support it. It reads
as follows:
concebido
en
los
siguientes
trminos
Article
Artculo 1 El gobierno de los Estados Unidos de Amrica, deseando poner trmino a todas las controversias y diferencias con la Repblica de Colombia provenientes de los acontecimientos que dieron lugar a la actual situacin del Istmo de Panam, en su propio nombre y en nombre del pueblo de los Estados Unidos lamenta sinceramente que hubiera podido ocurrir algo que interrumpiera o alterara las relaciones de cordial amistad que por tan largo tiempo haban existido entre las dos naciones. El gobierno de la Repblica de Colombia, en su nombre y en el del pueblo colombiano, acepta esta declaracin en la plena seguridad de que as desaparecer todo obstculo que impida el restablecimiento de una completa armona entre los dos pases.
I.
The government of the United States of America, wishing to put at rest all controversies and differences with the Republic of Colombia arising out of the events from
whi'li
in the
Panam ame of
re-
the
people of the United States, sincere regi'ct that anything should have occurred to interrupt or to alter the relations of cordial friendship that had so long subsisted between the two natious. The government of the Republic of Colombia, in its own ame and in the ame of the Colombian people, accepts this declaration in the full assuranee that every obstacle to the restoration of complete harmony be-
Artculo
2
los siguientes
al ferrocarril
to
way
shall be at liberty at all transport through the interoceanic canal its troops, materials of war and ships of war, even in case of war between Colombia and another country, with,out paying any charges to the United States. (2) The products of the soil and industry of Colombia passing through the canal, as well as the Colombian mails, shall be exempt from any charge or duty other than those to which the products and mails of the United States may The products of the soil and industry of be subject.
(1)
libertad en todo tiempo de transportar a travs del canal interocenico sus tropas, materiales y buques de guerra aun en el caso de guerra entre Colombia y otro pas, sin pagar nin^^n
times
derecho a los Estados Unidos. 2) Los productos del suelo y de la industria colombiana que pasen por el canal, as como los correos colombianos, estarn exentos de todo gravamen o derecho distintos de los que deban pagarse sobre los productos y correos ao los Estados Unidos. Los productos del suelo y de la industria colombiana, tales como ganados y comestibles, sern admitidos en la Zona del Canal sin pagar otros derechos; que aquellos que se pagan por productos similares de los Estados Unidos. 3) Los ciudadanos colombianos que atraviesen la Zona del Canal, con la presentacin de la prueba competente de su nacionalidad, quedarn exentos de todo peaje, impuesto o derecho a que no estn sujetos los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos. 4) Durante la construccin del canal interocenico y despus, siempre que est interrumpido el trfico por el canal, las tropas, material de guerra, productos y correos de la Repblica de Colombia, como arriba se mencionaron, y aun en caso de guerra entre Colombia y otro pas, sern transportados en el ferrocarril entre Ancn y Cristbal, o en otro cualquiera que lo sustituya, pagando solamente los mismos gravmenes y derechos que se impongan a las tropas, material de guerra, productos y correos de los Estados Unidos. Los oficiales, agentes y empleados del gobierno de Colombia, con la presentacin de la prueba competente de su carcter oficial o de su empleo, tendrn tambin derecho al transporte por el dicho ferrocarril en las mismas condiciones de los oficiales, agentes y empleados del gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Lo estipulado en este
Colombia, such as cattle and provisions, shall be admitted Canal Zone without paying other duties or charges than those payable by similar products of the
to entry in the
United States. (3) Colombian citizens crossing the Canal Zone shall upon produetion of proper proof of their nationality be exempt from every toll, tax or duty to which citizens of the United States are not subject.
(4) During the construction of the interoceanic canal and afterwards, whenever trafc by the canal is interrupted, the ti'oops, materials of war, products and mail of the Republic of Colombia, as above mentioned, shall, even in case of war between Colombia and another country, be transpoi-ted on the railway between Ancn and Cristbal or any other railway substituted therefor, paying only
the same charges and duties as are imposed upon the troops, materials of war, products and mails of the United The officers, agents and employees of the governStates. ment of Colombia shall upon produetion of proper proof of their official character or their employment, also be entitled to passage on the said railway on the same terms as officers, agents and employees of the government of the United States. The provisions of this paragraph shall not,
55
Panam.
(5) Coal and sea salt produced in Colombia, passing from tbe Atlantic coast of Colombia to any Colombian port on the Pacific coast, and vice versa, shall be transported over the aforesaid raihvay free of any charge except the actual cost of handling and transportation, which shall not in any case exeeed one-half of the ordinary freight charges levied upon similar producs of the United States passing over the raihvay and in transit from one port to another of the United States.
Articulo 3."
Los Estados l'nidos de Amrica convienen en pagar a la Repblica de Colombia, dentro de los seis meses siguientes al canje de la.s ratificaciones de este tratado, la suma de veinticinco millones de pesos oro, en moneda de los Estados
Unidos.
Artich III. The United States of America agrees to pay to the Republic of Colombia, within six months after the exchange
of the ratifications of the jiresent treaty, the sum of twentyfive million dollars, United States gold currency.
Artculo 4. Reconocindose la independencia de Panam como un hecho cumplido, se conviene en que los lmites entre la Repblica de Colombia y la Repblica de Panam se basarn en la ley colombiana de O de junio de 1855, y que por consiguiente la lnea divisoria ir del cabo Tibur(n a las cabeceras del ro de La Miel, y siguiendo la cordillera por el cerro de Gand a la Sierra de Chugargiin y la de Mal a bajar por los cerros de Nigue a los altos de Aspave, y de all a un punto en el Pacfico equidistante entre Cocalito y Ardita.
Artich ir. Recognizing the independence of Panam as an accomplished fact, it is agreed that the boundaries between the Republic of Colombia and the Republie of Panam shall be based on the Colombian law of June f>, 1855, and that therefore the dividing line shall run from Cape Tiburn
to the heachvaters of the
La
]\Iiel
through the Candi ridge (cerro) to the Chugargn and Mal sierras, and down through the Nigue ridges to
lera
the Aspave heiglits (altos-), and thence run to a point on the Pacific ecjuidistant from Cocalito and Ardita.
Convencin de l'AyiiETEs Post.u.es entre l.v Repblica DE Colombia y los Estados Unidos de Amrica.
Artculo 1 1) Se admitirn en las valijas que se cambien confomie a esta convencin, mercancas y objetos transmisibles por el correo, de cualquier gnero que sean (exceptuando cartas, tarjetas postales y todo papel escrito), que se admitan conforme a los reglamentos que rigen respecto de las valijas del interior del pas de origen, con tal de que ningn paquete exceda de cinco kilogi-amos u once libras mximo de de peso, ni de las dimensiones siguientes largo en cualquiera direccin, sesenta centmetros o dos pes; mximo de permetro, iin metro veinte centmetros o cuatro pies y deber envolverse o cubrirse de manera que permita que su contenido sea fcilmente examinado por los empleados del correo y de la aduana. 2) Ser prohibida la admisin en las valijas cpie se cambien entre los dos pases conforme a esta convencin, de los objetos siguientes: publicaciones que violen las leyes de propiedad literaria del pas de destino, lquidos, venenos, materias explosivas o inflamables, substancias grasosas, las fcilmente liquidables, animales vivos o muertos,
:
Pabcel-Post Convention Betwt:en the Republic of Colombia AND THE United States of America.
Artklc
(1)
1.
exchanged merchandise and mail matter of all kinds (letters, post-cards and written papers excepted) that are admitted under any conditions to the domestic mails of the country of origin, except that no package must exeeed five kilograms or eleven pounds in weight, or the foUowing dimensions: greatest length in any direction, sixty centimeters, or two feet greatest girth, one hundred and twenty centimeters, or four feet and nuist be so wrapped or enclosed as to permit their contents to be easily examined by post-office and custom-house
There
under
employees.
(2) The following articles are prohibited admission to tbe mails exchanged under this convention publications which vilate the copyright laws of the country of destination liquids poisons explosive or inflammable substances fatty substances tliose which easily liquefy Uve or dead animis, not embalmed insects and reptiles confections pastes fruits and vegetables which will decompose easily substances which exhale a bad odor lottery tickets or circulars all obscene or immoral articles and otlier articles which may destroy or in any Avay damage the mail bags or injure the persons handling them. (3) All admissible articles of merchandise mailed in one of the two countries for the other, or received in one of the countries from the other, shall be free from any detention or inspection whatever, except such as is necessai^y for collection of customs duties, and shall be forwarded to their destination by the most specdy means, being subject in their transmission to the laws and regulations of
:
no disecados, insectos y reptiles, dulces, pastas, frutas y vegetales que pueden descomponerse fcilmente, substancias que exhalen mal olor, billetes o circulares de lotera, todo objeto obsceno o inmoral, y otros artculos que puedan destituir o de alguna manera daar las valijas, o causar perjuicio a las personas que las manejen. 3) Todos los paquetes de mercancas admisibles que se depositen en el correo de un pas con destino al otro, o que se reciban en un pas, procedentes del otro, sern libres de toda detencin o inspeccin de cualquier gnero que sea. exceptuando solamente la que fuere necesaria para cobrar los derechos aduanales, y se despacharn a su destino por la va ms rpida, quedando sujetos en su transmisin a las leyes y reglamentos de cada pas, respectivamente.
Artculo
1)
2
o comunicacin que tenga el carcter
Ninguna carta
letter or communieation of the nature of personal correspondence may aceompany, or be written on or enclosed withiu any parcel.
No
56
Article
3.
1) Se pagarn previamente y en su totalidad, en todo caso, los siguientes portes de correos, en estampillas del
rates of postage shall in all cases be required to be fully prepaid with postage stamps of the country of origin
(1) (2) Por a parcel not exceeding four hundred and sixty grams, or one pound, in weight, twelve cents; and for each additional four hundred and sixty grams, or one pound, or fraction thereof, twelve cents.
The following
por porte de correo; pero el pas del destino puede, a su opcin, imjjoner y cobrar a la persona a quien se dirija el paquete, y en compensacin del servicio interior y de entrega, un recargo que no exceda de cinco centavos por cada paquete que no pase de cuatrocientos sesenta gramos o una libra, y si el paquete excediere de ese peso, se cobrar un centavo por cada ciento quince gramos o cuatro onzas de peso, o fraccin de ese peso.
,
(3) The pareis shajl be promptly delivered to addressees at the respective post-offices in the country of destination, free of charge for postage but the country of destination may at its option levy and colleet from the addressee, for interior service and delivery, a charge not
;
exceeding five cents on each parcel not over four hundred sixty g)'ams, or one pound, in weight; and if the weight exceeds four hundred sixty grams, or one pound, a charge of one cent for each one hundred fifteen grams, or four ounces, or fraction thereof, of weight.
Article
4.
Articula d. 1) Al depositar en el correo un paquete, se entregar al remitente un recibo que acredite su entrega en la oficina de correo que lo recibi, conforme al modelo anexo
(1) The sender will, at the time of mailing a parcel, receive a receipt of mailing from the post-office where the
parcel
(2)
is
nmero
2)
1.
The sender of
may have
El remitente de un paquete podr certificarlo, pagando el derecho de certificacin, ciue se cobrar en el pas
remitente, cuando as lo solicite, un documento que justifique la entrega de vm objeto certificado pero cada pas puede exigir del remitente el pago previo de un derecho por ese servicio, que no exceda de cinco centavos. 4) Se informar a las personas a quienes se dirijan artculos certificados, de la llegada de un paquete dirigido a ellas, por la oficina de correos de destino.
al
;
de su origen. 3) Se enviar
An
shall be returned to the sender when requested but either country may require of the sender prepayment
Artculo
Article
5.
1) El remitente de cada paquete har una declaracin aduanal, que se pegar o agregar al paquete, segn una frmula especial que se le facilitar para ese objeto (vase el modelo anexo nmero 2), que contenga una descripcin general del paquete, una manifestacin exacta de su contenido y valor fecha del envo, fecha y lugar de residencia y lugar de su destino. 2) Estos paquetes quedarn sujetos en el pas de su destino a todos los reglamentos y derechos aduanales que estuvieren vigentes en el mismo pas para proteger las rentas de sus aduanas; los derechos aduanales, que debidamente corresponda cobrar sobre los mismos paquetes, sern cobrados al entregarse stos, de acuerdo con los reglamentos aduanales del pas de su destino.
;
(1) The sender of every parcel shall make a customs declaration, pasted upon or attached to the parcel, upon
a special form provided for the purpose, giving a general description of the parcel, an accurate statement of its contents and valu, date of mailing, and the sender 's signature and place of residence, and place of address.
shall be subject in the customs duties and all custoras regulations in forc in that country for the protection of its customs revenues and the customs duties properly ehargeable thereon shall be collected on delivery, in accordanee with the customs regulations of the country of
(2)
The pareis
in
question
all
country of destination to
destination.
Artculo
6
Article
el total 6.
Cada
del porte
shall retain for its own use the whole of the postage, registration and delivery fees it coUeets on said pareis; consequently, this convention will give rise to no seprate accounts between the two countries.
de correo, de los derechos de certificacin y de entrega que colecte sobre dichos paquetes; y, en consecuencia, esta convencin no motivar cuentas separadas entre los dos
pases.
Each country
57
Article
y.
Los paquetes se considerarn como parle componente de las valijas cambiadas directamente entre la Repblica de Colombia y los Estados Unidos de Amrica, y sern despachados por el pas de su origen al otro, o a su cost por los medios que l provea, en sacos ordinarios de .y correspondencia que se marcarn: "Paquetes postales," y se sellarn con la seguridad debida, con lacre o de alguna otra manera que se determine mutuamente por los reglamentos respectivos. 2) Cada pas devolver a la oficina de correo que los despache, por el prximo correo, todos los sacos usados en el cambio de paquetes. 3) Aunque los objetos admitidos conforme a esta convencin se transmitirn en la forma designada entre las dos oficinas de cambio, debern empacarse cuidadosamente, a fin de que puedan transmitirse en valijas abiertas de un pas, tanto a la oficina de correos de cambio en el pas de su origen, como a la oficina de correos a donde se dirijan en el pas de su destino.
postales ir acompaado de descriptiva, hecha por duplicado, de todos los paquetes enviados, que demuestre distintamente el nmero de lista de cada paquete, el nombre del remitente, el nombre de la {ersona a quien se dirige, con la direccin de su destino, y deber incluirse en iino de los sacos del mismo envo, de acuerdo con el modelo nmero 3, anexo a esta
4)
(1) Pareis shall be considered as component parts of the mails directly exchanged between the Republic of Colombia and the United States of America, and shall be despatched by the country of origin to the other at its cost and by such means as it may provide, in ordinary mail sacks to be marked "Parcel Post," and securely sealed with wax or otherwise, as may be mutually provided by regulations. (2) Each country shall return to the despatching ofHce by next mail all ba^s or sacks used in the exchange of
pareis.
(3) Although articles will be transmitted as offices, they should be so transmitted in the open
aforesaid between the exchange carefulJy packed as to be safely mails of either country, both in going to the exchange office in the country of origin and to the office to which they are addressed in the country of destination.
(4) Each consignment of parcel-post mail must be aecompanied by a descriptive list in duplcate, of all the pareis sent, showing distinctly the list number of each
parec, ame of sender, ame of addressee, with address of destination; and must be enclosed in one of the sacks of the same consignment in accordance with form No. 3 appended to this convention.
una
lista
convencin.
Artculo
8
valijas,
Article 8.
El cambio de
cualquier lugar de un pas a cualquier lugar del otro, se verificar por las oficinas de correos de ambos pases ya designadas como oficinas de correos de cambio, o por aquellas otras en que pueda convenirse ms adelante, conforme con los reglamentos relativos a los detalles de los
in either
Exchange of mails under this convention from any place country to any place in the other shall be effected
cambios que se acuerden mutuamente como esenciales a seguridad y celeridad de las valijas y a la proteccin de los derechos aduanales.
la.
through the post-offices of both eountries already designated as Exchange Post-Offices, or through such others as may be hereafter agreed upon, under such regulations relative to the details of the exchanges as may be mutually determined to be essential to the security and expedition of the mails and the protection of customs revenues.
Article
(1)
9.
Artculo
1)
9
oficina
de correos del pas del destino anotar el contenido de la valija tan luego como la reciba. 2) En el caso de que no se recibiere una lista de los paquetes enviados por el correo, se har desde luego una que la sustituya. 3) Los errores que puedan haberse cometido y se descubrieren en la lista de los paquetes enviados por el correo se corregirn despus de haber sido rectificados por un segundo empleado, y se comunicarn a la oficina que envi los paquetes en la forma de "Certificado de comprobacin," que se enviar en cubierta especial. 4) Si no se recibiere algn paquete de los contenidos en la lista, despus de haberse certificado este hecho por un segundo eiipleado, se cancelar la anotacin respectiva de la lista y se dar cuenta de este hecho, desde luego. 5) Cuando se recibiere un paquete averiado o en un estado imperfecto, se comunieai'n, en la misma forma, detalles completos sobre su estado. 6) Si no se recibiere certificado de comprobacin, o noticia de error, se considerar que la valija de paquetes fu debidamente recibida y que habiendo sido examinada, se encontr exacta bajo todos aspectos.
Artculo
Si
La
as the mail shall have reached the exof destination, that office shall cheek the contents of the mail.
As soon
office
change
(2) In the event of the parcel bil not having been received, a substitute should at cnce be prepared.
Any errors in the entries on the parcel bil which be discovered .shall, after being checked by a second employee, be correeted and reported to the office from which the pareis were sent, on a "Verifieation Certificate" form, which shall be sent in a special envelope.
(3)
may
(4) If a parcel listed on the bil is not received, after the non receipt has been verified by a second employee, the corresponding etry on the bil shall be cancelled and the fact reported at once. (5) Should a parcel be received in a damaged or imperfect condition, fuU partieulars shall be reported on the same form.
(6) If no verifieation certificate or notice of error is received, a parcel of mail shall be considered as duly delivered and found on examination correct in all respecta.
10
Article 10. If a parcel cannot be delivered to the addressee, or if the addressee refuses to receive it, it shall be reeiprocally returned withoixt charge, directly to the sending office of exchange, at the expiration of ninety days from its receipt at the office of destination, and the country of origin may collect from the sender for the return of the parcel a sum equal to the postage when first mailed.
la persona a quien se dirige, o si sta rehusare recibirlo, se devolver recprocamente sin recargo y directamente a la oficina que lo despach, a la expiracin de noventa das, contados desde su recibo por la oficina de destino, y el pas de origen puede cobrar al remitente por la devolucin del paquete una suma igual al porte que caus cuando se puso por primera vez en el correo.
58
El departamento de correos de cada uno de los pases contratantes no ser responsable por la prdida o avera que sufra algn paquete, y no podr reclamarse, por lo mismo, en ninguno de los dos pases, indemnizacin alguna por quien lo enve ni por la persona a quien vaya dirigido.
Artculo 12.
countrj'.
El Dii-ector General de Correos y Telgi-afos de la Repblica de Colombia y el Administrador General 'de Correos de los Estados Unidos de Amrica quedan autorizados para hacer de tiempo en tiempo y de comn acuerdo los reglamentos posteriores de orden y detalle que consideren necesarios para poner en ejecucin esta convencin, y podrn, por mutuo consentimiento, establecer condiciones para la admisin de las A'alijas de cualquiera de los objetos prohibidos por el artculo 1.
Artculo 13. Esta convencin se ratificar por los pases contratantes de acuerdo con sus respectivas leyes, y sus ratificaciones se canjearn en la ciudad de Washington, lo ms pronto que fuere posible. Una vez ratificada y canjeadas sus ratificaciones, comenzar a tener efecto el 1 de abril de 1889, y continuar en vigor hasta que se termine por consentimiento mutuo; pero podr anularse con la notificacin de uno de los departamentos de correos, hecha al otro con seis meses de anticipacin.
'
The Postmaster-General of the United States of America, and the Director General of Posts and Telegraphs of the Republic of Colombia, shall have authority to jointly make from time to time such further regulations of order and detall as they may find necessary to carry out the present eonvention and may by common agreement prescribe requirements for the admission to the mails
;
of
any of the
articles prohibited
by Article
1.
Article 13.
contracting
their respective laws, and its ratifications shall be exchanged at the city of Washington as early as possible. Once ratified, and its ratifications exchanged, it shall become effective on the first day of April, 1889, and shall continu in forc until termisix
nated by mutual agreement; but may be auuulled upou months' previous notice given to either post-ofSce de-
to the best ceuters of culture abroad in order to perfect their studies. Both the federal and the sectional governmeuts are well disposed to-
young men
wards such movement. The federal government has engaged the services of one Belgian and one English professor to teaeh agrieulture also a teacher of wireless telegraphy, who are already in the
;
Oficina del Ministro de Instrucci(in l'blica fesores extranjeros, cuyo conOflSce of the Minister of Public Instruction curso ser de la mayor imporistry tancia para la enseanza de la and of some speeial branches of law at the Law University, such as administraQumica o para establecer en la Facultad de Derecho ciertas tive law, statistics and finances. In their turn, the Departctedras que an no se han instituido all, tales como las de ments of Antioquia and Cauca have brought foreign teachDerecho Administrativo, Estadstica y Hacienda Pblica. ers to their universities for instruction in engineering, mePor su lado los Departamentos de Antioquia y Cauca han chanics, agronomy, painting, languages, etc. And other detrado a sus universidades respectivas competentes profepartments are taking pains to send several students abroad. sores para las enseanzas de Ingeniera, Mecnica, AgroThe Department of Cundinamarca has passed an ordinoma, Pintura, cultivo del tabaco e idiomas, al paso que nance whereby it is disposed to send abroad two of the otros departamentos se preocupan por enviar a costa de su graduated teachers who may have excelled during the erario algunos jvenes a recibir lecciones en los centros eourse of study, to learn pedagogy. A similar ordinance europeos. En Cundinamarca una Ordenanza dispone enviar a Europa dos de los maestros graduados que ms se was passed by the Legislature of Caldas, and another one was considered in the Department of Nario by the last hayan distinguido en concurso, para hacer estudios pedaLegislature. The Department of Boyae had already supggicos. Igual cosa ordena otro acto de la Asamblea de Cal-
country; and it has also taken the necessaiy steps to engage the sei-vices of other teachers from abroad whose cooperation will be of great importance in establishing the chairs of chem-
59
Museo
das,
Nac'iuiuil
Niitioual
.Musoimi
Bogot
Museo Nacional
National
Museum
Bogot
;
y uu provecto con los mismos iies pas en la de Nario en sus sesiones ltimas. Ya desde antes el Departamento de Bo>ae vena sosteniendo nn joven en Italia y otro en Suiza y pm- cuenta de la nacin otros tres jvenes, desde la Administracin que finaliz en ag'osto de 1!)14, siguen estudios en la Universidad de Chile. El gobierno se ha. venido ocupando en el cumplimiento de las leyes que en relacin con el ramo de instruccin pblica dict el Congreso ltimo, sealadamente la que dispone la reunin de corporaciones pedaggicas, la que establece el servicio de la meteorologa nacional, la que manda que se abra el cur.so de Kaitiologa en la Facultad de Medicina, y la (pie fomenta la enseanza del ahorro. Para preparar la reunin ilel Congreso Pedaggico se ha constituido nna Junta Organizadora, conpuesta de i-espetables ciudadanos versados en las distintas ramas de la instruccin pblica, y se han adoptado otras medidas contenidas en Decreto ejecutivo de U de mayo ltimo, dictado en
;
desarrollo de la
Ley 62 de 1916.
ported a student in Italy and one iu Sv(?itzerland and the National Administration that ended in 1914 supported three students at the Chile University. The government has been complying with the laws passed by the last Congress regarding public instrnction, especially the one relating to the convening of teachers congresses, for the establishment of national meteorology, for the opening of a coui-se in radiologj^ iu the University of Medicine, and for the eneouragment of instrnction on savings. To prepare for the gathering of the teachers congress an organization board was organized composed of prominent citizens vereed in the dift'erent branches of public instrnction. Aud other measures have been taken as defined in the Executive Deeree of the 31 of May last, dictated in furtherance of Law 62 of 1916. Attention has also been given to the very important law regarding the national meteorological service, after the
president of the republic, by virtne of his constitutional authority, assigned to this ]\Iinistry everything coimected
lia prestado a la muy importante ley relativa al servicio meteorolgico nacional, despus que el seor presidente de la repblica, haciendo uso de facultad
Igual atencin se
constitucional, adscribi a este Ministerio lo concerniente Se ha empezado por pedir a casas muy a tal servicio. acreditadas del Exterior los instrumentos necesarios para repartirlos a las distintas estaciones, y al propio tiempo se
The first thing done was to order from flrst class firms abroad the instruments required, which will be distributed among the different stations; and at the same time, steps have been taken, in accordwith the above service.
auce with the Director of the National Observatory, to lcate said stations and to select the persons or corpora-
han dado
los pasos conducentes, de acuerdo con el seor director del Observatorio Nacional, para el sealamiento
Museo Nacional
National
Mnseum
Bogot
tions
Museo Naciunal
National
Museum
Bogot
de esas estaciones y para escoger las personas o entidades que hayan de ocuparse en practicar las observaciones meteorolgicas. Se ha procurado escoger principalmente las universidades y otros centros de instruccin superior donde los hay, y las misiones en los territorios apartados, sin olvidar tampoco el intento del legislacior de que se hagan tambin observaciones de esa clase en las escuelas.
60
are to take charge of the meteorological obserCare has been exereised to prefer the nniversities and other centers of higher edncation wheu possible, and the missions in the distant territories, bnt withont forgetting the purpose of the legislators that similar obvations.
who
servations be
made
at the schools.
INSTRUCION PRIMARIA
Catequizacit e Instruccin de las Teibus Salvajes
Los Territorios Escolares donde la instruccin primaria est confiada a las Misiones catlicas son los de Casanare,
PRIMARY INSTRUCTION
Catechization and Instruction op THE Indians
The school districts where primary instruction is entrusted to the Catholic Missions are: Casanare, Caquet and Putumayo, Goajira and Sierra Nevada, San Martn, Tierra Adentro, and Arauca.
Caquet y Putnmayo, Coajira y Sierra Nevada, San Martn, Tierradentro y Arauca. En la Intendencia Nacional de San Andrs y Providencia tiene el Ministerio un agente directo, que lleva la denominacin oficial de Inspector Escolar, y que en las funciones y atribuciones de su empleo se asemeja a los Directores Generales de Instruccin Pblica de los departamentos. Autoriza con su firma los nombramientos y dems providencias que con relacin al desarrollo e incremento del ramo expide el Intendente Nacional. Por medio muy anlogo se gobierna la instruccin pblica en la Intendencia del Choc. All tambin tiene el Ministerio su agente, que lleva el ttulo de Visitador Escolar. La inspeccin en San Andrs y Providencia y la Visitadura Escolar en el Choc continan servidas por seglares, cuyo nombramiento corresponde directamente al gobierno
nacional.
Hasta
el
ao de 1916 haba en
establecimientos oficiales
Escuelas primarias de varones 3, .515 con 175,683 alumnos " Escuelas primarias de mujeres 1,207 " 145,968 " Instruccin secundaria de varones 70 " 8,275 " Instruccin secundaria de mujeres 32 " 2,389 " Instruccin artstica e industrial de varones 15 " 1,047 Instruccin artstica e industrial de mujeres " 13 " 1,212
En el mismo ao haba 771 establecimientos privados con 41,092 alumnos de ambos sexos. En los Territorios Escolares e Intendencias^ haba en el expresado ao 200 establecimientos oficiales y 16 privados, con 8,423 alumnos de ambos sexos. Funcionan adems en algunos departamentos escuelas de Agricultura, jardines de la infancia y escuelas industriales en distintos ramos. Fuera de las 29 escuelas normales que existen en el pas, la instruccin secundaria y
Museo Nacional
National
Museum
Bogot
In the Intendaney of San Andrs y Providencia the Ministry appoints a direct agent offlcially called Scholastie Inspector, whose functions are similar to those of the Director of Public Instruction in the departments. He authorizes with his signature all appoiutments and other measures taken by the intendant for the promotion and de-
velopment of public instruction. Very similar means apply to the public instruction in the Intendaney of Choc, The Ministry has an agent there called "Visitador Escolar" (Inspector of Schools). Public instruction both in the Intendaney of San Andrs and in Choc is served by laymen appointed by the federal government. Up to the year 1916 there were in the republic the
following
offieial
edueational establishments
3,515 with 175,683 pupiis " " 1,207 145,968 " " 70 8,275 " " 32 2,389 " " 15 1,047 " " 13 1,212
Primary Schools for boys Primary Schools for girls Secondary Schools for boys Secondary Schools for girls Art Schools for boys Art Schools for girls
Observatorio Nacional
National
bservatory
Bogot
profesional cuenta con una Universidad Nacional y cuatro departamentales, y establecimientos tan importantes como el Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Seora del Rosario, Colegio de
San Bartolom, Escuela Nacional de Comercio, Instituto de la^ Salle, Colegio Nacional de San Luis Gonzaga, Liceo
de Po X, Colegio de Restrepo Meja, Facultad de Derecho 61
In the same year named, there were 771 prvate establishments with 41,092 students of both sexes; and in the intendancies, 200 offieial and 16 prvate establi.sbments with 8,423 students of both sexes. There are besides in some departments several schools of agriculture, kindergartens, and manual training schools of different kinds. Outside of the 29 normal schools that exi.st in the country, secondary and professional education is imparted in the following institutions one National University and four in the departments; the colleges of Nuestra Seora del Rosario, San Bartolom, National School of Commerce, La Salle Institute, College of San Luis Gonzaga, Liceo Po X.,
:
y Ciencias
cional de Msica
otros
instruccin
en las masas populares que ninguna otra nacin de la Amrica espaola. Desde la poca de Bolvar hasta hoy, se ha tenido a Colombia como la ms intelectualmente vigorosa de las naciones de la Amrica Meridional, y esto
obedece precisamente al gran impulso que con especial esmero han dado todos los gobiernos al ramo de instruccin, el cual cuenta con suficientes universidades y colegios bien establecidos y reglamentados convenientemente, para alumnos de ambos sexos, y con un pei-sonal docente que es prenda, segundad y garanta para los asociados. Segn los censos de poblacin y estadsticas escolares, el siguiente cuadro respecto al analfabetismo sudamericano demuestra claramente la verdad de lo aseverado en las
lneas anteriores
Pas
College Restrepo Meja, Facnlty of Law and Political Science of the National and Republican Universities Faeulties of Natural Science and Medicine of the National University; Faculty of Mathematics and Bngineering, Girls' National School etc * 01 A,n,..o+ the +i, ^^;;^'i manual i j Amongst principal +t,i;i establisuments and arj i- j.x ii.r, i ^ , mstruction deserve special mention Escuela Central ^f': ^^ Artes y Oficios (Central School of Arts and Trades) National School of Weavers, National School of Art, the National Conservatory of Musie, and others. In Colombia the instruction of the masses is more disseminated than in any other Spanish-Ameriean country. From the time of Bolvar to the present, Colombia has been considered as the most intellectual of those eountries, which s owing precisely to the careful impulse given to publie instruction by ail the administrations of Colombia. As j^^,, 1,^^,^ ^j^o^^,,^^ ^,^pj.g ^^,^ jp^^^y of universities, colleges ^^^^ ^^j^^^j^ ' provided with a first-class staf of teachers as a .,. Pnl^lic guarantee According to the census of population and to school stati^tics, the truth of the .statement made above is shown by the following table
Poblacin
(Inhabitants)
.5,500,000
Analfabetos
(Illiterates)
(Countrv)
Colombia
Uruguay
Argentina
Chtle Ecuador'.
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Paraguay
Brasil.
.
Bolivia
Peri
Venezuela.
'.;.'.'..
.'
'
25% 37% 53% 86% 72% 87% 86% 82% 88% 90%
Dr.
Andrs M. Pardo
Secretario,
el
Dr.
Abraham
Aparicio.
La Sociedad dispuso publicar un peridico que se llam Revista mdica^: el primer nmero apareci el dos de julio de 1873 y su primer redactor fu el Dr. Po Rengifo. Durante 18 aos, y sin apoyo oficial, trabaj asiduamente esta Sociedad y realiz una labor cientfica muy importante, dando impulso al estudio de las ciencias mdicas y naturales y a la ciruga en Colombia. En 1890 el Congreso de la repblica, teniendo en cuenta la notoriedad y la importancia de los trabajos de la Sociedad, la elev a la categora de Academia Nacional de Mediciva por medio de la Ley 71 de 1890, que fu propuesta al Congreso por el Doctor Abraham Aparicio. El 25 de abril de 1891 se celebr la sesin inaugural de la Academia, que declar instalada el Presidente de la Repblica Doctor Carlos Holgun. Los primeros dignatarios fueron: presidente. Doctor Jos Mara Buenda; vicepresidente. Doctor Nicols Osorio, y secretario perpeLa Academia qued, tuo, Doctor Pablo Garca Medina.
62
cio.
April 25, 1891, the inaugural session of the Academy held, the president of the republic, Dr. Carlos Holgun, formally declaring it established. The first officers were: president, Dr. Jos Mara Buenda; vice-president, Dr. Nicols Osorio; and perpetual secretary, Dr. Pablo Garca Medina. The Academy was then organized with 40 active members as provided by law. It has continued the work of
On
was
The Academy has today 35 active, 6 honorary and 15 eorresponding members, all uational, besides 5 foreigii members.
1
_^^^
-tu
wSjM
te^rffli
Sehool
of Medicine
Escuela de Medicina
Bogot
Under the auspiees of this Society, two medical congresses have been held in Colombia. The first one, due to the initiative of the members Doctors Pablo Garca Medina and Elberto de J. Roca, convened in Bogot on July 20, 1893, aud was inaugurated by the president of the republie,
This congress was attended by 129 and 4 veterinarians. Dr. Juan de D. Carrasquilla presided at the inaugural session, and Dr. Nicols Osorio, president of the Academy, presided at the elosing session. This congress held sessions f or five days during these sessions thirty-six papers were submitted, the following among them A Study of Leprosy in Colombia, by Dr. Gabriel Castaeda, who won the five-hundred doUar prize awarded by the Academy A Study of Malaria, by Dr. Juan de D. Carrasquilla L. Poisonous Colombian Opliidia, by Dr. Evaristo Garca Leprosy in Antoquia, by Dr. Manuel LTribe ngel Remittent Malarial Fevers, by Dr. Julio M. Escobar Treatment of Hepatic Abscesses, by Dr. Jos Toms Henao Yelloiv Fever in the Interior of Colombia, by Dr. Luis Cuervo Mrquez; The Feeding of Workmen in the Savanna of Bogot, by Dr. Manuel Cotes. On July 26, 1910, at the initiative of the Academj^, the
Caro.
physicians, 4 professors of natural scienee,
; : ;
;
Don Miguel A.
DE.
emy
dente de
of
Medicine
Centenary
scientifie sessions
were held,
to contribute to the
la Academia. Tuvo este congreso sesiones durantes seis das y en l se presentaron 36 trabajos, entre los cuales se distinguen: Estudios sobre la, lepra en Colombia, por el Doctor Gabriel Castaeda, quien obtuvo un premio de $500 oro otorgado por la Academia; Estudios sobre el paludismo, por el Doctor Juan de D. Carrasquilla L. Los ofidiios venenosos de Colombia, por el Doctor
;
Evaristo Garca La lepra en Antioquia, por el Doctor jManuel LTribe ngel Fiebres paldicas remdtentes, por el Doctor Julio M. Escobar; Tratamiento de los abscesos hepti-cos, por el Doctor Jos Toms Henao; La fiebre amarilla en el interior de Colombia, por el Doctor Luis Cuervo Mrquez; Alimentacin de los trabajadores en la Sabana de Bogot, por el Doctor Manuel Cotes. El 26 de julio de 1910 se celebraron, por iniciativa de la Academia, las sesiones cientficas del Centenario, para contribuir a la celebracin del primer centenario de la independencia de Colombia. Estas sesiones fueron abiertas por el Presidente de la Repblica, General Ramn Gouz; ;
Escuela de Medicina
Sehool
of Medicine
Bogot
celebration of the first centenary of the independence of Colombia. These sessions were inaugurated by the presi-
dent of the republie, General Ramn Gonzlez Valencia; the opening session being presided over by Dr. Pablo Garca
Medina
as president of the
elosing ses-
sion by Dr.
There were ten sessions, in whieh important subjects were discussed, and resoluAparicio.
Abraham
64
re-
la
de clausura por
el
Hubo
Among
diez sesiones en que se discutieron trabajos importantes y se adoptaron acuerdos sobre higiene y otros asuntos relacionados con la medicina en Colombia. Entre los trabajos presentados figuraron: La lepra en Colombia, por el Doctor Juan B. Montoya y Flrez, obra que se consider como la ms importante de nuestra literatura cientfica; Fiebre amarilla, y fiebre espiroquetal, por los Doctores Roberto Franco F., Toro Villa y J. Martnez S. Profilaxis
;
mitted were: Leprosy in Colombia, by Dr. Juan B. Montoya y Flrez, a paper that was declared to hold the first
y de las enfermedades venreas, por el Doctor Eicardo F. Parra; Alimentacin de nuestra clase obrera en relacin con el alcoholismo, por el Doctor Pablo Garca Medina; Clima de Bogot, por el Doctor Julio Garavito; Construcciones higinicas e higiene escolar, por A. Borda Tanco; T'wberculosis renal, por el Doctor Zoilo Cullar Duran Estadstica del servicio de ginecologa, por los Doctores Rafael Uers y Martn Camacho; Anemia tropical y lucha antianmica, por el Doctor Jos del G. Crdenas. El Segundo Congreso Mdico Nacional se reuni en la ciudad de Medelln el 19 de enero de 1913. El congreso fu abierto por el gobernador del Departamento de Antioquia, en representacin del presidente de la repblica; la sesin inaugural fu abierta por el Doctor Pablo Garca Mediiia, como presidente de la Junta Organizadora del Congreso fueron presidentes honorarios los Doctores Juan David Herrera y Andrs Posada Arango y la sesin de clausura fu presidida por el Doctor Luis Cuervo Mrquez, como presidente de la Academia Nacional de Medicina. Tuvo el eongi-eso 14 sesiones en que se trataron 25 trabajos y varias comunicaciones orales. En esas sesiones tomaron parte 119 profesores de los diversos departamentos de la repblica. Entre los trabajos presentados a este congreso, figuran los siguientes: Climas del Valle del Cauca, por el Doctor Evaristo Garca; Aguas minerales de Colombia, por los Doctores Adriano Perdomo, Miguel Jimnez Lpez y Vctor Peuela; Fiebre amarilla, por el Doctor Gabriel Toro Villa Historia de la fiebre amarilla en Colombia, por el Doctor L. Cuervo Mrquez; Fiebre amarilla en Santander, por el Doctor David McCormick; Fiebre recurrente, por el Doctor Jos T. Henao Sindramas poUglandulares de Caldern; La la Altiplafliicie, por el Doctor Luis F. ciruga en los departamentos del Carnea, de Antioquia y de Caldas, por los Doctores Pablo Garca A., J. V. Maldonado, Emilio Robledo y Jos T. Henao Estadstica de ciruga, por el Doctor Juan B. Montoya y Flrez Higiene de la^ escuelas, por el Doctor Alfonso Castro Profilaxv de la lepra en Colambia, por el Doctor J. B. Montoya y Flrez; Bebidas alcohlicas en Colombia, por el Doctor Luis Cuervo Mrquez; Estadstica de la lepra en Colombia, formada de 1905 a 1912, por el Doctor Pablo Garca Medina La higiene en el ferrocarril de Antioquia, por el Doctor Emiliano Henao; Nuestro cdigo penal y la irresponsabilidad de los criminales, por el Doctor Gil J. Gil La criminalidad en Colombia, por el Doctor R. Fajardo Vega; Educacin fsica, por el Doctor M. Jimnez Lpez. En este congreso se adoptaron acuerdos importantes sobre higiene escolar, polica sanitaria, organizacin de la higiene pblica, necesidad de emprender la lucha antialcohlica; sobre creacin de laboratorios de bacteriologa; sobre ejercicio de la profesin mdica y de la farmacia, y se acord verificar la reunin del Tercer Congreso Mdico
de la
sfilis
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
rank in the scientific literature of Colombia Yellow Fever and Spirochoeta Fever, by Drs. Roberto Franco F., Toro Villa, and J. Martnez S. Prophylactics of Syphilis and Venereal Diseases, by Dr. Ricardo F. Pan'a; The Feeding of our Working Classes in its Relation to Alcoholism, by Dr. Pablo Garca Medina Climate of Bogot, by Dr. Julio Garavito Hygienic Constructions and School Hygiene, by A. Borda Tanco Renal Tuberctilosis, by Dr. Zoilo Cullar Durii Statistics of the Gynecological Service, by Drs. Rafael Ucrs and Martn Camacho Tropical Anemia and the Antianemia Struggle, by Dr. Jos del C. Crdenas. The Second National Medical Congress was opened at the city of Medelln on Jnuary 19, 1913. It was installed by the governor of the Department of Antioquia, as the representative of the president of the republic. The inaugural session was opened by Dr. Pablo Garca Medina, as president of the organizing committee of the Congress, and Doctors Juan David Herrera and Andrs Posada Arango were its honorary presidents. The closing session was presided over by Dr. Luis Cuervo Mrquez, as president of the National Academy of Medicine. The congress held fourteen sessions, during which twenty-five papers were subThey were atmitted, and several addresses delivered. tended by 119 professors of different departments of the
; ; ; ; ; ;
republic.
the Cauca Valley, by Dr. Evaristo Garca; Mineral Waters of Colombia, by Drs. Adriano Perdomo, Miguel Jimnez Lpez, and Vctor Peuela Yellow Fever, by Dr. Gabriel Toro Villa History of Yellow Fever in Colombia, by Dr. L. Cuervo Mrquez Yellow Fever in Santander, by Dr. David McCormick; Becurrent Fever, by Dr. Jos T. Henao Poltjglandular Syndrmnes on the Highlands, by Dr. Luis F. Caldern; Surgery in the Departments of Cauca, Antioquia and Caldas, by Drs. Pablo Garca A., J. V. Maldonado, Emilio Robledo, and Jos T. Henao Surgical Statistics, by Dr. Juan B. Montoya y Flrez School Hygiene, by Dr. Alfonso Castro Prophylactics of Leprosy in Colombia, by Dr. J. B. Montova y Florz; Alcoholic Drinks in Colombia, by Dr. Luis Cuervo Mrquez; Leprosy Statistics in Colombia from 1905 to 1912, by Dr. Pablo Garca Medina; Hygiene in the Antioquia Railroad, by Dr. Emiliano Henao; Our Penal Code and the Trresponsibility of Crimimls, by Dr. Gil J. Gil; Criminality in Colombia, by Dr. R. Fajardo Vega Physical Culture, by Dr. M. Jimnez Lpez.
;
;
La Academia
dente,
tiene
hoy
presi-
paign; on the ereation of bacteriolgica! laboratories, and on the practice of the medical and pharmaceutical profesIt was resolved to hold the Third National Medical sions. Congress at the city of Cartagena. The present officers of the Academy are president, Dr.
:
Dr. Antonio Gmez Calvo; vicepresidente, Dr. Ucrs; secretario perpetuo, Dr. Pablo Garca Medina secretario bienal, Dr. Julio Aparicio tesorero, Dr. Jess M. Pulecio.
Rafael
;
;
Antonio Gmez Calvo; vice-president, Dr. Rafael Ucrs; perpetual secretary, Dr. Pablo Garca Medina; biennial
secretary,
Dr.
Jess M.
Pulecio.
65
ACADEMIA COLOMBIANA DE
JURISPRUDENCIA
El 23 de septiembre de 1894 se fiin por los principales abogados, magistrados y jueces de la capital de la repblica, el acto constitutivo de esta asociacin, que en sus primeros aos se llam Sociedad CoJombmna de Jurisprudencia. Desde entonces y por espacio de veintitrs aos ha tenido vida continua y regular, siendo reconocida su personera jurdica por resolucin del gobierno de 6 de diciembre de 1895 mereciendo luego, por la respetabilidad de sus trabajos, un auxilio oficial y que la ley que decret ste, la 48 de 1898, la hiciese cuerpo consultivo del go;
23,
and judges of the capital of the republic signed an act establishing this association, which for some years was called Sociedad Colombiana de jurisprudencia. Ever since then, it has regularly performed its functious, having been recognized as a legal solicitor by government decree of Deeember 6, 1895. Owing to the merit of its work, it received later an official subsidy, and Law 48 of 1898, vphich granted the subsidy, made the Society an advisory board
to the
government.
into
an Academy by
official
bierno.
Sociedad, tornada en Academia por acuerdo de 18 de de 1904, segn el primitivo pensamiento de su fundacin, no ha publicado memoi'ias sino una revista, llamada de 1897 a 1904, Anales de Jiirisp-rudeiicia (60 nmeros), y de 1910 a ho.y Revista de lu Academia Colomhiama de Jurisprudencia. (Va en el nmero 55.)
La
julio
decree of Jnly 18, 1904. In accordance with the original design of its founders, it has published no seprate papers, its only publication being a review which from 1897 to 1904 bore the title Anales de Jurisprudencia (sixty numbers), and since 1910 to the present time has been called Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Jurisprudencia (fifty-five mimbers published so far).
Muoz
principio ha colaborado con los poderes pblicos en la preparacin de importantes proyectos de ley o de En su seno se han dictado cerca de medio cencdigo.
Desde
From
its
its
inception,
it
el
bilis and laws. At sessions nearly fifty papers have been read on current topics of importance to the country, especially about Pana-
tenar de conferencias sobre los ms trascendentales tpicos de actualidad en el pas, especialmente sobre Panam. peticin del gobierno, ha resuelto consultas de imporTiene tambin tancia y emitido concepto sobre libros. seccin de resolucin de consultas de particulares. Tiene establecido anualmente el Premio del Centenario para la mejor tesis de grado en derecho o ciencias pol-
m. At the request of the government, it has solved important problems and given valuable opinin about publieations. It has also a consulting section which gives adviee
to prvate persons.
ticas en el pas.
promovido en ste la fundacin de Se hace representar en toda festividad patritica y en los congresos cientficos del exterior. Mantiene canje con todos los tribunales de Colombia y con las cortes, facultades y bibliotecas nacionales de los otros pases de Amrica y algunos de Europa. Su biblioteca lleva el nombre del ms eminente de los jurisconsultos colombianos, Camilo Torres, y se enriquece sin cesar. Abre concursos anuales entre sus miembros. Se compone de cuarenta miembros de nmero, de muchos
varios
Ha
The Academy has established an annual Centenary prize {Premio del Centenario) for the best graduation thesis on law or political science presented in the republic. It has encouraged throughout the country the foundation of simi,
lar institutions.
centros
similares.
It sends representatives to every patriotie function, as well as to scientific congresses abroad. It is in constant intercourse with the tribunals and courts of Colombia, the coUege faculties and the libraries of both Colombia and the other countries of America, and some European countries. Its library bears the ame of one of the most prominent Colombian jurists Camilo Torres and is constantly growing. The Academy holds annual meetings for the reading of papers and awarding of
prizes.
It
consists of 40 active
correspondientes nacionales y extranjeros, j de muy pocos honorarios. Celebra sesiones ordinarias todos los viernes del ao acadmico (febrero a diciembre).
raembers,
members.
66
members, many corresponding both national and foreign, and a few honorary It holds ordinary meetings every Priday during
Dr. Pedro Mara Carreo, President. Doctor of law political science of the University; professor of the philosophy of law at the same institution, and author of a well-reputed textbook on the subject; ex-secretary of gov-
and
Dr. Marco A. Muoz, Vicepresidente. Doctor en Derecho y Ciencias Polticas de la Universidad Republicana en 1894. Desde entonces ha vivido consagrado con xito al ejercicio de la profesin de abogado en el foro de la capital de la repblica, donde es hoy jefe de una de
las
ms antiguas agencias judiciales. Fu de los fundadores de la Academia en 1894 y uno de sus ms adictos miembros, lo cual le vali en 1915 la
eleccin para vicepresidente en el perodo de 1916.
ernment of the Department of Cundinamarca ex-congressto the National Constituent and Legislative Assembly; ex-minister of government; ex-minister of foi-eign aftairs and ijublic instraction ex-minister plenipotentiary of Colombia to Great Britain; author of the Code of Public Instruction; etc., etc. Db. Marco A. Muoz, Vice-president. Doctor of law and political science, graduated from the Universidad Republicana in 1894. Ever since then he has been practising his profession as a lawyer in the capital of the republic, where he has had great success and is at preseut head of one of the oldest law firms. He was one of the founders of the Academy in 1894, and has always been one of its most active supporters, his devotion having led to his being
;
man; ex-deputy
Doctor Arturo Quijano. Secretario y acadmico de nmero. Miembro tambin de nmero de la Academia Nacional de Histoi'ia y de la Sociedad de Autores de Colombia Correspondiente de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Polticas de Espaa y de la Real de Ciencias y Artes de Cdiz, de la Nacional de Historia de Venezuela y del Ateneo de Guatemala; Honorario de la Sociedad Jurdica de Bogot; Consejero Auxiliar de Estado; encargado del Archivo de la Legacin de Cuba antiguo abogado del Senado de la Repblica de Colombia en la Comisin Investigadora de los asujitos de Panam; miembro de la Comisin cooperadora del IV Congreso Cientfico Lati)ioanieripano del XVII Congreso de Americanistas Director de El Porvenir de Bogot autor de varios folletos acadmicos y de los libros Evolucin del Derecho Penal en Colo^nhia, Ensayos nter(Este nacionalistas y Bibliografa del Derecho colo-mbiano. ltimo ha sido presentado al Congreso Americano de Bibliografa e Histoi-ia Buenos Aires, julio de 1916 y ha valido a su autor cartas de felicitacin del Presidente de Colombia y del seor Borchard, Bibliotecario del Congreso de los Estados Unidos, para cuya Biblioteca remiti el doctor Quijano la primera copia).
; ; ;
;
appointed vice-president in 1915 for the 1916 term. Doctor Arturo Quijano. Secretary and member of the Colombian Academy of Law. He is also a member of the National Academy of listory and of the Authore' Society of Colombia. He is a corx'esponding member of the Royal Academy of Social Science of Madrid, of the Royal Academy of Arts and Science of Cdiz, of the National Academy of History of Venezuela, and of the Ateneo of Guatemala. Dr. Quijano belongs also to the Sociedad Jurdica of Bogot. He is a member of the State Council (Consejo de Estado) and is in charge of the Legation of Cuba. He was attoruey for the Senate of the Republic of Colombia with the Commission for the investigation of the Panam affair. He was the director of El Provenir, a newspaper of Bogot, and has written the following books: Evolution of Penal Law in Colombia, International Essays, and Bibliography of Colombian Law. This last work has been sent to the American Congi-ess of History and Bibliography, obtaining for the author raany effusive letters from the president of Colombia and from the libraran of the American Congressional Library, to which the author sent the first copj'' of his work.
FERROCARRILES DE COLOMBIA
La extensin
Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril Ferrocarril
total
de
The total railroad lines of Colombia measure 1247 kilometers, distributed thus:
Amaga Railroad (1 yard between rails) Antioquia Railroad (1 yard b. r.) Barranquilla Railroad "(1.07 m. b. r.) Caldas Railroad (1 yard b. r.) Cartagena Railroad (1 yard b. r.) Ccuta Railroad (1 meter b. r.) La Dorada Railroad (1 vard b. r.) Girardot Railroad (1 yard b. r.) Northern Railroad (Imeter b. r.) Pacific Railroad (1 yard b. r.) Puerto Wilches Railroad (1 meter b. r.) Santa Marta Railroad (1 yard b. r.) Southern Railroad (1 meter b. r.) Sabana Railroad (1 meter b. r.) Tolima Railroad (1 yard b. r.)
.
Amaga
(1
rieles)..
Km,
U
il (i
Antioquia (1 yarda e. r.) Barranquilla (1 .07 m. e. r.)Caldas (1 yarda e. r.) Cartagena (1 yarda e. r.)
il
ti
r.)
yarda e. r.) del Norte (1 metro e. r.) del Pacifico (1 yarda e. r.) de Puerto Wilches (1 metro de Santa Marta (1 yarda e. del Sur (1 metro e. r.) de la Sabana (I metro e. r.) del Tolima (1 yarda e. r.)
132 62 233
e. r.) r.)
. .
ti
tt
37 kilometers " 174 " 28 " 10 " 105 ^s^ '"^ ", 72 " 111 " 132 " 62 " 233.
20"
20
1.59
(C
34 40 30
1247
"
11
159 34
(i
40 30
Total.
Km.
67
Total
1247 kilometers
L1BRI> AZUI.
Ferrocarril
ilo
Girarclot
CSiranlot
K:iilroail
Ksl.'U'iii
lio
1(1
Sabana
Sabana
Station
T^
FERROCARRIL DE LA SABANA
Y SUS CONEXIONES
1914
Estacin Je
la
Sabana
Sabana Station
Feri-oeaviil
ilo
Giiardot
Girardot
Railroad
:ii'nl
lie
r:i
iit>t
*iir
GS
De estas lneas, las de Amaga y Ccuta son de propiedad de compaas nacionales; las de Antioquia y Caldas, de
los respectivos
these lines.
departamentos;
las
de Barranquilla, Carta-
and Caldas belong departments those of Barranquilla, Cartagena, La Dorada, Girardot, the North, Puerto Wilches and Santa Marta belong to Bnglish companies; those of the Pacific, the South and Tolima are the property of the
those o Antioquia
to the respective
national companies
nation
and finally, the Sabana Railroad belongs to a national eompany, but its shares are nearly all iii the hands of the national goverament and the Depart-
ment of Cundinamarca. To avoid the inconveniences of transferring passengers aiid froight from one train to auother, especially going from Bogot to the Caribbean Sea, and the dangers presented by the iiavigation on the Upper Magdalena, the government intends to connect the Sabana Railroad with those of Girardot and La Dorada, and for this purpose has pre-
Ferrocarril de la
Sabana
Sabana
Railroad
gena,
La Dorada, Girardot,
propiedad de
el el
trayecto de la del Norte comprendido entre Zipaquir y Nemocn; y la de la Sabana de una compaa nacional
y del Departamento de Cundinamarca. Con el objeto de evitar el inconveniente de los trasbordos en la va de Bogot al mar de las Antillas, y los peligros que presenta la navegacin del Alto Magdalena, el gobierno
se
propone empalmar
los ferrocarriles
al efecto
rardot y
La Dorada, y
de tal
Cable de Mariquita
Mariquita Cable
bil to the House of Representatives in order to carry out this important work. This bil comprises likewise the connection between the Railroads of Girardot and
sented a
Tolima.
In accordance with the provisions of Law No. 89 of 1913, government has appointed a technical commission which may undertake the studies of a prospectivo railroad
the
line
between Ccuta and the river Magdalena. The comfor this work studied four diferent lines, the longest of which measures about 370 kilometers, and the shortest, 310 kilometers, from Villamizar, on the river Zulia, as far as Tamalameque on the river Magdamission appointed
lena.
Estacin
"La
obra.
el
empalme de
los ferrocarriles
Tolima.
De acuerdo con
ordenado por
el
The Government of the Department of Cundinamarca, duly authorizcd by the Assemblj', proposes to undertake the prolongation of the Sabana Railroad as far as the Magdalena river, and also the construction of a railroad between the city of Bogot and Villavicencio, on the plains A technical commission has been apof San Martn. which is ready to consider any purpose, pointed for this this line. of survey proposal for the
69
e)
ro
Magdalena.
La Comisin encargada
la
is
legally authorized to
ms
corta unos
undertake, by the system of administration, the construction of the Carare railway, which will connect the city of
meque, sobre el IMagdaleua. El gobierno del Departamento de Cuudinamarea, autorizado por la Asamblea, se propone emprender la prolongacin del Ferrocarril de la Sabana liacia el Bajo JMagdalena y la construccin de una va frrea entre la ciudad de Bogot y la de Villavicencio, en las llanuras de San Martn. Con este fin existe una Junta Tcnica encargada de estudiar las propuestas de contrato para la ejecucin de los trazados. En virtud de disposicin legal, el Departamento de Santander ha emprendido por administracin la construccin del Ferrocarril del Carare, que ha de poner a la ciudad de Tunja en comunicacin con un puerto sobre el ro de ese nombre. La va debe ser construida por los Departamentos de Boyac y Santander, salvo que si, cuando uno haya termi-
nado
la construccin
territorio, el
Entrada
al tnel, Ferrocarril
Entrance
to tunnel,
Tunja with a port on the river Carare. This railroad Une must be constructed jointly by the Departments of Boyac and Santander but after one of the Departments has fin;
it
within
its territory,
Department has not even built and opened to traffic 5 kilometers, then the flr.st Department is entitled to continu the work through the territory of the second until
the other
the line
is
completed.
The federal Government and that of Antioquia are to send shortly a commission of engineers to take up the study and survey of a prospective railway to connect the city of Medelln with a convenient terminal point on the gulf of
Urab.
Among
Manizales.
Ferrocarril de Girardot
now
is
is
in service
to connect
Girardot
Eailroad
el
el
ferrocarril en
year 13,359 tons of freight, exclusive of the rolling stock and other material belonging to the line. At the present time much aetivity is displayed in the prolongation of the Tolima Railway toward Ibagu; there
it
moved
last
El gobierno nacional y el del Departamento de Antioquia enviarn prximamente una comisin de ingenieros a estudiar el trazado de un ferrocarril que ponga en comunicacin la ciudad de Medelln con un punto conveniente del
golfo de Urab.
Entre
el
los
ferrocarriles
ya con
el
y por
el
cual se movilizaron en
Central
Station
Bogot
Actualmente
se
hay
rails.
are already 20 kilometers of surfaee ready to receive the The tract constraction of this section will commence
as soon as the bridge ordered for the river Coello arrives.
el
enrielado la llegada
it
will
have a span
70
of 44 meters,
and
its
will be 30 meters.
la
lnea del Ferrocarril del Sur hacia el Municipio de Fusagasug, para lo cual presentar al Congreso el correspon-
El trfico de
siguiante
los ferrocarriles
en
el
ao pasado fu
el
The national government also purposes to extend the line of the Southern Railroad (Ferfocarril del Sur), which runs towards the district of Fusagasug. In order to accomplish this, a bil has been preparad and is ready to be submitted to the next Congress. The traffic on these railroads during 1916 was as follows
AmagX
Amaga
$95,290.46
5,198 .46 40,557 .04
of freight of baggage
Returns
754,368 21,791 31,492,506 40,832
Pasajeros transportados
40,832
"
90.35
1,049 .07
Tons Tons
Sundries
$142,185 .38
Total
$142,185 .38
Antioquia
,
Antioquia
119,998
"
'.
'
Passengers
883,952.00
11,664 .00
Tons
of freight
Sundries
11,664.00
$1,052,531 .00
Total
$1,052,531.00
semestre)
65,332, valor,
Total
CcuTA (segundo
Pasajeros
"
Tons
of freight
$10,660.35
242,475 .67 552 .85
Sundries
Total
$253,688 .87
La Dorada
120,362, valor,
La Dorada
80,482
"
120,362 80,482
jeros
Passengers
Tons
of freight
Total
$498,712 .29
Norte
Northern
16,174 1,174,341
"
"
Pasajeros
Tons
of freight
Sundries
Total
$338,560.57
Total
$338,560.57
Pacfico
105,101, valor,
Pasajeros
$44,782 .04
6,433
"
.31,329,603
"
310,594.96
Tons
of freight
$44,782.04
310,594 .96
Sundries
Total
$355,377 .00
Total
$355,377 .00
SURPasajeros
'
Southern
171,446, valor,
$47,673 .82
3,437 48,819,982
"
"
976.14
60,808 .02 2,945 .09
Tons
of freight
Sundries
Total
$112,403 .07
Total
TOLIMA
Pasajeros
ToLIMA
164,297, valor, " 3,354 " 186,001
. . . .
. .
Animales
Bultos de carga. Varios
Total
Total
71
ESMERALDASMINAS DE MUZO
Fu Juan de Penagos, de la expedicin enviada al vencilos Muzos en 1545, a cargo del Capitn Diego Martnez, por Lope Montalvo de Lugo, apoderado del Ademiento de
lantado Alonso Luis de Lugo, el primer espaol que encontr o que reconoci en el propio territorio de los Muzos la primera o las primeras esmeraldas de procedencia de las minas de Muzo. El Capitn Martnez entr por Furatena y regres por Vlez casi totalmente vencido. Fu sta la tercera expedicin enviada a la conquista de los Muzos. La primera tuvo lugar en 1539 por orden de Hernn Prez de Quesada, bajo el comando del Capitn Luis Lanchero o Lancheros, quien, entrando por Turtur, regres vencido por tierras de los Panches. ]\Ielchor de Valds, teniente de don Alonso Luis de Lugo, encabez en 1544 la segunda expedicin, que penetr por la cuesta del Toro, pele en Sarde y volvi a Simijaca escarmentada. En 1551 la Real Audiencia envi al Capitn Pedro de Ursa, quien sigui la va de Vlez, venci a los indios, fund a Tudela, de efmera existencia, y regres incontinenti. Finalmente Luis Lancheros, jefe de la primera expedicin, entrando por Vlez, bati a los Muzos en 1559, fund en ese ao o en el siguiente (pues parece que la poblacin de Muzo tuvo su primer asiento en lugar diverso del que hoy ocupa) la Villa de la Santsima Trinidad de los Muzos, en el sitio de "Una caldera," y don Alonso Ramrez Gaseo, primer alcalde de Muzo, fu quien en 9 de agosto de 1564 descubri el famoso "Cerro de Itoco," cerro que delimita en parte o que se comprende dentro del permetro del gnipo de Muzo, nico que se ha explotado ltimamente. "Con motivo del descubrimiento de las minas de esmeraldas," dice el ingeniero seor Dimas Atuesta en informe dirigido al gobierao en enero de 1899, relativo a la mensura y levantamiento de planos de las minas de esmeralda.? de la nacin, "los espaoles prestaron preferente atencin a la villa de Muzo se ensanch notablemente la ciudad se fundaron conventos se establecieron rdenes religiosas, y se organiz el laboreo de las minas por cuenta de la Real Hacienda; hasta que en el ao de 1793, en vista de que el rendimiento de las esmeraldas extradas en dos aos fu valorado en Madrid por los mejores lapidarios en 1450 reales de velln, al paso que el costo de su extraccin haba sido de 6500 pesos, y que se dio denuncio de la negociacin y extraccin de esmeraldas hecha por particulares, se dispuso por real orden que se suspendiera el laboreo por cuenta de la Real Hacienda y que se arrendasen las minas en pblica subasta, junto con las tierras y todos los adherentes de laboreo, lo cual se efectu formando los respectivos inventarios, haciendo los avalos y demarcacin del globo de tierra que encerraba lo que hoy constituye el grupo de Muzo o Mina Real." El primer reconocedor cientfico de estas minas fu, "en 1764, el mineralogista don Jos Antonio de Villegas y Avendao, quien descubri la gran veta, que haba desaparecido, y arregl su laboreo." La superficie total de la regin minera nacional, segn el Decreto Ejecutivo del 14 de diciembre de 1871, es de 55,038 hectreas y 4,000 metros cuadrados. Segn el ingeniero seor Dimas Atuesta, dentro de ella se comprenden las cabidas de los siguientes grupos: de las Minas de Muzo o Mina Real, y de C osciles, ya citadas (1535 hectreas y 3,459 ms. es., y 2,015 hectreas y 8,880 ms. es., respectivamente) de las de La Chapa, con 1,160 hectreas y 2,920 ms. es., y de las del Cerro de Tambras o Peahlanca, con 1,615 hectreas y 1,980 ms. es. En conjunto, 6,320 hectreas y 7,230 ms. es. Durante la Colonia se trabajaron las minas por socavn, y desde 1850, segn el doctor Liborio Zerda, quien sobre el particular sigue al doctor M. Anczar, se han beneficiado a tajo abierto. En 1850 diriga las minas el seor Falln, padre del poeta don Diego, si no estoy equivocado.
:
;
RMERALDSMUZO MINES
The first Spaniard to cali attention to the Muzo emeralds was Juan de Penagos, of the expeditionary forc, commanded by Captain Diego Martnez, sent against the Muzo Indians in 1545 by Lope Montalvo de Lugo, representative of Governor Alonso Luis de Lugo. Captain Martnez went by way of Furatena and returned, nearly routed, by way of Vlez. This expedition was the third one sent to conquer the Muzos. The first one was sent in 1539 by order of Hernn Prez de Quesada, under the command of Captain Luis Lanchero, or Lancheros, who, having gone by way of Turtur, returned, defeated, through the lands of the Ranche Indians. In 1544 Melchor de Valds, an officer under Don Alonso Luis de Lugo, headed the second ex? pedition, which went up the Toro mountain, fought at Sarde, and returned, punished, to Simijaca. In 1551 the Royal Audience sent Captain Pedro de Ursa, who followed the Vlez route, defeated the Indians, founded the short-lived town of Tudela, and returned at once. Finally, Luis Lancheros, leader of the first expedition, took the same Vlez route, defeated the Muzos in 1559, and founded in the same or in the following year (for it seems that the town of Muzo was not originally situated where it is today) the town of La Santsima Trinidad de los Muzos {the Holy Trinity of the Muzos) on the spot known as "Una Caldera" (A Eettle) On August 9, 1564, Don Alonso Ramrez Castro, first mayor of Muzo, discovered the famous Cierro de Itoco (Itoco mil), which lies in part within the Muzo regin, and is the only one that has been worked of late. On aecount of the discovery of the emesald mines, says IMr. Dimas Atuesta, an engineer, in a report submitted to the government in 1899 relating to the survey of the national emerald mines, "the Spaniards gave special attention to the town of Muzo. The town was considerably enlarged, convens v/ere founded, religious orders were established, and the exploitation of the mines at the expense of the Royal Treasury was begun. In 1793, seeing that the product of the mines in two years was appraised by the best Madrid lapidaries at 1450 reales de velln, while the cost of extraction had amounted to 6500 pesos, and information having been received that prvate persons were extracting and selling stones from the mines, a royal decree ordered that the work at the expense of the Royal Treasury should be discontinued and that the mines should be rented at public auetion, together with the lands and accessories. This was carried out, making the necessary inventories and appraisements and fixing the boundaries of the land containing what today constitutes the Muzo, or Mina Real
.
'
'
'
'
The
first scientific
was "the
mineralogist
who
Jos Antonio de Villegas y Avendao, in 1864 discovered the great vein, which had disapits
Don
exploitation."
to an executive decree of December 14, 1871, the total rea of the national mining regin is 55,038 hektares and 4000 square meters. According to Engineer
According
Dimas Atuesta,
or groups: the
Muzo Mines,
or
Mina
Real,
and those of
Coscuez, already mentioned, whose reas are 1535 hektares 3450 square meters, and 2015 hektares 8880 square meters,
respectively the
;
72
and those of Cerro de Tambras, or Peablanca, 1615 hektares 1980 square meters: a total of 6320 hektares
meters,
During the
tunnel system.
According
who
in this
am
not
and emerald formations are cut through from the surface down, became necessary in the sections known as bancos (banks), owing to the fact that the rock is stock, which generally makes tunnel or gallery work uncertain and difficult.
del personal.
is
found
in the ac-
estn las minas de esmeraldas de Boyae queda entre 5 31' de latitud norte y 74 29' de longitud occidental. Esta zona se extiende sobre una estribacin de los Andes Orientales y a una altura de 8,750 a 4,180 pies sobre el nivel del mar. Los trabajos de minas se practican sobre escarpas casi perpendiculares de la montaa, desde 100 a 550 pies encima de los pequeos valles inferiores. Estos valles o antiguas ensenadas {coves) quedan a 92 millas de Bogot en direccin noi'oeste, mientras que la antigua mina de Somondoco queda solamente a 38 millas al este de la misma capital. La geologa de la regin no tiene caracteres complejos, y su edad es la comn a los Andes de los alrededores de Bogot, especialmente la del cretceo inferior. Algunas de las formaciones expuestas en las quiebras del terreno, ya sobre, ya bajo el nivel de Muzo, son abundantes en ejemCorresponden stos a la paleontologa del plares fsiles. cretceo inferior de Tejas, Nuevo Mjico, Colorado, Wyoming y las colinas orientales de la base de la Sierra Madre en Mjico, exceptuando el hecho de que en las formaciones inferiores las areniscas son extremadamente pesadas o arcillosas y de que solamente se encuentran muy pocos ejemplares fsiles en buen estado de conservacin. En las capas superiores del cretceo inferior, no obstante, donde pre'
La zona en que
cumulation of water at a higher level than that of the bancos being worked. This water, brought down from tanks of various capacities and at various heights, not only
washes down the detritus resulting from the mining operations, but also improves the sanitary conditions of the
mines.
improve the equipment of the mines, and mechanical driUs. There are on the grounds appropriate buildings for officers and workmen, and for the plice forc employed to prevent emerald thieving; also the necessary elements to attend to
It is necessary to
The zone comprising the emerald mines of Boyae lies and longitude 74 29' west, on a
4180 and 8750 feet above sea-level. The mining work is carried on in almost vertical cliffs, between 100 and 550 feet above the small valleys at the foot. These valleys, or od coves, are 92 miles northwest of Bogot, while the od
dominan
las calizas, la
fauna
es
abundante y
la flora del
Somondoco mine
is
perodo est igualmente bien representada. La formacin caliza en que estn las minas de Muzo revela cuando se la analiza tener un alto porcieutage de materia orgnica alternada. "Separ carbn en formas varias," dice el ingeniero Caracristi, "y hall asfalto y petrleo en pequeas cantidades carbn fijo (lignita de mala calidad y combustible) y tambin carbn en forma de grafito (no combustible)." Algunos de los estratos compuestos de caliza bituminosa estn cargados de compuestos hidrocarburados subsiguientes a la estratificacin original de los terrenos mismos pero es sta una condicin local y no se extiende a amplias reas, es decir, no es comn a la caliza cretcea de los Andes Orientales, excepto en las vecindades actuales de los rezumaderos de asfalto, particularmente en el ro Opn y en otras localidades en que se escapan los hidrocarburos. La roca del cenicero caracterstica de los terrenos de esmeraldas de Muzo merece un singular estudio. Tiene bastante densidad generalmente, que quiz decrece en algunos puntos al avecindarse al exterior. Es un agregado, a veces muy compacto y spero al tacto, en que entra como pasta un cemento calcreo en el seno del cual se hallan cristales de carbonates varios en bastante cantidad, piritas en cortas proporciones, y cuarzo cristalizado en razn aproximada de 20 a 25 por ciento en las muestras ms compactas, con presencia bastante frecuente de azufre nativo y de otros compuestos en pequeas dosis. Existe, o debe existir, una cierta estrecha relacin entre la presencia de algn cuerpo o de algunos cuerpos compuestos de la masa del cenicero (carbonato de cal, etc., con
;
easternly direction.
The geology of the regin is not of a complex character. The rocks are of the age of the Andean rocks in the neighborhood of Bogot; especially the lower cretaceous. Some of the formations exposed on the depressions of the soil, whether below or above the level of Muzo, abound with fossils, which correspond to those of the lower cretaceous of
Texas,
New
Mxico, Colorado,
Wyoming and
the eastern
bilis of the
heavy or clayey, and that only a few of the fossils are well preserved. However, in the upper layers of the lower cretaceous, where calcareous rocks predominate, the fauna is rich, and the flora of that period is well represented. The calcareous formation where the Muzo mines are shows,
when
"I
found coal in various fonns," says the engineer Caracristi, "and also asphaltum and petroleum in small quantities; lignito of bad quality but combustible, and incombustible graphite." Some of the strata of bituminous limestones contain hydrocarbons formed after their original deposition, but this occurs only as a local condition of small extent; that
is,
it is
not a
common
73
sobre todo)
los
que
se eueuentx'an
de igual natura-
o asociados de las esmeraldas, en las vetas de calcita esmeraldfera, relacin que hace pensar en una
leza,
como gangas,
hood of asphaltum deposits, especially in the regin of the Opn river, and others where hydroearbons rise to the
surface.
.
accin comn generadora, con modificaciones de tiempo y de lugar varios. En otros trminos, creo con el seor Caracristi que las esmeraldas se depositaron con sus gangas, etc., dentro de las grietas de dislocacin de los esquistos superiores, pero pienso que su depsito fu losterior al de los ceniceros, que no son esraeraldferos. Verdad es que en algunos puntos las esmeraldas han bajado hasta el cenicero, pero tambin es cierto que stas han bajado hasta all con vetas de calcita muy delgadas como diluidas y esfu-
as cenicero, characteristic of the emerald Muzo, deserves special attention. As a rule, its density is high, although in some cases it decreases from the inside to the surface. It is a conglomrate, sometimes very compact and rough to the touch, held together by a calcareous cement containing large quantities of crystals
fields of
madas en una roca encajante brechoide, que parece haber favoi'eeido el depsito de gemas y gangas, etc. En este
caso habra quizs coexistencia.
amount of about 20 to 25 per cent in the most compact specimens, and often native sulphur and small quantities of sundry compounds.
line quartz to the
Los accidentes orognicos y tectnicos de los terrenos de minas han venido siendo, en ocasiones, un obstculo para el xito de las explotaciones. Hoy, en principio, parece resuelto ese problema, dado que los ltimos trabajos de las minas han demostrado soluciones de continuidad frecuentes, establecidas por los trastornos violentos de las formaciones, y ya que las modificaciones de los yacimientos han llegado a ser ms conocidas. Esto, no obstante, no quiere decir que no haya problemas nuevos por resolver, sino que hay premisas nuevas para resolverlos. He podido reconocer en la seccin esmeraldfera tres pocas de formacin de vetas de calcita 1.^ La de vetas de congeneracin, segn el profesor von Kroddekk 2.^ La de vetas fecundas en esmeraldas, cuyas gangas principales o asociados, fuera de la calcita, son, en las partes ricas, los
las
:
;
in cenicero of
There niust be a cise conneetion between the presence some elements and compounds (lime car-
etc., especially with cerium), and those of the same kind found as gangue, or associates of the emeralds in emerald-bearing caleite a conneetion that suggests a coramon originating agency, with modifications due to time and
bonate,
locality.
In other words, I believe with Mr. Caracristi that emeralds with their gangue were deposited within the dislocation fissures of the
upper
schists,
but
contain no emeralds.
It is time that in
also true
that they have reached the latter with very thin caleite
(muy
mineros llaman gomas, y piritas en pequeas proporciones. Es el cuarzo muy escaso en estas vetas; y, con frecuencia, las piritas se han descomlos
que
and smeared over a brecciated have favored the deposition of the emeralds, gangue, etc. In such a case, there might have been coexistence.
rock,
which seems
to
mine
fields
have
pres-
At
puesto, coloreando
de vetas
cita
riles:
muy
shown
fre-
est-
El piso esmeraldfero, de un grosor relativo muy escaso (de 30 a 40 metros hoy), es, en su base, de un color casi negro, color que en sus partes superiores desaparece a veces, siendo reemplazado por el amarillo claro, producto tal vez de descomposiciones de hierro, y por el gris, de una
descoloracin simple.
come better known. This, however, does not imply that there are no new problems to be solved only that there are
;
new data
The congeneric veins, according Professor von Kroddekk. (2) The veins very rich in
(1)
banco de El AinarUlo encontr en 1912 muestras de esmereddas, muy interesantes en el punto de vista cristalogrfico, algunas de las cuales envi para su estudio al profesor Dr. Ricardo Lleras Codazzi, ya que sus particularidades deban no pasar inadvertidas. Transcribo el resulel
En
In these veins
(3)
quartz
is
very scanty.
el
The very
"Estos cristales," dice de las esmeraldas Lleras Codazzi. "tienen un ncleo de color gris ahumado, prismtico, que no es otra cosa sino un cristal de esmeralda coloreado por
el
having a granular structure, and barren of emeralds. The emerald-bearing formation, which is eoraparatively
very thin (30 to 40 meters at present)
its base.
is
almost black at
is
carbn
gi-afitoide.
Al rededor de
este ncleo se
disponen
In the upper
liglit
sometimes
seis cristales
esmeralda comn. El conjunto afecta la foi-ma de un prisma exagonal cuyas caras no son planas, sino que cada una de ellas forma un ngulo diedro entrante muy obtuso.
Hay
uno en
la base, paralelamente
a las aristas
found in 1912 sevfrom the point of sent some of them to Prof. Dr.
I
A mi juicio
si
se trata
no
necen
al
(Me
ought to be carefully studied. I quote below the results of his examination of these emeralds, as well as of verdachos, which are green-colored fragments of rock. "These crystals, " he says of the emeralds, "have a prismatic, smoky-grey colored nucleus, which is merely an emerald crystal colored by graphitoid coal. About this nucleus there are six rhombic crystals, having the lightgreen color of a common emerald. The whole has the form of a hexagonal prism whose faces, instead of being
plae,
parece que hay algunas observaciones a la luz poralizada que van en favor de esta suposicin.) "2. La esmeralda es una especie diforma, como lo es la calcita; los prismas exagonales de los cristales sencillos, como los canutillos, etc., corresponden a la calcita rombo-
augles.
There
are two stria systems: one at the base, parallel to the edges
que tambin da fomias prismticas, y los prismas constituyentes de las maclas corresponden a la aragonita. "Me inclino a esta segunda manera de considerar la
drica,
opinin,
to, if
to a
In my system similar
cuestin.
"En
puestos,
el
como
comprueba
la existencia
de las estras en
not the same as, that of the macle in aragonite. "This crystalline structure can be explained only in one of two ways, namely " (1) The hexagonal prisms of emeralds do not belong to
the rhombohedral but to the orthorhombie system.
Sevto con-
"Los verdachos,"
variada.
agrega,
eral examinations
by means of polarized
light
seem
He
podido determinar
elementos:
"1.
La
fuclisita, o
"(2) Emerald is biform, like calcite. The hexagonal prisms of the simple crystals correspond to rhombohedral calcite, which also presents prismatic forms and the prisms forming the macles correspond to aragonite. "1 am inclined to aceept this second hypothesis.
;
"In
que
se
encuentra a
on the lateral faces. "are of very varied composition. adds, "Verdachos," he I have found the f ollowing components "(1) Fuchsite, or chromiferoixs mica, in small rhombic
strife
adhering
to black schist.
En
to
that of
the
St.
haciendo algunas citas del estudio del seor Caracristi: "Sabemos," dice, "porque Woehler nos lo ensea, que
la belleza de la
al
cromo
el
(3) Malachite, in irregular masses, coming no doubt from modifications of chalcopyrite, which is often found
"
pesar de
lo
cual,
color
ms oscura de
las esmeraldas,
" (4) Pyrophyllite, of a very light green, almost white, which occurs in crystalline clusters with fan-like outlines in
schist fissures."
el
objeto
Owing
to the scientific
I shall
de fijar la naturaleza de la sub-staneia contenida en el "jardn," o intersticios de las esmeraldas, las encontradas
en Colombia, que tienen la apariencia de gatas musgosas
He
says:
that the
y que exhiben
lo
dades de aire, contiene gas hidroflurico, combinado con hidrgeno carburado. La expansin de estos gases debida
"We know, because Woehler has shown it, beauty of the real emerald is due to chromium. withstanding, I found in a specimen that the due to iron and fluorine. Levy found organic
This notcolor
was
matter in
despus de que las gemas son extradas de las minas, causa frecuentemente su rotura."
al calor,
Jannattaz admitted that emeralds contain finely divided carbn. In an examination conducted to ascertain the nature of the substance contained in the interstices of emeralds, those from Colombia, which have the appearance of
dice
y
el
Dr. Hatch
que
que
es
son
a ir cavities,
la parisita,
un
The expansin of
Hace aparecer
el
bable
toltico.
esta asociacin en gran manera prohecho de que estos minerales son de origen neumaSi esta opinin se adoptara, debe suponerse que
fracturada fu penetrada y atacada por gases que contenan los metales berilio, aluminio, cerio, etc., as
la
caliza
"The
pyrite and parisite (fluorocarbonate of cerium), suggest It makes it highly probable some plausible hypotheses.
75
"El pequeo
ficacin
If this
Ocupara en
la clasi-
el litio y el boro, uno neumatolticos. eminentemente y otro de los cuales son berilio (del cual la el Existe, adems, el heclio de que como que conocido esmeralda es una variedad) ha sido turmalina, el espato ocurre en asociacin con el topacio, la la casiterita en pe^natitas flurico, la lepidolita y y en las Sucedi con turmalina cavidades drsicas del granito. as, y lepidolita, en Musa Grande en California con espato flurico y casiterita en Bretaa con fluorita en Snarum en Noruega, y con topacio en el granito de Mournc Mountains. Todas estas asociaciones hablan fuertemente acerca del
mnst be assumed that the fractured limestone was penetrated and attacked by gases containing beryllium, alurainum, cerium, etc., and probably some fliiorides and hydrofluorosilicic acid. Tlie small atomie weight of berj-Uium would agree with the pneumatolytic character of this metal, which would be classed as intennediate between lithium and boron, both of
accepted,
it
'
'
There
is,
is
a variety, has
beenfound
and
pegmatite and in the geodes of granite; with tourmaline and lepidolite in Musa Grande, California; with fluorspar and cassiterite in Brittany; with fluorite in
Dada
distrito
si
el
Snarum, Norway
granite.
in
Mourne Mountains
si
en
la
emanaciones neumatolticas.
eristi
termina
as el seor
Cara-
district
"No puedo
y,
en suma,
el
hoy al pblico viene a confirmar el supuesto suyo. Mi propia hiptesis es, sin embargo, la de que las aguas que precipitaron la solucin de cal, formaron de igual modo las esmeraldas; que estas aguas procedieron de un origen nuis alto o capaz {a smircc Mgher) que el de los depsitos lacustres;
and Dr. Caracristi concludes thus cannot "I but agree with Dr. Hatch; and the original
;
work that
that
hypothesis.
uow make public for the first time confirms his My own hypothesis, however, is that the water
the
precipitated
;
emeralds
rites
el
like disinte-
y que
sta
puso
en libertad
el flor,
etc."
El estudio
cientfico
una
bella
and a fine dissemination of fluorspar on the sandstone, which liberated fluorine, etc." The scientific study of the Muzo mines and their vicinity still remains to be made. It will be a worthy task, and most
gi-ation
para
el pas. el ei-ror la
No
el
en que incurri
cali
Uniji Panamericana,
el mtodo tradicional empleado en la explotaminas consiste en retirar la tierra suelta que cubre los filones de esmeraldas y en lavarla luego con ayuda de grandes depsitos de agiaa." No es ste el mtodo empleado. El poco peso especfico de las esmeraldas, igual o menor que el general de sus gangas, etc., no lo permite. Los grandes depsitos o co-
al
Bulletn of the Pani- American Union, in which it is stated that "the traditional method foUowed in the exploitation
of the mines eonsists in removing the lose soil covering the emerald veins
deposits.
'
cin de
and washing
it
by means of
It is
large water
That
less
is
made
impossible by
is
equal to or
rrientes de
agua sirven
la
than the average of that of their gangue, etc. The large water deposits or streams are used only to carry away the detritus, and that is what is shown, or ought to be shown,
La
under which
is
printed
gemas
en seco. Solamente los residuos de la veta picada, que ha contenido esmeraldas, se someten a lavado cuidadoso en una mesa o plano casi horizontal, sobre el
se hace
The separation of the emeralds is efected without water. The only thing washed is the residue left by material from rotten veins; it is carethe statement quoted above.
suficiente
lentamente una pequea cantidad de agua, apenas para mostrar y dejar recoger los pepueos cristales de esmeralda no hallados antes por la escogencia
cual
corre
seco.
en
Juan de D. Vsquez.
washed on an almost horizontal table or board over which a stream of water flows slowly, just sufBcient to expose the small emerald crystals not found before by the process of dry separation. Juan de D. Vsquez.
fully
MINAS
Disposiciones legales.
general que la reglamenta,
MINES
Legal Dispositions.
The
etc.,
mines of Colombia are embodied in the National Code of Mines, adopted in 1887. There are, however, in the republic deposits not covered by the Code, such as guano,
huano,
to
which Colombian
legisla-
tors thought
it
advisable to
They are governed by the provisions of Art. 4, relating to Art. 110 of the Fiscal Code in forc, and defined in Decree
No. 435 of 1916, published in the Official Bulletin {Diario In this decree is oficial) of March 10 of the same year. given the form adopted by the Ministry of Public Works for contrais of this character. By looking over this form, one can easily obtain an exact idea of the obligations which the government imposes and the rights which it grants. Mining Statistics. Decree No. 1320 of 1914 prescribes the manuer in which mining statistics should be kept. Statistical data thus collected are given in the appendixes to the reports submitted to Congi'ess by the Ministry of PubIt appears from them that the regions most lic Works. generally reputed rich in mines are Antioquia, Caldas, and They show also the movement the Intendancy of Choc. of the mining industry in all its aspects number of mines denounced, tilles granted, nature of ores, nationality of denouncers and grantees, dates of denouncements and grants,
publicado en el Diario oficial correspondiente al 10 de marzo del propio ao. Consta en este decreto la pliza de contrato que tiene adoptada el Ministerio de Obras Pblicas para la celebracin de convenios de esta naturaleza, y con slo consultarla, es fcil formarse idea exacta respecto de las obligaciones que impone el gobierno y de los derechos
El Decreto No. 1,320 de 1914 prescribe la manera como debe llevarse la estadstica de minas, y en los anexos de los informes que el Ministerio presenta al Congreso aparece la estadstica referida, y de
desprende que los territorios que ms commnente reputan como ricos en minas son los pertenecientes a los Departamentos de Antioquia y Caldas y la Intendencia del Choc. En la estadstica puede apreciarse el movimiento de la industria minera en sus diversas fases nmero de minas denunciadas, adjudicadas y tituladas, naturaleza del mineral, nacionalidad del denunciante y adjudicatario, fecha del denuncio, de la titulacin, etc. Riqueza petrolera. Se estiman como ricos en yacimientos petrolferos preferentemente los Departamentos de Santander, Bolvar y Atlntico, y la regin del golfo de Urab pero no es posible que pueda localizarse la ubicacin de esta clase de minas, por falta de un mapa geolgico. Actualmente explota la Tropical Oil Company de Pittsburg (EE, UU), una concesin petrolera otorgada por el estado al seor Roberto de Mares en las regiones del Carare, y la cual est taladrando varios pozos y ha invertido una suma considerable de dinero en materiales modernos, caminos, campamentos, etc. Est vigente la Ley 75 de 1913, que autoriza al gobierno para celebrar contratos sobre petrleo, sometindolos a la aprobacin legislativa; pero el gobierno ha preferido, en atencin a razones de diverso orden, abstenerse de otorgar concesiones mientras no se expida una ley que regiamente El proyecto respectivo cursa en la Cmara de la materia.
ella se
se
etc.
Oil Fields. The Departments of Santander, Bolvar, and Atlntico, and the regin of the Gulf of Urab are considered the richest in oil deposits. However, the lack of a geological map of the republic makes it impossible to lcate with accuracy its petroliferous deposits. At present, the Tropical Oil Company of
Pittsburg,
United States, is exploiting the oil fields included in a coneession granted by the government to Mr. Roberto de Mares The company has invested a comin the Carare regin. paratively large capital in modern equipment, roads, camps,
sinking several wells. Law 75 of 1913, which authorizes the government to enter into contrais relative to oil fields, submitting them afterwards to the legislative authorities for ratification, is in forc. The government, however, for various
etc.,
is
and
At
present,
from granting
concesbil of
that nature
sentatives.
is
now under
discussion in the
House of Repre-
Representantes.
Comisin cientfica organizada para el estudio geolgico DEL PAS. La Ley 83 de 1916 facult al gobierno para adoptar las medidas que juzgare convenientes en relacin con la organizacin de una comisin cientfica encargada de hacer el estudio geolgico del pas, para adquirir, mediante el conocimiento de sus riquezas naturales, los datos indispensables para estudiar cuidadosamente las continuas
THE CouNTRY.
Scientific Commission for the Geological Study of Law 83 of 1916 empowered the g-overnment to adopt the measures it might deem advisable to organize a scientific commission that should make a geological study of the country, in order to determine its natural wealth and furnish to the government such data as will enable the government to give intelligent consideratiou to the pro-
posals
cal
it
propuestas que se hacen al gobierno sobre explotacin de minas de carbn, hierro, asfalto, petrleo, etc. El levantamiento del mapa geolgico servir asimismo pai-a suministrar datos sobre la geologa y riqueza minera del pas que demandan con frecuencia centros mineros de otras naciones.
se halla
coal, iron,
constantly receives regarding the exploitation of asphaltum, oil and other deposits. The geologithe commission will also serve to furnish mining interests information about the geology
map made by
to foreign
virtud de las autorizaciones de esta ley, la comisin debidamente organizada, y en breve se espera que presente el primer mapa geolgico del pas, que contendr
estudios sobre las salinas,
el carbn y el hierro de las zonas de Zipaquir, San Jorge y Pacho. Sern de innegable utilidad para los industriales y para el mismo gobierno los estudios de la comisin referida, si se atiende a que todo lo que propenda al conocimiento de
En
In accordance with the authorization granted by that It is is already properly organized. expeeted that the commission will soon finish the first geological map of the countiy, which will contain data regarding the salt, coal and iron mines of the Zipaquir, San
nn paso de progreso material, que en lo futuro ser fuente de riqueza pblica, ya que la riqueza mineral de Colombia es reconocida, y que quien
vincule a ella esfuerzos y tiempo no los malgasta.
Jorge and Pacho regions. The work of the commission will no doubt be of great valu to those interested in mining, as well as to the government, since everything direeted towards a better knowledge of the wealth of the territory of the republic is a step towards material progress; and in future it will beeome a source of public prosperity, since the mineral worth of the Colombian soil is well known, and no one will waste his time
or energy
who
will devote
them
to its exploitation.
77
MEMORNDUM
RELATIVO A LVS AUTORIZACIONES LEGALES DE QUE EST INVESTIDO EL GOBIERNO PARA EJECUTAR OBRAS EN EL PUERTO DE Buenaventura, y de las, sumas de que puede disponer PARA REALIZARLAS.
autoriza al gobierno para constniir en Buenaventura, previo un estudio tcnico, las obras necesarias para poner este puerto "en estado de ofrecer a los buques que toquen o puedan tocar en l la seguridad, ventajas y comodidades ms apetecibles para el trteo martimo y pai-a el anclaje." El estudio previo de esas obras ordenado por la ley, se hizo por la casa inglesa de S. Pearson and Son, Ltd., conforme al contrato que se celebr por el Ministerio de Obras Pblicas con fecha 9 de julio de ]9i;J, publicado en el Diario oficial correspondiente al 19 de agosto de ese mismo ao. De las diferentes propuestas que se han presentado al Ministerio para acometer obras en Buenaventura, solo se ha formalizado la rehitiva a la construccin de los faros.. (Vase al afecto el contrato respectivo publicado en el Diario ojirial correspondiente al 14 de dicicmbi'c de Ullf).) Para atender al costo que implica la realizacin de las obi'as ordenadas ejecutar por la licy 77* de 1912, se destino por esa misma ley el producto total de los derechos de puerto que se causen en Buenaventura, los cuales deberan irse depositando en un banco, con las seguridades debidas Se autoriz asimismo al (Art. 4*^ de la ley citada). gobierno para pagar un inters anual hasta del 7 por ciento sobre el capital que pudiera invertirse en la ejecucin de las mismas obras (Art. 5 de la misma ley). El art. 6 del
MEA/IORANDUM
On THE Legal
Pov^ers Vested in the Government por THE ExECUTION OF WoRKS AT THE PORT OP BUENAVENTURA, AND THE PUNDS It MaY UsE POR THE PURPOSE.
La Ley 77 de 1912
78 of 1912 authorizes the govermnent to construct Buenaventura, after proper technical investigations, the works necessary to place that port "in condition to ofer all desirable facilities and advantages for the movement and anchorage of such vessels as uow touel or may in futura touch at it. The preliminary investigations required by the law were conducted by the English firm of S. Pearson and Son, Ltd., in accordance with a contract between it and the Ministry of Public Works, signed July 9, 1913, and published in the
in
Law
Diario
j'ear.
Bulletin) of August 19 of the same the dift'erent proposals submitted to that Ministry for the construction of public works at Buenaventura, the only one that has led to a final agreement is the one relating to the erection of liglit-houses. (See the respective contract published in the December 14, 1915, number of the Diario oficial.) To defray the expenses entailed by the construction of the works ordered by said Law 77 of 1912, the same law appropriates the port toUs colleeted at Buenaventura, which, as they are received, must be deposited in a bank, with proper guarantees. (Art. 4 of the law referred to.) Art. 5 of the same law authorizes the government to pay interest at a I-ate not exceeding 7 per cent per annum on the capital
oficial {Official
Of
tlie
Art.
also nego-
mismo
ti.
Tambin podr
el
gobierno contratar un emprstito destinado a dichas obras, dando en garanta los derechos de puei-to que se dedican a ellas y hasta cinco unidades del producto de las aduanas de Cartagena y Buenaventura, con tal que el descuento inicial no sea mayor del l jior ciento y el inters anual no pase del 6 y el fondo de amortizacin del 2." Complementa lo que acaba de copiarse la disposicin del art. 2 de la ley 49 de 1914, que dice: "Art. 2. Para el servicio de intereses y fondo de amortizacin del emprstito que sea necesario contratar con destino a la construccin de las obras expresadas, el gobierno puede dar en garanta la parte libre de los derechos de aduana que se causen a deber en el puerto de Buenaventura." Una suma de relativa consideracin ($306,307.06) que se hallaba depositada en el consulado de Londres para cumplir las disposiciones de la ley 77 de 1912, fu retirada de all por el gobierno, haciendo ste uso de la autorizacin expresa que le confiri la ley 27 de 1914, la que en su parte pertinente autoriz el retiro de esta cantidad y la de cualquiera otra que hubiera depositada en el mismo consulado y por razn de lo preceptuado por la ley 77 de 1912, con posterioridad al 7 de julio de 1914, para invertir tales sumas en gastos comunes de administracin, en atencin a Estas sumas se delas difciles circunstancias fiscales.
volvern para aplicarlas al fin que se propuso el legislador, tan pronto como se halle restablecida la situacin normal del Tesoro Pblico, y este hecho se entender cumplido cuando, a contar del primero de enero de 1915, el producto total de las aduanas en tres meses corresponda a un promedio de nueve millones al ao. (Art. 2, ley 27 citada.)
tiate a loan devoted to such works, guaranteeing it with the port tolls appropriated for them, and not more than five per cent of the custom-house duties of Cartagena and Buenaventura, provided the initial discount shall not exceed ten per cent; provided also that the rate of interest shall not exceed six per cent per annum, and that of the sinking fund, two per cent." The provisions above quoted are suppleniented bj' Art. 2 of Law 49 of 1914, wliich reads: "For the payraent of interest and the sinking fund required by the loan necessaiy for the con.struction of the aforementioned works, the government may give as guarantee the free portion of Ihe customs duties of the port of Buenaventura." A comparatively large sum (.$306,307.06) which had been deposited with the London consulate to comply with the provisions of Law 77 of 1912, was withdrawn by the government, in accordance with the explicit authorization eonferred on the government by Law 27 of 1914; a law that authorized the withdrawal of these funds and any others that might have been deposited with the same consulate; and, in compliance with Law 77 of 1912, after July 7, 1914, the government was empowered to devote such funds to common administrative expenses, in view of the diffieult These funds will be returned, to be used fiscal situation. for the purposes for which the lawgivers appropriated them, as soon as normal conditions are reestablished in the Treasury, which will be considered to be the case when, after Jannary 1, 1915, the total proceeds of the cnstomhouses during a period of three montlis shall correspond to an average of nine millions per year. (Art. 2 of Law 27
of 1914.)
citadas las disposiciones que autorizan, o bien contratar un emprstito destinado a la ejecucin de las obras de Buenaventura, o bien su construccin directa
Quedan
garantizando un inters sobre las sumas que esa misma construccin demande, aplicando a su pago, en uno u otro caso, fondos determinados; y queda tambin indicada la axitorizaein que se le confiri al gobierno para disponer de 78
In the foregoing have been given the legal dispositions authorizing tlie government to either negotiate a loan for the construction of public works at Buenaventura, or directly to nndertake the construction, guaranteeing a eertain interest on the capital required for the work, usiug certain specified funds to defray the expenses in either case and likewise the authorization has been quoted that
;
mismos fondos para gastos comunes de administracin, con la obligacin de devolverlos cuando se restablezca la
Es de advertir que los seores Pearson tienen, conforme un derecho preferencial con respecto a la
ejecucin de las obras de Buenaventura, siempre que sus condiciones sean igualmente favorables para la nacin, comparadas con las que proponga un tercei'o. Esta circunstancia debe tenerse presente para hacerla conocer de los prestamistas en el caso de que se trate de contratar un emprstito destinado a la ejecucin de esas mismas obras.
permits the government to use those same funds for common expenses of its administration, on conditiou that they be returned when the state of the Treasury again becomes normal. It should be observed that the Pearson fi-m has, aecording to contract, a preferential right for the execution of the works at Buenaventura, provided its terms are as advantageous to the nation as those proposed by other parties. This fact should be borne in mind and made known to prospeetive lenders, in case a loan should be negotiated for the construction of the works.
Law 25 of 1913 direeted that from August 7, 1914, the exeeutive branch should be divided into eight ministries, one of which was that of Agriculture and Commerce, which did not exist before. In compliance with that law, the government issued De-
En el mismo ao de 1914 se dict la Ley 65, que determin el personal del Alinisterio de Agi-ieultura y Comercio y facult al gobierno para "proveer o no los puestos creados por la misma lej', teniendo en cuenta la situacin del Tesoro nacional y las uecesidades del fomento agrcola." En uso de la autorizacin expresada, aunque la ley reparta el despacho del Ministerio en seis secciones, se le ha dividido en cuatro, que son suficientes por hoy para su buen funcionamiento. La Seccin prhnera la integran el Secretario, el Oficial Mayor del IMinisterio, un Oficial de Registro encargado de anotar toda la correspondencia que llegue al Despacho, el Portero y dos Conserjes. La Seccin segunda se subdivide en dos ramos: el de Agricultura, a cargo de un Jefe, dos Ayudantes y un Cartero, y la de Estadstica comercial, agrcola y pecuaria, dirigida por un Jefe, un Sub-Jefe y dos Escribientes. La Seccin tercera tena a su cargo, hasta el 1 de agosto ltimo, los ramos de Navegacin y de Comercio. Desde la fecha indicada el ramo de Navegacin Fluvial, o sea todo lo relativo al servicio de limpia y canalizacin de los ros navegables de la nacin y a la organizacin de los impuestos que en ellos se cobran, con destino exclusivo al mejoramiento de los mismos ros, pas al Ministerio de Obras Pblicas, y en cambio se le adscribi al de Agricultura y Comercio el ramo de tierras baldas. Esta Seccin, llamada hoy de Baldos y de Co-
Ministerio de Agricultura
Ministry of Agriculture
cree No. 772 of July 31, 1914, and afterwards Decree No. 932 of the same year, definiug the matters that should come within the attributions of the new ministry. In the same year of 1914, Law 65 was enacted, determining the personnel of the Ministrj^ of Agriculture and Commerce, and authorizing the government "to fiU or not the offices created by the same law, taking into account the con-
dition of the national Trea.sury and the necessities of agricultural development." In accordance with that authorization, althougli the law divided the new ministr.v into six sections, it has been divided into four, which at present are sufficient for the perSectiou one consists of the formance of its funetions. Secretary, the Head Officer of the Ministrj^ (Oficial Matiar del Ministerio) an oficer of records having charge of reeording all the correspondence received by the ministry, a janitor, and two wardens or keepers. Sectiou two is subdivided into two departments: that of Agriculture, with a Chief two assi.stants, and a letter earrier and that of Commerce, Agricultural and Live-Stock Statistics, whose personnel consists of a Chief, au Assistant Chief, and two Section three was in charge, up to the first of Auclerks. gust last, of the brauches of Navigation and Commerce. After that date the branch of Fluvial Navigation. which includes all matters relative to the cleaning and canalization of the navigable rivers of the republic, as well as to the organization of the tolls to be paid in them for the ex,
79
improving them, was transferred to the Ministry of Public Works, while the branch of Public Lands was assigned to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. This sectiou, which is now called Section of Public Lands and Conunerce, has a Chief and two clerks for the Public Lands Branch, and one Sub-Chief, one Assistant and one clerk, for the Commerce Branch. This section includes also the branch of colonization, under the diclnsive purpose of
Escuela de Agricultura
un
etc.
ao de 1917 empezar a funcionar la Escuela de Agricultura Tropical, cuyo objetivo esencial es la formacin de agrnomos y expertos en cultivo y aprovechamiento de los frutos tropicales. stos, como el caf, el cacao, la caa de azcar, el pltano, los cocos, el arroz, etc., constituyen la base principal de la riqueza agrcola del pas, que, con excepcin de reducidos trechos en las mesetas andinas, en donde se cultivan el trigo, la cebada, las papas, etc., es
el
En
rection of a Head Officer ( Oficial Mayor) Section four, in charge of the bookkeeping of the ministry, consists of a Chief, a bookkeeper and a clerk. The ministry has as its organ a special publication giving official and scientific Information. It is called Revista agrcola, is issued every niontli, and is directed and edited by the Head Officer of the Ministry. Besides that organ of agTieultural propaganda, the Agricultural School of Bogot was founded in March, 1915, as a national eenter for teaching agriculture and live-stock raising, giving sufficient instruction to all students wishing to obtain the degree of agronomic engineer. That institution oifers besides praetical one- or two-3'ear eourses, in accordance with special regulations, to form technical farm chiefs, agricultural and hortieultural instructors, etc. also, eourses in forestry, in the raising of cercis, irrigation, keeping of domestie animis, special veterinary eourses, etc. In the year 1917, the School of Tropical Agriculture will be opened. Its principal purpose is to form experta in the cultivation of tropical producs. Such producs, which include cofl'ee, cacao, sugar-cane, plantain, cocoanuts, rice, etc., form the basis of the agricultural wealth of the country, whose climate, with the exception of a few Andean plateaus, where wheat, barley, potatoes, etc., are grown, is essentially tropical. Both the Agi-ieultural School of Bogot and the School of Tropical Agriculture will be provided with appropriate experimental grounds and the necessaiy facilities for the raising, crossing, selection, etc., of live-stock, all kinds of which, especially cattle, are among the most important sources of wealth of Colombia, where large herds can be raised on the extensive plains of the Pata and Cauca rivers; on the Pacific coast; on the banks of the Magdalena and in the valleys of Tolima and Sogamoso in the pastures of Corozal, Sin, and Valle Dupar, on the Atlantic coast; in San Martn and Casanare, the Orinoco and Amazon basins, etc. The number of these herds can be increased almost indefinitely as soon as there are sufficient
; ;
esencialmente tropical. Anexos, tanto a la Escuela de Agricultura de Bogot como a la Ti-opical, se establecern los campos de experimentacin correspondientes y los puestos zootcnicos para el cruzamiento, la crianza, seleccin, etc., de ganados, ya que stos, sobre todo el bovino, son una de las venas de riqueza ms importantes de Colombia, en donde las extenssimas sabanas del Pata y del Cauca, sobre el litoral del
Pacfico, las riberas del Magdalena y los valles del Tolima y Sogamoso, en el interior del pas, las dehesas de Corozal, del Sin y Valle Dnpar, en la costa atlntica, y los llanos
de San Martn y Casanare, hacia las hoyas del Orinoco y del Amazonas, alimentan hoy rebaos considerables, que pueden multiplicarse ilimitadamente, en cuanto haya facilidades para la exportacin de carnes. esto se ha provisto por la Ley 21 de 1916, que fomenta el establecimiento
Internado de la Escuela de Agricultura Boarding Students' Annex of the School of Agriculture, Bogot
de packing-houses, reconociendo a las empresas que establezcan en el pas carniceras para la exportacin de carnes, y por el trmino de 4 aos, un inters del 4% sobre el capital que se invierta en las instalaciones. La direccin de la Escuela de Agricultura de Bogot ha sido confiada al seor Charles Deneumostier, agrnomo belga, de la Escuela Agrcola de Gemblouy, muy reco80
transportation facilities. As an encouragement to this industry, Law 21 of 1916 was enacted to promote the establishment of packing-houses, granting 4 per cent interest on the capital invested to the enterprises that should found in the countiy establishments for the exportation of meat, during a period of four years.
The directorship of the School of Agrieulture of Bogot has been given to Mr. Charles Deneumostier, a Belgian agronomist of the Agricultural School of Gemblouy, who attained a higli reputation by organizing agi'onomical studies in Per, where he assisted in the foundation of the Institute of Agrieulture and Veterinary Science of Lima.
pp^^ EiUTia
!-'-
:';,p-
Ej^TFjCGH
'
FEPc-jDr-:!!:;/;]
iTf^di=il
JAC.
"'-T
;C^'
"
ft^
ii^^
**""'""'-
*'S|^^ffir-rf
'"'
ft. 1
Tropical
Agronouiit
ttuliuii
The organization and direction of the School of TropiAgrieulture has been entrusted to the prominent English agronomist Mr. Morlet Thomas Dawe, espeeially recommended by the directors of Kew, and thoroughly facal
miliar with tropical agrieulture, having for a long time been in English frica, where he was chief of the Department of Agrieulture and Mechanics at Debbe, Uganda. In each of the schools above mentioned, the national government will award twenty scholarships eveiy year for the various courses. As the agricultural courses in Bogot cover four years, the number of students kept by the national Treasury permanently will be 80. In the School of Tropical Agrieulture, the number wiU be 70, because its courses cover but three years. According to the provisions of Law 38 of 1914, and Law 74 of 1915, the scholarships are awarded every year, foiirteen by the governments of the departments, and six by the Ministry of Agrieulture. In order to obtain them, eandidates must have made special studies of matliematics and meet the requirements stipu-. lated in the executive decree regarding the matter. Besides the School of Agrieulture, the government, in eompliance with Law 13 of 1915, founded on March 15, 1916, in the city of Bucaramanga, the School of Sericulture, utilizing for that purpose several mulberry fields existing iu that regin, as well as the experiments that liad been there made, although on a small scale, about the breeding of the silk-worm and the elaboration of its product. It is intended to establish in Bogot, in 1917, a Central Bacteriological Institute, in eompliance with Laws 72 of 1914, and 75 of 1915, in order moi'e directly to provide for the protection of the agricultural and cattle industries. The greatest obstacles that Colombia has to overeme in the development of its agrieulture are due to the topography of the country, where the Andes, after forming the most intrieate mountain kuot in America, divide into three branches, which form high plateaus, declivities of all kinds and deep valleys. Here, as a compensation for the difficulties offered by the ground, are found the products of all zones, from the hottest to the eoldest. It is thus seen that the vital problem for Colombia is to open and constantly improve its ways of transportation, so as to faciltate the distribution of its products. The mountain system of Colombia determines in a natural way the routes to be chosen for roads and other ways of transportation, all of which must follow the eourse of the navigable rivers, which are numerous in the country
Molino del Carmen El Carmen Mili Departamento del Cauca Cauca Department
el mar, marcados por el curso de los ros navegables, en que abunda el pas, y que forman una de las redes hidrogrficas ms variadas de la Amrica. As, las faldas de la Cordillera Occidental, que miran al ocano Pacfico, dirigen hacia l las aguas de los ros navegables Pata y San Juan. Dentro de las bifurcaciones de las Cordilleras Cen-
hacia
81
in
Caquet y el Putumayo, que nacen en el gran nudo de los Andes, en direccin al sur, y el Arauca, el Meta, el Vichada y el Guaviare, que recorren la regin oriental de Colombia. El ro Magdalena, al recorrer el centro del pas, en donde se hallan los ncleos ms densos de poblacin, constituye la arteria principal de la circulaciu econmica de Colombia. A sus orillas confluyen el ferrocarril de Girardot, que sirve de salida a los artculos del Departamento de Cundinamarca; el del Tolima, destinado a enlazar con el que sale de Buenaventura, sobre el litoral Pacfico el de la Dorada, que recibe los productos de los departamentos de arriba del ro Magdalena y gran parte de los del Departamento de Caldas el de Puerto Berro, que comunica al Departamento de Antioquia con el ro y est destinado a enlazar con el de Amaga, en el corazn del mismo departamento, y con otros centros importantes el de Puerto Wilches, que es la entrada a los departamentos del norte de Boyea y de Santander el de Plato, para comunicar a Santa Marta directamente con el interior; el de Calamar, que facilita la comunicacin de Cartagena con los departamentos del centro, y el de Barranquilla, que comunica esa poblacin con el mar. En consideracin a lo expuesto, y n\ientras fu de su incumbencia el ramo de la canalizacin fluvial, el Ministerio de Agricultura y Comercio dedic especialsima atencin a la limpieza del ro Magdalena y al problema de su canalizacin, de modo de hacerlo permanentemente navegable, tanto en las pocas de invierno, en que las fuertes avenidas producen desbordamientos y cambios en el cauce, como en la del verano, en que la escasez de aguas hace en extremo difcil el trfico en embarcaciones de calado regular. Al efecto se continuaron las obras de dragaje, se iniciaron las de puerto en Girardot y se adelantaron gestiones dentro y fuera del pas para contratar, de conformidad con lo ordenado en la Ley 71 de 1914, los servicios de ingenieros hidrulicos extranjeros que estudien las condiciones del ro y presenten los planos y presupuestos para la ejecucin de los trabajos que recjuiera un trfico constante en esa
;
; ;
;
va.
Complemento de tal obra es la canalizacin de las Bocas de Ceniza, o sea de la desembocadui-a del ro Magdalena en el Atlntico, que ha de facilitar el acceso de buques martimos de gran calado a la ciudad de Barranquilla y aun ms arriba del ro. Presentados en enero de 1916 los planos, estudios y presupuestos pai'a dicha obra, en cumplimiento de la Ley 73 de 1913 y del contrato celebrado en mayo de 1914 con la casa Julius Berger Aktiengesellschaft, de Berln, se adelant, casi hasta su terminacin, por el General Benjamn Herrera, Ministro de Agricultura y Comercio, cuando se recibieron dichos planos, etc., la celebracin del contrato para la ejecucin de los trabajos indicados, los cuales son hoy de la incumbencia del Ministerio de Obras
Pblicas. Una vez resuelto el problema de las vas de comunicacin, que es el del acercamiento entre s de los diversos ncleos habitados del pas y de ste con el exterior, vendrn, como consecuencia inmediata, el incremento de la agricultura, estacionaria actualmente a causa de la dificultad de sacar los productos de iino a otro mercado, y el aprovechamiento de tierras que se hallan hoy incultas por los obstculos y el ningn o poco beneficio que presenta su explotacin. Ms de 100,000,000 de hectreas de tierras baldas, o sean del estado, y cuya propiedad pueden adquirir los particulares, como cultivadores o como adjudicatarios, segn que las obtengan por posesin y cultivo, o a cambio de bonos
Thus, the slopes of the Eastern Cordillera that overlook the Pacific ocean send to it the navigable rivers Pata and San Juan. Between the inside branches of the Central and Eastern Cordilleras, the Magdalena river with its innumerable tributarles forms the main hydrographic system of these tributarles, the Cauca, Nech, Lebrija, Sogamoso and San Jorge deserve special mention. The voluminous Atrato river, which, like the Sin, empties into the Gulf of Darin, flows in the same direction as the Magdalena, that is, from south to north. The following rivers, which with their tributarles form a large network of navigable waters, flow towards the basins of the Amazon and Orinoco the Caquet and Putumayo, which rise at the trifurcation of the Andes, and flow south and the Arauca, Meta, Vichada and Guaviare, which water the eastern regin of Colombia. The Magdalena river, which flows throughout the central part of the republic, where the densest centers of population are found, forms the principal artery of the economic circulation of the republic. It is the terminal of the following railroads the Girardot railroad, through which the articles of the Depai'tment of Cundinamarca are exported; the Tolima railroad, which is to eonnect with the Buenaventura railroad, coming from the Pacific; the La Dorada railroad, which receives the products of the departments located on the upper part of the Magdalena, and a great many of those coming from the Department of Caldas; the Puerto Berro railroad, which communicates the river with the Department of Antioquia, and is to eonnect with the Amag' railroad, in the center of the same department, and with other importaait centers; the Puerto Wilches railroad, which is the entrance to the Departments of Boyac and Santander; the Plato railroad, which will eonnect Santa Marta directly with the interior the Calamar railroad, which facilitates the communieation between Cartagena and the central departments; and the Barranquilla railroad, between Barranquilla and the sea. Taking the preceding facts into consideration, the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, while it was still in charge of fluvial caiialization, gave particular attention to the dredging and canalizing of the Magdalena river, so as to make it permanently navigable, both during the rainy season, when heavy freshets produce overflowing and changes in the channel, and during the dry season, when the scarcity of water makes navigation very difficult for To that effect, the dredging work was conlarge boats. tinued, the improvements at the port of Girardot were initiated, and measures were taken both at home and abroad, in accordance with the provisions of Law 71 of 1914, to engage the services of foreign hydraulic engineers to investgate the eonditions of the river and submit plans and estimates for the perforaiance of the work necessary to make traffic permanent. The canalization of Bocas de Ceniza, as the mouth of the Magdalena river is called a work that will facilitate the arrival of large ocean steamers at Barranquilla and even farther up is part of the work just described. The plans and estimates for the work having been submitted in January, 1916, in accordance with Law 73 of 1913, and a contract signed in May, 1914, with the firm of Julius Berger Aktiengesellschaft, of Berln, General Benjamn Herrera, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, eonducted negotiations, almost to their completion, with that firm for the
; :
performance of the work indicated, which now comes within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Works. Once the problem of transportation and communieation has been solved, the development of agriculture will follow as an immediate eonsequence. This industry is at present stationary on account of the difficulty of moving its products from one market to another. Another problem would be that of utilizing the many lands that are today un82
which
may
y de industrias en que
se las puede aprovechar. en los departamentos ms poblados de la repblica existen todava grandes extensiones de tierras baldas. Este ramo se halla reglamentado por el Cdigo Fiscal de la repblica, al cual pertenecen las siguientes disposiciones:
Aun
"Art. 44. Son baldos, y en tal conoepto pertenecen al estado, los terrenos situados dentro de los lmites del territorio nacional que carecen de otro dueo, y los que habiendo sido adjudicados con ese carcter, deban volver al dominio del estado, de acuerdo con lo dispuesto en el artculo 56. Art. 45. Se reputan baldos, y, por consiguiente, de propiedad nacional a) Las costas desiertas del territorio de la repblica no pertenecientes a particulares por ttulos originarios o traslaticios de dominio. b) Las islas de uno y otro mar pertenecientes al estado que no estn ocupadas por poblaciones organizadas, o apropiadas por particulares, en virtud de ttulo traslaticio de dominio. c) Las islas de los ros o lagos navegables por buques de ms de cincuenta toneladas; y d) Las mrgenes de los ros navegables, salvo el derecho que tengan los particulares por ttulo traslaticio de dominio. "Art. 46. Los terrenos baldos son aplicables: "a) Al pago de la deuda pblica. concesiones a cultivadores. "b) " c) Al fomento de obras pblicas. la amortizacin de ttulos de concesin de baldos, expedidos "d) vlidamente con anterioridad a la vigencia de este Cdigo. "e) Al servicio pblico nacional departamental o municipal; y "f) objetos especiales que determine la ley." ') "Art. 48. No se puede hacer adjudicacin alguna de baldos ubicados en un departamento o intendencia, a una misma persona, natural o jurdica, por una extensin mayor de dos mil quinientas hectreas. "Art. 49. No pueden adjudicarse aquellas porciones de baldos que sean necesarias para un uso pblico. "Art. 55. No puede hacerse adjudicacin alguna de baldos sin que se haya agregado al expediente un plano del terreno, acompaado de una exposicin del agrimensor, en que se describan las condiciones del terreno, esto es, su clase, su temperatura, su altura sobre el nivel del mar, las aguas que lo baan, los cultivos que se hallen dentro de i, sus productos naturales, etc." Art. 56. En toda adjudicacin de baldos se entiende establecida la condicin resolutoria del dominio del adjudicatario en el caso de que, dentro del trmino de diez aos, contados desde la fecha de la adjudicacin, no hubiere cultivado la tercera parte del terreno, u ocupado con ganados dos terceras partes. Art. 66. La persona establecida en terrenos baldos con casa de habitacin y cultivos, tales como siembras de cacao, caf, caa de azcar y dems plantaciones permancrntes, o empresas de sementeras de trigo, maz, arroz, etc., tiene derecho a que se le adjudique gratuitamente lo cultivado y una parte del terreno adyacente, en una extensin que comprenda lo ocupado y tres tantos ms. Art. 67. Si la ocupacin del baldo no se hace con cultivos de las clases indicadas, sino con ganados, el ocupante tiene los referidos derechos, con estas limitaciones: a) La adquisicin gratuita del. terreno adyacente no tiene cabida sino cuando la parte ocupada est cubierta de pastos artificiales, o cuando lo est por naturales obtenidos con obras importantes, como desmontes, canales, diques, etc. " b) Si el ocupante tiene encerrado el terreno con cercas firmes y permanentes, capaces de impedir el paso de ganados, tiene derecho a la adjudicacin gratuita de lo encerrado, siempre que no pase de dos mil quinientas hectreas. c) Los dueos de ganados, que no hayan tenido que hacer ninguna de las obras indicadas, slo tienen derecho al uso de los baldos que ocupen con ellos, en cuanto dicho uso no perjudique al servicio y al uso pblico, o a cultivadores o colonos de las otras clases mencionadas en este captulo, o a las personas de que tratan los artculos 84 a 86. "Art. 88. La persona que quiera obtener una adjudicacin de determinada parte de baldos, a cambio de ttulos de concesin, debe dirigir una solicitud al gobernador o intendente respectivo, a la cual ha de acompaar ttulos por el nmero de hectreas cuya adjudicacin pida; solicitud en la cual ha de expresarse: a) El nombre con el cual se conoce el terreno, o si no lo tiene. b) Los datos, por lo menos aproximados, de su situacin, colindantes y linderos, y de si hay o no dentro de stos porciones ocupadas
'
' '
be acquired by prvate individuis as either planters or grantees, aecording as they are obtained by possession and cultivation or in exchange for bonds or special concessious by law, are ofered as attractive inducements to capital and enterprise of all kinds. Besides the immense variety of natural produets, such as building timber, dyewoods, resins, orchids, etc., vi'hich grow wild, the fertility of the soil and the great number of industries by which it may be utilized are very promising inducements. Even in the most thickly inhabited departments of the republie, there still exist vast tracts of public lands. This matter is reg-ulated by the Fiscal Code of the republie, which contains the following provisions:
' Art. 44. All lands situated within the boundaries of the national territory and having no other owner, and those which, having been granted, aie to revert to the state in accordance with the provisions of Article 56, are public lands, and therefore the property of the
'
state.
' '
'
Art. 45. The following lands are hereby declared public lands, and theiefori national property: " (a) The desert coasts of the territory of the republie not belongng to prvate persons aecording to original or transfer titles of
dominin.
'
'
'
" (b) The islands in both seas belonging to the state and not oeeupied by organized settlements, or belonging to prvate individuis by virtue of titles of transference of dominin. " (c) The islands in the rivers and lakes navigable by bats of over fifty tons; and " (d) The banks of navigable rivers, excepting where privately owned by virtue of transfer titles of dominin. "Art. 46. The public lands may be used: " (a) For the payment of the public debt. " (b) Por concessius granted to cultivators. " (e) For the promotion of public works. " (d) For the amortization of public-land titles legally granted prior to the issuance of this Code. " (e) For national, departmental or municipal public serviee; and " (f) For such special purposes as may be determined by law." Art. 48. No grant whatsoever shall be made of public lands of an rea of more than two thousand five hundred hektares situated in one department or territory, to the same person, natural or artificial. ' "Art. 49. No public lands shall be granted that may be necessary
'
'
'
'
"Art. 55. No public lands shall be granted unless the deed be accompanied with a map of the land, together with a statement by a
surveyor describing tlie conditions of the land, that is to say, its character, temperature, elevation- above sea-level, streams watering it, the cultivation it contains, its natural produets, etc. ' ' 56. In every grant of public lands it is considered a resolu' Art. tory eondition that the grantee, within a period of ten years after the date of the grant, should not have cultivated one-third of the land, or oeeupied two-thirds of it with live-stoek. ' ' 66. Any person established on public lands with a dwelling ' Art. house and cultivated fields, such as cacao, coffee, sugar and other permanent plantations, or wheat, corn, rice, or other similar fields, has a right to receive gratis the cultivated part and part of the adjacent land, to the extent of an rea equal to that oeeupied, and an additional rea of three times as mueh." "Art. 67. If the land is not oeeupied by cultivation in the manner above stated, but with cattle, the occupant has the foregoing rights, with the following limitations: "(a) The acquisition gratis of the adjacent land may not be obtained unless the part oeeupied be planted with artificial grasses, or covered with natural grasses for the growth of which work of some magnitude, such as clearing, the construction of cais or embankments, etc., has been necessary. " (b) If the occupant has fenced in the land with substantial and permanent fences, capable of preventing cattle from going through, he is entitled to a free grant of the land thus enclosed, provided the rea of the said land does not exeeed two thousand five hundred hek-
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
tares.
live-stock who have not been able to perform kinds indicated are entitled to only the use of the public lands oeeupied by their live-stock, insofar as said use is not damaging to the public use and serviee or to cultivators or settlers of the other classes nientioned in this ehapter, or to the persons to which Articles 84 to 86 refer." Any persons wishing to acquire a grant of a determnate Art. 88. part of the public lands, in exchange for eoncessionary titles, must address an application to the respective governor or chief oflicial (intendente), and said application must be accompanied with titles for the number of hektares applied for; further, said application
(c)
"
The owners of
tlie
any work of
'
'
must
state:
83
que habla el ltimo artculo comercio y tienen actualmente un precio aproximado de quince centavos ($0.15) por hectrea. A pesar de que la inmigracin de capitales y brazos extranjeros ha sido en Colombia casi insignificante, seguramente por el poco conocimiento que de sus potencialidades se tiene en el exterior, es muy notable el incremento que el pas ha tomado en estos ltimos quince aos, al amparo de una paz cuya raigambre ha profundizado en el alma colombiana, hasta constituir una de sus principales caractersticas. A la consolidacin de ese sentimiento general de paz en Colombia han contribuido poderosamente estas circunstancias: !.=> la factibilidad de reformas en la Constitucin nacional, lo que ha dado por resultado el que todos los partidos y fracciones polticos la hayan aceptado como un campo comn, en que el esfuerzo y la inteligencia les permite el logro de sus respectivas aspiraciones 2a el principio de la representacin de las minoras en todos los ramos del poder pblico, que facilita a los partidos el desarrollo de sus energas y potencialidades; y '3.->- la experiencia dolorosa que cre la nacin con el mutilamiento de su territorio en noviembre de 1903, por causas y circunstancias bien conocidas y que, como saludable reacciu, han reavivado un sano espritu pblico e intensificado el anhelo de formar una patria grande y respetada. Cada da se marca en Colombia por el descuajamiento de selvas vrgenes, por exploraciones arriesgadas, por la fundacin de nuevos centros instruccionistas y de fomento, por la implantacin de cultivos antes desconocidos y de fbricas e industrias nuevas, por la prolongacin de trayectos de feTocarriles y lneas telegrficas y telefnicas y por un sinnmero de demostraciones del esfuerzo particular y colectivo en todo campo en pro del engrandecimiento na-
Los
ttulos de concesin de
el
transcrito circulan en
(a) The ame by which the land is known, or the fact that it has no ame. (b) Data, at least approximate, as to its position, its boundary lines and lands by which it is bounded, and whether or not there are within said boundary lines parts occupied by cultivators, settlers or such persons as those to which Articles 84 to 86 refer. (c) The circumstance of its not being devoted to any public use, or being within the extensin corresponding to alluvial mines being worked. The application must be accompanied with a brief statement by three witnesses, made with the authorization of the Public Ministry, and corroborating the f acts enumerated in the application.
' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
'
The concessionary titles to which the last article refers are in circulation in the markets, and at present have an approximate valu of 15 cents per hektare. Notwithstandiug that the introduction of foreign capital and workers iuto the country has been almost insigniflcant, no doubt on account of the scant knowledge that other countries have of Colombian possibilities, the countrj' has made veiy rapid progress during the last fifteen years, which has been a period of peace and has developed in the people of the republic a love of peace that has become one of their principal characteristics. The grovrth of this seutimenc has been very much enhanced by the following circumstances (1) The practicabilit}' of constitutional reforms, the result of which has been tliat all parties and political factions feel that they can exercise their efi:orts and intelligence for the furtherance of their respective aspirations; (2) The principie of representation of minorities in all the branches of the public administration, which affords to the dift'erent parties the development of their energies
and
potentialities
The painful experienee of the nation, when its terwas dismembered in November, 1903, through well known causes and circumstances a calamity which brought as a redeeraing reaction the rekindling of public spirit and of the aspiration to form a great fatherland, worthy of the
(3) ritory
;
cional.
Las cifras que aparecen a continuacin indican el movimiento del comercio exterior de Colombia en los ltimos
diez aos:
Import.\ciones
Kilos
respect of other nations. The rapid progress of the republic is evideneed by the eonstant clearing of virgin forests, by daring explorations, by the foundation of new centers of instruction and promotion, by the introduction of producs before unknown and of new industries and factories, by the extensin of railroad, telegraph and telephone lines, and by nuraberless other manifestations of personal and colleetive energy directed towards natioual prosperity. Below are given figures showing the export and import commei'ce of Colombia during the last ten years.
Exportaciones
Kilos
Import
Kilos
Export
Kilos
68,147,877 73,963,958 82,808,313 67,719,974 99,721,516.712 116,087,811.048 135,819,361.775 158,774,092.945 127,752,061.897 104,983,208.671
Valor en dlares 10,608,394.24 12,088,563.32 13,512,891.65 11,117,927.90 17,385,039.67 18,108,863.36 23,964,623.00 28,535,779.85 20,979,228.93 17,840,350.50
116,908,217 131,053,384 120,132,796 152,286,044 174,930,919.151 190,458,876.372 189,603,930.000 238,171,206.991 221,098,317.362 185,032,803.796
Valor en dolare 14,613,918.92 14,329,625.86 14,998,736.47 16,040,198.79 17,786,806.19 22,375,899.56 32,221,746.16 34,315,251.83 32,632,884.48 31,579,131.19
Valu, DoUars
Valu, Dollars
1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913 1914. 1915.
68,147,877
73,963,9.58
10,608,394.24
12,088,.563.32
116,908,217 131,053,796.138 120,132,384 152,286,044 174,930,919.151 190,458,876.372 189,603,930 238,171,206.991 221,098,317.362 185,032,803.796
14,613,918.92
14,,329,625.86
31,579,131.19
El elemento extranjero, altamente apreciado en Colomgoza de los mismos derechos y garantas que los nacionales colombianos. Las corporaciones y sociedades extranjeras que tengan negocios permanentes en el pas estn en la obligacin de constituir y mantener en el lugar de Colombia en que hayan establecido su oficina principal, un agente o apoderado que tenga su representacin ante las autoridades nacionales en las controversias que afecten sus intereses. (Ley 40 de 1907.) El ejercicio del comercio es libre y se halla reglamentado por el cdigo nacional respectivo. Asimismo se halla garantizado por leyes especiales (las 110 de 1914, y 35 de 1869) el derecho de propiedad industrial.
bia,
in Colombia, Foreign natives. corporations and partnerships liaviug permauent busiuesses in the country are obliged to establish and keep in the Colombian locality where their headquarters are situated, an agent or attorney having the power to represent them before the natioual authorities in all controver-
Foreigners,
who
are verj'
much esteemed
riglits
and guarantees as
(Law 40, 1907.) regailated by a speei^l code. Likewise, proprietarv industrial rights are guaranteed by special laws (Laws 110 of 1914, and 35 of 1869). The following provisions are contained in Law 110 of
sies aft'ectiug their interests.
Commeree
is
free,
and
is
1914, relating- to the recordiug of trade-marks: Every person, natural or artificial, native or foreign,
84
A la Ley 110 de 1914 sobre registro de marcas de fbrica pertenecen las siguientes disposiciones: Toda persona, natural o jurdica, de nacionalidad colombiana o extranjera, tiene derecho a distinguir sus artculos fabriles de comercio o agrcolas por medio de marcas y a (Art. 1, Ley registrar stas conforme a la presente ley.
110 de 1914.)
has a right to distinguish his manufactured, commereial or agricultural articles by means of special marks, and to have these marks registered in accordance with the (Art. 1 of Law 110 of 1914.) present law.
Las marcas son nacionales o extranjeras: son nacionales que se depositan o registran por primera vez en ColomSon extranjeras las que habiendo sido registradas bia.
las
Trade-marks are national or foreign. Such as are first Such deposited or registered in Colombia are national. as, having been previously registered in other countries, are afterward registered in Colombia, are foreign. Foreign marks will have, after registration, the same rights as national marks, provided that in the country
anterioi-mente en otro pas, se registran luego en Colombia. Las mareas extranjeras gozarn, mediante el registro, de los mismos derechos que las nacionales, si en el pas donde
ha producido o elaborado el artculo, las marcas colombianas gozan del mismo favor, salvo lo estipulado en tratados (Art. 2 de la misma ley.) pblicos. Cuando una marca de fbrica no se deposite y registre, no preconstituye derecho ninguno del dueo contra terce(Art. 10 de la misma ley.) ros. Toda persona, natural o jurdica, de nacionalidad colombiana o extranjera, propietaria de una marca puede adquirir derecho exclusivo de usarla en todo el territorio de la repblica, mediante la formalidad o registro de inscripcin en el Ministerio respectivo, para lo cual el interesado se dirigir al Ministerio por s mismo o por medio de mandatario, en solicitud del registro. La solicitud se har en papel sellado, y se expresar en ella el nombre y domicilio del dueo de la marca el nombre y domicilio del mandase
;
where the article has been produced or improved, Colombian marks have the same privilege, excepting provisions made in public treaties. (Art. 2 of the same law.) When a trade-mark is not deposited and registered, it does not protect its owner against claims of third parties. (Art. 10 of the same law.) Eveiy person, natural or artificial, of Colorabian or foreign nationality, owning a trade-mark may aequire the exclusive right to use it throughout the territory of the republic, by complying with the formality of having it registered at the respective Ministry, for which pui-pose the applicant shall apply to the Ministry either personally or
through an attomey, to solicit the registration. The application shall be made on stamped paper, and eontain the ame and residenee of the owner of the mark, the ame and residenee of the attomey, when the application is made through an attorney; a detailed description of the mark in the Spanish language, indicating with entire clearness the essential part of the mark, or its principal distinguishing characteristic the manufactured producs or objects for which the mark is intended the nationality of the mark, in case it has already been registered or deposited in another country, and the counti-y or city or place whence come the articles or products for which the mark is to be used or is at present used. (Article 11 of the
; ;
tario,
cuando
la peticin se
determinando con toda claridad la parte esencial de la marca o su principal signo distintivo; las manufacturas, productos u objetos a que se destina la marca; la nacionalidad de la marca, en el caso de que haya sido ya registrada o depositada en otro pas, y el pas o la ciudad o lugar de donde sean los artculos o productos en que se va a usar o se est usando la marca. (Art. 11 de la misma
ley.)
El registro de una marca slo tiene valor por veinte aos, terminados los cuales caducar si oportunamente no se pidiere renovacin. Cada renovacin durar veinte aos. Todo registro puede reiio var.se antes de que caduque y siempre que se hayan pagado los derechos prescritos en esta ley para la renovacin. (Art. 20 de la misma ley.) Los efectos de registro se retrotraen a la fecha en que fu solicitado. (Art. 21 de la misma ley.) La confesin de registros de marcas causar, a favor del Tesoro Pblico, un derecho de quince pesos oro por cada marca, derecho que el interesado consignar previamente en la Tesorera General de la Repblica, al hacer la solicitud del registro. (Art. 26 de la misma ley.) La misma ley seala las sanciones que se impondrn a los falsificadores, imitadores o a los que por cualquier combinacin de colores u otras circunstancias puedan inducir al pblico a error con respecto a los artculos de marcas registradas.
same law.) The registration of a mark is valid for only twenty years, at the end of which it lapses, unless renewal is applied for. Bach renewal shall be valid for twenty years. Every registration may be renewed before the eorresponding time expires, provided the fees fixed by this law for (Article 20 of the same the renewal shall have been paid.
law.)
The rights and obligations accruing from registration shall be eonsidered to have become efective on the date of (Article 21 of the same law.) the application. The national Treasury is entitled to fifteen dollars for
must deposit
the registration of each mark, a fee that the applicant in the national Treasury when filing his ap(Article 26 of the same law.) plication.
counterfeiters, imitators,
nation of colors or other circumstances may lead the public into error with respect to the articles covered by registered
marks.
es el peso de oro, dividido
El taln monetario en Colombia en cien centavos, con un gramo miligramos de peso y novecientos 59 de 1905.) Como el peso y la de oro legal colombiano son los ingls, ste circula en el pas al
cional.
seiscientos setenta
igual que la
moneda na-
The monetary standard of Colombia is the gold peso, It weighs 1.672 millidivided into one hundred cents. nine hundred thousandths. grams, and has a fineness of and tolerance of the weight As the 1905.) (Law 59 of are the same as those of Colombia of currency gold legal English gold pieces, the latter circuate in the country at
par with national currency.
85
polica nacional
National Plice Forc
La
ley divide la Polica Nacional en tres importantes
les
ramas y
vicios
Vigilancia .v Seguridad, encargada de prestar los serque su mismo nombre indica. Guardia Civil de Gendarmera, destinada a la custodia de correos, guardia de colonias penales, conduccin de reos, etc., etc. y Polica Nacional, que tiene por objeto la investigacin de los delitos.
;
The laws of Colombia divide the National Plice Forc into three important sections, and define their functions as follows Vigilance and Safety, whose duties are those indicated
by
its
ame.
Gendarmerie Civil Guard, for the convoying of mails, the guarding of penal settlements, the conducting of
criminis, etc. National Plice, for the investigation and detection of crirae.
tion, the plice forc
De acuerdo con
reorganiz
siguiente
esta
nomenclatura
se
el Cuerpo de Polica de la manera La de Vigilmicw. y Scgiird(ul. En una Divisin Central para servicios especiales, como guardias de prevencin en el local donde estn situadas
todas las oficinas de la Direccin de la Polica y las de la Polica Judicial, servicios de las plazas de mercado, oficinas pblicas nacionales, departamentales y municipales, teatros y cinematgrafos, y por ltimo, servicios particulares, como especialidades para matrimonios, etc., etc. En siete Divisiones para la vigilancia y seguridad de la ciudad. En una para servicios extraordinarios de comisiones, custodia de
presos,
In accordance with this classificawas reorganized and subdivided as follows: The Vigilance and Safety section consists of one central divisin for special services, such as guard duty in the premises occupied by all the offices of the Plice Headquarters and those
of
the
Judicial
Plice,
policing
the
market place, and the national departmeutal and municipal public offices, as well as theatres and moving-picture establishments, besides doing plice duty in prvate functions and ceremonies,
such as marriages, etc. seven divisions to watch over and insure the safety of the city; one divisin for extraordinary commission service, guarding of criminis and jails, protecting railroad
;
;
estaciones
de
:
ferrocarriles
de las crceles de Correccionales y de Paiba y stations, etc. and two divisions for General Salomn Correal En dos para atender a los servicios such as keeping out-of-town duties, Director de )a Polica Nacional fuera de la capital, tales como cordones sanita.ry eordons at the Agua de Dios, Director of National Plice sanitarios de los lazaretos de Agua de Cao de Loro and Contratacin lazaDios, Cao de Loro y Contratacin, persecucin de crimiretos, pursuit of criminis into the Department of Tolima, nales en el Departamento del Tolima, vigilancia y seguridad vigilance and safety of the Colombian islands of San Ande las islas colombianas de San Andrs y Pi'ovidencia, drs and Providencia, guarding the Muzo emerald mines
guardias
"O, i*.
"i.
*
t>i
t,>
%*^
'
'.
V*
^t-mm\.-^K^.
Polica Nacional
National
Plice
Cundinamarea,
los
Muzo y de las como una seccin destinada resguardos de las aduanas de la costa
as
En una
Seccin
and the Cundinamarea salt mines, and assisting the forc guarding the custom-houses on the Atlantic coast. The Gendarmerie Civil Guard consists of one central section and thirteen subordnate sections. The Judicial Plice Forc is subdivided into five sections,
thus:
Section
I,
plice
prefecture;
Section
II,
86
En cinco Secciones, as Polica Judicml. Seccin l^-, Prefectura de Polica Seccin 2a, InvestigaSeccin S^, Inspeccin de Permanencia cin Criminal Seccin 4a, Capturas, Citaciones y Seccin 5a, Servicio Antropomtrico y Fotogrfico. La ciudad de Bogot tiene trescientas cincuenta y cinco manzanas, que exigen doscientos noventa y cuatro puestos de vigilancia, para los cuales se necesitan ochocientos ochenta y dos agentes.
La de
;
criminal
investigation
Section
III,
inspection
Section
IV, arrests and summonses; Section V, anthropometric and photographic service. The city of Bogot has 355 blocks, needing 294 vigilance districts or posts, for which 882 policemen are required. Of late, penal settlements have been created on adequate
lands,
to
do
Cuerpo de policas
ciclistas
Bieycle
Plice Forc
ltimamente se han creado colonias penales en terrenos apropiados, para recluir all, a fin de que se dediquen al trabajo de la agricultura, a gran nmero de vag'os y rateros. Existen tambin asilos .y casas de correccin para menores, dotados de talleres en donde aprenden algn oficio y se
educan moralmente. En favor de las familias de los empleados y agentes que mueren en servicio, se ha fundado un Auxilio Mutuo; y para gratificar a los empleados y agentes que cumplan determinado tiempo de servicio, que ejecuten accin distinguida de valor en desempeo de sus funciones, que recibieren heridas o contrajeren enfei-medad grave e incurable en el servicio, que capturaren un reo prfugo de establecimiento de castigo, y que descubrieren delitos graves y ocultos.
There are also asylums and houses of they have workshops where the inmates learn some trade, besides receiving moral instruction. For the benefit of the families of policemen and other
agricultural work.
correction for minors
;
in the service, a Mutual Aid organizaThis organiza{Auxilio Mutuo) has been founded. tion serves also to assist policemen and other employees who serve for a definite period, who display bravery in the performance of duty, are wounded or contract incur-
employees dyiug
tion
able diseases while in the service, capture escaped criminis, or detect serious
of
Oficiales
de la Polica Nacional
National
Plice Officers
Island
Policemen
El gobierno nacional contrat una misin especial espaola de guardia civil, la cual da instrucciones tcnicas a los comisarios, vigilantes y agentes de la Polica Nacional, de acuerdo con la. organizacin establecida en Espaa para tales servicios. Tal misin no slo lograr la instruccin civil de la polica, sino que prestar grandes servicios en lo relacionado con la instruccin en el ramo criminal.
87
to the difEerent
Such
instruc-
tors will not only give civil instruction to the plice, but
in
connection
with
AMAZONIA COLOA/IBIANA
El valle amaznico o Amazonia colombiana es toda la regin baada por el ro Amazonas y sus numerosos afluentes, en extensin de unos 400,000 kilmetros cuadrados de superficie. Toda esta extensin es de terrenos baldos, propios para la colonizacin, y est cruzada por los ros Amazonas y sus afluentes apo, Putumayo, Caquet, Negro y gran nmero de subafluentes y caos navegables en
grandes trayectos. La Amazonia colombiana es un emporio de riqueza mineral, animal y vegetal. Hay en su flora una gran variedad de plantas que producen esencias oleosas. El reino mineral, poco explorado hasta hoy, que forman las vaguadas del apo, del Putumayo y del Caquet, es abundante en platino, oro, plata, cobre y hierro, pero las selvas seculares por donde corren esos ros las han mantenido desconocidas.
Una
Amrica
tropical.
MARTA
Such is the future^of the Cauca regin, as well as of all the other regions of Colombia, which, being united by the steel bonds of railways, will form the most prosperous nation in tropical America.
Despus del Nevado del Tolima, el grupo ms elevado de montaas colombianas es este gran macizo atlntico aislado de la ramificacin andina, entre el Atlntico y los ros Magdalena, Cesar y Ranchera, cu.ya rea est calcu-
lada en 16,400 kilmetros cuadrados. La altura desde el mar de las Antillas a la cima del ventisquero es de 17,464 pies desde esta altura se divisa un grandioso panorama la pennsula de la Goajira, el gran lago de Maracaibo, la cordillera de los Andes, la ciudad de Barranquilla y el mar Caribe. En la nieve de la altura, sobre las rocas batidas por el huracn, existen centenares de cndores
;
A\in cuando la Sierra est situada entre los trpicos, posee no obstante un clima variadsimo, debido a las diExperimntanse en ella ferentes alturas de la cordillera. todos los climas de las diversas zonas, desde el calor ardiente hasta el fro ms excesivo. En las llanuras y valles que rodean la Nevada se producen bien el algodn, el cacao, el tabaco, la caa de azcar, En las zonas intermedias la yuca, el banano y el pltano. se da el caf, y ya hay grandes plantaciones a pocas horas de Santa Marta, en los valles del Manzanares, Toribio y Crdoba. El caf es de primera calidad. Las mesetas y valles elevados son propios para el cultivo del maz, papa, trigo, avena, centeno, arvejas, habas, garbanzos, y en geneLos bosques ral, todos los productos de la zona templada. de las tierras bajas estn, por decirlo as, colmados de plantas tintreas que la carencia de industrias fabriles mantiene sin ensayar, y por consiguiente sin aprecio. Prolijo sera enumerar la cantidad de animales monteses que pueblan los bosques. Entre las fieras mencionaremos el tigre y la onza, o len americano, de hermosas pieles. Los cuadrumanos, as como las aves de vistoso plumaje, abundan en los bosques de tierra caliente. Existen hulleras, minas de cobre, de oro, salinas, y se eucuentran en abundancia carey y perlas. Pocas regiones del mundo pueden presentar tantas indiscutibles ventajas para la inmigracin y colonizacin como el territorio colombiano de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. El eminente gegrago colombiano Felipe Prez, en su Geografa de Colombia, dice a este respecto lo siguiente: "La Sierra Nevada es, en nuestro concepto, no slo el mejor punto sino tambin el nico que por ahora y tnuchos aos despus puede adaptarse para un sistema de colonizacin en grande escala. Teniendo, como tiene, sus faldas entre las ondas del Atlntico, con todos los climas, no admite rival ni puede tenerlo en toda la vasta extensin de la ReEl transporte a ella ser fcil, la pblica de Colombia. seguridad salutfera del inmigrante completa, y sus esperanzas de riqueza fundadas, pues tendr a su vista el mercado opulento de las Antillas y de las costas de Venezuela, Santa Marta, Barranquilla, Cartagena y el Istmo."
capped heights, on the storm-beaten roeks, there live hundreds of condors, and down below, ant-bears, tapirs, and a great variety of boars. Although the Sierra is located in the tropics, it has a most varied climate, owing to the diferences in elevation. In it are observed all temperatures, from the hottest to the
coldest.
In the plains and valleys that surrouud the Sierra, cotton, cacao, tobceo, sugar-cane, yuca, bananas and plantains are produeed in abundance. In the intermedate regin, cofEee is grown, and already there are several large cofee plantations a few hours from Santa Marta in the Manzanares, Toribio and Crdoba valleys. The coffee is of excellent quality. The plateau and high valleys are well adapted to the growing of corn, potatoes, vrheat, rye, barlej^, peas, beans, and, in general, all the products of the temprate zone. The forests in the lowlands contain a great variety of dyewoods, which, however, cannot be utilized on account of the lack of textile works. It would require too much space to enumrate all the wild animis found in the woods of this regin. Among the ferocious animis, the tiger and the American lion, having beautiful furs, may be mentioned. Iji the hot climates there are large numbers of monkeys and of birds of beautiful plumage. There are coal, copper, gold and salt mines, and also an abundance of pearls and tortoise-shell turtles. There are few regions in the world offering so mauy indisputable advantages to immigration and colonization as the regin of the Sierra Navada of Santa Marta. The prominent Colombian geographer Felipe Prez, in his Geography of Colombia, says about this territory: "The Sierra Nevada is, in my opinin, not only the best spot, but the sol spot, that at present and for many years to come can be adapted to a system of colonization on a large scale. Having, as it has, slopes going as far as the Atlantic, with all climates, it can have no rival anywhere in Colombia. It is of easy aceess, healthful, and capable of fulfilling the financial aspirations of immigrants, siiice it is within reach of the large markets of the West Indies, as well as of the coasts of Venezuela, Santa Marta, Barranquilla, Cartagena, and the Isthmus of Panam."
La media luz vei'dosa del bosque se toma de repente en luz esplendorosa y brillante, con el mismo efecto que se
experimenta al salir de un socavn. La parte de pastos est guarnecida a uno y otro lado por una orla de bosque, por sobre el cual descuellan los penachos de las palmeras. La ilusin que producen estas lneas paralelas de follaje, es que ellas constituyen las mrgenes de un gran ro, cuyas aguas amarillentas tienen un rizo de ondulacin imitado por la paja movida por el viento. Una mata de arboleda situada en medio del can de aquel ro esttico, a modo de isla, completa la ilusin fluvial. La vista, encauzada por este can, busca el horizonte lejano y encuentra las perspectivas del ro que la imaginacin se ha forjado. Un aliento de lejana y de marina confusa invitan a la aventura, como cuando se contemplan los espacios en noche estrellada: se siente la provocacin de un vuelo, la seduccin de lo ignoto, el instinto errabundo de las migraciones.
The greenish dim light of the forest suddenly becomes a brilliant and wonderful illumination, and one feels as if coming out of a tunnel. The pasture land is fringed on all sides by a heavy border of foliage, above which are seen the tufts of the palm
These parallel lines of foliage crate the illusion that they form the banks of a great river, whose yellow waters have gentle undulations, represented by the dead grass waving in the wind. A grove rising in the raiddle of the stream of that river, like an island, completes the illusion. The eye, foUowing the stream, seeks the distant horizon, and finds the vista of the river which fancy has created. A vague sense of reraoteness and thoTight of the sea prompt one to adventure, as when one gazes into space on a starlight night. One longs for wings, and is drawn by the unknown, and impelled by a wandering instinct. Solitude and silence the strong breeze coming from the lowlands, like a messenger from an empty regin the melancholy speetacle of the two rows of trees that are lost to sight in the distance, awaken in the spectator an emotion as of leave-taking. The ship rocking in the bay, the shrill whistle of the locomotive, the harnessed camel on the edge of the desert everything that is preparing to go makes US think of a farewell, and arouses a vague feeling of sadness. The horizon of the plains is almost always bounded by
trees.
; ;
La soledad y el silencio, la fuerte brisa que viene de all abajo como mensajera de una regin vaca, las lontananzas melanclicas de dos lneas de rboles que se alejan y se pierden de vista, despiertan en el espectador algo como la emocin de una despedida. El buque balancendose en la
rada,
el pitazo de la locomotora, el camello enjaezado a las puertas del desierto, todo lo que promete irse prepara en
89
Hay en esto una vaga tristeza. El horizonte en el Llano casi siempre est limitado por una lnea azul de arboleda que se pierde entre la bruma; pero en raros casos, especialmente en Casanare, donde las sabanas son ms extensas que en San Martn, la limitacin del banco se retira de tal manera que se ve en el confn la comba marina. Sobre este disco redondo de la tierra es por Las donde conviene presenciar el nacimiento del sol. estrellas del hemisferio empiezan a ponerse mustias y se apagan una a una parece que la aurora, como una entidad mitolgica, tomara en sus labios la trompeta del bullicio para despertar al mundo y convidarlo al espectculo, y el mundo de la llanura, compuesto de aniraalejos de toda especie, como una muchedumbre impaciente, empieza a murmurar por el retardo los pjaros entonan una verdadera rechifla, las vacadas producen un murmullo como de duda, los sapos, las chicharras, los grillos y dems hijos menores de la selva, como chicos malcriados, hacen tambin en algaraba insoportable sus manifestaciones de mofa: tal parece que se tratara de un espectculo chistoso! Y el sol, a la postre, sale dando pequeos saltos, hecho una ascua pero inofensivo, enorme, lento, magnfico y soberbio como un rey, como una Providencia, a iluminar la pradera, como un dios ante quien las flores presentan sus corolas, las mieses ofrecen sus tributos, los elementos vibran a la vida y los hombres de la llainira se prosternan para adorarlo y
nuestra alma la actitud de un adis.
; :
a blue
Une of
than in San Martn, the horizon recedes so far that one can perceive in the distance the curvatura vs^hich is observed at sea. It is on this rounded disc that sunrise is most beautiful. The stars wax pal, and die one by one; it seems as if dawn, like a mythologieal being, sounded her trumpet to awaken the Vk'orld and invite it to this specThe population of the plains, composed of animis tacle. of all kinds, like an impatient multitude, begins to giiimthe birds raise up tlieir volees in a mighty chorus; the cattle give out muffled noises, as if in doubt; the frogs, the cicadas, the crickets and all the other smaller children of the forest, like naughty boys, express their mockery in a bedlam of unbearable noises, as if at a eomic play. And then, at last, the sun rises, ascending by short bounds, a buming but harraless disc, enormous, slow, magnificent and superb like a king, like Providence eoming to illumine the prairie like a god before whom flowers display their colors, and the fields their crops, while the elements quicken into life and the men of the llano bow to worship him and beseech his benefactions. General uniformity lends magnitude to the smallest details. Men that lead a simple life usually find much of adventure to tell. In the same way, on the imraense eastern plains, any wrinkle seems a mountain. Thus, towards the center of the Apiay savanna, which extends between the Guayuriba and Guatiqua rivers, there is a wonderful
ble at the delay
;
;
'
pedirle mercedes.
La uniformidad es muy socorrida para acrecentar los ms pequeos acontecimientos: as los hombres que viven una vida llana tienen generalmente materia para muchas
narraciones de aventuras.
planicie oriental,
Otro tanto sucede en la inmensa donde cualquiera arruga del terreno es como una montaa. Hacia el centro de la sabana de Apiay que se desarrolla entre los ros Guayuriba y Guatiqua, por ejemplo, hay una cosa estupenda La Loma. Es Ija Loma una tetilla que podra medirse por gemes y pulgadas, pero En se ve como una cordillera a varias leguas de distancia. esa loma tena hace muchos aos su casa de habitacin el llanero Alvarado, tipo clsico del hombre de la pampa, que ha dejado imperecedero recuerdo. Hoy, por supuesto, en este mover incesante de la vida nmade del Llano, no queda del hato de Alvarado sino un carioso recuerdo, fantaseado por la leyenda pero subsiste una cosa en la cspide de La Loma el ojo de agua que indujo al viejo llanei'o a construir all su casa, o mejor dicho, a armar all su tienda en la
: ;
:
peregrinacin del desierto. Desde la cumbrecilla se contempla en majestuoso conjunto una gi'ande extensin del Llano, como desde el alto de Buenavista y las Torres de Medina, y en todos esos observatorios la inmensidad silenciosa y sugestiva, inspiradora de fantsticos y hermosos proyectos, habla el mudo lenguaje Esto va a ser una Argentina de maravillas y opulencias. septentrional, en cuanto los colombianos escuchen mi voz de llamamiento hacia aqu," piensa el viajero soador de grandezas para la patria. "Por aqu, por el pie de esta loma va a correr muy en breve y todos los das el humilde carretn, cargado de productos del pie del cerro, para embarcarlos en el inmediato puerteeillo del Meta la sal de Upn, a inundar el Orinoco y la Amazonia: el cacao, el arroz, el algodn, la harina de pltano de ms de 500 labranzas de los contornos de Villavicencio, a venderse en los mercados de Europa y de los Estados Unidos, a precios remuneradores que habrn de indemnizar generosamente las labores del conuco; por aqu volar despus el aiitomvil sin tropiezo alguno, en busca de la pequea gasolina que se balancea en Barrign, para comunicar a Bogot con Ciudad Bolvar en ocho das; mediante el sabio fomento del xodo ganadero de las sabanas de Apure, esto va a quedar colmado en diez aos, y entonces las packing-houses y los ferrocarriles y la civilizacin y el podero militar. ..." Tal es lo que musita el mohn en La lioma de Alvarado.
'
' ;
view "La Loma." It is an insignificant hillock v^hich can be measnred with a foot rule, but has the appearance There, many of a mountain range several leagues away. years ago, lived the plainsman Alvarado, a classical type of the man of the pampas, who left an imperishable memory. Today, of course, with the incessant changes in the nomadic life of the llanos, nothing is left of Alvarado 's ranch but an affectionate reeoUection, with the fanciful additions of legendai-j' stories; yet there remains one thing on the summit of La Loma the spring that induced the od plainsman to put up his house there, or, rather to pitch there his tent as a pilgrim of the desert. Prom the top, as from the heights of Buenavista and Torres de Medina, one beholds a vast expanse of the llano; and at all those observatories the inspiring immensity, a" prompter of beautiful and fanciful projects, speaks the silent language of wonder and grandeur. "This place will become a northern Argentina when the Colombians listen to my voice calling them here," thinks the traveller who
his country. "Through here, along the foot of this hill, the humble wagn will soon move, laden with the products of the land, to ship them at the near-by small port on the Meta salt from Upn, to flood the regions of the Orinoco and the Amazon cacao, rice, cotton, plantain flour, from more than five hundred cultivated fields round Villavicencio, to be sold in the markets of Europe and the United States at profitable prices, which will generously reward the farmer's labor. Later, the automobile will fly past here without hindrance, in search of the small gas-engine boat rocking at Barrign, to conneet Bogot with Ciudad Bolvar so that the one can Through wise be reached from the other in eight days. measures to afiford an outlet to the cattle of the Apure savannas, these regions will be filled inside of ten years; and then packing-houses, and railroads, and civilization, " Such are the whispers of La and military power Loma of Alvarado.
The Plainsman
No one knows the llanos well who does not know their products; and of these, the principal one is the plainsman. But the formation of that beautiful product, the masterpiece of the pampas, is now much hampered by
90
El Llanero
No se conoce la llanura de un modo completo sin conocer sus productos, el principal de los cuales es el llanero pero la elaboracin de ese bello producto, en que era maestra la pampa, est sufriendo perturbaciones por causa de la civilizacin actual. Esa sabia y paciente orfebre de joyas antiguas no puede ya trabajar a ^sto y empieza a dejar inconclusas sus obras. Un centauro que colea ganado al galope de su caballo; que aguarda en medio de la sabana, de pie firme, al toro viejo y lo clava de hocicos, tomndolo por los cuernos que casa tigres con lanza y se bate a cuchillo con los caimanes en el ro; que pasa a nado el Orinoco con su silla de montar en la diestra y el ronzal de su yegua entre los dientes que canta galerones al son de una guitarra ronca, y que habla un lenguaje lleno de metforas vibratorias como el viento y rpidas y deslumbradoras como el rayo ese llanero, compaero de Pez y Rendn, desapareci en la epopeya. De ese Marte liberal de la llanura slo queda la silueta en la Historia de Colombia, la gloriosa.
; ;
;
caminos, y
tica social
el
La antigua incomunicacin de los pueblos por falta de ms que todo, por ciertas- condiciones de esttelgrafo,
que van desapareciendo por causa de la prensa y determinaba la formacin de tipos regionales. El llanero era uno de ellos. La presin del medio, ejercida sin perturbaciones extraas, a travs de una serie indefinida de generaciones, deba obrar en el organismo y en la mente del hombre profundas modificaciones que le impriman carcter especial en la fisonoma, en el lenguaje, en la mentalidad y en las maneras. Preciso era que el troquel de impresin de estos tipos tuviera aristas aceradas. La planicie y la montaa, el aislamiento y la incomunicacin con el mundo, el fro y el calor determinan diferencias substanciales en las modalidades humanas pero el ferrocarril y el vapor conspiran contra esa diferenciacin, y la antropologa moderna ha acabado con las razas. El Llano ofrece varios motivos de diferenciacin en el hombre: la forma del suelo, la amplitud del horizonte, la monotona, la soledad, la temperatura, la mayor mortalidad, los peligros de la vida. Es curioso observar que las facilidades del suelo plano y los ros para el transporte, hayan creado en el hombre el hbito de no hacer iiso de sus rganos de locomocin el llanero salta del chinchorro al caballo y del caballo al Un llanero a pie no sirve para nada chinchorro. Por otra manifestacin extraa de la ley de los contrastes, la soledad y el aislamiento en que viven los llaneros les da aquel espritu hospitalario de que justamente se ufanan. Son contadas en la existencia del llanero las ocasiones en que el forastero llega a su cabana era de esperarse que fuera montaraz, y sin embargo, sale al encuentro de la caravana para ofrecerle amparo en su casa. Para el llanero no slo es sagrado el husped sino que lo constituye en amo y seor. El trago de caf de la bienvenida parece sellar un pacto, en virtud del cual todo, desde el chinchorro hasta Al principio el el perro, quedan a la orden del visitante. llanero se muestra discreto en sus intimidades, por timidez, pero luego abre su corazn, denuncia sus secretos y cuenta
; ; . .
.
The pampa, that skillful and patient worker of ancient jewels, can no longer vtfork at leisure, and begins to neglect the children of her labor. The centaur that galloping on bis horse brought the buU down by the tail who, erect in the middle of the plain, met the steer and, grabbing him by the horns, brought him down head first who hunted the tiger with a spear and fught the alligator with a knife in the river; who swan across the Orinoco with bis saddle in bis right hand and the halter of bis horse between bis teeth; who sang wild songs to the accompaniment of a hoarse guitar, and spoke a language teeming with metaphors that plainsman of od, the companion of Pez and Rendn, disappeared in the epic age. Of that free Mars of the plains there remains but a silhouette in the history of glorious Colombia. The od lack of communication between peoples, due to want of roads, and especiallyto certain conditions of social statics which are gradually disappearing under the influence of the press and the telegraph, gave rise to local The plainsman was one of them. The action of types. the surrounding mdium, not disturbed by extraneous agencies, throughout an indefinite series of generations,
civilization.
;
produced in men's body and mind profound raodifications that gave special characteristics to their looks, their language, their thoughts, and their ways. And these charThe acteristics could not but be exceedingly pronounced. plains and the mountains, isolation from the world, cold
and heat, are causes of substantial differences in human ways and actions. But the railroad and the steamer conspire against such diversity, and modern anthropology has done away with race. The llanos present several factors favoring the development of special human traits the form and extent of the ground, the monotony of solitude, the temperature, the
greater mortality, the dangers of life. It may be reraarked as a curious fact that the facilities that rivers and a level ground afford to transportation have created in men the habit of not using their organs of The plainsman jumps from his hammock to locomotion. plainsbis horse and from his horse to his hammock. man on foot is good for nothing. By another strange manifestation of the law of contrast, the solitude and isolation in which the plainsman lives crate in him a spirit of hospitality, of which he is justly proud. It is seldom that a stranger arrives at the plainsman 's but, and so one might expect him to be unsociable; yet, he goes out to meet travelers and offer them the shelTo him his guests not only are sacred, ter of his home. but he makes them lords and masters. The cup of cofee with which he welcomes them seems to seal a covenant by virtue of which everything, from the hammock to the dog, At first his timidity makes him is transferred to them. discreet in his intercourse, but he soon opens his heart,
away his secrets, and tells his history. The perilous life of the plainsman, who often must fight wild beasts and face other dangers, gives him a stoical He hunts courage, which he himself does not realize.
gives
tigers as unconcernedly as he hunts armadillos he crosses the angry river in the storm; bears a pernieious fever under his mosquito bar as if he had but a cold, and mocks death at every step, as if existencc were a matter of
;
su historia.
La vida de peligros que pasa el llanero, en lucha frecuente con las fieras y en desafo permanente de peligros, le infunde un valor estoico de que l no se da cuenta. Caza el tigre como pudiera hacerlo con un armadillo, cruza el ro embravecido durante la tormenta, soporta la fiebre perniciosa bajo el mosquitero como si se tratara de un catarro, y se burla de la muerte a cada paso, como si le fuera indiferente la existencia.
indiferenee.
The
Cabuyaro, Upa, Surimena, San Pedro de Arimema, and Buenavista, scattered over 16,000,000 hektares of monot91
The ground is not, as popularly beEvery tract of savanua has slopes in diferent directions; sometimes the ground rises, sometimes it is horizontal now it slopes toward the north, and
onous savannas.
; ;
again toward the south sometimes there is a hillock in the center, and sometimes a well defined hollow. To give a good idea of the surface variations in the llano, the savannas may be likened to the divisions of a turtle shell, each of which has the form of a warped surface. It seems unquestionable that the soil of the llano is of lacustrian origin. Under the superficial layer there are altemating beds of clay, sand, gravel, and peat. TTnder a layer of dry clay there is one of quicksand. The latter, at the slightest movement, crales a vacuum, which produces a hollow sound under the hoofs of horses. Many of these places become (u rales, or deep and dangerous crevices in the outer crust of the soil, caused by the water of the frequent
rains that percolates into the subsoil.
sitios
que pueden llegar a convertirse en surales (profundo y peligroso resquebrajamiento de la corteza superficial del suelo, formado por las aguas de las frecuentes lluvias, infiltradas en el subsuelo).
baluartes.
La
isla
es la principal del grupo, tanto por su extensin cuanto por ser la mejor cultivada y nica habitada. Su mayor largo es
de cuatro millas y su ancho de tres e,s generalmente llana slo en su centro se eleva una eminencia que podr ocupar la quinta parte de su rea tiene dos buenos puertos denominados South Bay y Brig. La isla est cultivada en su totalidad y tiene algunas cras de ganado vacuno, caballar y de cerda, en relacin con su reducido territorio. Sus habitantes, que pasan de mil, son hospitalarios, laboriosos y pacficos hablan el idioma ingls y profesan 'la religin
;
the time when pirates made of those islands their principal refuge and impregnable fortress. The island of San Luis de Mangle, known today as Great Corn Island, is the principal in the group, both on account of its extent, and beeause it is the best cultivated and the only one that is inhabited. Its mximum length is 4 miles, and width 3 miles. It is generally level, except for a low hill in the center, which occupies about one-fifth of the The island has two good ports, total rea of the island. South Bay and Brig. It is cultivated throughout, and has several farras, where cattle, horses and hogs are raised. It has a population of 1000 inhabitants, Avho are hospitable, They speak English, and are laborious and peaceful. Protestants by religin, belonging to the Baptist ehiirch.
protestante conforme al rito anabaptista. El clima es sumamente suave y benigno no se conoce all enfermedad endmica alguna, y las epidemias son muy raras: condiciones que se deben sin duda a que la isla est continuamente baada por las brisas del nordeste y no tiene terrenos anegadizos. Como no hay hasta ahora especial demarcacin para poblacin urbana, cada vecino edifica su casa en su predio, donde a bien lo tiene, generalmente a orillas del camino pblico que se extiende alrededor de la isla, sin guardar orden ni concierto algunos, lo cual contribuye a dar al paisaje un tinte de singular belleza por lo variado y caprichoso de aquella larga sucesin de abigarradas construcciones de madera, que parecen arrojadas a granel bajo un tupido bosque de cocoteros y naranjos. Tiene la isla un templo bastante cmodo y de bonita apariencia buenas casas de madera para las oficinas p;
The climate is very raild. No endemic disease is there known. and epidemics are rare. This is no doubt due to the fact that the island is constantly swept by the breeze from the northeast and has no marshy lands. As up to the present time there are no town lines, every settler builds his house on his land wherever he picases, generally on the side of the public road that goes around the island. No system or method is observed in the matter, and this gives great beauty to the landscape, which presents a series of variegated wooden structures looking as if thrown at random under a thick forest of cocoanut palms and oransre trees. The island has a spacious and handsome church; good wooden houses for the public
offices
;
The
is
cocoa-
nut growing.
as 3,000,000,
silver,
blicas, crcel,
aduana,
etc.
The annual production may be estimated which sell at the ports at the rate of $30,000,
Large capitals are iinknown there
is
principal fuente de riqueza de esas islas es el cultivo de cocos; la produccin anual puede calcularse en tres
La
per million.
but, on the
also
entirely un-
92
is
due
everybody
a producer, landed property being very evenly divided. Nine miles from San Luis is found the island of
It is
nut, plantain
importantes.
La importante poblacin de San Andrs ofrece un aspecto excepcionalmaute atrayente desde cualquier punto de vista que se elija. Las habitaciones estn diseminadas en la costa, sobre una buena parte de la baha, divididas por el
camino que rodea
la isla.
Unas
llegan con su edificacin hasta las aguas, sobre pilotes de madera o columnitas de cemento, y varias de ellas estn provistas
de pequeos muelles para el Otras borabrigo de los botes. dean a trechos el camino en el lado opuesto, y extienden su interior hacia el centro de la isla, en donde se multiplican, pero a mayor separacin unas de otras. Dentro de la baha, a distancia de 600 y aun ms de 1000
metros,
and cocoamost eharming tropical appearance, owing to the variety and exuberance of its vegetation, always green and vigorous, notwithstandiug that there is no running water in the island. The Mangle islands are 60 miles from the Mosquito coast, and about the same distance from the mouth of the San Juan river, which will form the terminal of the projected Nicaragua Canal. This, added to the natural wealth and active commerce of the islands, makes them very valuable. The important town of San Andrs is exceedingly attracThe buildings are scattered along tive in every respect. the coast over a vast extent of the bay shore, and are separated from eaeh other by a road that goes around the island. Some of them extend down to the water edge, on wooden piles or concrete posts, and several of them have small piers for boats. Others line the road on the opposite side, with their back gi'ounds extending towards the center of the island, where they increase in uumber, although farther from one another. In the bay, at distances of 600 and even more than 1000 meters, there are islets, where very handsome villas have been built.
ranches,
and other
plantations.
It has a
hay
(cayitos), en
slightly rippled, form the boundaries of tliese houses, which commuuicate with the islands by
truido quintas de
aspecto.
muy
risueo
la
baha, ligeramente rizadas apenas, sirven de cerco a estas habitaciones, que se co-
Las aguas de
la isla
munican con
gasolina.
Hay en la poblacin varios almacenes de mercancas extranjeras, gran acopio de latas y conservas, licores, etc., comercio que sostienen principalmente los chinos. Existe un hotel regularmente servido, y dan asistencia en otras varias casas. corta distancia de este centro est el casero de La Loma, en la parte alta de la isla. Hay all tambin buenas habitaciones, rodeadas de huertos de frutas y predios cultivados de maz, yuca, pltano, etc. En el grupo de casas de la baha residen las autoridades de la intendencia y del municipio y la seccin de polica. Existen varias capillas del rito protestante, y la capilla catlica. Desde una pequea eminencia inmediata se domina toda la poblacin,
inlets,
About
que sigue hacia el nordeste por los pequeos cabos y ensenaditas de la costa, entre palmeras y jardines. Siguiendo hacia el norte, en parte por entre el casero, en parte por el pintoresco camino, a dos kilmetros de distancia se halla
la estacin radiotelegrfiea.
En el Corregimiento de San Luis hay un comercio ms importante y valioso que el de San Andrs, y el personal que lo habita es generalmente honorable y est bien relacionado con el comercio de los Estados Unidos y Panam. La poblacin de San Luis est a corta distancia de la de San Andrs, situada tambin sobre Ja costa de la baha. Se comunican las dos por lanchas de gasolina y por botes. Las habitaciones de San Luis son de material idntico al de las de San Andrs, y tienen el mismo aspecto alegre y atrayente. Hay tambin capillas catlica y protestante. San Andrs dista 400 millas de Cartagena de Portobelo,
;
the north the wireless station is located. The District of San Luis has a more important commerce than San Andrs. The inhabitants are generally well-toThe district has good commercial relations with the do. United States and Panam. The town of San Luis is a short distance from San Andrs, which also is situated on The two communieate with each the coast of the bay. gasoline launches. The houses and boats of means other by of San" Luis are of the same materials as those of San
Andrs, and have the same gay and attractive aspeet. San Luis also has Catholie and Protestant chapis. San Andrs is 400 miles from Cartagena; 220 from Portobelo 220 from Colon 190 from Bocas del Toro 170 from Puerto Limn; 145 from San Juan; 123 from Bluefields; 115 from Laguna de Perla.
;
;
47 miles
93
LIBRO
AZITI,
220; de Coln, 220; de Bocas del Toro, 190; de Puerto Limu, 170; de San Juan, 145; de Bluefields, 123; de
LA REGIN DE CASANARE
Tierras prodigiosamente frtiles y de abundantes y magnficas aguas, con una superficie como de unas tres veces las sabanas de Bogot. Pertenecen al Departamento de
Boyac. El importante camino del Cravo parte de la ciudad de Sogamos y pone en comunicacin las inmensas y ricas llanuras de Casanare con el interior de la repblica. A excepcin de esta va, se puede decir que no hay otra por donde entrar a Casanare sin exponerse a peligros. Aunque las verdaderas vas de comunicacin debieran ser los ros navegables que surcan en todas direcciones estas llanuras, no- se han aprovechado todava, quiz por falta de accin gubernamental. Tales ros son el Casanare, el Meta, el Pauto, el Payero, el Tocara, el Ariporo, el Tame, el Cravo del Norte, el Ele, el Lipa, el Tueuragua y otros de menor importancia. Los habitantes de Casanare viven en los pueblos y caseros de Nuiclia, capital del teiTtorio, y Tmara, Tame, Ten, Pore, Chire, IMaiiare, La Trinidad, San Lope, Scama, Orocu, Marroqun y Man. Algunos de stos son grandes centros ganaderos, pero se hallan incomunicados en invierno unos de otros y a largas distancias. Las industrias principales de Casanare son la pecuaria y los cultivos de cacao, cate, algodn, pltanos, caa de azcar, maz, arroz, yuca, etc. A Venezuela se exportan gTandes cantidades de caucho y aceite de copaiba. En los 3,000,000 de hectreas sabanosas de Casanare caben hoy, sin cultivo de pastos, 1,000,000 de cabezas de ganado, y podrn caber en el porvenir, mediante ese cultivo, 6,000,000; pero se calculan actualmente 100,000 de existencia en los hatos. A ms de los cultivos a que se dedican los habitantes de esta regin, abundan en las selvas y a orillas de sus ros palma.s de dtil y de corozo, palo de ceiba (Bmnbax ceiba) azuceno de tior blanca, que tiene los principios y propiedades de la quina curomacho y guarn, que producen capullos sedosos; palo santo (al tocarlo brota hormigas) pitahaya, comestible cu.yo fruto es una especie de higo caratero (aplicable su corteza en infusin como remedio contra la hidropesa) ojo de venado, bejuco que cura las hemorroides; tuata, vomitivo y purgante; caafstola, laxante suave; cimarruba, tnico enrgico; gusimo (resinoso); maderas de construccin diomato, cedro, moral, algarrobo, granadino, etc. gTan variedad de palmeras, como palma real, moriehe, araco, macana, corozo, sarare, coco, cucurito,
: ;
; ;
etc.
La uniformidad de las grandes llanuras de Casanare es imponente, aun cuando triste por su aparente inmovilidad. Es una tierra adecuadsima para la ganadera, de suerte que donde no hay ganados los reemplazan los rebaos de venados y chiguires. Los ros pululan de caimanes que se calientan al sol tendidos en las playas y que pareceran troncos inertes si no abrieran con frecuencia las mandbulas en las aguas encharcadas se encuentran por miradas las aves acuticas de diversas especies, que a veces las cubren, y algunas de las cuales semejan de lejos en la pampa regimientos en batalla. Con todo, la llanura no es perfectamente unida la alteran unas pequeas desigualdades que se llaman bancos y mdanos y que no son sino porciones que se levantan sobre el nivel general aqullos, de arcilla, unos pocos decmetros stos, de arena, algunos metros pero ninguno de los dos se reconoce en verano, como queda dicho, porque sus bordes son inperceptibles, en tanto que en invierno emergen como islas entre la inundacin anual. En unos y otros, que de ordinario distan entre s
; : : ;
;
of these inequalities can be recognized in the dry season, because their outlines are imperceptible; but in the rainy season they form islands in the flooded plains. They afford a refuge and fresh grass to eattle in the rainy season, which is a difficult one even for animis, on account of tho lack of breeze, the exeessive rise in temperature, and the
consequent epidemics.
94
se
llama Pro-
vincia de Nuncha, tiene apenas 16,000 habitantes, sin contar las tribus de indios que habitan en las riberas de los ros Meta, Casanare y Ariporo, que son unos 3000. Disfrutan del beneficio del telgrafo los Municipios de Marroqun, Nuncha, Tmara, Pore, La Trinidad y Orocu. En Tmara y Orocu funcionan dos Juzgados de Circuito, que conoceu promiscuamente en lo civil y en lo criminal. Las rentas principales en la provincia son las de licores y degello. Antes de la baja comercial de las plumas, era la principal renta la de garceros, cedida a los municipios.
The extensivo regin of Casanare, known today a.s Province of Nuncha, has a population of only 16,000 inhabitants, T\'ithout counting the Indian tribes who live on the banks of the Meta, Casanare and Ariporo rivers, and number about 3,000. The municipalities of Marroqun, Nuncha, Tmara, Pore, La Trinidad, and Orocu have telegraph stations. In Tmara and Orocu there are two circuit courts, which try both civil and criminal cases. The principal sources of revenue of the province are liquors and cattle slaughtering. Before the drop in the price of plumes, the principal revenue was that from stork feathers, which was the monoply of the municipalities.
del Carare,
mento de Santander,
de
los
Andes colombianos y
ro
Magdalena.
En
esta parte y en la del Opn hay un reducido nmero de salvajes indgenas dispersos en los bosques, divididos entre
en continua guerra y an no sometidos o catequizados por Colombia. El suelo de las montaas del Carare es feraz y se compone de tierras quebradas y de algunas hermosas llanuras. Hay muchos animales, y en minerales se encuentran oro, plata, hierro, cobre, plomo, carbn, etc., hasta hoy sin ninguna explotacin. El botnico Cspedes, refirindose a las riquezas del Carare, deca: "Son una exageracin de la naturaleza, en riqueza y en variedades infinitas." Tratando de los profundos bosques del Carare, se expresaba as el sabio Manuel Anezar en su Peregrinacin de Alpha: "Enumerar las miradas de animales que pueblan la selva sera imposible." La Ordenanza 43 de 1914 de la Asamblea Departamental de Santander dispuso que se emprendiera la catequizacin de las tribus salvajes del Carare y el Opn, y fu incluida en el presupuesto una suma anual con destino a fundar una misin para la reduccin de las primeras y para el sometimiento de las ltimas. La Carretera del Carare, por los Departamentos de Boy ac y Santander, facilitar grandemente la comunicacin de estas secciones del pas con el ro Magdalena. Pero parece que, en vez de carretera, los boyacenses y santandereanos tratan de llevar a cabo un proyecto de ferrocarril para el efecto, en la ciudad de Vlez se constituy recientemente una compaa annima denominada "Perrocarril del Carare," la que se propone contratar con el gobierno la construccin del ferrocarril que fomenta la Ley 43 de 1914, segn la cual se subvenciona dicha lnea frrea con la suma de $15,000 oro por kilmetro.
s
Ordinance No. 43 of 1914 of the Departmental Assembly of Santander directed that the savages of the Opn and Carare regions should be converted and an annual sum of
;
money was appropriated to found a mission for the repression of the former and subjection of the latter. The Carare Wagn Road, planned to run through the
Departments of Boyac and Santander, will greatly faciltate communication between these regions and the Magdalena river. However, it seems that the population of Santander and Boyac, instead of a highway, are trying to build a railway. Por that purpose a stock corapany was recently formed in the eity of Vlez, under the ame "Carare Railway." The company proposes to contract
with the fostered
for the construetion of the railroad 43 of 1914, according to which .such road will be subsidized to the extent of 15,000 dollars per
govemment
by
Law
kilometer.
COMISARIA OF ARAUCA
commissariat {comisara) created by the national on March 24, 1911, in the Casanare regin. Boundaries on the north and east, Venezuela on the south, the Vichada Comisara and the Department of Boyac and on the west the Province of Nuncha, of the same department. The capital is the town of Arauca. The only fluvial Avaterway in the territory is the Arauca river, which is navigable by boats drawing less than 5 feet, and by small craft, all along the Colombian frontier. The river is formed by tlie Bojab, Royat, Satoc, Banada, La Colorada and Cutuf rivers. There are in it a great man.y alligators and other aniphibious reptiles, as well as fishes and mollusks. There is a national road that leads to Tame, going through Totlos Santos and Arauquita, and another that starts from the Suapago bridge on the Central Northern Wagn Road, going through Socha, Pisba and Paya, and leading to Tmara and the capital of the territory. At present there is in process of construetion a road leading to tlie department of Norte de Santander, connecting at Salivn with the Sarare road. That road will rid
executive
:
; ;
COMISARA DE ARAUCA
Comisara creada por el Poder Ejecutivo el 24 de marzo de 1911, en el territorio de Casanare. Limita: el norte y este, con Venezuela al sur, con la Comisara del Vichada y el Departamento de Boyac, y al oeste, con Boyac, Provincia de Nuncha. Su capital es Arauca. La nica va fiuvial de la comisara es el ro Arauca, navegable por buques de calado menor de 5 pies, y por embarcaciones pequeas, en toda la extensin de la ribera colombiana. Los ros Bojab, Royat, Satoc, Banada, La Colorada y Cutuf forman el Arauca. Este ro contiene gran cantidad de caimanes, toninas, tembladores, pescados y mariscos. Hay una va terrestre nacional a Tame, pasando por Todos Santos y Arauquita, y otra que parte del puente de Suapago, en la Carretera Central del Norte, pasando por Socha, Pisba y Paya, que conduce a Tmara y a la capital de la comisara. Se trabaja actualmente en la va que conduce al Departamento de Norte de Santander, empahnaiulo en Sali;
95
Colombia of the tribute that it pays every year for the transportation of 8000 head of cattle through the marshy Venezuelan mountain of San Camilo, and which aniounts There are other sectional roads, to about 468,000 dollars. such as the Tocai'a road, between Arauca and Tame; the Camoruco road, between the same towns; the road going from Arauca to the Del Viento district, and the road that goes from Arauca to Cravo (3 days' journey), which is the same that goes to Bogot through Casanare, the Meta, Orocu, Barrign and Villavicencio. There are no land owners in the territory, but only holders. These holders, with very rare exceptions, have no written property titles to their immense pastures, but only documents certifying the succession in the right of possession and the good faith in which the land is held. The rea of the Arauca llanos has not been calculated. In an extensin of about 100 leagues of savanna from east to west and 60 leagues from north to south, are located
the pastures of the territory. The eivilized population is estimated at SOOO inhabitants, and the Indians at 16,000. The territory is divided into two large parts, well marked topographically. The western regin, which is composed by the districts of Todos Santos and Arauquita, is mountainous and therefore the seat of the agricultural industry of the territory. The territoiy derives from it nearly all the vegetable producs it needs, the soil of the regin being very fertile. In the part watered by the Arauca, which is very similar to the fertile valleys of the Cauca and the Magdalena, bananas, cacao, coffee, rubber, sugar-cane, rice, yuca, and in general all the producs of the hot climates, grow almost wild; while in its thick forests, not yet explored, there are all kiuds of building timber, dyewoods, resins, medicinal plants, orchids, and a great variety of other natural wealth. The immense surfaee of the Arauca territory is a beautiful savanna having an rea of about 100 square leagues. without any other boundaries than the natural canyons and ravines, and where about 80,000 head of cattle and 15,000 horse feed. The fauna of the Arauca territory includes all the producs of the tropical zone. Everywhere on the savannas one sees deer, boars, foxes, and ant-bears in the rivers there are a great many varieties of alligators and other amphibious reptiles, and all kinds of dangerous In the fishes, mixed with those that are suitable for food. mountain range separating the rivers from the savanna, one hears the roar of tigers and bears, and the shrill screams of monkeys, which, drowning the song of birds, produce long echoes in the immensity of the forest. In the marshes formed by the overflowing rivers between San Salvador and Arauca, there are a great many varieties of storks, from the garzn soldado (.soldier stork), which is as large as a man, down to the chumbita, which has the fiuest feathers. From the 100 pounds of feathers that were exported through the Arauca custom house in 1908, one maj^ infer the large number of storks found in that regin. The feathers from 70 royal storks weigh one pouud, and to get the same weight of chumbita feathers, 560 animis are necessary. The price of the former feathers in Europe is $100 per pound, and that of the latter, Each garzn soldado produces 30 useful feathei'S, $500. the price of which is 6 cents each, or $1.80 per animal. In the 2,500,000 hektares of natural pastures in Arauca.
casi silvestres, el pltano, el cacao, el caf, el caucho, la caa dulce, el maz, el arroz, la yuca, y en general todos los
productos de la tierra caliente al miso tiempo que en sus selvas enmaraadas, inexploradas por la planta humana, se confunden en maravillosa gestacin las maderas de construccin, de tinte y de resina, las plantas medicinales, las orqudeas y toda una profusin de riquezas naturales. La inmensa rea de terreno de Arauca es una hermosa sabana como de un centenar de leguas cuadradas, sin ms linderos que los naturales en que la dividen los caos y caadas, y en donde pacen las 80,000 reses y los 15,000 caballos en que hoy da se calcula la riqueza pecuaria del
;
territorio.
la tropical
del territorio de Arauca es la que corresponde a en toda su esplendidez. A la vista del viajero cruzan las sabanas venados, puercos alzados, zorros, osos hormigueros; los ros estn plagados de caimanes, babas, rayas, tembladores, toninas, caribes y toda clase de peces peligrosos, confundidos con los mejores ejemplares de los que consume el hombre y en la montaa que linda los ros y la sabana, se oye el feroz bramido de los tigres y los osos, y los speros chillidos de los micos y los monos, que, dominando el canto de las aves, hacen eco profundo a la enorme orquesta de la inmensa selva. En los pantanos que forman el desborde de los ros, entre San Salvador y Arauca, abundan de una manera prodigiosa toda especie de garzas, desde el garzn soldado, del tamao de un hombre, hasta la chumbita, de la ms fina pluma. Para recoger 110 libras de plumas que salieron por la aduana de Arauca en 1908, debe suponerse la inmensa cantidad de garzas que hay en la regin. Las plumas de 70 garzas reales pesan una libra, as como las de 560 chunihi-
La fauna
tas.
En Europa
libra.
$500 la
se pagan las unas a $100 y las otras a Cada garzn soldado produce 30 plumas
tiles, al precio
de $0.06, o sea $1.80 por individuo. 2,500,000 hectreas de praderas naturales de Arauca, sin canales de irrigacin ni cultivo, pueden caber 800,000 reses, y cuando sea posible a los ganaderos introducir estas mejoras en las sabanas por una seria garanta de su propiedad territorial, podrn alimentar all 5,000,000
En
las
de cabezas. La ciudad de Arauca tiene 2000 habitantes, la mayor parte venezolanos y extranjeros; es alegre y culta y se
96
without irrigation cais, without cultivation, about 800,000 head of cattle may be accoramodated. When cattle raisers may have the advantage of these improvements and a valid guarantee to their property rights, they will be able The city of Arauca has to support there 5,000,000 head. 2000 inhabitants, the majority of whom are from VeneThe city is attractive zuela and other foreign countries. and has a cultured population. It is three days' journey from Ciudad Bolvar. Its custom-house, which has charge of the introduction of all the products of the surrounding country, receives about 90 tons of articles every j^ear, esti-
mated
at a valu of $32,000. The Arauca river, a tributary of the Orinoco, has a widtli of 100 meters and a minimum width of 24 feet, which is sufficient for large ocean steamers. branch of the river divides the city into two parts, which are joined by a 35-meter bridge. In Arauca there are about 500 houses, and besides, 16 merchandise shops, 38 bar rooms, and a pharmacy. In the town are the special public offices of the comisara, those of the custom-house administration, the plice forc, municipal council, mayor 's office, court house, and the post-office. The principal oecupations are commerce and cattle raising. Arauca may be reached f rom the Caribbean sea, going up the Orinoco by steamer as far as the mouth of the Arauca, and then up the latter as far as the port of the same ame. In going that way the ocean steamers usually stop at Barranquilla, Puerto Espaa and Ciudad Bolvar. The main roads are those of Villavieencio and Orocu, going through the Chita salt mines to Tame, and through Ccuta to the San Camilo mountain. The Marconi Company of London has made a contract with the government for the establishment of a wireless station at Arauca, the city being now conneeted by telegraph with the capital of the republic.
COMISARA OF CAQUET
The Comisara of Caquet is bounded by the Departments of Huila and Cauca, the Putumayo river down to the boundaries of Brazil, the Avatiparan channel down to the Apoporis river; by this river up to the La Pea Sierra, and the upper part of the Guayabero river. The large eastern regin situated between the Guaviare and the Amazon, known as the territory of the Caquet, is now divided into the Comisaras of Vaups, Caquet, and Putumayo. It has an rea of about 665,000 square kilometers, of which about 382,000 are level forests watered by a great many rivers, which overflow every year. The Comisara of Caquet is traversed from west to east by the river of the same ame. The topography of the part included between the Caquet and Guayabero rivers is different from that of the central and eastern parts. The former is very hilly, while the others are flat, and their rivers are entirely navigable. These rivers are the only means of transportation found in the central and lower parts of that immense regin. The large rivers flow silently through forests inhabited only by birds and monkeys, while on their banks the jaguar, the lynx and other animis lie undisturbed. The eye eannot survey that immense unexplored land trees f ollow trees the heavy vines that climb up to the treetops carry in their turn numberless other climbers, which obstruct the view of the curious explorer. One hears there the distant rumble of dashing waters, the tramjiling of large animis, the flapping of birds' wings, and all kinds of peculiar noises, which echo multiplies; but one can see only a short distance ahead, and is ixnable to know whether it is safe or dangerous to proceed farther. At the foot of those majestic trees, a man's bodj^ is like a particle beside their roots, which cxtend over the ground like the foundations and counter-forts of a high tower. Often, the broken branches and footmarks of ferocious animis, which may not be far away, remind the explorer that he is treading forbidden ground and defying forces superior to the power of man, which veril_y is insignificant in the midst
; ;
La Comisara
animales, aleteo de pjaros, ruidos confusos y singulares, multiplicados por el eco pero ni se ve ms all de una corta distancia, ni se puede comprender si hay seguridad o peligro en avanzar. Al pie de aquellos rboles la figura del hombre desaparece ofuscada por una sola de sus races, tendidas y fuertes como estribos que sustentasen un torren frecuentemente las ramas tronchadas y rastro de las fieras, cuya guarida quizs no est lejos, advierten que se pisa un teiTeno vedado y que se afrontan riesgos superiores a la humana fuerza, dbil por cierto en medio de una creacin gigante, a ratos silenciosa y entonces ms amenazadora. Quien siempre haya vivido entre los hombres oyendo la voz de las ciudades y mirando con desdn el mundo fsico humillado por el esfuerzo de las multitudes, difcilmente comprender las emociones y el anonadamiento
; ;
of
these
gigantic
and disdainfully beholding the physical world subjugated by the effort of multitudes, can hardly understand the emotions and the feeling of littleness of one who, going beyond the limits of the inhabited world, enters the boundless American forests, where there is neither sun or trail or shelter, and perceives all around and above him strange beings which seem to join together to expel him from their dominions as an intruding enemy.
97
The Mocoa tribes inhabit the Upper Caquet, and speak Quichua mixed with Spanish words. The other tribes, which form scattered groups, are: the Enaguas, Guaques, Achaguas, Oreyudos, Cabacabas, Huitotos, Carijones, Cafuanes, Moras, Boras, Sebrias, Gelduas, Miraas, etc. A part of this regin has been fairly v^ell explored. Colombia will be able to exploit its resources -vvhen the population of the country has risen to at least 30,000,000 people. At present it seems impossible for Colombia to utilize those vast forests, to the possession of which she has an indisputable right. The Caquet and Putumayo regions are very rich and possess incalculable potentialities for industry and commerce. This makes it imperative for Colombia to establish and assert her rights, by systematically colonizing so valu-
able a territory.
tree,
eorn, sarsaparilla, oils, varnishes, balsams, rubber, vanilla, ivory nuts, palo de tela (stareh wood), cacao, hides, ornamental plumes, etc. There are in the comisara more than
30,000 grown-up chocolate trees. This tree begins to bear two and a half years after planted, and requires no irrigation, as the atmospherie moisture and frequent rains give This explains also why it does not it all the water it needs. require any shading. The average production is 10 pounds per tree per j^ear. The planting is very easy, on aecount of the fact that the soil is porous and soft. On the eastern bank of the Caquet, from Descanse down to the mouth of the Orteguaza, that is to say, in a length of
about 500 miles, with temperatures varying between 24 and 30 C, Don Florentino Caldern, an explorer of the Caquet river, discovei-ed abundant cinehona fields. The produet of these trees, when analysed, gave 3^/2, 4, 41/. and as much as 6 per cent of alkaloids. These fields are found at the base of the cordillera and on the flat lands of the Caquet basin. Farther up, at temperatures of between 16 and 18 C, the orange cinehona {quina-naranja) is found on an average, it yields 3 per cent of alkaloids. Still farther up, and already in the cold zones, with a temperature of between 12 and 14, is found the tuna cinehona (quina-tuna) which produces between 3 and 4 per cent of
; ,
alkaloids,
The Caquet Indians are very sociable and courteous. They are inquisitive, intelligent, honest, and industrious. They are experts in several industries, and very skillful in the building of houses and the making of eanoes and fishThey make most beautiing, huntiug and rowing devices. They use the bark of a kind of bamboo ful hammocks. for making a shining and strong fabric, which is useful
sieves
bamb en
caciones,
como asientos
para extraer la fcula de la tierra, sembrando lo que necesitan para la subsistencia son puntuales y escrupulosos en el cumplimiento de sus compromisos; contratados como bogas en los viajes de ro, no solamente sirven bien en su oficio, sino que se constituyen en instructores, curanderos y proveedores del patrn, con tal amabilidad y sencillez, que arraigan en ste profundo cario y sincera estimacin. Florencia, capital de la comisara, ha tomado ltimamente un gran impulso, por su comercio, nuevas edificaSus habitantes, que son hoy ciones, escuelas pblicas, etc. cerca de 3000, viven dedicados a la ganadera, a la agricultura y al comercio local. Este importante centro es eabeeera de los corregimientos y caseros de San Vicente, Puerto
;
Rico, Tresesquinas, Yar, La Estrella, La Muralla, San Pacho, Canales, Pescado, Andaqu y Nia Mara, puntos en donde ha.v escuelas pblicas primarias. Cuenta el territorio con dos muy importantes vas de
for a great many things, sueh as rustie seats, baskets, and strainers for the making of yuca starch, etc. They cultvate the soil on a small seale, planting as much They are very as thej' need for their own subsistence. punctual and very scrupulous in keeping their engagements when hired as oarsmen for river travels, they not only do their work satisfaetorily, but become useful instructors, healers and purvej'ors, doing all with so much simplicity and amiability that they inspire in their employer the deepest affection and esteem. Florencia, the capital of the comisara, has lately taken a great start owing to its coramercial activity, its new buildings, public sehools, etc. Its inhabitants, who number about 3000, are devoted to cattle raising, agriculture, and Florencia is also the head town of the local commerce. settlements of San Vicente, Puerto Rico, Tresesquinas, Yar, La Estrella, La Muralla, San Pacho, Canales, Pescado, Andaqu, and Nia Mara, in all of which there are primary
;
public sehools.
The Caquet regin has two very important ways of transportation, which connect it with the Department of
98
mento
One of them starts from Guadalupe, and going through the capital of the comisara, ends at La Muralla, a port on the Orteguaza river. It has a length of 105 kilometers; it is ampie and well built, and of great national valu; it is perhaps one of the best roads in the republie. The other road begins at Campoalegre and ends at San Vicente, a port on the Caquet river, its length beiug 125
Huila.
kilometers. The principa^
Pescado,
la construccin
compondr de cuatro
de un ferrosecciones, a saber:
Seccin Tolima-Huila. Extensin en kilmetros: el tramo aprovechable y ya construido del ferrocarril del Tolima tiene veinte (20) del Espinal a Purificacin tendr prximamente veintiocho (28) de sta a Natagaima, veinticinco (25) de aqu a Neiva, setenta y cinco (75) lo que da un total de ciento cuarenta y ocho (148) kilme
; ; ; ;
En su mayor parte atravesar llanuras limpias, slo cruzar tres ros importantes por su anchura y caudal (el Saldaa, el Luisa y el Chenche). Las dems corrientes exigen nicamente puentes de menor categora. El caudaloso Magdalena podra dominarlo la locomotora en uno de los estrechamientos con bases slidas llamados Golondrinas y Balandrillas. Con fundamento se calcula que el valor kilomtrico no exceder de $16,000 oro al estar terminado, slo se emplearn cinco horas de Girardot a Neiva. Seccin Neiva-Guadalupe tendr prximamente 120 kilmetros y la tercera parte llano limpio; su costo no exceder de $18,000 oro, en sus porciones problemticas. Las nicas obras de arte importantes sern los puentes sobre los ros Neiva y Ceibas, y acaso un tnel corto para llegar al valle de La Viciosa, el que remontar despus para dirigirse a cruzar la montaa oriental. Seccin Cordillera: sta podr comprender un desarrollo de 95 a 100 kilmetros, con ascensos mximos de 37, y descender en menores inclinaciones hasta el valle del Orteguaza. Seccin Amaznica: comprender un desarrollo en llanuras selvticas de 100 a 120 kilmetros hasta el Alto Caquet, donde enlazar con la va de Mocoa, y cruzando solamente como ros importantes el Hacha, el Bodoquero, el Pescado y acaso el Fragua. El costo aproximado ser de unos $20,000 oro por kilmetro.
tros.
;
waterways are: the Orteguaza, Caquet, Cagun, Guayas, Caraparan, Ingaraparan, Putumayo, Yar, and Apoporis rivers. Transportation by steam launches"has uot yet been established. Canoes are now the only means of transportation on these rivers. Law 30 of 1914 provides for the construction of a railroad, which will consist of four sections. The TolimaHuila seetion will consist of the following sub-sections the part already* constructed and in operation, which is about 20 kilometers; the sub-section between Espinal and Purificacin, whicJi will be about 28 kilometers; that between Purificacin and Natagaima, 25; from here to Neiva, 75: this gives a to* length of 148 kilometers. Nearly all throughout its L.-gth this seetion will traverse clear plains it will cross only three rivers of importance with regard to width and volume the Saldaa, the Luisa and the Chenche. The other streams require only unimportant bridges. The voluminous Magdalena might be spanned at the narrow gorges known as Golondrinas and Balandrillas, where the solid rock oers good foundations. It has been rightly esti:
'
wiU require only hours to go from Girardot to Neiva. The second seetion is the Neiva-Guadalupe seetion. Tt will have an approximate length of 120 kilometers, onethird of it going through unobstructed level ground. Its cost will not exceed 18,000 dollars per kilometer, in the doubtful portions. The only important structures required will be the bridges over the Neiva and Ceibas rivers, and perhaps a short tunnel to reaeh the valley of La Viciosa, up which the road will continu, to reach and cross the eastern mountain. The third seetion is the cordillera seetion, which will be between 95 and 100 kilometers long, and, after ascending for a distanee of 37, will descend more gradually down to the Orteguaza valley. The last seetion is the Amazonic seetion, which will go through wooded plains in a distanee of between 100 and 120 kilometers as far as the Upper Caquet, where it will connect with'Hhe Mocoa road. The only important rivers it will cross are the Hacha, Bodoquero, and Pescado, and perhaps the Fragua. The approximate cost would be about 20,000 dollars per kilometer.
When
COMISARA OF PUTUMAYO
: ;
This comisara is situated south of the Caquet river, and its boundaries are as follows on the west, the Department of Nario on the north, the Caquet river on the south, the republics of Ecuador and Brazil and on the The capital is Mocoa, a town of east, the latter republie. 1500 inhabitants, on the right-hand bank of the Mocoa river, less than one day's travel from El Limn, which is its port on the right-hand bank of the Caquet river. The national government constantly encourages the colo; ;
destino.
2.^
3."^
nization of this rich territory, through the Catholic missions and other white colonizers. The missions work with great earnestness and perseverance in the foundation of colonies. Several colonizing families have been imported from the Departments of Nario and Antioquia into that territory, heretofore uncivilized. The guarantees offered to those wishing to be colonists in the Putumayo are the following: (1) they shall be provided with foodstuft's for themselves and families throughout the journey, until they arrive at their destination; (2) they shall be provided with
terreno
nmero de sus individuos, y se les darn herramientas, semillas y vveres durante seis meses. 1.'' Deben permanecer dos aos en la colonia para que adquieran derecho de propiedad a lo que han trabajado y
segn
el
at the place where they wish to establish their respective colouies, eacli family shall reeeive as much land as it can cultvate, according to the number of persous, and shall also reeeive tools, seeds and
(4)
colonists
Se dar a cada familia casa hecha, segn lo permitan cincuenta pesos oro para que
Las ltimas inmigraciones llevadas al Putumayo desde Antioquia se han centralizado en una nueva poblacin llamada Alvernia, la cual est unida a ilocoa por un puente y el camino nacional del I\itnmayo, que pone en comunicacin con el centro de la I\lisin los pueblos de indgenas de Condagua, Yunguillo, y los de los blancos de Descanse y Santa Kosa. Viene a ser tambin el anillo que juntar los Departamentos del Hulla y Cauca con Nario para darse cita en estas selvas a poblar tan vastas y frtiles regiones. En Alvernia se ha con.strudo una casa de gobierno, local para escuela y muchas habitaciones. Actualmente se cultivan en grande escala pltano, caa, caf, frisol, maz, yuca, En las cercanas hay una mina riqusima de carbn etc. de piedra de buena calidad a corta distancia se halla tambin una abundante mina de petrleo, y pasado el ro Caquet hay una fuente de agua salada de suficientes gi'ados de saturacin. Una de las ventajas ms salientes de Alvernia es la de tener cerca lugares casi fiaos y terrenos muy clidos, prestndose por tanto a toda clase de produc;
ciones.
La Junta de Inmigracin, para dar estabilidad a los trabajos de la Misin, se ha propuesto escalonar pueblos en direccin al Caquet y Putumayo. y al efecto ha hecho las siguientes fundaciones y trabajos En las orillas del ro Encano, junto al hermoso lago de La Cocha, se han verificado grandes talas de selvas y establecido extensos cultivos y gran nmero de casas. seis leguas de El Encano se halla el pueblo de indgenas de Santiago tiene ms de 3000 indios est en la entrada del Valle de Sibundo.v, y es posada obligada para
years in their respective colonies before acquiring the right of property in the lad they have worked, and an additional parec of the same size; (5) each family shall reeeive a house built according to local conditions, or else 50 dollars for the construction of a similar house. The latest immigrants takeu to Putumayo from Antioquia have settled in a new town called Alvei'uia, conuected with Mocoa by a bridge and the national road of Putumayo, which connects with the center of the mission. the Indian towns of Condagua and Yunguillo, and the white-men's towns of Descanse and Santa Rosa. The new town is also the link that will counect the Departments of Huila and Cauca with Xario, where the inhabitants of these three departments may meet, and whence they may go forth to A government house .settle those vast and fertile regions. has been built at Alvernia, and also a school building, and a great many prvate houses. At present. bananas, sugar-cane, cofee, beans, corn, yuca, In the neighborhood etc., are raised in large quantities. there is a very rich eoal mine of good quality. Not very far away there is a rich petroleum deposit, and on the other side of the Caquet river there is a salt spring of a high degree of strength. One of the main advantages of Alvernia is that in its near vicinitj^ there are both cold and hot climates, which makes possible the production of all kinds of vegetables. The Immigration Board, in order to enhance the work of the missionaries, has decided to found villages along the road to the Caquet and Putuma.vo, and so far has accomOn the banks of the Encano plished the following work river, near the beautiful La Cocha lake, vast extensious of
:
forest
fields
tilled
and many
caminantes. el centro del Valle de Sibundoy existe el pueblo de Sucre, el que, adems de ser un importante anillo en la cadena de pueblos proyectados, tiene el objeto de servir como auxiliar en la civilizacin de los tres pueblos de indios que moran en dicho valle. En plazo no lejano ser Sucre uno de los centros ms importantes del Putumayo, y quizs llegue con el tiempo a ser rival de Pasto, pues le lleva mucha ventaja por la bondad del clima y proximidad a la inmensa regin amaznica. Establecida la navegacin del Putumayo, ser, a no dudarlo, un importante centro agrSu altura sobre el nivel del mar es de cola y comercial. 1200 metros su temperatura, 18 grados centgrados. Tiene abundancia de aguas cinco quebradas la atraviesan. Y si adquiere la poblacin gran desarrollo, puede con poco costo traerse toda el agua del ro San Pedro. A corta distancia de Sucre se encuentra Sibundoy, pueblo de indgenas, con ms de 1500 indios. Ocupa una posicin bellsima, terrenos feracsimos, clima delicioso; temperatura, 18 grados centgrados; con espaciosa plaza y calles anchas y bien trazadas. A 6 kilmetros de Sibundoy se encuentra San Francisco, pueblo de blancos tiene a poca distancia hermosos terrenos de clima templado y caliente. Es punto obligado cuando
los
En
houses built. Six leagi;es from Encano is situated the Indian town of Santiago, which has more than 3000 Indians it lies at the entrance o the Sibundoy valley, and is a stopping place for travellers. In the center of that valley, the town of Sucre is found, which besides being an important link in the ehain of projected towns, serves as an auxiliarj' for civilizing the three Indian towns in the same valley. Before long, Sucre will be one of the most importaut centers of Putumaj'o, and perhaps in time it will beeome a rival of Pasto, over which it has the advantages of a better climate and of being in cise proximit.v to the immense Amazou regin. Once navigation in the Putumayo has been established, Sucre will no doubt beeome an important agricultural and commercial center. It has an elevation of 1200 meters above sea-level. Its average temperature is 18 C. It has a great abundance of water, flve streams flowing through it, and should the development of the town require it, it is possible to bring to it without great expense all the water of the San Pedro river.
Xot far from Sucre is found the Indian town of Sibundoy, with a population of more than 1500. It occupies a beautiful site, and has a most fertile soil and a delightful climate. its average temperature being 18 C. It has a
spacious plaza and wide streets, well laid out. Six kilometers from Sibundoy is the town of San Francisco, whose inhabitants are white. Not far from it there are beautiful lands, both in cold and in hot climates. It is a stopping place for travellers from Mocoa. Following the same plan of couneeting the different strategieal points, the mission has constructed with its own funds a magnificent bridge over the Quinchoa river, in the Sibundo}^ valley the bridge has seven large masonry piers, for which many thousands of pounds of mortar were used.
;
uno
sale de ilocoa. Siguiendo el mismo plan de unir los diferentes puntos estratgicos, la Misin ha construido de su cuenta en el Valle de Subundoy un grandioso puente sobre el ro Quinchoa, que tiene siete enormes estribos de mampostera. en el que se han gastado algunos miles de arrobas de cal. Cost alrededor de $8000 plata. Es la mejor obra en su
100
Une el pueblo de San Se construir pronto otro puente sobre el Balsayaeo, o Alto Putumayo, para unir con el camino nacional los terrenos del Porotoyaeo, que cultivan algunos vecinos de San Francisco. Este puente comunicar asimismo con el Valle de Sibundoy grandes extensiones de tierra muy feraz y de clima templado, situadas en la banda
gnero que hay en el Andrs con Santiago.
territorio.
izquierda del Putumayo. La poblacin de Alvernia, a tres horas de Mocoa, ha sido el lugar en que tanto el Estado como la Iglesia se han dado cita para formar una poblacin importante por la' cantidad de elementos que all se encuentran. cinco leguas de Mocoa se halla el pueblo de indgenas de Limn, sobre el ro Caquet. Este puerto pone en comunicacin por el ro la comisara con algunos caseros de la regin del Caquet. El puerto de Umbra, sobre el ro Uchipayaco, es actual-
It cost about $8000, silver, and is the best work of its kind in the territory. It eonnects the towns of San Andrs and Santiago. The bridge over the Balsayaeo or Alto Putumayo river will soon be built, to connect the lands of Porotoyaeo, which are being developed by some residents of San Francisco, with the national road. This bridge will also connect the Sibundoy valley with vast and fertile lands, situated in the temprate climates on the left-hand
bank of the Putumayo. The town of Alvernia, three hours' journey from Mocoa, is the place selected by both the State and the Church for the foundation of au important town, on account of its
many
favorable conditions.
Five leagues from Mocoa is found the Indian village of Limn, on the Caquet river. This port eonnects, through the river, the comisara with several settlements on the
Caquet
river.
trmino del camino de herradura que la Misin construy para llegar al Putumayo. El viajero se embarca en canoa en el Uchipayaco, afluente del Guineo, que a su vez lo es del Putumayo. Si uno no tiene el suficiente valor para confiarse a una canoa, debe seguir trece leguas por trocha hasta llegar a Puerto Ass. Entre Umbra y Puerto Ass, siguiendo la va fluvial, se han fundado dos pueblos indgenas San Bernardo y Padua. El primero se ha formado de la reunin de los indios del Guineo y San Vicente, y el otro se formar de los del
el
:
mente
river, is now the terminal of the bridle road that the mission constructed to reach the Putumayo. Travellers embark in canoes on the Uchipayaco, a tributary of the Guineo, which flows into the
Guamuez y San Diego. Con esta cadena de pueblos queda el Putumayo mente ligado a Pasto en una extensin de 45 leguas, y
distancia casi igual con
firmea
una
Santa Rosa, primer^ pueblo del Cauca, y comunicado con Florencia por agua, teniendo que andar slo una jornada a caballo, o sea la que separa a Umbra de Limn. Sabido es que hasta Puerto Ass pueden Puerto Ass es llegar vapores como los del Magdalena. lugar muy estratgico y a propsito para ser el centro donde se renan los caucheros del apo, Caquet y Putumayo, y los comerciantes que descienden de las cordilleras. Hllase Puerto Ass situado en la margen izquierda del Putumayo, a 200 kilmetros de la ciudad de Pasto, y a 80 de Mocoa, en una elevacin de 396 metros sobre el nivel del mar, con una temperatura media de 28 grados centDentro de poco estarn comunicadas todas las grados. poblaciones de la comisara por el telgrafo. El Valle de Sibundoy, completamente llano, de ms de 30 leguas cuadradas de extensin, con temperatura de unos 17 grados del centgrado, sorprendentemente feraz, atravesado por numerosos ros de mucho caudal, situado a 7 horas de distancia de Pasto, atravesado por el gran camino que va de esta ciudad a Mocoa, est habitado por dos tribus
numerosas. Las mercancas europeas y norteamericanas pueden llegar con suma facilidad por el Putumayo hasta Puerto Ass, y de aqu por el nuevo camino entrar a los Departamentos de Nario y del Cauca, y atravesando el corto trayecto que separa el Putumayo del Caquet, penetrarn hasta el Tolima por Florencia. Desarrollndose como se desarrolla el ganado en Sibundoy y Puerto Ass siendo el Putumayo navegable, hasta resistir buques de dos y medio a tres pies de calado, se tiene pues un magnfico artculo de exportacin con medios fciles para realizarlo y con extraordinarios rendimientos para los empresarios. En las veces que algunos negociantes han conseguido llevar, con grandes dificultades, algunas reses de mala calidad y muy maltratadas, las han vendido en Manaos a cien soles cada una, y algunas hasta en treinta libras esterlinas. Otro artculo de exportacin es el pltano, el que llevado de Puerto Ass ha sido colocado a
;
If one is not brave enough to embark in a one must travel through trails a distance of 13 leagues to reach Puerto Ass. Between Umbra and Puerto Ass, foUowing the river, the Indian towns of San Bernardo and Padua have been founded the former by bringing together the Guineo and San Vicente Indians, and the other, the Guamuez and San Diego Indians. With this chain of towns and villages, the Putumayo is continuously connected with Pasto throughout a distance bf 45 leagues, and in a similar manner with Santa Rosa, Cauca. It is also connected with Florencia by water, it being only necessary to travel one day on horseback from Umbra to Limn. It is well known that steamboats similar to those of the Magdalena can go up as far as Puerto Ass. This port has great strategical valu, and would be an excellent center for the rubber dealers of the apo, Caquet and Putumayo rivers, as well as producers that
Putumayo.
canoe,
Cordillera.
Puerto Ass is situated on the left-hand bank of the Putumayo, 200 kilometers from the city of Pasto, and 80 from Mocoa, at an elevation of 396 meters above sea-level. It has an average temperature of 28 C. Before long, all the towns in the comisara will be connected by telegraph. The Sibundoy valley, which is perfectly level, and has a surface of over 30 square leagues and an average temperature of 17 C, is exceedingly fertile. It is traversed by several large rivers. Its distance from Pasto is 7 hours' travel, and through it goes the road that eonnects the latter city with Mocoa. The valley is inhabited by two numerous Indian tribes. European and American merchandise can reach the Putumayo very easily, as far as Puerto Ass, and from there it can go over the new road into the Departments of Nario and Cauca then, going through the short distance that seprales the Putumayo from the Caquet, go as far as Tolima via Florencia. Considering that the cattle industry is well adapted to Sibundoy and Puerto Ass, and that the Putumayo is navigable by boats drawing 2i/o to 3 feet, it is easy to see that in that regin cattle raising would be a very profitable industry. The cattle that some dealers have succeeded in earrying there with great difficulty, some of it being of poor quality and in bad eondition, is sold in Manaos at 100 sois per head, and sometimes for as much as 30 pounds sterling. Another export article is bananas, which, being brought from Puerto Ass, have sold at the rate of 3 or 4
;
101
per bunch. Rice, vrhieh begins to yield three months after plauting; sugar-cane. cacao, vanilla, etc., which may
sois
be cultivated on a very large scale, are among the other articles that could be profitably exported.
INTENDANCY OF CHOC
The Intendaney of Choc
consists of the municipalities of
Quibd. Bagado. Negu, Cai'men, Riosucio, Acand and Litoral, wliich fonu the Province of Atrato and San Pablo, Tad, Condoto, Nvita, and Baud, whieh form the Province of Sa Juan, The iutendancy has coasts on both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They can be easily connected by means of cais running through the lands separating the San Juan from the Atrato river. The approximate arca of this territory is 504 square myriameters. of whicli about 180 are public lands. The Atrato, San Juan and Baud rivei-s are navigable by steamboats, aud more than 200 of the smaller streams in the intendaney are navigable by smaller craft. Almost without exception, all these streams contain gold. The principal producs of the intendaney are gold, platinum, rubber, ivory uuts, building timber, dyewoods,
;
Quibd
Puerto de Quibd
Port of Quibd
and large quantities of
taguas, maderas de tinte y de construccin, canime, vainilla, pieles, pita, cacao y pescado en salazn en gran abundancia. Existe un camino de herradura entre los Municipios de Quibd y Bolvar (Antioquia). La capital es Quibd. ciudad de 12.000 habitantes, a 43.5 mirimetros de Bogot, a 42 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar, con 29 grados de temperatura media. Las dems poblaciones del territorio son: Bagado, con 2632 habitantes Riosucio. con 938; Carmen, con 2315; Negu, con 1925; Istmina, con 10.000; Tad, con 4754; Baud, con 6900; Nvita, con 6078; Condoto, con 3556; Pueblorrico, con 2119.
:
sisal, cacao,
ao de 1914 se denunciaron 270 minas, o sea 22.5 por mes. y durante los tres primeros meses de 1915 entraron 56 denuncios, o sea ,un promedio mensual de 11.20, dando una diferencia de 11.3 en favor de 1914. Con todo, la industria minera rudimentaria, que es la que da los metales preciosos que se han exportado por centurias del Choc y que se exportan an, con pocas excepciones, pues no hay empresas mineras en regla y montadas seriamente fuera de las de The Angh-Colonihian Development Co., es elemento de vida para gran parte de la
el
Durante
un promedio de
There is a bridle road between the municipalities of Quibd and Bolvar (Antioquia). The capital is Quibd, a towu of 12,000 inhabitants, about 43.5 myriameters from Bogot, and 42 metere above sea-level. It has an average temperature of 29 C. The other towns of the intendaney are: Bagado, 2632 inhabitants Riosucio, 938 Carmen. 2315 Negu, 1925 Istmina, 10.000 Tad, 4754 Baud, 6900 Nvita, 6078 Condoto, 3556 and Pueblorrico, 2119. During the year 1914, 270 mines were denounced, which gives an average of 22.5 per month. During the first three months of 1915 there were 56 denouncements, correspondiug to an average of 11.20 per month this gives a diference of 11.3 in favor of 1914. Although mining is earried on by verj'jjrimitive methods, which have heen in use for centuries in the extraction of the precious metis exported from Choc, there being scarcely any well equipped mines outside of those of the Anglo-Colombian Developmeut Co., mining is the occupation and source of wealth of a large
; ; ;
poblacin chocoana.
Choc donde el espaol LTUoa descubri la existencia del platino. Da por da aumenta el rendimiento del Choc en ese valioso metal. Las cifras siguientes expresan la produccin de platino no solamente de Colombia
el
Fu en
was
in
existence of platinum. The production of this valuable metal in Choc is constantly on the increase. The following figures give the production of platinum, in ounees, of Colombia and the other produeei-s of this metal, in the years
expresan onzas:
iudicated
102
Canad
Colombia
1913 200 50
15,000 1,275 250,000
1914
1915
100
19,000
Canad
Colombia New South Wales
Russia United States
Total
1912 200 30
12,000
1913 200 50
15,000 1,275 250,000
1914
1915
100 19,000
30
17,500 1,248 241,200
.
778 Nueva Gales del Sur.... 300,000 Rusia 721 Estados Unidos
56
124,000
483
267,008
570
260,548
742
143,898
483
267,008
570
260,548
56 124,000 742
143,898
Suma
313,729
If large capitals were devoted to the exploitation of platinum in Choc, the production would increase very considerably, according to the opinin of mining experts.
said gulf, to the waters of the river where they have sufficient depth. The bay lends itself to the construction of a magnificent harbor. Once in the river itself, the depth is from 11 to
its
is
220
The present mouths have only a depth of from 1.80 to 2.25 meters; this for short distances of from 1000 to 2000 meters. As soon as the entrance were f ree, the tum of the Vuelta Larga below Riosucio could be shortened, and maybe others
also.
varias depresiones en la cordillera que divide las aguas del Atrato de las del Ocano Pacfico: El paso del ro Cacarica, afluente del Atrato, al ro Paya, afluente del ro Tuira, que se descarga en el Golfo de San Miguel al lado del Pacfico. Aqu la expedicin de Wyse y Reclus encontr en la depresin la altura de 142 metros sobre el mar; pero ms al oeste, entre el ro Peranchito, afluente del Cacarica, y la quebrada jMonos, afluente del Cue, y ste del Tuira, la Comisin del Ferrocarril Intercontinental, al mando del Ingeniero Mr. W. P. Shunck, en 1892, encontr una depresin que slo se eleva a 122 metros sobre el mar. En los mapas de la Comisin Geogrflca de 1864, la direccin del ro Cacarica es equivocada; el ro nace en la cordillera del Darin y en su principio corre al suroeste, despus de afluir el ro Peranchito corre un trayecto hacia el sur y luego al este a juntarse con el Atrato. Un canal a nivel por aqu sera muy largo y una vez bajado el nivel de los ocanos sera difcil defenderlo de ser llenado con la carga que bajara de los numerosos afluentes del ro Tuira. En los mapas de la regin del Atrato de la Comisin Corogrfica, los nombres de los ros Saliqu y Truand estn trocados el Saliqu es el que est ms al norte. Creo que la cordillera entre estos ros afluentes del Atrato y el Pacfico se eleva a 210 metros, y el trayecto es largo, de manera que sera ms costoso hacer aqu un canal a nivel, que en Panam; y para usar de exclusas exigira un lago artificial como en el Istmo y a un costo el doble del actual canal. La boca del ro Saliqu se puede considerar a 4 metros sobre el mar y es conocida con el nombre de La Honda.
;
;
Hay
There are several depressions in the mountains that seprate the basin of the Atrato from the Pacific ocean The passage of the Cacarica river, a tributary of the Atrato, to the river Paya, a tributary of the Txiira river, which empties into the Gulf of San Miguel on the Pacific Here the expedition of Wyse and Reclus found in side. the depression a height of 142 meters above the sea; but farther west, between the Peranchito river, a tributary of the Cacarica, ar^d the brook Monos, a tributary of the Cue, which joins the Tuira, the Commission of the Intercontinental Railroad, commanded by the Engineer W. F. Shunk, encountered a depression which was only 122 meters
above the
sea.
the charts of the Geographical Commission of 1864, the direction of the Cacarica river is wrong; the source of this river is in the Darin mountains; it runs at first to the southeast as far as its junction with the Peranchito, then it flows for a distance to the south, then to the east until it discharges into the Atrato. level canal through here would be too long, and once lowered to the level of the two oceans, it would be very difficult to keep it from being filled up by the silt carried down by the numerous tributarles of the Tuira river. On the maps of the Chorographical Commission of the Atrato district, the ames of the rivers Saliqu and Truand are interchanged, the Saliqu being. the one lo-
On
Napip,
Subiendo el Atrato hasta las inmediaciones del ro el Atrato se eleva a 22 metros sobre el mar.
103
cated farther north. I believe that the mountain range between these tributarles of the Atrato river and the Pacific ocean rises to an elevation of 210 meters; and as the distance is great, it would be more costly to build a level canal here than at Panam. And for the use of locks, an artificial lake should be required, as on the Isthmus, and that at double the
eost of the present canal.
truir,
un canal sin exclusas no se podra consporque ahondando el curso del Atrato hasta ponerlo en la boca del ro Napip al nivel del mar, la cuelga que esta excavacin dara a los otros afluentes del Atrato en este tra.yecto producira el hecho que todos estos afluentes ahondaran sus cauces y as descargaran al Atrato ahondado tanta carga, que el trabajo sera llenado aun con ms rapidez que lo que se empleara en excavar el lecho de dicho ro, y es absurdo pensar que el descargue de los As esta proposicin, afluentes se atajara con represas. que ha sido hecha en los peridicos hace pocos aos, es de pura fantasa y adems exige la excavacin de 1,155,000,000 de metros cbicos y ver dnde colocarlos. Los vapores de alta mar fcilmente subiran contra la corriente natural o actual del Atrato hasta las inmediaciones de su afluente el Napip, alcanzando as una altura de 22 metros sobre el mar. De este lugar un canal tendra que ser excavado a este nivel hacia el Pacfico, distante unos 55 kilmetros. Las colinas que separan el Atrato del ocano son bajas, y una depresin que solamente se elevara 87 metros sobre el mar servira para el pa.so. Para pasar habra que excavar hasta bajar a 77 metros de la cima de la depresin, para dar un fondo de 12 metros al canal y para bajar los 22 metros al nivel del Pacfico, se necesitaran dos o tres exclusas. No se aprovecha el curso del ro Napip, pero sus aguas serviran para llenar las exclusas. Si se toman en consideracin el largo curso del Atrato que habra de recorrerse como un canal y la vuelta que esta ruta ocasionara para ir del Atlntico al Pacfico, no ofrecera las ventajas del canal de Nicaragua. Empresas de esta clase no se acometen por filantropa, ni para asuntos de honor o amor propio as, si no ofrece ventajas comerciales sobre otras empresas semejantes, no se
este paraje,
;
De
The niouth of the Saliqu river may be estimated to be 4 meters above sea-level; it is called La Honda. Parther up the Atrato river, where the Napip enters it, it reaches an elevation of 22 meters above the sea. Prom this point a canal without loeks cannot be built because, by deepening the bed of the Atrato to where it reaches the mouth of the Napip at sea-level, the grade of all its tributarles would be increased so much that the excavations would be filled as soon as made. And it is absurd to suppose that the discharge of tho.se tributarles could be stopped by damming. Therefore, this proposition, which appeared in the newspapers some time ago, is nothing but a dream. It requires au excavation of 1,155,000,000 cubic meters of earth, not to mention the problem of where to
dump
it.
easily go up against the natural or present current of the Atrato as far as the mouth of the Napip, thus ascending to an altitude of 22 meters above the sea. From this point a canal would have to be excavated at that level for a distance of 55 kilonieters. The hills which seprate the Atrato from the ocean are low, and a depression which would only rise 87 meters above the sea would afford a pass. In order to get through, the excavation should have a depth of 77 meters from the top of the depression, so as to give the canal a depth of 12 meters; and to descend the 22 meters to the level of the Pacific, it would require the construction of two or three
locks.
Taking into consideration the long stretch of the Atrato which must be traveled by a canal, and the roundabout way which this route implies for reachiug the Atlantic from the Pacific, it would not ofer the advantages afforded by the Nicaragua Canal. Enterprises of this kind are not undertaken for philanthropie purposes, or for the sake of honor or vanity therefore, unless they show eommercial advantages over other
;
llevar a efecto.
Algunos creen que se poda pasar por el Istmo de San Pablo de las aguas del Atrato a las del ro San Juan. El Istmo se eleva a 110 metros sobre el mar. El ro Atrato. arriba de la boca del ro ilurr, su mayor afluente, apenas es navegable en verano por embarcaciones que calan 6 pies. No se puede ahondar el cauce de los ros Atrato y San Juan, por el hecho de que as se dara cuelga a sus afluentes, y stos llenaran en un rato la excavacin; hacer obras de represas para evitar esto sera demasiado costoso. Algunos proponen la excavacin de un canal independiente del ro pero este gran ro, corriendo a mayor altura, no sera un buen vecino, y hay que recordar que a menudo inunda vastas extensiones de terreno.
;
similar routes, they are not carried out. Some people hold that a route can be found by way of the Istmo de San Pablo, which divides the waters of the Atrato from those of the San Juan. This divide has an elevation of 110 meters above the sea. The Atrato river, beginning at the mouth of the Murr river, its largest tributary, is scarcely navigable during the dry season for boats drawing more than 6 feet of water. It is not possible to deepen the bed of the Atrato and the San Juan, as, by so doing, too much fall would be given to their tributarles, which would then flll the excavations in a short time. And to construct dams for obviating this obstacle would require an excessive expense. Some people have proposed the excavation of the canal independently of the river but this great river flowing at a higher level than a canal would be a most dangerous Resides, we must bear in mind that it often neighbor. floods vast reas of the neighboring land.
;
tir
Colombia
FIBERS
Pibers and rubber are products of great valu amongst the natural resources of Colombia. The greater part of the fibers are of vegetable origin, obtained from plants of the urticaceous, palm, malvaceous and
some molocotyledoneous families. The only mineral fiber, so called, is asbestos, the incombustible, silky substance which is non-conductor both of heat and electricity. It is much used for linings in loco-
motive and marine boilers and as packing for cylinder pistons of all kinds of engines. There are many deposits of asbestos to be found in Colombia, especially in the Departments of Santander, Boyac, Cundinamarca and Tolima. The silk-worm abounds in Colombia in the wild state it lives on di'erent trees and shrubs, as the lemon and orange trees, on the wild plum (hobo) and on the yuca. We have seen it on the prairies of Juyachi in Goajira feeding on the euphorbiaceous plant called friar's purge or American sponge (Jatropha gossipifolia) also on the tableland of Bogot living on the small hawthorn tree (Duranta mutisse ) Mr. Henry Givelet winds up his study of this worm, made some years ago in Paris, with the following words: "The discovery of Attacus, a native of Colombia, is of much importance to the silk industry. The wonderful climate of that country constitutes a privilege which forbids all competition. Colombia will become necessarily, sooner or later, the silk country par excellence."
;
as:
algodones de varias especies, en las tierras calientes: los tallos de las malvas herbceas dan fibras largas, sedosas y resistentes, como el camo. De las tiliceas sale el yute del comercio, en especial del gnero Corchorus. Los tallos bejucosos de las asclepiadeeas y pasiflorceas, que tanto abundan, dan una seda vegetal que puede ser objeto de un comercio no despreciable. Las pitas se producen de la motua o agave el fique, de la Fourcroya, de las amarilidceas. Las urticceas herbceas producen el ramio, que es una de las sedas vegetales. La sansiviera es planta textil muy importante: la especie comercial debe tener las hojas cilindricas y manchadas de blanco, de la
los
;
The fibrous plants of the rich Colombian flora number more than one thousand. Doctor Santiago Corts enumerates them thus: The malvaceous produce cotton of several species in the warm lands. The stems of the herbaceous mallows yield long fibres, which are silky and tough, like hemp. From
the tillaceous family comes the jute of commerce, especially the genus Corchorus. The pliable reeds of the asclepiadaceous and parsifloraceous plants, which abound so much, give a flber which may properly be called vegetable silk and that should be a commercial product not to be disregarded. The sisis are produced from the Agave; the henequn, from the Fourcroya, of the amarilidaceous family. From the herbaceous urticceas is produced the ramie, which is another vegetable silk. The sansiviera is a very important fiber plant; the commercial species is distinguished by its cylindrical leaves stained with white (Stukyi). Flax, which yields the fine fiber for linen cloth and also the seed for making the oil used in painting, grows luxuriantly in the cold and temprate eliraates of Colombia. The inhabitants of that American Edn should wear cheap linen and silk. The best known fibers for cordage ad twine and for
cables especially used in ships, proceed from flax, hemp, mallows, and from tiliaceous plants. Some leaves of palmtrees are notable in this respect, above all the cu-mare and chiquichique found in the oriental plains, which yield
fibers of fine quality.
clase Stukyi.
La linaza, de donde proceden el lino y el aceite de la pintura al leo, crece en admirable fecundidad en las tierras fras y templadas de los Andes colombianos. De lino barato y de sedas deberamos vestir los moradores de este edn americano. Las fibras ms notables para cordelera y cables, en las maniobras marinas especialmente, salen de la linaza, del camo, de las malvas y de las tiliceas. Las hojas de las palmeras son notables a este respecto, sobresaliendo por la calidad de sus fibras el cumare y el chiquichiqui, de los
,
El camo llamado de Manila se extrae del vastago de vai'ios pltanos o musceas: no es delicada la fibra, aunque tiene un brillo sedoso notable. Con este manila y con el yute se fabrican damascos, imitacin de seda, y alfombras. El kapoc lana vegetal es la borra que envuelve las semillas del rbol llamado lao o balso Ochroma. Cultivo ventajoso sera el de sorgo para escobas. Un decalitro de semillas por hectrea produce 1500 kilogramos de paja para escobas, es decir, materia prima para ms de 200 escobas, y 30 kilogramos de semillas. Las plantas productoras de caucho en Colombia son numerosas pertenecen a muchos gneros, distribuidos en
;
The
several
flber called
manila
is
trees or Musa family this fiber is not very Both manila and jute are delicate, despite its silky luster. eraployed in the manufacture of imitation Damasque
banana
and earpets. The kapoc, or vegetable wool, is the which envelops the seeds of the wool-tree or lana (Ochroma) A profitable cultivation in Colombia would be the sorghum for the manufacture of brooms. One decaliter of
silk cloth
fleece
Urticceas. Picus, Cecropia, Castilloa, Artocarpus y Brosimun. Euforbiceas. Hevea, Manihot, Excaecaria, Euphorbia, Capium, Micranda, Stillingia, Hippomane y Jatropha. AscLEPiADCEAS. Calotropis, Cynanchum, Periplopa, Cryptostegia, Macroscepis y Gonolobus. Apocinceas. Echites, Vehea, Hancornia, Forsteronia, Prestonia, Cerbera, Allamanda, Rauwolfla y Vallesia.
Campanulceas. Campnula,
seeds per hektare produces 1500 kilograms of straw, or enough to raake 200 brooms; also 30 kilograms of seeds. The commercial rubber plants or trees are numerous in Colombia they belong to many species, and are distributed among the following families Urticaceous Ficus, Cecropia, Castilloa, Artocarpus, and
;
Brosimun.
EuPHORBACEOUS
bia,
Sapium,
Lobelia.
Jatropha.
El ramio en los buenos terrenos, al borde del ro Bogot, da seis cosechas por ao sin irrigacin: su tallo alcanza una longitud de dos metros cincuenta centmetros, y la resistencia de su fibra es muy grande. En Indochina, donde se hacen actualmente las plantaciones ms importantes, no
105
AscLEPiADACEous Calotropis, Cynanchum, Periplopa, Cryptostegia, Macroscepia, and Conolobus. Apocinaceous Echites, Vahes, Hancornia, Forsteronia, Brestonia, Cerbera, Allamanda, Rauvolfia, and Vallesia. Campanulaceous Campnula, Lobelia.
In good soils, as on the borders of the Bogot river, the ramie yields six crops a year without irrigation the stems reach a length of 2.50 meters, and the toughness of its ber is very great. In Indo-China, where most of the planting is done, it only gives two cuttings a year, and that with the
;
fibra
in-
En teresante este cultivo en la zona tropical del pas. cuanto al yute, ste alcanza una altura doble a la de la que tiene en su pas de origen, con la nica diferencia de que en Colombia da dos cortes en el ao. La cosecha demora tres meses, y la calidad de los terrenos es igual a la del de los apropiados para el ramio.
CAFE DE COLOMBIA
mayor cantidad de
Brasil, Colombia es el pas que exporta caf. Se puede estimar esta exportacin en 1,000,000 de sacos, producido por ciento veinticinco millones de cafetos, que, avaluados a treinta centavos ($0.30), daran treinta y siete y medio millones de pesos
help of artificial irrigation. The greater part of the lands of the Magdalena river basin could not be better for this kind of cultivation, which, if vvorked on a large scale, would give extraordinary results. There is no special knowledge necessary; the planting is simply done in lines with intervening furrov^s made with a spade. The recent invention for the extraction of this fiber by a chemical process makes its cultivation exceedingly important for the tropical climate of the country. Regarding jute, this reaches in Colombia a height double that in its native country, with the only difference that in Colombia it gives two cuttings a year. The crop is gathered three months after planting, and the quality of the soil is the same as that fit for ramie.
Despus del
COFFEE IN COLOMBIA
Next to Brazil, Colombia is the largest exporter of coffee. The exports amount to about 1,000,000 bags, produced by
125,000,000 coffee trees. If these are valued at 30 cents (gold) each, the capital invested in this industry amounts Consequently, coffee is the most imto 37,500,000 dollars. portant industry in the country. The Colombian coffee, after roasted and prepared, yields 25 per cent more than the Brazilian. mixture of the two will soften the bitter taste of the latter and improve its aroma considerably. 100 kilos of coffee in berries produce 25 kilos of parchment coffee
Es pues
la industria
ms
importante que tiene el pas. El caf de Colombia, tostado y preparado, rinde 25% ms que el del Brasil. Mezclado con ste, le suaviza el sabor aere que tiene, y le mejora notablemente el aroma.
100 kilos de caf en cereza producen 25 kilos de caf pergamino 100 kilos de caf pergamino producen 84 kilos de caf trillado 100 kilos de caf trillado producen 80 kilos de caf tostado
coffee,
coffee, thrashed,
Caf
del Brasil
24
9 3
Agua
Cafena
18 16
1
Colombian 24
9
Brazilian
Water
Caffein
18 16
1
Azcar
Principios grasos
7
11
3 7 22
5
3 9 7
9 18 12
3
7
11
Ceniza
Colorantes y varios inapreciables
Sugar Fat Dextrine Tannic acid CeUulose Ashes Coloring matter and sundry traces
3 7 22
5
3 9 7 9 18 12 7
100
100
100
100
Tomando como
Moka
Java
Liberia
21
20
18 17 15 15 14 14
Honduras Jamaica
Venezuela
Brasil
14 14 13 J4 13
13
Moka
Java
.
21
.
20
18 17 15 15 14 14
Liberia
14 14 13J^
13 13
Guatemala
Mjico
No. 7
12}^ 10
Guatemala Mxico
12J^ 10
Colombia
Venezuela
Guatemala
Salvador. Indias Holandesas. Otros pases
Hait
Jamaica
Singapore
Colombia.
Venezuela.
Guatemala.
Salvador.
.
British Indies.
Dutch
Indies.
Jamaica
Singapore.
.
Other countries
106
Approximate Production
Anolaima
in Sacks of 63 Kilograms of
of Colombia
4,000 12,000 2,000 5,000 16,000 4,200 2,000 5,500 1,500 37,000 2,800
Anapoima
Arbelez
Amaga
Andes Anserma
Arboledas Bolvar Betania
Nimainaa.
600
1,200 3,400 1,800 5,000 13,500 5,800 2,300 2,000 4,800 10,000 6,000 4,500 10,500
Chaparral
Salgar
Nocaima
Neiva Pacho Paime
Pandi.
Chimbe
Chincota Fusagasug
Santa Marta
Socorro
San Gil
Salazar.
600
3,500 2,000 1,000 40,000 3,000 10,000 15,000 6,000 1,000 180,000 5,000 2,500
Guaduas Guayabal
Gachal Girn Gigante loononzo
Jeric
Tibacuy
Topaipi
La Palma
Pueblorrico
Pitalito
Tmesis
Titirib
Bucaramanga Bochalema
Pamplona
Quipile
Cumaca
Cunday.
Concordia
800
.
800
2,000
La Mesa
Melgar
Nilo
Valparaso. Venadillo.
500
3,500
Yacopi. Zapatoca.
.
LA INDUSTRIA BANANERA
De Santa Marta a Cinaga hay una extensin, toda recorrida por ferrocarril, de 34 kilmetros, cultivada a uno y otro lado de la lnea con plantaciones de cacao, caa de azcar, pltano comn, y esto embellecido con diversas Slo especies de rboles frutales de exquisita seleccin. existe en esta zona una extensin relativamente considerable de guineo en la finca Papare, donde tiene cultivadas su dueo ciento veinte hectreas. De Cinaga a Riofro hay 13% kilmetros de la misma lnea ferrocarrilera. En esta zona, que est toda cultivada con guineo, slo hay un trayecto de dos kilmetros no cultivados por su condicin salitrosa; estos terrenos pertenecen al Distrito de Cinaga. orillas del ro de su nombre existe la nueva poblacin de Riofro, la cual tiene hoy aproximadamente dos mil habitantes y ha nacido a impulso de la industria bananera. Vese en este lugar la influencia benfica de las aguas con -que est enriquecida esta regin, como que en sus moradores obsrvanse la alegra que da la salud y el bienestar consiguientes a una vida fcil, pues toda esa regin, como es sabido, es de una fecundidad que slo exige un ligero corta distancia de la poblacin de esfuerzo humano. Riofro est la acequia Goetiaga, y a 700 metros se encuentra un hermoso puente con estribos de un sistema moderno, perteneciente a la lnea del ferrocarril. En Riofro
located
by the
river that
its
ame
due
it
bellas fincas de la "United," en donde y muchos empleados; tiene 2680 hectreas de terreno cultivado en produccin, cada una de las En este cuales produce por trmino medio 600 racimos. distrito hay cultivadores particulares que tienen entre todos
existe
una de
las
ms
hay lujosos
edificios
banana industry. At this place may be observed the good effect of the waters and fertility with which this regin is favored, plainly shown by the cheerful mien of the inhabitants as a consequence of good health and an easy life for, as is well known, the soil exacts only light labor from man to yield plentiful returns. A short distance from Riofro is the Goenaga canal, and 700 meters beyond is seen a fine railway bridge resting on modern piers, which is the property of the railroad. At Riofro is located one of the finest estates of the United Fruit Company, with handsome buildings occupied by
growth
is
to the
many employees
it
contains about
it
under cultivation, and each hektare yields on an average 600 bunches of bananas. Some prvate cultivators have
here about 4000 hektares in full production. Continuing from Riofro in the direction of Sevilla, along the railroad line, the Orihueca brook is f ound and 1300 meters beyond, the Latal brook. The Sevilla river is 6y2 kilometers from Latal and 65 from Santa Marta. This
;
cerca de 4000 hectreas en produccin. Continuando de Riofro en direccin de Sevilla, siempre sobre la carrilera, encuntrase la quebrada de Orihueca, y a 1300 metros la quebrada del Latal. El ro Sevilla queda distante de la quebrada del Latal 6% kilmetros, y 65 de Santa Marta. Aquel ro slo puede dar la cantidad suficiente de agua para regar la regin del Latal a Sevilla, que es aproximadamente 1200 hectreas. Sevilla tiene un hospital encerrado por mallas de alambre que permiten la ventilacin constante, e impiden la entrada de los mosquitos. Tiene este distrito 1700 hectreas, cuya produccin media es igual a la de Riofro. Despus del ro Sevilla, y a 13 kilmetros est el ro Tucurinca, o sea en el kilmetro 78. Esta regin es de-
is only sufficient to irrgate the regin between the Latal and Sevilla, which covers 1200 hektares. The hospital at Sevilla is a fine structure enclosed in wire-netting, which allows a good ventilatiou and keeps
river
out the mosquitoes. The 1700 hektares of this district produce about as much as that of Riofro. After the Sevilla This river comes the Tucurinca, distant 14 kilometers.
masiado angosta.
kilmetros de Tucurinca, y siguiendo la carrilera, Estos dos ros se unen para desemest el ro Aracataca. bocar en los desparramaderos de Cinaga^ande. Excepcin hecha de una extensin de 400 hectreas sobre la orilla derecha del Aracataca y a 4 kilmetros del ferrocarril, el resto del terreno comprendido entre los dos ros es utilizable para el cultivo de pastos.
seis
zone is too narrow. Six kilometers beyond the Tucurinca, along the railroad, the forraer, disis the Aracataca river, which, joined to land located between The Cinagagrande. charges into rea of about an exeeption of the these two rivers, with and 4 Aracataca, the of bank right the 400 hektares on pasture as used could be railway, the from kilometers
107
land.
fully cultivated
Aracataca has, like the others, carefields, 2400 hektares; it also has 1500 hektares of pasture land. Adjoining this district
district of
The
banana
there are
many
ing
La Bogotana,
private plantations, the principal ones beof 250 hektares, owned by Mr. A. Boi-da
hektares, of Gen.
La Colombiana, 280
Benjamn Herrera Andaluca, 250 hektares, of Mr. E. Troconis Armenia and Gato Bravo, 150 hektares, of the Campo f amily and the plantation of La Compaa Inmobilaria y Agrcola de
; ;
Colombia, with 800 hektares. Next comes the Fundacin river. which is the most important, having a depth of 2^-2 feet in the driest season, and not less than 120 feet in width. The rea between this river and the Aracataca is estimated at 15,000 hektares it is all good for banana cultivation, and can be irrigated by both rivers, besides having a natural drainage through the Macaraquilla brook. The banana regin traversed by the railroad is therefore watered by the following rivers: Riofro, Sevilla, Tucurinca, Aracataca, and Fundacin, besides many small brooks. These waters, of great purity, carry no hai'mful germs, but healthful and life-giving elements, as they spring from the lofty Sierra Nevada and empty their almost virgin waters into the Cinaga of Santa Marta. Banana planting is done by cutting at the root a stock having two or three shoots, which is then planted, usually These stocks give out, after they grow, in new grounds. two or three saplings, which, if left alone, would rob the plant of its strength. They are lopped o once a month. Only one shoot is left with each plant the former does the yielding after the latter is cut down to gather the bunches. Each stock has two, three, four or more plants in produc; ;
tion,
according to the fertility of the soil. The stocks are placed at a distance of 2 meters apart in true alignment, thus forming avenues through which one can easily walk. The United Fruit Company has made contracts with private growers to purchase all their fruit under the proviso
that they should not
sell
to a third party.
When
these
planters lack
plant, the
money
when
re-
company lends them the money required. The bunch (80 hauds of 10 bananas each, Exporters buy the fruit at the at least) is 35 cents. freight per bunch to the rail10 cents plantation and pay The cost of clearing, planting, draining, etc., until road.
first crop is gathered (at the end of nine months) is $1000 for 10 hektares. The 10 hektares yield 2000 bunches The a month, which, sold at 30 cents each, give $600. years in the hektare each of maintenance annual cost for
the
following
is
Ninety per cent, of the banana produced in the regin of Santa Marta belongs to the United Fruit Company, an American corporation, which is constantly addiug to its
property.
Earth & Ca. y otros ms establecieron tambin este cultivo. En 1898 la LTnited Fruit Co. compr parte de tales haciendas y empez exportaciones hasta de 15,000 racimos mensuales. De 1905 en adelante extendi esta compaa sus plantaciones y adquiri nuevas fincas. La exportacin
aetiial es
de 140,000 racimos semanales, o sean 600,000 ms al mes, que dan un producto medio de 180,000 dlares, calculados a 30 centavos. An no se ha establecido industria ninguna para la explotacin de las cepas y hojas del banano, que contienen
o
menos
Mr. Manuel Gonzlez, of the firm of Gonzlez & Co., of first to establish the banana industry Later on the firm of Earth & Co. and in Santa Marta. others followed in his tracks. In 1898 the United Fruit Company took over the greater part of these estafes and began to export about 15,000 bunches a month. Since 1905 the company has been extending its plantations and bunches aequiring new ones. The present export is 140.000
Barranquilla, was the
30 or about 600,000 a month. which, figured at cents, produce about 180,000 dollars. Nothing has been done so far to utilize the trunks and
a week,
108
leaves of the banana tree, which contain raw material for making cordage, paper, cardboard, and textiles.
JENGIBRE
Santo Toms, el camino principia a ascender, el sendero va a lo largo de florestas y de lomas vestidas de yerbas y baadas por arroyos, en donde pude observar que el ganado est en mejor condicin que en los Llanos. Fui muy agradablemente sorprendido esa maana al hacer el importante descubrimiento de que el jengibre es silvestre en estas localidades. Segn creo, esta planta no ha sido jams hallada en estado verdaderamente silvestre, y se haba credo por muchos aos que era oriunda de la zona sudeste tropical de Asia. En todas las cercanas del terreno que bamos recorriendo, se encuentra silvestre y en grandsima abundancia. "Por investigaciones posteriores he sabido que crece silvestre, cubriendo grandes reas, en las colinas bajas de la Sierra Nevada y tambin en varias otras partes de la Cordillera Oriental. Es ste otro laurel ms para Suramrica, y para Colombia en particular, pues la teora de que el jengibre era nativo de la zona tropical del sudeste de Asia debe abandonarse y drsele el crdito a Colombia. A la quina, que tambin abunda silvestre en Sierra Nevada, al cacao, tambin indgena del Departamento del ^Magdalena, a la patata, a varias clases de caucho, al tabaco, etc., hay que agregar el jengibre a los productos econmicos con que Suramrica abastece al mundo. La importancia comercial de este descubrimiento estriba en el hecho de existir una inmensa fuente de un valioso producto, listo para explotarlo inmediatamente, para establecer adems una nueva industria local en la recoleccin y preparacin de l raz. Considero este descubrimiento de grande importancia, y he ordenado un inmediato embarque de media tonelada de esta valiosa raz para enviarla a los mercados extranjeros con el objeto de obtener informes de su valor comercial en comparacin con el de la raz cultivada. "Se sabe que el jengibre es una planta caprichosa en su adaptacin al suelo en que crece, y la raz ms estimada es la que se produce en Jamaica, a donde probablemente fu llevada de Suramrica, y no del Este. El hecho de que el jengibre es indgena aqu se prueba, porque no slo el suelo, sino el clima, es tambin adecuado; queda nicamente a los jjlantadores establecer su cultivo como industria agronmica. "He observado que la raz de la planta cultivada es como el doble en tamao de la silvestre. Sin embargo, debo agregar una palabra de alerta para que sirva de prevencin a los cultivadores, a saber: cualquiera que sea el mtodo que se emplee, las races deben estar perfectamente desecadas y blanqueadas antes de empacarlas, o de lo contrario pueden llegar al mercado de su destino en condicin decada o enmohecidas, lo que traera contrariedades y desilusiones desde su comienzo." (Extracto del informe del seor M. T. Dawe sobre el Departamento del ^Magdalena, abril de 1917.) En oficio del seor Dawe al Ministerio de Agricultura y Comercio, de fecha 11 de mayo del presente ao, dice lo siguiente respecto de este mismo asunto "Tengo el honor de remitir a usted un extracto de una carta particular recibida de Sir David Prain, del Jardn Botnico Real de Kew. Las observaciones de Sir David
salir de
GINGER
"On leaving Santo Toms, the road begins to ascend, running through large forests and grassy hillsides watered by streams. There I observed that cattle are in better condition than in the Llanos. That morning I was agreeably surprised by the discovery that ginger grows wild there. That plant, I think, had never been found in a truly wild State, and for many years it had been thought to be native of the southeast of tropical Asia. Throughout the ueighborhood of the road \ve were following it is found wild and
in large quantities.
"Al
"By further investigation I learned that it grows wild over vast reas in the lower hills of Sierra Nevada, as well as in other parts of the Eastern Cordillera. This is one
especially for Colomthe theory that ginger originated in the southeast of tropical Asia must be abandoned, and credit given to Colombia. To Peruvian bark, which also grows wild in large quantities in Sierra Nevada; to cacao, also wild in the Debia
;
partment of Magdalena to the potato to several varieties of rubber to tobceo, etc., ginger must be added as one of the products with which South America supplies the world. The commercial importance of this discovery consists in the
;
fact that
it
shipment of half a ton of the root, to send it to foreign markets in order to obtain Information as to its commercial valu as eompared with the cultivated product. "It is known that ginger is a whimsical plant as regards its adaptation to the soil, and the most valued root is the one coming from Jamaica, to which place it probably was taken from South America and not from the East. The fact that ginger is native here is provec by the circumstance that not only the soil, but the climate as well, is adapted to it. The only thing that agriculturists have to do is to undertake its cultivation as an industry. I have observed that the root of the cultivated plant is about twice the size of that of the wild plant. However,
' '
Prain, en
la
I must add a word of caution as a warning to planters; namely whatever the method used, the root must be perfeetly dried and bleached before packing; otherwise it may reach its destination spoiled or moldy, which will cause trouble and disappointment." (From Mr. M. T. Dawe's Report on the Department of Magdalena, April, 1917). In a report submitted by Mr. Dawe to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce on Jlay 11 of this year, he says about the same subject: "I have the honor to send j'ou an abstract of a personal letter written by Sir David Prain, of the Royal Botanieal Carden of Kew. 1 know you will be interested in his remarks concerning the place where ginger originallj^ came from. However, before this problem can be defiuitivelj'
:
de inters para usted. Sin embargo, antes de que este asunto tenga una solucin definitiva, se requiere un estudio con relacin a la historia de esta planta en Sura-
yo
lo s,
solved,
it is
necessary to
make a study
of the plant as
it
grows
in
South America.
I
mrica.
"Mientras he estado escribiendo mi informe, del cual le envo el adjunto extracto, ha venido a mi conocimiento que el jengibre se encuentra en estado silvestre en Venezuela, cerca de Caracas, en Panam y en Boyae, cerca del Cocuy. Se me dice que los indios acostumbran traer la raz y
109
report, of which I send you the enhave been informed that ginger is found in the wild state near Caracas, Venezuela, in Panam, and near Cocuy in the Department of Boyae. I have been told that the Indians take the root to Panam, where they sell it for making ginger chicha (a beverage)."
"While writing my
closed abstract,
"The
rived, before.
Sir David Prain to Mr. Dawe is dated year, and the part transmitted reads account of ginger in the wild state in Colombia is
most interesting.
ar-
and that
why
"Its being native of South America raises the question when it was first introduced into the Od World. "This vegetable was known in Europe from the time of the Greeks and Romans, being oiie of the produets imported into Rome by way of the Red Sea, through Alexandria, in the second century of our era. It is said that the plant was one of those paying duties in Acre, Palestine, in 1173 in Barcelona, Spain, in 1221 in Marseilles in 1228, and in Pars in 129C. "If it is native of the New World, it must have been taken to the Od World long before the discovery of America. "On the other hand, you are entirely right in staling that it has never been found wild in the Od World, and that
as to
;
;
its
origin
say unknoum, so f ar as the eastern hemisphere is concerned. "But even so, its abundant occurrence in the wild state in the New World does not prove conelusively that it originated there for in Brazil we have the case of Hedychwtn coronarium, which was recently introduced from Asia, and now eovers large reas of Brazilian land much larger than it ever covered in anj' part of India.
;
'
SALINAS
Mina de sal al sudeste de Nemocn y ZipaProduce al ao ah-ededor de mil toneladas de sal. Hace poco tiempo fu descubierto en el socavn lumbrera que se construa en la salina, un depsito de agua salada cuyo rendimiento es de unos cuatrocientos pesos oro menSesquil.
quir.
suales.
some $400 worth of salt every month. The mine of this ame is the most important one in the Department of Antioquia. It belongs to a prvate company. The analysis gives:
Heliconia
Heliconia. La salina de este nombre es la ms importante del Departamento de Antioquia. Pertenece a una compaa particular. La composicin de la sal es:
Agua
Cloruro de sodio Sulfato de calcio Cloruro de calcio Cloruro de magnesio xido de hierro
Water
Chloride of sodium Sulphate of caleium Chloride of caleium Chloride of magnesium
.'
18.90%
80 .95%
5
.'
.56%
.
4 .01%
18.90% 80.95%
5
.
25%
Oxide of iron
0.24%
56%
4.01%
.25% .24%
Much fuel is consumed because the brine has only 5 Baum and consequentlj' it is necessary to evaprate 95%
of water.
situated in the province of Gutirrez to the nation. It is loeated at the confluence of the Chiribaque and Casanare rivIt ers, distant 31.5 myriameters (196 miles) from Bogot. has several springs, the principal ones being:
Se consume mucho eombiistible, porque el agua sal slo contiene 5^ del aremetro de Baum, y por consiguiente hay necesidad de evaporar un 95% de agua. Salina de Chita. Salina de propiedad nacional en la Provincia de Gutirrez (Departamento de Boj-ac). Queda en la confluencia de los ros Chiribaque y Casanare dista de Bogot 31 mirimetros y 5 kilmetros. Tiene varias fuentes, de las cuales son principales:
Chita
This mine,
Concen-
Liters
Name
Pozogrande
tration
Temperature
per
Density
Salt Yield
Baum
20 22 20
Minute
11.927 16.765 82.500 81.250 1.142 1.160 1.151 1.126
Caneentran
Temperatura
Litros por
Densi-
20 22 20
16
dad
1.142 1.160 1.151 1 126
.
Sal mensual
C. C. C. C.
La capacidad productora de los hornos de la salina de Chita es suficiente para 23,000 arrobas por mes. El agua sale a una temperatura termal de hasta 60 grados cenHay en esta seccin del Casanare varias otras tgrados. fuentes saladas que brotan en el lecho mismo del ro si se cortara el ro arriba de esa parte, abriendo otra va en la roca, sera probablemente sta una de las salinas ms ricas de Sur-Amrica.
;
The producing
arrobas a month. 60 C.
at a
temperature of
There are in this section of Casanare other salt springs which is.sue out of the bed rock of the river so that if the river were cut above that point, making a new channel for it through the rock, these springs would very likely become one of the largest salt sources in South America.
;
110
Zipaquir Mines. The salt banks of Zipaquir are at a of 106 meters above the savanna of Bogot, and at an altitude of 2,746 meters above the sea. The hill of Chipa or Zipa, which rises above Zipaquir, consists of a eoal-turf. The formation of the mountain of Zipaquir comprises a blackish schist impregnated with salt, earthy lime and pyrites, all of which indcate salt-bearing lands. The mines and salt-springs are symmetrically disposed in a parallel direction to the Oriental Cordillera. These are: Pinzaima, Zipaquir, Nemocn, Tausa, Sesquil, Gacheta, Medina, Chita, Chmeza, and Recetor. In 1868 Dr. Manuel de Jess Quijano arrived at the volume of salt banks of Zipaquir thus: Pollowing the measurements of Humboldt, he supposed a truncated cone having a base of 2,500 meters diameter, an altitude of 250 meters, and a diameter at the upper section equal to 1,000 meters. Prom these he figured the volume as 583,990,400 cubic meters. Then he cut out a block of one cubic decimeter, weighed it, and found that it weighed 2,250 grams whence he concluded that the weight of the banks was 105,105,492,208 arrobas, or 1,313,height
;
in "Travels and Adventures of an Orchid Hunter," in describing the mine caves, writes:
"The
sight of these immense vaults is truly magnificent. Drops of water cover here and there the roof with thou-
una
sands of stalactites, of as many forms of beauty as the imagination can crate at the same time the crystals of the sides dazzle the spectator with the illusion of having entered into a palace of rock salt or into a gallery of dia;
as
una muestra de
88 .91% 00 .03%
monds."
la sal
Dr. Liborio Zerda analyzed a sample of Zipaquir and obtained the following results:
Chloride of sodium Chloride of magnesium Sulphate of calcium Sulphate of sodium Insoluble matter
salt
00.05% 00.09%
01
.
Materia insoluble
10%
00.09%
01
.
Agua
Prdida
09 .60%
10%
00.22%
100.00%,
Water
Loss
09 .60%
00.22%
100.00%
Los socavones de la salina de Zipaquir son espaciosos salones poligonales, sostenidos por bvedas excavadas en la roca salitrosa y comunicados entre s. ltimamente se inaugur un saturador que tiene capacidad para unos 25,000
decalitros.
se han introducido mejoras muy notables en procedimientos de explotacin. El valor de la sal existente en Zipaquir se ha calculado en 360,000,000 de dlares. Las capas de carbn son anteriores a la formacin del
ltimamente
los
The galleries of the mines of Zipaquir are spacious polygonal halls supported by arches excavated in the rock Lately a saturator was insalt and connected together. stalled here, having a capacity of 25,000 decaliters. The valu of the salt existing at Zipaquir has been estimated at a valu of $360,000,000. The coal layers are older than the salt-bearing formation.
depsito salfero.
at Zipaquir:
crys-
Zipaquir se encuentra dolomita en especie cristalizada; adems se encuentra sulfato de cal, de la especie karstenita o anhidrita, de color blanco, violeta, gris y rosado. El yeso es uno de los minerales ms comunes en esta seccin del pas; la calcita en forma de espato de Islandia y la calcita rombodrica en cristales de varios colores y la calcita bacilar, lo mismo que el lignito o azabache, son minerales inexplotados en esta privilegiada y rica seccin del territorio colombiano.
En
counti-y; there is the rhombohedral variety, in crystals of different colors, and the filamentary; finally jet; but none of these minerals is exploited in this section of Colombia.
gray and pink. Gypsum in this part of the also calcite in the form of leeland spar,
common minerals
CRUDE
EL PETRLEO EN COLOMBIA
La existencia de petrleo en varias partes de la Nueva Granada llam la atencin del clebre explorador Alejandro
Humboldt. Gelogos de primer orden, de diferentes pases, visitaron las regiones de Tubar, Sin, etc. Bajo la competente direccin de Prank M. Kiser se practicaron perforaciones de ms de tres mil pies en Tubar y sus inmediaciones. El resultado de esas perforaciones fu obtener una produccin diaria de 200 barriles, los cuales disminuyeron
111
OIL IN COLOMBIA
The existence of petroleum in different parts of New Granada attraeted the attention of the celebrated explorer Alexander von Humboldt. Prominent geologists of different countries visited afterwards the regions of Tubar, Sin, etc. Under the wise direction of Mr. Prank M. Kiser, drillings of over three thousand feet were made at Tubar and its environments, the result of which was a daily production of 200 barris. This production diminished afterwards, varying between 15 and 20 barris. In the last 100
poco mayor.
La rectifcacin del petrleo de Tubar ha dado 45% de gasolina, 45% de kerosene y 10% de residuos aprovechaun porcientaje de 30% ms en gasolina que fuentes de otros pases. Las perforaciones verificadas en la Costa han demostrado la existencia de una capa de aluvin, de 500 a 600 pies de espesor, que dificulta en gran manera la perforacin. En 1915 se practicaron extensas investigaciones geolLa ms detallada se hizo gicas en casi toda la repblica. del Carare hacia el sur, hasta Neiva, por el Sr. P. A. Alig y el Sr. K. D. AVhite, mientras Stanley C. Herold haca reconocimientos de la Costa hacia el Carare y en la regin petrolfera de Santander, especialmente en el valle del
bles; es decir,
las
The analysis of the oil of Tubar has given 45% of gasoline; 45% of kerosene, and 10% of useful residues. This shows a pereentage of gasoline of 30% more than the oil of other eountries. The drillings niade near the Atlantic coast have demonstrated the existence of a stratum of alluvium from 500 to 600 feet thiek, vehieh interferes with the drilling. In 1915 were made extensive geolgica! explorations
nearly throughout the country. The most minute one was made in the Carare, southward as far as Neiva, by Mr. P. A. Alig and ilr. K. D. White; while at the same time Mr. Stanley C. Herold made investigations from the coast towards the Carare also in the oil regin of Santander, especially in the basin of the Catatumbo river. The strata of petroleum in the ground explored by Mr. Alig are comprised between the Central and the Oriental Cordilleras, in a width of about 100 kilometers. The Unes of upheaval and fracture, which have a strike of 10 degrees to the east, are found at a distauce of from 15 to 20 kilometers. In the line of contact of the igneous and sedimentary strata (1 to 3 kilometers) there are found some deposits of hydrocarbons this line follows in a northerly direction, 10 degrees east, passes near Mariquita and then north near Lrida, Venadillo, San Luis, Ortega and Cha;
;
Catatumbo. Los estratos petrolferos en el terreno estudiado por el Sr. Alig estn comprendidos entre la Cordillera Central y la Oriental, en una anchura aproximada de cien kilmetros. Los levantamientos y lneas de fraccin con curso norte, 10 grados al oriente, se hallan a una distancia de 15 a 20 kilmetros. En la lnea de contacto de los estratos gneos
y sedimentarios
grados
este,
(1 a 3 kilmetros), en direccin norte, 10 que pasa por cerca de ilariquita y sigue por el norte hasta cerca del Banco, y hacia el sur, por Lrida. Venadillo, San Luis, Ortega y Chaparral, hay yacimientos de hidrocarburos. La primera lnea de fraccin se encuentra al pie de la Cordillera del Sargento, con el mismo curso de la lnea de contacto. En esa lnea de fraccin hay grandes yacimientos de hidrocarburos y fuentes sulfricas. Los estratos petrolfieos se encuentran en capas alternativas con inclinaciones norte 10 grados este y de 20 a 26 grados del horizonte. La ltima capa reposa sobre la formacin calcrea del perodo Eoceno. En la regin del Carare han comenzado ya las perforaciones y en breve comenzarn otras ms al sur. Esas perforaciones tendrn de 2,000 a 3,500 pies de profundidad. El norte del Departamento del Tolima y la regin de la hoya de los ros Catatumbo, Tarra y Sardinata, en el Departamento de Santander del Norte, son comarcas particularmente ricas en petrleo que se hallan an
parral.
The
first
fracture line
it
is
found
follows the same course as the line of conIn this fracture line are found large deposits of hytact. The oil-bearing drocarbons and also sulphur springs.
Sargento, and
found in altrnate layers with a north strike of 10 degrees east, and a dip of from 20 to 26 degrees. The lowest layer rests on the limestone formation of the
strata are
Eocene period.
Drilling has already started in the regin of Carare, and others will commence soon farther south. These drillings
have a depth of from 2000 to 3500 feet. The northern part of the Department of Tolima and the basins of the rivers Catatumbo, Tarra and Sardinata, in the Department of Santander del Norte, are particularly rich
will
in oil deposits,
inexplotadas.
Colombia es uno de los centros petrolferos ms importantes del mundo, tal vez el ms importante por su posicin geogrfica y por su riqueza. "Es un verdadero lago de petrleo," al decir de tcnicos muy hbiles.
which are as yet undeveloped. Colombia is one of the most promising fields for erude oil perhaps the most important, considering its geographi"It is a real lake of cal position and its wealth in oils. crude oil," according to the opinin of experts.
;
Kilos
2,723 2,601 5,600 1,378 5,106 1,749 6,860 2,224 5,459 1,941 6,190 2,498 7,680 2,891 12,642 10,819 14,546 11,782 2,380 2,773 17
Gramos
500 038
854 573 041 515 608 360 645 700 013 427 294 372 366 500 237 303 800
500
S
Valor
Sl,046,515.50
Totales
Kilos
2,723 2,601 5,600 1,378 5,106
1,749
Grams
500 038
Valu
$1,046,515.50 570,420.38 2,186,539.00 518,925.45 2,136,284.34 741,467.27 2,866,293.40 980,581.55 2,140,912.96 847,798.49 2,293,568.90 1,076,384.97 2,464,834.38 1,296,999.04 6,634,913.89 4,100,114.80 4,746,153.62 4,308,621.73 1,097,046.32 38,570.22 2,410.00 6,500.00
Tolals
En barras En polvo En barras En polvo En barras En polvo En barras En polvo En barras En polvo En barras En polvo En barras En polvo En conjunto .. En conjunto .. En conjunto En barras En polvo En precipitado. En pedazos. ... En amalgama.
.
.
1905
$1,616,936.88
Bars
Dust
1906
$1,616,936.88
2,705,465 .45
Bars
2,705,465.45
Dust
1907
854
573 041 515 608 360 645 700 013 427 294 372 366 500 237 303 800
Bars
741,467.27 2,866,293.40
980,581..55
2,877,741.61
Dust
190S\ Bars
2,877,741.61
3,8.36,874.95
3,836,874.95
Dust
1909
2,140,912.96 847,798.49 2,293,568.90 1,076,384.97 2,464,834.38 1,296,999.04 6,634,913.89 4,100,114.80 4,746,153.62 4,308,621.73 1,097,046.32
38,.570-22
Bars
2,988,711.35
Dust
1910
2,988,711.35 3,369,953.87
3,751,833.42 6,634,913.89 4,100,114.80 4,746,153.62
Bars
3.369,953.87
1911
Dust
Bars
Dust
1912 1913 1914 1915
AU
Dust
Precipitates. In pieces
. .
.
24
2,410.00 6,500.00
6,190 2,498 7,680 2,891 12,642 10,819 14,546 11,782 2,380 2,773 17
5,453,148.27
In amalgam..
24
500
5,453,148.27
112
cuprita.
Ibagu.
Los
en
los esquistos
horblndicos y clorticos. Se explotan como minerales de oro y plata. Su tenor en cobre alcanza a veces hasta el 20%; los cobres grises del Fresno son mucho ms pobres, pues su tenor desciende a veces hasta el 1 por 100. Lbano. Esta regin es principalmente aurfera y argentfera; sin embargo, hay unos filones de calcopirita en
Dolores. Los minerales de cobre de esta regin van siempre asociados a los de zinc y plomo. En algunos sitios se encuentra la calcopirita en fragmentos del tamao de una almendra, aglomerados por una pasta cristalina de
blenda.
este
SuMAPAZ. nombre
esjiecial:
la vertiente occidental del nevado de han encontrado algunas minas de carcter estn constituidas por numerosas venas sumase
En
mente angostas de cuarzo con calcopirita o con bornita, que ocupan los planos de exfoliacin de los esquistos clorticos. Hacia la vertiente oriental del nevado se han encontrado verdaderos filones con ganga cuarzosa que atraviesan los mismos esquistos.
su
La roca eruptiva de Sumapaz es una propilita cuarzosa: masa fundamental est formada por pequesimas agujas de actinota, qiie forman un fieltro o que se agrupan
perpendicularmente
;
rededor de los fenocristales, forson de plagioclasa y de granos de cuarzo; el granate rojo, en cristales microscpicos dispersos, figura como elemento accidental. Esta roca ha dislocado profundamente los pisos del cretoterciario superior que en esta localidad estn representados por una arenisca de labor semejante a la de Guadalupe, capas de slex crneo y una calcrea gris muy compacta con numerosas geodas de cuarzo. Debajo de esta formacin vienen los esquistos clorticos y las flades del antecretceo. QuTAME. Los llamados por Hettner "esquistos de Qutame" son rocas que han sufrido intenso metamorfismo dinmico y termal, y estn constituidas por areniscas muy silceas, cuarcitas y flades satinadas; hacen parte del te-, rreno denominado antecretceo. En estos esquistos se presentan terrenos cuarzosos con calcopirita y galena; en los pramos orientales de Boyac y en una formacin geolgica muy semejante se han encontrado tambin filones de calcopirita con ganga cuarzosa. Occidente de Cundinamarca. El terreno cretoterciario inferior ocupa una zona de considerable anchura al occidente de Cundinamarca en las pizarras de este terreno se presentan algunos filones cuyos signos distintivos son carencia de urgues, ganga de siderita esptica y mineralizaein en calcopirita; en algunos de ellos (como ocurre en los de Nocaima y Vergara) apenas hay pintas de mineral de cobre, y puede decirse que el filn es ntegro de siderita en otros (como en los de La Palma y Paime) abunda la calcopirita, que da un buen rendimiento de metal. La zona descrita se extiende hasta Muzo y Coper, y quizs ms al norte. En el terreno cretoterciario de la vertiente oriental de la cordillera, tanto en Cundinamarca como en Boyac, se han encontrado yacimientos semejantes. Carmen de Garufa. En esta localidad se presenta la calcopirita en nodulos en medio de la galena, de la cual
al
mando coronas
los f enocristales
Dolores The copper minerals of this regin are always associated with zinc and lead. At some places, chalcopyrite is found in nuggets as big as an almond, conglomerated in a matrix of crystallized hiende. Sumapaz On the western slope of the nevado of Sumapaz have been found some mines of especial character they consist of numerous narrow veins composed of quartz carrying chalcopyrite and bornite, which veins occupy the exfoliation planes of the chloritic schists. Towards the eastern slope of the mountain are found true fissure veins having a quartzose gangue and which cross the schists. The eruptive rock of Sumapaz is a quartzose propylite; its main body is formed by tiny needles of actinote, which either mat or are grouped perpendicularly around the phenocrystals in the shape of crowns. The phenocrystals are composed of plagioclase or of quai'tz graius. Red garnet is also found occasionally in microscopic crystals. This rock formation has fundamentally displaced the strata of the upper Cretotertiary, which in this locality are represented by a sandstone similar to that of Guadalupe, by layers of horny obsedian and by a gray limestone, the latter very corapact and abounding in quartz geodes. Under this formation are found the chloritic schists and the flade of the Antecretaceous. Qutame What Hettner called "Qutame Schists" are rocks which underwent a very strong dynamic and thermal metamorphosis and consist of highly silicious sandstones, quartzites and glossy flade. They are part of the formation called Antecretaceous. In these schists are met quartz lodes containing chalcopyrite and galena; in the paramos of eastern Boyac also have been found veins of chalcopyrite in a quartz gangue contained in a formation similar to the above. West op Cundinamarca The lower Cretotertiary formation occuijies a zone of considerable width to the west of Cundinamarca. In the slates of this locality are found some .veins the distinctive mark of which is absence of salvandas, a gangue of spathic siderite and mineralization in chalcopyIn some of them, as those that occur at Nocaima and rite. Vergara, there are hardly any traces of copper minerals; and it may be said that the vein is wholly of siderite in others, as in those of La Palma and Paime, a chalcopyrite abounds which gives a good yield of copper. The zone described extends as far as Muzo and Coper, and perhaps even farther north. Similar beds have been found in the Cretotertiary formation of the eastern slope of the Cordillera, both in Cundinamarca and Boyac. Carmen de Carupa In this locality the chalcopyrite appears in nodules amidst the galena, of which there are very large lodes. This galena is erossed in all directions by veins of hiende, which assume at times such a development that the other minerals disappear. In the Muzo regin and in general along the bed of the Minero river, the chalcopj'-
ll
forms a part of the emeraldiferous formations; it is found not only in the ceniceros (barren rock) 'lut also in the veins, forming a part of the gangue. MoNiQUiR The beds which the od Bnglish eompany exploited and which are now totally exhausted, consist of quite wide lodes situated in the sandstone of the Cretotertiary, having gangues of quartz and veins of chalcopyrite. To the north of the town have been found sound veins of bornite and chalcopyrite in the quartz gangue, crossing the sandstones of the locality and lying at a higher level than the limestones and soft slates. Bolvar The cupriferous regin, which in this part ot the ridges presents an especial aspect, extends over the upper part of the hills which seprate the beds of the Carare and Surez rivers, westward of the town of Bolvar and southeast of Vlez. The encasing rock is a blaek limestone
rite
the lower Cretotertiary placed in horizontal la'yers which, by erosin and the work of atmospheric agents, have taken capricious and queer shapes, such as castles, ruined towers and peaks of curious appearance, leaving labyrinths of crevices and passages among them. The mineral occupies the planes of stratification in regular layers from 1 to 20 centimeters thick. The roeks have cleavages almost normal to the beds of stratification, which are also mineralized, so that in them are also found deposit beds which are sometimes wider than the others. Nests are found at the intersection of these planes, some of which have produced masses up to 1 ton in weight. These layer-veins are welded to the walls and conIn the vertical joints is sometimes sist of chalcopyrite. of
found a gangue of
siderite
and
ealcite.
their geologieal position, by the nature of the beds and by the constituting minerals, it is seen that there exists a certain affiuity between these- beds and those of western
By
Cundinamarca.
calcita.
geolgica, por la naturaleza del yaciminerales constitutivos, se ve que hay cierta afinidad entre estos yacimientos y los del occidente de Cundinamarca. La zona de estas minas es muy extensa ocupa una superficie de varios kilmetros cuadrados, y est comprendida entre la cresta de la serrana .y el Valle de Cuevas. Ms al norte, en una posicin geolgica idntica en la misma roca y con los mismos caracteres de estructura, se encuentra En esta ltima la regin minera de la Paz y la Aguada. localidad las calcreas se encuentran atravesadas en todos sentidos por venas minsculas de malaquita y azurita, que dan a la roca un aspecto especial. OcAA. En los terrenos cristalinos de esta localidad, hacia la hoya del Catatumbo, y no lejos de las minas de estao, se encuentran filones de calcopirita, erisieola y cuprita en ganga cuarzosa. Del mismo tipo son los filones de xidos y sulfures que se encuentran en la cordillera de
Por su posicin
los
miento y por
The zone of these mines is very extensive, as it occupies a surface of several square kilometers and is comprised between the crest of the ridges and the Valley of Caves. Farther north, in an identical geographical position, in the same roeks and with the same character of structure, is
found the regin of Paz and Aguada. In this last locality the limestones are crossed in all direetions by minute veins of malaehite and azurite, which give the roeks a peculiar
aspect.
OcAA In the crystallized roeks of this locality, towards the bed of the Catatumbo and not far from the tin mines, are found veins of chalcopyrite, chrisocole and cuprite in a quartz gangue. The veins of oxides and sulphides which are found in the ridges of Pamplona belong to the same
type.
Valledupar Lately there have been found rieh layers of chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite in the clayey sehists which form the last spurs of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, and in the western slopes of the Sierras of Motilones
and Perij. Cerro Plateado In this mass of intrusive granites, numerous thin veins of chalcopyrite are to be found, which cross and ramify. This mineral is also found in lose lumps dissem^nated throughout the rock. The mineralization of this rock has some similarity with that of Huila. ANTioQmA Chalcopyrite is found in some mines of Antioquia as an essential mineral, together with other auriferous and argentiferous minerals, principally in the regions of Amalfi, Urrao, Armenia and Tmesis.
Pamplona. Valledupar.
encontrado ricos filones de calcopirita, bornita y calcosina en los esquistos arcillosos que forman los ltimos estribos de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y en el declive occidental de las sierras de Motilones y Perij. Cerro Plateado. En esta masa de granito intrusivo se encuentran numerosas vetas delgadas de calcopirita, que se cruzan y ramifican tambin se encuentra este mineral en porciones diseminadas en la roca; la mineralizacin de esta roca tiene alguna semejanza con la del Huila. Antioqul\. En algunas minas de Antioquia se encuentra la calcopirita como mineral esencial, junto con otros minerales aurferos o argentferos, principalmente en las minas de las regiones de Amalfi, Urrao, Armenia y Tmesis.
se
ltimamente
han
GYPSUM
is one of the most common minerals of Colombia. crystals come from the eastern part of perfeet The most Cundinamarca, Boyac and Cuenta also from the Zancudo
Gypsum
114
YESO
El yeso eS uno de los minerales ms comunes en el pas. Los cristales ms perfectos provienen del oriente de Cundinamarca, Boyac, Ceuta, los filones del Zancudo y la Hay yeso especular en Zipaquir, Cucunub, Goajira. Soacha, en el sur de Santander y en la Goajira. El yeso fibroso es abundante al sur de Bogot, en los pramos del oriente de Cundinamarea y en los terrenos calferos de Boyac. El yeso en estado compacto se encuentra en las mismas localidades, pero en menos abundancia. El yeso En terroso solamente lo hemos encontrado en la Goajira. ninguna parte del pas hemos podido conseguir el yeso lanceolar, tan comn en el terreno parisiense. {Minerales alcalinos y terrosos de Colcmibia. Ricardo
mine and from Goajira. Specular gypsum is found in Zipaquir, Cucunub, Soacha, southern Santander, and Goajira. The fibrous variety abounds in the regin south of Bogot, in the paramos of eastern Cundinamarea and in the limestones of Boyac. In the same places occurs the compact variety, but in less abundance. The earthy gypsum we have only found in the Goajira; but the lanceolate
speeies, so
common in the neighborhood of Paris, is not found in Colombia. (Alkaline and Earthy Hierais of Colomiia, by R. Lleras
Codazzi.)
PACKING-HOUSES
Law 21 of 1916 encourages the rapid establishment in the country of packing-houses and refrigerators for the exportation of meat. In conformity with this law, the goverument allows four per cent, interest annually on the capital invested in buildings and machinery to the companies establishing such enterprises on the Atlantic and Pacific coa.sts. This interest vs^ill be granted to such concerns as will start operations within a period of four years from the time when the law becomes effective. The government guarantees the interest on a capital not exceeding 500,000 dollars.
Lleras Codazzi.)
PACKING-HOUSES
La ley 27 de 1916 fomenta el pronto establecimiento en el pas de carniceras y refrigeradoras para la exportacin de carnes. Segn esta ley, la nacin reconoce un inters del 4 por ciento anual sobre el capital invertido en edificios y maquinarias a las compaas que establezcan en la costa atlntica y en la del Pacfico empresas de dicha clase. Dichos intereses se reconocern a las empresas que principien a funcionar dentro de cuatro aos, contados desde que entr en vigencia la ley 21. El gobierno garantiza inpor $500,000 oro. El gobierno de Colombia establecer en los puntos de las costas del Atlntico y d^l Pacfico que l seale y en cualesquiera otras regiones ganaderas donde la necesidad lo indique, gabinetes bacteriolgicos destinados al estudio de las enfermedades que sufra el ganado en las regiones indicadas, a determinar los medios preventivos y curativos correspondientes y a preparar las vacunas, sueros y medicamentos aplicables a la sanifieaein de las reses. Los estudios que se hagan sobre el particular sern publicados por cuenta de la nacin, en boletines que se distribuirn ampliamente entre los industriales. Durante los primeros cinco aos del establecimento de cualquier packing-house, sta pagar un peso por cada res hembra que beneficie. El producto de este impuesto ser destinado al sostenimiento de los gabinetes bacteriolgicos.
tereses hasta
lantic
in
The government of Colombia will establish, along the Atand Pacific coasts, at places that it may indcate, and
any other
cattle regions
where
it
may
be necessary, bac-
Uve
stock in the regions indicated, to determine the proper preventive and curative measures, and to prepare the vaccines,
The
be published at the expense of the government in buUetins, which will be widely distributed among persons engaged in For the first five years after the establishthis industry. ment of any packing-house, the latter shall pay $1 for each female animal killed. The proceeds of this tax will be used for the maintenance of the bacteriolgica! laboratories.
ROS
MS IMPORTANTES DE COLOMBIA
MosT Important Rivers of Colombia t
EL ORINOCO
El Orinoco es uno de los ms grandes ros de la Amrica Nace en Venezuela y marca en parte el lmite con Colombia desde la boca del Guaviare hasta su unin con Los aborel Meta, siendo navegable en todo este trayecto. En 1531 el genes lo llamaban Paragua (agua grande). primer explorador de este ro, Diego de Ords, lo llam Orinuca, voz tamanac que tiene probablemente el mismo Tiene este ro en algunos puntos dos leguas significado. de ancho cuando crece represa sus tributarios. La grande Orinoquia recoge 450 ros en una hoya lluviosa de 31,000 leguas cuadradas y curso de 430 leguas. Empieza a pertenecer a Colombia en su bifurcacin (Casiquiare), despus de 38 mirimetros de curso, en donde tiene 678 metros de ancho, hasta donde le entra el ro Meta. Su ancho antes de sus bocas es de medio mirimetro. Los principales afluendel Sur.
;
THE ORINOCO
one of the largest rivers in South America. and forms part of the boundary line between this republic and Colombia, 'om the mouth~o the Guaviare down to its junction with the Meta, being navigable throughout this section. The aborigines called The first explorer of this river, it Paragua (large waters). Diego de Ords, gave to it in 1531 the ame Orinuca, an Indian word which probably had the same meaning. In
is
The Orinoco
It rises in Venezuela,
is
2 leagues wide.
When
it
overflows
presses back the waters of its tributarles. The Orinoco regin gathers 450 rivers in a watershed of 31,000 square leagues and a length of 430 leagues. The Orinoco waters
from its branching of at the Casiquiare, 380 kilometers below its. souree, down to the mouth of the Meta river. At the point of branching, it is
the territory of Colombia
f
*En
cuanto
al
Magdalena, vase
el
in
Colombia."
115
LTBRO AZUL
tes son el Guaviare, el
DIO
Es exuberante
la
Just above
its
mouth,
it
has a width of
Abunda en
peces.
EL META
Se forma este majestuoso ro, verdadero brazo madre del Orinoco, de la unin de dos grandes desages el ro Negro y el Huniadca, en las llanuras de San Martn; aguas provenientes de la gran mesa oriental del pramo de Sumapaz. Mide 1200 kilmetros de curso y fecunda una hoya de 90,000 kilmetros cuadrados, cuyas tres cuartas partes son
:
The principal tributaries of the Orinoco are the Guaviare, Vichada, Meta and Arauea rivers. The vegetation on the banks of the river is most exuThe river berant, aaid the woods abound with animis.
itself
THE META
This majestic river, which in reality is the main branch of the Upper Orinoco, is fornied by two rivers, the Negro and the llumadea, in the San Martn plains, tlieir source being in the eastern ])lateau of the Snmapaz paramo. It has a lengtli of 1200 kilometers, and watei'sbed of 90,000 square kilometers, three-quarters of which consists of extensive plains having an rea equal to that of Italy. The velocity of the sti'cam in a distance of 172 leagues is 81 Throughout its eoui'se the, river centimeters per second. runs from southwest to northeast. The Meta joiiis fhe Orinoco below the rapids of the latter, a circnmstancc that makes it important for steam navigation, as it \vo\dd be possible to go this way from Bogot to Europe. The drop of the Meta is only 80 centimeters per league. uring tbe dry season, its waters are clear. The largest ti'ibutaries of the Meta are the Casanare, the Arauea, and the Pauto. After receiving the Casanare, the width of the Meta is 1500 meters, and its depth 25 feet. On botb sides of the river there are savannas where large
numliers of cattle are raised. One may go from the port of Barrign as far as Cabuyaro or Orocu, where there are small steam launches to continu down the IMeta as far as the Orinoco, on which large steamers sail from the Atures rapids down to the
Atlantic.
several nomadie Indian tribes, who are hostile men, scattered over the savannas of the Pauto and Casanare rivers.
dilatada llanura tan extensa como la pennsula italiana. La velocidad media de sus aguas en un trayecto de 172 leguas es de 81 cm. por segundo en toda su longitud conserva el rumbo de sudoeste a nordeste. El Meta alcanza al Orinoco abajo de sus rpidos, circunstancia que le da ms ti'ascendencia para establecer la navegacin al vapor, mediante la cual se podra viajar de Bogot a Europa por esta va. El desnivel tie las aguas del Meta no es sino de SO cm. por legua; en verano sus aguas
;
son claras. El Casanare, el Arauea y el Pauto son sus afluentes mayores. Al recibir el Oasanare, la anchura del Meta es de 1500 metros y fondo de 25 pies. A uno y otro bulo de este ro hay sabanas inmensas en donde iilniiidnii las cras de ganado. En el puerto de Barrign se puede tomar pasaje hasta Cabuyaro u Orocu, donde se encuentran lanchitas de vapor para continuar la bajada del Meta hasta el Orinoco, ro ste surcado por grandes buques desde los raudales de Atures hasta el ocano Atlntico. Existen algunas tribus nmades de indios guahibos, enemigos de los liombi'cs blancos, diseminadas en las sabanas del Pauto y el Casanare.
There
ai'e
to white
EL ATRATO
El ro Atrato nace al respaldo de La Raya, Cordillera del Choc, entre los farallones del Citar y Cerro Plateado, es decir, en el lomo de la Cordillera Occidental de los Andes
Corre en direccin opuesta al ro San Juan, primero al este y luego al norte y al sur, entre el l)ei)artamento de Antioquia y la Intendencia del Choc. Por su naturaleza, es ro de escaso caudal, pero las constantes lluvias que caen en su hoya hidrogrca, abierta entre la Serrana del Choc y la Cordillera de Pand, son tan abundantes que lo hacen uno de los ms caudalosos de Colombia. La mayor parte de las llanuras que lo rodean se mantienen inundadas por la lluvia. Sus riberas estn desiertas, excepcin hecha de la parte alta, donde se encuentran las poblaciones de Quibd, Negu, Bebar, Bet, Bnchad, Viga, Del Fuerte, Murind y Curbarad. Por la izquierda le atiuyen los ros Cap, Andgueda, Quito, Bet, Am, Buey, Tagaeh, Buchad, Bojay, Napip, Opagad, Domingod, Partad, Chintad, Salaqu, Truand y Cacarr por la derecha, el Cab, Tunend, Ich, Negu, Nemont, Bebaram, Bebar, Arqua, Murr, Nagarad y Sucio. En la mayor parte de estos afluentes se encuentra platino y oro la hoya del ro Atrafo es una de las zonas mineras ms Abajo de la boca de Bojay se divide en ricas del pas. dos brazos y forma la gran isla de su nombre, de diez mirimetros de extensin. Antes de caer al mar Caribe recorre 40 kilmetros en lnea recta, dejando desprender algunos brazos, que son los que forman su delta de quince bocas, sobre el golfo de Urab, en la baha de la Candelaria. El brazo de Tarena es el que lleva al mar mayor cantidad de agua, pero a su salida tiene una barra que hace muy peligroso el movimiento de entrada o salida, particularmente en la poca de las brisas. El nuevo brazo que se ha fonnado ltimamente, llamado El Roto, es el preferido hoy para la navegacin. El Atrato es navegable por vapores de
colombianos.
;
THE ATRATO
The source of the Atrato is back of La Raya, a mountain of the Choc regin between the peaks of Cutara and Cerro Plateado; that is to say, in the highlands of the Western Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. The river runs in a direction opposite to that of the San Juan river, first east, thcn north, then south, between the Department of Antioquia and the Intendaiicy of Choc. It has not naturally a large volume of water, bnt the eonstant rains falling on its watershed lying between the Choc mountains and the
Bando cordillera are so abundant, that they make it one of the largest rivers in Colombia. The greater part of the plains through which it flows are constantly flooded by those rains. Its banks are uninhabited, except in the upper regions, where are situated the villages of Quibd, Negua, Bebar, Bet, Buchad, Viga, Del Fuerte, Murind, and Curbarad. The left side tributaries are the Cap, Andgueda, Quito, Bet, Am, Buey, Tagaeh, Buchad, Bojay, Napip, Opagad, Domingod, Partad, Chintad, Salaqu, Truand, and Cacarr. The tributarles on the right are the
Cab, Tumend, Ich, Negu, Nemont, Bebaram, Bebar,_ Arqua,J\lurr, Nagarad, and Sucio. In the greater part of fhese tributaries platinum and gold are found. The basin of the Atrato is one of the richest mining regions in Colombia. Below the mouth of the Bojay, the river divides into two branches, and forms the large island of Atrato, 100 kilometers in length. Before eniptying into the Caribbean sea, its eourse is straight throughout a distance of 40 kilometers, except that some minor branches leave the main stream to form the fifteen-mouth delta in Candelaria bay, in the gulf of Urab. The Tarena branch is the one carrying most water to the sea, but at its mouth there is a bar very dangerons for navigation, especially in stormy
weather.
116
El Atrato ofrece facilidad para las comunicaciones interocenicas la del canal de San Pablo o de la Raspadura, entre su hoya hidrogrfica y la del ro San Juan, y la del canal de Cupica, entre su tributario el Napip y el ro Cupica, que desemboca en el Pacfico en la baha del mismo nombre, 34 leguas ms hacia el norte que el anterior.
:
A consecuencia de la importacin de negros africanos en tiempo de la colonia para el laboreo de las minas del Choc, el gran ro del Darin del Sur fu conocido con el nombre de La trata, y por corrupcin fontica, de Atrato.
EL CAQUET
Nace este ro en el enorme nudo de cordilleras del maeieo de Colombia, en donde se originan los cuatro principales ros intercordilleranos Cauca, Magdalena, Pata y Caquet. Sus fuentes brotan en el Pramo de las Papas, laguneta de Santiago. Recorre de norte a sur el pantanoso valle de las Papas y cruza despus al sudeste en busca de las selvas llanas, por estrechuras, hasta la boca del Orteguaza de este punto en adelante se navega con mayor facilidad que en la anterior porcin, pues su anchura ya es de unos 700 metros. En esta zona central el clima es hmedo y malsano y la temperatura excesivamente fuerte. El Caquet cruza el territorio de su nombre de occidente a oriente y se divide en tres fajas el Alto Cagueta, desde el Caquet su nacimiento hasta el salto de Araracuara Central, de este punto a las terrazas de Temuentiro y de stas al Amazonas, el Bajo Caquet. Del Bajo Caquet es imposible ir al Alto Caquet o al Putumayo, porque a ello se opone el salto de Araracuara, abajo del ro Imay, 300 millas arriba de la desembocadura del ro en el Amazonas. Recorre el Caquet 1,300 millas hasta el brazo de Avatiparan, al travs de una hoya de 263,000 kilmetros cuadraLa dos, de los cuales corresponden 216,000 a Colombia. hoya de este ro presenta las tres secciones normales, desgraciadamente separada la alta de la media, no por simples angosturas o raudales, sino por un verdadero salto que inutiliza el canal de desage como va navegable, y cada una de ellas, de arriba abajo, es menos y menos extensa y complicada, de suerte que en la inferior, baja y hmeda llanura, el ro, ya con anchuras de 1,500 a 3,000 metros, bastante profundidad y cauce no siempre definido, pocos afluentes y muy prximo al Amazonas, se torna red de brazos, y de tal modo antes de su boca principal, por medio de caos, da y recibe aguas de aqul, que es imposible decir dnde se divide realmente entre los dos ese extrao delta confluencia!, uno de cuyos brazos (Avatiparan) marca la frontera colombiana. La parte media se extiende de las angosturas de Tuementiro o de Sihar, donde el Caquet se reduce a 200 metros de anchura, a los saltos de Araracuara y Cuemani, poco importante ste, que se reduce a una angostura de un kilmetro, y cuyo trmino es una caldera donde se forman enormes remolinos ms serio el otro, donde el cauce se estrecha de repente de 500 a 40 metros durante iin kilmetro, al cabo del cual el ro da un hermoso salto de 30 metros de altura, que produce intenso fragor. En el resto de la seccin, el cauce, navegable y tortuoso (1000 metros de anchura), por la derecha recoge pequeos afluentes, en tanto que por la izquierda, adems de algunos mal explorados, recibe el Apoporis, el mayor de sus tributarios, que le fluye en el raudal de Sihar, el Yar entre el Araracuara y Guemani y el ro La Fragua, junto a esta ltima hoz. Si el Caquet ostenta todo el lujo, belleza, vigor y lozana que puede alcanzar la naturaleza en el trpico, a pesar de
: ;
:
navigable above the mouth of the Quito river, at the village of Quibd. During last year, the exports via the Atrato were: 42,500 castellanos of gold 25,000 castellanos of platinum 61,700 kilos of rubber; 11,800 kilos of cacao; 6,600 kilos of hides and timber in large quantities. The Atrato offers easy ways for interoceanic communication, such as the San Pablo, or Raspadura, channel, between its hydrographic basin and that of the San Juan and Cupica channel, between its tributary the Napip and the Cupica river, which empties into the Pacific in the hay of the same ame, 34 leagues farther north than the San Juan. On account of the importation of African negroes in colonial times for the purpose of working the Choc mines, the great river Darin del Sur became known by the ame "La Trata" ("The Slave Trade"), which by'corruption gradually changed into "Atrato."
is
and
The Atrato
is
to a place
THE CAQUET
This river rises in the enormous knot of the Colombian whence flow the principal inter-cordilleran rivers Cauca, Magdalena, Pata, and Caquet. Its source is the Santiago lagoon, in the Las Papas paramo. It traverses from north to south the marshy Las Papas valley, and then it flows south east towards the flat forest, passing through several narrows, as far as the mouth of the Orteguaza. Prom there on, it is more easily navigable than in its upper part, as its width reaches about 700 meters. In this central regin the climate is damp and unhealthful, and the temperature exceedingly high.
cordilleras,
The Caquet
same
ame from west to east, and is divided into three sections the Upper Caquet, from its source down to the Araracuara
the Central Caquet, from this point to the Temuenand the Lower Caquet, from here down to the Amazon river. It is impossible to pass from the Lower to the Upper Caquet or to the Putumayo, on account of the Araracuara falls, below the Imay river, 300 miles above the confluence of the Caquet and Amazon. The Caquet traverses a territory of 1300 miles in length down to the Avatiparan branch, the corresponding watershed being 263,000 square kilometers, of which 216,000 belong to Colombia. The watershed of this river presents the same features as the three sections of the river itself. Unfortunately, the upper part is separated from the central, not merely by narrows, or rapids, but by cataracts that make navigation impossible and the sections, as they descend, become less extensive and complicated so that in the lower section, which is a deep and damp plain, the river, M'hose width vares between 1500 and 3000 meters, and whose channel is fairly deep but not well defined, has few tributaries, and on approaching the Amazon, it becomes a net of channels. Before reaching its main mouth, it gives to and receives water from the Amazon, so that it is really impossible to draw the line of demarcation between the two rivers on that peculiar delta, where one of the branches, the Avatiparan, forms the Colombian frontier. The central part extends from the narrows of Tuementiro, or Sihar, where the width of the river is reduced to 200 meters, to the falls of Araracuara and Cuemani, the latter of which, having a width of 1 kilometer, and euding in a pool with enormous eddies, is of little importance. The former is much more serious; there the channel suddenly narrows from 500 to 40 meters in a distance of 1 kilometer, at the end of which the river falls in a magnificent cataract 30 meters high. In the rest of that section the channel. navigable and tortuous, and having a width of 1,000 meters, gathers small tributaries on its right-hand side, while on the left, besides several ones not yet well explored, it refalls
;
tiro terraces;
117
hombres, que no
lo
pueden dominar.
ceives the Apoporis, the largest of its tributarles, which empties into it at the Sihar rapids the Yar, between the Araracuara and the Guemani, and the La Fragua, near the Sihar rapids.
;
Como medida
yecta establecer la navegacin por lanchas de vapor en el Alto Caquet, desde Puerto Pizarro hasta San Pedro de esta manera, la colonizacin tendr la eficacia de una va segura de comunicacin para las exportaciones.
;.
EL CASANARE
Ro caudaloso. Sus fuentes nacen
al sur
de la Sierra
true that the Caquet exhibits all the luxuriousbeauty and vigor of which nature is capable in the tropics, it is also true that, notwithstanding the diversity of the landscape, it presents everywhere an austere and melancholy aspect, and a savage calm, which seems to defy the pride and eforts of man. The Golombian government intends to establish navigation by steam launches in the Upper Caquet, from Puerto Pizarro to San Pedro; in this manner, settlers will have
If
it is
ness, the
Nevada de Chita, en la cordillera comprendida entre Novagote y Rechniga, regin salinera del Departamento de Boyac. Es navegable desde el puerto de San Salvador, a
Los tres brazos princitrescientos kilmetros del Meta. pales que lo componen son el Ariporo, el Casanare y el Gravo del Norte; abajo de la boca del Cravo del Sur, cincuenta kilmetros antes de su desembocadura en el Meta, mide hasta trescientos metros de anchura. De los tributarios del Meta, es el Casanare el ms caudaloso, largo y de ms fcil navegacin. La hoya de este ro es de 27,000 kilmetros cuadrados y abarca la mayor parte de la llanura entre el Meta y el Arauca, Su curso es de 500 kilmetros. Los indios yaruros y los achaguas, medio civilizados,
a sure
way
THE CASANARE
This very large river rises south of the Sierra Nevada de Chita, in the cordillera comprised between Novagote and Rechniga, a salt-producing regin of the Department of Bo.yac. It is navigable from the port of San Salvador, 300 kilometers from the Meta. The three principal branches forming it are the Ariporo, the Casanare and the Gravo del Norte. Below the mouth of the Cravo del Sur, 50 kilometers above the junction of the Casanare and Meta, the former of these two rivers is 300 meters wide. Of all the tributaries of the Meta, the Casanare is the most voluminous, the longest and the most easily navigable. The basin of this river covers 27,000 square kilometers, and comprises the greater part of the plains between the Meta and the Arauca. Its length is 500 kilometers. The Yaruro and Achagua Indians, who are half civilized, dwell on the banks of this river. The former speak Spanish and are more numerous than the latter, who are china
viven en las orillas de este ro. Los primeros hablan castellano y son mayor nmero que los segundos; stos son fabricantes de loza. El Casanare limita: por el norte con el territorio de su nombre, hoy Provincia de Nuncha, y por el sur con el territorio de la Comisara de Arauca. En el ngulo del Casanare y el Meta queda el puerto de San Rafael, antigua aduana nacional. Las embarcaciones que cruzan el Casanare son: lanchas de vela, de siete a ocho pies de calado y carga hasta de 27 toneladas; los bongos, que calan hasta dos y medio pies y cargan hasta siete y media toneladas, y las canoas. En invierno, que casi puede decirse es tiempo normal en la regin, no hay brisas; en verano soplan generalmente del norte noroeste desde las siete de la maana hasta las tres de la tarde, hora en que empiezan a calmar. Los tributarios de mayor caudal del Casanare son: por la derecha, el Ariporo, y por la izquierda el San Ignacio o
makers.
Gravo del Norte, el Ele, el Tucnragua, el Aguablanca, el Mundonuevo, el Guripa y el Lope. Las bocas del Casanare, que forman un gran delta, distan de la desembocadura del Pauto en el Meta, 29 leguas de la desembocadura del Meta en el Orinoco, 69 leguas; de Orocu, por el Meta, 78 leguas; de Ciudad Bolvar (Venezuela), por el Meta y el Orinoco, 200 leguas.
Tame,
el
The Casanare river is bounded on the north by the tersame uame, known today as Province of Nuncha, and on the south by the Comisara of Arauca. At the junction of the Casanare and the Meta is the port of San Rafael, which fonnerly was a custom-house. The craft running on the Casanare are sailing launches drawing between 7 and 8 feet, and carrying as much as 27 tons; hongos (large rough boats), which draw as much as 214 feet and carry 71/2 tons; and canoes. During the rainy season, which is almost the normal weather in that section, there is no breeze during the dry season there is usually a north-northwest wind blowing from 7 o 'clock in the mornritory of the
:
;
when
it
begins to go
down.
tributaries of the Casanare are: on the the Ariporo, and on the left the San Ignacio, or Tame, the Gravo del Norte, the Ele, the Tucnragua, the Aguablanca, the Mundonuevo, the Guripa, and the Lope. The mouth of the Casanare, which forms a large delta, is 29 leagues from the junction of the Pauto and the Meta; 69 leagues from the junction of the Meta and the Orinoco 78 leagues from Orocu, up the Meta; 200 leagues from Ciudad Bolvar, Venezuela, by way of the Meta and Ori-
The principal
right,
EL CASIQUIARE
ro Orinoco, duplica las aguas Negro, afluente del Amazonas, y establece una comunicacin fluvial entre las dos grandes hoyas del Orinoco y el Amazonas, o sea un canal natural en el centro del continente, de ms de mil leguas de extensin; es navegable en una extensin de 180 kilmetros por embarcaColombia tiene derecho ciones de cuatro pies de calado. en la ribera derecha de dicho canal, desde la boca del Gasiquiare hasta la Piedra del Cocuy, punto de la frontera de Venezuela con el Brasil. En las riberas del Gasiquiare abunda el caucho fino. Este canal fu conocido de los eiiropeos desde principios del siglo XVIII, cuando los espaoles establecieron las misiones del Alto Orinoco. Debido a los grandes raudales de Atures y Maipures, abajo de la boca, en el Alto Orinoco, la comunicacin entre este ro y el Amazonas est interrumpida.
del
noco rivers.
THE CASIQUIARE
The Gasiquiare river, which flows into the Orinoco, also swells at certain times the waters of the Rio Negro, an affluent of the Amazon. It permits of a water communication between the great systems of the Amazon and the Orinoco, that is to say, it forms a natural canal in the heart of the continent, having a length of 1000 leagues- (3000 miles). It is navigable for 180 kilometers (108 miles) for
vessels with a draft of 4 feet.
Colombia owns the right-hand side of this canal from the mouth of the Gasiquiare to the Rock of Cocuy, this being a common point of the frontiers of Venezuela and Brazil.
118
EL SAN JORGE
Este ro nace en el alto de Paramillo, al norte de Antioy se junta al Cauca en el Departamento de Bolvar. Recorre 375 kilmetros en una hoya de 14,000 kilmetros cuadrados es navegable en vapor hasta 30 leguas arriba de su desembocadura; corre hacia el nordeste entre las serranas de San Jernimo y Ayapel. El San Jorge es muy rpido y agitado en sus cabeceras, y slo de las bocas del ro Pichind en adelante empieza a tranquilizarse, para ser naturalmente navegable de las bocas de Caaveral para abajo sus principales afluentes por la banda derecha son el ro Antad, la quebrada de San Juan, el ro Pichind, la quebrada de Chimurro, el ro Caaveral, el ro Mutat, el Pegado, el ro Sucio, el San Pedro, el Ur,
quia,
; ; :
in India rubber
This canal was known to the Europeans since the 18th century, when the Spaniards founded the Missions on the upper Orinoco. The rapids of Atures and Maipures, below the mouth of the Casiquiare in the upper Orinoco, obstruct the communication between this river and the Amazon.
el
Mojana,
etc.
regin baada por este ro est compuesta de tierras calcreas muy sanas y sin plagas de mosquito est habitada por familias de pura raza blanca. Existen pocas aunque enormes haciendas sobre el San Jorge, debido a las malas vas de comunicacin. El doctor Luis F. Osorio, ingeniero jefe de la Comisin Exploradora del Ferrocarril de Urab, da en su informe a la Gobernacin de Antioquia, entre otras cosas de importancia, los siguientes tiles datos: "Para el desarrollo de muchos negocios se prestan las regiones del San Jorge, y slo por va de informacin citar algunos de los que ya en germen existen.
;
La
San Jernimo and Ayapel ridges. This river is very swift and rough near its source, and it is only below the mouth of the Pichind river that its waters begin to be calm. It is naturally navigable from the mouth of the Caaveral down. Its principal tributaries on its right bank are the Antad river, the San Juan brook, the Pichind river, the Chimurro brook, and the Caaveral, Mutat, Pegado, Sucio, San Pedro, Ur and Majana rivers. The regin watered by the San Jorge is of calcareous formation. It is very healthful and free from mosquitoes. Its
:
"Exportacin de maderas y plantas. Desde el primer momento en que se instale en aquellas regiones un hombre
puede empezar a ganar dinero con slo enviar a Bolvar las maderas de aquellos bosques inmensos. cuenta que la cosa no es difcil, ya que el ro San Jorge es navegable desde Mutat, segn ya he dicho. "Cultivo de algodn y cap. En las tierras un poco altas se puede cosechar y se cosecha ya el caf y el algodn con completo xito, y los productos por el mismo San Jorge
activo
Owing to the inhabitants are of pur white extraetion. lack of ways of transportation, there are few farms, although those few are exceedingly large. Dr. Luis F. O.sorio, chief engineer of the exploring commission of the Urab railroad, says in his report to the government of Antioquia, among other important things The San Jorge regin is adapted to business of various kinds, of which I shall mention only some of those that have
'
'
pueden ser llevados a la Costa. "Cacao, maz, pastos. En las tierras calientes se produce un cacao de excelente calidad, que tendra amplio mercado en la Costa o en las poblaciones del interior. El alto precio del grano permite los transportes aun costosos, y la buena calidad del producto le hara competir muy
"Exportation of Timber and Plants Any enterprising going there can begin at once to make considerable money by sending to Bolvar the timber found in those immense forests. This is not difficult, since, as I have already said, the river is navigable from Mutat. "Cotton and Coffee. In the comparatively high lands, cofee and cotton can be grown; they are in faet grown very suceessfully, and the producs can be transported to
man
favorablemente con sus similares de otras partes. El maz se da con una rapidez asombrosa y en tan gran cantidad que apenas saben los cosechadores qu hacer con el grano. Lo emplean de preferencia para el engorde de
'
'
the coast
down
the
San Jorge.
cerdos.
la siembra, ni
menos pocas
"Cacao, Corn, Grass. In the hot climates, cacao of excellent quality can be produeed, which would find a very good market on the coast or in inland towns. The high price of this product allows the payment of the now high cost of transportation, and its good quality would make it possible for it to compete with like producs from other regions.
Los pastos naturales del San Jorge son muy buenos por su tamao y su jugosidad. Los pocos animales que se ven son tan sanos y robustos como los de las mejoi'es haciendas del Cauca. El mercado natural es en Ituango. Para el engorde de ganados hay la inapreciable ventaja de que el ganado flaco de Bolvar se importa con muy poco gasto y el gordo fcilmente se podra sacar embarcado al mar. "Tambin el arroz se cultiva en el San Jorge y su calidad es muy buena. Tiene mucho consumo en la regin misma, porque constituye la base de la alimentacin en todas esas regiones. "Cra y engorde de cerdos. Voluntariamente dej para el fin este captulo la descripcin del negocio ms atrayente y que ms pinges ganancias deja. Ya hoy se le explota en grande escala y los cerdos gordos se traen hasta Medelln con un gasto fabuloso y todava a pesar de todo es
"Corn grows with surprising rapidity, and much that planters hardly know what to do with
and no bad
yields so
it.
They
generally use it for fa.ttening hogs. "In that regin there are no special seasons for planting,
seasons.
natural grasses of the San Jorge are very good, both as to size and as to quality. The few animis one sees there are as healthy and vigorous as those of the best Cauca farms. The natural market place is Ituango. For the fattening of cattle there is the great advantage that lean cattle can be imported from Bolvar at a very small expense, and the fat cattle could easily be shipped down
"The
to the sea.
"Rice
It is
is
also
grown
very
much used
in this regin, of very good quality. in the regin itself, being one of the
bueno
el
negocio.
he dicho que se da el maz en tanta abundancia y en tan corto tiempo, que slo engordando cerdos se encuentra en qu gastarlo. El maz no tiene por all valor, es casi producto de la naturaleza salvaje, y casi el solo gasto que demanda es el de siembra y recoleccin, pues la rapidez
"Ya
principal foodstuffs of the population. "Baising and Fattening of Hogs. I have on purpose left to the end of this chapter the treatment of the best and most profitable industry of the San Jorge regin. This industry is today carried on, on a very large scale the fattened hogs are sent as far as Medelln, at an exceedingly
;
119
high
large
to do
to use it for hog fattening. There, corn has pracno valu it is as if it grew wild, and almost the only expense it requires is that of planting and gathering it. The rapidity with which it grows makes weeding unnecessary, and as thieves are unknown there, fences are useless. "Hogs require hardly any care. The only thing the farmer has to do is to get and turn lose a few female and male animis and give them some salt eveiy week or two in order to prevent them from staying in the woods and growing wild. He must also remove their vermin from time to time. Near the farm house a thatch shed is made for the hogs to sleep in. Around this shed there is a corral, where every morning such hogs are picked out as are ready for In Ituango there are already the last fattening period. very good breeds, which remain tame in spite of the absolute freedom in which they are allowed to live.
with
it is
ticall.y
"The females usually litter in the shed, and when occasionally they do it in the woods, they invariably come to Ilogs live exclusively on the shed to suckle their young. wild fruits, roots, snakes, and tender plants. ""WHien the young are of sufficient age they are isolated in a large corral, where they are fattened in a very short time with sugar-cane juice and corn given in large quanAfter this they are taken to the Ituango market, tities. and from there to Medelln. During the month or month and a half that the hogs are travelling, they have nothing to eat except what they themselves can get on the way.
Their main nourishment during this time
their
is
EL CATATUMBO
Ro del Departamento Norte de Santander.
supplied by
enormous reserve of
I
fat.
Nace en
las
cercanas de Ocaa, en la vertiente oriental de Cerropelado, eminencia que separa sus aguas de las que van al Magdalena. En la primera parte de su curso es impetuoso y corre entre rompientes muy escarpadas, pero aquieta sus aguas al pasar por los grandes anegadizos de las llanuras del Zulia. por donde corre bordeado de espesa montaa plana. La hoya del Catatumbo mide 27,750 kilmetros cuadrados, de los cuales pertenecen a Colombia 14,000, y la otra parte a Venezuela. Se compone de dos brazos principales, el Catatumbo y el Ziilia, que se unen cerca del puerto venezolano de Encontrados. Es navegable por lanchas de vapor desde el puerto de Villamizar, trmino del ferrocarril de Ccuta admite
;
said before, the hog, besides the great profit it very useful around the farm, because it kills or keeps away snakes of all kinds.
yields, is
"As
THE CATATUMBO
its
This river of the Department of Norte de Santander has source near Ocaa, on the eastern slope of Cerropelado,
from the Magdalena river. In the Catatumbo is torrential, and Farther down, its waflows between very rugged crags. ters become calm, as it flows through the large marshy plains of the Zulia, where its banks are lined with thick
a
hill
which separates
its
it
first
part of
course, the
forests.
en sus aguas hasta siete pies de calado, pero en verano apenas alcanzan las barras de sus bocas en el la^o de Maracaibo a cuatro pies. Recibe las aguas del Sardinata, el Tarra y el San Miguel, reunidos, j' el Tchira y el Pamplonita, tambin en un solo cauce. Tiene el Catatumbo unos 250 metros de anchura, por trmino medio. En su curso
existen numerosos islotes.
The basin of the river covers a surface of 28,750 sqtiare kilometers, of which 14,000 belong to Colombia, and the rest
to Venezuela.
Contiene la regin de este ro grandes riquezas naturales, el rbol de leche o bacajosca, caracoles, palmeras, tagua, aceite de eopaiba, caucho y maderas de construccin, como balso, cedro, roble, etc. Es motivo de comercio con Maracaibo, entre los cazadores y pescadores, la enorme cantidad de los deliciosos huevos de caimn que se encuentran en las playas del ro cada verano. En las llanuras del Catatumbo existen yacimientos abundantsimos de petrleo y fuentes de asfalto, en territorio colombiano. La unin de los vientos equinocciales y el alisio produce en la regin de este ro y el Zulia el fenmeno luminoso llamado Faro del Caiatimibo, consistente en una hermosa sucesin de relmpagos, visible a gran distancia las rfagas y truenos nocturnos son frecuentes en estas selvas, debido al fenmeno curioso que ocurre en el sitio denominado El Infierno, el cual est bien detallado en el informe de uno de los naturalistas que formaron parte de la comisin de lmites, as: "Los terrenos que median entre el Zulia, el
como
The river is formed by two main branches, the Catatumbo and the Zulia, which meet near the Venezuelan port of Encontrados. It is navigable by steam launehes from the port of Villamizar, a terminal of the Ccuta railroad. It may be navigated by boats drawing as much as 7 feet. However, during the dry season, the bars at its mouth in Lake Maracaibo are only 4 feet below the surface. Its main tributarles are the Sardinata, Tarra and San Miguel, combined, and the Tchira and Pamplonita, also combined into one stream. The average width of the river is 250 meters.
There are in
it
a great
many
islets.
watered by this river contains many valuable vegetable products, such as bacajosca, or milk tree; some
The
r'iegion
ivory nuts eopaiba oil During the rainy season, enormous quantities of delightful alligator eggs are found on the shores of the river. Hunters and fishermen gather them and sell them at Maracaibo. In the plains traversed by the river there are very abundant petroleum
varieties of
;
mahogany palm
;
trees
;
rubber
lightwood
cedar
oak
etc.
and asphaltum deposits, in Colombian territory. The meeting of the equinoetial and trade winds produces in this regin and along the Zulia the optical phenomenon known as faro del Catatumbo {the Catatwnho light-hoiise)
fields
It eonsists iu
120
'
from long distances. Lightning and thunder are frequent in these forests, owing to the curious phenomenon obsrved at the place called El Infierno (Hell), a phenomenon described in the following manner by one of the natu"The ralists forming part of the boundary commission: lands lying between the Zulia, the Catatumbo and the cordillera abound with asphaltum and petroleum deposits and
visible
El Infierno.
"El
De Paepe,
de Bruselas, fu:
springs. Petroleum is especially plentiful towards the south. There is in the regin a chain of small peaks running from west to east, in a distance of over 60 kilometers, Along the base of that as far as the Tarra and Zulia. chain, both towards the north and towards the south, there are a great many petrolemn deposits and springs. To that formation the following extraordinary phenomenon is due, obsrved in the regin lying between the Tarra and Zulia little over 7 kilometers from the junction of the Tarra and the Sardinata rises a sandstone wall, some 8 to 10 metOn the ers in heiglit, and width of between 24 and 30. surface there are a great number of cylindrical holes, which have the appearance of being artificial, and are of different diameters. Through these holes petroleum and boiling water rush out with great violence, producing a noise similar to that of a boiler letting out steam. This noise is heard a long distance off, and the rising flame of burning vapor could also be seen from a long distance, if the thickness of the forest did not prevent it. All that section is impregnated with petroleum over a large rea and it is curious that the trees that shade it preserve their extraordinary The few copaiba balsam gatherers freshness and vigor. who know the place have given to it the ame El Infierno
'
Color obscuro. Densidad Hendimiento por 100 kilos, o sean 112.9 litros: "A. Trazas de nafta o esencia de petrleo, destilando a
aceite de lm-
('Hell'). "The analysis of the petroleum made Brussels gave the following results:
by Dr. De Paepe of
40, 50=
C:
"1. De 150 a 200 C, 350 gramos ms o menos, o sean 500 cent. eb. "2. De 200 a 270 C, 33.3 litros de densidad igual a
0.8410.
"3.
De 270
a 300
C, 11
kilos 500, de
densidad 0.8675,
"Sample of raw petroleum. Dark color. Density, 0.8855. Yield per 100 kilos, or 112.9 liters "A. Traces of naphtha or essence of petroleum, distilling at 40, 50, and 150 C. B. Yield in burning petroleum or lamp oil, distilling at 150 to 300 C. "1. From 150 to 200 C, 350 grams, more or less, or 500 cubic cm. "2. From 200 to 270 C, 33.3 liters, density 0.8410. "3. From 270 to 300 C, 11.500 kilos, density 0.8675; or
'
'
13.3 liters.
"El rendimiento
pues, del
40%
"The
liters.
' '
The
importacin y exportacin del comercio del Norte de Santander se hace por el ro Zulia. Por las hoyas de los ros Sardinata y Catatumbo, a cuatro mirimetros de la frontera venezolana, y por los estribos de Bobal, en direccin a Tamalameque, pasar el ferrocarril que ha de comunicar a Ccuta con el ro Magdalena. La lnea, adems de cortar la corriente del Zulia hasta donde es navegable, atraviesa el Sardinata, el Barco, el Tib y el Catatumbo, todos navegables hasta arriba de los puntos que cruza el trazado.
la
La mayor parte de
below 200." commerce of export The greater part of the import and Noi-te de Santander is carried on by way of the Zulia river. The railroad that is to conneet Cuenta with the Magdalena will go through the basins of the Sardinata and Catatumbo rivers. at a distance of 40 kilometers from the Venezuelan frontier, and through the Bobal counterforts, towards Tamalameque. The line, besides going as far as the navigable part of the Zulia, will eross the Sardinata,
sity of 0!846, free
from products
distilling
the Barco, the Tib and the Catatumbo rivers, all of which are navigable as far as points above those where the rail-
road
is
to cross.
EL CAUCA
I
i
THE CAUCA
The Cauca river rises in the Buey lagoon, in the valley of Paletar, 15 leagues north of the Las Papas valley, which It winds through the is the source of the Magdalena river. cold plateau of Paletar, at the foot of the Los Coconucos nevado, Department of Cauca then it goes through a narrow channel between the Purac and Sotar volcanoes, towards the temprate plains, whence, turning towards the west, it flows towards the Choc cordillera, and thence to It contines in its course between the the Cauca valley. Andean plateaus of Choc, Caldas and Antioquia. forming an immense curve through the valley, known as the Cauca
;
ii
!'
de este nombre en el valle del Paletar, laguna del Buey, 15 leguas al norte del valle de Las Papas (en donde tiene origen el ro Magdalena), y serpentea por la fra altiplanicie de Paletar, al pie del nevado de Los Coconucos. Departamento del Cauca. Corre encajonado entre los volcanes de Purac y Sotar, con direccin a las llanuras templadas, desde las cuales, cruzando hacia el occidente, se dirige a la Cordillera del Choc, de donde toma rumbo al Valle del Cauca. Sigue su curso entre las mesas andinas del Choc, Caldas y Antioquia, formando inmensa curva por entre el frtil valle denominado Can del Cauca, en
el ro
Nace
121
enal sn let'ho est erizado de obsteulos y rpidos ((nc lo hacen innavegable basta ^'aldivia, puerto donde aniiilia sus
aguas.
de senavegable desde la boca de su afluente Ovejas hasta el raudal de La Virginia, en los confines de los Departanientos del Valle y Caldas. La navegacin por vapor se inici antes de 1SS5. El "Caldas" fu el primer barco en el Valle del Cauca; en su ensayo se hundii. Seguidamente, el alemn Simmonds form una eompaia que introdujo el "Cauca," el cual naufrag aos despus (1896) crea de Tulu. Lo reemplaz el "Chaves," pedido por otra compaa, pero no sirvi por inadecuado. Actualmente, el "Santander" y el "Sucre," de 45 toneladas, el "Caldas." de lt>. el "Cabal," de 4;"), el " Rizalas veinte
es
15, y el "Bicanrte," prestan el servicio de naveEl "Cabal" y el "Caldas" hacen el viaje de subida de Cai'tago a Cali en tres das y un rato, y de bajada en dos, andando de subida 8 millas y de bajada 14, por hora. De La Balsa a Cali hay !I8 kilmeti'os y tiene el ro velocidad de 5.t)t) kilinuetros por hora. En el paso Rincn, en frente de Cali, tiene 4.50 metros de fondo y velocidad de 5.75 kilmetros. De Cali a Hnga bajan las aguas a razn de 3 kilmetros por hora, en curso de 120. La distancia por el ro de Cali a Cartago es de 3:5 kilmetros, con desnivel de 13 ni. Subiendo, emplea un vapor 38 horas y media, y bajando, 22. En tiempo de seca se suspende la
ralda," de
gacin.
navegacin. Los puertos del Alto Clauca, de norte a sur, o sea de subida, en cpie tocan los vapores, son: Pagua, en' la banda este; Virginia, en la banda oeste; Fresneda, puerto de Cartago; Guaiubano, en la banda este, puerto de Cartago; Toro, en la baiula oeste Victoria, en la banda este La Unin (Hato de Lcmos"). en la banda oeste; Quintero, en la banda oeste: Zarzal, en la banda este; R<ildanillo, en la banda oeste; Bolvar (Pescador), eu la banda oeste; Caramanta, en la banda este, puerto de Bugalagrande Huasan, en la banda oeste; El Salto, en la banda este, puerto de San Vicente Tulu, en la banda este Riofro, en la banda oeste, al frente del anterior Buga. en la banda este Vijes, en la banda oeste Latorre. con puerto a ambos lados, en el oriental para Palniira y poblaciones vecinas, y en el occidental para Cali, Tumbo, etc. Tumbo o Isaac, banda oeste; Simmonds, en las mismas condiciones del de Latorre; Jlallarino, al oeste para Cali y al este para Candelaria. Despus de un curso de 135 mirimetros, por terrenos excelentes para la agricultura y la cra de ganados vacuno y caballar, comprendidos entre los Departamentos del Cauca. Valle del Cauca, Caldas, Antioquia y Bolvar, en direccin sur a norte, afluye al Magdalena en forma de delta y comprende una gran llanura al pie de la Serrana de San Lucas. Por la derecha, termina eu l Boca de Guanial, catorce leguas arriba de Magangu, y por la izquierda, por los ros IMojana y San Jorge, en un solo cauce. Hay varias versiones sobre la procedencia de su nombre. Cauca es voz uzcara. Haba la villa de Cauca entre los iberos, de donde sale Caucoenus, lusitano. Un cronista dice
; ; ; ; ;
que los indios denominaban al Cauca Caacat/aco. Segn Douay, las etimologas de Cauca son muy lleno, " " agua que se abri paso violento." La expedicin de espaoles, franceses y portugueses al mando del Oidor Pedro Badillo, descubri el curso del Cauca en 1537, siguiendo los rastros de los soldados con quienes entr Belalczar a Cali. Robledo explor despus el resto del ro, desde el Pramo de las Papas hasta Cali. Riqusimos aluviones aurferos existen en una y otra banda del ro Cauca, eu todo su curso, especialmente en la parte correspondiente a Antioquia.
' : '
canyon, where its bed presents a great many obstacles to navigatiou, as far as A^aldivia, where it becomes wider. Twenty leagues from its source, tliis river, whicli holds second rank in Colombia, is navigabie from thc mouth of its tributary, tlie Ovejas, as far as thc La Virginia narrows, 011 the boiuulary line between thc Departmcnts of El Valle and C'aldas. Steam navigatiou was initiated before 1885, the Calda:s being tiie tirst boat ou the Cauca valley. This boat sank on its trial trip. Afterwards J\ir. Simmonds, a Gernmn, formed a company, which built thc Cauca. This boat was wrecked a few ycars latei' (18!)()) near Tulu. It was replaccd by thc Cliarr;, brought by another company, btit which pi'ovcd unlit. At [n-eseiit, thc San-tandcr and the Sucre, of 45 tons; thc Caldas, of 16; thc Cabal, of 45; the h'izaralda. of 15; and the Ricaurtc are iu service. The Cabal and thc Caldas run \\p from Cartago to Cali in a little over three da.vs, and dowu in two days. Going up they average 8 miles per hour; and going dowu, 14. The distanee from La Balsa to Cali is 98 kilometers, and the velocity of thc river is 5.60 kilometers per hour. At the Rinci'm ci'ossiug, ojipositc Cali, the deptli is 4.50 metcrs, and the velocity 5.75 kilometers per hour. Ij''rom Cali to Buga, a distanee of 120 kilometers, the average, velocity is 3 kilometers per hour. The distanee fi'om Cali to Cartago is 335 kilometers; and the dift'erencc in elevation is 13 meters. Going up, a stcamboat takes 381/. hours,; and going down, 22 hours. Duriug the dry season, navigatiou is discontinued. The ports of the Upper Cauca, from north.to south, at which the boats touch ai'c as follows: Dagua, on the eastern bank Virginia, on the western bank Fresneda, which is a port of Cartago; Guanbano, on the eastern bank, which Toro, ou the western bank is another port of Cartago Victoria, on thc eastern bank; La Unin (Hato de Lemos), ou the western bank Quintero, ou the western bank Zarzal, on the eastern bank; Roldanillo, on the western bank; Bolvar (Pescador), on the western bank; Caramanta, which is the port of Bpgalagrande, on the eastern bank; Ilnasan, on the western bank; El Salto; which is the port of San Vic*ente, ou the eastern bank Tulu, on the eastern bank Riofro, on the western bank, opposite the preceding Buga, on the eastern bank; Vijes, on the western bank; Latorre, which has ports ou both banks, on the eastern for Palmira and the neighboring towns, and on the western for Cali, Tumbo, etc.; Tumbo or Isaac, on the western bank; Simmonds, similar to Latorre IMallarino, on the west for Cali, and on the east for Candelaria. After a course of 1350 kilometers, through excellent land for agriculture and cattle raising, coraprising parts of the Departraents of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Caldas, Antioquia and Bolvar, in a south-to-uortli direction, the Cauca river empties into the Magdalena river, forming a delta, at the On the right, it empties foot of the San Luca.s sierra. through the Guamal mouth, 14 leagues above i\Iagangu; and on the left, it empties through the eombined channels of the Mojana and San Jorge rivers. There are several opinions regarding the origin of the ame Cauca, which is a Basque word. There was among the Iberians a town by the ame of Cauca, and from it the chronicler says Lusitanian ame Caucoenus is derived. that the Indians gave to the Cauca i-iver the ame Caucayaco. According to Douay, the etymologies of the word Cauca are: "very full," and "water tluit cut its channel
;
violently.
The Cauca river was disco vered in 1537 by an expeditionary forc consisting of Spaniards, Prenchmen and Portuguese, commanded by Oidor (Judge) Pedro Badillo. They followed in the footsteps of the men led by Belalczar into Robledo afterwards explored the rest of the river, Cali.
from the Las Papas paramo as far as Cali. Throughout tlie course of the river there are on both
sides very rich
alluvial
Department of Antioquia.
122
naturalista notable que tiene reputacin mereen Colombia sino en muchas importantes asocia-
mundo.
A noted physician and naturalist, deservedly enjoying a high reputation not only in Colombia but also among mauy scientific societies throughout the world.
born in Jledelln on February 11, 1839, and in same city studied the humanities with the Jesuit fathers and in the Provincial College.
the
Naci en JledelJn el 11 de febrero de 1839, y en aquella ciudad estudi humanidades con los Jesutas y en el Colegio Provincial.
He was
En
On November
12, 1859,
brillante el
En
los
aos
y 1875 a
88, de mdico de los establecimientos de castigo y de las casas de asilo y de beneficencia de IMedelln. Fu catedrtico de astronoma y de fsica en el Colegio de San Luis, de Medelln, y de fsica y ciencias naturales en la Universidad de Autioquia. En 1869 emprendi un viaje por
In 1860, 1861 and 1867 he served as surgeon in the national army, and in 1866, 1867 and 1875-88, he was head physician of the House of Correction and the Charity Asylum of Medelln. He was professor of a.stronomy and physics in the San Luis College, Jledelln, and of physics and natural science at the
University of Antioquia.
Inglaterra,
Espaa,
)Suiza,
Italia,
Francia y Palestina, permaneciendo en Pars algunos aos. Ha publicado una relacin de su viaje a Jerusaln, una Memoria sobre la rana venenosa del Choc, Lecciones de astronoma, Ensayo etnolgico sobre los indios de Antioquia y Estudios cientficos sobre
botnica,
zaretos,
el
peces, el
gusano de seda,
and Franee he remained several years in Paris. He has published au account of his trip to Jerusalem Memoria sobre la rana venenosa del Choc, Lecciones de astronoma, Ensayo etnolgico sobre los indios de Antioquia, and Estudios cientficos, being scientific papers on botany, trigonomephysiology, lazarettoes, rubber, trj', snakes, fishes, the silk worm, vanilla, insects, etc. He was a contributor to the Dictionnaire encyclopdique des
tine,
;
Sociedad Botnica de Francia, de la de Antropologa, de la de Medicina Prctica, de la de Medicina Legal, de la de Teraputica Experimental, de la de
la
Miembro de
sciences medicales of Paris. Member of the Botnica! Society of Franee, of the Anthropological Society,
the Society of Practical ^Medicine, that of Legal Medicine, that of Experimental Therapeutics, that of
Germn Medicine of Paris, and of the International Academy of Botanical Geography. Correspondent of the
Academia
etc., etc.
demia Mdico-quirrgica matritense, de la Sociedad Acadmica del Loira Inferior, de la Sociedad Zoolgica argentina, etc., etc.
Jladrid
Mdicoquirrgica,
of
the
Academic
Condecorado con medallas por la Sociedad de Antropologa, por la Academia de Geografa Botnica, y por los Jurados Calificadores, para la parte cientfica, en las exposiciones de Quito (1902) y de Bogot (1910).
Al doctor Andrs Posada Arango se le debe el descubrimiento de la naturaleza o causa de la emfermedad llamada "tiintihi" (o anemia parasitaria) y la indicacin del higuern como remedio eficaz.
ao de 1888 el doctor Posada Arango descubri una especie en la familia de las Cucurbitceas, y el Profesor Cogniaux la calific con el nombre de Posadoea enhonor del descubridor.
el
Decorated with medals by the Anthropological Society, the Academy of Botanical Geography, and the prize judges
at the expositions of
To Dr. Andrs Posada Arango is due the discovery of the nature and cause of the disease known as tuntn (parasitic anemia), and the introduction of higuern as an
effcacious
remedy.
En
In 1888 he discovered a new cucurbital species, to which ame Posadoea, in honor of its
123
una de
learned Colombian philologist, born in Bogot in 1843. one of the high authorities on the Spanish language and a true glory of Colombia.
He
is
El mundo latino, y de modo especial Colombia, se reconoce deudor a las obras de este ilustre fillogo. Cuervo no fu, como gramtico, partidario del purismo exagerado de los fanticos por la antigedad clsica, pues no opuso sistemtica oposicin a las voces nuevas o al ensanche en nuevas acepciones de las voces ya existentes, aun cuando en su obra Apuntaciones crticas sobre el lenguaje bogotano se nota el esmero continuo de un intolerante, en el desconocimiento de algunos vocablos dados de alta hoy entre los organismos vivientes del idioma espaol pero a cambio de esto. Cuervo era amigo de la liberalizacin del idioma, mediante las exigencias o necesidades del tiempo. Despus de una labor constante, de cerca de cuarenta aos, dedicada a la composicin de un Diccionario de voces castellanas, obra que est inconclusa y
;
The Latin world, and especially Colombia, acknowledges its indebtedness to the works of this illustrious philologist.
As a grammarian, Cuervo did not favor the exaggerated purism of the bigoted followers of classic antiquity. He offered no systematic opposition to new words or to the extensin of meaning given to existing vs^ords. Although
his Apuntaciones crticas sobre el lenguaje bogotano (Critical Notes on Bogot Speech), one discerns _an intoleraut spirit in his repudiation of several terms now admitted into the faniily of correct Spanish v^ords. Cuervo was an advcate of the liberalization of the language in accordance with the needs and requirements of the times. After nearly forty years of constant labor, devoted to the preparation of a Diccionario de voces castellanas (Dictionary of Spanish Words), a work still unfinished, Mr. Cuervo died in Paris in 1911. His remains lie in the Pre Lachaise cemetery.
in
an
indita,
muri
el
el
pital de Bogot.
Antes de morir, dispuso de sus bienes legndolos al hosEn esta ciudad capital existe una artstica
San
Carlos.
Before dying, he bequeathed his possessions to the Bogot hospital. In San Carlos Plaza of that city there is an artistic statue of Cuervo.
One of the most powerful intellects of Colombia, he exercised his faculties in all the fields of human knowledge, leaving beliind him always luminous tracks. Humanist, critic, philosopher, poet, statesman, and deep thinker, all that he was, and Colombia is proud of this favored son of
her
soil.
Naci en Bogot en 1843 y muri en la misma ciudad en agosto de 1909. Era hijo del inmortal poeta Jos Ensebio Caro; fu uno de los fundadores de la Academia Colombiana de la Lengua, desde 1870. Kedact El Tradicionista, colabor en muchos e importantes peridicos y escribi los siguientes libros: "Poesas," 1866; "Estudio sobre el Utilitarismo," 1869; "Gramtica Latina," 1869; "Tratado del participio," 1870; "Horas de amor" (poesas), 1871; "Virgilio," traduccin en verso, 3 volmenes, 1873 a 1876. Fu director de la Biblioteca Nacional, y durante cuatro aos ocup
la presidencia de la repblica.
Eepblica, en estaba situada su casa, se ha construido ltimamente una bella plazoleta que lleva su nombre, y se ha erigido una estatua a su
la la
el
En
Avenida de
in Bogot in 1843, and died in the same city in 1909. His father was the immortal poet Jos Ensebio Caro. He was one of the founders of the Academia Colambiana de la Lengua Colombian Academy of the Spanish Ijanguage) in 1870. He edited "El Tradicionista" (The Traditionalist) and contributed to many other newspapers. He wrote the following M'orks Poems (1866), Studies in Utilitarianism (1869), Latin Grammar (1869), Treatise on the Participle (1870), Hours of Love, Poems (1871), Translation of Virgil, in verse and in 3 volumes (1873-76). He was director of the National Library, and president of the republic for one term. There has been built in the Avenida de la Repblica, at
(
He was born
memoria. De Miguel Antonio Caro es el siguiente soneto, cuya letra cantan los nios de las escuelas primarias de Colombia
:
is
PATRIA.
Patria! te adoro en mi silencio mudo Y temo profanar tu nombre santo. Por ti he llorado y padecido tanto Como lengua mortal decir no pudo.
FATHERLAND
And
native land, I adore thee in mute silence fear to profane thy boly ame. For thee I have sufered and wept
reveal.
No
te pido el amparo de tu escudo, Sino la dulce sombra de tu manto. Quiero en tu seno derramar mi llanto, Vivir, morir en ti, pobre y desnudo.
Only the sweet shade of thy mantle. In thy bosom I wisli to pour all my lament Poor and naked, to Uve in thee, and die.
Ni poder, ni esplendor, ni lozana Son razones de amar. Otro es el lazo Que nadie nunca desatar podra.
break.
Amo
Madre
yo por instinto tu regazo; eres t de la familia ma; Patria! de tus entraas soy pedazo.
Instinctively I love thee. Thou art the mother of my family; Of thy lif e I am a part.
This modest statesman was born not much over sixty years ago at the village of Bello, a picturesque suburb of Medelln, capital of the Department of Antioquia. He
made
bis
first
and
then went to Bogot to make bis advanced studies, and perhaps in search of a wider
for his literary aspirations. He was not disappointed for shortly afterwards the unobtrusive student heard at his door the knock of opportunity. "Mr. Surez," says the distinguished writer Dr. A. M. Gmez Restrepo, "emerged suddenly from obscurity into renown on the memorable evening wl en the Colombian Academy celebrated the centenary of Don Andrs Bello. If my memory does not deceive me, that was the most beautiful literary festival ever witnessed in Bogot. Everything contributed to its solemnity the revered memory of the patriarch of Spanish- American letters the prestige of the Academy, which then
field
;
"de manera repentina, de la sombra a la celebridad, en la noche memorable en que la Academia Colombiana celebr el centenario de don Andrs Bello. Si los recuerdos de infancia no me engaan, es
trepo,
sta la
fiesta literaria ms hermosa que hemos presenciado en Bogot. Todo contribua a darle solemnidad: la memoria veneranda del patriarca de las letras hispanoamericanas, el prestigio de la Academia, que contaba entonces con los nom-
literatura y la grande importancia social que se dio a ese acto, que tuvo resonancia americana. La Academia reparti palmas y coronas entre los vencedores en los certmenes literarios abiertos por ella; y una de las ms envidiables correspondi a un escritor cuyo
bres
ms preclaros de nuestra
nombre sonaba en pblico por la primera vez. Presentse Mareo Fidel Surez modesto, pero sereno, a recibir el ttulo de acadmico correspondiente y el ilustrado concurso supo con admiracin que aquel jovencillo haba sido capaz de analizar la Gramtica de Bello a la luz de los ltimos adelantos filolgicos y haba escrito, no una tesis, sino ini libro, que es indispensable complemento de la obra fundamental del sabio venezolano. Desde aquella noche niemorable el seor Surez qued consagrado como un maestro en literatura reputacin que se fu afirmando de da en da hasta hacer de l la figura procera que la nacin respeta y admira." En relacin con otros rasgos del carcter y la vida del
; ;
counted among its members the most illustrious men of our literature and the great social importance given to that celebration, which was echoed throughout the American continent. The Academy awarded honorary prizes to the winners in the literary contests it had opened, and one of the highest fell to a writer who.se ame the public had never heard before. Marco Fidel Surez, modest but
;
composed, appeared before the Academy to receive the title of eorresponding member; and the scholarly assemblage learned with astonishment that that lad had raade a thorough aualysis of Bello 's Grammar from the point of view of the latest philological methods, and had writteu not a paper but a book a book which is now an indispensable complement to the great work of the Venezuelan Since then, Mr. Surez has been aeknowledged a seholar. literary master; he has constantly risen, and is today one of the most respeeted and admired Colombians."
;
As
Dr.
seor Surez, el doctor Gmez Restrepo dice: "Por ms de treiiita aos el seor Surez ha sido una de las figuras ms respetables de la literatura .y de la poltica en Colombia. Durante este largo perodo, ha tenido que afrontar recias luchas en defensa de sus principios; ha pasado por muchas vicisitudes; su estrella poltica ha brillado ms de una vez en el zenit; otras se ha ocultado entre nubes de tempestad pero su ocultacin ha sido
;
to other features of Mr. Surez 's character and life, Gmez Restrepo says: "For over thirty years Jlr. Surez has been one of the
most prominent figures in Colombian letters and politics. Duriug this long period be has had to fight hard in defense of his views and principies he has gone through a great many vicissitudes his political star has more than once shone in the zenith; at other times it has been ob; ;
125
vivido rodeado del genei-al respeto. Muertos Cuervo y Caro, l ha ocupado el primer puesto entre los hombres de letras de Colombia y se ha mostrado digno de la herencia de esos dos grandes maestros, con quienes tiene muchas afinidades; pues como ellos, ha mostrado aficin preferente por los estudios filolgicos; ha vigorizado su entendimiento en la severa disciplina de la filosofa cristiana, es insigne cultivador de la prosa clsica y profesa en poltica ideas conservadoras, pero templndolas con las lecciones de la experiencia y depurndolas en el crisol de la filosofa de la
;
historia.
'
scured, though only temporarily, by stormy clouds, always to emerge again with brighter light and show the way to an ever increasing number of his countrymen. "But, if the man of politics has been attacked, the man of letters has won and ever kept the respect of Colombians. Cuervo and Caro being dead, he holds first place among the seholars of Colombia. He has proved himself a worthy successor of those two great masters, with both of whom he has mueh in common like them, he has made a specialty of philologieal studies; has strengthened his intellect with the stern discipline of Christian philosophy; is an able cultivator of classieal prose; and is a Conservative iu politics, though tempering his views with the teachings of experience and purifying them in the erueible of the philosophy of history.
:
Grande amplitud de
criterio
y de miras ha demostrado
siempre el seor Surez en su actuacin poltica, la cual se extiende a muchas Administraciones por un largo perodo. desempeado con habilidad y lucimiento puestos
Ha
diversa ndole, como Representante y Senador, ilinistro de Instruccin Pblica, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores, etc. pero es en este ltimo ramo en el que mejor ha servido a su pas y demostrado su saber y su patriotismo. Por el tamiz de su poderosa inteligencia se han cernido las ms arduas cuestiones internacionales de Colombia. Como miembro de la Junta Asesora del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, le correspondi suscribir el tratado Urrutia-Thomson, a cuya defensa aport luego todo el contingente de su lgica, su sentido comn y su verdadero patriotismo. El seor Surez es de los estadistas colombianos que aprecian el valor y la trascendencia de las buenas relaciones que deben existir entre Colombia y los Estados Unidos. No se oculta a su perspicacia que la situacin geogrfica relativa de estos dos pases, sus tradiciones republicanas y sus intereses comunes de todo orden son eslabones de la inquebrantable cadena de amistad que ha de enlazar sus destinos. De esperarse es, por tanto, que si el seor Surez llegare a ser Jefe del Ejecutivo en el pi'ximo perodo constitucional, durante su Administracin se realizar a no haberse realizado antes la aprobacin del tratado UrrutiaThomson, y con ella el acercamiento entre las dos naciones. de esperarse es tambin que, en aquel evento, su buen tino, su competencia y su honradez de propsito le permitirn resolver los intrincados problemas que preocupan hoy a Colombia, ora en su rgimen interno, ora en sus relaciones internacionales.
Te
;
Mr. Surez has always shown a broad mind and farreaching discernment in his long political life, during vvhich he has been connected with several administrations. He has filled with great distinction public posts of varied eharacters, such as those of Representative, Senator, Minister of Public lustruction, Minister of Poreign Afairs, etc. It was in this last office that he gave the best proofs of his knowledge, patriotisni and clear visin, some of the most difificult International problems that Colombia has had to
come to him for solution. was his duty to sign, as a member of the Legal Advisory Board of the Ministry of Poreign Affairs, the Urrutia-Thomson treaty, to the defense of which he afterwards devoted all his learning and patriotism. ]\Ir. Surez is one of the Colombian statesmen who appreeiate the valu and importance of the good relations that ought to exist between Colombia and the United States.
solve having
It
He
and
is
sition of these
too keen not to see that the relative geographic potwo countries, their democratic traditions,
to
connnon interests of all kinds are bonds that bind them in indissoluble friendship. It is therefore to be expected that, if Mr. Surez becomes chief executive for the next presidential term, the Urrutia-Thomson treaty will be ratified during his administration, if it is not ratified before, and that the friendship between the two nations will thereby become closer. It is also to be expected that, if he is eleeted, his great honesty, learning and wisdom will enable him to solve the intricate problems, both national and International, which today engage the minds of all thoughtful Colombians.
their
ought
CARLOS
Naci en la ciudad de Medelln
el
E.
RESTREPO
Born
in the city of Medelln,
12 de septiembre de
September
1867, en el seno de un hogar verdaderamente patriarcal. Fu su padre el doctor Pedro A. Restrepo, notable abogado y criminalista a quieu recuerda con cario y respeto la generacin presente.
midst of a truly patriarchal family. His father was Dr. Pedro A. Restrepo, a noted lawyer and criminalist, whom the present generation remembers with a feeling of respect
and
affection.
Al
el
apellido,
ya
ilustre
Curs las primeras letras en las escuelas parroquiales, y sus estudios secundarios en el Seminario Conciliar de Medelln }' en la Universidad de Antioquia, de la cual lleg a
ser
ms tarde
rector.
aficin literaria y su refinado gusto. Ha escrito poesas de primer orden, llenas de sentimiento y de un sabor clsico. En aficionado a las traducciones y las ha hecho magnficas, sobre todo de poetas ingleses y franceses de su predileccin. En el periodismo ha brillado por su vigor en la polmica y por su estilo vibrante y sutil como hoja toledana. Prosista galano, ha
Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo has added new luster to a surnake already associated with great worth. He made his primary studies in the parochial schools, and his secondary and advanced studies at the Seminario Conciliar of Medelln and the University of Antioquia, of the latter of which he afterwards became rector. Prom his early youth he showed his literary tendencies and refined taste. He has written poems of the highest order, full of sentiment and in a style that leans towards the classic. He is very fond of translating, and has made excellent translations from his favorite English and Prench poets. In journalism he has excelled as a vigorous polemic and master of a forceful and subtle style, which he wields
126
An rnate a Toledan blade. prose maker, he has ereated a characteristic style, in which the sentences are short but fraught with
like
ideas.
filled
offices,
several
im-
always with
wisdom
and
distinction.
He was
de las ms populares en el extranjero. Durante ella se atendi con religiosidad a los compromisos del pas en materia de pago de intereses de la deuda pblica, etc. Y a Eestrepo se
debe el Tratado de 6 de abril de 1914 con los Estados Unidos, sobre arreglo de la reclamacin de Colombia con motivo de la separacin de Panam. Noble aspiracin de Eestrepo ha sido la conciliacin de los partidos, mediante la transigencia y la moderacin. En esa labor ha trabajado durante un cuarto de siglo con una tenacidad y, sobre todo, con una consecuencia poco comunes en Colombia.
'
secretary of state of the Department of Antioquia, circuit judge, assemblyman in various legislatures, congressman, and finally president of the republic during the period 1910-1914. The worth of his administration was recognized both at home and abroad, it having been one of the most reppeeted in foreigu countries. During that administration, all obligations of the republic relatiug to the payment of interest of the public debt were religiously met. To Eestrepo is also due the treaty signed with the United States on April 6, 1914, regarding the settlement of Colombia 's claims arising from the secession of
a.spira-
ad
dando participacin en
el
Fund y condujo
ideas sobre lo
tions has been the reconciliation of the diferent parties through the exercise of tolerance and moderation. To that task he has devoted a quarter of a century, working with a perseverance and consistency that are rare ijj Colombia. During his administration he put his teaehings into practice, giving a share in the government to representatives of the diferent parties. He founded and was the leader of the Eepublican Party (Partido Eepublicano), according to his ideas of what a
' '
arado en
el
mar
'
'
party ought to be. The eharacter of this party was rather administrative and practical than theoretical or philosophical.
vez,
los al
le
y a
ellos
quema
el
Con hombre
ellos vive
recto,
de
es
"el
caballero sin
miedo y
sin reproche."
De
espera la patria
mucho bien
todava, porque a su
Es hombre que
siente a la antigua
las
y obra a
la
moderna
actual y
corrientes del
mundo
y futuros; que siente las palpitaciones del universo y de la humanidad en su corazn y en su cerebro.
estudia sus efectos presentes
Perhaps, like Bolvar, Eestrepo has "plowed the sea." Perhaps, remembering the bitterness of the Liberator and the apparent barrenness of his noble woi-k, he let out the f ollowing sentence, f ound in one of his messages "I prefer to remain alone, with my ideis." He lives with them and worships them, being an upright man with a cultured mind and most noble heart; a man that makes us think of the Castilian cavaliers and who, like Bayard, is the knight with neither f ear or stain. The republic still expects much good from him, for with his pur patriotism he combines the gift of true statesmanship. He is a man who feels as the ancients felt and acts as the moderns aet who understandingly follows the currents of the present world and sees where they lead to now and in the future who in his heart and brain feels the throbbing of the universe and of mankind.
: ' ' ' ; ;
GUILLERMO VALENCIA
Maravilloso poeta colombiano, a quien los pueblos de habla espaola reconocen el cetro lrico del Reino de la
Ai'niona.
sus altas producciones se les ha discernido la gloria de inmortalidad, al igual que a sus predecesores Jos Asuncin Silva y Eubn Daro. Valencia naci en Popayn el 20 de octubre de 1873, y en esta ciudad hizo sus primeros estudios al lado de su maestro don Manuel Mara Luna, quien educ cinco generaciones. Luego estuvo cinco aos en el Seminario Diocesano de la misma ciudad. De all pas a la Universidad del Cauca, donde curs con aprovechamiento la filosofa y letras y el derecho y ciencias polticas.
la
such is the ame of this high poet the countries where Spanish is spoken have conferred the seepter of the King of Harmony. His works havc been assigned to immortality, the same as those of his predecessors Jos Asuncin Silva and Eubn Daro.
Guillermo Valencia
on
whom
all
Science
and
a
literature.
He was
127
member
En los aos de 1896 .y 1898 concurri a la Cmara de Representantes en el 99 estiivo en Francia y Suiza como Secretario de la Legacin de Colombia y regres en 1901 a Bogot, a ocupar el puesto de Secretario de Instruccin Pblica, y, cuando el Dr. Jos Vicente Concha, actual Presidente de Colombia, fu Gobernador de Cundiuamarea, ocup el puesto de Secretario de Gobierno; luego, durante la guerra civil de los tres aos, fu Jefe Civil y Militar en el Departamento del Cauca; en 1903 y 1904 asisti nuevamente a la Cmara de Representantes y regres al Cauca con el nombramienEn 1906 fu to de Gobernador. Delegado de la Conferencia Panamericana de Ro Janeiro, donde fu Presidente de una de las Comisiones Generales. Desde el ao de 1909 ocupa el puesto de Senador de la Re;
pblica.
Guillermo Valencia es autor del libro cuya primera edicin se hizo en 1899 y la segunda en 1914. Tiene en preparacin un libro de versos titulado Patria, y otro de sus Discursos escogiHitos,
dos.
ing 1896 and 1898 in 1899 he went to France and Switzerland as Seeretary of the Legation of Colombia, returning to Bogot in 1901 to become Seeretary of Public InstrucHe was Seeretary of State of Cundinamarca while tion. Dr. Jos V. Concha, now President of Colombia, was Governor of that Department. During the civil war of that year he was appointed Civil and Military Commander of In 1903-1904 he was again a the Department of Cauca. member of the House of Representatives at Bogot, whenee he returned to Cauca with the appointment of Governor. In 1906 he was appointed Delgate to the Pan-American Conference of Rio de Janeiro, where he acted as chairman of one of the Committees. He has been a Senator of the Republic since 1909. Guillermo Valencia is the author of Bitas (a volume of his poems). The first edition eame out in 1899, the second one, in 1914. At present he is preparing a seeond book entitled Patria (Fatherland) and a collection of his selected speeches {Discursos escogi; ,
"Valencia," dice el Dr. A. Coester, "es el ms poderoso rival de Chocano, si es que es permitido comparar a dos poetas cuyo estilo es tan diametralmente opuesto. Con la exuberancia de Chocano contrastan la sobriedad y Su poesa austeridad de Valencia. Anarkos, de tendencia simbolista y sociloga, fu de las primeras suj'as en atraer la atencin de la Amrica Hispana hacia Valencia. La amplitud de la concepcin demostr que el autor era un pensador con quien haba que habrselas; y esto fu confirmado por su esplndida poesa 'Las Cigeas Despus de describir en esta Blancas. composicin una bandada de cigeas blancas, hace de ellas el smbolo de los ideales humanos. En sus ms recientes poesas, el poeta ha tomado por tema a varias ciudades de Colombia. Popayu, por ejemplo, con sus leyendas sangrientas, su clima tempestuoso y su cerco de enhiestos En estos montes, es tema digno de su musa austera. versos de Valencia se i-efleja la deslumbrante luz del sol en su cnit alumbi'ando esta ciudad ecuatorial, y descuellan
'
inspiration.
dos). Valencia, says Dr. A. Coester, is Chocano 's greatest rival, if it is possible to put together two poets whose respective styles are at opposite poles. In contrast to Chocano 's exuberance, Valencia is sober and austere. His long symbolistic and sociological poem Anarkos was one of the first to draw the attention of Spanish America to Valencia. The depth of conception in this poem showed that he was a thinker to be reckoned with, a fact amply demonstrated again in his capital poem Cigeas blancas. After describing the flight of a band of white storks, it makes these beautiful birds the symbol of human ideis. In more recent works Valencia has taken certain Colombian cities for the souree of his Popayn, for example, with its blood' ' ' ' '
'
written
its
historie
past,
with
its
girdle of towering mountains, is a fit subject for his austere muse. The dazzling white light of the sun in the zenith above this equatorial city, and the gray tones
of
Ha sido Valencia colaborador de muchsimos peridicos y revistas nacionales y extranjeras; tambin ha escrito varios artculos literarios, biografas, etc. Es miembro de la Academia de Historia (Bogot), de la Academia Colombiana de la Lengua, del Ateneo de Made la de Ciencias, Artes y Letras de Cdiz, de la Sociedad de Literatos de Francia, de la Sociedad Jurdica y Literaria de Quito, del Ateneo del Salvador, de la Sociedad de Artes y Leti'as de Honduras, etc. Fu nombrado Visitador Fiscal en Europa en 1907, puesto que no acept. Varias veces ha sido nombrado Ministro del Despacho Ejecutivo, no habiendo aceptado tal cargo en ningn tiemTambin fu nombrado Ministro en el Per y Delepo. gado a la Conferencia de Buenos Aires, y recientemente fu candidato para la presidencia de la repblica.
drid,
its landscapes, are reflected in Valencia 's lines. Valencia has been an active contributor to several periodicals, at home and abroad. He has also written many
member of the Academy of History (Bogot) of Academy of the Spanish Language; of the Ateneo (Madrid) of the Academy of Science and Art,
is
He
of the Society of Litterateurs, of France of the Juridical Society of Quito; the Ateneo of Salvador, the Society of Arts and Letters of Honduras, etc.
; ;
(in Europe), Ij;i 1907 he was appointed Fiscal Auditor which he declined. Several times he has been appointed Minister in Charge at Bogot; also Minister of Colombia in Per and Delgate to the Conference held at Buenos Aires, neither of which posts did he accept. Lately he was
The other two of the celethe continental conflagration. brated trio being now dead, only Vargas Vila remains at
honra y se complace en abrillantar sus pginas con el retrato de este americano No es su propsito, ni podra serlo, hacer una bioilustre. grafa del hombre eminente, como tampoco un estudio de su labor inmensa en los campos luminosos de la inteligencia y del saber. Pocas lneas son nada para tamaa empresa; por otra parte, la alta crtica de Amrica y Europa, que ha visitado el incansable peregrino de la idea, lo ha revaluado y pesado con ventaja entre los grandes pensadores, los grandes artistas, los altos dirigentes de la conciencia humana. Es el mes de la libertad, julio. En este mes del ao de 1863 naci Vargas Vila en Bogot, de noble cuna y de Muy joven, apenas despuntaba la distinguida estirpe. aurora roja de su enorme talento, se estableca en su patria Mas el rgimen llamado la Regeneracin de Colombia. no lo encuentra inerme. Una preparacin silenciosa, de largos estudios y meditaciones, realizada con paciencia de benedictino, lo tienen preparado como una potencia de primera clase para el primer toque de movilizacin. L 'aiglon tiene alas, alas giles que sacude con el mpetu de su poder mental y desgarrando las sombras oprobiosas, la lmpara maravillosa de su ingenio le ilumina el sendero hasta el mar majestuoso, fiel espejo de aquel cerebro inquieto henchido de recias tempestades, y que copia en su fondo las cabalsticas estrellas que son para
se
;
less
brain stirred by violent storms; the ocean, wliose bottom reflected the cabalistic stars, which to the philosopher are at once an inspiration and an
el
ornen.
cielo
un
astro
de primera magnitud, Juan de Dios Uribe, es recibido con entusiasmo, con En Venetodos los brazos abiertos. zuela Vargas Vila se hace g-uila caudal y esgrime las poderosas alas de su gran talento y suelta a los cuatro vientos las galas de su imaginacin
violenta.
When he entered Venezuela, where he met Juan de Dios Uribe, another star of the first magnitude, he was enthusiastically received with open arms. There he became a fuU-fledged eagle, and, soaring on the powerful wings of his genius, gave to the world the beauties of his stormy imagination.
Haughty and strong, "a storer of energy, " as Valencia so beautifully said of Uribe Uribe in a memorable address. Vargas Vila faced all situations, attacked all problems, and became in journaiism an American Rochefort. On the lecturing platform and on the public tribune he was attentively listened
to
critic
Altivo y fuerte, "acumulador de energa," como dijo bellamente Valencia de Uribe Uribe en memorable discurso, hace frente a todas las situaciones, contempla todos los problemas, y es en el periodismo un Rochefort americano. En la conferencia, en la tribuna, se le oye con suma atencin y se le aplaude frenticamente. Como crtico, Vargas Vila resulta aplastante, terrible, inmisericorde, en la tala de
cabezas.
Con
libre.
Vargas Vila
:
aco-
mete resueltamente contra toda clase de tiranas la tirana poltica, la tirana del oro, la tirana en el arte, la tirana social y la insoportable tirana literaria. Siempre que sean opresores, aquella afilada pluma llevar en la punta la cabeza de un tirano de sos, como en una pica de la Revolucin.
With his brave and free pen, Vargas Vila resolutely attacked all forms of tyranny politieal tyranny, the tja'anny of gold, the tyranny in art, social tyranny, and the unbearable literary tyranny. Wherever there were oppressors, his pen, like the picks of the Revolution, always carried a tyrant 's
En
la
el
eminente hom-
bre de letras funda y dirige Hispmio-Amrica, revista de recuerdo inmortal. Bajo el ojo luminoso del periodista experto desfila una solemne plyade de grandes hombres de ambos continentes. Hispano-Amrica es un lujo de revistas ilustradas y honra de Vargas Vila y de la raza. El xodo de aquel hombi-e fuerte, decididamente predesti-
cosas,
melanclico, casi lgubre, es pronto el de un verdadero combativo cuyas energas y cuyo genio lo convierten en una magnfica odisea triunfal, de triunfos autnticos jams interrumpidos. En la misma Nueva York ms tarde, al lado de la
head on its point. The prominent man of letters founded and directed Hispano-Amricd in the American metrpolis. This review left n immortal memory. With his expert journalistic eye he reviewed a solemn procession of great men of both conIt was a handsome illustrated review that did tinents. honor to Vargas Vila and his race. The exodus of that strong man, undoubtedly predestined for great things; an exodus which might have at first seemed sad, melancholy and almost lugubrious, was transformed by his combatant energy and his genius into a magnificent victorious odyssey, whose triumphs were never
New York, beside Liberty Enlightening the World, he wrote Nmesis, a powerful publication, which the formidable artillerist selected for the
129
Libertad
que
ilumina
al
mundo,
Nmeis
emplacement of his terrible mortars. From there, prompted by the violent genius of punishment and retribution, he fired without merey, his gold lenses having turned into long-range war telescopes, on the most conspicuous and powerful institutions and men, without missing one
spect,
This pamphlet, of elegant format, is in every reeven to its periods and commas, the work of a terrible antagonist, who flooded with it all the capitals in the world and even the rural districts as if with a triumphant
shot.
torch.
The novel, wliich next to the drama is the most dificult but also the most beautiful form for a great writer, was indeed the field that fate assigned to Vargas Vila to show the world of his admirers his extraordinary faculties as a most original artist, with a rare and unique style, and stupendous creations. At an early date. Aura o las vicietas was for its popularity something like a South American Lady with the Then carne Flor del fango, and in time, and Camelias.
without interrupting his prodigious activity in other fields, the novel became the symbol and eipher of the incomparable greatness of that powerful and constant creator, whose fertility and steady loftiness are truly marvelous; the reno wned American philosopher, the rara avis described by Pompey Gener; the "cosmic prose maker," as said by
Rubn Daro.
Such is the incomparable man who rests not an hour; the mighty man who will never give any rest, since his work endures for the joy of numberless admirers and the glory of the Latin race and Colombia.
JUAN PINZN
Distinguido
Naci en Medelln y ha Caldas. Tiene unos 45 aos. Empez a obrar como vivido desde nio en Manizales. directivo en la poltica del pas desde el movimiento de mai'zo de 1909 que dio pacficamente en tierra con el gobierno dictatorial del General Rafael Reyes. Elegido en 1910 a la Asamblea Constituyente y Legislativa, contribuy grandemente a la expedicin de las reformas constitucionales de aquel ao, que dieron a la Carta fundamental de la repblica un carcter nacional, y fu factor muy principal en la eleccin del Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo para Presidente de la Repblica. Asisti al Senado los 4 aos siguientes y fu en ese cuerpo leal y eficaz sostenedor del Gobierno en su lucha con los elementos extremos eoaligados contra la poltica de tolerancia y legalidad poltica y administrativa que implant y sostuvo brillantemente el rgimen presidido por Restrepo. El Dr. Pinzn, fiel a sus ideas, y ajeno a ambiciones personales, de carcter austero y franco, ha continuado independiente en el Departamento de Caldas la propaganda de ideas de moderacin y sano patriotismo que informan el partido de que es jefe muy connotado en esa regin (^el
pas.
A distinguished lawyer and political leader of the Department of Caldas. He is about forty-five years od. He was born in Medelln, but has lived in Manizales since childhood. He became a political leader during the movement which in Mareh, 1909, peacefully overthrew the dictatorial rgime of General Rafael Rej^es. In 1910 he was elected to the Constituent and Legislative Assembly, where he greatly eontributed to the enactment of the constitutional reforms that gave to the fundamental charter of the republie a truly national character. He was likewise one of those who most actively and effectively advocated the eleetion of Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo to the presidency of the republie. During the four years following he was a
Senator, loyally and efficaeiously supporting the government in its struggle against
the
coalition
of the extremists,
who
op-
posed the policy of tolerance and political and administrative legality that Restrepo
Concurri a las Convenciones Republicanas reunidas en aos de 1915 y 1917 en Bogot y a los Congresos de Cmaras de Comercio y de Mejoras Pblicas, reunidos en la misma ciudad en 1917, corporaciones donde hizo labor patritica como representante de Caldas. Llamado ltimamente a menejar la Renta de Tabaco en ese Departamento, se distingui por su espritu organizador,
los
and ably upheld. Dr. Pinzn, faithful to his principies, a stranger to personal ambition, a man of great austerity and frankness, has continued by himself in the Department of Caldas to support and spread the maxims of moderation and sound patriotism that characterize the party whose distinguished leader he is in that section of the republie. He was a member of the Republican Conventions held
initiated
in
Bogot in 1915 and 1917, and of the Congress of the Chambers of Commerce and that of Public Works, held in the same city in 1917, and in all of them he did important patriotic work as a representative of Caldas.
su integridad y energa.
Lately he served as administrator of the Tobacco Revenue in that department, showing great integrity, energy and organizing power.
130
This prominent Colombian physician was bom in Tunja on October 12, 1852. He made his first studies at the
Santicigo Prez College, and his complete studies of literature and philosophy at the Rosario College. Among his professors were Rufino Jos Cuervo, Ezequiel Rojas, Liborio Zerda, and Venancio G-. Manrique. He afterwards studied medicine and natural history at the School Medicine and Natural of Science of Colombia, where he had as professors Doctors Andrs M. Pardo, Rafael Rocha Castilla, Plata Azuero,
Antonio Vargas Vega, and Antonio Vargas Reyes. Having finished his studies in November, 1875, he went to
practice
in
the
hospitals
of
Italy,
France and England, where he spent the years 1876, 1877 and 1878. On his return to Colombia he was appointed a member of the medical faculty by the
High
En la actualidad i'egenta la de medicina legal. Fu uno de los principales fundadores de las ctedras de filosofa experimental moderna en los Institutos Externado y Universidad Republicana, en donde durante 25 aos ms o memos dict los cursos de biologa y ms tarde los de Lleva una labor psicologa y tica. docente de 37 aos. En el ejercicio de su profesin mdica trabaj especialmente en ciruga y practic algunas de las grandes operaciones quirrgicas que hasta esa poca no se haban practicado en el' pas, tales como la transfusin sangunea directa de vena a vena, y la reseccin total del maxilar inferior con reproduccin del hueso y de su dentadura. Se especializ tambin en enfermedades sifilticas y venreas y trabaj muy asiduamente en obsteca quirrgica.
tricia.
principal
modern experimental philosophy in the Externado Institute and the Republican University, where during about 25 years he taught biology and later psychology and ethics. He has now been teaching thirty-seven years. In the practice of his profession he
specialized in surgery, and performed several delicate operations that up to that time had not been performed in the country, such as the direct transfusin of blood from the veins of one person to those of another, the entire resection of the lower maxilar and subsequent reproduction of the bone and teeth. He also specialized in venereal diseases, and did a great deal of
work
in obstetries.
Desde 1880 hace parte como miembro activo de la Academia Nacional de Medicina, de la cual fu su pi'esidente. Ha sido miembro de los dos congresos mdicos nacionales, en los cuales present trabajos cientficos muy encomiados por sus colegas. Igualmente fu presidente del Consejo Superior de Sanidad y ha desempeado varias comisiones cientficas. En la "Revista Mdica" de Bogot se registran muchos trabajos suyos de importancia. En sus ratos de ociosidad, y como para buscar descanso a sus labores profesionales, ha estudiado la agronoma en general,
y tiene escrito e indito un tratado prctico sobre cultivo de rboles, hortalizas, flores y rboles frutales con acopio de las frmulas ms importantes sobre los abonos ms
convenientes y adaptables a cada cultivo.
Since 1880 he has been an active member of the National Aeademy of Medicine, of which he was president. He has been a delgate to the national medical eongresses, before which he has read scientific papers highly praised by his colleagues. He was also president of the High Couneil of Sanitation, and has been a member of several scientific commissions. The Revista mdica of Bogot contains many important artieles by him. During his leisure hours, and as a diversin from his professional work, he has studied general agronomy, and has the jnanuscript of a practical treatise on the growing of trees, vegetables and flowers, containing a large collection of important prescriptions for the frtilizers that are best adapted to the eultivation of diEerent producs.
Era hermoso,
genial,
hombre de mundo, bondadoso por temperamento, caritativo, afable, dulce, incapaz de daar a nadie, necesariamente inhbil para bajar al circo donde las fieras no saben apreciar Cuando sinti en su estas cualidades.
frente los estigmas del genio, que se abran en sangre, se pas la mano con indiferencia e imagin que era una simple neuralgia. La vida le llamaba al comercio de las ideas, y l tuvo que decidirse por el comercio simple en un almacn de novedades. El comercio simple en un almacn de novedades sealaba tambin el camino de la tragedia.
Ufe; but when later he carne in toueh with them, he saw extended before his eyes a vast perspeetive of humiliations and disasters. He strove to conquer evil with all his strength, but the environments closed all the roads to him. He was a handsome, genial man of the world, naturally kind, charitable, affable and sweet; incapable of hurting anybody unnecessarily and unfit withal to enter the cireus of gladiators where such qualities as he possessed count for little. When he felt upon his brow the throbs of genius, oozing blood, he passed his hand over his forehead indifferently,
it
was
Tal es la tragedia de su vida social. Existe tambin la tragedia de su vida espiritual. Silva recibi apenas el bautismo de la ciencia. Los colegios por donde pase su serena adolescencia ocasin de apenas suministraban aprender nada. El da en que sinti las mordeduras del genio sobre la frente, tendi la vista hacia atrs para averiguar lo que haba aprendido en la escuela, y descubrir, como todos nosotros, que no saba nada. Otros
habamos hecho ese descubrimiento y habamos emprendido una doble tarea. Estbamos desaprendiendo las falsas e incompletas nociones del colegio, y mientras lucrbamos el pan de cada da, tratbamos de adquirir ideas menos falsas y menos incompletas que las primeras. En esto encontrbamos una diversin y la disfrazbamos de fin noble, a falta de otras disciplinas caballerescas. La seriedad con que Silva mir
siempre la vida le hizo considerar con gesto trgico esta ocurrencia de todos los das. Se precipit a adquirir conocimientos con un ardor religioso. Mas, como descubra que para leer a Spencer, verbigracia, era necesario saber mecnica, historia natural, qumica, etnografa, ciencias exactas, su desesperacin no tena lmites. Cmo sera posible adquirir todos estos couocinaientos en un corto espacio de tiempo? Lo que para nosotros era una orga de adquisiciones cientficas, para l se converta en una especie de tormento.
Pretendi gozar de la vida con igualdad .y plenitud, difundir su conciencia por todos los resquicios del universo, hacer suyas a un mismo tiempo la visin apolnea y la dionisaca. Logr solamente, en el medio adverso donde hubo de agitarse, convertir su organismo en la ms delicada y exquisita mquina de sufrir. B. Sann Cano.
Life called him to the commerce of ideas, and yet his fate was to attend to commerce of trade in a novelty store. The simple commerce of such a shop pointed to the road of tragedy. Such was the tragedj' of his social life; but there was also tragedy in his Silva had hardly respiritual life. ceived the baptism of seience, for the schools which he attended in his j'outh did uot alford the opportunity to learn anything. When he first felt the throbs of genius on his brow, he searched the past in order to ascertain what he had learned at school, finding to his dismay, like many of us, that he knew IManj^ of us, like him, had nothing. made such a discovery and taken upon ourselves a double task, namely, to unlearn the false knowledge acquired at school and to learn something more solid and less false, while working for our daily bread. In this we found a diversin, disguising our humble callings under the mantle
only a headache.
which Silva always looked upon life a tragic gTimace the happenings of ordinary daily life. He hastened to get knowledge with true religious ardor; but his despair was boundless when
he discovered that in order to read Spencer, for instance, it was necessary to know mechanics, phj^sics, chemistry. ethnograpliy and other branehs of the exact sciences. And how would it be pos.sible to acquire so much knowledge in a short time ? So, what for some of us was a literary banquet, was for him a sort of torment. He endeavored to enjoy life to its full, to diffuse his consciousness through all the chinks and crevices of the world, to propitiate now Apollo now Bachus; but, surrounded as he was bj' an adverse mdium, he only succeeded in converting his organism into a suffering machine. B. Sann Cano.
. . .
Nacido en un medio elegante, con doble atavismo aristocrtico; favorecido por la naturaleza en los dones de la belleza varonil, realzada por l con exquisito esmero de dandi); con una fuerza rara de asimilacin intelectual, y
sed inaplacable de sabidura, desde los bancos del colegio viajero aprovechado por los centros ms cultos de Europa lector incansable en varias lenguas y de mltiples materias analizador sutil de cosas y almas; soador y aventurero; paradojal maridaje de energa y veleidad orgulloso, bello, sabio, escptieo y sereno, Jos Asuncin Silva, si no era el hombre maduro para Goethe, s lo hubiese estado para
:
acompaar a Po Cid en la conquista del Reino de Maya. Su psicologa no era una mezcla de sentimentalismo e indecisin juvenil ese yo, para usar la expresin de Tolstoy, "era un hermoso animal sano y robusto."
:
Born in eleganee, with a double aristoeratic atavism; favored b.y nature with a manly beuty which he enhanced with the care of a dandy; gifted with a rare power of intellectu^l assimilation and possessed of an unquenchable a keen traveler thirst for knowledge f rom his childhood in the best centers of European culture; indefatigable reader of varied subjects in many tongues; subtle analyzer a dreamer and venturesome soul of things and souls a strange mixture of energy and fickleness; proud, handsome, leanied, skeptic and serene withal, such was Jos Asuncin Silva. And if he was not the ripe man, according to Goethe, nevertheless he was most fit to aeeompany Pi Cid in his conquest of the Kingdom of Maya. His psychology was not a blend of sentimentality and j'outhful indecisin; his ego answered to the words of Tolstoy, "a beautiful animal, healthy and robust."
;
;
132
Como todos nuestros hombres de fuerte individualidad, al medio en que naci y actu lo ms de su vida, a su propia tierra no debi las grandes cualidades caractersticas de
terruo nativo pudo ofrecerle otra cosa que "el escenario y los bastidores." Silva fu siempre un desadaptado y, como tal, reaccionario. Su rebelda recorri todas las formas, y la sociedad, que no logr comprenderle, lleg, sin mucho, a tolerarle, pero jams a amarle. Algo hered, sin duda, de sus antepasados, de su voluntad frrea, de su predileccin por la opulencia. Lo dems debe rastrearse fuera, en el alma complicada del moderno europeo, en el descontento iiniversal, en las orientaciones novsimas, en el proceso intelectual del mundo. Su constante actitud paradjica era una apuesta perpetua contra la rutina. A haber tenido poder para tanto, habra intentado Silva, como disciplina a su dialctica invencible, catequizar a don Quijote para banquero neoyorquino, y al para paladn el Quijote anglosajn positivista Rbinson de desdichados. Acosbale a veces la invasora "canallera moderna," y entonces era el refugiarse a aquellos ureos tiempos del individualismo feroz. All estaba su zona los prncipes hazaosos y violentos del Renacimiento italiano eran sus hroes. Ese refinado se asfixiaba con las lentas tramitaciones comerciales por entre cuyas tablas de guarismos acecha la rihaba conoqueza, semejante a una araa. Slo el siglo Ludovieo el Moro, cido el secreto de la piedra mirfica Mara Galeas Sforza, Hercules I, Csar Borgia he ah los afortunados que no vieron a Lutero adivinando el enigma Cmo de la Esfinge que velaba el tesoro de los paganas. hubiese saboreado Silva los epigramas latinos ~'de Sannasu mentalidad.
si el
Like
his
all our men of strong individuality, he owed not to own country or to the mdium in which he lived and
acted,
the
characteristic
if his
qualities
of his mentality.
offer
It
Mucho
were much
environments could
him aught
be-
and the screens. Silva was e'ver the unadapted man and, henee, reactionary; his rebellion assumed all shapes, and society, who could never understand him, simply tolerated him but never
sides the scenery
learned to love him. Doubtless he inherited from his ancestors part of his iron will and of his love of opulence; his other qualities must be traced to foreign sources, to the complicated soul of modern Europe, to the universal discontent, to the new orientations in the intellectual proee'sses of the world. lis constantly paradoxical attitude was a gage to routine had Silva had the power, he would have tried,
;
as a discipline to his invincible dialectics, to persuade Don Quixote to be a New York banker, and the English positivist
XV
He was at times beset by the "modern multitude" and then he took refuge in the golden age of ferocious individthe exploitful and violent ualism thre was his fied were his hroes. His rerenaissance Italian princes of the fined nature smothered, in the ordinary mercantile pui-suits, behind the accounts and figure-tables behind which wealth watches like a spider. To him, only the 15th century had
; :
held
the
the
;
secret
of
the
wonder-working stone
;
Ludovic
zaro!
de
o
Bl nico dibujo que conocemos de su mano es el retrato un extrao personaje un conquistador en viaje a Indias
:
Cesare Borgia, these were the lucky ones; for they did not have to see Luther trying to decipher the enigma of the Sphinx who guarded the treasure-house of Paganism. How Silva would have relished the Latin epigrams of Sannazaro The only di-awing made by him we have seen is the poron trait of a man; whether it represents a conquistador
I.
un condattiere? quiz esto! Ese amor enfermizo de lo artificial, que informa a Beau-
his
way
to
America or
a condottiere
is
hard
to say; the
latter perchance.
para Silva, en la vida real, fuente de constante desazn y de pesquisa insaciable y diligente: guardaba su bodega desde el aguardiente de la selva Negra hasta el costossimo Tokay, y qu contrariedad hubiera sido para el munfico seor no poder ofrecer a la alta dama que frecuentaba su saln el ltimo perfume que consagr Pars!
delaire, fu
That sickly love of the artificial known to Beaudelaire was for Silva in his real life a constant source of imtaIn his tion and a subject of his steady and keen search. of the brandy white the from found to be was cellar prvate Black Forest to the costly Tokay and how annoying would
;
y rareza: tena del Des Doriau Gray de Osear Wilde del seor de Phocas de Jean Lorrian y del infatigable creador Po Cid de ngel Ganivet. Y esa movilidad espiritual era cual un reflejo de la anarqua de los instintos traducida a la lnea de conducta habitual por caprichosas ondulacioTodo respiraba en
l
distincin
del
Esseintes de
Huysmans y
have been for this lordly host not to have been able to latest present to the high lady who often called on hini the distincbreathes Silva in verything Pars. from perfume Esseintes of tion and queerne.ss; he was a part of Des the Phocas of Wilde Osear Huysman, of Dorian Grey of of GaniCid Pi indefatigable the of of Jean Lorrain and
;
vet.
And
was
nes morales.
Mal podra exigirse de quien slo escribi para ejercicio de una fundicin interior (la eliminacin) la unidad, que tantas veces ha sido proclamada elemento necesario de la belleza artstica, a pesar del caso adverso del Fausto de
Lenau. Silva, como Wilde, puso genio en su vida, y a escribir consagr slo talento. La mayor parte de su obra se hundi con L'Amrique; disolvise el resto en el olvido con las sonoras espirales de su hablar intenso y moroso, o agoniza en la edicin barcelonesa, incongruente, fragmentario, mutilado. La movilidad psicolgica hija de su temperamento impresionista sugirile los ms variados temas sobre este solo motivo, cifra y compendio de filosofa nihilista, de que
line of anarchy of instinct transferred to the habitual undulations. conduct by capricious moral He who writes only for the exercise of an inward func. . .
follow that tion-elimination, couid hardly be expected to of artiselement necessary a as proclaimed unity which is Lenau. of Faust the of case adverse the tie beauty, despite set the seal of genius on his life and deSilva, like Wilde,
The greater part of his voted' only talent to his writings. L-Amenque (a works went down in the wreck of
Colombia) the French steamer wrecked on the coast of the sonorous with together oblivion rest was swallowed by in the agonizes or morse, and intense speeeh, waves of his
;
made
En el hizo l la empresa de su escudo: Nada de nada. .sentido de la tristeza, sus cantos slo son "las sombras que proyectan las cosas cuando cae sobre ellas el sol del cono133
temperament, The psychological mobility born of his mnst varied the him to which was impressionistic, suggested themes on
this motive alone, the
sum
his motto:
"Nothing of Nothing."
things
Regarding sadness, his poems are only "the shadow of when upon them shines the sun of knowledge." For Silva, as for Zarathushtra, even simple seeing was to look
was
that of a disaster. His end did not square with the tranThe violent ending of his life quillity of his skeptieism. could be explained better not as a symptom of mana, despite the ancestral suicidal mana, but rather as an explosin of pent-up pride which is threatened by an impend-
ing humilation
to avoid
being
the triumphal car of the conqueror, or a Des Esseintes choosing a redeeming euthanasia to the perspecto
yoked
tive
libertadora.
GunjjEEMO Valencia.
GuiLbEEMO Valencia.
Seldom the mysterious voice of poetry, which is perhaps the voice of that Divine Stranger who lives within ourselves the voice of that hidden god dwelling in our mind,
;
Pocas veces la voz misteriosa de la poesa, que es acaso, la de ese divino extranjero que hay en nosotros, la de ese deus abcondus que mora en nuestro espritu, ha tenido aciertos tan grandes, ha dado con expresiones tan perfectas. Amado ervo.
has had such true inspirations, sueh perfect expression as in Jos Asuncin Silva.
Amado ervo.
GREGORIO VASQUEZ
Vsquez enriqueci a Colombia con las felices obras de su fecundo pincel. Naci en Bogot el 9 de mayo de 1638. Perteneca a familia de honrado linaje espaol. A pesar de muchos tropiezos e incomodidades, produjo inmortales obras maestras. Ante todo campean en Vsquez una incomparable nitidez en las tintas y una maestra en la composicin verdaderamente rafaelesca sus carnes son frescas y transparentes sus rostros de vrgenes, suaves y blandos como la seda; sus coros de ngeles dibujados y entonados con exquisito gusto y tratados con un amor y una pureza no superados hasta ahora, y en sus mujeres resalta la morbidez y soltura del contorno y el castsimo tinte de la entonacin. En la catedral de Bogot existe su cuadro de la Virgen del Nacimiento, de rostro suave y puro como una azucena y coronado por un armonioso coro de ngeles. En la Capilla del Sagrario, de la misma ciudad, se halla la Recolecci-n del man. Encuntranse tambin en la misma iglesia dos grandes y hermossimos lienzos. El Lavatorio y La Cena, cuadros que patentizan el innegable genio de Vsquez, artista que tiene tantas analogas con Murillo en ambos las vrgenes son puras y bellas los ngeles de los coros, areos y_ sutiles como nubeeillas; ambos artistas eran piadosos y vivieron pobres e ignorados.
;
Vsquez was a painter who enriched Colombia with the works of his fertile brush. He was bom in Bogot on the 9th of May, 1638, and belonged to a Spanish family of
fine
stainless origin.
Despite the many difficulties that he encountered, he produced some immortal masterpieces. Ther is a speeial terseness in his coloring and a mastery in his composition truly Raphaelesque. His flesh is fresh and transparent, the faces of his virgins, white and soft as silk. His ngel groups are drawn and toned with xquisite taste and treated with a love and purity not rivaled to the present day, while in his women the rotundity and the ease of eon-
Vsquez no tena una misma manera de entonar. La mayor parte de sus cuadros recuerdan el tinte plido y vago
de la escuela sevillana, otros el calor y la fogosidad de Ribera, algunos las grandes masas y la entonacin robusta del veneciano Verons. Muchas son las joyas artsticas que Bogot guarda en iglesias, conventos y casas particulares, hijas del genio de Vsquez. Colombia se glora de tener por hijo a Gregorio Vsqxtez Arce y Ceballos, de quien existen obras en algunos museos particulares de Londres y Pars y en el del Vaticano, atribuidas a Murillo, o cuando menos a algn gran maestro desconocido de la escuela sevillana, estimadas en sumas considerables.
and the chaste tints are characteristic. His painting, "Virgin of the Nativity," which is found in the eathedral of Bogot shows a lily-like face, soft and pur, crowned by a choir of angels in artistic harmony. In the chapel of the same ehurch is to be seen "the Gathering (^ the Manna, as are also the large and beautiful canvases "The Washing of Feet," and "The Last Supper," all of which will immortalize the genius of Vsquez, an artist having many analogies with the Spaniard Murillo: in both the virgins are pur and beautiful; the angels of the choirs, aerial and as subtle as clouds; and both artists were poor and devout, and lived in obseurity. Vsquez did not always tone up his pictures in the same way the greater prt of them remind one of the vague and pal tints of the Sevilla school others, of the warmth and fire of Ribera while still others, of the large masses and the robust intonation of the Venetian, Paulo Veronese. Many are the artistic jewels from the palette and genius of Vsquez treasured in the churches of Bogot. Colombia glories in having as her son the painter Gregorio Vsqiiez Arce y Ceballos, some of whose works may be seen in prvate colleetions of London and Paris, and in the Vatican, and not few of which are attributed to Murillo or at least to some unknown painters of the Sevilla school and are worth much money.
tours
'
' ;
;
He was a Civil and Militaiy Engineer, an active member of the Colombian Society of Engineers, the founder of the Colegio Acadmico, the Universidad Republicana and
134
Escolar Colombiano" y de "El Educacionista" y autor de diez textos de enseanza. El doctor Rueda naci el ao de 1858 en el Rosario de Ccuta, Departamento Norte de Santander, en la misma casa en que haba nacido Francisco de Paula Santander, uno de los Padres de la patria colombiana; hizo sus estudios en la capital de la repblica y alcanz puesto prominentsimo entre los matemticos, ciencia a la cual se dedic. Sus textos de enseanza estn adoptados en todas las escuelas y colegios de la nacin y son muy conocidos como obras de consulta en algunas de las repblicas de Sur Amrica. La mayor parte de los hombres que hoy ocupan a;ltos puestos en la poltica, en el comercio y en la banca fueron sus discpulos y una de las demostraciones ms solemnes del respeto, la admiracin y la gratitud que la sociedad a que perteneci le guarda a su memoria, fu la peregrinacin que se hizo a su tumba, a la cual asitieron todos sus discpulos y admiradores, y se pudo ver que en aquella enorme multitud figuraban los ms respetables miembros de la sociedad de Bogot en representacin de todas las corporaciones. El doctor Manuel Antonio Rueda puede considerarse en Colombia como uno de los mrtires del patriotismo y de la ciencia, porque la enilermedad que lo llev a la tumba tuvo por causa el enorme trabajo intelectual que desarroll para cumplir el precepto de ensear
;
Liceo Mercantil; a prof essor of mathematics in the National University, the Colegio del Rosario and Sehool of Civil and Military Engineering, all of Bogot. He was the Editor of "El Escolar Colombiano" and of "El Ediicacionalista," and author of ten
text-books.
Doctor Rueda was born in Rosario de Ccuta, Department of Santander, in the year 1858, and in the same house as Francisco de Paula Santander, one
of the fathers of the Independence of
Colombia. He was educated at Bogot and always oecupied a prominent position amongst the mathematieians of the
all
His text-books have been adopted in the schools and eolleges of Colombesides
bia,
as
works of reference in several other Spanish-American republies. Most of the public men of Colombia to-day were his pupils, as were also men prominent nowadays in banking
and commeree.
to
One of the greatest proofs of respect given Rueda 's memory was the pilgrimage made to his grave
all his
od pupils,
Doctor Rueda
to the grave
in
may
him was contracted through hard intellectual work, pursuit of his mission to enlighten the ignorant.
in 1907.
He died
135
G.
Doctor Ramrez G. belonged to that generation of vigorous men who gave luster to the republic. He was a most distinguished jurist, and his knowledge of the law led him to occupy several posts as Magistrate of the Courts of He distinguished himself alJustice. ways by his spotless honesty, the reccharacter, and by his courage. The sentences which he dictated and his juridical writings are jewels of the Colombian bar.
Fu un muy distinguido y su
la repblica.
sabidura en la ciencia del Derecho lo llev a ociipar varias plazas de magistrado en los tribunales de justicia. Se distingui siempre por su probidad
insospechable,
por la entereza de su
titude
of
his
carcter y por su raro valor civil. Las sentencias que dict y sus escritos jurdicos
rai'e
civic
son verdaderas joyas del foro colombiano. Era un polemista gil y temible, a la vez que un escritor castizo y ameno.
He was an
and
at the
Saba
fiarse
valer.
Pero uo slo sobi'esalio en las luchas de la mente. Fu intrpido explorador de selvas vrgenes y amigo de dejar huella de su paso por la vida marcndola con las armas de labor que fecundizan la tierra.
Muri
a la
edad de 63 aos,
el
S de
mayo de
1914.
entertaining writer. He knew how to impose respeet on his personality, trusting in nothing but his own courage. But not only in intellectual pursuits did he suceeed, for he was an intrepid explorer of wild forests and always endeavored to leave b'ehind him his distinct f ootsteps along lif e 's paths, blazing his way with those weapons of labor which bring forth the fruits of the earth. He belonged to one of the oldest and most prominent families of Antioquia, his native state. He died on May 8, 1914, at the age of 63.
Born
1S63.
Leal.
at Yanunal, Department of Antioquia, April 4, His parents were Juan de Dios Vsquez and Rafaela He was brought up in absolute poverty, and through
succeeded in aequiring a knowledge of mining engineering, which he later improved in the Marmato mines, where he worked for several years without financia! advantage but adding to his knowledge the results of his maturo judgment, as well Later, he of long experience. as worked with the firm of Ospina Brothers of Medelln for ten consecutive years, being noted for his devotion to work, his rare uprighteousness and his He left the irreproachable honesty. firm in 1903 to take charge of the managment of the Banco del Comercio, in
the
same
eity.
this bank, to
etforts
and knowledge, enjoyed great By that time he had succeeded in accumulating some means, by dint of patience and great economy, and so he was enabled to Uve comfortHowever, fickle fate afiflicted ably. him with misfortune, in which he never knew weakness, but worked on with implicit faith in the future. Under the strain of his bad situation, he accepted
prosperity.
in 1909 the administration of revenues of the Department of Nario, and once more his admirable qualities and his
there he showed
abilitv as a
136
of the administration of the Bogot Mint, where he remained for about six months, being highly esteemed and respected on account of his enviable gifts. Later he was appointed inspector of the salt mines, which position he kept eight months. In 1911 the govemment of Dr. Carlos
him manager
of the
There he turned to advantage his knowledge and devoted himself to the study of that source of national wealth. There he died on the 28th of December, 1916, doing his duty to the end. He left several papers relating to those mines. They are now in the hands of his family, not having yet been published,
of mineralogy,
bre.
Era amante de las letras y dej algunos cuentos publicados en varios rganos de la prensa medellinense. Su estilo era puro, su expresin fcil, y era un psiclogo profundo y un gran conocedor de la humanidad. En los juegos florales de Medelln en el ao de 1904 obtuvo el primer premio violeta de oro enprosa literaria, Mucho ms con su hermoso cuento titulado Arroyo. pudiera decirse de este ciudadano modelo, pero basta con lo dicho para poner de relieve de lo que es capaz un hijo de su propio esfuerzo.
and may prove of great importance for the future of the He left his family a truc fortune, namely: his untarnished ame. He was vei-y fond of literature, and left several tales printed in various Medelln publications. He had a correct and easy style, was a profound sociologist, and had a deep knowledge of mankind. In the floral games of Medelln
mines.
held in 1904, he
literary
won
the
first
prize
gold violet
tale
for
prose,
awarded for
his
beautiful
entitled
Arroyo (The Strean). A great deal more could be said about this model citizen, but what has been said is sufficient to show what can be accomplished by a self-made man.
137
BELLEZAS COLOMBIANAS
j
BEAUTIFUL COLOMBIAN
WOMEN
141
-~<;
i>wf5*s'-r/
142
Se^ora Victoria
S. de Arciniegas (Bogot)
L
Seorita Lucia Restrepo (Bogot)
143
^. Matriz
^^
fi^
(bogot)
146
147
Seiora Alicia
Arango de Meja
(Medelln)
149
150
"^^IcJa BOtt^^.
151
152
153
154
155
m^""W ^^H
^^^^^K^tt
^^^^^^^H<9r^^^
i.
^H nH
ll
.."!
|^^^Ei5__Ll_;.
_3^1
(Medelln)
156
ky^-*':^
1 f
'
'^^H
B^^^H
Seorita Cecilia Zamorano
(Cali)
158
ipm ^^^^^BT^V
R^^^^_^
,^^^^^^B
^^^^^^^^^k
^^^H Pl^H
^Ji^M
^y^^^^^^^^^^I
^^^(1 L^l
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^IvB
159
Seorita
V
*%
160
161
Seorita
Rosa Pacheco
(Ocaa)
162
Seorita
Mercedes Velsquez
(Manizales)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^K^2^
^gfl^H|HH|Hu^.
'
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^B^
f!"*i''
1 H
^m
^^^^^^^^^^H
iLrm
ff^^^^^^E,
^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^B
^~-
ll
Kf.'
- \t:.-'\
c^
'
1
Seorita Beatriz Pumarejo (Barranquilla)
164
^Sf
165
in
'^
CJI'^I
F
^^1
riiii
^iy^^
HLhiikk-->^t'JI
Seorita Mara Tribin
(Ibagu)
166
167
168
mi
m
Seorita Hemilce Navarro (Com-ExciN) Seorita Carmen Martnez
(Con\'encin)
169
Seoritas
de Medina
170
SEORA AMELIA
O.
(CARTA6EKA)
PE MARTNEZ
172
173
174
->^^
'
(BOGOT)
176
177
Seorita
Unda
178
179
'
4
>
;'#^'s.f
"^
^ rj
^
(Salazar)
^^^tltS
180
181
182
Duran
183
184
s.\
^r~ir^ ^s:
^.
*.^^jSn
'
"1
j^^^ft
%^* 7^-#
<*
f J
HHi^'
^''
K
Seorita Nativa Gmez
(Zapatoca)
S.
1
Seorita Luisa Mara Gmez (Zapatoca)
185
S.
186
(Bucaramanga)
187
^
H;
'
'
'-^'^^^^^^^^^1
1 ^Hi^i H 1
^^
^j
H^^^^H^
''-^1 ^^^^H
^^^^1
^^^^^^^^B .k'fiirjjr';.
mf
188
189
190
<
^
i
tu,,
^^ijl-,
fc:r
191
DEPARTAMENTOS DE LA REPBLICA
MAPA DE
'El
MAP OF
COLOMBIA
Published by
Publicado por
Rand McNally
.
&
Co., Chcago-New
York
^^
KILMfrnoS
KILOMETERS
CLAVE - KEY
Ciihearn
i/t
Dc,artfp\e\itK,
(Dtj/nrtinenf Capitai
^~
AUlran
inipiirlnites
{Impornnt Tnwna)
(yatiouat Boundariea)
^~-^ DeyartnvietituiilDepiirrinenta)
Maracaib)
caracas
^^.1
y>
J^^S.Onoff:
'
"^ "'^ P *
S;
fe
g,-Kl
''^
/flO"
""""'^^-tf
del
r.
"<
.,
'-^^
.'-
Darien
San
rl
y
Golj a^
.}m
Panam
:6n\S/NT
f^q'^!
)A^
n-'Cnsiiba
/'una
'
Pueblo NiievQi
^^A
Gu
;!,
(INTENDENCIA)
San JosQ,
/
.
\^
,
Punta-'
O/
'-
Ibarra
,*
j
.?,'QTTd
[Cl\c
fl'iLatiacunga
Manicaji
^^.
n p
i.JT5_
...^^
Baliahji
=V
,
//VO/OS
vv\G u ayaqu
Azojju
O
"j-r
oLoja
( Negriioi,
Mar
^Z^
S5^
tnyv^r
CVuriniaguas
N.Mgj(cbaiiibav
'
XX
S-
Q.
Km
i:
Coostanca
ANTIOQUIA
Uno de los catorce departamentos en que est dividida polticamente la Eepblica de Colombia. LMITES. Por el norte el Golfo de Urab y el Departamento de Bolvar por el este los Departamentos de Santander y Boyac por el sur el de Caldas y por el occidente la Intendencia del Choc. SUPERFICIE. La extensin del departamento es de 72,000 kilmetros cuadrados; supera en extensin a cada uno de los otros departamentos, a las dos Repblicas del Salvador y Costa Rica, y es igual a Blgica y Holanda
; ;
One
is
politically divided.
Bo'undaries. On the north, the Gulf of Urab and the Department of Bolvar; on the east, the Departments of Santander and Boyac; on the south, the Department of Caldas; and on the west, the Intendancy (territory) of
Choc. Afea. The rea of the department is 72,000 square kilometers; it is larger than that of an3^ of the other departments, and also larger than those of Salvador and Costa Rica combined, and equal to those of Belgium and Holland together. As the rea of Colombia is 1,181,573 square kilometers, that of Antioquia is 6 per cent of that of the whole country. Location. The department is located between the navigable rivers Magdalena and Atrato, and has coasts on the Caribbean sea, on the eastern part of the Gulf of Urab. Mouniains. Of the three branches into which the Andes Cordillera divides on entering Colombia at the south, two go through Antioquia, namely the.western branch, or Cor-
which traverses
all
department from south to north, west of the Cauca river; and the central branch, or Central Cordillera, which subdivides, on entering the department, into three branches; they also traverse it from south to north and end in the Bolvar Sabanas. The many ramifications of these cordilleras make of Antioquia the most hilly and uneven department in all the country, there being flat lands only in a few narrow valleys. Valleys. The principal valleys are found on the bauks of the Magdalena, Cauca, Atrato, Porce, Nech, Murr, Sucio and Len rivers, and around the towns of Abejorral^ Antioquia, La Ceja, Sonsn and Urrao. Plateaus. Those of Ovejas and Santa Rosa. Rivers. The soil of the department is watered by three rivers navigable by steamboats the Magdalena and the Atrato, which are navigable in all their eourse through the department, and the Cauca, a tributary of the Magdalena, which is navigable only in part. Other rivers, tributarles of the foregoing, are navigable in short tracts by minor craft; such are the La Miel, Nare, us, San Bartolom, It, Crtama, San Juan, Taraza, Man, Arma, Poblanco, Porce, Nech, Arqua, Sucio, Murr, Len, Sin, San Jorge,
etc.
Salto de Guadalupe
Falls of Guadalupe
juntas. Siendo la extensin de Colombia de 1,181,573 kilmetros cuadrados, resulta Antioquia con una rea equivalente al seis por ciento del territorio colombiano. SITUACIN. Est situado entre los ros navegables Magdalena y Atrato, y tiene costas sobre el mar de las Antillas en la parte oriental del Golfo de Urab. CORDILLERAS. De los tres ramales en que se divide la Cordillera de los Andes al penetrar a Colombia por el sur, dos atraviesan a Antioquia el ramal occidental, o Cordillera del Citar, que cruza todo su territorio de sur a norte, al occidente del ro Cauca, y el central, o Cordillera Central, que se subdivide al entrar al departamento en tres ramales que lo recorren tambin de sur a norte y que van a morir en las Sabanas de Bolvar. Las ramificaciones que forman estas cordilleras hacen de Antioquia el terreno ms arrugado, pendiente y desigual de todo el pas, y solo hay tierras planas en el fondo de algunos valles es:
trechos.
VALLES. Los principales se encuentran en las riberas de los ros Magdalena, Cauca, Atrato, Porce, Neeh, Murr, Sucio y Len, y en Abejorral, Antioquia, La Ceja, Sonsn y Urrao.
195
Water Falls. Those of Guadalupe, Aures, BuUes, Prez, and others of less importance. The grand physical wonder of Antioquia is the falls of Guadalupe, formed by the river of the same ame, which dashes tumultuously from an immense height down to a great depth. The river flows mild and playfully on the Carolina platean, winding its way softly and calmly, and forming bends of great eharm and beauty. On reaching the edge of the mountaiu, it glides down a steep rock with the velocity of lightning. It then dashes in a noisy cataract on the sharp projeetion of a large erag. Clouds of white foam, rebouuding from the rock, float in the atmosphere, as if wishing to retrace their steps and fearing what is below; but, compelled by their weight, they again preciptate themselves in a cascade into a sienite bowl below, whence, churued and convnlsed, they give forth clouds of purest vapor. The waters, going on, repeat the same phenomenon, theu gather together into one single ma-ss, and finally leap into the abyss below. After that, the magnifieent spectacle is continued in a succession of rapids, projecting rocks, tranquil pools and other striking features, sometimes with deafening noise, sometimes murmuring or producing the soft sound of distant eehoes, until, very far below, the gold sands of the Guadalupe again come together and join in a eommon bed the gold sands of the Porce river. Lagoons (Cinagas). Adentro, guila, Barbacoas,
ALTIPLANICIES. Las
ROS.
por:
el
Riegan su Magdalena y
territorio,
Cauca, afluente del Magdalena, navegable slo en parte. Son tambin navegables en cortos trayectos por embarcaciones menores, otros afluentes de los anteriores, como los de La Miel, Nare, us, San Bartolom, It, Crtama, San Juan, Taraza, Man, Arma, Poblaneo, Porce, Neeh, Arqua, Sucio, Murr, Len, Sin, San Jorge,
baan su
el
In the Altrato river, the large Atrato island; Islands. in the Cauca river, those of Rionuevo, Guarumo, Mosquitos,
and Taraza.
Cceres, Margento, Islitas, Nech, Nare, Puerto Ports. Berro, Puerto Caln, Valdivia, and Zaragoza, fluvial; and Turbo, on the Gulf of Urab. Atlantic Seaboard. Antioquia has a litoral of 215 kilo-
etc.
y
j
,
1^
^^
ij
Las de Guadalupe, Aures, Bulles, Prez La gran maravilla fsica de Antioquia es el salto denominado Guadalupe, en el cual las corrientes del ro de este nombre se precipitan turbulentas y agitadas desd una inmensa altura hasta una inmensa profundidad. El ro, manso y retozn sobre la planicie de Carolina, se encorva blanda, muelle y dulcemente sobre s mismo, haciendo recodos llenos de encanto y de belleza pero llegado al borde de la montaa, se desliza por una roca inclinada, con la velocidad propia del surco luminoso de una centella.
otras inferiores.
;
CASCADAS.
'
^
.,
all en adelante s arroja en ruidosa catarata hasta la parte saliente y agnada de un gran pedernal. Blancas espumas, repercutidas por el choque, se revuelven en la atmsfera como ai-repentidas de su carrera y temerosas de lo que sign; pero obligadas por su peso se arrojan de nuevo en violenta cascada hasta una gran tina de sienita, donde chocadas y removidas hierven y despiden densas nubes de pursimo vapor. Todava andando ms repiten el fenmeno anterior, se descuelgan de nuevo, se rompen en su descenso, se recogen luego en una sola masa y se estrellan definitivamente en el abismo que les sirve de trmino. Las aguas, continuando su curso convulsivo, prolongan luego este magnfico espectculo grandes pedernales, cataratas seguidas, mansos, remansos, vorgines y otros accidentes acompaados de ruidos estridentes, murmurios y ecos lejanos, producen como una especie de cadena que va a perderse muy lejos, y ya cuando las doradas arenas del Guadalupe se mezclan y se abrazan en un solo lecho con las doradas arenas del Porce. CINAGAS. Las de Adentro, guila, Barbacoas, Blanca, Grande, Pura, San Lorenzo, Sardinitas y Tada. ISLAS. En el ro Atrato, la grande isla del Atrato en el ro Cauca, Rionuevo, Guarumo, Mosquitos y Taraza. PUERTOS. Cceres, Margento, Islitas, "Nech, Nare, Puerto Berro, Puerto Caln, Valdivia y Zaragoza, fluviales; y Turbo, en el Golfo de Urab, martimo. LITORAL ATLNTICO. Antioquia tiene 215 kilmetros de costas martimas, desde Punta Arboletes a Punta Caribana y todo el seno del Golfo de Urab. Este litoral se compone de terrenos feraces y propios para el cultivo de bananos, arroz, caf, cacao, etc.
:
De
Camino de herradura
A bridle road
meters from Punta Arboletes to Punta Caribana, and all the inner part of the Gulf of Urab. This litoral consists of very fertile lands suitable for the raising of bananas,
rice, cofee, cacao, etc.
Producciones
Antioquia es el departamento ms minero de Colombia. Posee grandes yacimientos metalros, especialmente en minas de oro y plata; hacia la regin del Choc, los aluviones aurferos tienen alguna proporcin variable de platino. Las minas son de dos clases: de aluvin y de veta. Los ros Porce, Nech, Cauca, Nare y us, y algunos de los pequeos afluentes de stos, son bien conocidos por sus aluviones de todas las denominaciones. Los distritos ms abundantes en minas de veta son los de Remedios, Titirib, Anor, Amalfi y Santa Rosa. ltimamente han dado un gran impulso a la explotacin de las minas: el sistema hidrulico para la explotacin de placeras; el dragado de los ros y playas adyacentes, y el de eianuracin para el beneficio de las arenas en las minas de veta. La exportacin de metales preciosos de Antioquia ha sido como sigue, en varios perodos:
196
REINO MINERAL.
Natural Prqducts
Mineral Kingdom. Antioquia is the leading mining depai-tment in Colombia. It has large metallic deposits, espeeilly gold and silver. In the Choc regin, gold-bearing The mines are alluvions contain more or less platiuum. The Porce, of two kinds; namely: alluvial and lode. Nech, Cauca, Nare and us rivers, and some of their small tributaries, are well known for their alluvial de-
The distriets where lode mines are Remedios, Titirib, Anor, Amalfi, and Santa Rosa. Of late a great impulse has beeu given to the development of mines, with the introduction of the hydraulic system for placer mining; the dredging of rivers and adjacent sliores, and the cyaniding process for the treatment of sand in the lode mines. The exportation of precious metis from Antioquia for the years given has been as f ollows
posits of various kinds.
are niost
common
El nmero de minas eu las que se trabaja en la actualidad Sees insiguiticaute comparado con el de minas tituladas. gn datos oficiales haban sido tituladas 12,181 minas hasta 1913. Probablemente muchas de stas habrn resultado insignificantes al prospectarlas o al montarlas; y no pocas habrn sido tituladas dos o ms veces. Sin embargo, descartadas stas y aqullas, queda una cantidad considerable de minas, tanto de aluvin como de veta, que esperan nuevas vas de comunicacin o capital a bajo inters para
El dragaje, ensayado con tan buen minas de Pato, ofrece grandes posibilidades de fortunas en las hoyas de nuestros ros bajos, especialmente en el Porce y el Nech. En la capital del departamento existen cuatro laboratorios de fundicin y ensayes para metales preciosos, que coadyuvan eficazmente al trabajo de las minas. Cuenta el departamento con varias fuentes saladas, diseminadas en el territorio, muy especialmente las renombradas de Guaca, en el Distrito de Ileliconia, y las del Retiro, qu se evaporan por sistemas sumamente rudimentarios y cuyo producto no alcanza para abastecer al departamento, pues se introdujeron en el ao de 1914, de la costa Atlntica, 782 toneladas de sal de mar, y 1,280 de
entrar eu actividad.
xito en las
The number of mines at present workd is insignificant compai-ed with the number of mines denounced. According to official data, up to 1913 there liad been 12,181 mines denounced. It is likely that many of these have turned out to be of small valu when examined or started or is it unlikely that many of them have been denounced twice. However, even taking these facts into consideration, it is unquestionable that there remain a great many mines, both alluvial and lode, that may be worked as soon as there are proper means of transportation and it is possible to secur capital at low rates of interest. Dredging, which has been tried with great success in the Pato mines, opens great possibilities in the water-sheds of shallow rivers, especially the Porce and Nech. In the capital of th department there are four laboratories for the separation and assa.v of precious metis, which greatly aid mining operations. The department has several salt springs, scattered
;
de Zipaquir. materia de combustibles fsiles, posee el departamento yacimientos de carbn mineral de todas las denominaciones, desde el liito pobre hasta la hulla ms rica y productora de coke, especialmente en los Municipios de Titirib, Amaga, Fredonia, Heliconia, Santa Brbara, Zaragoza, etc. Con la construccin del ferrocarril de Amaga, est comenzando a activarse el comercio de est artculo. Antioquia produce las 4/5 partes del oro que exporta Colombia. N. A. de Moulle, ingeniero de minas, dice en "Ansu informe que public en Pars en octubre de 1887 tioquia es indudablemente uno de los pases del globo donde se encuentran en mayor abundancia yacimientos aurferos de toda clase." La ramificacin de la Cordillera de los Andes que penetra en territorio antioqueo, subdividindose luego en numerosos ramales, hace que este suelo sea quebrado y montuoso en sumo grado. Los terrenos primitivos que rompieron estas montaas en su levantamiento, y las enormes masas eruptivas que las componen, estn atravesaEn los valles dos en todas partes por filones aurferos. ms o menos estrechos sinuosos y profundos cruzados en todas direcciones por ros, riachuelos y arroyos, descansan los depsitos aluviales de oro, bajo capas de arenas, arcillas, cascajo y conglomerados, cuyo espesor y disposicin es muy variable cuando no se halla el oro en las mismas arenas
sal
En
superficiales.
El oro de Antioquia se halla aleado con la plata, pero en proporciones tan variadas como no hay ejemplo en ningn El oro de aluvin contiene entre otro pas del mundo. 3.5 y 36.6 por ciento de plata, y el oro de los filones entre El incremento progi-esivo de las 8.1 y 65.7 por ciento. explotaciones mineras en. Antioqiiia, y tambin en Caldas, Nario, Tolima y Choc, merece figurar entre las ms imComo comprobacin, portantes industrias nacionales. vase el siguiente dato del producto de las minas de Antioquia en metales preciosos
throughout its territory. Among them the mo.st famous are those of Guaca, in the district of Heliconia, and those of Retiro. The evaporation is efected by very primitive methods, and the output of the springs is not even sufficient to supply the department, as shown by the fact that 782 tons of seasalt were introduced in 1914 from the Atlantic coast, and 1,280 tons of rock salt from Zipaquir. As to fossil fuels, the department possesses coal fields, including all varieties, from the poorest lignite to the riehThese fields are est coal used for the production of coke. found especially in the municipalitics of Titirib, Amaga, Fredonia, Heliconia, Santa Brbara, Zaragoza, etc. The construction of the Amaga railroad has given great mpetus to the coal industry. Antioquia produces four-fifths of th gold exported from N. A. Moull, a mining engineer. says in a Colombia. report he published in Paris in October, 1887: "Antioquia is undoubtedl.y one of the richest countries in the world, and the one that contains all kinds of gold deTh branches of the posits in the greatest abundance. " Andes Cordillera which go into the territory of Antioquia, afterwards subdividing into numerous other branches, make the soil exceedingly uneven and mountainous. The primitive forniations which rupturecl these mountains in their upheaval, and the enormous eruptive masses forming them, are traversed everywhere by gold-bearing veins. In the valleys, which are usually narrow, deep and sinuous, and are traversed in all directions by rivers and small streams, there are alluvial gold deposits under sand, clay, gravel and conglomrate layers, whose thickness and posiIn some cases, however, gold is found tion are variable. in the surface sands. The Antioquia gold is mixed with silve', in siich variable portions as have not been recorded in any other part of The alluvial gold contains between 3.5 and the world. 36.6 per cent of silver; and the lod gold, between 8.1
65.7 per cent. The growing mine development in Antioquia, as well as in Caldas, Nario, Tolima and Choc should be mentioned among the most important factors of
and
As a proof, the following table shownational progress. ing the production of precious metis in Antioquia is given
In the second half of the 16th century During the 17th century During the ISth century From 1801 to 1886
Total production up to 1886
$10,000,000 50,000,000 64,000,000 126,000,000
En
siglo
XVI
:
$ 10,000,000
50,000,000 64,000,000 126,000,000
De
1801 a 1886
$250,000,000
$250,000,000
las
El siguiente cuadro indica los nombres de algunas de minas antioqueas, el distrito en que estn situadas, su
calidad
y producido:
197
The following table gives the ames of some Antioquian mines, the districts in which they are situated, their eharacter, and their output:
Distrito
Calidad
Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Veta Aluvin Aluvin Aluvin Aluvin Aluvin Aluvin
Producto EN 1913
$297,000 57,000 415,000 48,250 83,910 60,432 11,560
19,700 1,200 7,900 20,000 21,400 4,400 1,900 53,000 30,000 250,000 13,600 11,200 6,700
Mines
Zancudo and Chorros
Distriot
Character
Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode Lode
Alluvion Alluvion Alluvion Alluvion Alluvion Alluvion
Production
iN 1913
Titirib
Titirib
&
Bolivia, Ltd.
.
La Otramina
Colombia Mining Co
Cruces
.
Amalfi
Amalfi
.
.
Gavino
Remedios Zaragoza Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Remedios Zaragoza Zaragoza Gmezplata Santodomingo Santa Rosa
Remedios Zaragoza Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Remedios Zaragoza Zaragoza
Gavino
De
La
mina de
la Trinidad, en Santa Rosa, produjo en 1912 a 1914 mil cincuenta libras de oro. Los ltimos filones del Zancudo, en Titirib en diciembre de 1914, produjeron $33,000 y el producto bruto durante el ao fu de $241,308. La Constancia, en Anor, reparte dividendos de $2,000 a $3,000 mensuales. En diciembre de 1914 produjo $6,000 la Clara de La Unin, en Amalfi el promedio mensual de esta mina, es de 30 libras de oro, de unas 300 toneladas de mineral que elabora. La mina de Pato, situada en Zaragoza, perteneciente a la sociedad americana Oroville Dredgjng Co., export en 1915 $250,000 en la semana que termin el 8 de diciembre de 1914 produjo $62,500, de 60,500 yarda.s ebicas de dragaje. El Zancudo, en Titirib, y La Salada The Froijtino and Bolivia, en Segovia y Remedios, son las ms importantes y mejor organizadas empresas mineras de Antioquia. Otros minerales de Antioquia: Plata aurfera, en Titirib, Sonsn, Remedios y Caramanta; sulfuro de mercurio, en El Retiro hierro, en Amaga carbn, en Amaga, Angelpolis, Cceres, Titirib, Heliconia, Santa Brbara y Sopetrn; mrmoles, en los ros Nare, Claro y Cocorn; granates y rubes, en los ros Chico y Grande; son comunes en el departamento los jaspes rojos, amarillos y negros;
;
;
Oetobr 1914 to February 1915, the Bretaa mine, produced 19,466.03 castellanos. The Trinidad mine, in Santa Rosa, produced 1,050 pounds of gold between 1912 and 1914. The recent veins of the Zancudo mine in Titirib produced $33,000 worth of gold in Deeember, 1914, and the gross output for the whole yar was valued at $241,308. The La Constancia mine in Anor pays mouthly dividends of between $2,000 and $3,000. In December, 1914, the Clara de la Unin mine, in Amalfi, The average monthly output of this produced $6,000. mine is 30 pounds of gold, from about 300 tous of ore The Pato mine in Zaragoza, belonging to the worked. American Oroville Dredging Company, exported $250,000 in 1915. During the week ending December 8, 1914, it produced $62,500, from 60,500 cubic yards of material dredged. The Zancudo mine, in Titirib, and La Salada (Frontino and Bolivia), in Segovia and Remedios, are the most important and the best organized mining entrprises in Antioquia. The following minerals are also found in the department gold-bearing silver, in Titirib, Sonsn, Remedios, and Caramanta sulphide of mercury, in El Retiro iron,
in Sonsn,
: ;
From
sal
yodurada y
cal.
REINO VEGETAL. Existen en los bosques antioqueos numerosas especies arbreas. Para que el lector se forme una idea de las riquezas que n maderas encierran los montes de Antioquia, se da en la pgina siguiente un cuadro que enumera y hace conocer el coeficiente de elasticidad y resistencia transversal de algunas de las maderas. En 1878 hicieron en los Estados Unidos de Amrica un trabajo sobr las muestras de maderas enviadas por el ingeniero cubano Francisco J. Cisneros, procedentes de las montaas por donde tra^ el ferrocarril de Antioquia. El resultado fu comunicado por el arsenal de Washington, segn los datos que se ven en el cuadro. La principal produccin de Antioquia es el caf. En 1913 haba 30,000,000 de cafetos repartidos en cincuenta de los noventa y seis municipios de que consta el departamento. Ms o menos Antioquia da el veinte por ciento de la produccin total de Colombia. De Antioquia se esportaron, de julio de 1914 a junio de 1915, 250,000 sacos, por valor de $3,250,000 oro, libre de gastos, o sea $13 por saco. Los distritos que tienen mayor nmero de cafetos son Fredonia, Pueblorrico, Tmesis, Andes y Abejorral. El consumo anual de maz es de 110,000 toneladas, que al precio medio de $100 oro la tonelada, valdran
$11,000,000. Al cultivo del maz sigue en importancia el de la caa de azcar, para la producin de la panela; en 1913 s pro-
in Amaga; coal, in Amaga, Angelpolis, Cceres, Titirib, Heliconia, Santa Brbara, and Sopetrn; marble, in the Nare, Claro and Cocorn rivers gamets and rubes, in the Chico and Grande rivers; red, yellow and black jaspers; iodine salt, lime, etc. Vegetable Kingdom. In the forests of Antioquia there ar numerous species of trees. In order that the reader may form an idea of the wealth of Antioquia as regards timber, a table is here given containing the coeficient of elasticity and the strength of several of its woods. In 1878 tests were made in the United States of several samples these sent by the Cuban engineer Francisco Cisneros
;
samples were taken from the mountains through which he had located the Antioquia Railroad. The data here given
are the results of those tests, communicated by the
ingtoin Arsenal.
Wash-
The principal vegetable product of Antioquia is cofPee. In 1913, there were in the department 30.000,000 coffee trees, distributed among the ninety-six municipalities forming the department. Antioquia supplies about 20 per cent, From July 1914 to of the eofPee produced bv Colombia. June 1915, it exported 250,000 sacks, valued at 250,000 dollars, net; that is, 13 dollars per sack. The px'incipal cofee districts are Fredonia, Pueblorrico, Tmesis, Andes, and Abejorral. The annual consumption of corn is 110,000 tons, which, at an average price of 100 dollars, amount to 11,000,000^
dollars.
After corn, sugar cae follows in importance. It is raised for the production of raw sugar. In 1913. the de198
lilBEO
Elasti-
Nombres
Tananeo
Huesito
cidad
Resistencia transversal
ObserResistencia longitudinal
vaciones
ames
Transverse
strength
(Lb. per
sq. in.)
Ultmate
Tensile strength
Remarks
(Lb. per
sq. in.)
850500
4,167
735700 317203
3,573
1,909
Cedro
Algarrobillo ....
Se rompi la cabeza con 33,585 libras por pulgada cuadrada. Id. id. con 28,490 libras por id. Id. id. con 16,510 id.
id. id.
Tananeo
Huesito
Cedro
Algarrobillo
Canime
con 18,396
id.
846388
565116 790779
4,683
3,277 5,166
Id. id.
id. id.
Blsamo copey
Canime
Granadino
No
Guayacn colorado
Laurel pea
Not Not
testad
38,679 32,075
tested
Blsamo Copey.
Naranjo
3,778
4,350
2,396
Sapn
Algarrobillo rojo
No
se prob.
Broke
suddenly
id.
Laurel pea.
Id. id.
id. id.
id.
Rompi
repenti-
namente.
806416
Algarrobillo rojo
4,868 5,039
Id. id.
id. id.
id.
id.
739833 554556
Id. id.
id. id.
Guayacn hobo
Tamarindo
2,903 2,743
Id. id.
id. id.
id.
490673
Id. id.
id. id.
id.
dujeron 38,300 toneladas de panela; la produccin de este artculo en Antioquia vale, segn clculos, de uno a tres millones de pesos. Es tambin importante la produccin agrcola de tabaco; en 1914 se consumieron en Antioquia l,239i/^ toneladas de tabaco. En dicho ao haba en el departamento 3,719 plantaciones, con un total de 14,441,052 matas de
tabaco. La industria algodonera 1905, con motivo de haber
empez en el departamento en comenzado a funcionar la maquinaria de hilados de la Compaa de Tejidos de Medelln. Con las otras fbricas de tejidos que existen ya en el departamento, esta industria algodonera promete ser cada
da
ms
floreciente.
Actualmente se inicia el cultivo de la cabuya, industria para la cual se emplea, en reemplazo del primitivo carrizo, la mquina patentada por el ingeniero Alejandro Lpez, que desfibra 240 pencas de cabuya por hora, o sea a razn de 1,920 en las ocho horas naturales de trabajo
diario.
Tambin
Las
es
importante en
el
departamento
la
producen-
Can
del
partment produed 38,300 tons of raw sugar. The produetion of this article in Antioquia is estimated to have a valu of about 3,000,000 pesos. Tobacco is also raised to a considerable extent. In 1914 In that year Antioquia used 1,2391/2 tons of tobceo. there were in the department 3,719 plantations, with a total of 14,441,052 plants. The cotton industry began in the department in 1905, with the foundation of a spinning factory by the Medelln Textile Company. There being now several other textile works, this industry promises to have a brilliant future. At present, cabulla, a variety of sisal, is being cultivatd, the primitive device for the extraction of the fiber having been replaced by a machine patented by Alejandro Lpez, an ngineer. This machine defibers 240 leaves per hour, which amounts to 1,920 leaves for the 8 hours of the reguThe department produces also iraca lar working day. (hat straw), bamboo, beans, and barley. The catte ranches of the Cauca Canyon have pastures capable of holding 50,000 heads. Animal Kingdom. In Antioquia are found nearly all Approximate estithe speeies of the Colombian fauna. mates give the department 320,000 head of cattle, which, however, are not sufcient for domestic consumption. In order to make up the deficiency, a great deal of cattle is imported from Bolvar, nearly all being high-bred males, which sometimes are exceedingly expensive. This exit of capital from Antioquia to pay for imported cattle often causes financial panics in Medelln. It is estimated that Antioquia consumes on an average 20 kilograms of beef per capita per year. The consumption in other departments where beef is cheaper, such as Cundinamarca, is greater. In other countries, the annual consumption of beef, in kilos per capita, is as follows:
reses.
BEINO ANIMAL.
En
54 4 47.6 38.6
.
Germany
Spain
Italy
Clculos aproximados asignan al departamento una existencia de ganado vacuno de 320,000 cabezas, que son insuficientes para atender al consumo. Para balancear el exceso de consumo sobre la produccin, se introduce ganado de Bolvar casi todo macho, que llega a valer sumas considerables. Esta corriente de salida de numerario de Antioquia para pagar ganado al Departamento de Bolvar, determina con frecuencia crisis monetarias en Medelln. Se estima que cada antioqueo consume 20 kilos de carne en el ao, en promedio. El consumo de otros departamentos, en que la carne resulta ms barata, como en Cundinamarca, es mayor. Otros pases consumen carne
as:
of cattle there are ranches planted known as para, in the watershed of the Cauca river, mainlj^ in its southern part, and with Of late, capacity for between 55,000 and 60,000 head. several ranches are being opened up on the slopes of the
with the
artificial grass
]\Iagdalena river.
Para el engorde de ganados cuenta el departamento con haciendas de pasto artificial, del llamado de Para, en la hoya del ro Cauca, especialmente en su mitad sur, y capaces de contener de 55,000 a 60,000 reses. ltimamente se estn abriendo algunas dehesas en las laderas del ro Magdalena. MANUFAGTUBAS. Cuenta Antioquia con varias fbricas y su produccin de manufacturas se hace cada da
ms intensa. La Compaa Antioquea de Tejidos de Bello emplea 600 obreros y gran cantidad de mquinas en los menesteres de hilado, tejidos y tintura de algodn. Es una compaa annima. Emplea fuerza hidrulica para mover su maquinaria.
La Compaa Colombiana de Tejidos de Medelln es tambin annima y emplea 350 obreros y 150 caballos de fuerza elctrica en mover y operar 200 telares y mquinas Tiene departamento de hilados y de complementarias. tejidos de algodn, en que produce telas comunes y tambin tejidos d punto. La Compaa Nacional de Fsforos Glano tiene una fEs tambin brica de fsforos y de bujas de estearina. compaa annima. La Compaa de Fsforos de Toms Jaramillo e Hijos produce bujas y fsforos. Las cerillas de esta fbrica y de la anterior han desalojado casi totalmente el producto extranjero, y ambas exportan algo para los otros departamentos.
company, and tmploys 350 workhorsepower of electric energy for the operation of 6,200 spinning and other machines, and their accessories. It has a department of cotton fabrics, vsrhere it produces both common and knitted work. The Olano Compaa Nacional de Fsforos (match company) has a match and stearic-candle factory. It also is a stock company. The Compaa de Fsforos de Toms Jaramillo & Sons manufactures candles and matches. The matches from this and the preceding factory have almost entirely replaced the foreign articles, and both factories export some of their produets to other departments. The Envigado Compaa Industrial de Calzado (shoe factory) has a factory in which it makes 150 pairs of shoes per day, although it has a capacity for twice that number. It employs 70 workmen and has as many machines moved by electric power. The Compaa de Tejidos de Roselln has a factory in Envigado, where it employs 120 workmen, and has machinery for cotton fabrics, moved by water power. The Fbrica Antioquea de Clavos (nail factory), established at Caldas in 1912, has capacity to manufacture every day 2 tons of steel wire nails. It is operated by both water and steam power. The La Estrella Foitndry "Works, belonging to Escobar, Londoo & Company, founded in 1896, employs 35 workmen and a great many machines, moved by water power, for the manufacture of machinery, tower docks, and east
company)
men.
is
also a stock
It uses 150
La Compaa Industrial de Calzado tiene en Envigado una fbrica en que construye diariamente 150 pares de calEmplea 70 zado, aunqiie tiene capacidad para el doble. obreros, y otras tantas mquinas movidas por fuerza elctrica.
work of all kinds. The Compaa Industrial Unida de Cigarrillos (cigarette company), employs 300 workmen in the manufacture of cigars, cigarettes, and trunks. Its machinery is operated by oil motors. The Compaa Antioquea de Cerveza (Antioquia Brewery), of Itag, manufactures beer and soda- water beverages, using factory.
water-power machinery.
tiene una fbrica en Envigado, en que emplea 120 obreros y tiene maquinaria para tejidos de algodn, movida por fuerza hidrulica. La Fbrica Antioquea de Clavos, establecida en 1912,
(flour
company),
en Caldas, es capaz de fabricar al da dos toneladas de Se mueve con fuerza hidruclavos de alambre acerado. lica y de vapor. La Fundicin de La Estrella, de Escobar, Londoo & Ca., fundada en 1896. emplea 35 obreros y buena cantidad de mquinas, movidas por agua, en la fabricacin de maquinaria, excelentes relojes de torre
clase.
y fundiciones de toda
La Compaa Industrial Unida de Cigarrillos emplea 300 operarios en la fabricacin de cigarrillos, cigarros y bales. Sus mquinas se mueven con motor de petrleo. La Compaa Antioquea de Cerveza tiene fabricaciones de cervezas y de bebidas gaseosas, en Itag, en que emplea mquinas movidas por fuerza hidrulica. Tambin tiene una fbrica de vidrio. La Compaa Harinera Antioquea tine en Medelln un molino americano movido por vapor y capaz de elaborar diariamente 560 arrobas de harina de trigo. Fundada esta compaa annima en 1914, ya ha desarrollado el cultivo del trigo lo suficiente para no emplear sino el 60% de trigo extranjero. El molino de La Cascada, situado en Sonsn, se mueve con fuerza hidrulica y elabora el trigo aue produce toda esa regin. Es de propiedad de Ricardo Restrepo & Hijos. La Vidriera de Caldas, en el Municipio del mismo nombre, emplea 54 obreros y movimiento hidrulico en la produccin de objetos y utensilios de vidrio. La Locera de Caldas es otra fbrica importante, que, junto con la locera del Carmen, abastecen el consumo de vasijas y objetos de loza. La Compaa Antioquea de Cemento es una compaa
200
has in Medelln an American mili operated by steam and with a capacity of 560 arrobas of wlieat flour per day. This stock company was founded in 1914, and has already developed the cultivation of wheat sufficiently to have to import only 60 per cent, of the wheat it needs. The La Cascada mili, situated in Sonsn, is operated by water power and elaborates all the wheat produced by that regin. It is the property of Ricardo Restrepo & Sons. The Vidriera de Caldas (glass works), in the municipality of Caldas, employs 54 workmen, and uses water power for the production of glassware. Tlie Locera de Caldas (china works), is another important factory, which, together with the china works of Carmen, supplies the eonsumption of ehinaware. The Compaa Antioquea de Cemento (cement company), is a stock company that has just started the manufacture of cement in the distriet of Heliconia. The Textile Factory of Corts, Duque & Company manufactures cotton and sisal fabrics. The Textile Factory of Antonio M. Hernndez & Company employs 90 workmen, and uses steam machinery for the manufacture of cotton goods, using imported yarn. There are several other textile works, three paper-ruling eoncerns, a lithographic establishment, and two large publishing houses, besides some printeries, in which are published the four daily papers of the capital of the department, and several periodicals. There are also some sodawater works, and numerous establishments for the elaboration of cofee.
As Dr. Alejandro Lpez remarks in his sketch of Antioquia, "the abundance of water falls in some parts, of easily accessible coal in otliers, and the rare ability of the people, point to a vry brilliant future for the industrial and mechanical development of the department."
Export Commerce.
Antioquia
is
some
traffic
all the export conuneree of Puerto Berro, although there is on th Cauca river, and a very little on the
Nearly
efected via
otras varias empresas de tejidos, tres empresas de rayado de papel, una litografa y dos grandes empresas editoriales, fuera de otras imprentas en que se editan los cuatro diarios de la capital del departamento, y otros peridicos; varias fbricas de bebidas gaseosas, numerosos beneficios de caf para la completa elaboracin de este grano.
Hay
Atrato. The only statistics available are those relating to exports carried by the Antioquia Railroad. The export commerce consists mainly in the exportation of coffee to the amount already stated; hides (100 tons), precious metis, rubber, Panam hats (1,010 boxes), ivory nuts (132 tons), various plants (100 boxes), horns, and minerals. The valu of these products is estimated at about 8,000,000 dollars, which is between 20 and 25 per cent, of the valu of all th exports of the country. Nearly all the exports of Antioquia go to the United States by way of the Magdalena river; some go to Engiand, and a few to the other
cadas de agua en unas partes, el fcil aprovechamiento del carbn en otras, y la rara habilidad d los habitantes para los oficios mecnicos y las manufacturas, apunta el doctor Alejandro Lpez en su Monografa de Antioquia, sealan un porvenir muy lucrativo a la industria manufacturera de Antioquia, lo mismo que a las artes mecnicas. Comercio de Exportacin. El comercio exterior de Antioquia se hace casi ntegramente por la va de Puerto Berro; algn trfico hay tambin por el Cauca, y muy poco por el Atrato. Slo hay estadstica del trfico por El comercio exterior conel ferrocarril de Antioquia. siste en la exportacin de caf, en la cantidad apuntada; pieles 700 toneladas, metales preciosos, caucho, sombreros de iraca 1,010 cajas, tagiia 132 toneladas, plantas 100 El valor de estos productos cajas; cuernos y minerales. se estima aproximadamente en 8,000,000 de pesos en oro, que son del 20 al 25% del valor de todas las exportaciones del pas. La exportacin de Antioquia va en su mayor parte a los Estados Unidos por el ro Magdalena; algo a Inglaterra, y el resto, que es muy poco, a los otros pases europeos. Comercio de Importacin. El comercio de importacin se hace con Norteamrica, Inglaterra, Francia, Italia, Espaa, etctera. La importacin del extranjero consiste especialmente en maquinaria, ferretera, metales, cigarrillos, papelera, productos qumicos, explosivos, telas de algodn y de lana,
etc.
La abundancia de
Eurojjean countries.
with
Import Commerce. The import commerce the United States, Engiand, France,
Spain. It metis, cigarettes, stationery, chemical sives, cotton and woollen fabrics, etc.
Italy,
products,
explopos-
The
facility
if it is
La facilidad y rapidez de las comunicaciones, si en el futuro se logran precios razonables en la navegacin fluvial, procurarn el intercambio con los otros departamentos, para dar salida al exceso de produccin y transformar definitivamente el influjo de las industrias en vnculo de redencin patria. Compamis Comerciales. La mayor parte de los negocios comerciales en asociacin se hacen por medio de compaas regulares colectivas. Las empresas mineras se orFuera ganizan en compaas divididas en 24 acciones. de las compaas annimas mencionadas, existen otras importantes, como la Compaa Antioquea de Transportes, la Compaa del Ferrocarril de Amaga, la de instalaciones elctricas, la Compaa Telefnica de Medelln, la Mutualidad Nacional, la Compaa Nacional de Exportadores, la Compaa Exportadora, la Compaa Unida del Zancudo y las siguientes instituciones bancarias
El Banco de Sucre es una compaa annima fundada en 1906, con un capital de $1,000.000 dividido en 10,000 acciones y con una resei-va de t!200.000. El Banco Republicano, compaa annima con $200,000 de capital, dividido en 20,000 acciones. El de Vsquez, Correas & Ca., es una compaa regular colectiva, formada por las casas de Vsquez Hermanos & Ca., Hijos de Flix A. Correa & Ca., y otras firmas. Existen otras tres casas bancarias, antiguas y muy acreditadas: la de Restrepos y Ca., la de Miguel Vsquez e Hijos, y la de Hijos de Femando Restrepo y Ca. El Comercial
201
make interchange with other departments posthus aflPording a market for the surplus production and contributing to strengthen the bonds of friendship among the various. departments. Commercial Concerns. The greater part of commereial transaetions are couducted by regular .stock companis. The stock of mining companis is divided into 24 shares. Besides the stock companis already mentioned, there are others of importance, sucli as the Antioquia Transportation Company, the Amaga Railroad Company, th Electric Plant Company, the Medelln Telephone Company, the National Mutuality Company, the National Export Company, the Export Company, the Zancudo United Company, and the following banking institutions th Banco de Sucre, a stock company founded in 1906 with a capital of .$1.000,000, divided into 10,000 shares, and a reserve of $200,000 the Banco Republicano, a stock company with a capital of $200,000, divided into 20,000 shares the Vsquez, Correas & Company Bank, which is a Consolidated company formed by the fi-m of Vsquez Brothers & Company, that of Sons of Flix A. Correa & Company, and others. There are three banking houses which are very od and well reputd namely those of Restrepo & Company, Miguel Vsquez & Sons, and Sons of Fernando Restrepo & Company. The Commercial Bank of Spanish America, Ltd.. is a banking institution recentl.y founded. The Banco de Oriente has been doing business in Rionegro for ovr twenty-five years. All these banking institutions carry on the ordinary operations relating to drafts, discounts and The interest they charge vares between 12 and loans. 15 per cent per annum. Chamher of Commerce. The business men of Antioquia have for several years liad a very honorable Chambr of Commerce, ofScially ci-eated and subsidized by the naIt is established at Medelln and is the tional treasury. organ of the commercial interests of the department as well as the aeknowledged judge in all commercial diferences and so all persons wishing to adjust their differences without the necessity of going to court, rsort to it. This Chamber is recognized as the true representative of the economic affairs of the department. It publishes and distributes gratis a review entitled Boletn de la Cmara de Comercio (Bullefin of the Chamher of Commerce). Ways of TransportaUon. For communicating with foreign countries and neighboring departments, as well as for carrying on its own commerce, Antioquia has several waterways, railroads, and wagn roads, and a great
gation, will
sible,
many
bridle roads.
river.
Th Magdalena
which
is
The
Bank
most important
the department,
and almost the only one in Puerto Berro, where all the Magdalena river boats stop to take on or unload freight and pa.ssengers. The steam boats that ply on the Atrato from the Gulf of Urab, are sufcient for the seanty present commerce of Western Antioquia. There are also several steamboats that go up the Cauca river as far as Cceres, and a few of them as far as Valdivia, on one side, and on the other side they go in up the Nech river as far as Zaragoza. The Antioquia Transportation Company has eight steamboats running on the Magdalena and Cauca, and which, together with the large canoes that are towed, have a total capacity of 2,821 tons, or 30 per cent of the total tonnage of the
fluvial poi't,
is
Magdalena
river.
There are two railroads, the Antioquia and the Amaga. The Antioquia Railroad has always belonged to the department. It was built vFth funds from the department and sonie furnished by the national government. The department spends on the extensin and improvement of the road all the net returns of the latter. The work is directed by a board of directors, appointed by the Assembly, and by a superintendent general. At present the road consists of tvro sections one from Puerto Berro to Cisneros, 109 kilometers in length, and one from Medelln to Poreecito, of 65 kilometers. The two sections are separated by a large mountain, around which there is a 23kilometer wagn road connecting them it is intended to connect them before long directly by a tunnel. The Amaga Railroad is prvate property. It starts south from Medelln, and 36 kilometers of it have been
:
It is
intended to prolong
department with the Cauca river, when it will traverse nearly all the coal regious of the department. It connects at Medelln with the Antioquia Railroad, both being narrow-gage feet. The Amaga Railroad and the Porce divisin of the Antioquia Railroad each carries more freight than any
this road so as to connect the capital of the
kilmetres.
Los dos trayectos estn separados por una montaa, que se trasmonta por una magnfica carretera de 23 kilmetros, mientras se hace el tnel que ha de unir las dos secciones El de Amaga es un ferrocaiTl de propiedad particular que parte de Medelln hacia el sur, y del cual se han construido 36 kilmetros en los ltimos cinco aos. Este ferrocarril est destinado a unir la capital del departamento con
el ro
municipal.
The common roads are divided into departmental and The former are under a departmental road board, which receives and spends for the purpose the funds The municipal roads annually voted by the Assembly. are directed by municipal boards, which assign to them the necessary funds. There are five engineers and a director
general in charge of the roads, in compliance with the
provisions of the code of roads.
Cauca y atravesar
departamento. Est conectado con el de Antioquia en Medelln, pues ambos son de va angosta de tres pies, entre rieles. El ferrocarril de Amaga y la divisin del Porce del de Antioquia movilizan cada uno ms que cualquier otro ferrocarril de Colombia. Los caminos se dividen en departamentales y municipales; aqullos a cargo de una junta departamental de caminos, que recibe e invierte en ellos y en los puentes, los fondos destinados anualmente al ramo por la asamblea los municipales son manejados por las juntas municipales que reparten e invierten la contribucin nuinicipal de caminos. Cinco ingenieros y un director general manejan el ramo, conforme a prescripciones contenidas en un cdigo de caminos. Casi todos los caminos de Antioquia son de herradura; slo hay unas pocas carreteras al norte y sur de Medelln. y la de La Quiebra, entre las dos secciones del Ferrocarril de Antioquia. Por lo general, toda cabecera de municipio tiene un camino departamental, que la une a la capital o a
;
Nearly all the roads in Antioquia are bridle roads. There are only a few wagn roads, north and south of Medelln, besides the La Quiebra wagn road, which conAs a nects ithe two sections of the Antioqviia Railroad. municipality has departmental a of a rule, every head city road connecting it with the capital or with some railroad.
niixed races, 35 per cent are white, and the others are There are 1,071 wome'n to either negroes or Indians.
un
ferrocarril.
every 1,000 men, and 35.2 per cent, of the inhabitants are able to read. Taking into account the growth of the population since the 1912 census, and disregarding emigratiou,
202
may
be estimated at
son negros o indios. Hay 1071 mujeres por cada 1000 hombx-es, -y el 35.2% de los habitantes saben leer. Teniendo en cuenta el movimiento de la poblacin, despus del censo de 1912, y haciendo caso omiso de la emigracin, puede estimarse en 794,538 habitantes la poblacin de Antioquia. Instruccin Pblica y Privada. Los antioqueos viven orgullosos del adelanto alcanzado en la instruccin pblica. Si Colombia ha logrado casi quintuplicar sus escuelas en 67 aos, de 1847 a ac, Antioquia ha aumentado siete veces su nmero, de modo, que este departamento tiene ms estudiantes que los de Atlntico, Bolvar, Boyac, Huila, Magdalena y Tolima juntos. Cuenta pues Antioquia con ms del 24% de los alumnos que hay en toda la repblica. El porcientaje de estudiantes de Antioquia en las escuelas primarias slo es superado en la Amrica Hispana por la Argentina, que tena 10, 41% en 1911, y por el Uruguay, que tena 10, 52% en el mismo ao. Chile no llegaba entonces al 10%, y el Per apenas pasaba un poco de 9%; Mjico tena el 3.82% y Venezuela 1.61% de su poblacin en las escuelas primarias. La instruccin primaria se da en 902 escuelas, la mayor parte de ellas oficiales, y se dividen en urbanas y rurales. Existen los siguientes establecimientos de enseanza profesional o secundaria, casi todos en Medelln: La Universidad de Antioquia, en donde se ensean los bachilleratos clsico y tcnico, y concede los diplomas de doctores en jurisprudencia, y medicina y eiruja. El Liceo Antioqueo, que le est adjunto, es un colegio secundario, de preparacin para ingresar en la universidad. Constan los dos de unos 500 alumnos. La Escuela Nacional de Minas, en donde cursan unos 100 estudiantes, las carreras d ingeniera civil e ingeniera de minas; el colegio de los Padres Jesutas, en donde se da el bachillerato clsico. El de los Hermanos Cristianos, que ensean el bachillerato tcnico y el comercial dos seminarios catlicos, uno en Medelln y otro en San Pedro un instituto de bellas artes; dos escuelas normales, una para cada sexo dos establecimientos de instruccin secundaria: el Instituto Caldas y el Colegio Central de Seori; ;
Education. ^The people of Antioquia are proud of the progress they have made in public education. While Colombia has increased its schools almost five-fold in 67 years, from 1847 to the present time, Antioquia has increased hers seven-fold, so that this department has more pupils than those of the Atlantic, Bolvar, Boyac, Huila, Magdalena and Tolima together. In Antioquia are found more than 24 per cent, of the total number of students in the whole nation. The percentaje of students in the primary schools of Antioquia is exceeded, in Spanish America, only in Argentina, which in 1911 had 10.41 per cent., and in Uruguay, which in the same year had 10.52 per cent. In Chile, the figures did not then go as high as 10 per cent., and in Per they were a little over 9 per cent. In Mxico and Venezuela, the per cents, of the population atteuding the
primary schools
veere
is
respectively 3.82
and
1.61.
Pri-
mary
given in 902 schools, most all of which are public, and are divided into urban and rural schools. The department has the following institutions of higher or professional education, nearly all bing located in Meinstruction
delln
:
The University of Antioquia, where classical and technical courses are given, and which confers the degrees of doctor of law, doctor of medicine and surgeon. The Liceo
Antioqueo, M^hieh adjoins the university, is a preparatory where subjects are taught that are required for entrance to the university. The two ar attended by about 500 pupils. The National Sehool of Mines, attended by about 100 students, where courses in civil and mining engineering
sehool,
are given; the college of the Jesuit Fathers, where classical studies are made; the college of the Christian Brothers, where teehnical and commercial subjects are taught;
two catholic seminaries, one in Medelln and the other in San Pedro; an instituto of fine arts; two normal scliools, one for each sex, and two high schools the Caldas Insti-
tas.
tute,
203
MEDELLIN
El valle de Medelln, llamado "Aburra" por
indgena de este nombre que exista en
bal,
el el
pueblo
called
"Aburra" by
the Indians
ame who
veas discovered
by Jernimo Luis
The conquerors
Los conquistadores
lo
San Bartolom.
Con
en
el
Ana, hoy
el
Santa Elena,
al
punto donde
se halla
actualmente
el
cemenlos
Ana
andar de
Lorenzo cemetery
found today.
In time the
tovs^n
became
En
1649
se
by one with a
Seora de la
of Ana).
tile roof,
empez a designarse
Seora de la
el
sitio
con
el
nombre de Nuestra
Candelaria de Ana.
casero,
Aquel pequeo
que
slo
The
was raised
rank of town
in 1674
by a royal
widow
of Philip IV.,
nombre de su
honor
delln
ele
se
denomin "Medelln,"
en-
ame
II.,
Continu la
During the
town continued as a
de-
de subalterna de
la
pendency of the
its
suma
lentitud, pues en
when
it
it
habitants.
Later,
and
it
mayor
rapidez,
como
lo
muestran
los
1883 cen-
habitantes
This
is
ciudad pro-
proper
may
The
from the
Deduciendo de
incremento anual
de la poblacin, se obtiene
from 1883
is
to 1905, 21.8
from 1905
to 1912,
in 29 years.
este ltimo incremento anual se duplicara la pobla-
Con
cin en 29 aos.
shown by the
21,
los
per
En
1916
los
mueh
less
is
las defunciones
un 21 por
The
difference
due
It
which has
muy
infe-
La
diferencia
development of the
city.
desarrollo industrial de la
mayor parte de
being insignificant.
city are
in the
in-
dustries,
nmero
insignificante.
Los
Medelln
Department of
elevatlSti of
is
temperature
el
y 1
29'
15"
una
vares between 18
and
26.
This
Su temel
itself,
(segn
doctor
la
Like the rest of the torrid zone, Medelln has no seasons, properly speaking, although the
18 y 26.
Esto en
ame
is
applied to
last three
turas de 10.
La
The average
vales
en
la ciudad.
annual rainfall
Como en
lluvia
Se llaman
lo
as las
pocas de
millimeters)
and 1914
regular alternan de 3 en
3 meses.
river, which,
habiendo
mxima en
y mnima en 1914,
nombres de Porce
down from
the mining
865 milmetros.
regions traversed by
its tributarles,
Bl
ro Medelln o
los
San Miguel
known
as the Medelln
el ro
Cauca, nace
enclosed by
alto de
la direccin norte,
el
formanse
do
la seccin
ancha de su cuenca
que propiamente
towns of
less
importance.
is
The valley
exceedingly
fertile.
Although
it
has been
fertilizers
terri-
de ms de 5 kilmetros.
altas cadenas de
any
whatsoever,
it is still
the richest
From
menor importancia.
frtiles,
which
rise
valle
son sumamente
are
raised,
yuca and
un
cultivo
intenso
sin
recibir
fertilizantes
de ninguna
artificial
grasses,
ms
ricas
climates
partamento.
mates.
As
rural property
is
very
much
van escalonando
azcar,
etc.,
el
en
las
vegas del
ro,
hasta
el
The
soil
is
papas y
las
gramas naturales en
ms
altas;
como
la
muy
es
dividida, el conjunto
Along the
valley,
El terreno
refrescado y fertilizado
summer
and comfort,
205
A'ista
<le
Medelln.
View
of MeJelln.
man
tlie
flowers,
estn
Medelln
lies
up an easy
Down
from a
heiglit of 1,000
flows
aguas y de
lo
Bocana
nms
el oriente,
hasta
De
una
altura de 1,000
el
handsome
is
villas.
The part
traversed
by these
is
metros sobre
el
nivel
de la poblacin,
riachuelo de
promenades
known
as
Me-
Bocana y atraviesa despus por el centro de la ciudad, en donde tiene en uno y otro flanco malecones sembrados
de frondosos rboles y bordeados de lujosas quintas de
The Santa
tributary
Of
La
propiedad particular,
lo
que
constituye
el
paseo de la
La Espadera and
Falencia, on the
Quebrada Arriba,
el
delln. Son tributarios de Santa Elena varios arroyos de poca consideracin, de los cuales slo merecen ser citados
el
La Castro, que le entra por la margen derecha, y de La Espadera j' Falencia por la izquierda.
de
los
faeilitate
se
emprendi por
el
municipio la
The work
is
importante obra de la canalizacin y rectificacin del ro Medelln, con el fin de defender la ciudad en su parte
baja y de hacer factible la construccin de un buen sistema de alcantarillado que mejore sus condiciones sanitarias.
the river.
La obra en
menta con
el ro,
se
comple-
la
Medelln
ever, the
is
eool water.
Howou
water supply
leaves
mueh
to be desired
2 a 3 kilmetros.
aceount of the fact that the water deseends from the moun-
206
and
is
pero
desgraciadamente
su
calfdad
deja
qu
lu order to remedy
this,
the
muncipality
is
now
de
la
cordillera
se
reparten
luego
por
re-
10 kilometers in length.
progress;
blancas,
it
already
made
considerable
Para
mediar esto
el
and
el
cual conducir a la
sewerage system.
will be in a will be very
finished,
which
obra con la distribucin del agua por tubera metlica y con la construccin de un alcantarillado moderno. Terel
not bad.
de mejorar notablemente
que no
Sobre
es
muy
bueno.
Over the
el ro
:
de mampostera
construction, some of
them being
of
modern
style.
and
tile roofs,
general
Duriug the
last fifteen
las
comn de un
De quince aos
belonging
to
Duque,
Lalinde,
Hincapi,
Garcs,
Quebrada Arri-
Banco de Colom-
Banco de Sucre,
los edificios
much
to be de-
Quebrada Arriba,
The plans for the new hospital were prepared by The construction of the
de
207
un
el
also the
borados por
el
Pronto empe-
The plans
of the
uew
ca-
un
M. Carr, who
there
market
place.
eity.
At present
are
fourteen
y de fuera de
l.
churches in the
Los planos de
la catedral nueva,
una de
las
mayores de
is
now
Adems de
la catedral
catorce iglesias.
will be possible to
suministrado
al
Palaeio arzobispal
Arehbishop
's
Palaee.
Berrio
Square Terraee.
municipio y
al
No
Among the
system,
public works
installed
may
porque
el
municipio contar
el
reeently
following
most
modern
it
acueducto que
se
methods.
It renders
has
cual aprovechar
constantly increasing.
The market
la
place, built
Entre
las
de telfonos,
ins-
years ago,
is
now
sistema
ms moderno, que
The municipal-
y que cuenta en la actualidad con 1,000 aparatos, nmero que crecer bastante.
un
servicio admirable,
La
which
ya de propiedad del
distrito
da.
cattle,
are
sold per
Tiene
municipio
pez la construccin de
reemplazar as
mente,
el
The
those
por semana (ganado vacuno, caballar y porcino). Todas las mejoras de que se ha hablado y otras en va de 208
in considerable
number
are laid
para su colocacin.
Las
calles del
public parks "Parque de Bolvar," and "Parque de Berro" and at present the Society of Public Improve-
mnimum width
of 16 meters.
nmero
consi-
ment
is
derable obedecen ya a
la
un plano de
desarrollo cientfico de
Two
to
metros.
They
and
the
Amaga
Railroad.
con-
norte de la ciudad.
Magdalena
river,
This
tinuacin la
una de
la otra: el Ferrocarril de
Antioquia
near
is
its center,
where
it
el
Ferrocarril de
Amaga.
activity;
it
earries annually
El Ferrocarril de Antioquia, de propiedad del departamento, comunica la ciudad con Puerto Berro en
el
ro
partment.
al
ocano
to a prvate stock
kilmetros, con
una interrupcin
south, in the
direction of the
Amaga
coal fields
and the
cofifee-producing
La
lnea frrea es de
mucho movimiento,
Cauca
Pacific
Railroad,
coming from
Buenaventura.
El Ferrocarril de Amaga, que pertenece a una compaa annima privilegiada, sale de Medelln a buscar
hacia
el
900,000
per
Amaga y
el
Urab Railroad,
el
Estn ya construidos y en
;
center
su movimiento de
carga es importante y
(900,000 anuales).
de pasajeros de consideracin
La Asamblea Departamental de
que se continen activamente
de Urab,
el
este
ao ha ordenado
city,
the Medelln
en comunicacin
lo
ocano Atlntico y
el
convertir
movimiento comercial y de
is
mainly
much
as in the rest
Desde
valle
la
poca de
la
fundacin de
de
las
la
ciudad poblaban
distinguidas
el
The
society of Medelln
is
numerosas
familias
ms
que
al virreinato,
provenientes casi
las Provincias
el
origen
much given to business. Work is bition among men, while women devote
very
tention exclusively to the home.
that have settled in the city,
the prevailing
their time
and
de la poblacin actual, que en parte del bajo pueblo est mezclada, aunque menos que en
el resto
de la repblica,
209
Hay
tennis, football
and
golf clubs.
The
indepen-
Union Club.
of them being high
El
The
elass,
many
is
el
trabajo
managed by
promenades
foreigners.
dominante de
la vida
que
el
mujeres.
De algunos aos
baths with cool and abundant water, and the great variety
of
foodstus,
fruits
and
in the city
there are
many
persons
who speak
are
sur-
Observing
prised
at
foreigners
the
great
number of
se
han educado en
hoy hay en
el
de tennis, de football y de
es
Club Unin.
lay en la ciudad varios hoteles,
pjgunos de
ellos
de primera clase,
Contribuyen
al bienestar
de
los
'
fioh'
i/y/fri<:nif'i)
Paseo de
la
Quebrada Arriba
V
Quebrada
city.
Arriba Promenade.
baos deliciosos, gracias a la abundancia y frescura del agTia, y la gran variedad de artculos
among
the
different
professions,
as
para
de
la
la
population of the
The
latest statistics
y de
las fras.
and 37
dentists.
seientific
societies:
the
Europa y
los
francs, el ingls
se
y aun
el
alemn.
nmero de personas
profesionales
ilustradas
en
diversos
ramos
210
and
others.
There
is
also
and
preeiable suceess.
37 dentistas.
According
total
to the
En
las
la
population of the
Of
late,
toria; la Sociedad
la
Sociedad
Antioquea de Agricultores,
Existe tambin
however, the rate has increased, owing to the impulse that has been given to public instruction. From statistics collected during this year relating to
women engaged
trabaja desde hace varios aos desinteresada e incansapality, it
in the shops
and
blemente por
el
high
rate, if it is
Segn
el
52%
working women
de la
67i/% de
los
mayores de
The number of students entering the educational institutions of the district was 9,091 in 1910. In 1916, it
rose to 12,078,
lation,
ha recibido
ao
la
which
is
instruccin pblica.
tiva a
De una
estadstica de este
rela-
instruction,
ms de
10,453 pupils
tion,
primary instrucprofessional
talleres
82.4%,
las
8,766;
high-school
2,554;
proporcin alta
se tiene
students, 758.
Among
los
estable-
which belongs
to the
whom
que~^ equivale
un
and
literature, 59
the
17%
y que
se
descompone
as: ins-
truccin
two normal
97 pupils,
Entre
los
men having
La Universidad de Antioquia, de
fundada en 1871.
and that for women 238 the San Ignacio College, directed by the Jesuit Fathers, where 408 pupils receive high-sehool
instruction
;
carcter departamental,
young
ladies,
with 208
letras,
59 en la escuela de derecho,
est el Liceo Antioqueo,
Among
prvate institu-
y 116 en la de medicina.
con 460 alumnos.
Anexo
may
La Escuela Nacional de
Minas, fundada
La Enseanza,
La
y de
ingeniera
la na-
and 126
There are
Las
la
.escuelas normales,
tambin de cargo de
painting, sculpture,
cin
RR. PP.
The primary
by the de-
daria;
la
el
sehools.
In order
to
meet
this
ciente
con 88 estudiantes.
el
Entre
los
estable-
por
los
Hermanos
los
de
la
Of
is
these,
the Escuela
Enseanza, la Presentacin y
con 154, 480
bin escuelas
de Mara Auxiliadora,
a good illustration.
y 126
nias, respectivamente.
Existen tam-
There are in Medelln a public departmental library with 12,000 volumes, and a departmental museum which
211
cinadas por la
La
The Medelln
In order
it,
to
a stock
company has
and
There
the
is
department
also
one-fifth.
the
Circo
Teatro
ps^^^
.
Mil
devoted to bull
exhibitions,
fights,
moving
variety
m 1
picture
^^
and
theatrical plays.
eral
'P^^HHH1 E^^^^t 11 a
'
printeries
in
and
publishing
houses,
1
large
number
and
lic,
mL.:i
a?^
%
Sis.
<"'
fe
'
."
^i^-.'
'''%
"
Viaducto de Piedrasblaneas
locales
Piedrasblancas
Viaduct.
tiles
para
las
escuelas.
Para atender a
ha empezado
esta
la cons-
truccin de
edificios
amplios, higinicos y
Escuela Modelo N.
1.
Hay
el
un muge
del
mismo
carcter, en
e histricos, antietc.
suficiente, es
Para
re-
formarlo y modernizarlo
tercera parte
acciones.
el
departamento
tambin
el
la
Existe
ele-
edificio
amplio y
En
fica
produccin cient-
EnToma
del
agua de Piedrasblaneas
Piedrasblaneas
Water-Supply
Intake.
Liberal y
El
diarios;
los
Colmihbia,
La Montaa, La
papers.
dor,
Among
the latter
may
be mentioned El Especta-
gaceta departamental
La Crnica Municipal y
oficiales,
y algunas otras
212
dailies,
all
El Colombiano, El Correo Liberal, and El Sol, and Colombia, La Montaa, La Familia Cristiania-,
Casa particular
Prvate
residence.
Medelln,
como
buUetin),
Boletn de
Esta-
poderes
pblicos
departamentales:
gobernacin
del
de-
seientific organizations.
etc.
Es
is
Government
of the Depart-
etc.
Chamber of Commerce,
etc.
It is also
an
La
Ecuador,
etc.
enfermedades
digos, asilo
sifilticas
y venreas,
orfelinato, casa de
men-
The Department of Public Aid (Asistencia Pblica), has several important institutions, some official and some prvate, the principal ones being
Entre
las asociaciones
an
Patronato de Obreras y
la
Gota
Among
the in-
Medelln es
el
centro
el
stitutions of a social
300,000 sacos de
pesos,
mentioned the Society of San Vicente de Pal, the Patronato de Obreras (Guardianship of Laboring
the Gota de Leche (the Milk Drop).
Women), and
sombreros,
La mayor
los
Medelln
is
gold
es el centro
el resto
and
etc.
hides, hats,
Nearly
all
da un movimiento constante de
213
many
city.
Medelln
is also
the
men
buy
their
mucho
goods in the
no
se
hayan
es-
home and abroad for great promptness and honesty in They have high credit, which is charactheir payments.
teristic also of the rest of the
mercial
eredits.
transactions
are
usually
To
As an
5 cigar
and
eigarette,
and 3 match
and
fac-
and
col-
tile,
wick,
trunks,
projected,
tion.
tablecido
tranjeras.
ms
Como
sin
lia
es,
duda alguna,
repblica.
ms importante de
en
:
Hay
el
municipio
6 fbricas de
cigarrillos, 3
de cigarros y
de fsforos, 25 tejares, 11 trilladoras de caf, 20 ingenios de azcar y panela, 4 fundiciones de oro y plata, 8
fbricas de velas
veza, 6
jabn, 2 de cer-
New
cathedral
now
building.
de chocolate, 3 establecimientos
fbricas
factories
de maquinaria agrcola, de
confites,
de galletas, de botones,
neighboring towns
by Medelln
214
shoe,
hat,
nail,
cement,
textile,
beer,
glass,
mosaico,
de mecha,
de
bales,
etc.
Adems
estn
en
proyecto
y en
En
Escuela primaria
(en construccin)
Primary
school
now
building.
Universidad de Antioquia
University of Antioquia.
city
:
venieneias se
han fundado en
Banco de
de propiedad de capitalistas de
poration,
(the
last
Lon-
de pita,
etc.
ness,
such as Vsquez
Hijos de
& Company,
&
Hijos, etc.
The net
poration,
annum.
It
is felt
Nueva York y
Femando
las
Restrepo y
Ca.,
etc.
Miguel y
undertaking spirit of
foundation during
its
inhabitants.
Las
utili-
banks with
dades
que
obtienen
entidades
anual.
bancarias
annimas
el
This notwithstanding,
16%
Es reconocido que
dropped
belov7 10
la provisin de capitales
de Medelln
and 18
per cent.
para
el espritu
lo
que ha
city.
During the
months of
it
pesar de
esto,
no ha bajado del
10%
y
el
anual,
oscila
18%.
215
The capacity
is
now
limited
to
Ayuda
al
movimiento bancario de
el
la
ciudad de Casa de
it
is
Moneda, que en
intended to enlarge.
is
la
planta de
se
The
very high
official credit,
on
it
Tambin
la plata
est
cir-
acuando en
cula en
la
que
f aith
and promptTo
this
el pas.
discharges
its
obligations.
its
must
El
muy buen
crdito
como
el
owns other
sev-
entidad financiera,
debido
al
orden y correccin en
is
exclusive
owner of
manejo de
fe en el complimiento de sus
compromisos y
al
y buena aumento
Adems de propiedades
municipal y a
destinadas a la administracin
will be equally profitable.
which
tales
el
como
struction of
de mercado y
matadero
needed by the
and
pblico.
la feria
De
No muy
On
account of
its
high credit,
it
se
tarde pasar al distrito la empresa de energa elctrica y empezar la construccin de tranvas y de otras obras
muin-
ellas
se
of the pipe
Plaza de mercado
Market Place.
water-supply system the city issued
last
Debido
al
el
distrito,
ha podido
The
first
ms ventajosas
sumas que
216
one issued was rapidly subscribed, and a second one has just
been issued.
interest per
The bonds of
annum, payable
draw 10 per
cent.
Para
la construccin del
acueducto y de la tubera de
and give
lotteries.
un
emprstito pblico de
;
de stas se suscribi
The loan
is
rpidamente
la
primera que
se ofreci a la venta,
se est
Los bonos
The loan
is
to be caninterest;
ganan un inters de
vencidos,
dinero.
el
10%
y dan derecho
way
it
These terms
may
who
Bono
Loan Bond
ducto
lo recibe
directamente
el
encargada del
sei-vicio del
emprstito.
so,
if it
is
5%
ELUual acumulativo,
between 10
11 aos.
el distrito
Pueden parecer
son
para
pero no
lo
inters en el
mercado
10
al
18%
anual,
como
se
dijo antes.
La buena
investment
is safe.
municipales en Medelln, y
hecho de que
se coticen sin
inci-ease
every year,
of
for several
years
1917,
1906,
$54,425;
1909,
these
$105,516;
1913,
$231,992;
$288,108.
From
217
Paseo de
los
Conquistadores
The
Conquerors Promenade.
disfrito
en distintas pocas
;
1906, $54,425
1909, $105,516
figures
has
been
excluded
the
amount
derived
from
1913, $231,992
1917, $288,108.
En
fin
el
may
be
made with
net
previ-
excluido la
suma procedente
ous
Taking into
account
first
the
product
it
of
Teniendo
half year,
may
be
en cuenta
el
producto de la
en
el
recaudacin exceder en
ao a
lo calculado
pre-
ms de
$300,000.
Equi-
This amount
is
approximately equivalent to $4
per head.
El presupuesto de gastos en
el
year, exclud-
acueducto,
se
descompone en
la
siguiente forma:
$24,578 27,572 27,918 11,660 117,019 5,400 49,951 24,010
de Deuda Pblica " Gobierno " lo Interior " Hacienda y Tesoro " Obras Pblicas " Justicia " Instruccin Pblica " Beneficencia
Government
the Interior " Treasury
PubUc Works
Justice
vSuma
$288,108
Total
$288,108
En
triosa,
resumen, Medelln
es
e indus-
Summing
city,
up, Medelln
all
is
dotada de todos
los
possessing
and comfort,
tar,
Her prog-
se tiene
en cuenta su posi-
ms de
1.000 kilmetros de
las otras ciudades
su puerto martimo, y
compara con
its seaport,
and comparing
de
la repblica.
218
Department
By
tion
of Antioquia
This railroad belongs to a stock company known as the Amaga Railroad Company (Compaa del Ferrocarril de Amaga), legally constituted in 1907 with a capital of 1,000,000 doUara.
C.
Restrepo
virtue of a national law, the company has the sol concession for the construcof a railroad connecting Medelln, capital of the Department
of Antioquia, with the Cauca river, and also a subsidy of S9990 per kilometer for the first 24 kilometers built, and of S15,000 per kilometer for the rest of the Une, with out including the concession of public lands, and other privileges. The constniction of the railroad was begun at Medelln in 1909, and already 42 kilometers of the main line, up to the Angelpohs station, have been opened to the public. There still remain 54 kilometers to be built to carry the road as far as the
Cauca
river.
river.
first 24 kilometers, the road foUows the valley of the Porce, or Medelln, h^ a mximum grade of 2 per cent and minimum curve radius of 80 meters. This section of the road traverses the Districts of Medelln, Envigado, Itag, Estrella, and Caldas, having stations not far from these towns. From Caldas on it goes across the branch of the Central Cordillera that divides the courses of the Medelln and Cauca rivers; it crosses at a depression having an elevation of 1900 meters above sea-level. In order to effect this crossing it has been necessary to surmount obstacles that at first were believed to be insuperable. Thus, in the first 13 kilometers, between the Caldas station and Amaga, it was necessary to excvate 1,697,800 cubic meters of earth; there are cuts, such as that at the La Leja depression, which required 64,000 cubic meters of excavation; filis, such as that at Rasomalo, for which 86,500 cudc meters were required. Some parts of the road have been exceedingly expensive, kometer 36, for instance, having cost 82,600 doUars. From Caldas on the track has a mximum grade of 3 per cent, compensated on curves; the sninimum radius of curves is 80 meters. After leaving the territory of Caldas, the road traverses those of Amaga and Angelpohs, and farther on those of Fredonia and Venecia, before reaching the Cauca river. Anyone knowing Antioquia and its products can appreciate the bright prospecta of this enterprise. While the road went no farther than Caldas, it was practically only a passenger road, its trains carrying about 1,000,000 passengers per year. The line has already reached the rich coal regions of Amaga and Angelpohs, and the coffeeproducing centers of the department. It goes through the coal mines, which are very rich, but whose development is only beginning. Coal sells for S0.96 a ton at the mine, SI. 60 at the Angelpohs station, and, on account of the low rates ot the railroad, it
In the
It
known that
of
is
This road will go as far as the banks of the Cauca river, where the pasture lands are situated which supply nearly all the departments with cattle. Later the road will be ex-
tended to connect with the Buenaventura railroad. thus connecting MedeUn directly with the Pacific ocean. Besides, this road must form the beginning of the railroad leading to the Gulf of Urab, now projected. It is thus seen that it is destined to play a most important part in the future general railroad system of the repubhc. The Amaga railroad is being built with Antioquian capital and by Antioquian engineers. Among these, besides the manager, who is also the chief engineer, may be mentioned the gradate engineers Luis A. Isaza, Juan de Dios Vsquez, and Jorge Escobar E. The stock of the company is di\adGd into 10.000 sbares of 100 doUars each. Heretofore, the shares were subscribed for at the rate of 69 doUars each, and now they are quoted on the market at 100 dollars each.
219
Telegraph: Carril.
ed.,
Cdigos:
El
ferrocarril de
and Lieher
The Antioquia
city of
Raili'oad
is
An-
810 kilmetros de la desembocadura del ro Magdalena en el mar Caribe. Medelln es una hermosa y sana ciudad de 70,000 habitantes, situada a orillas del ro Porce, cerca a sus nacimientos, en un frtil valle
encajonado entre dos altas estribaciones de la cordillera de los Andes. Es el centro de la regin minera de los Departamentos de Antioquia y Caldas, renombrada por las minas de aluvin de los ros Porce, Nech y Cauca, y por los ricos campos mineros de Remedios, Amalfi, Anor, Santa Rosa, Titirib, Marmato, Sonsn y Manizales. Anualmente se extraen de las minas de esta regin ms de
$4,000,000.
MedeUn, capital of the Department of Antioquia, with the river port of Puerto Berro, which is situated at a distance of 810 kilometers from the mouth of the Magdalena river on the Caribbean
sea.
is a beautiful and healthful city of 70,000 inhabitants, on the banks of the Porce river, near its headwaters, in a ferte vaUey surrounded by two high spurs of the Andes. It is the center of the mining regin of the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, a regin which has become famous on account of the aUuvial mines found in the Porce, Nech, and Cauca rivers, and of the rich gold de-
Medelln
lying
posits
existing in
Santa
Rosa,
Titirib,
Marmato, Sonsn, and Manizales. The output regin amounts to over $4,000,000 per year.
Medelln
is
las regiones
cafeteras
ms
also the center of
tories of the repubUc, the
notables de Colombia, especialmente por la superior cahdad de su grano. En el mercado de Nueva York obtiene siempre el caf marca
"MedelMn" los mejores precios (de 14 a 15 ovos, la libra, cuando el de "Ro" y el de "Santos" se cotizan a 11 evos.). Colombia exijort en
de los cuales 270,000 En los ltimos seis aos se ha triphcado la produccin del caf marca "Medelln." Puerto Berro, en el extremo oriental de la lnea frrea, es un pequeo casero a orillas del ro Magdalena, que es la principal arteria comercial de Colombia. Surcan este ro numerosos vapores de tipo y capacidad semejantes a los que navegan el ro Ohio en los Estados Unidos.
caf,
The
coffee
known
in
New York
and 15 cents a pound when Rio and Santos seU at 11 cents. In 1916 Colombia exported about 1,000,000 bags of coffee, of which 270,000 went from MedeUn over the Antioquia Railprices, seUing at 14
road.
trebled.
Por
lo comn se emplean cuatro das para bajar de Puerto Berro a Barranquilla y seis para subir. Los vapores expresos para correo y pasajeros hacen el viaje ms rpidamente. De Barranquilla, puerto
importante situado tambin sobre la margen del ro Magdalena ciudad de ms de 40,000 habitantes hay comunicacin por ferrocarril (28 kilmetros) con Puerto Colombia, uno de los puertos ms activos de la repblica en el mar de las Antillas. Entre Medelln y Puerto Berro hay varias poblaciones que sirven de ncleo a empresas agrcolas o mineras.
Puerto Berro, the easteru terminal of the railroad, is a smaU town of the Magdalena river, which is the main commercial artery of Colombia. On this river run a great many steamboats similar in design and capacity to, those running on the Ohio river in the United States. GeneraUy it takes four days to go down from Puerto Berro to BarranquiUa, and six days to go up. The mail and passenger express boats make the trip in less time. BarranquiUa, another very important port on the Magdalena river, with 40,000 inhabitants, is cormected by a 28-kometer railroad with Puerto Colombia, one o^ the most active Colombian ports on the Caribbean sea.
on the banks
Between MedeUn and Puerto Berro there are several towns forming centers of agricultural and mining enterprises.
La lnea frrea est dividida en dos secciones: la Divisin del us, de Puerto Berro al "Limn" (118 kilmetros); y la Divisin del Porce, entre "Santiago" y MedeUn (71 kilmetros). Entre "El Limn" y "Santiago" hay tres y medio kilmetros de distancia directa, en una depresin de la cordillera de los Andes conocida con el nombre de "Paso de la Quiebra." Se proyecta construir all un tnel para unir entre s las dos secciones del ferrocarril ya nombradas. Entre tanto se emplear un cable areo sistema "Bleichert" para la movihzacin de la carga. Los pasajeros, para pasar de una a otra divisin usan un buen camino carretero de 10 kilmetros de longitud. Los datos tcnicos y econmicos del ferrocarril de Antioquia pueden
resumirse como sigue:
The raUroad is divided into two sections: the us section, from Puerto Berro to Limn, 118 kilometers; and the Porce section, from Santiago to MedeUn, 71 kUometers. Between Limn and Santiago, a distance of 33-^2 kUometers, there is a depression of the Andes CordiUera known as "La Quiebra." It is intended to bmld there a tunnel In the to conneot the two sections of the railroad with eaoh other. meantime, a Bleichert aerial tramway wiU be used for the transportation of freight. At present passengers are carried from one section to the other over a good 10-kilometer wagn road. The
technical
may
be
summed up
el
as foUows:
Longitud total de
metros, proyectado
tnel de tres
y medio
kil-
Ancho de
Gage, 3 EngUsh
feet.
Peso de los rieles, de 45 a 60 hbras por yarda. Pendiente mxima, compensada, en la divisin del us, cuatro y medio por ciento. Pendiente mxima, compensada, en la divisin del Porce, dos y medio por ciento. Radio mnimo de las curvas, 70 metros. Los siguientes datos estadsticos se reeren al ao de 1916 (los valores se dan en dlares):
Divisin NiLS
Divisin Porce
Weight of
rails,
Mximum grade, compensated, on Mximum grade, compensated, on Mnimum curve radius, 70 meters.
The foUowing
indicates
statistical
us
American doUars):
us
Tons (1000 kUos) transported
Passengers carried
60,239 1,139,886 $205,281 116,650 321,931 182 130
section
Porce section
59,759
60,239
1,139,886
kilos) transportadas
Pasajeros transportados Valor del flete de carga Valor pagado por pasajeros Valor pagado por carga y pasajeros Gastos de explotacin Producto neto de explotacin
135,845
139801
Paid by freight Paid by passengers Paid by freight and passengers Operating ex-penses Netprofit
$678,671
40,265
718,936
$205,281
116,650 321,931 182,130
139,801
287,900 431,036
220
<
o "
ir a:
o o
en
<
tr J Ll
P a o H < H Q
o
w
t
221
New
Branch of the International Banking Corporation of York, U. S. A. This banking iustitution was founded and began its operations in Medelln in August, 1916. It is a branch of the International Banking Corporation of New York, founded in 1901, and having a capital and reserve of 6,500,000 doUars. It was organized to do business with foreign countries by means of branch of&ees, especiaUy At present it has branch in China, Japan and India. offices in Bombay, Calcutta, Cantn, Ceb, Colon, Hankow, Hongkong, Kobe, London, Manila, Medelln, Panam, Peking, Shanghai, San Francisco, Singapore, Tientsin, and Yokohama. The International Banking Corporation has elose rela-
tion tiene estrechas relaciones con The National City Bank de Nueva York y puede ofrecer, de una manera especial, adems del servicio de sus propias sucursales y correspon-
besides
its
Bank of New York, and has at own branch offices and representathe world, the service of the
tives in the
main
cities of
en todas las principales plazas del mundo, el de las sucursales que tiene establecidas este Banco en Cuba y la Amrica del Sur, tales como las de Buenos Aires, Habana, Montevideo, Ro de Janeiro, Santiago de Cuba, Santos, San Pablo y Valparaso, y, debido a sus grandes facilidades, se encarga de toda clase de operaciones pertenecientes al ramo de banca. Recibe depsitos a la vista y a trmino fijo, hace pagos por cable, facilita cartas de crdito, cheques para viajeros, y giros de letras sobre las principales plazas extranjeras y del pas. Solicita de manera especial la correspondencia de los comerciantes extranjeros que piensen extender sus negocios a la Repblica de Colombia. El establecimiento de esta sucursal fu muy bien recibido en Colombia y sobre todo en el Departamento de Antioquia, donde empez operaciones y ha venido progresando de
sales
branch offices of the City Bank in Cuba and South America, such as those in Buenos Aires, Havana, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago de Cuba, Santos, Sao Paolo, and Valparaso.
all
makes payments by and travelers' ehecks, and draws drafts on all important Colombian and foreign cities. Correspondence from foreign merchants wishing to extend
and deposits for
fixed periods,
issues lettei-s of credit
their business to
Colombia requested.
The establishment and foundation of the Medelln branch was very weU received throughout Colombia, especially in the Department of Antioquia, where it has worked very
satisfactorily sinc its foundation.
manera muy
222
BANCO DE SUCRE
Bank op Sucre
Medelln
Departamento de
Antioquia
Dio principio este establecimiento a sus operaciones el 31 de julio de 1905, bajo la gerencia del seor Maximiliano Correa U., quien, sin interrupcin, ha desempeado hasta el presente el puesto de gerente.
.
Founded July 31, 1905, under the management of Mr. Maximiliano Correa U., who has ever since held the same
position.
Actualmente son miembros de la Junta "Administrativa del banco los seores Julio M. Restrepo y Luis F. Botero, como principales; Emilio Restrepo C, y Gregorio Prez, como suplentes. Al frente de la secretara del banco est La caja, la contabilidad y el seor Alejandro Muera. dems dependencias del establecimiento estn a cargo de
18 empleados.
present, the Board of Direetors consists of Messrs. M. Restrepo and Luis F. Botero, who are fuU officers, and their substitutes, Messrs. Emilio Restrepo C. and Gregorio Prez. Secretary, Mr. Alejandro Muera. The handling of the funds, keeping of books, and other ofSee work are condueted by eighteen employees.
At
Julio
de $1,000,000 totalmente
El fondo de reserva es de $200,000. Funciona el establecimiento en un magnfico edificio de su propiedad, situado en la plaza principal de la ciudad. Este edificio tiene capacidad, no slo para todas las oficinas del banco, sino tambin para muchas otras, que estn ocupadas por comerciantes, abogados, agentes de casas extranjeras, por la importante empresa de la Mutualidad Nacional, por la Comisin de Cambio de la Junta de Conversin y por la Compaa General
de Seguros.
The bank occupies a splendid building of its own, on the main square of the city. This building has room not only
for all the offices of the bank, but also for many others, which are occupied by merchants, lawyers, agents for foreign firms, the important corporation Mutualidad Nacional, one of the largest in the Republic of Colombia, the Committee on Exchange of the Board for Redeeming Paper-money, and the General Insurance Company (Compaa General
de Seguros).
movimiento de los negocios del banco, ha sido intensamente progresivo, de tal manera que, habiendo alcanzado el primer ao a la cifra de $18,000,000 lleg en el ltimo ao a $96,000,000 de pesos
oro.
El
The business done by the bank has been constantly on the increase. During the first year it amounted to 18,000,000 dollars, and during the last year to
96,000,000.
Las letras vendidas por el banco en el tiempo en que ha funcionado sobrepasan la cantidad de $23,000,000 pesos oro. Las principales operaciones del banco son: compra y venta de letras sobre el exterior, compra de barras de oro, descuento de obligaciones, imposicin de dinero a inters en cuentas corrientes, y a plazo fijo, recibo de dinero en depsito disponible y en depsito a trmino. Por cable y por telgrafo: Sucre. Cdigos A. B. C, Lieber y Samper.
223
Since its foundation, the bank has sold drafts for the aggregate valu of 23,000,000 dollars.
The principal operations of the bank are the purchase and sale of foreign drafts purchase of gold ingots; discount
;
loaning of money on interest in cuiTent accounts or for definite periods; general deposits and deposits for fixed
of notes
;
periods.
Codas:
This company was registered in 1904, taking over the London Bank of Central America, Ltd., and of Enrique Corts & Co., Ltd. Being a limitad company, the bank is obliged, according to English law, to cali a
business of the
Los miembros de la Junta Dii-ectiva son: Seor Ed. Norman, Presidente, director de Martn 's Bank Ltd. Buenos Aires & Pacific Rly. Co., Ltd. Chilian Transandine Seor Prancis M. Voules, director de Rly. Co. etc., etc. Ethelburga Syndicate, Ltd. Para Public Works Co., Ltd. International Light & Power Co., etc., etc. Seor Selwyn
meeting of the stockholders every year, and lay before it a complete statement of assets and liabilities, etc., etc., which must be revised by auditors authorized by law. The members of the Board of Directors are: Mr. Ed. Norman, president, director of Martin 's Bank, Ltd., Buenos Aires, and Pacific Eailway Co., Ltd., Chilian Transandine Railway Co., etc., etc. Mr. Prancis M. Voules, director of Ethelburg Syndicate, Ltd., Para Public Works Co., Ltd., International Light & Power Co.,
;
R. Pryor, director de National Provincial Bank of England. Cotesworth & Powell, Ltd. International Financial Society, Ltd., etc., etc. Seor Cecil M. Higgins, director de London & South American Investment Trust, Ltd., Southern Brazil Electric Co., Ltd., etc., etc. Seor A. K. Raphael, gerente y secretario de The Angio South American Bank, Ltd. Seor Rafael Parga, de Bogot, Colombia. La compaa tiene sucursales y agencias de todas las principales ciudades de Nicaragua, Salvador, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, etc., y tambin tiene casas en Pars, Manchester y Nueva York. Tiene una organizacin perfecta para poder financiar y vender los productos de los pases Latino-Americanos, y hace adelantos contra caf, Adems sus operacueros, cacao, tagua, caucho, etc. ciones de exportacin de mercancas eiiropeas y norteamericanas, son en grande escala contando todas las sucursales con muestrarios surtidsimos de los artculos ms
usuales.
Mr. Selwyn R. Pryor, director of the National Bank of England, Cotesworth & Powell, Ltd., Intei'national Pinancial Society, Ltd., etc., etc. Mr. Cecil M. Higgins, director of The London & South American Investment Trust, Ltd., South Brazil Electric Co., Ltd., etc., etc. Mr. A. K. Raphael, manager and secretary of The Anglo South American Bank, Ltd.; Mr. Rafael Parga, of
etc.,
etc.;
Provincial
Bogot, Colombia. The firm has branches and agencies in all the principal cities of Nicaragua, Salvador, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, etc., and also branch offices in Paris, Manchester, and New York. It has a complete organization for finaneing and selling Latin- American products, and advances funds on coffee, hides, cacao, ivorj' niits, rubber, etc. It eonducts
a very extensive export business with Europe and the United States. All its offices are always well stocked with
La
samples of the most important articles. The headquarters of the bank are situated at 9 Bishopsgate, London, E. C.
224
Hardware dealers. The oldest house of its kind in Medelln. Founded by Mr. Alonso ngel in 1863, with capital furnished by Mr. Manuel Santamara B. Ever since that time, it has been doing business without interruption, and constantly extending its operations. In 1882, when the ame of the firm was still
that of its founder, it bought the Alamacn Universal, which had been founded a short time Later previously by Messrs. Ospina Brothers. it bought the goods of the hardware stores of Messrs. Echeverri, Llano & Co., Alejo Santa-' mara & Sons, Carlos C. Amador, and Gabriel Martnez, all these rms going out of the business, which was entirely transferred to the house of Alonso ngel. In 1894, Messrs. Alberto and Eduardo ngel, sons of Don Alonso, became partners of the firm,
todas las referencias a la casa Alonso ngel. En 18S4 entraron a formar parte de la casa los seores Alberto y Eduardo ngel, hijos de don Aliso; de aU eri adelante continu con la firma social de Alonso ngel ir Hijos. Ms tarde, debido a la muerte del socio Eduardo, la casa fu reorganizada por los socios sobrevivientes, y continu con el mismo nombre. En 1913 celebr esta casa sus Bodas de Oro, y en recuerdo de ten fausto acontecimiento, regal a los obi'fTos df Medelln un globo de terreno; al mismo tiempo instituy la Mutualidad del Pueblo, mediante la cual hay 20 casas construidas ya. En 1904 se retir de la direccin de los negocios don Alonso, y continu al frente de ellos el socio Alberto; de entonces para ac viene ste encargado de la gerencia. En el mes de agosto de 1914, se hizo preciso darle mayor ensanche a los negocios, y al efecto se verific la fundacin de otro almacn, conocido desde entonces con el nombre de Almacn Universal, CaUe de Boyac, en los bajos de la casa de habitacin del socio Alberto. En 1915 entraron a formar parte de la casa los seores Peter Santamara y Manuel Antonio Uribe M., los cuales han venido a ser un poderoso auxiliar del seor gerente, veteranos como son en los negocios todos ataederos a la casa, as en el ramo de ventas como en el de
,
which since then has been known as Alonso Later, after the death of the ngel & Sons. partner Eduardo, the firm was reorganized by the surviving partners, without, however, changIn 1913 the firm celebrated its ing its ame. "golden wedding anni versary, " making, as part
present of a large piece of of Medelln. At the same time, it founded the Mutualidad del Pueblo Aid), through which twenty houses have been
of the celebration, a
land to the
workmen
(People's
Mutual
already built.
In 1904, Don Alonso retired from the management of the business, being succeeded by Don Alberto, who since then has acted as manager. In August, 1914, it became advisable to extend the business of the firm, and for that purpose another store was established under the
ame
In
of
street,
under
Don
Alberto's residence.
pedidos. En mayo del mismo^ao compr el Almacn Britnico, fundado aos atrs por los seores ngel, Lpez & Ca., de la misma ciudad, quienes cedieron el negocio en total, las referencias y el archivo inclusive.
En los almacenes Universal y Britnico mantienen constantemente un extenso surtido de metales en bruto, maquinaria, herramientas, tiles para minas, materiales para zapatera y en general un completa surtido de ferretera y quincalla, y es de observarse que uno de los empeos principales que han puesto Alonso ngel & Hijos, es vender artculos todos de primera calidad para satisfacer siempre a su numerosa All rige la regla invariable de venderles a todos sus comclientela. pradores a los mismos precios y en iguales condiciones.
Peter Santamara and Manuel Antonio Uribe of the firm. Being experts in all business done by the firm, both in the selHng and purchasing line, they have proven very valuable advisers to the manager. In May of the same year the firm bought the Almacn Britnico, founded several years previously by Messrs. ngel, Lpez & Company, of the same city. They sold the business in its entirety, including its files and references. The Universal and Britnico stores keep a large stock of raw metis, machinery, tools, mining appliances, shoemakers' materials, and The firm takes special in general a complete supply of hardware.
1915,
M. became members
pains to
its
sell
nothing but
first-class articles,
is
numerous patrons.
buyers.
There
so as always to satisfy but one price and the same terms for
all
225
La
Correa &
The firm of Ismael Correa & Company was established by public charter in Medelln in the middle of 1911, its main purpose being to found a pharmacy. To this end it began to import and sell drugs and ehemieals, using a rather The good reception with which it met inferior building. from its beginning led it to moving to the magnieent building of its own which it oeeupies today. The business has developed with exceeding rapidity, and today the
Medelln Pharmacy enjoys an en viable reputation, not only in the Department of Antioquia, but also throughout
the republic, being well
known everywhere.
procurando hacerse siempre a productos los ms puros y mejor seleccionados, y al efecto, sus relaciones comerciales
son con casas productoras del exterior, de reconocida honorabilidad .y que en todo caso dan garanta en sus despachos. Esta es, indudablemente, una de las bases en que se apoya
prospei'idad de la Droguera. sociedad de los Sres. Ismael Correa & Ca. especializar algunos productos que fueran de notoria utilidad, y en consecuencia patent su Vino de Carne Quinado y las PLDORAS EojAS Infalibles, medicinas arregladas cientficamente, y cuyo xito ha correspondido a las miras de la casa, que proporcion dos excelentes remedios a los habitantes de los climas clidos en donde tantos estragos
la creciente
deavoring to procure the purest and best articles. To attain this end, its commercial relations are only with firstclass manufacturing houses abroad, whose reputation is by This is unquestionably one of the causes itself a guarantee.
of the growing prosperity of the
Pharmacy.
wishing to special-
The
ize in
fi-m
of Ismael Correa
& Company,
Quizo
la
hace
Las Pldoras Kojas Infalibles obran el paludismo. admirablemente sobre el paludismo en todas sus manifestaciones, y el Vino de Carne Quinado es un poderoso reconstituyente.
Introduce la casa a ms de drogas y productos qumicos, medicinas de patente, barnices, aceites, colores, rancho, vinos tintos, blancos y generosos, vino Vermouth, brandy y toda clase de licores, perfumera, materias primas para productores de jabones y fabricantes de bebidas
y tiene adems un departamento especial para los ramos de cacharrera y quincalla. Son socios de la casa los seores: Ismael Correa C, Director general Ismael Correa, Pedro Luis Correa, Gustavo Correa y doctor Alejandro Vsquez B. A ms de estos, cuenta la Droguera con un personal de 19 empleados competentes, cada uno en su ramo.
gaseosas,
;
some products that would be of particular benefit, patented its Beef and Quinine Wine (Vino de Carne Quinado) and its Infallihle Red Pilis {Pildoras Bojas Infalibles), both of which are scientifieally prepared and have had the sueeess that the firm expected, having afforded two exeellent remedies to the inhabitants of hot climates, wliere malaria makes so many ravages. The Infallihle Red Pilis are admirable antidotes against all forms of malaria, and the Beef and Quinine Wine is a powerful tonic. Besides drugs and ehemieals, the firm imports patent medicines, varaishes, oils, paints, canned goods, table wines, vermouth, brandy and other liquors of all kinds, perfumery, raw materials for the manufacture of soap and soda-water beverages, and has besides a special department for the sale of hardware and notions. The partners of the firm are Mr. Ismael Correa C, general director; Ismael Correa, Pedro Luis Correa, Gustavo Correa, and Dr. Alejandro Vsquez B. Besides these gentlemen the Pharuacy has 19 empl.oyees, each of whom is an expert in his line.
Telegraph address:
Direccin telegrfica:
ICOBBEA.
ICOBBEA.
226
AND SON
Don Jess M. Estrada O., oriundo de Caldas, Departamento de Antioquia, naci en 1857 y pertenece a una de las familias ms honorables de aquella regin, cuj'os moradores gozan de fama bien adquirida por su consagracin al trabajo, por el vigor de sus brazos, por su hombra de bien y la suma de esfuerzos que emplean en toda obra de progreso. Muy joven, a la edad de diez y nueve aos, fund un pequeo establecimiento de herrera en el lugar de su nacimiento y ms tarde, en 1884, ya lo haba elevado
;
Don
ment
Jess M. Estrada
O., a
of Antioquia,
was born
in 1857
and belongs
to
one
of the most honored families in that regin, whose inhabitants are deservedly
esty,
and
enterprise.
At
already converted
tive
it
own
initia-
a la categora de fundicin, debido a sus propias energas y a sus constantes labores por el mejoramiento de su empresa. En 1903 pudo ver coronados sus trabajos con la organizacin actual, asocindose al efecto con su hijo don Ernesto Estrada, quien representa desde entonces el carcter de director de los talleres, y viaj largo tiempo por los Estados Unidos con el fin de estudiar todo lo concerniente a este importantsimo ramo de la industria. Los principales artculos que en dicha fundicin se producen, son los siguientes: ruedas "Pelton," tuberas, mquinas para moler caa, despulpadoras, molinos Californianos, chumaceras, poleas, empalmes, reparacin de maquinarias, etc., etc. Pero tras un estudio detenido acerca de las mayores necesidades de la agricultura en Antioquia, los seores Estrada se han dedicado especialmente a la fabricacin de mquinas despulpadoras de caf de todos tamaos y precios en variedad de seis tipos, las cuales gozan hoy de gran fama en toda la repblica. Eeferencias en el
exterior
and eonstant efforts. In 1903 his endeavor was warded by the formation of the present organization,
whicli he associated himself with his son,
re-
in
Don
Ernesto
Estrada,
who has
traveled for a long time in the United States in order to study everything relating to this important industry.
He
The principal
articles
Works
hullers,
plers, etc.
also
machine repairing.
After
a thorough study of the principal needs of agriculture in Antioquia, Messrs. Estrada have specialized in the manu-
all sizes
and
prices,
making
six
types,
whieh
have
acquired
high
reputation
Foreign references
Etablieements Ebstein
Ain, Paris
;
Etablice-
ments
mercial
Ehstein
Ain,
Antioquia
Corpora-
Pars; Antioquia
Compas
Commercial
tion,
Corporation,
;
New York En
Alonso ngel Miguel
Hijos,
tero,
el
ref erences
Alonso
Hijos,
Hijo,
e
ngel
Hijo, Miguel
e
Vsquez
Medelln
Ca.,
;
Vsquez
Co.,
Me-
Bo-
delln; Botero,
Toro
;
&
Toro y
zales;
Ca.,
ManiUribe Meja y
Manizales
Uribe
Meja
Botero
Ibagu; Botero y
Olarte,
Bucaramanga
U., Gi-
caramanga
Henao
H., Cali;
Luis
David
David Vallejo
rardot.
Direccin
telegrfi-
Telegraph
address
Estrada, Estrella.
227
Esta hacienda est situada en el Distrito de Fredouia, a orillas de un ro caudaloso llamado "Cauca," en un clima de 28 en su parte ms calorosa y de 22 en su parte ms fresca, en el Departamento de Antioquia, Repblica de Colombia en Sud-Amrica. Tiene la hacienda una extensin total de tres mil quinientas cuadras cuadradas o sean dos mil doscienSus cultivos consisten en una tas cuarenta hectreas. gran plantacin de hierba artificial de la llamada "Para" la ms propia y conveniente para la ceba de ganados, contiene unos dos mil cuatrocientos novillos grandes, en propio desarrollo para cebarlos. Tiene una empresa de caf en su parte ms fra empresa nueva que se empieza a desarrollar otra vez apenas y cuenta ya con un magnfico edificio de cal y canto o ladrillo cocido de tres pisos muy slido y amplio para elaborar lo que puedan producir ciento cincuenta mil rboles, tiene terrenos admirables para una plantacin de ese nmero o mayor avin si se quiere; hoy tiene ya cincuenta mil rboles empezando a producir. La hacienda tiene tambin magnficos terrenos para la produccin de caia de azcar y panela, tabaco, maz, arroz, pltano y todo aquello propio de las tierras feraces y clidas; tiene bosques o montes vrgenes en donde abundan maderas preciosas como el cedro, el diamante, el guayacn, el algarrobo; tiene tres muy buenas casas de habitacin, adems de otras pequeas para los trabajadores sus potreros para los ganados estn perfectamente cuidados y divididos convenientemente con alambres de pas en estacones de medera durable los pastos estn perfectamente limpios de malesas, las aguas son abundantes y bien distribuidas. El seor Vsquez es uno de los comerciantes ms ricos y respetables de Medelln. Su quinta situada en esta ciudad y su casa de campo en Caldas, llamada "Capri, " son man-
De pertenencia
coolest sec-
It has
tares.
is,
2240 hek-
the variety
known
as para, v^hich
is
a eoffee
al-
ready has a three-story, substantial and ampie brick building for the preparation of the cofee produced by 1^'^,000 trees, as there is suficient land for that number and even more. At present there are only 50,000 trees beginning
to
bear.
There are in it also virgin abounding with such woods as cedar, dwmato, lignum vitas, and carob. The main dvs^elling houses on the farm are veiy good, and there are a great many small houses for the working men. The pasture lands are perfeetly well kept and are divided into sections by wire fences with durable wooden posts. Water is plentiful and
ducts adapted to hot climates.
forests,
well distributed.
Mr. Vsquez
business
is
His villa in this city and his country house at Caldas, known as "Capri," are magnificent mansions, combining high refinement with perfeet
of Medelln.
comfort.
men
ms
refinado confort.
M^" /r
.^^jM
228
Sisters
of Charity
-Medelln,
Colombia
This coUege, directed by the Sisters of Charity of the Presentation of the Holy Virgin, was founded in 1879. It occupies a comfortable modern building, having the best sanitary conditions. Its purpose has ever been to form women that wiU be models of domestic and
social Christian virtues. Moral Inslruclion. The Sisters devote particular attention to the formation of a pur character in their pupils, who are constantly overseen, while affectionate treatment makes college life for them little different from family Ufe. The Sisters endeavor to inspire them from their earliest age with a love of order and work, and to raake them acquire good but simple manners, as well as to develop in them the Christian virtues that give to the soul that fortitude which is today so scarce, in order that from the years of their youth they may correct their faults and learn to bear the hardships of life. Such are the leading standards followed in the ethical treatment of pupils.
dado en
las
el
mejores condiciones higinicas. Desde su principio ha tenido la misin de formar las matronas de la alta sociedad como modelos de virtudes cristianas, domsticas y sociales. Educacin. Las Hermanasseencargan de cuidar conespecialesmerode la formacin del corazn de sus alumnas; las vigilan constantemente; les prodigan los cuidados ms afectuosos, para que encuentren en ele olegio la vida de familia se esfuerzan por inspirarles desde la ms tierna edad amor al orden y al trabajo, en hacerles adquirir modales sencillos pero distinguidos, y a desarrollar en ellas la virtud cristiana de donde nace la fuerza del alma, tan escasa hoy, a fin de que desde la juventud corrijan los defectos de carcter y sepan ms tarde soportar las penas de la vida. Tal es el objeto principal de la educacin que se da en el establecimiento. Enseama. La instruccin abraza todos los conocimientos que hoy da convienen a las jvenes, y se cursan las materias necesarias para obtener diplomas de instruccin suficiente y el grado superior, segn el plan de estudios aprobado por el seor Ministro de Instruccin Pblica. Se ensea adems toda clase de obras de mano y se dan clases especiales de francs, ingls, corte, dibujo, pintura, solfeo, piano, canto, cocina, arreglo y aplanchado de ropa, etc. Para las familias que desean dar a sus hijas educacin Inlernados. esmerada existe un internado cuyas alumnas cursan en francs todas Con el objeto de que lleguen a poseer el idioma, se las las materias. obliga a practicarlo constantemente; y para que aprendan al mismo tiempo su propia lengua estudian el castellano, retrica, geografa e historia de Colombia. Adems aprenden el ingls con especial esmero. Se concede a las alumnas de este curso,como recompensa de una conducta intachable, la salida hebdomedaria, as como la de los dems das de fiesta. Se ha establecido otro internado, segn las condiciones ordinarias de enseanza, con todas las ventajas necesarias y para los padres de famiha que, ya por estar ausentes, o ya por cualquier otro motivo, desean que sus hijas no tengan otras vacaciones que las del fin del ao. Para hacer disfrutar a las nias de la vida agradable del campo, tienen a su disposicin una pintoresca y cmoda casa de recreo. Secciones Infanliles. Desde la fundacin del colegio han existido secciones infantiles, de ambos sexos. Las Hermanas poseen sus mtodos especiales; ejercitan a los nifios en graciosos, variados y acompasados movimientos,' cantos y juegos ordenados. Las lecciones se dan por va de alegre conversacin.
;
Subjects Taught. The subjects taught include all those that young ladies ought to learn, and the pupils are prepared for such degrees as are given in the general plan of studies approved by the Minister of Public Instruction. Resides, instruction is given in manual labor, and also in French, English, dressmaking, drawing, painting, singing, piano, cooking, and mending and ironing of clothes.
Boardinq Sludenls. For those pupils wishing to obtain an excepgood education, there is a class of boarding students who In order that they may thoroughly study all svibjects in French. raaster the language, they are obliged to practice it constantly, and that they may at the same time learn their own language, they are required to study Spanish grammar and rhetoric, and also the geography and history of Colombia. They also receive instruction in English. As a reward for good conduct, these students are allowed to go out once a week, besides holidays. In addition to these, there are other boarding students taking the
tionally
ordinary courses of instruction, and who are received in the institution for the convenience of parents who, on account of their being absent or for any other reason, may wish their daughters to Uve in the school. The institution owns a picturesque and comfortable country house for the reoreation of its pupils. Jiienile Se.clions. From its inception, the institution has had
The Sisters have special juvenile sections for both boys and girls. methods for teaching smaU children, who are taught graceful, varied and measured movements, as weU as singing, and are directed in properly prepared games. The lessons are given in the form of lively conversations.
229
CA.
Imprenta Editorial.
La Librera Eestxepo fu fundada en el ao de 1903 por el seor doctor Carlos E. Eestrepo, muy importante hombre pblico de Colombia, quien ejerci la presidencia de la repblica en el perodo de 1910 a 1914. Este acreditado establecimiento, que goza de todas las simpatas del comercio y del pblico en la importantsima regin de Antioquia se dedica muy especialel departamento ms rico de Colombia mente, adems de todos los negocios concernientes a su ramo, a papelera en todos sus usos, librera y tiles de escritorio, a la propaganda de los mejores textos y artculos especiales para escuelas y
(Eestrepo
Book Store)
teem of
to
its
all
the
people
of
department in
text books
and
and coUeges.
colegios.
Esta casa, una de las mejores establecidas en Medelln, cuenta los ms modernos talleres tipogrficos, de encuademacin y rayado de papel y con las maquinarias ms perfectas para toda esta
con
clase de trabajos, entre las introducidas al pas. Adems de los efectos arriba mencionados, los seores Jorge Escobar & Ca. introducen directamente: zapatos para hombres, seoras y nios, cristalera de uso diario y de fantasa, porcelana, molduras, grabados artsticos, colores destinados para pinturas al leo, etc., etc., y toda clase de artculos para sport. Se encargaran, bajo buenas condiciones, de la agencia y repre-
It is one of the best established houses in Medelln, and has modern typographical shops, binding and paper-ruling machinery, and all the latest appliances required for its work.
&
Company
directly import
men
's,
ladies
'
shoes,
ordi-
nary and fancy glassware, china, mouldings, pictures, oils for paintThey accept on reasonable ing, and all kinds of sporting goods. terms the representation of foreigu manufaeturers of all artieles
eonnected with the work of the firm.
sentacin de fbricas extranjeras en manufacturas, relacionadas en cualquier forma con la naturaleza de sus negocios.
Direccin cablegrfica y
ielegrfica:
JOBGrBBAE.
Cahlc and
tclcffrnpli.:
Jorfirhar.
230
CA.
Medelln.
Sociedad comercial colectiva domiciliada en la ciudad de Capital social pagado $80,000 oro. Gerente don
EUBEN
M. ARCILA. Sus productos son de primera calidad y compiten ventajosamente con los mejores extranjeros y del pas. El edificio de la fbrica y la instalacin de su maquinaria son de lo ms completo y adecuado para la
conocimientos en mecnica y perito insuperable en la fabriIndudablemente es una de las emcacin de cerillas. presas mejor organizadas y de ms halageo porvenir.
Direccin por telgrafo:
for which they are intended. The technical work is directed by Don Roberto Tisns, a young man having a thorough knowledge of mechauical engineering, who is besides an expert in match making. This is undoubtedly one of the best organized concerns in the country, and its prospects are ver y bright.
"TRBOL."
E.
RODRGUEZ &
CI.
pesos oro.
Partnership company; paid-in capital, 15,000 dollars; manager, Don Rubn M. Arcila; technical director, Don Carlos E. Rodrguez; headquarters, city of Medelln. This is the leading and perhaps the only enterprise of It has a department of electric ironits kind in Colombia. ing, and its goods, which are first-class and made from material expressly imported by the company, are sold throughout the republic. Telegraph address: "Ceres."
.,:-3# B
PP
J
7^f
Vij
'
E
"''^\^.
:^
1231
Located in the District of Hispania, Province of Riosucio, 2 kilometers from Hispania (formerly Riosucio). These mines belong to a stock company having headquarters at Medelln. The stock is divided iuto 1000 shares. The mauager is Mr. Bartolom de la Roche, a mining expert and wealthy merchant of high social standing. He is
Department of Caldas,
the
main stockholder, and the company ovves its excellent organization and prosperity to his enterprise and good
p.yrite
veins,
oro ($10) por tonelada, en gran abundancia. Posee muchas rocas areniscas, que hacen parte de un cerro de vastas dimensiones. Ley del oro que producen 0,750 a 0,900. La maquinaria que poseen es susceptible de grandes mejoras, las que se han ido introduciendo paulatinamente, aprovechando las utilidades de las minas. Elaboradas en tan imperfecta forma, sin varios de los elementos requeridatos sepados, han dado los siguientes resultados, como rados que sugieren una idea de su riqueza: en 1907-, 38 Tienen arrobas, y en 1915, un producto neto de $75,000 oro. hoy da "tres molinos, sistema autioqueo, catorce coches, una planta de cianuracin capaz para doscienfundicin
:
Quien desee mavores informes puede dirign-se al seor Degerente citado, don Bartolom de la Roche, Medelln, Colombia. de Repviblica partamento de Antioquia,
about ten doUars per ton. There are a great many sandThe finestone rocks, formiug part of a very large hill. ness of the gold produced vares between 0.750 and 0.900. The machinery now used may be greatly improved. The uecessaiy improvements are being gradually made, using Although for the purpose the returns from the mines. worked by imperfect methods, and without all the necessary elemcnts, they have produced the following amounts, which will give an idea of their wealth: in 1907, 38 arrobas, and in 1915, a net output valued at 75,000 dollars. At present they have three milis, of the Antioquian type, fourteen carts, a sraelter. and a cyaniding plant with a capacity of 200 tons per month. For further details, address Don Bartolom de la Roche, IManager, Medelln, Department of Antioquia, Republic of Colombia.
232
irimiiiimiiMniiriimiiiiirimiiMnMmimiiitMniiimiiniiiniiniiiimimi
j,'!-^^^^I^^:j=^l^^ll_ll
iiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimniuiiiuiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiniiuiii
.iiiijiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiuuiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiuiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiii
"EL COLOMBIANO
Medellin, Colombia
Diario de la maana.
J.
Director,
doctor
Morning newspaper.
Contains full local, national and foreign news. An excellent mdium of commercial propaganda. The best advertising newspaper, both on account of its wide circulation and of its low
rates.
M. Yepes.
La ms completa informacin
Activa propa-
Director, Dr. J.
M. Yepes.
local,
nacional y extranjera.
ganda comercial.
ms garantas
!IMIilllllilllllllimilWlllii0llllllllllliil8lllillllllllllll!lllllllllllilllllli^^
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliiliilllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllM^^
Prez
Medellin, Antioquia
Es la primera establecida en Colombia con el carcter de agencia general de negocios, y lo es tambin por su completa organizacin, la actividad y garantas absolutas que ofrece en los asuntos que se le confen.
Principi sus labores hace 14 aos, vendiendo peridicos y libros mano; hoy ascienden a muchos millones de pesos los
The
flrst
It is
promptneas
it ofEers.
de segunda
It ojjened
caudales y valores que se le confan. Sus oficinas y depsitos ocupan ntegramente el edificio
Today
to
it
is
k-
ffTT
-.^snff
entrusted vpith
million pesos.
business amounting
Its offices
severa!
que aparece en
el
fotograbado, en
el sitio
ms
central de la ciudad.
whieh
lies in
Administra la propiedad raz y en los arrendamientos que hace cubre mensualmente por su cuenta los respectivos giros de sus clientes.
firms
and
in-
and
Hace
manejando
capi-
own
funds.
tales de viudas
y menores.
clase de artcuIt acts as
of
dirigrsele en fran-
La correspondencia puede
cs,
on consigument.
Cor-
ingls o castellano.
233
istered
Antonio
J.
lvai'ez
the
La
ms moderna maquinaria
first-class boilers
most modern English maehinery for cctton and steam engines; dyeing works for the
fabrics,
products manufacturad.
Specialties:
tejidos.
wearing-apparel
fancy
eolored
goods,
Especialistas en driles y
telas
de fantasa de
telas a
and
plaid fabrics.
Direccin:
Calle de Palac
Fbrica de Tejidos Hernndez. {Comercio), No. SG, MeeUin, Colmnbia. Por cable Millernan.
: ' '
de Palao
'
'
'
Millernan.
'
SALN pars
El Saln Pars, fundado en febrero de 1914,
es el
1914,
best
known fashion
tado en Medelln, por la alta calidad de sus artculos V la modicidad de sus precios.
Medelln.
Goods
etc.,
United States,
Ventas
al
por mayor y
al detal.
Wholesale and
A.
Merino.
retail business.
:
Fundador
:
propietario:
Jess
Telegramas Jesuamer.
Calle de Golomhia Nos. 209-211, Medelln, Co-
Telegraph
Jesuamer.
lombia.
Medelln, Colombia.
234
da 25 de julio de 1881,
in
es propietario
y fu
el
at prasent the
owner
of
Me-
Medelln y Gii-ardota.
Mr. Torres combines long experience with thorHis drugs are imported directly from the
of
ough
soientific
knowledge.
best
Amrica.
En las
Mede-
factories
Europe
of
and
his
the
United
States.
lln y Antioquia, en los aos de 1905, 1906, 1910 y 1913, present productos de su laboratorjo en competentiia con
He
exhibited
products
in
own
laboratories
at
in
expositions
held
1905,
1906,
1910
and 1913
Bogot,
Medelln,
and
Antioquia,
all
obtaining
always
In the
En
competitors.
los
Certmenes Inobtuvo
as
mismo una
puesto
com-
known product
place
of
Torresinasalts.
denominado
que reemsilla
which
takes
the
fruit
plaza totalmente a
el
la sal de frutas.
Ocup una
en
He was
gress
member
of the
which met
in
He
la
el
da 20 de enero de 1913,
la
praised.
He
graduated
in
pharmacy
de aquella corporacin.
made
versidad
de
Antioquia
se
al
lado
eminentes
especficos
profesores.
En
de
su
fr-
institution.
In
hLs
laboratory
are
prepared
all
patent
medicines
laboratorio
preparan todos
la
patentados
misma
exactitud, pureza
extranjero y tiene
adems un crecido
same purity
are
as in foreign
In addition,
many
specifics
specifics
prepared
from
proved
the
proprietor's
own
prescriptions,
gozan del ms merecido crdito para las enfermededes' que estn indicadas. La Botica Coln de Medelln est situada en la calle de Boyac
Nos. 118 y 120, y la de Girardota en
pal de dicha poblacin.
el
which
have
most
street,
efficacious.
The
Medelln
store
is
situated on
Boyac
Nos.
An
industrial
partment of brine coming out of the natural springs. Chemical analysis shows the excellent quaUty of the salt for the purposes for which it is intended. Water, 18.97 per cent.; sodium chloride, 70.95; oalcium sulphate, chloride, 0.25; and iron 5.53; calcium chloride, 4.01; raagnesium
chloride, 0.24.
company divided into 1953 share.s and exploiting the own lands, in the District of Heliconia, DeAntioquia. The salt is obtained by evaporation of the
Heliconia, anteriormente llamada Guaca, est situada a los 6 5' 20" de latitud norte y a los 1 42' 50" de longitud occidental del meridiano de Bogot. Altura sobre el nivel del mar, 1420 metros; Posee temperatura, 21 grados; habitantes, .5881, censo de 1912. terrenos frtilsimos, carboneras, bosques, cafetales y las mencionadas fuentes saladas. Administrador de la "Sociedad de Guaca," don .loaqun Santamara H.; Consejeros, don Gonzalo Arango A., don Basilio Piedrahita y don R. Saldarriaga; Agente expendedor, don Manuel Restrepo R.; almacn de expendio: edificio propio, frente a la estacin del ferrocarril de Antioquia y de la plaza de mercado cubierto. Heliconia, Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia.
is
and longitude 1 42' 50" east of the meridian of Bogot. Elevation above sea-level, 1420 meters; temperature, 21 C; populaThere are in its neighborhood very rich tion, 5881 (1912 censas). lands, coal deposits, forests, coffee |)lantations, and the above mentioned salt springs.
Manager, Don Joaqun Santamara H advisory board, Dou Gonzak) Arango A., Don BasiUo Piedrahita, and Don R. Saldarriaga; selhng The main store is situated opposite agent, Don Manuel Restrepo R. the station of the Antioquia raihoad and the roofed market place. Heliconia, Department of Antioquia, Colombia.
.
Salina de
Guaca
Guaca Salt
Springs
Salina de
Guaca
235
IJHUO
.V/AUi l)K
()F
COIjOMBTA
FUNDICIN
"
JS'rRJ<;LLA" ES'l'RKLLA
l"\)UiKlry
FOUNDRY
Establecimiento de fundicin y talleros de nieci'inica de iM'opiedad (lo Esl,a los seores Escobar, Londoo & CAa., Siii\s. d(^ Vella & lso.obar. importante fbrica, situada en la fraccin de Robledo (Medelln, Departamento de Ani.ioquia, (Colombia) dio priticipio a sus labores en el ao de 1896 bajo la dir(^c(^in del muy inteligente y hbil mecnico don Pedro M. Velilla. Ijafiieriia (mn (juo caienta boy la. empresa, parael Se dispone all para, la funcionamiento de la ma(|uinaria os de 40 II. I'. ejecucin de los trabajos d(^ ran varieda.d de aparatos, tales como tornos,
taladros, ele, (^tc., de construM^in inodornisima, ])ro(^edentes en su
((pillos,
and machine shop owned by Messrs. Escobar, Londoo & C'om|)any, siuccossors to Velilla and Escobar. It is located at the suburban t'own of Robledo, in the outsUirts of Medelln, Department Founded in 1896, under the direction of of Antioquia, Colombia. the very intelligent and skiUful me(chanical engineer Don Pedro M.
Velilla."
is
II-
(c(piipp(c(l wt,h
It uses today 40 horsepower for running its machinery. a large variety of apparatus, siuch as lathes, planers,
rr(\sad(>ras,
i>arte de Norte-Am('rVA pu-.sonal de la fbrica, (ju(^ lia, sido cuidadosamente .sol(^c(Monad() es verda.deram(Mite (^()nipi^tont(^ y (^onstaen la actualidad do 50 obreros.
i(^a.
mayor
inilling iiKKchincs, drills, etc., of moilern construction,mostallof themimported from tluc thiiled States. The i)er.sonnel has been carefully selected, andatpre.sentconsistsof 50skillfulmechanics. The nianagers are Messrs. Justiniano Escobar O. and Roberto Londoo, niembers of the firm. Thc i)ro(lu(!ts of tilo works im\ not limited to one single specialty, but ncliido all kinds of machinery. However, ))arti(cular attention is givoii to (coffee machinery, succli as thrashing, hulling, sorting, and
Son administrador(^sdela,casa
los socios
somjros .lustiniano
Another specialty is machinery for hydroeectric vvashing nuuchines. Tlio works manufacturo also church ckxcks, which have plants. already won great reputation, on account both of the excellent material us(cd in them and of the regularity with
which they work, qualities
that mako them equal to the bost imported docks. Moro than 150 docks of this kind manufactured by tilo works are at present in uso tliroughout the republic.
ospe(MalmeMl,( a(|uella (|Uo trilladoras, doscorezadoras, (tufas, (rlasiliiracloras, (wto es: Lo mismo puede do(m'So en cuanto a la maquinaria lavadoras, etc., eli(^ Es esta casa tambin (conslii(lruli(a psira instalaciones el'clricas. tructora de relojes para torro, (nmocidos ya en casi todo el pas y cuyo crdito se debe, no slo a la (calidad del material (po .se empba en la obra, sino a su exaicto funcioiamicnto, (pie bien pu(\(lo competir con el de aparal,os do procedencia oxiraiijera. So hallan ya fuiucionandoentoda la repbliica, ms do 150 rol()j(\s fabricados por dicha, casa. Entre otras cosas rtonstriiyo ailomjs esl,a afamada fbricca,, trapicdios
muy
Mscobar O. y K.oberto Londoo. Los productos do di(^ha oniprosa no estn limitados a mi solo ramo, sino por el contrario comprendan (^asi toda pero clase do nia<piinaria, so relaciona (mu el bonotico del urano
de
(taf,
which are
among
the best in
Colom-
bia, coffoe milis and toasters, (choccolato milis, Californian milis, water pipe.
caa de lo mejor ipac so. (Hinoco en (d pas, miiiuinas moledoras y tostadoras de caf y ca(!ao, molinos californianos, tuberas, ruedas Pelton y una innidad de efectos ms que se venden con absoluta
))ara
Polln wlieeis, and a great many othor arti(des, all of which are absolutdy guara-nt(cod.
garanta.
la
materia y
((ue
lian
visitado los (Centros ms importantes del pas, es sin duda alguna <!ste establecimiento de la "Estrella," el taller de esta clase ms en grande y mejor organizado del la repblica.
According to the opinof exports who have traveled all over tlio country, tliis ostablisliment is the largost and best organized in the republic.
in
Lii
casa
de
Ortiz
(^a.
es
in-
'Plic
oldest
and
largest
imfirm
la
ms
gramil'
iU>
antigua
l)ortors of cigarettes.
The
troductora
cigarrillos.
Hoy
fbrica
ha montado una
gran
equipped with
machinery,
largo
th(>
niost
modern
of
cuenta
con
inaciuiiaria
and
for
disiioscs
its
moderna y un
capital
grande
pro-
capital
operation.
para su desarrollo.
Todo
siiMiiprc
la
very
much
in
demand,
trade-
mark being
the country.
the best-reputed in
marca de Ortiz y
acreditada del pas.
ms
;23t
Successors to
Piano dealers. The firm was founded in 1880, and is one of the oldest and best reputed in
Colombia.
It
Tiene almacenes y depsitos todas las ciudades principales de la Repblica. Su crdito es nico y el pblico le
en
'
has
all
stores
and
warehouses in
the highest
the principal
It enjoys
confianza absoluta; debido a esto y a la experiencia y prctica de sus directores las ventas de instrumentos son en un 50% superiores a las de todos los dems vendedores de pianos reunidos. Los seores D'Achiardi son nicos agentes con representacin exclusiva de las renombradas marcas The AutoPI.\NO COMPANY, KOIII.ER & CaMPBELL y J. C. PlSCHER, DE
tiene
una
reputation,
and
is
On
on account of the long experienee of its direetors, its piano sales are 50 per cent larger than
those of
Selle
all
agents
the
New
York.
de instrumentos de msica dando grandes facilidades para el pago, por el sistema de pequeas cuotas mensuales y garantizan los instrumentos por un tiempo, reparando gratis los daos que puedan ocurrir. Tienen departamentos anexos de muebles finos y elegantes, bajo las mismas condiciones de pago para facilitar
clase
las ventas.
-'
during which
all
repairs are
made
easy terms.
Branch
offices in
FARMACIA CENTRAL
Medelln, Colombia.
Propietarios: Arango, Uribe y Ca.
Introduce directamente sus drogas de las principales casas europeas y americanas. Adems de esto vende
vinos, cognac, etc., etc.
can firms.
etc.
Wholesale and
prices
retail trade.
Best
and diseounts.
237
PouticsIndstryCommerceLiteratureSocial Mattebb
Director:
Editors:
1
MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA
Antonio
J.
Cano
Carlos E. Restrepo, Mariano Ospina V., Jorge RodrLzaro Tobn, Pedro P. Botancourt, Gregorio rez, txormn Uribe H., Luis F. Osorio, .los Mara .laramillo Mtz.
2,500 copies weekly
Published in Medelln, second city oflthe republic; sixteen pages, of whioli ten are devoted to politics, science, literature, industry, commerce, and news.
The seotion on poltica is directed by Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo, ex-president of the republic, who has been proaching and defcnding his viows on toerance, republicanism, patriotism, and progresa. It ciroulates in all the cities and towns of the republic, and exchanges with the beat publications of the American continent.
Published and aupported by a 200-sharo stock company. Subscriptioi lerms: One year (50 numbers), $4; six nionths (25 numbers), $2. Advertisements: The magaziiio publishes sovoral pagea of advertisements, giving the preference to foreign advertisemnets, the priees being as follows: One page, $4; one-half page, $2; one-quarter page, $1. For a sufficient number of insortions, 10 per cent discount. For all matters relating to aubacriptions and advertfaements, address
Director-Adminislrndor,
Antonio
.1.
Cano.
Antonio
J.
Cano, Director-Administrador
CA,
Factory.
a peaar de su reciente fundaein, ocupa hoy uno do los primeros y ms importantes puestos en el negocio cigarrero del pas. Como datos principales de la empresa se anotan los siguientes. La produccin de cigarros y cigarrillos es muy variable, pero se puede asegurar que por lo menos abastece la mitad del actual consumo en el departamento, adems de lo que despacha para otros. Sus acreditadas marcas registradas son las siguientes: Cigarrillos: "Victoria", "Egipto", "Cocotero", "Cndor", "Gigante" y "Lujo siendo las ms importantes y conocidas las dos primeras, de fama hoy en toda la
^
repblica. Cigarros:
Hispanos Conchitas Piuelas "Imperio", "Excelsos "Corchitos" y "Vainillas". - La elaboracin de cigarrillos se hace en maquinaria moderna, y tambin se emplean en diversas ocupaciones relacionadas con los cigarrillos y cigarros, 200 obreras y 20
,
, ,
^^.
,,
obreros.
Ca. ha emprendido un extenso cultivo de tabaco vegas del ro Poblanco, con semillas importadas de Cuba y dirigido por un hbil esperanzas de que muy pronto el tabaco cultivado experto cubano. Se tienen fundadas de esta manera cientfica pueda competir con las mejores calidades introducidas, y completamente nacional. industria ser decir que la para entonces se podr La fbrica que se est montando en Manizales, de propiedad de esta misma sociedad, artculos que la de Medelln. acreditados producir los mismos Es, pues, recomendable negociar con la casa de Escobar, Restrepo & Ca., tanto alta calidad de los artculos que fabrica, como por la esta firma, por la honorabilidad de los cuales da por da tienen mejor aceptacin.
en
las
Notwithstanding its recent foundation, this factory is one of the most important kind in the repubUc. of cigara and cigarettes is very variable, but there is no doubt that the factory supplies at least one-half of the needs of the department, besides what it sends to other departmcnts. It makes the foUowing brands of cigarettes, of which the first two are the most important, being today well known throughout the republic: "Victoria", "Egipto", "Cocotero", "Cndor", "Gigante", and "Lujo". As to cigars, it manufactures the foUowing brands: "Imperio", "Excelsos", "Piuelas", "Conchitas", "Hispanos", "Corchitos", and "Vainillas". Cigarettes are niade with modern machinery. The factory employs 200 women and 20 men in all the operations connected with the making of cigars and cigarettes. The firm of Escobar, Restrepo & Company has started large tobceo plantations on the banks of the Poblanco nver, using seed brought from Cuba. A Cuban expert is in charge of the plantation. It is expected that before long the tobceo thus scientifically raised will compete with the best imported qualities, and then the home tobceo industry will supply the whole of the repuolic. The same firm is establishing a similar factory in Manizales, which will no doubt produce the same high-grade articles as the Medelln factory. The firm of Escobar, Restrepo & Company is thoroughly reliable and, as just stated, is turning out articles of the best quality, the popularity of and demand for which are
of its
The production
constantly increasing.
ante:!)
^^^^^H
llbt "al?'
*'.'''^'''
S^^.^y.- ^
^'
m
1
'^M
.:
238
The
J.
Mr.
nico
blecida en el ao de 1880,
empleando combustible
It vises
ms
acreditadas en Inglaterra.
plata, se escogieron los
Para
los
ensayes de
For
silver assays,
the methods
mtodos adoptados en
used in Prance by Ga.yliusac have been adopted.
to
puede computarse en
pesos.
la cifra
La
debe
muchos bienes a este honorable establecimiento, cuyo ejemplo ha sido imitado por otros distinguidos empresarios en
el
much
benefited
b,y this
mismo ramo. J
Banqueros y
Cobran
el pas,
ComisionistasBankers
CA.
letras
Drafts discounted throughout the republic on modrate terms, and corresponding amounts promptly sent by check,
Representatives of foreign firms, for whom they invest capital in industrial, mining, agricultural,
Representan casas extranjeras, y por cuenta de ellas colocan dinero en emprstitos pblicos y en empresas industriales, mineras y agrcolas.
Direccin
telegrfica:
"Union."
Cdigos:
and other enterprises. Telegraph address: "Union." Codes: A. B. C. 5th ed., Lieber 's, and Samper.
239
Heiniger
Established in
several
(Departamento de Antio-
Medelln,
3^ears ago.
Department
of
Antioquia,
Gran
and platinum
platino.
watches.
Oculists' prescriptions
suit all eyes.
filled.
Eye-glasses to
tiles
zafiros, topacios,
tools.
and
all
MIGUEL VSQUEZ
VASQUEZ & SONS Sucesores de Chaves Vsquez & Ca Successors to Chaves Vasquez & Co.
Medelln, Colombia.
E HIJOS MIGUEL
Almaen de ferretera y tiles para la minera fuiulado en el uo do 1890 por los seores Miguel Vsquez B. y Jos Joaqun Hoyos. Este almacn, uno de los ms antiguos de la ciudad, es hoy La propiedad de los seores Miguel, Carlos y Manuel Vsquez. administracin est a cargo de los dos ltimos y cuenta con un
tren de empleados que conocen a fondo este
Hardware and
niiiiiu}^-
tools.
Store founded
in
LS90 by Messra.
.Jos
Joaqun Hoyos.
and
is
The
introducciones se
men
In addition thore
All
iniportations are
made
Todos los artculos que se expenden en este almacn son garantizados como de primera calidad. Tambin cuenta el almacn con un departamento bancario para facilitar las operaciones de giros y descuentos. Sus oficinas catn situadas en la parte ms central y comercial de la ciudad. La direccin telegrfica es: Chaves, Medem.n.
dircct
Everything sold
is
guar-
anteed as
quality.
The
city.
store has a
banking department
It
is
to
discount opi'iatioiis.
located in
tlie
240
J.
CANO
Libros impresos
el libro del
ele
Printed books of
speeialty.
all
kinds.
Latest books a
da o de actualidad.
Papeles de toda
clase.
Gran variedad de
Textos
pizarras.
tiles
de escritorio.
para
escuelas
colegios;
mapas,
School and college textbooks maps
;
slates.
Gran variedad de
tarjetas postales.
cristos.
Estampas, medallas,
15 aos de crdito.
Introduccin directa y
Bstablislied fifteen
tion.
years.
Direct importa-
permanente.
'
DAVID
E.
ARANGO
Medelln, Colombia
Antigua casa
de
Successors to the od firm of Leocadio Mara Ai-ango and
Tlie present house was established by Mr. David E. Arango, a son of the founder, who has been able, owing to his many high qualities, to keep the
higli
its
"Leocadio
La
actual
fu por
frst
of
establecida
el
seor
David E. Arango,
hijo del fundador
Sewing machines.
Graphophones.
Sol agent in
y persona que ha
sabido
por
sus
cuali-
muchas
la
"Cyma"
Watch Company.
dades conservar a
nueva Joyera
el
todo
prestigio
alcanzado
po
aquel antiguo
tablecimiento,
esel
mente en Medelln.
artculos en todos los
de
los
ms
finos
Francia,
Suiza y
Estados Unidos.
Mquinas de
coser,
la
graffonos.
Representantes nicos en
Antioquia de
"Tavannes
de
la
Watch
Co.,"
fabricantes
del
reloj
"Cyma" y
Law
Firm
Medelln, Colombia
Continan ocupndose en
1.
lo
siguiente:
se ventilen
Tribunal Superior de Antioquia, la Gobernacin, la el Tribunal Administrativo de Antioquia y Caldas, la Jefatura General de Polica, el Concejo Municipal de Medelln, y las dems oficinas judiciales y administrativas d esta ciudad: 2. Redaccin de documentos, plizas de escrituras, testamentos y memoriales. 3. Examen de ttulos de propiedad. 4. Solucin de consultas sobre puntos de Dereelio. 5. Constitucin de tribunales de arbitramento. 6. Registro de marcas de fbrica y de comercio y solicitud de patentes de invencin. 7. Cobro judicial y extrajudicial de deudas; y 8. En todos los dems asuntos relacionados con la profesin de Abogado civiles, penales, administrativos, comerante
Cmara de Comercio,
engaged in the following: Acting as attorneys in matters carried before the Superior Tribunal of Antioquia, the Department Administration, the Chamber of Commerce, the Administrative Tribunals of Antioquia and Caldas, the General Plice leadquarters, the Municipal Couneil of Medelln, and the other judicial and administrative offices of the same city.
Still
1.
2. 3.
Drawing up doeuments,
deeds, wills,
and
petitions.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Trade-mark registration and application for patents. Collection of debts through the courts or by special
Everything
else
settlement.
8.
el
ramo de comercio y a
los
Para dar cumplimiento a sus mltiples compromisos prohan obtenido la colaboracin del notable literato y orador don Gabriel Latorre, para las audiencias ante el
fesionales,
and
jurado.
Don
in jury triis.
CA.
Firm founded
L.,
in
1900.
Partners:
Alejandro ngel
This house
Its
mejor. Propietarios de la TRILLADORA DEL NORTE, en Medelln, y de muchas otras en los centros productores del departamento. Poseen tambin la fbrica de CHOCOLATE "CRUZROJA", cuyos productos gozan del ms alto crdito en todo el pas.
mark is universally known and highly reputed. Owners of the Trilladora del Norte (North^ Thrashing
many
Ownei-s of the Cruz-Roja Chocolate Factory, whose products enjoy the highest reputation throughout the republic.
242
HOTEL EUROPA
Medelln, Colombia
Propietario: Guillermo Gebhaed.
Proprietor, Guillermo Gebhaed.
El mejor hotel
ele
la repblica.
The best
Esplndida casa, amplia y bien ventilada, con 40 j)iezas magnficas. Cocina excelente. Comedores y salones para toda clase de fiestas. Baos
fros
Spacious and
well ventilated building with 40 excellent rooms. Eirst-class cooking. Dining rooms and parlors
GERMN WOLFF
tablecidos desde el ao de 1861 por el
Estos grandes talleres de fundicin fueron esmuy apreciable caballero Reginaldo Wolff, padre de don
Large foundry established 1861 by Mr. Reginald de Wolff, father of the present owner.
Manufacturing plant of
in:
all
kinds of machin-
mining
milis, crushers
suitable
worked by hydraulic power, steam power or animal power; coffee threshers of various prices and sizes; Pelton wheels with
milis to be their corresponding pipe system.
tuberas.
Este establecimiento posee una magnfica maquinaria moderna y por su antigedad y por la excelencia de sus productos, en los cuales se emplean los mejores materiales, goza de extenso y merecido crdito. Despacha para las diversas regiones del pas los pedidos que se le hagan respecto de toda clase de productos relacionados con
This establishment
is fitted
machinery and is able to turn out first-class work. Underbids any other concern for large contracts.
Direccin
De-
By
243
wire
WOLFF.
R.
LA
"BSCUEDE
diplo-
Studies made at the Paris International Tailoring School. Diploma awarded for the making of men's
mas de honor en
la confeccin
de
and women's
ence.
clothes.
Long
experi-
Gran surtido de paos, artculos para hombre y ropa hecha, introducidos directamente de Inglaterra y de Francia. Calle de Junn Nos. 51-53 y 55.
nishings,
Large stock of goods, men's furready-made clothes, directly imported from England and
Franco.
Sastre.
Shop: Junn street, Nos. 51-55. Telegraph address Sastre. Telephone No. 110.
:
LE
Es hoy da el mejor almacn de modas para hombres que Fundado existe en Medelln. en el ao de 1912 debe su buen crdito a la superior calidad de los artculos que A'ende, y por mantener siempre el surtido ms completo de la plaza. Propietarios: Hijo de Juan
;
BOULEVARD
Medelln, Colombia
men
best fashion store for in Medelln. Founded in 1912. It owes its reputation to
The
quality
its
of
its
keeping the
city.
Juan
S.
C.
S.
TI POGRAFIA
Fundada en
:
INDUSTRIAL
Founded in 1900. Proprietors, G. Meja B. and Company. Excellent
1900.
Propieta'
'
Industrial Typographical
rios " G. Meja B. y Ca. nfica maquinaria moderna, da por fuerza elctrica.
Magmovi-
Establishment
delln, por los excelentes elementos con que cuenta para ello, para la publicacin de anuncios j carteles de espectculos pblicos. Libros, tarjetas, peridicos, talonarios. Cuenta con 30 obreros habilsimos. Direccin telegrfica: "Gabrieleme." Medelln, Colombia.
It is the favorite estalilishment in Medelln, on account of its excellent equipment for the publication of advertisements, posters, books, cards,
electricity.
El laboratorio, fundado hace 40 aos, goza de gran crdito en toda la repblica por la perfeccin de sus ensayos de metales preciosos, etc., etc. Est instalado en la ciudad de Medelln, el principal centro minero del pas. Sus socios, Tulio, Pedro Nel y Mariano Ospina Vsquez son eminentes personalidades en la repblica, han ocupado altos puestos oficiales, y son propietarios de ricas minas de oro y plata en el Departamento de Antioquia.
2-W
jo.ys excellent
The partners, Messrs. Tulio, Pedro Nel and Mariano Ospina Vsquez are all prominent personages in the republie, having held high offieial They owu rieh gold and silver mines positious. in the Department of Antioquia.
CA.
&
Co.,
BuiLDING CoNTRACTORS
Medelln, Colombia.
Enrique
Ciarte,
Roberto
Enrique
Ciarte,
Roberto
Toda
clase de construcciones
All
kinds
of
arcliitectural
arquitectnicas.
work.
A.
AND SONS
Founded
in
1857 in
Exporters of
Panam
Compradores de
caf,
on commission.
hats,
Buyers
Panam
nam
and
hides,
on commission.
Se encargan de representar casas extranjeras. Importadores en grande escala de artculos para hombre y en especial sombreros de fieltro
and
especially felt
and
soft hats.
y de
lana.
-)
Drafts collected.
Banking
references.
Propietarios de
SANDINOS &
ca.
Cwners of
El Eco de Francia.
Direccin
Founded
nos.
in 1897.
telegrfica
Telegrapl
address
Sandi-
Sandinos. Introduccin directa. Telas de lana. Ropa extranjera. Sedera. Encajes. CinArtculos Cristalera. tas. tocador. Calzado, regalo para y artcuclase de toda y adems seoras. para los de lujo
Direct importation.
Woolen
clothing.
materials.
Foreign
Laces.
Toilet
Silk goods.
Ribbons.
Glassware.
and
all
gift articles.
Slioes
and
Cuenta
con un
distera.
ladies.
EBANISTERA VELEZ
Vlez
R.
HERMANOS
First prize at the 1910 Medelln Exposition.
in 1901.
Fundada en
1901.
es
Primer premio
Founded
jy.M^
''/-'AJ..
Su maquinaria
forc of
Lowest
prices.
vender a precios bajos. Surte todo el departamento y exporta gran cantidad de muebles a los departamentos vecinos. La administracin de esta empresa est hoy a cargo de los seores Camilo A. Echeverri y Alberto Jaramillo.
245
This works sujDplies the whole department and sends a great deal of furniture to neighboring departments.
ZARKOL
Preventivo y remedio contra las enfermedades de los animales, vacunos, caballares, caninos, de lana, cerda, etc., etc.
Medelln, Colombia
mestie animis.
The
only
really
scientific
easily applied.
ZAEKOL se disuelve inmediatamente en todo lquido, y se da a los animales en agua, aguamasa, sal, salvado, maz, pastos, aguamiel y aun puro, pues lo toman con verdadero gusto.
ZARKOL
quid and
is
dissolves readily in
easily taken
ZARKOL
es
The ame
ZARKOL
is registered.
dad exclusiva de Jaramillo Olarte t Co., Medelln, Colombia. Sociedad Colombiana de Productos
Qumicos.
uDi
Sol owners:
)_
.
Colombia.
ZABEOL
ZAEKOL
America.
is
E.
CARDONA
The eare taken in selecting the beans as weU as in working them, has given this factory the highest rank, as shown by the constantly increasing
demand
It uses the
que emplea, de los ltimos modelos. Direccin Carlos E. Cardona, Medelln, Colombia.
latest machinery.
Address Carlos E.
Cardona,
Medelln,
Colombia.
La
Situated at Leoncito, 40 kilometers from Medelln, That the capital of the Department of Antioquia. city uses all the cement produced by the works.
This cement
the
is
United States.
con ensayos rigurosamente cientficos. es capaz para seis toneladas por da.
La maquinaria
This has been shown by very The works has a capacity of 6 tons
Vsquez Hermanos y Ca., hijos de Flix A. Correa y Ca., y Eduardo Vsquez J. El capital invertido es de 120,000 dlares. La empresa la manejan los ingenieros seores Teodosio Ramrez y Francisco de P. Acevedo el primero como gerente de la sociedad, y el segundo como
los seores
Vsquez
J.
Engineers Teodosio Ramrez and Francisco de P. Acevedo, the former being general manager of the company, and the latter,
company
is
directed
by
the
Locales propios.
Founded
in 1872.
Own
building.
kinds
tores, dentistas
photographers;
wall
paper;
window panes;
dura,
vidrios
molduras,
cristalera,
etc.
246
Proprietor,
Noall kinds of instruments. String and other instruments. Writing materials. Statuary. Consignments. Commission business. Eepresentations. Pur church and table wines. Samples, catalogues, representations, etc.,
Musi for
etc.,
requested.
Good
references.
etc.
Buenas
mucho y ganar
Cable
y
Agents for foreign and home newspapers and periodicals. Our motto is: Sell mtjch and make little.
Visit our store. Cable and telegraph: Errevella.
ms de quince aos de
existencia, es
especialista en la venta de artculos para hombre, logrando realizar gran, cantidad de camisas, ropa interior,
a specialty of men's
cially
shirts,
ties, collars,
articles,
espe-
sombreros,
etc.,
corbatas,
cuellos,
puos,
etc.
imported and of the best quality, and for this reason the firm enjoys the confidence and esteem of its numerous patrons.
Cuenta con
edificio
propio y maquinaria modernsima. En la actualidad se producen ochenta clases distintas de galletas y confites.
Las esencias
y tintes, nicos artculos que hoy se importan del extranjero, dentro de breve
tiempo sern fabricados en el laboratorio de la misma fbrica. Todos sus productos son de primera calidad. Tiene como
was the
first fac-
Es
la
Department of Antioquia.
trade
Its registered
mark
is
a parrot.
&
Ca.
cumplimiento en sus compromisos con los clientes de la ciudad y de los pueblos del Departamento de Antioquia. Uno de sus propietarios hizo estudios especiales en la ciudad de Nueva York con la aprobacin y el sello de la Escuela de
^^
al por mayor y al detal toda clase de artculos para hombres, ropa hecha, paos, etc. Edificio Duque, Nos. 132-134. Telefona No. 891.
It enjoys the best establishments of its kind. well desei-ved reputation on account of the satisfaetion it has given to its patrons both in the city and in other towns of the Department of Antioquia. One of its owners made special studies in New York and was highly recommended by the Mitchell Tailoring Sehool. All kinds of goods for men, ready-made elothes, materials, etc., imported and sold both wholesale and retail.
One of
Duque
Building,
Medelln,
Teleplione No- 891.
Medelln, Colombia.
247
Ca.
Co. 's
English Store
Departamento de
Antioquia de acreditadas casas de calzado americano. Exportacin. Propietarios de las grandes fincas
Urrao y
Owners
Choc, en
el
mismo departamento.
Commercial Bank of
f arms, in the
same department.
Referencias:
& Company,
Medelln, Colombia.
Almacn Santan-
hombre.
Mercancas
der (Santander Store). Fashion store. Men's furnishing goods a specialty. French, English, Italian, American, and h o e
Calle de Co-
goods. House f ounded in 1901. Address.: Calle de Colombia, Cuadra 5*, No. 113, Medelln, Colombia.
OSORIO -NGEL
Ingenieros- -Engineers MedelUn, Colombia
Negocios de Ingeniera. Agencia y Representacin de Casas Fabricantes Extranjeras. Monta,! E de Maquinarias. Alumbrado Elctrico. Se encargan de suministrar toda clase de informes relacionados con su profesin a corporaciones extranjeras.
Engineering work of
all
kinds.
Electric lighting.
all
kinds of Informa-
Socios:
J. J.
Pariners:
ngel, Ingeniero
electricista.
and
J. J. ngel, Civil
SCAR DUPERLY
Medelln, Antioquia, Colombia
Exporto en
el
Agent
LIBBO
A7jVj
FRANCISCO
RANGO
V.
Medelln, Colombia Las ms fuertes introducciones de mercancas The largest dealer in Suaza hats and other Surtido comdel pas y de sombreros Suazas. domestic goods. Complete stock of supplies f or pleto de artculos para zapatera y talabartera. shoemakers and saddlers. Agente exclusivo de los afamados cigarros Sol agent f or the f amous Carlos Pinzn AmCarlos Pinzn de Ambalema y Lorenzo Ortega balema cigars, and Lorenzo Ortega Zapatoca cide Zapatoca; de los materiales de la Tenera "San Jos," los ms acreditados en todo el degars f or the products of the San Jos Tannerj^, partamento; de las harinas marcas "La Reina" considered the best in the department; for "La y "La Unin," que son las ms blancas, las ms Reina" and "La Unin" flours, which are the puras y las ms rendidoras y de los productos richest, whitest, and purest and for the products de la Compafia Industrial de Chocolate y Caf, of the Compaa Industrial de Chocolate y Caf, entre los cuales est en primera lnea el renomamong them the f amous "La Bandera" chocobrado Chocolate LA BANDERA, el mejor conolate, which is the best chocolate known. cido.
;
;
HERMANO DE
Brother of
A
a.
MORENO
Moreno and
& ca.
Co.
La Casa
fundada
el
de
En
se
cin
y exportacin de diversos
iglesia, tiles
artculos
y espeetc., etc.
The firm of Abraham Moreno & Brothers was founded in 1877 and continued imtil 1914, when it was dissolved on account of the death of its founder. The new firm was organized in 1916. It does business of various kinds, and imports and exports se ve ral articles, making a specialty
of religious books, church ornaments, writing
materials,
etc., etc.
mentos para
de escritorio,
Doctor
of
Law
Medelln, Colomhia
la
Agencia de infomiaein
e industrias de la repblica.
estadstica, comercio
Representaciones y
comisiones.
Department of Antioquia. Burean of statisticoimnercial, and industrial information, cal, Representations and commission business.
McEwen
McEwen
calidad
Medelln, Departamento de Antioquia Esta excelente fbrica de monturas, la mejor This excellent saddle factory, the best in de Medelln, fu fundada por el seor don Julio Medelln, was founded by Mr. Julio McEwen in
en el ao de 1904; y por la escogida de los materiales que emplea introducidos directamente de Europa y Estados Unidos y por la a])Soluta correccin en todos sus trabajos, goza de merecidsimo crdito por parte de su rica clientela. Quien busque verdaderos artculos de lujo, all solamente los encon-
1904.
it
account of the quality of the materials emploj^s, directly nported from Europe and
On
the United States, and of the entire satisfaction that it always gives, it enjoys a well deserved If you reputation among its many patrons. wish tlie handsomest articles, this is the place to
find them.
249
trar.
Esta impor-
in 1916.
distributing
all
it
newspapers,
and
collecting
lo
payments.
It also takes
charge of
No
extra
No hay
made
for
made
special
on commission any
HORACIO
M.
rodrguez
Medelln, Colombia
ARQUITECTO
CONSTRUCTOR
Calle de Caracas
ARCHITECT
AND BUILDER
Calle de Caracas
N.o ggS
No. 9698
R.
echavarra &
ca.
Medelln, Colombia
Echavarra & Ca., casas establecidas en los aos de 1877 y 1897 Fundadores de la respectivamente. "Compaa Colombiana de Tejidos."
Hijo y de
Propietarios de la Fbrica de Materiales
&
Son and
founded
to Echavarra
in
&
Co.,
two firms
de Construccin.
Agentes exclusivos para Antioquia y Caldas de la casa The .Eolian Company, fabricante del famoso Piano Pianola.
and Caldas
the folian
Company,
DOCTOR GIL
J.
GIL
MDICO Y Cirujano
Medelln, Colombia
Medelln, Colombia
250
Mining and chemical engineer, gradate of the National Sehool of Mines o Colombia and of the University of Louisiana, U. S.; special studies at University of Liege, Belgium. Mining and industrial business.
Medelln, Colombia.
With maps and beautiful illustrations. Adopted by the government as a textbook for normal schools. Prize at Centenary of the Independence, 1910. Order from the author, Medelln, Antioquia.
Harold B. Meyerheim.
Agente consular de Estados Unidos. Cnsul de Blgica. general de comercio y de minas. Medelln, Colombia.
Agente
Consular agent of the United States. Belgian cnsul. commercial and mining agent. Medelln, Colombia.
General
Villa.
Professor of bacteriology and clinic of tropical diseases at the Medelln Medical Sehool. Specialist in tropical medicine. Laboratory for aU kinds of medical research. Medelln, Colombia.
F. L.
Moreno y
Ca.
Ca.
Casa fundada en 1901. Importadores, exportadores y comisionisCompleto y renovado surtido de mercancas inglesas, franSus gneros blancos, zarazas e hUos cesas, italianas y americanas.
no tienen competencia. Direccin telegrfica: A. B. C, Lieber's. Medelln, Colombia.
"More."
Cdigos:
"Chapinero."
Magnfico establecimiento de licores situado en la parte toresca de la ciudad. Propietario: Femando Morales.
ms
pin-
city.
Magnifieent liquor shop located in the most picturesque part of the Proprietor: Fernando Morales. Medelln, Colombia.
"La Estrella" J.
cigarrillos
Vicente Jaramillo A.
General notion store. Complete stock of cigars, cigarettes, and kinds of eanned goods. Commission business. Consignments. Calle Carabobo, Medelln, Colombia.
all
Almacn de cacharros en general. Surtido completo de cigarros, y rancho de todas clases. Comisiones y consignaciones.
Ramn y Juan
Agentes de casas extranjeras. Comisionistas. Farmaceutas. Casa fundada en 1906. Ramo de agencias, a cargo del socio Ramn Pelez. Ramo de farmacia, a cargo del socio Juan B. Pelez. MedelUn, Colombia.
B. Pelez.
Agents for foreign liouses. Commission merchants. Pharmacists. Agency department managed by the partner Eain 1906. mn Pelez. Pharmacy department managed by the partner Juan B.
Founded
Pelez.
Medelln, Colombia.
Doctor
Ramn Lince
P.
Dentista
N. 7S Carrera Cundinamarca, Medelln, Colombia. ltimos procedimientos en la ciencia y arte dentales. Gabinete dental elctrico.
Dentist
plianees.
Latest methods in the art and science of dentistry. Electric apNo. 78 Carrera Cundinamarca, MedelUn, Colombia.
Caf
Cofifee.
:
Premiado con medalla de oro en 1910. Fabricado con grano de primera calidad. [Siempre Puro! Siempre >RE Igual! Propietario: Toms Muoz A. Medelln, Calle de Boyac, N. 67.
Made from best-quality berries. Gold medal awarded in 1910. Ahvays t) the same! Proprietor, Toms Muoz A. pur! Ahoays Always -pur! Medelln, Calle de Boyac, No. 67.
Julin Escobar e
Venden permanentemente
lorina,
los siguientes
afamados
especficos:
Keep a permanent
rie,
famous
specifics:
Dolo-
remedio ideal para curar los dolores de cabeza; Contra-gripa; Hemoglobina Larroche, cura la anemia. Direccin telegrfica: "Isabar. " Medelln, Antioquia.
an ideal remedy for headache; Contra-gripa {Antigrip) ; LarTelegraph address: "Isaroche Saimoglobin, a cure for anemia. bar," Medelln, Colombia.
251
Specialties :
utensils,
enameled
iron,
MedelUn, Colombia.
&
Co.
General
Casa fundada en 1823. Grandes introductores de paos y telas de lana, gneros de algodn blancos y de color, etc., etc.
MedelUn, Colombia.
Founded in 1822. Large importers of woolen materials, white and colored eotton goods, etc. etc. MedelUn, Colombia.
Lisandro Ochoa.
Casa fundada en 1888. Fabricantes de naipes. Especialista en explosivos para minera y cacera, cacharros, comisiones, consignaCalle de Colombia, MedelUn. clones, agencias.
Founded in 1888. Manufacturer of playing cards. Specialties: gunpowder, mining explosivos, notions, commissions, consignments, representations. Calle de Colombia, MedelUn.
Wholesale and retail druggists. Firm founded in 1903. PrescripImporters of best articles in their line. tions a specialty. Calle de Ayacucho, 125-127, MedelUn, Colombia.
Francisco
de cacharrera Propietario Joyera falsa. Eelojes. Artculos para seoras y caballoIntroduccin directa. ros. Carrera Bolvar, N.os 71-73. MedelUn, Colombia.
J.
Arango
elry,
T.
y mercera.
Proprietor of "La Germania, " large notion store. Imitation jewwatches, articles for ladies and gentlemen. Direct importation. Carrera Bolvar, Nos. 71-73, MedelUn, ColomMa.
Laureano Merino
Ventas por mayor y al N.o'S7;
detal.
Sons.
Importadores
Almacenes:
Importers
"La Moda
Elegante,"
Crucero Ayacucho y Palac. Especialidades: Mantillas, Sederas, Telas de Lana y de Lana y Seda. MedelUn, Colombia.
Calle Colombia,
"El Chic,"
Shops: "La Moda Elegante," Calle Eetail and wholesale trade. Colombia, No. 87; "El Chic" Ayacucho and Palac Streets. Specialties: mantillas, silk and woolen goods. MedelUn, Colombia.
Manufacturers of ribbons, lamp wicks and shoemaker's and carpenter's tacks, and dealers in croekery and all kmds of notions. Foreign goods sold on commission. MedelUn, Antioquia, Colombia. Calle de Colombia, Almacn No. SOS.
Dental Surgeon
Graduated in New York and holds special diploma from the Dental School of Bogot, Colombia. At present praeticmg his profession lu the city of Medelln, capital of the Department of Antioquia. Best up-to-date methods.
L. Avella-Nouvrac.
Agente representante de casas extranjeras. Representa: G. Gotts& Co., Manchester; J. Witkowski & Co., Ltd., Yokohama (Japon); Landau Fils, Bordeaux (Francia); New Castle Leather Co., New York.; etc., etc. Direccin telegrfica Nouvrac. Cdigos: A. B. C. y Lieber's. Medelln, Antioquia.
chalck
Representativo of foreign firms. At present, representative of G. Gottschalck & Co., Manchester; J. Witkowski & Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan; Landau Fils, Bordeaux, Franco; New Castle Leather Co., Codes,A.B.C. New York, etc., etc. Telegraph address: "Nouvrac. mid Lieber's. Medelln, Antioquia.
Daro Uribe A.
Ingeniero
Ingeniero de minas, graduado en la Escuela Nacional de Minas de telegrfica: Direccin Departamento de Antioquia. "Daeibe, Medelln."
Engineer
Mining engineer, graduated from the National School of Mines Telegraph address: Danof Medelbn, Department of Antioquia. &/' Medelln.
_
Medelln,
J.
M. Jaramillo Mtz.
Ingeniero Civil
Se dedica especialmente al ramo de ingeniera comercial. Antioquia.
Medelln,
Civil
Engineer
specialty of eommereial engineering.
Makes a
Medelln, Antioquia.
252
Len Snchez M.
Ingeniero Civil
Civil
Engineee
Medellin,
Antioquia, Colombia.
12
to 3.
General surgery.
Long
hospital praetice.
Medellin, Colombia.
Hernando Moreno M.
Abogado
Cobro judicial 7 estrajudicial de deudas de cualquier precio, juicios Oficriminales, comerciales, polticos y de minas y baldos. cia: Atrio de la Catedral, Banco de Sucre, segundo piso No. 18. Medellin, Colombia.
civiles,
Lawyek
Collection of bilis, handling of civil and criminal cases, and all matters relating to mines and public lands. Office: Terrace of the Cathedral, Banco de Sucre, second floor. No. 18, Medellin, Colombia.
Flix Meja A.
Ingeniero
Engineer
Taies cliarge of all matters relating to preliminary surveys, rural works, land surveys, roads, water supply, drainage, irrigation works, etc. Medellin, Colombia.
Se encarga de todo
lo
y construcciones
rurales, mensuras, caminos carreteros, abastecimiento de aguas, dreMedellin, Colombia. najes, caos de riego, etc.
Carlos
Gmez Martnez.
Ingeniero
Hizo sus estudios en la Escuela Nacional de Minas de Medellin; es profesor de matemticas en la Universidad de Antioquia; trabaja en el ramo administrativo, y ha hecho estudios especiales sobre caminos carreteros y de herradura.
Medellin, Colombia.
Engineer
Made his studies at the National School of Mines, Medellin. At present professor of mathematics at the University of Antioquia. Specialties: engiueering management, wagn and bridle roads. Medelln, Colombia.
Manuel
Ingeniero
Ex-profesor de la Universidad de Antioquia. Especialista en los Actualmente Ingeniero Municipal del DisMedellin, Antioquia, Colombia. trito de Medellin.
T. Yepes.
Engineer
Ex-professor of the University of Antioquia. SpeciaUst as organizer and manager. At present municipal engineer of the District of Medellin. Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.
ramos administrativos.
Manuel
Visite usted mi almacn y encontrar el ms barato y ms comEspecialidad en cintas, enplato surtido en el ramo de cacharrera. Introduccin directa. cajes, letines y mil artculos ms. Surtido renovado constantemente. Calle de Guayaquil, Medellin, Colombia.
J.
Montoya.
Visit my store, and yon will find the cheapest and most complete assortment of notions. Specialties: ribbons, lace, and many other Direct importation. articles. Stock constantly renewed. Calle de Guayaquil, Medellin, Colombia.
Isaas Cuartas C.
Ingeniero CivU de la Escuela Nacional
Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.
de Minas de Medellin.
Medellin,
Rafael Jaramillo
Joyero y
Joyas en oro de 18
k.
J.
Grabador Jeweler
and Engraver
Esmaltes en colores sobre oro. Emprstitos de dinero sobre joyas. Cuatro primeros premios, cuatro medallas de oro. Medellin, Colombia.
Lpidas en mrmol.
Eighteen-carat gold jewelry. Marble tombstones. Colored enameling on gold. Money loaned on jewels. Awarded four gold medals and four first prizes. Medellin, Colombia.
Dental Sdrgeon
delln,
Me-
253
Pianos.
Todo lo que se relaciona con estos instrumentos. Estudios hechos en las grandes fbricas de The Folian Company, de Nueva York.
folian Company of
New
$2.
Medelln, Colombia.
Catholic weekly founded by the Apostlate of Prayer in 1904. It has a wide cireulation and deservedly enjoys high reputation. Subscription, $2 a year.
^Lawyebs
A law office which is one of the best reputed in the country. Telegraph address: "Germanos." MedelUn, Antioquia, Colombia.
Su agencia judicial es una de las que gozan de mayor prestigio. Por telgrafo: "Germanos." Medelln, Antioquia, Colombia.
Civil
Engineee
work
re-
Con Diploma de la Escuela Nacional de Minas. Se hace cargo MedelUn, Antioquia, de todo asunto relacionado con su profesin. Colombia.
Gradate of the National School of Mines. Accepts all latiug to his profession. MedeUin, Antioquia, Colombia.
J.
V. Maldonado.
and Sukgeon,
Medelln, Colombia.
Mdico Cirujano
Physician
254
ATLNTICO
El Departamento del Atlntico fu creado por la Ley 17 de 1905 e inaugurado el 15 de junio del propio ao. GoSecrebernador el seor General Diego A. de Castro.
tario general, seor doctor Alberto R. Osorio. Ms tarde, la Ley 1 de 1908 cambi el nombre de Departamento del Atlntico, por el de Departamento de Barranquilla. La Ley 65 de 1909, que surti sus efectos
The Department of the Atlantic was ereated by Law 17 and inaugurated on June 15 of the same year, the governor and secretary being respectively General Diego A. de Castro and Dr. Alberto R. Osorio. Later, Law 1 of 1908 changed the ame to Department of Barranquilla.
of 1905,
Law 65 of 1909, which became eflEective on May 1, 1910, eliminated the Department of Barranquilla, and the Provinces of Barranquilla and Sabanalarga, which formed it, were incorporated in the Department of Bolvar. At that time Dr. Daniel Carbonell and Dr. Fernando A. Botet were governor and secretary general, respectively. Law 21 of 1910 reestablished the Department of the Atlantic, formed, as before, of the provinces of Barranquilla and Sabanalarga it was inaugurated on August 7th of the same year, its governor being Dr. Daniel Carbonell, and secretary general, Dr. Fernando A. Botet.
;
The present Department of the Atlantic consists of the following municipalities Barranquilla, Puerto Colombia, Tubar, Galapa, Soledad, Malambo, Sabanagrande, Santo Toms, and Palmar de Vrela, which form the province of Barranquilla; Sabanalarga, Baranoa, Polonuevo, Usiacur, Piojo, Juan de Acosta, Candelaria, Manat, Campo de la Cruz, Suan, and Repeln, which form the province of Sabanalarga.
:
to
desde el 1 de mayo de 1910, elimin el Departamento de Barranquilla; y las provincias de Barranquilla y de Sabanalarga, que lo integraban, pasaron al Departamento de Bolvar. Era en ese entonces gobernador el seor doctor Daniel Carbonell y secretario general, el seor doctor Fernando A. Botet. La Ley 21 de 1910, restableci el
There are in the department 61 primary schools, and 21 prvate schools attendance, about 7000 pupils. Offieial secondary and professional instruction is given at four institutions; attendance, about 800 pupils. Artistic and industrial education is given in prvate institutions attendance, about 350 pupils.
; ;
Departamento del Atlntico, compuesto como los anteriores, de las Provincias de Barranquilla y de Sabanalarga, y fu inaugTirado el 7 de agosto del mismo ao. Gobernador seor doctor Daniel Carbonell y secretario general, el seor doctor Fernando A. Botet. El actual Departamento del Atlntico lo componen los
municipios: Barranquilla, Puerto Colombia, Tubar, Galapa, Soledad, Malambo, Sabanagrande, Santo Toms y Palmar de Vrela, que forman la provincia de Barranquilla; Sabanalarga, Baranoa, Polonuevo, Usiacur, Piojo, Juan de Acosta, Candelaria, Manat, Campo de la Cruz, Sun y Repeln, que forman la de Sabanalarga. Las rentas presupuestas para la vigencia en curso, 1916 a 1917, ascienden a $271,614.80 oro legal. En el departamento hay 61 planteles oficiales de educacin primaria, y 21 planteles privados. Asistencia aproximada 7,000 alumnos. La instruccin secundaria oficial y la profesional est a cargo de cuatro planteles de educacin. Asistencia aproximada 800 alumnos. La instruccin artstica e industrial se da en establecimientos privados. Asistencia aproximada 350 alumnos. En Barranquilla, capital del departamento, y una de las ciudades ms importantes de la repblica, hay cuatro teatros, siete templos, siendo la iglesia de San Nicols de Tolentino la catedral, que se distingue por su hermosa fachada hay, adems, varios edificios, de lujosa y slida construccin, de propiedad particular. Tiene la poblacin cuatro lneas de tranva, un servicio prctico de autobuses y considerable nmero de automviles y de coches. El servicio de alumbrado es elctrico. Existen varias fbricas: de cerveza, harinas, calzado, vidrios, jabones, ladrillos, tejisiguientes
: ;
In Barranquilla, which is the capital of the department and one of the most important cities in the republic, there are four theatres, seven churehes, of which that of San Nicols de Tolentino, the cathedral, has a handsome faeade; and several prvate buildings of elegant and subThere are in the city four tramstantial construction. ways, a good autobs service, and a large number of automobiles and carriages. The city is lighted by electricity. There are in it breweries, and flour, shoe, glass, soap, brick,
.
match,
and other factories also four printeries, in which as many newspapers are printed. Barranquilla is the headquarters of the steamboat companies of the Magdalena river, and is connected with its seaport by a 21-kilometer railroad.
pastas alimenticias,
en la ciudad veinte imprentas y circula un nmero igual de peridicos. Es Barranquilla el asiento de las empresas de vapores que trafican el ro Magdalena, y est unida al puerto martimo por una lnea frrea de 21 kilmetros de extensin.
Hay
Puerto Colombia
255
BARRANQUILLA
Poco antes de lanzar al ocano el gran caudal de sus aguas, deja atrs el ro Magdalena una ciudad de extensin opulenta, recostada sobre la banda occidental del gran ro. Es la ciudad de Barranquilla, situada a 0 58' 54.7" de latitud norte y 0 40' 52.8" de longitud occidental del meridiano de Bogot. Queda a 73.8 pies sobre el muelle de Puerto Colombia. No dormita ella, en ese su sitio de exof the Magdalena, there on the western bank of that river. It is the city of Barranquilla, which lies iu latitude 0 58' 54.7" uorth, and longitude 0 40' 52.8" west of the Bogot meridian. It is 73.8 feet above the pier at Puerto Colombia. It is not a city that lives on ancient memories and traditions, but one that moves with the times, and is full of commercial and industrial activity. In the dusty archives of the city one looks in vain for a Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, a Rodrigo de Bastidas, or a Pedro de Heredia. In reality, it is not known who chose the Barrancas de San Nicols to found there a city with The origin of the city, however, is so promising a future. attributed to Don Francisco Macas Berdejo, who, it is The original settlemeut was said, founded it about 1729. called Sitio de Barranquilla up to April 7, 1813, when the presideiit-governor of the state of Cartagena de Indias, Dr. Manuel Rodrguez Torices, one of the sig-ners of the Act of Indepeudence of November 11, 1811, signed the decree rising to the rank of town {villa) what before that time had been called by the above ame.
is
mouth
and magnificent
city
At
tliat
its
.^-T!^^^^
Carrera del Mercado Market Aveiiue cepcional posicin topogrfica, al arrullo de glorias legendarias no vegeta en el recuerdo de uu aoso pasado. Vive la vida febricitante del comercio y de la industria. Palpita en siis entraas, con palpitar de sangre joven, el vigor de un organismo recio, templado de sol a sol en la fragua del
;
arms a sliield containiug a river on which several merchant vessels travel under the protection of a battery and carry the national Hag. Over the shield is writteu the inscription, "Premio del patriotismo" ("A Reward to Pacoat of
triotism").
polvosos de su
Barranquilla was raised to the rank of city in 1857, or half a century after having been made a villa. When the Department of the Atlantic was created in 1905, the city beeame its capital. Its preseut population is about 60,000 inhabitants, including many foreigners and persons from The foreigners, espeeially the other parts of Colombia.
Amei'icans, Italians, Englishmen, Frenchmen, Spaniards and Syrians, have formed more or less numerous colonies. On aecount of its progress, which increases day by day, of its advantageous location at the mouth of a river leading to the ocean, and of its active and flourishing commerce, Barranquilla has been called the New Orleans of Colombia. And really there is hardly any other ame that fits it so well, for that ame is assoeiated with a pre-eminently manufacturing and industrial city, constantly devoting all its energies to labor, and whose thousands of chimneys bespeak its feverish activity. Bai-ranquilla is the true entrance to the Republic of Colombia. It is at the same time a seaport and a river port, being the principal port in It is the seat of the national custom-house. Colombia. Its average temperatui'e is 28 C. The city contains a good aqueduct a telegraph office, which is the second in importance in the republic; telephone service, both local and extending to the districts of Baranoa, Galapa, siacur,
;
nombre de un Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, ni el de un Rodrigo de Bastidas, ni el de un Pedro de Heredia. A punto fijo no se sabe quin escogi las Barrancas de San Nicols para fundar all una ciudad de tanto porvenir. A don Francisco Macas Berdejo atribuyese este hecho, que se
archivo
el
dice ocurrido all por el ao de 1729. El casero se llam Sitio de Barranquilla hasta el 7 de abril de 1813, en que el presideute-gobernador del Estado de Cartagena de Indias, doctor Manuel Rodrgiiez Torices, uno de los signatarios del Acta de Independencia del 11 de noviembre de 1811, firm
el decreto por el cual se erigi en villa lo que antes de aquella poca se haba llamado Sitio de Barranquilla. Desde aquella fecha se concedi a Barranquilla el derecho de usar como arma y emblema de su luieva dignidad, un
estHido en el cual figura un ro donde navegan buques de trfico inferior, bajo la proteccin de una batera, con el pabelln nacional euarbolado y en la parte alta el escudo
con este mote: "Premio del Patriotismo." Barranquilla fu exaltada a la categora de ciudad en el ao de 1857 o sea casi medio siglo despus de haber sido Creado el Departamento del Atlntico ei'igida en villa. en 1905, la ciudad es desde entonces capital departamental. Hoy tiene una poblacin de cerca de 60,000 almas. Entre esos millares de habitantes se cuentan muchos elementos de Estos ltimos, fuera, as del interior como extranjeros. particularmente los americanos, los italianos, los ingleses, los franceses, los espaoles y los sirios, tienen formadas colonias mas o menos numerosas. Por su desarrollo, cada da ms creciente, por su ventajosa colocacin, en la desembocadura de un ro que va a morir en el ocano, y por su comercio activo y floreciente, se ha apellidado a Barranquilla la Nueva Orleans de ColomY ningn otro nombre que en verdad le cuadre tan bia. bien como este, que por s solo evoca el espectculo de una ciudad eminentemente fabril e industrial, entregada al laboreo incesante y vomitando por millares de chimeneas el humo del carbn de piedra. Barranquilla es la verdadera puerta de entrada de la
gl._Lil
i^pi^
Paseo do Coln
Coln Promenade
256
hospitals,
promenades,
villas,
mov-
ing picture theatres, public carriage, automobile and wagn service, and an excellent sanitarium; good lawyers, physieians, engineers, builders, blacksmiths, carpenters, etc. scientiflc and literary societies, religious and charity organizations, sueh as those of the Catholic Mothers and the assoeiation of San Vicente de Pal; printeries and book earstores; machine shops, dressmaking establishments pentry shops dental and other laboratories electric power
;
;
y laboratorios; energa elctrica para el alumbrado pblico y a domicilio y para fuerza motriz de fbricas y para todos los usos industriales y domsticos sederas y establecimientos de recreo dos clubs, en casas centrales, con jardines y
;
;
empresas de aseo pblico boticas, lavanderas, terrazas cuerpo de bomberos, etc. La mortalidad anual, en pocas normales es inferior al 25 por mil de los habitantes. En Barranquilla hay un instituto costeado por el departamento, el Colegio de Barranquilla, con facultad de filosofa y letras para el bachillerato clsico y el moderno, y expide tambin diplomas de instruccin comercial. La nacin y el departamento sostienen una escuela normal de En la institutores y una escuela normal de institutoras. misma ciudad funciona la Academia de Msica del Atlntico, subvencionada por el departamento y el distrito, pero de fundacin particular. j El movimiento en favor de la instruccin pblica principi en el ao de 3876, con la fundacin del Colegio Pestalozziano, llevada a cabo por don Juan C. Gayn, natural de Santa Marta. A este centro de enseanza siguieron los que a continuacin se enumeran los cuales existen an en su mayor parte el Colegio de Caldas, el Colegio de Ribn, la Escuela de Comercio, fundada por el doctor Manuel Dvila Plrez en el ao de 1883 el Colegio Acadmico de Barranquilla; el Instituto de Bolvar; el Colegio de Barranquilla, fundado en junio de 1892 por el doctor Federico Castro Rodrguez y su hermano don Julio, ya fallecido el Colegio Americano para Varones el Colegio de Salazar el Colegio de Len XIII la Escuela de Comercio, fundada por el profesor uruguayo don Salvador Entregas; el Colegio de Nez, dirigido en 1906 por el doctor Guillermo Donado y el Colegio Biffi, de los Hermanos Cristianos, que funciona en edificio quinta propio, construido sobre planos
;
and prvate lighting and f or the operation of factory machinery, as well as other industrial and domestic uses soda-water f ountains, recreation establishments two clubs, both centrally located, with gardens and lawns a department of public cleanliness; drug stores, laundries,
;
fire
department,
etc.
in
normal times
is
less
than 25 per
The College of Barranquilla, supported by the department, has chairs of philosophy and literature, and teaches also commerce. The nation and the department support a normal school for male teachers and one for female teachThere is also in the city the Academy of Music of the Atlantic, which, although a prvate institution, is subsidized by the department and the district.
ers.
cientficos.
Hay en Barranquilla tres colegios para nias, servidos por las Hermanas de la Caridad, que son el de la Presenta:
The movement to promote public instruetion began in 1876 with the foundation of the Colegio Pestalozziano by Don Juan C. Gayn, a native of Santa Marta. After this institution carne the following colleges, nearly all of which are still in existence: the Colegio de Caldas; the Colegio de Ribn the Escuela de Comercio, founded by Dr. Manuel Dvila Frez in 1883 the Colegio Acadmico de Barranquilla; the Instituto de Bolvar; the Colegio de Barranquilla, founded in June, 1892, by Dr. Federico Castro Rodrguez and his brother Don Julio, now dead; the Colegio Americano para Varones the Colegio de Salazar the Escuela de Comercio, the Colegio de Len XIII founded by the Urugua.yan professor Don Salvador Entregas the Colegio de Nez, direeted in 1906 by Dr. Guillermo Donado and the Colegio Biffi, of the Ghristian Brothers, which occupies a villa of its own, built aecording to
; ; ; ;
; ;
scientifie designs.
There are in Barranquilla three colleges for young by the Sisters of Charity the Presentacin. the San Miguel del Rosario, and the Concepcin, all of which have their own buildings, constructed with all modern convenienees. To these must be added the Instituto Ariano, and the Colegio Americano para Nias. Besides all these prvate institutions of primary and secondary inBarranquilla has fourteen primary public struetion, schools, supported by the municipality.
ladies, direeted
:
The
journalistic
movement began
in 1870,
when Dr.
Prom
more or
less irregular.
At
pres-
organs.
Amoug
the buildings
many modern
constructions that
The quality of the water furnished by the aqueduct enmuch to be desired, on account of the fact
it
that
filters
that- for a
pany intends
filters, if
New York
dollars.
great
many
amounted
to 46,770,027 kilos,
valued at 10,738,106
dollars,
dollars.
The exports
in the
DOCTOR ISMAEL
Natural de Barranquilla, naci
el
J.
INSIGNARES
Boru
in Barranquilla,
20 de marzo de 1886.
del
March
20,
Curs estudios en
el
Colegio
Rosario y en la Escuela Nacional de Derecho. Al estallar la guerra de 1899 regres a la costa, Barranquilla.
Law.
When
the
out,
he returned
to
Ba-
Cas en
esta
el
Elisa
Cepeda;
rranquilla.
Durante
Bogot
to finish his
law studies.
office
guerra desempe la jefatura civil y multar de la Provincia de Sabanalarga, siendo gobernador del departament el seor doctor Joaqun Vlez. Ha desempeado tambin los cargos de secretario privado, primero, y luego jefe de la seccin de gobierno, y ms tarde secretario general de la gobernacin y secretario del Tribunal Superior
del Distrito Judicial del
del Atlntico en el
the
of civil and of
of the Province
^
Sabanalarga,
Dr.
He was
still
also
prvate
^
\
**"
and
Departamento
representativo.
ramo
He
member
of
Ha
la
de Barranquilla, dos veces diputado a Asamblea, y representante al Congreso una vez en el perodo de 1915 a
1916.
Ha
sido
director
del
peridico
La
of
He
quilla
de muchos
otros.
many
258
Distinguido
ciudadano,
quien,
como
salido
jefe
del
Department
sobretole-
por su ecuanimidad y
re-
y su abso-
luta probidad en el
caudales pblicos,
He
manera
efec-
instruction.
DOCTOR ARTURO
F.
MANOTAS
Having
nado su carrera
brillante-
tinction his
studies
in the
profession as a physician in
the
city
en
la
ciudad de Ba-
of
Barranquilla,
hiin-
puesto
prominente por su
doubted
skill.
259
ERNESTO CORTiSSOZ
Conocido banquero de la ciudad de Barranquilla, por su honorabilidad y alta posicin social y comercial. El seor Cortssoz es el actual gerente del Crdito Mercantil y el director delegado de la Cervecera de Barranquilla; al mismo tiempo desempea las gerencias de la fbrica de fsforos marca El Cndor, de la empresa del tranva urbano y del acueducto pblico de la citada ciudad. Hijo de don Jacob Cortssoz y doa Julia Correa de C, el seor Cortssoz fu educado en Alemania, Suiza e Inglaterra, (Londres) y recibi en Bremen el diploma Realschule, despus de haber presentado con lucimiento su tesis sobre Comercio. Adems del idioma espaol, el seor Cortssoz habla el alemn, el ingls y el francs. De modo pues, que el seor Cortssoz, de noble cuna, de cultura refinada e instruccin poco comn, puede vivir enorg-ullecido de su esfuerzo, representado hoj' por su posicin pecuniaria y social, que culmina en la importante ciudad de Barranquilla entre las de primera magnitud.
' '
'
city of Barranquilla,
dis-
and high
social
aud com-
mercial standing.
Mr. Cortssoz is at present manager of the Crdito Merand delegated director of the Barranquilla Brewery. He is also manager of the El Cndor match factory, the city tramway, and the water supply of the same city.
cantil
He is a son of Don Jacob Cortssoz and Doa Julia Correa de C. He was educated in Germany, Svtzerland and Engiand (London), and received in Bremen the diploma of the Realschule, after having presented with distinetion his thesis on "Commerce.
Besides Spauish, Mr. Cortssoz speaks Germn, English,
and French.
So then, Mv. Cortssoz, being of noble birth, refined, eultured and of rare education, may well be proud of his efforts and suceess. He is today one of the most prominent personalities in the city of Barranquilla.
260
JOS VCTOR
Naci en Riohacha, Departamento del Magdalena, en el ao de 1882. Son sus padres don Vctor Dugand, ciudadano francs, establecido por aquel entonces en Riohacha, y cnsul de Francia en aquella ciudad, y doa Reyes Gnecco Coronado, dama distinguida de la principal familia de aquella poblacin. El seor Jos Vctor Dugand hizo sus estudios universitarios en la isla de Curazao, as como los preliminai-es de la carrera comercial; estudios que ms tarde perfeccion con la propia inteligencia y observacin en sus viajes a Europa y Estados Unidos. Llegado a Barranquilla en el ao de 1!)05, estableci, en compaa de su padre, la actual firma de V. Dugand e Hijo. Dos aos despus, sus padres establecieron su residencia en Pars, y fu entonces cuando el joven Dugand dio una nueva organizacin a los negocios de su casa, cuyo predominio se hace sentir hoy en el comercio de Colombia. Nombrado por entonces agente consular de Francia, y cnsul de Blgica, sus servicios al gobierno francs lo hicieron acreedor al ttulo de Oficial de Academia, con el cual lo condecor la Repblica Francesa. En los doce aos transcurridos entre la fundacin de la casa de V. Dugand e Hijo y la aparicin de este libro, la actuacin de esta firma en el movimiento comercial del pas ha sido de un movimiento ascendente y cada da de mayor consideracin. Sin pecar de exagerados puede decirse que fu la casa Dugand, como popularmente se In llama, quien implant desde su principio en Barranquilla la tcnica moderna de los negocios en el ramo bancario, pues a poco de establecida, facilidad de sus conexiones la la pona en capacidad de extender sus
f
DUGAND
Born at Riohacha, Department of Magdalena, in 1882. His father was Don Vctor Dugand, a French citizen, theu living at Riohacha as French cnsul. His mother was Doa Reyes Gnecco Coronado, a distinguished lady belonging to tlie best families of the same town.
Mr. Jos Vctor Dugand made his university studies in made his preliminary commercial studies. He later improved his knowledge of commereial matters by intelligent observation during his travels in Europe and the United States.
the Island of Curacoa, where he also
his parents
Dugand & Son. Two years moved to Paris, and then j'oung Mr. Dugand reorganized the firm, which
most influential Appointed about that time French consular agent and Belis
in Colombia.
gian
cnsul,
his
services
in
the
former eapacity
Oificer
won
for
him from
title
of
to
him
j-ears
elapsed
between the foundation of the house of V. Dugand & Son and the preparation of this book, the influence of the firm
in
the
commercial moveIt
ment
stantlj'
on the increase.
may
be
it
was the "Casa Dugand," a-s it is popularly known, that introduced modern baukiug methods in Colombia
;
for,
its
its
founda-
tion,
it
bancarios sobre todas las giros plazas comerciales del mundo. Con una ilustracin vastsima, rara, por lo variada, en un hombre de negocios de su edad, con una laboriosidad que encomia hasta lo indecible quien llega a conocerle ntimamente, con un fino espritu de obseiTacin que se descubre por los
hechos, el seor Vctor Dugand, que no descansa en la orientacin moderna de sus negocios, ha implantado en los distintos departamentos de su casa comercial una organi-
in a position to
all
send
its
notes and
drafts to
of the world.
With a vast erudition, rare in a business man of his age with au energy that is most highly praised by all who know him; and with a keen sense of observation, Mr.
Vctor Dugand,
business,
who
is
zacin eficiente, prctica, al minuto si as puede decirse, que la han llevado a ser hoy, atendiendo a las distintas fases de su actividad, a la primera lnea de las firmas
has introduced in its different departments an efficient and practical organization which has given to it a high rank among the best commercial euterprises of the
republic.
comerciales de Colombia. Hoy da la casa de V. Dugand e Hijo tiene en sus manos dos lneas de vapores trasatlnticos su departamento de arriendos maneja gran nmero de las fincas urbanas de El departamento de comisiones recibe y Barranjuilla. despacha la carga de exportacin e importacin de crecido nmero de comerciantes del pas que le tienen encomendados sus negocios a esta casa su departamento de seguros ha ensanchado grandemente en la seccin de su cargo los intereses de la importante Compaa Colombiana de Seguros establecida en Bogot y la seccin bancaria, el ramo principal de la casa, a la vez que guarda fuertes depsitos de todo el comercio del pas, presta todas las facilidades que pueden facilitar los modernos y ms eficaces mtodos.
;
; ;
At present
the firm of V.
disposes of two
department
handles a great deal of city property in Barranquilla. The department of eommissions receives and ships export and
import goods belonging to a great many merchants in the Its insurance department has considerably exrepublic. tended the business of the important Colombian Insurance Company (Compaa Colombiana de Seguros) of Bogot.
banking department, which is the most important, holds large deposits from all commercial concerns in the
Tlie
all
modern
and
261
efficient
methods.
EMPRESA DE VAPORES
" F.
PREZ ROSA"
Fu fundada en
el
ao de 1887 por
el
seor
Founded
whose
nanda.
' '
in 1887 by
Don
its
first
Today, after
owns
"F. Prez Rosa" y "BucARAMANGA," del mismo tipo, y el "Amrinizacin, con los vapores
ca."
They are
all
que estn dotados y con comodidades excepcionales para pasajeros por el confort que se
encuentra en
ellos.
The
first
two have
electric
saloons, as
alumbrado y ventiladores elctricos en los salones y camarotes, as como tambin planta de hielo para el uso a bordo.
well as a plant to
make
ice for
use on board.
manga"
manga"
ca,
' '
el trfico
en
el
Lower Magdalena up
navigation of the
La Dorada.
The
La Dorada, y
el
"Amri-
all
the
Barranquilla, Colombia
Barranquilla, Colombia
262
3
O"
ai
03 -*J
CU
C5
T3
(^
-,
a o
O
c
c3
o^ N S "9 o ^A
*3 ya
.263
MOLINOS
DIEGO
de
A. DE
"EL CARIBE"
FLOUR MILLS
CASTRO &
ClA.
"EL CARIBE"
La mejor
The
milis,
by these
of
which
is
the enormous
consumption of
los
departamentos de Colombia.
ments
of
Colombia.
Barranqula
264
Stock
company
established
at
Barranquilla.
Paid-in
StockJwlders : Dr. Alberto R. Osorio; Mrs. Delia Osorio, of Ricardo A. Correa Mr. Jacob Cortssoz Lascano & Company Francisco Robles Samper Cortssoz & Company; Rodolfo Cortssoz; Mrs. B. Cortssoz de Snior. Board of Directors: president, Dr. Alberto R. Osorio; delegated directors, Mr. Ernesto Cortssoz; deliberating member, Mr. Jos Lascano secretary, manager and general attorney, Diofante de la Pea, Jr.
widow
The present capacity of the brewery is 6,000 liters per day. This capacity
be doubled if desired, the machinery and buildings are designed aecordiugiy. The capacity
as
may
is
20,000
20,000 libras diarias. El primer cervecero director tcnico de la empresa el ciudadano es americano seor norte
"Gallo
lager).
Giro"
(light
de
cerveza
(Lager
"Escudo"
style).
(Plisen
"San Nicols"
"guila" (Plisen style). Munich style). These varieties were put on the market on November 11, 1915. Ever since, consumers have considered them the
beer,
easily compete with the This is evideuced by the fact that, notwithstanding our imperfect means of trausportation, our beers are very much used in the remotest parts of Colombia, such as the towns of the Departments of Cauca
gran consumo en los ms remotos mercados del pas, como son los pueblos del departamento del Cauca y del Valle.
and El Valle.
P. O. address:
Apartado 153
Telgrafo: Gervedilla
Apartado 153
Telegraph: Gervedilla
BabbanquHLA, Colombia
Barranquilla, Colombia
r
,
, /,p^
f t
265
CRDITO MERCANTIL
CoETssoz, Correa
&
Ca.
Commercial
ship.
partner2,
Sociedad colectiva.
Es-
tablecida el 2 de enero de
1914.
sables.
1914.
responsible
Son
socios responCortssoz,
Jacob
Heilbron,
Enrique A. Correa,
Ernesto
C.
Cortssoz,
Ester
de
and
J.
Rodolfo Cortssoz.
Gerente,
E.
Cor-
of
the
La
responsabilidad
es
de la firma
oro.
de $1,200,000
Negocios
general,
bancarios
en
las
Banking
follows:
operations
as
at
divididos
:
en
siguientes secciones
a inters
tes
;
;
money loaned
and
sale
;
dinei'o
cuentas corrien-
giros,
compra y venta
de sales;
purchase
drafts
;
of
salt
cobros;
negocio
collections
;
embarques.
business
shipments.
Fu fundada esta fbrica en 1910 por la extinguida firma Evaristo Obregn y Ca. En 1914 se constituy en compaa annima con un capital de setecientos mil pesos oro americano $700,000, de los cuales hay suscritos y pagados en su totalidad $500,000 dlares, o sean 5,000 acciones de $100 oro americano cada una. El personal de operarios con que cuenta la fbrica alcanza a unas 600 personas entre hombres y mujeres. Tiene actualmente trabajando la fbrica unos 312 telares. En la actualidad se est ocupando la empresa en el montaje de hilandera y tintorera, en la cual ocupar algodn cultivado en el pas. El personal administrativo de la fbrica es el siguiente: administradores seores: Gregorio Obregn, Rafael Obregn, y Mauricio Obregn. Apoderados seores Pedro M. Obregn, Aurelio Consuegra A. y Jos Mara Goenaga C. Apartado N. 176. BarranqiUUa, Colombia. Direccin telegrfica Telares.
: :
& Company.
by the late firm of Evaristo Obregn In 1914 it became a stock company with a capital of 700,000 dollars, of which 500,000 dollars has This represents 500,000 been subscribed and paid in. shares at 100 dollars eaeh.
Founded
in 1910
The works has a forc of 600 employees, men and women. At present there are about 312 looms in operation. The firm is now planning the installation of spinning and
dyeing works, using home-grown cotton.
The Board of Directors of the works is at present made up as follows: managers, Gregorio Obregn, Rafael Obregn, and Mauricio Obregn; attomeys, Pedro IM. Obregn, Aurelio Consuegra A., and Jos Mara Goenaga.
P. O. address:
266
S.
Uno de
One of the Colombians that best deserve the title of statesman is Dr. Jos Francisco Insignares S. From his early youth he showed his taste and ability for all things relating to the organization and management of public affairs, and in the study of law he found a wide field for After having made with the activity of his intellect. great application and success all the necessary studies, he was graduated as a doctor of law and political science from the College of San Bartolom in Bogot. Without ever neglecting his professional work, Dr. Insignares S. has spent a
great part of his life, his energy and considerable funds of his own in an en-
deavor to establish in his country the rule of the political principies that he advocates with great sincerity and profound conviction. In connection with this work he has filled
public oBces of great importance, having been minister of the Treasury, in which position he ceded his salary to the Society of St. Vineent de Paul;
convicideas que predominen en su patria tanto en lo particular como en lo oficial y en su labor ha ocupado cargos pblicos de gran importancia, tales como ministro del
cera
y profunda
sean
las
ilT
rtr
cin,
governor
;
of
the
Depart-
renunciando al sueldo en favor de la Sociedad de San Vicente de Pal, gobernador de los Departamentos de Bolvar
tesoro,
ments of Bolvar and the Atlantic eongressman deputy to several Assemblies, etc.
Doctor Insignares
also
S.
has
shown
he
filled
from 1887
to
1890
En
el
campo de
la diplo-
period
As Minister of the Treasury, a position which he filled with absolute honesty during the stormy times of the last civil war, he firmly established his reputation as a zealous guardin of the public funds.
While governor of the Department of the Atlantic, and notwithstanding the sternness of General Rafael Rej'es' rgime, he allowed the press as miich liberty as it was within his power to grant organized and purged the administration of justice and, above all, he promoted public instmction by special measures, such as the foundation of the Colegio de Barranquilla, an institution which ever since has rendered great service as an educational
:
;
Como gobernador
del
pesar de la rigidez implantada por el General Rafael Reyes, presidente entonces, dio a la prensa la libertad que estaba en su mano; organiz y moraliz la administracin de justicia, y, sobre todo, impuls la instruccin pblica con obras como la fundacin del Colegio de Barranquilla, plantel que desde entonces ha venido prestando inmensos servicios a la instruccin de la juventud. Consta que durante su gobierno en Bolvar, cedi sus sueldos de gobernador al Seminario de Cartagena para su
reconstruccin. La carrera pblica del doctor Jos Francisco Insignares S. no ha terminado. pesar de su larga lucha, conserva todas sus energas, intacto su entusiasmo y pronta su voluntad para continuar en la brega. Por eso su nombre, desde hace algvin tiempo suena en los crculos polticos cmo uno de los llamados a ocupar la primera magistratura.
eenter.
During his administration in Bolvar, he donated his salary for the reconstruction of the Seminai-y of Cartagena.
Doctor Jos Francisco Insignares S. 's public career is not ended by any means. Notwithstanding his strenuous life, he still possesses all his energy and enthusiasm, and For some time past, is ever prone to continu the struggle. he has been mentioned in political circles as a possible future president.
267
MENTOLATINA
Pi'oducein
eioual.
na
A
uct.
Empez
sil
fabricarse el ao de
1916.
Very
exten-
1916:
e s
consumo
extraordinario,
Colombia
and
other countries.
A
tina
jar of Mentolais
Un
veces
pote de
Menlas
equivalent to
f a
TOLATiNA
de
qun.
hace
a medicine chest.
Never
ralgia,
1 s
to
un Boti-
iuflammation,
raslies.
and
under
Diario
Registered
duras,
insectos,
picadas
de
No.
1137,
15,698,
inflama-
.^
1,137.
oficial,
Janu-
ciones y erupciones.
Diario
blecimiento.
gocio,
oficial,
Este producto se vende en boticas y en cualquier estaPersonas que quieran ocuparse de este ne-
is sold by all drug stores and other esThose interested may write for samples and which will be gladly sent.
gusto,
de precios.
Alpeed Steffens,
Barranquilla, Department of thc Atlantic, Colmnbia.
FARMACIA Y DROGUERA DE
L. Insignares V.
L.
INSIGNARES
V.
& ClA.
Este establecimiento tiene un cuerpo de empleados muy competente para el despacho de las frmulas, y cuenta siempre con un surtido renovado de toda clase de medicinas. La rapidez y el esmero con que atiende a su clientela, han hecho que ella crezca da por da y que haya llegado a conquistar fama entre los establecimientos de su clase. Sus precios son mdicos y sus drogas son de primera calidad. Cuenta con todos los elementos modernos para la preparacin de frmulas y especficos.
Barranquilla, Colombia.
Barranquilla, Colomlia.
Farmacia Y Drogueraa
Insignares V. Y
Compaa
268
nombre por
los
doctores
Calvo, facilita en la ciudad, a su poblacin cosmopolita, recursos mdicos y quirrgicos, para los cuales cuenta con laboratorio y sala moderna de ciruga. Sus propietarios
P.ounded in tlie city of Barranquilla by Doctors Dorance Otlvaro and Jorge E. Calvo. It has a laboratory, a modern operating room, and all other facilities to render medithe city.
proponen trasladarlo al barrio de las Quintas, en donde a la pureza y frescura de un ambiente sano, se aade una construccin moderna adecuada.
se
and surgical serviees to the cosmopolitan population of Its owners intend to move it to tlie Quintas quarter, wbere the freshness and purity of the air will combine with the advantages of an adequate modern buildcal
ing.
Se practican en
de
los
rganos de
The
y ciruga general.
BANCO DUGAND
Barranquilla,
Colombia
Fu fundado en el ao de 1916 como sucesor de la antigua casa comercial V. Dugand e hijo. Su gerente
principal es el seor Jos Vctor Dugand.
Pounded
firm V.
Dugand &
Son.
Its principal
manager
is
Mr. Jos
Vctor
gand.
Du-
El Banco ocupa en
sobre
rior,
el
se
The
sells
bank
foreign
s,
la
venta de giros
exte-
r a f t
dis-
counts obligations,
c
descuento
o
e
de
tos
obligacrdi-
u rr
pens n t actakes
ciones,
counts,
en cuentas coiTentes, a trmino fijo, depsitos, cambio de moneda y en general en toda clase de operaciones
bancarias.
in general de-
periods,
c
h a n g e s money, a n d
a
1
conducts
other
Tiene
adesec-
banking operations. In
addition,
a
it
ms una
cin
has
de-
especial
se
special
que
partment
eitj'
for
the renting of
and rural
real estte.
269
"LA CUBANA":
Barranquilla, Colombia
P. O. address:
Apwrtado
28.
Telegraph: Arjona.
La
del
se
fbrica
ms antigua
productos
The
have
pas,
cu.yos
eountry.
a
products
venden
con
great
demand
en
el exterior.
ruy^^z/z/y-f
abroad.
En-
el
ramo de jabones
se elaboran
para lavar
de
Washing soaps
kinds.
of
all
Jabn "AiMONA."
Diptccion TelgMllto
"ARJONA"
En
mera
el
el
ramo de perfuelaboran polvos para la cara, jabones finos para el cabello, cremas, etc., etc.
are manufactured
face
se
oils,
ereams,
etc.
Los productos de esta fbrica han sido premiados con diplomas y medallas en las siguientes exposiciones: Universal, Pars, 1900 Nacional, Bogot, 1905 Nacional, Medelln, 1910 y ban sido declarados "Fuera de Concurso" en la Exposicin Nacional de Cartagena, 1916.
;
;
tificates
The products of this factory have received prizes, cerand medals at the following expositions: Paris
National, '1905;
1910.
Na-
tional Exposition of
LAS CANO
&
CO
Barranquilla, Colombia
Propietarios de la mejor
fbrica de curtidos a va-
re-
por de la repblica.
Vendemos
mente,
permanentevaquetas
"We permanently
leather,
sell sola
suelas,
large
and
sheets,
small
bed
leather
and
kangaroo
haruess
and
chamois
In our
que
se
En
que
el
department
satisfy
we
best
mos un
satisface
gi-an surtido
plenamente
the
mejor
clase;
gusto.
Compra y
buy and sell all kinds of cattle, and own donkeys of Spanish breeds,
for the raising of mules.
We
de la cra de burros de
legtima
ra5;a
espaola,
propios
para la cra
de mulos.
lienzo de
Important Notice.
sheets for cot
Nota Importante. Si necesita usted un buen cuero blanco y sin olor, ocurra donde Lascano t
you need olean white leather making, go to Lascano and Company, where
If
Co.
you
270
Establecido en 1891
Apartado N. 139.
Telfono 72.
ms grande y
lujosa de la ciudad
somest house in
tlie city,
and
puedan
may
Cuartos grandes y
Ex-
Excelentes baos.
La droguera y farmacia de
putacin nacional.
Drogas,
ciruga
re-
Pharmaey
of national reputation.
medicinas
de
patente,
surgieal
Instruments,
eandies,
peretc.,
y odontologa, perfumera,
apositos
fumery,
etc.
stationery,
papelera,
quirrgicos.
Dulces,
etc., etc.
Todo trabajo de
:
and
its
serviee
is
Apartado de correos: N.
Employs
soaps,
first-class materials and produces excellent whieh are extensively used throughout the republic.
L.
R.
FUENMAYOR
& CO.
Agents and attorneys for G. Amsinek
pany,
&
Co.,
de
& Com-
Nueva York.
New
York.
Representantes
comisionistas.
Se
hacen
General agents and commission merehants.
como toda
WiH
Claves A. B. C.
Telegraph: Fuenco.
Lieber's Standard.
Codes: A. B. C, and
Lieber's Standard.
271
TilBRO AZTIT.
'LA
DOMINICANA": FABRICA
FflNDADA
Ki
l)
DIO
MAYO
DI';
1905.
1!)05
Barranguilla., Colombia
Produccin
iiimisiiI
de
la fbrica:
2000
cuajas;
Se emplean
se
el
per year.
Uses
tlie
best matcu'ials
and malees
consume en
surtido completo
mai'cas
\'
(b
droj'as
liit;-iicst
(piality
and
best
known
calidades conocidas.
liidli'ijiicns
I
Sueros
juniom.i';,
humanos
vcterinai'ios.
(d'
i'ni'
nicn
and aninalsj
ail
Uinds
AmpoMclas de loda
clase.
vials.
CaS'I'II.LANO V ('A.
.[Hirliilo
til'
CaSTEIIANO
& CoMI'ANY
Ciim'u
.'>!).
Cable: Uokaniz.
CRUZ
]hirnni<iiiill(i.
B.
DI'.
RODRC^.UI'.Z
"Chic Parisin"
Ctiloiiihin.
(UiUr. del
Comercio N 21
for de luxe
Especiali-
Grand shop
and fancy
ai'ticles.
Specialtics:
dath's en arlicnhis para seoras, ])ara usos domsticos, cristalera, rancho, objetos
de arte para
la
reijalos, etc.
l<]s
el
ficnle
de
fi'usto
y por los
all
It is the
shop pi'cferred by
all
viajeros.
Todas
;
moda
se
marcan
by travellers.
l'ashion.
The
con
todo
la
el
da
el
Iranscnntc
momento
el
y en junto
Thei'c
Iransients
scrvice
witliout
deiay everythinji'
ol'
lo (|iic
compradoi', como
tbey ueed.
notlnn"- to
The
[latrons leave
presenlacit'in
de
las
be desircd.
Lawyor.
Harraiiqiiilla,
(\)loniliia.
Ollcc:
San Nicols
Sipiare.
Specialize.s in legal
272
liIBBO
bolvar
Bolvar toma su nombre del Libertador, y es uno de los departamentos de Colombia mejor situado por su posicin geogrttca: est baado en toda su extensin por los ros Magdalena, Cauca, San Jorge y otros. Posee varios puertos fluviales y martimos de los cuales el principal es el de Cartagena, cuya baha es de las mejores de Colombia por su amplitud y seguridad.
superflciaria es de 66,365 kilmetros cuadrados de los cuales 27,000 son de terreno baldo. Tiene
one of the best loeated in Colombia. It is traversed by thc Magdalena, Cauca, San Jorge and other rivers. It has
several seaports, the principal of which is Cartagena, whose harbor, ovving to its extent and safety, is one of the best
in Colombia.
Su extensin
450,000
Fosee ingentes habitantes aproximadamente. naturales que ofrecen vasto campo al capital: maderas de todas clases, resinas, dividivi, raicilla, taguas, caucho, algodn, cocos, cacao, pajas para sombreros, aceites y blsamos medicinales y toda clase de productos propios de la zona tropical; minas de oro, asfalto, carbn, cobre, pei'iquezas
The arca of the department is 66,865 .square kilometers, 27,000 being ublic lands. The approximate population is 450,000 iidiabitants. It possesses lax-ge natural resources tiat ott'er a large tcid for the investment of capital; all kinds of wod, resins, dividivi, ipecacuanha, ivory nuts, rubber, cotton, cocoanuts, cacao, hat-straws, medicinal oils
and balsams, and
kinds of tropical products; gold, oil formations, the latter being of considerable extent; salt deposits, etc., etc. It exports tobceo, fruits of all kinds, lumber, etc., in considerable
all
and
(luantities.
is cattle raising, and it is estimated present there are in the department 1 ,200,000 head of cattle. There are also large numbers of horses aiul hogs. The department supplies with cattle several departments in Colond)ia, and besides exports some to Cuba and Panam. It has vast lands suitable for the cultivation of tropical iroducts, especially bananas, cocoanuts, sugar cae and artificial grasses for cattle. its faciiities oft'er bright prospects for the establishment of a packing hous!, in which at present much national and foreign capital is intercsted. There are two distillerics, of vvhlch that of Sincern produces high-grade alcohol, hoth for domcstic consumption and for export. Thc other one, situated at Sucre, produces only for domcstic consumption.
The
niain industry
tliat at
The animal and vegetable kijigdoms are among the rictliAlong the coast there is a grcat abundancc and divei'sity of exiuisitc tislics and moihisks. The climate is healthful and varied on the coast, thc reest of thc tropical zone.
;
fi'cshiug breeze
Tlie
mortality
is
iow.
trleo, stas
ltimas on cantidad considei-able, salinas, etc. Sostiene valioso comercio de exportacin de tabaco, frutos de todas clases, maderas, etc. La principal industria es la ganadera y se calcula la existencia actual de cabeza.s de ganado vacuno en un
The revenue and expense l)udget of tli(> department amounts to 657,452 dollars, distributed among tlie departments of government, the treasury, insti'uction, rewards and benefactions, public works, and justice. Public insti'uction has niade great progress, and follows Tiun-e ar'c pi'itlic latest methods of modern pedagogy. mary, high and professional public schools attended by
about 21,000 pupils. They will Sevei'al wagn roads have, bcen projected. considerably enhance the agricultural activity, which even today is very great. There are in the department several factorics of dift'erent kinds, whose products are of very good quality. The capital and principal city is Cartagena, situated on the Caribbean sea. It is eelebrated in history on account of her heroic deeds during the periods of the conquest, thc It was founded by Don colony and the independencc. dominated by excellent 1533. It is in lleredia Pedro de natural defenses, which the Spaniards improve<l by the construction of several forts, and is surroundcd by heavy It walls and castles, defending the entrance to the bay. services account of its honor on titles of several reeeived has to the Spanish crown and to the independence cause. Bolvar called it "The Heroic City." Cartagena possesses
magnificent
tlu
cantidad ganado caballar, Surte a varios departamentos del pas del ganado (|nc consumen y exporta tambin para Cuba y Tiene inmensos territoi'ios apropiados para los i'anam. cultivos del tr])ico y especialmente para bananos, cocos, caa de azcar, y pastos artiliciales; esto ltimo promete hoy admirable porvenir al establecimiento de una packingliouse, que despierta actualmente gran inters tanto para
1,200,000.
y de cerda.
capital nacional como para el extranjero. Existen dos ingenios do los cuales el de Sincern produce alcoholes de calidad superior para el consumo y la exportaEl otro, establecido en Sucre, produce slo para el cin. consumo. El mundo animal y el vegetal son de lo ms rico de la zona tropical. En las costas hay gran abundancia y diversidad de peces de carne exquisita y una admirable variedad
el
monuments
En
wonder of
mortalidad
an orphan asylum,
273
vate buildings of od
forc, post
The
honor of establishing the arch-diocese was bestowed on the Rev. Dr. Pedro Adn Brieschi, who has just been distinguished with high dignities by His Holiness Benedict XV. Between 1534 and 1901, the diocese had 48 bishops, the last of whom was Dr. Eugenio Biffi, very gTatefuUy rememCartagena has furniture, textile, tanning, soap, bered. underwear, soda-V^ater, stocking, shoe, stearic-candle,
canvas, chocolate, vermicelli, eigarette, straw-hat, and lime works, chemical labor atories, oil refineries, and several other works producing articles of the
liquor,
flour, china,
best quality.
office,
el
dicesis sufragneas la de Sauta Marta y Panam.^ Correspondi el honor de erigir la arquidicesis al ilustrsimo seor doctor Pedro Adn Briosehi, quien acaba de ser dis-
tinguido con altas dignidades por Su Santidad Benedicto XV. La dicesis tuvo desde 1534 a 1901 48 Obispos y fu el ltimo el doctor Eugenio Bifi de gratsimos recuerdos. Cartagena posee fbricas de muebles, tejidos, productos tnicos, jabones, velas estericas, zapatos, medias, franelas,
Palacio de Gobierno
Government House
aguas gaseosas,
fideos,
hielo,
licores,
calzado,
driln,
chocolate,
sombreros de paja, harina, curtimbre, alfarera, cal, laboratorios qumicos, refinera de petrleo y otras ms que producen artculos de superior calidad. Existen 3 bancos, casas de prstamo, caja de ahorros, compaas de seguros, de mutualidad, varios colegios particulares, un centro de historia, una cmai-a de comercio, agencias extranjeras, libreras, imprentas oficiales y particigarrillos,
anee company, mutuality company, several prvate colleges, a historical association, a chamber of commerce, foreign agencies, book stores, official and prvate printeries, drug stores, bar-rooms, several dailies and periodicals, notarial
offices,
courts
and tribunals of
justice, jails,
and a peni-
tentiary.
is the native eity of several illustrious men. them, the following liave exercised the national executive power: Jos Mara del Castillo Rada, Jos Fernndez de Madrid, Manuel Rodrguez Torices, Bartolom Calvo, and Rafael Nez. It was the scene of the evangelic work of Saint Peter Claver, whose remains lie in the ehurch
Cartagena
Among
culares, boticas, cantinas, varios diarios, revistas, notaras, tribunales de justicia y juzgados, crceles y penitenciara. Cartagena es cuna de hombres que han dado lustre a la
el poder ejecutivo Jos Fernndez de Madrid, Manuel Rodrguez Torices, Bartolom Calvo y Rafael Nez. Fu el teatro del celo evanglico de San Pedro Claver cuyos restos reposan en la iglesia del mismo nombre. Comercialmente considerada Cartagena tiene puesto
De
ellos
han
ejercido
Castillo
Rada,
Jos
of the
same ame.
especial entre las mejores plazas de comercio del pas. La comunicacin con el interior de la repblica se hace en ferrocarril y vapores y es puerto de escala de vapores de diversas compaas nacionales y extranjeras. En los alrededores de la ciudad hay quintas valiosas y
a conunercial center, Cartagena is one of the most important in Colombia. The communication between it and the interior of the republic is effected by railroads and steamboats. As a port, it is a stopping place for steamers
of several national
As
and foreign companies. In the outskirts of the city there are valuable
style.
villas of
modern
Among
it
de
estilo
moderno.
las
Mompox, which
other important cities of the department are: is noted for the timely and patriotie service
Entre
figuran:
servicios
dems ciudades importantes del departamento Momps, clebre por los oportunos y patriticos
War
of Independeuce, in which
its
que prest en la guerra de la independencia en la cual se distinguieron los momposinos por su valor y su abnegacin. Corozal, Sincelejo, Carmen, Magangu, Chin, Lorica y Montera, capitales de las respectivas provincias en que se divide el departamento, poblaciones de gi'an importancia comercial y agrcola. 274
Corozal,
Sincelejo,
Carmen,
Magangu,
Chin, Lorica, and Montera, which are capitals of the provinees of the same ames inte which the department is divided, and have great commereial and agieultural importanee.
CARTAGENA
y
Kn la liiatoria poKtica de Colombia se le llama, por antonomasia, la "ciudad heroica," en verdad que pocas ciudades de Europa y ninguna de las de Amrica pueden disFundada en
In the political history of Colombia, Cartagena is calJed the "Hcroic City," a that few European cities and no American city can dispute.
at
title
Cartagena waa founded in the first third of the 16th century when piracy was its height, and from its early years it was a victim to the greed of the pirates. Robert Baal, in 1544; Francis Drake, in the service of the Queen ofEngland.in 1586; several French and English pirates whose ames have been forgotten, in 1620; Barn Admiral De Pointis and the filibuster Morgan, at the end of the 16th century; and lastly, Admiral Vernon, in 1740, bore witness to the suferings of Cartagena and the heroism with which she defended her sacred territory. History has kept the glorious ame of Don Sancho Jimeno, a heroic defender of the BocacMca fort. Passing over his broken sword, Barn De Pointis and his 8,000 men entered and plundered the The bravo deeds city; they showed no pity, and robbed her of aeven million pesos. of 1740, againat the powerfU|l troops of the overbearing Vernon, who had brought
inedala
genian heroism.
At that time Cartagena already had the title of city, granted to her by King Don and her coat of anns was a shield with two erect red lions holding a cross between them; the cross was the same height as the lions, on a gold background, and above it there was an anchor between the heads of the lions.
Felipe,
As if such titles were not sufficient to reward the merits of Cartagena, Felipe gave her the further title of "noblest and most loyal city." At the begnnig of the War of Independence, Cartagena, traditions, occupied the first place among the cities of America.
King Don
Dr. Rafael A. Tatis, Presidente del Concejo Municipal President of the Municipal Council
en 1740, dan fe de los padecimentos de Cartagena de Indias y del herosmo con que La historia ha recogido el nombre glorioso de don Sancho defendi su tierra sagrada. Jimeno, defensor heroico del fuerte de Bocachica; por sobre su espada rota pas el Barn de Pointis con sus 8000 hombres, paa saquear luego la ciudad, sin miramientos de ninguna clase: siete millones de pesos fu el fruto de su rapia. La epopeya de 1740, ante las fuerzas poderosas del arrogante Vernon, quien tra,jo acuadas las medallas que representaban a Cartagena rendida ante l, fu la culminacin del herosmo
cartagenero.
Ya para aquel entonces tena el ttulo de Ciudad, concedido por el rey don Felipe, y por sus armas conocidas, un escudo con dos leones rojos levantados, asiendo una cruz en medio, tan alta como los leones, en campo dorado y encima de la cruz una ncora entre las cabezas de los dichos leones, con su timbre y follajes. Y como si aquellos ttulos no bastasen a premiar los mritos de la Cartagena de las Indias del Mar Ocano, el mismo rey don Felipe la intitul "muy noble y muy Cuando son la hora de la independencia nacional, fiel a sus gloriosas tradij leal."
primer puesto entre las ciudades de Amrica, se declar estado independiente, libre y soberano y dio la Patria naciente todo lo que un pueblo patriota y heroico puede dar: vida y haciendas. El asedio que sufri en 1815 quit a Numancia el cetro de la heroicidad y el martirio. El hambre, las epidemias, los asaltos y los cadalsos, exterminaron casi la generacin gloriosa de principios dpi siglo pasado. Despus de una centuria, Cartagena ocupa el primer puesto entre las ciudades del litoral colombiano. Su situacin topogrfica excepcionalmente bella; su hermosa baha, sus slidas coloniales construcciones; lo elegante y costoso de su arquitectura moderna; la cultura social e intelectual de sus hijos; la riqueza de su comercio; y finalmente, su vecindad al canal de Panam, hacen de ella una digna antesala de la
clones,
Don
pendent
Luis Bustamate R., Vicepresidente del Concejo Mimicipal Vic e-Preside nt of the Municipal Council
Cartagena ocup
el
free and sovereign state and gave to the rising nation everything that a patriotic people can give life and wealth. The siege that it sustained in 1815 took away from Numantia the first place for heroism and martyrdom. Hunger, epidemics, attacks and executions almost extinguished the whole population of the city.
repbUca.
Today Cartagena occupies the first place among the cities of the Colombian seaHer exceptionalty picturesque location, her beautiful bay, her solid colonial atructures and elegant and costly modern buildings, the social and intellectual culture of her sons, the wealth of her commerce, and lastly, her proximity to the Pananiu Canal, make her a worthy entrance to the republic.
board.
El turista halla dignos de ser visitados algunos de los templos de Cartagena: el de San Pedro Claver es indiscutiblemente bello. El palacio de justicia no tiene igual en el pas; el de gobierno, de pasada arquera espaola, es amplio y adecuado al servicio a que se le destina. Sus viejos conventos han sido reemplazados, por rara coincidencia, por teatros modernos y elegantes. La industria cartagenera est llamando la atencin pblica. El gran Ingenio Central Colombia, establecido por los seores Carlos y Fernando Vlez, es la empresa ms grande que se ha organizado en el pas y de las pocas genuinamente nacionales.
There are in the city several churches that attract the traveler's attention, that of San Pedro Claver being indisputably the handsomest. The Palace of Justice has no equal in the republic. The government's palace, of od Spanish style, is ampie and adequate to the service for which it is intended. The od convents, by a rare concidence, have been replaced by modern and elegant theatres. The industries of Cartagena are at present attracting a great deal of pubc attention. The immense factory (Ingenio Central Colombia) estabshed by Messrs. Carlos and Fernando Vlez is the largest enterprise in the country, and one of the few that
are strictly national.
275
There are in the city cotton, shoe, chocolate, soap, stearic-candle, flour-product, and other factories, The commerce of the city is one of the most extensive in the republic. There are well organized commercial firms, which offer all kinds of guarantees to their patrons.
fore
La administracin de la ciudad mejoraTde da enfda. El pavimento de las calles, que en otro tiempo se vea cubierto de lodo, es hoy en su mayor parte de fino ladrillo ingls. La guerra interrumpi la pavimentacin de la ciudad con ese ladrillo, pero se ha continuado con el sistema de macadam, usado tambin en algunas ciudades
norteamericanas. La ciudad est comunicada con sus encantadores barrios extramuros por sendas calzadas convenientemente arregladas. El servicio de transporte se hace en ella en coches, automviles y autobuses, servicio que se presta por ms de 200 de
esos vehculos.
city improves from day to day. The streets, for the moat part paved with Enghsh brick.
El antiguo paseo "El Camelln," ha sido hermoseado y ampliado con la construcLa obra material ms importante de la admicin de calzadas laterales y malecones. nistracin municipal, es la del Parque del Centenario, parque hermossimo y rico en El monumento central erigido en honor de los artsticos monumentos de mrmol. El parque fu comenzado en 1910 mrtires de Cartagena, no tiene rival en el pas. y ha sido el Concejo Municipal de 1917 quien ha coronado la obra. Para ello ha necesitado hacer grandes esfuerzos y no menores sacrificios. La justicia exige este pblico reconocimiento. El municipio de Cartagena se esfuerza por mejorar los servicios urbanos y ha hecho al exterior un costoso pedido de maquinaria pana la planta elctrica municipal. El Las rentas del distrito son administradas escruservicio de acueducto es satisfactorio. pulosamente y el servicio de tesorera se conserva corriente sin demoras en los pagos, lo que por s solo acusa una buena administracin. A ese resultado han concurrido los esfuerzos del concejo y del seor tesorero, doctor Manuel A. Nez.
se
El presupuesto de rentas para 1917 est caloulado en $145,000.00 oro, de los cuales ha invertido en obras pblicas unos $50,000.00. Si la nacin pudiera hacer otro tanto,
de
la Alcalda
Alcalde
Mayor
estado de atraso en que vivimos. El municipio de Cartagena no se conforma con vivir, sino que impulsa el progreso urbano. El personal de la administracin municipal es el siguiente: Presidente del Concejo: doctor Rafael A. Tatis, abogado; Concejales: doctor Miguel Gmez F., abogado, doctor Manuel F. Obregn, doctor Bernardino Castro M., don Hilario Polanco, don Luis Bustamante, don Jos C. Cabrera; Secretario: seor Antonio Olmos B.; Alcalde del Distrito: don Enrique Grau; Tesorero del Districto: doctor Manuel A. Nez; Personero Municipal: don Senn Gonzlez E.; Ingeniero Municipal: seor Guillermo Jimnez. El Municipio tiene muy bien cimentado su crdito, atiende religiosamente al servicio de un emprstito y tiene en caja una fuerte suma de dinero destinada a mejorar la planta elctrica de su propiedad.
contar a sus proceres, los finados doctores Rafael Nez, Felipe S. Paz, Joaqun F. Vlez, Manuel Santodomingo y Eloy Pareja G., polticos; Jos Manuel Royo, Dionisio H. Arajo, Abel Irisarri, Federico Nez, como pedagogos; Rafael Calvo, Juan A. Fortich y Lascarlo Barboza, mdicos; Pedro Vlez R. y R. Romn Vlez, literatos. Entre sus hombres de actualidad sobresale, como jurisconsulto eminente y plitico honrado, el doctor Simn Bossa. En el cuerpo mdico se distinguen los doctores Rafael Calvo C, T. A. Tatis, Manuel F. Obregn, Eusebio Guerrero P. y N. M. Paz. En el de abogados los doctores Rafael H. Muoz, J. A. Gmez Recuero, M. del C. Pareja, Anbal Osorio y otros.
ella
interrupted the work of paving, which afterwards was replaced by macadamization, also used in severa! cities of the United States. The city is connected with her charms ing outskirts by well kept roads, and the transportation service is effected by meanof carriages, automobiles, and autobuses, there being 200 vehicles in all. The od "El Camelln" promenade has been embellished and enlarged by the construction of lateral roads and moles. The principal work carried out by the rnunicipality is the Parque del Centenario, a most beautful park containing several artistic marble monuments. The central monument erected in honor of the Cartagena martyrs has no equal in the republic. The park was begun in 1910, and was finished in 1917 by the municipal council. In order to finish it, great efforts and numerous sacrifices were necessary, and it is but just that they should be here acknowledged. The municipality of Cartagena is endeavoring to improve its public works, and it has sent abroad for expensive machinery to be used in a municipal electric plant. The aqueduct gives satisfactory service. The revenues of the district are honestly administered, and the treasury runs smoothly, without any delays in payments, a fact which by itself shows an efficient administration. This condition is mainly due to the efforts of the municipal council and of the treasurer, Dr. Manuel A. Nez. The revenue budget for 1917 is estimated at $145,000, of which $50,000 has been spent for public worka. If the nation could do as well in proportion, its general condition would be far better than it is. The muncipality of Cartagena is not satisfied with bare existence, but constantly endeavors to give impulse to progress. The personnel of the municipal administration is as follows: President of the council, Dr. Rafael A. Tatis, Lawyer; members: Dr. Miguel Gmez F., lawyer, Dr. Manuel F. Obregn, Dr. Bernardino Castro M., Don Hilario Polanco, Don Luis Bustamante, Don Jos Cabrera; Secretary, Mr. Antonio Olmos B,; District Mayor, Don Enrique Grau; District Treasurer, Dr. Manuel A. Nez; Municipal Attorney, Don Senn Gonzlez F.; Municipal Engineer, Mr. Guillermo Jimnez. The municipaUty has a very well established credit, attends with scrupulosity to all loans, and has in cash a large amount intended for the improvement of its electric plant.
En
han visto
In the city of Cartagena have been born or lived, in addition to the revolutionary hroes, the late T>ra. Rafael Nez, Felipe S. Paz, Joaqun F. Vlez, Manuel Santodomingo, and Eloy Pareja G., political leaders; Jos Manuel Royo, Dionisio H.
Arajo, Abel Irisarri, Federico Nez, educators; Rafael Calvo, Juan A. Fortich and Lascario Barboza, physicians; Pedro Vlez R. and R. Romn Vlez, men of letters. Among her present peraonages, Dr. Simn Bossa, a prominent lawyer and honest political leader, deserves special mention. Of the physicians of Cartagena, the following are the best known: Drs. Rafael Calvo C, T. A. Tatis, Manuel F. Obregn, Eusebio Guerrero P-, and N. M. Paz. Among iawyers, Drs. Rafael H. Muoz, J. A. Gmez Recuero, M. del C. Pareja, Anbal.
Osorio,
and
others.
UU:9ip
276
Bossio
Don Bartolom Martnez other members, Don Carlos Vlez D., Don Rafael de Zubira, Don Vicente Martnez R. substituto members, Don Alejandro V. Orillac, Don Rafael Henrquez, Don Elseo Navarro, Don Jernimo Martnez A., Don Eduardo Martnez A.
Board of
;
directors: president,
vice-president,
Don
Celedonio Rieres
tnez A.,
Don Eduardo
G. Rieres T.,
Don Roberto de
Zubira V.
cheek accounts
telegraph
of
drafts
on
commission;
currency exchanged.
This bank has its own building, which is a handsome and modern reinforced-concrete structure, finished in Febru-
Fundado por escritura pblica el dia 21 de octubre de 1907 por el seor Bartolom Martnez Bossio, presidente de la junta directiva desde su fundacin; con un capital suscrito de $500,000 oro el que est completamente pagado. La junta directiva la componen: presidente, don Bartolom Martnez Bossio vicepresidente, don Celedonio Pieres vocales, don Carlos Vlez D., don Rafael de Zubira y don Vicente Martnez R. Vocales Suplentes: don Alejandro V. Orillac, don Elseo Navarro, don Rafael Henrquez, don Jernimo Martnez A. y don Eduardo Martnez A. Gerentes: don Jernimo Martnez A., don Eduardo Martnez A., don Jos G. Martnez A. Secretarios: don Eduardo G. Rieres T. y don Roberto de Zubira V. Ahogado Consultor: doctor Simn Bossa. Las operaciones del Banco son las siguientes: seccin de cuentas corrientes a inters mutuo. Crditos flotantes. Depsitos a la orden y a trmino fijo. Descuentos de obligaciones, y letras de firmas de primera clase. Cobros de letras en comisin. Giros por telgrafo en el pas. Transferencias cablegTficas para el exterior. Cambio de mone;
ary, 1915.
13, 1913,
when
it
made
its
has a special department for the collection on commission of foreign drafts, a business of which the bank
It
makes a
speeialty.
first
one on the
Atlantic coast to establish open credits with mutual interest in current accounts, at the rate of 1 per cent per
month, at a time when the rate of interest was much higher. Having thus lowered the rate of interest and introduced that couvenient system of credits, the bank contributed very considerably to the development of the eattle
Bolvar.
das.
Funciona en un edificio propio, elegante y moderno, todo de concreto armado, que fu inaugurado en febrero del ao de 1915. Tiene un fondo de resei-va acumulado por un total de .$48,088.43 oro americano hasta el 31 de diciembre de 1915. fecha en la cual reparti su 16 dividendo, de $8 oro por cada accin de $100 oro. Tiene abierta una seccin para los cobros de letras extranjeras en comisin, ramo al cual dedica especial atencin.
el primer banco de la costa Atlntica que estableci negociacin de crditos en descubierto con intereses mutuos en cuenta corriente, a la rata de 1% mensual, en poca en que la rata de inters era mucho ms elevada con la baja del tipo de inters y el sistema de crditos en cuenta corriente, contribuy en mucho al desarrollo de la industria pecuaria en el Departamento de Bolvar y al fomento de nuevas industrias.
Fu
la
277
Banco fundado en mayo de 1913 jDor escritura pi'iblica No. 215 por los seores Gernimo Martnez A., Celedonio Pieres, Carlos Vlez Danies,
Founded
res,
in 1913,
under charter
ISTo.
215,
by
Rafael de Zubira y Rafael Henrquez, con un capital social de $500,000 oro, habiendo pagado
265,000 oro de dicho capital social.
La Junta
siguiente
Directiva
est
compuesta de
la
manera
;
president,
Gernimo Martnez A.
vicepresi-
members,
tario,
lez Danies,
y Jos G. Martnez A.
Gerentes:
Antonio
E.
Martz
cardi, J. G.
Martnez A.
:
Aycardi, J. G. Martnez A.
Operaciones
del
Banco.
Seccin
especial
neral;
cuenta corriente
cobros en comisin
depsitos
According
1913, the
lars,
December,
En
tena el
Banco un
capital
and paid
stockholders a dividend of 10
According
Segn
el
el
31 de diciembre
to 6,673.86 doUars.
suma de
Es
el
first
bank
in the city,
and even on
primer banco en
y aun en
la
by mortgages,
at
low
in-
haciendo con
a la ciudad de
f or,
with the
a great
Ca.
El Ferrocarril de Cartagena conecta el puerto de la ciudad de Cartagena con el puerto fluvial de Calamar, sobre el ro Magdalena, ofreciendo un servicio rpido entre la costa y el interior de la repblica para carga, correos y
pasajeros.
Baha de Cartagena y Muelles. El muelle del ferrode 500 pies de largo por 120 de ancho est situado sobre la baha de Cartagena, con una profundidad de agua
carril,
La baha de Cartagena, pues, brinda de 36 a 40 pies. grandes facilidades a los vapores martimos, los cuales no solamente pueden siempre cargar y descargar en un puerto seguro, sino que pueden cargarse su cupo entero y salir del puerto sin peligro alguno. La baha de Ca,rtageua es considerada por muchos como la mejor baha de SurAmrica.
Aduana. Los almacenes de la aduana estn situados en el mismo muelle del ferrocarril, a lo largo de los vapores martimos, pudiendo ser descargados los cargamentos directamente a los almacenes mencionados. Esta rpida manipulacin de la carga facilita' considerablemente el despacho de los vapores.
Cartagena Bay and Wharves. The railroad wharf which measures 500 feet in length by 100 feet in width, is located on the bay of Cartagena, which there has a depth of 36 to
,
40
feet.
facilities to
ocean steamers,
and unload and leave the port in perfect by many considered the best in South
America.
Custom Eouse. The custom-house depots are located on the railroad wharf, alongside the mooring places for the steamers, so that freight may be directly unloaded into
them.
Shipm-ents. On account of the facilities just mentioned, freight can be readily shipped both to the city of Carta-
Despachos de Mercancas. Con motivo de las facilidades arriba enumeradas, es factible el hacer rpidos despachos de mercancas, tanto para la ciudad de Cartagena, como para el interior del pas. En el reconocimiento de la aduana y dems manipuleo, as como el trasporte de tren, hasta poner los cargamentos en Calamar se emplean, por trmino medio, cinco das. De all los cargamentos suben el ro a las diferentes ciudades del interior de Colombia, por medio de vapores que salen casi todos los das.
gena itself and to the interior of the countiy. The customhouse inspection and other formalities, and the transportation of goods to Calamar, require on an average five days.
From Calamar goods are shipped up the river to the different inland cities of the republic on steamboats, which sail
nearly every day.
Manejo de Mercancas. Puesto que las mercancas son desembarcadas directamente del vapor a los almacenes de la aduana, el manejo de ellas se reduce al mnimum, evitndose por consiguiente el carretaje. Despus de haber sido examinadas las mercancas por la aduana se cargan directamente a los vagones del ferrocarril que han de conducirlas. Piezas pesadas, como calderas, rieles, pianos, automviles, etc., son descargadas del vapor a los carros de plataforma que las esperan, sin ineurrirse en mayor manejo,
Handling of Freight. As goods are unloaded directly from the steamer into the cu-stom-house storage rooms, the work of handling them is reduced very considerably, no
eartage being necessary.
in-
rail-
road
cars,
cars.
Heavy
etc.,
artieles,
pianos,
automobiles,
y en
mismos son examinadas por la aduana. Todas dadas por la va de Cartagena han sido debidamente apreciadas y utilisadas en muchos aos por
ellos
estas facilidades
empresas mineras
where they are inspected by the custom house auand then transported over the railroad. All these facilities offered by the Cartagena route have been recognized and utilized for many years by nearly all the railroads and mining and industrial concerns of the rethorities,
public.
Puerto Fluvial de Calamar. La compaa tiene un muy buen muelle en Calamar, en donde los trenes pueden ir a lo largo de los vapores fluviales, y con la ayuda de una gra de 15 toneladas que se tiene en servicio, el manejo de las piezas pesadas se facilita grandemente sin exponerlas a un manejo r\ido.
at
Pluvial Port of Calamar. The companj^ has a good pier Calamar, where the railroad cars may run alongside the
river boats,
is
safely handled
by
means
company.
Para
los seores Pineda Lpez han establecido una sucursal en Cartagena. As pues, los cargamentos consignados a los seores Pineda Lpez y Ca, sern despachados con todo el cuidado posible y rapidez al lugar de su destino en el interior del pas.
etc.,
Pineda Lpez & Company. For the removal of freight from the custom house, payment of duties, etc., Messrs. Pineda Lpez & Company have established a branch office in Cartagena. So, all shipments consigned to them will be carefully and pi'omptly forwarded to its destination in other parts of the republic. The firm has well-organized
branches in the
cities of
Esta firma tiene bien establecidas sucursales en las ciudades de Bogot, Medelln, Barranquilla, Manizales, Honda y
Girardot.
Carga de Exportacin. Epido despacho. Caf, cueros, metales preciosos y dems productos, son rpidamente despachados de Calamar al muelle en el puerto de Cartagena, emplendose solo cuatro horas en la travesa. Este
rpido despacho de productos de exportacin es encontrado por muchos exportadores especialmente conveniente.
cious metis
Rapid Shipment of Export Artieles. Coffee, hides, preand other produets, are rapidly shipped from Calamar to the wharf at Cartagena, the transportation reThe rapidity with which this quiring only four hours. highly praised by many exvery work is done has been
porters.
279
la
Entre los establecimientos do edufaeiii que existen en ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, este instituto cuenta
los
tiles de enseanza. nico que jams ha recibido, y mucho menos solicitado, auxilio personal u oficial de ninguna clase. Funcionan en este instituto, la escuela preparatoria, la facultad de filosofa y letras, la facultad de comercio, la facultad dental y la facultad de derecho y ciencias polticas. Cuenta con un crecido nmero de profesores de lo ms idneo y eminente de la ciudad. Se han educado y se educan en l los hijos de las familias ms selectas y connotadas del departamento y est reconocido entre los que gozan de mejor reputacin en la repblica. El instituto fu fundado por su actual director, el notable e ilustrado pedagogo don Lzaro Mara Martnez Olier, quien ha hecho de l, templo sagrado a cuyo amparo lian recibido slidas y fecundas enseanzas la mayor parte de los hombres que. en los diversos campos del humano batallar, han conquistado el laurel de la victoria en los Departamentos de Bolvar, Cauca y Panam. Quien quiera que haya pasado por las aulas de este acreditado plantel, ha salido de ellas armado para la lucha de la vida y por sobre todo, con las ms altas nociones de patriotismo, de dignidad y de carcter. Su director es un ejemplo viviente del selfhelp. Ha combatido de sol a sol por espacio de 33 aos en el noble campo de Minerva, sin otras armas que la perseverancia y las excepcionales dotes con que le favoreci la
con
ms nunerosos y mejores
Es
el
Oi" all tile educaticiual iiistitutiuns iii tlie eity of Cartagena, this one has tlie largest and best eqnipment. It is the only one that has never accepted or asked for any outside prvate or official assistance.
The institute has preparatory courses, and courses in philosophy, literature, commerce, dentistry, and law and
political seience.
Its faculty is composed of the ablest and most prominent professors in the city. It is acknowledged as one of the best reputed institutions in the republic, and the sons of the most select and distinguished families have been its
studeuts.
The
institute
was founded by
its
learned educator Don Lzaro Mara Martnez Olier, who has made of it a fruitful center of instruction where many
in the
Departments of Bolvar, Cauca, and Panam. All those who have studied in this institution have left it well prepared for the struggle of life, and especially, imbued with the highest ideis of patriotism and uprightness. Its direcHe has worked tor is a striking illustration of self-help. prompted by the years, 33 during night morning to from most untiring perseveranee and assisted by the enviable gifts with which nature endowed him.
pages would be required to enumrate the great accomplishments of this worthy institution. Suffice it to say that it has always won first prize in all contests, and that it is the only prvate institution in the department offering such courses as those raentioned above.
naturaleza.
y valiosos triunfos de este instituto se necesitaran muchas pginas; baste por hoy decir que ha. merecido siempre el primer premio de los concursos, y que en todo el departamento es el iinico plantel privado donde funcionan esa variedad de facultades.
Para enumerar
Many
^^A ,r.<^uttA'
280
los
ms formidables campeones de
la actividad
One
prise.
and enter-
Tiene casi 86 aos, habiendo nacido en Pietra Ligure, Provincia de Genova, Eeino de Italia, el 25 de noviembre de 1831. A la edad de 17 aos, habiendo tomado
parte en Genova, en las conspiraciones para la redencin
He
is
now nearly
on November
At
de Italia, fu obligado a embarcarse para Cartagena, Colombia, en donde tena un to llamado Jxmn Bautista Trueco.
With
he
the assistance of
liis
ayuda de su to empez inmediatamente a comerciar con el Departamento de Panam y llev, despus de dos aos, el asiento de sus negocios a Quibd en el Choc,
Con
la
Department of Panam.
Two
years later,
moved
his business to
a donde supo aprovechar maravillosamente las vrgenes Estableci una riquezas del pas.
lnea de navegacin a vela que
where he judiciously exploited the virgin wealth of that territory. He established a line of sailing boats on the Atrato river, a line which was later
replaced
by
steamboats.
He
also
known
de Bolvar.
En
ficios
se dedic a edificar
y refaccionar edi-
cien propiedades, la
las cuales
and repairing of buildings. Today lie owns more than 100 houses, nearly all of which were built by him. He
also
built
the
Coliseo
theatre.
In
construy
teatro
El Coliseo; en
para
la construccin
del ferrocarril
transferred
the
concession
to
the
built
y luego
la traspas
He
a la actual compaa inglesa; construy los dos faros del puerto de Cartagena; construy y puso al servicio pblico el Hotel Americano uno de
los
En
Italia
nomde
ian Navigation
bramiento
en
consular
In
1894
he
was
apItal-
Cartagena; en 1894 fu nombrado agente de la Compaa de Navegacin Italiana La Veloce; habiendo contribuido eficazmente al establecimiento de esa lnea de vapores. En 1895 obsequi ciudad de Cartagena una estatua de mrmol del inmortal Cristbal Coln, y en diciembre del mismo ao, la municipalidad de Cartagena lo honr confirindole el ttulo de hijo de Cartagena. En 1898 hizo todo lo posible para aligerar la solucin del a.sunto Cerrutti, y para facilitarla ofreci al gobierno colombiano garantizar la indemnizacin que deba pagarse al subdito italiano mencionado. En 1907
a la fu condecorado por su gobierno con Ja medalla de la
La
Veloce
Company,
efScaciously.
In 1895 he presented
Christopher Columbus.
of
Son of Cartagena.
government
to
Corona de
Italia
y nombrado caballero de
la
misma.
and knighted.
281
Fundado en 1903
es
hoy
el
decano de
:
los cole-
Founded
others.
in 1903.
l lia visto
nacer
el
nico que
inte-
done uninter-
rupted work for fifteen years. Its courses in inathematics and astronomy prepare students for engineering studies. Its students have meas-
ra.
bles
Sus alumnos han medido alturas inaccesipor diversos procedimientos y han levantado
el
de esta
ured inaccessible heights by different methods, and made several topographical surveys and maps, including a map of Cartagena, which was dedicated to his Excellency the President of the Eepublic. Having been incorporated with the
National University in 1910, this college
is
Presidente de la Eepblica.
Incorporado a
la
au-
diploma de bachillerato clsico j del tcnico tambin ya ha expedido 39 diplomas de los pri;
and
meros.
Admite
internos, externos
y semintenaos.
students taken.
Director Propietario
M. GMEZ
A., Pbro.,
Cartagena
M. GMEZ
A., Pero.,
Cartagena
Don
try.
Francisco Posada, a
man
of great perseverance,
He
is
almacn, situado en la plaza principal, y una importante hacienda llamada El Kesg'uardo. Comercia con las plazas
He
de Barranquilla y Cartagena en donde goza de bien merecido ci'dito, e importa varios artculos de los Estados
Unidos, por conducto de casas comisionistas de Barran(juilla.
joys high.eredit.
and Cartagena, where he deservedly enHe imports several ai-ticles from the
treinta
por su amor
al
He
is
highly esteemed by
.V
por cuantos
lo
conocen.
and
all
others
B.
Residencia actual,
Siete
fis-
Native
of
Sucre,
Bolvar.
to
Presciit
residcucc,
Magangu.
hijos.
Magangu.
children.
ince of
Married
Doa
Actualmente tiene
cargo de visitador
Milit en
At present
fiscal
cal
de la Provincia de jMagangii.
el
lasj
Magangu.
ao de 1899,
in 1899.
282
RAFAEL MNDEZ
Abogado y
Nacido en San Garlos, ro Sin, Departamento de Bolvar, Eep. de Colombia, el 11 de junio de 1886. Graduado de bachiller en filosofa y letras en el Colegio Universitario de Fernndez Madrid. Los primeros
aos del bacliillerato los hizo en los colegios privados de >San Fernando, y San Pedro Claver, de Cartagena. Graduado por la Universidad de Liverpool en comercio y economa poltica, y graduado en el ao de 1916 en derecho y ciencias polticas por la Universidad de Cartagena.
M.
Born at San Carlos, on the Sin Department of Bolvar, on June
Comerciante -Lawyer
and Mekchant
river,
11, 1886.
phy and
He made
preparatory studies at
L
^(
San Fernando and San Pedro Claver, Cartagena. Graduated from the University of Liverpool, in commeree and political economy, and from the Cartagena University as a doctor of law and political
the prvate colleges of
Science in 1916.
1**%
^^^^JSI
His parents,
married, have
Jfc''
gozan de
mucha
estimacin social, en la
'^^^^V^
tune,
and are
social circles.
Es actualmente Personero Municipal de la ciudad de Cartagena en dos perodos consecutivos, y tesorero de la Junta Directiva de las fiestas del Centenario de 1811. Concejero Municipal por la ciudad de Cartagena en el perodo de 1914-1915. Conjuez del Tribunal Superior del Distrito Judicial de Bolvar para el ao de 1915. Vicecnsul de Noruega en 1912-1913. Profesor de ingls en el Colegio de La Esperanza. Miembro correspondiente de la Sociedad Jurdica de la Universidad Nacional de la Eepbliea de Colombia, radicada en Bogot. Actualmente es socio administrador de la firma comercial Mndez y Ca. de Cartagena.
He has been municipal attorney of the city of Cartagena during two eonsecutive pcriods, and was treasurer of the Board of DiMunicipal reetors of the Centenary celebration in 1911. councilor of Cartagena from 1914 to 1915. Judge of the Superior Tribunal of the Judicial District of Bolvar in Pro1915. Viee-consul of Norway in 1912 to 1913. Correfessor of English at the La Esperanza College. sponding member of the Judicial Society of the National University of the Republic of Colombia, Bogot. At present, member and manager of the commercial firm of Mndez & Company, Cartagena.
H. L.
Romn
Hijos
W; i
y Picn,
Sucesores
H. P. Romn, Hernando Romn nicos propietarios de la afamada CuRARiNA DE JuAN SaIAs Nieto, remedio infalible para las mordeduras
de culebras y de todo animal ponzooso, fiebres paldicas y amarilla, hidrofobia, clicos, viruelas, etc. Remedio que cuenta 40 aos de xitos constantes y que hoy es conocido en Tiene toda la Amrica y Europa. agencias de este producto en Nueva York y en Quezaltenango, Guatemala. Adems de este especfico, en el laboratorio Romn se preparan 40 especialidades farmacuticas ms, las cuales han merecido diplomas y medallas en varias exposiciones y en la ltima del Centenario de 1910 fueron favorecidas con diploma de honor y declaradas fuera de concurso.
H. L. Romn,
TI.
L.
owners of the famous Juan 's Curwrine, an infallible rcmedy for snake hites and hites from
Sol
Salas Nieto
otlier
mII
yellow fever, hydrophobia, small pox, etc., etc. This remedy has been a
success for 40 years,
tliroughnut
America
in
and and
is
known
Europe.
Guatemala. Besides this specifie, the Romn Laboratory prepares 40 other plifirmaceutical specialties, whieh have been awarded diplomas and inedals at several expositions. At the 1910 Centenary Exposition they received a diploma of honor and
CLUB CARTAGENA
Se fund el Club Cartagena el 10 de noviembre de 1891 con un personal de 150 socios. Hoy llega a 300 el nmero de stos, formado de lo ms selecto de la ciudad de don Pedro de Heredia. Es de los centros sociales uno de los ms antiguos e importantes del pas. Sus socios son distinguidos caballeros, y en sus salones se ofrece la ocasin de admirar la cxtura y belleza de las hijas de Cartagena, reconocidas como modelos de virtud, sencillez y franqueza. Anualmente tienen lugar en el club, en los das 20 de julio, 12 de octubre, 10, 11 y 13 de noviembre y 31 de diciembre, las fiestas reglamentarias, aparte de las que se verifican en otras fechas y con diversos motivos.
10,
1891,
with a membership of 150. The membership is today 300, aiul iiK'ludes the most select society of Don Pedro de
Heredia 's city. It is one of the oldest and most important social centres iu the
country.
Its
members
are distin-
guished gentlemen, and its rooms aft'ord an opportunity to admire the refinement and beauty of the daughters of Cartagena, who are acknowledged as models of virtue,
and frankness. Every year on July 20, October 12, November 10, 11 and 13, and December 31, the regulation festisimplicity
vals are held, in addition to which there are others that are prepared on special occasions.
Se recuerda como ejemplo de suntuosidad las fiestas de inauguracin del club, las de noviembre de 1911 en celebracin del Centenario de la Proclamacin de Independencia de la Provincia de Cartagena y las de 1916 con ocasin de las "Bodas de Plata" de este centro
social.
As examples of
the magnificent
may
be cited
the one that took place at its inaugiiration, tliose of November, 1911, in coramemoration of the Centenary of the Province of Cartagena, and those of 1916, on the occasion of the "Silver Wedding" of the
club.
The
last
dele-
dos viltimas asistici'on comisiones y delegados de otros centros similares del pas, invitados de modo especial. Con este paso inaugur el club la encomiable costumbre del intercambio de visitas entre los centros establecidos en
las
la
repblica,
fomentando
as
relaciones
ms
estrechas y
haciendo labor patritica muy honrosa. Fu el primer presidente del club el .seor don Fernando Vlez Danies, quien actualmente posee igual cargo y adems el ttulo de honorario que le fu conferido por la Junta General de socios en 1916.
gates from other similar centres of the republic, especially invited for the occasion. The club thus inaugurated the commendable custom of an interchange of visits among the centres of that character established throughout the republic. thns fostering cise relations and doing very worthy pati'iotic work. The first president of the club was Don Fernando Vlez Danies, who at present holds the same office, and has besides the titlo of honorary member, which was conferred upon him bv the General Committee of Members in 1916.
CLUB LA POPA
Kste centro social fu fundado en el ao de 1911, con 248 miembros y qued constituido con la siguiente junta directiva presidente, seor Carlos Gmez E. vicepresidente, seor Vicente Martnez R. vocal, seor Enrique Grau V.; secretario, seor Ricardo Dz. Granados; tesorero, seor Aureliano Vlez. Al presente, 1917, cuenta .'lOO socios, y la directiva consta de presidente, vicepresidente, tesorero, bibliotecario, secretario y cuatro vocales eleg:idos por el perodo de un ao, a partir del 1. de marzo. Desde la segunda de estas juntas, figura como presidente, reelegido unnimemente, el seor A-'icente Martnez R., alma de este centro, a quien se debo entre otras cosas la edificacin del hermoso edificio projedad del club, del que se dan aqu dos ilustraciones. Demora este, en la falda de la histrica colina de La Popa, que le da su nombre, y es centro obligado de las fiestas tradicionales que el 2 do febrero de cada ao se celebran en honor do nuestra Seora de la Candelaria, a las que concurre lo ms granado de la sociedad cartagenera. Es lugar de deportes y su simptica posicin atrae a los muchos visitantes que llegan a esta ciudad. Cartagena, Repblica de Colombia.
: ;
in 1911 with 248 members and the following board of president, Mr. Carlos Gmez E.; vice-president, Mr. Vicente Martnez R. member, Mr. Enrique Grau V.; secretary, Mr. Ricardo Dz. Granados; treasurer, Mr. Aureliano Vlez. At present (1917) it has 300 members, and the board of directors consists of a president, vice-president, treasurer, libraran, secretary, and four other members, elected for a period of one year, beginning
directors:
;
Founded
Maich
Ist.
Since the organization of this second board, Mr. Vicente Martnez R., unanimously re-elected, has been president. He is the soul of the club, and to him is due, among other things, the construction of the beautiful building novv owned by the club, and shown in the illustration here given. It is situated on the side of the historie La Popa hill, from -which the club is named, and is the center of the traditional festivals celebrated every year on February 2d in honor of our Lady of Candlemas, in vphich the most select society of Cartagena It is likewise a favorito sporting place, and its fine partieipates. location attracts all strangers that visit the city. Cartagena, Republic of Colombia.
284
LA POCA
Horroroso crimen en Santa Cruz
Los contendores pelean a
to
Cmo
las
se
h^cen
Poltica
huelgasen
Espaa
espaola
La
crisis
de
los vveres
;.
285
CO.
Apr
1,
1893.
Socios Administradores
Diego Martnez R.
I iiiporlacin de telas
Managing Partners
Diego Martnez R.
ImportatioH of
textiles
Diego Martnez C.
Raising, fattening and exporlation of cattle
Vicente Martnez R.
Manufacture of
hutter
Miguel Martnez R.
Miguel Martnez R.
Petroleum fields
Campos de
petrleo
Gabriel Martnez S.
Refinera de petrleo
Manuel Martnez
S.
Manuel Martnez
Lumhering
S.
Aserro de madera
286
"EL PORVENIR"
Este peridico fu fundado el 3 de Junio del ao de 1877 por el seor General Antonio Arajo L. como editor propietario y el subdito espaol don Pablo Pideau, q. e. p. d., como redactor, quien desempe este cargo hasta mayo de 1878. En junio del mismo ao se encarg de la redaccin el seor doctor Eugenio Baena, hasta diciembre del ao En enero de 1881 se encarg de 1880. la redaccin el seor don Miguel de la Espriella, hasta abril de 1884; de ese ao en adelante asumi la direccin y redaccin el seor Antonio Arajo L. En el ao de 1886 fu suspendido por motivos de la guerra civil y reapareci en enero de 1886, editado por su propietario el General Arajo L., y bajo la direccin del seor Gabriel E. 'Byrne. La redaccin estaba a cargo del seor doctor Rafael Nez, Presidente titular de Colombia, hasta septiembre de 1894, en que muri ste. De esta poca hasta fines del ao de 1911 fu redactor de EL
seor Gabriel Eduardo 10 de enero de 1912 se encarg el seor Gabriel Porras Troconis, hasta junio de 1916, en que asumi de nuevo la direccin el General Arajo L. asociado a su hijo don Miguel Arajo J. como administrador.
el
This newspaper was founded June 3, by General Antonio Arajo L. as publishing owner, and the late Don Pablo Pideau as editor. The latter filled that place until May, 1878. In June of the same year, Dr. Eugenio Baena became editor and continued as such until December, 1880. From January, 1881, to April, 1884, the editor was Don Miguel de la Espriella. After that year, Mr. Antonio Arajo L. beeame director and In 1886 the paper was supeditor. pressed on account of the civil war. It reappeared in January, 1886, being then published by its owner. General Arajo L., under the direction of Mr. Gabriel E.
1877,
O 'Byrne.
The
editorship
was
in
the
hands of Dr. Rafael Nez, titular president of Colombia, who continued in charge until his death, in 1894. Prom this date until the end of 1911, the paper was edited by Mr. Gabriel Eduardo O 'Byrne. On January 10, 1912, Mr., Gabriel Porras Troconis took charge of the direction of the paper. He was succeeded in 1916 by General Arajo L., who again took up the management in association with his son, Mr. Miguel
PORVENIR
O 'Byrne. El
Arajo
J.
is
"EL PORVENIR"
f3!^i'a*jrWF
es hoy el decano de General Antonio Arajo L. prensa nacional y tiene una extensa, publication of articles on any subjeet. circulacin por el mundo entero, siendo uno de los mejores rganos para la propaganda de cualquier artculo. The advertising prices compare favorably with those of other La tarifa para anuncios, comparada con otros diarios, es muy econewspapers, being exceedingly reasonable. If you wish to enter into nmica. Si usted desea entrar en relaciones con la empresa dirjase a relations with the paper, address its oflSces at Cartagena, whence you sus oficinas de Cartagena y se le darn todos los- datos que usted will receive all the information you may desire. desee.
la
EL PORVENIR
of the national press, and has a very extensivo circulatiou throughout the world, being one of the best organs for the
CARTAGENA
Administrador:
S.
OIL
REFINING
CO.
Martnez C.
Refinera fundada en 1909 por los seores Diego Martnez y Co. y que luego pas a ser compaa annima con capital todo colombiano. Produce lo siguiente: alquitrn, aguarrs, aceites cotrientes, aceites refinados, bencina, coke, fuel oil, gasolina, kerosene, lubricantes corrientes y filtrados, parafina, spindle, vaselina, etc., que se consume dentro y fuera del pas. Tiene una junta directiva compuesta por los seores Diego Martnez C, Carlos del Castillo,
S. Martnez C, Administrator A refinery founded in 1909 by Diego Martnez and Company, and afterwards made a stock company with exeluIt produces the following: tar, sively Colombian capital.
Eafael de Zubira,
Espriella.
Como
linieo
el
desde su fundacin
benzine, coke, fuel filtered lubricants, All these products parafine, spindle, vaseline, etc., etc. The company has a board are sold at home and abroad. of dii'ectors, the members of which are Messrs. Diego Martnez C, Carlos del Castillo, Eafael de Zubira, S. Martnez C, and Enrique de la Espriella. Since its foundaoils,
and
gerente
tion,
Mr.
S.
its
administrator.
ReP de COLOMBIAl
*^"="9=1SimplexStar,d8ra
287
DR.
MEDICINAS BENEFACTORAS
Jarabe Anti-tsico.
J.
M.
FUENTES
L.
Cartagena, Colombia
HELPFUL MEDICINES
Antituberculab Stbup
Remedio cientficamente preparado y que lia dado resultados extraordinarios obrando muy eficazmente contra las enfermedades de los pulmones, bronquios, resfriados,
dolores menstniales
los
mente
la tosferina, gripa,
A scientifically prepared medicine which has given extraordinary results, being very effective for lung and bronchial diseases, colds, menstrual pains and those following childbirth the only cure for whooping cough, grip, asthma, and croup. Suceess guaranteed. It is all
;
asma, ahogo en los nios, garantizando el xito, es compuesto solamente de vegetales completamente
composed
harmless
of
entirely
and
vegetables,
no contiene opio, codena, bromoformo, morfina ni ningn otro calmante como lo afirman los exmenes qumicos hechos en Cartagena por el
inofensivos,
made
in
Carta-
notable qumico doctor Trincheiro, y el hecho en el Laboratorio Departamental de Medelln, ordenado por el doctor Juan B. DeLondoo, Director partamental de Higiene de Medelln.
partmental Laboratory of
Medelln.
de-
It is extensive-
Pomada
Ma/ravillosa.
the
remedy for
pustules,
sores,
mouth
and,
boils,
ring-worm,
pimples,
stains,
blackheads,
smallpox marks, as well as stains and sears left by Always order Pomada Maravillosa de Fuentes (Fuentes' Wonder ful O intment). Its trade-mark is registered, but there are imitations.
this
disease.
hay
falsificaciones..
Indian Specipic
Uneqxialled preparation; a AVhere used, pain cannot exist.
Especfica Indio.
benefactor
It
is,
of
mankind.
Inmejorable preparado y benefactor de la humanidad, no puede existir dolor donde se use esta poderosa medicina pues como remedio interno y externo es lo mejor que se conoce para reumatismo tanto agudo como crnico, clicos, neuralgias, mordeduras de animales ponzoosos; curativo y profilctico de la viruela, dengnie, enfermedades del estmago, puesto que es un excelente aperitivo y fortificante y tnico, fiebres amarilla y paldicas, es el rival de la quinina; siempre vencedor, su poder curativo se siente inmediatamente.
Pildoras wnti-anmicas.
both as an internal
and external medicine, the best cure known for rheumatism, whether acute or chronic, colic, neuralgia, stings and bites from poisonous animis, a cure and prophylactic
against smallpox, grippe, stomach diseases
excellent appetizer, bracer
for
it
is
an
and tonic
malaria.
effects are
immediately
felt.
AnTIANEMIC PUjLS
Preparadas cientficamente a la base de hemoglobina y manganeso, unidos a reconstituyentes poderosos del sistema general, excelentes para la anemia clorosis, malas y nulas
menstruaciones, colores plidos, dan un lindo color rosado a las mejillas, puesto que coloran y robustecen los glbulos sanguneos, como pocas preparaciones.
Scientifically prepared, using as a basis hemoglobin and manganese, to which are added powerful builders of the whole bodj^ Excellent for anemia, chlorosis, poor or no
menstruation, and paleness. It gives to the cheeks a healthy rosy color, for it strengthens and colors the blood corpuscles as few other preparations do.
288
M. A. WALTERS
las fbricas
Proprietor of the Hotel Internacional of Cartagena of the Walters Ice and Soda-Water Plants.
and
DR. RAL
BERNETT Y CORDOVA
Bolvar
Born
in Cartagena, Colombia,
53 Plaza de
Naci en Cartagena, Colombia, el 15 de enero de 1893, sus padres don Venancio Bernett A. y doa Martina Crdova de Bernett. Comenz sus estudios en su tierra natal en el Colegio de Heredia y la Universidad de Bolvar, recibiendo de la ltima el grado de bachiller en filosofa y letras los quince aos de edad. Parti luego los Estados Unidos en 1910 y en el ao de 1914 recibi de la Universidad de Pensilvania el grado de doctor en medicina y ciruga. Durante su estada en Filadelfia fu miembro de
Cartagena, Colombia
January
15, 1893,
son of
Don Venancio Bernett A. and Doa Martina Crdova. He began his studies in his nativo citj^ in the Colegio de
Heredia and the University of Bolvar, from the latter of which he received, when fifteen years of age, the degree He left for of Baehelor of Philosophy and Literature. the United States in 1910, and in 1914 was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania as a Doctor of Medicine and Surgery. During his residenee in Philadelphia he was a member of the Still Medical Society and of the Bassini Surgical Society, president of the Unin Latina (Latn Union) and secretary of the Cosmopolitan Club. After graduation, Dr. Bernett y Crdova practiced for two years in New York and Pittsburgh hospitals, and in 1916 passed with high honors the State Board examination for the license to practice medicine and surgery in the United States. In October of the same year he married in Pittsburgh a young lady highly esteemed in the society of that
city.
Mdica Still, de la Sociedad Quirrgica presidente de la Unin Latina y secretario del Club Cosmopolita. El doctor Bernett y Crdova despus de graduado practic por dos aos en los hospitales de Nueva York y Pittsburgh, tomando y pasando con altas calificaciones en enero de 1916 el examen oficial, State Board, que le autoriza la prctica de la medicina y la ciruga en los Estados Unidos. En octubre del mismo ao, 1916, contrajo matrimonio en la ciudad de Pittsburgh con una distinguida joven de esa
la
Sociedad
Bassini,
sociedad.
El doctor Bernett y Crdova ha sido muy bien acogido entre sus conterrneos, pues a pesar de no contar ms de un ao de prctica profesional ha sido electo miembro de la Sociedad de Medicina y Ciencias Naturales de Bolvar. Ocup el puesto de mdico legista del departamento y recientemente ha sido nombrado profesor de anatoma, tercer ao, y del curso de enfermedades tropicales en la UniTiene su oficina equipada moversidad de Cartagena. dernamente con un laboratorio qumico-bacteriolgico anexo a sta, y se dedica con especial inters la ciruga abdominal y la. ginecologa.
289
var Society of Medicine and Natural Sciences. He held the position of legal physician of the Department, and recently he has been appointed professor of anatomy (third year) and of tropical diseases at the University of CartaHis office is modernly equipped, and to it is angena. nexed a chemico-bacteriological laborato^\^ He has specialized in gynecology and abdominal surgery.
"LA PALMA"
Fbrica a vapor de Jabones y Aceite de Coco de propiedad del seor don Donaldo F. Villarreal.
Cartagena, Colombia.
Direccin telegrfica:
Proprietor,
' : '
Don Donaldo
'
Telegraph
Lapalma.
"Lapalma. "
The products of
and
this factory
compare favorably, as
to both quality
The
tranjera. Las diferentes clases de jabn son elaboradas por un experto euroempleando en ellas materias primas de superior calidad. El peo
by a European expert, oil is iiiade by niodern methods and machinery, which Mr. Villarreal was
Cocoanut
is
modernos y de coco se hace utilizando mtodos enteramente maquinarias que el seor Villarreal ha sido el primero en traer al pas. No obstante que la produccin de esta fbrica tiene lugar en orando escala, es tanta la demanda que hay de sus artculos, que proapenas pueden ser atendidos los pedidos que se le hacen. Su muy poco tiempo, pietario piensa ensanchar la fbrica dentro de la produccin de aceite en el sentido de usar
aceite
on a very large
have so great a demand, that the works can hardly meet the
orders.
to extend the
ampliando, adems,
otras materias primas vegetales. muestras y Los negociantes en estos artculos que deseen recibir Villarreal, quien atiende estas cotizaciones, pueden dirigirse al seor solicitudes, de modo gratuito.
Dealers in
tions
tliese
artieles
who wish
to receive
may
who
Fundada
haciendo
esta
fbrica
en
la
1899,
ha venido
Founded
mak-
marca registrada "Legitimidad," con picadura de la Habana, la misma que usan Henry Clay and Bock & Co.
cigarrillos
con
Havana
Ltd., in their
"La
Legitimi-
"La
Legitimidad."
dad"
cigarettes.
Tambin elabora
pas,
tes,
It also makes cigarettes with native tobceo from the best plantations. They are of the current type and are ealled "Centenario" by the firm, which, besides, manufactures filament cigarettes, known as "Legitimidad Compuestos," with or without cork tips. They are the best in
Son
los
mejores de Colombia.
Colombia.
Wholesale Druggists
Cartagena, Colombia
Cartagena, Colombia
n. L. Eomn
Hijos
H. L.
Ramn
Hijos
Rafael Rodrguez B.
Rafael Rodrguez B.
Bustamante Hermanos
Bustamante Hermanes
A.
Casa fundada en 1894. Socios: Amin Meluk y Tufik Meluk. Eesideneias: Cartagena, Departamento de Bolvar, y QuiBD, Intendencia Nacional del Choc, Colombia. Comerciantes. Importadores de telas, vveres, ferreteExportadores de platino, oro, caucho e ipecara, etc.
cuana. Propietarios de una de las mejores siembras de caucho del pas, en su finca llamada El Progreso, cerca de Baud, Intendencia Nacional del Choc, cuyos productos fueron premiados con Diploma de Primera Clase y la nica Medalla de Oro para la agricultura en la exposicin de Cartagena, 1916. Criadores de ganados y dueos de grandes terrenos, magnficamente situados cerca de Cartagena, propios para toda clase de cultivos y para cra de ganados, terrenos en los cuales hay yacimientos de petrleo. Propietarios de minas de oro en la regin
&
T.
MELUK
Founded
Meluk.
Offices: Cartagena, Department of Bolvar, Colombia; and Quibd, Intendencia No. 1 del Choc, Colombia.
stuffs,
in 1894.
Partners:
Tufik
General merchants, importers of textile fabrics, food hardware, etc., etc. Exporters of platinum, gold,
rubber, and ipecac. Owners of the best rubber plantation in the country, known as El Progreso and loeated near Baud, National Intendancy of Choc. The products of this plantation received a first-class certificate and the only gold medal awarded by the 1916 Cartagena Agrieultural Expositiou. The firm is likewise engaged in eattle raising, and owns excellent lands near Cartagena, adapted to all kinds of eultivation and eattle raising. These lands contain several oil deposits.
The
Choc.
firm
in
of
ms
290
Doctor Francisco Padrn was born in Ceret, an importown of the Department of Bolvar, in the year 1871.
He
y ciruga, obteniendo el doctorado en 1892 a los veintin aos y despus de una actuacin brillante en los claustros escolares. Dedicado desde muy joven a las luchas polticas, conquist triunfos merecidos en el periodismo bolivarense, y en El Progreso y El Patriota, peridicos que redact con bros y entusiasmo, sirvi desinteresadamente a los intereses de su partido. A los pocos meses de haber coronado la carrera mdica sus correligionarios lo llevaron a la asamblea del Departamento de Bolvar, donde se distingui por su palabra fcil y su temperamento sereno. La ardorosa agitacin que en esos tiempos imperaba en Colombia no desvi nn solo momento el criterio ecunime y conciliador del joven diputado, y lejos de incrustarse en el terreno sectario, se mantuvo siempre alejado sin dejarse arrastrar por las pasiones Desde entonces coninsanas de una poltica mezquina. quist en el mencionado departamento una slida posicin que le ha permitido ocupar frecuentemente el silln de diputado sin menoscabo para la regin que le ha tocado
dios de medicina
took a course in literature and philosophy in the ColeEsperanza in Cartagena de Indias; and in the universidad de Fernndez de Madrid, in the same city, he made his studies of medicine and surgery, obtaining the doctrate in 1892 in his twenty-first year, after brilliant
gio de la
vvork.
the time of his youth he dedieated himself to polititriumphs in the Bolivian newspaper world, and in "El Progreso" and "El Patriota," nevfspapers which he edited with ambition and enthusiasm, serving his party disinterestedly.
cal struggles, obtained merited
From
few months after completing his medical studies his him to the Assembly of the Department of Bolvar, where he distinguished himself for his fluent The fiery agitation language and serene temperament. which in those times reigned in Colombia did not disturb for one moment the calm criteriou and conciliating policy of the young deputy, and far from entering into the seceoreligionists sent
representar.
tarian field he always held aloof, without letting himself be carried along by the insane passions of intolerant politics. Since then he has occupied a high political position in that department, which has permitted him to fill frequently the deputy 's ehair, without loss for the regin which he has been ealled upon to represent.
ao de 1903, cuando la desmembracin de Panani, en compaa de los doctores Eloy Pareja y Demetrio A. Dvila, form la comisin de paz que envi el gobernador de Bolvar al Istmo, a entenderse con los rebeldes. Acompa tambin en esa misma poca y slo por exigencias de amistad, al doctor Jos Francisco Insignares S., en la gobernacin del antiguo Departamento de Bolvar como secretario de gobierno, separndose a los tres meses, sin haber querido aceptar hasta la fecha, ningn otro puesto
el
En
In the year 1903, at the time of the secession of Panam, in the company of Doctox-s Eloy Pareja and Demetrio A. Dvila, he formed the Peace Commission which the governor of Bolvar sent to the Isthmus, to treat with the rebels. He also aecompanied Doctor Jos Francisco Insignares at that time, and only from friendship, in the former's gov-
pblico.
lo trajo a la Cdistinguirse desde el primer instante por su trabajo asiduo en pro del terruo y de los altos y trascendentales problemas del pas. Como una recompensa a estos esfuerzos y desvelos la opinin popular volvi a otorgarle sus sufragios y en las legislaturas de 1915 y 1916 ha sido el abanderado de muchas leyes verdaderamente impulsoras del desenvolvimiento econmico de la nacin colombiana. La ley sobre explotacin petrolfera las packing-houses y las vas de comunicacin terrestres y fluviales han tenido en l un campen infatigable. Los problemas vitales de la costa Atlntica le han preocupado de modo intenso y ha sabido ser su gran sostenedor.
En
1911
el
ernment of Bolvar as Seeretary of Government, resigning at the end of three months, and has not wished to aecept any other public post up to the present date. In 1911 the vote of his fellow-citizens brought him to the House of Representatives, where he succeeded in distinguishing himself from the first instant by his assiduous work in defense of the territory and on the transcendent problems of the country. As a recompense for these efforts and vigilance the popular opinin returned to authorize him with their votes and in the legislatures of 1915 and 1916 he has been the propagator of many laws really in favor of the economic development of the Colombian nation. The law regarding the petroleum exploitation, the packing-houses and the ways of terrestrial and fluvial communication have had an indefatigable champion in him. The vital poblems of the Atlantic Coast have occupied his attention in an intense manner and he has been
their great supporter. On opening the Legislature of 1916 and on making the first election of dignitaries, he was elected vice-president of Congress, a distinction which manifests the intrinsic merits which adorn this public man, aloof from the prejudices of factions, which so many times preval in incipient
Al iniciarse la legislatura de 1916 y hacerse la primera eleccin de dignatarios fu elegido vicepresidente de la Cmara, distincin que pone de manifiesto los mritos intrnsecos que adornan a este hombre pblico, extrao a los prejuicios banderizos, que tantos voceros tienen en las incipientes democracias.
agrcolas, sirve a su causa por entraable conviccin, diferencindose as del Homo politicient maquiavlico que vive a la expectativa
democracies.
Entregado a
Devoted to industrial and agricultural work, he Crves from a firm conviction, thus differentiating himself from the Hamo politicient of Maehiavelli, who lives
his cause
political
La hora de renovacin saludable que atraviesan las repblicas de la Amrica intertropical, cuando el caudillaje principia a esfumarse y los cimientos de una vida eminentemente cvica comienzan, requiere en el personal directivo de ciudadanos de accin generosa y desprendimiento absoluto que impulsen el desarrollo progresivo de estas nacientes nacionalidades en un sentido altamente pTctico por lo
patritico
In the hour of healthy renovation which will preside over the Republics of Intertropical America, when nobility begins to predomnate and the foundations of an eminently civic life eommence, the directing personnel will require eitizens of a generous inclination and absolute aloofness that will propgate the progi'cssive development of these nascent nationalities in a highly practical sense by being
patriotic
y elevado.
291
and elevated.
DON
Este
dor,
JOS
DE JESS PREZ
er,
laborioso
los
trabaja-
uno de
hombres
ms
men
was
mismo
nombre
donde
nas of the same ame, likewise center of the eattle industry of Colombia.
Fueron sus padres don Manuel Antonio Prez y de Badel doa Isabel
Prez quienes inculcaron en l el credo de la bondad
His parents D. Manuel Antonio Prez and Doa Isabel Badel de Prez sowed in his heart the love
of
Acostumbrado
desde
work and
religious prin-
muy joven al trabajo, su carcter se ha templado en las rudas fatigas de las labores agrcolas y ganaderas y a las variaciones e inclemencias de la naturaleza, haciendo de l un hombre noble y franco, al propio tiempo que inflexible en el cumplimiento de sus
deberes.
cipies.
Accustomed since his early youth to work, his character had been tempered by hard labors in the agricultural and eattle industry, making a man of noble ambitions and straight judgment out of this son of the soil.
Terminada
orillas del ro
la ltima
San Jorge por espacio de varios aos, hasta lograr fundar una de las mejores fincas ganaderas que existen en esa regin, y que hoy se llama Nerlandia.
At the end of the last civil war in 1903 he spent several years on the banks of the San Jorge river with the purpose of establishing a large eattle farm, whieh exists in
that regin
Adems de la hacienda nrencionada anteriormente, posee_ el seor Prez otras varias fincas tambin dedicadas a la industria pecuaria.
known
as the Nerlandia.
ao de 1881 contrajo matrimonio en la ciudad de Corozal con doa Cristina Vivero, matrimonio del cual ha habido once hijos. Don Jos de Jess Prez, ha estado siempre alejado de la poltica y su casa es un modelo del hogar feliz y tanto l como su seora inculcan a sus hijos el cumplimiento de todos sus deberes sociales y religiosos, al tiempo que les proporcionan una educacin e instruccin esmerada, que hace de ellos seres tiles asimismo, a la patria y a la socie-
En
el
In the year 1881 he married in Corozal Miss Cristina Vivero, a unin blessed by eleven children.
Don
and
his
Jos de Jess Prez has never taken part in polities home is a model of married life, as he has likewise
succeeded in instilling in his children the same patriotie vs'hich have always distinguished
dad.
292
DR.
El doctor Mercado
es
MANUEL
A.
MERCADO
uno de los abogados ms disel Departamento de Bolvar. Naci en Chin el 17 de enero de 1874 y sus padres fueron don Manuel Mercado y doa Magdalena Antonia Guerra de Mercado. Desde muy joven fu a Bogot e hizo sus estudios en el
tinguidos con que cuenta
el ttulo
Su
tesis
Dr. Mercado is one of the distinguished lawyers of the Department of Bolvar. He was born in Chin on the 18th of Januaiy, 1874, and bis parents were D. Manuel Mercado and Doa Magdalena Antonia Guerra de Mercado. In his youth he went to Bogot, the capital of Colombia. There he studied law until he received his diploma. His thesis to obtain same was Responsahilidad Presidencial
(Presidential Responsibility). After his graduation he returned to his native department and practised law in all its phases with remarkable success. He was elected permanent president of the Municipal Council of Chin senator of the Republic in the Conprincipal member of the first gress convened in 1909 Legislative Commission of Colombia in 1910, and member
; ;
and the Province of Chin. Dr. Mercado speaks Freneh, English, and Spanish fluently is owner of a large eleetric plant in Chin, of the cattle farms Miln and Caracoli in the District of Chin, and of the farm El Dorado on the banks of the San Jorge
;
river.
Dr. Mercado created the Province of Chin and succeeded in einnuUing a decree which was going to abolish
said province, assisted the lamented General Uribe Uribe
in his
famous
Manuel A. Mercado
vers
sobre
Responsabilidad
Presidencial.
Despus
de
y por
su constancia
y los diversos negocios que ha ventilado con han obligado a ejercer su profesin en los Departamentos de Bolvar y Atlntico.
gran
xito, lo
Ha
Chin; Senador de
en
el
Congreso de 1909,
miembro principal de la primera comisin legislativa de Colombia en 1910 y miembro de los directorios liberales del Departamento de Bolvar y de la Provincia del Chin. El doctor Mercado habla correctamente el castellano,
francs e ingls; es propietario de la planta elctrica del
jurisdiccin del municipio de
del ro
San Jorge.
El doctor Mercado cre la Provincia del Chin y demand y obtuvo la nulidad de la ordenanza que elimin
el Departacomandancia del General Rafael Uribe Uribe de quien fu su secretario en la famosa salida de Lorica, y asisti a los combates de Corozal, Sampus, Chinii, Cinaga de Oro, Palmito y otros ms. Fu colaborador del Autonomista, El Telegrama y Civi-
campaa en 1900 en
mento de Bolvar en
la
Abraham Mercado
He
La
active
lizacin, peridicos
que
;
se
editaban en Bogot, y en
el
Por-
fu fundador y director de El Trabajo y El Industrial, peridicos que se editaban en Chin. Su hermano el doctor Abraham Mercado es socio prinvenir de Cartagena
cipal de la
them edited in Bogot, and also took part in El Porvenir of Cartagena; he was the founder and dii'ector of El Trabajo and El industrial,
Civilizacin, all of
mente
es presidente del
His brother, Dr. Abraham Mercado, is a partner in a law agency established in Chin, and holds the position of president in the Municipal Council of Chin.
partment of Bolvar.
Importers
and exporters.
store,
Owners of the
its
"Tango"
famous for
silks,
stocks
of
etc.,
dry goods,
Hardware.
Glassware.
Foodstuffs.
Buying and
selliug of
home
articles, sucli as
Buyers of gold
dust.
de
Chin,
en
donde tiene establecidos sus negocios desde Ha dedicado tambin sus el ao de 1908. energas a la banca y a la ganadera. Aunque enemigo de mezclarse en las
luchas polticas, el seor Vlez fu favorecido por el voto popular en las elecciones para diputados de Bolvar en el ao de
1913.
Prominent merchant of Chin, where he has established his seat of business sinee 1908. He has devoted his energies likewise to banking business and cattle raising.
Although not fond of politics, Mr. Vlez was favored by being elected raember of the Assembly of the Department of Bolvar in
1913.
Su labor en aquel cuei-po como representante del pueblo por la circunscripcin del Chin fu labor de inteligencia, de honradez y de patriotismo. Chin, Departamento de Bolvar, Colombia.
^^
head of
eral
of
is
the
people
of
the
seetiou
of
Chin
bia.
worthy of
all praise.
M.
in 1885 in the city of Corozal.
House founded
Exporter of tobceo and hides. Devoted to the cattle industry on a large seale, and owner of several farms with over 10,000 head of cattle on his farms denominated El Zapote, Villanueva, Pichiln, Las Bocas, El Totumo, Membrillal, Mosquito, Caito, and Vilona, this last one on the banks of the San Jorge river, with a capacity of over 5000
cattle.
He
carries on also
bank operations.
V.
Department of
294
SINCELEJO
Palacio Municipal
Municipal B^ding
CoinmGlrc^,S^reet
Distrito cabecera de la provincia del mismo nombre, en el Departamento de Bolvar. Est ventajosamente situado en el centro de la afamada regin de Sabanas, entre O y 1 grados de longitud occidental y 9 y 10 grados de latitud norte, sobre una colina de la Sierra de Flor, a 229 metros sobre el nivel del mar, con una temperatura media de 28 grados y un clima bastante benigno y suave. En sus orgenes fu un insignificante pueblo de indios. Hoy, despus de Cartagena, es la primera ciudad del departamento desde todo punto de vista. Tiene 15,000 habitantes y cuenta con buenos planteles de enseanza, una fbrica de baldosas, varias de ladrillos, de licores y de bebidas gaseosas, una planta elctrica, un cinematgrafo permanente, dos imprentas, varios peridicos, magnficos edificios pblicos y privados, no pocas casas de comercio im-
Capital of the Province of Sincelejo, in the Department of Bolvar. It is advantageously situated in the faraous regin of Sabanas, between longitudes 0 and 1 W. and latitudes 9 and 10 N., on a hill of Sierra de Flor, 229 meters above sea level. Its average temperature is 28 C, and its climate is mild and healthful. In its origin
portadoras y exportadoras y un acreditado y respetable establecimiento Ijancario de giro y descuento. Su volumen comercial es muy apreciable.-y su riqueza pecuaria excepcionalmente cuantiosa. El monto de sus importaciones y exportaciones alcanza no baja de medio milln el nmero de cabezas de ganado vacuno cifras bien altas. de sus haciendas. Sincelejo tiene tambin una considerable importancia agrcola. Produce, en abundancia, tabaco, caa de azcar, maz, y diversas clases de tubrculos alimenticios. A este respecto es un granero inagotable. Abastece de vveres y comestibles a todos los pueblos de la comarca en 10 o 15 leguas a la redonda. Por la capacidad de sus rentas, Sincelejo ocupa lugar muy visible. Su presupuesto de rentas y gastos municipales, perfectamente equilibrado, es de S15,85-4. Los impuestos de tabaco, de degello, de destilacin de licores y derecho de registro, que el departamento hace efectivos dentro de la jurisdiccin del municipio, montan, poco ms, poco por la venta de papel sellado y estampillas de timbre menos, a $2000 mensuales. nacional recibe la nacin una suma nada despreciable. Si en el pas se implantara la autonoma municipal, Sincelejo podra, con sus propios recursos, sanear y dotar a la poblacin de un buen servicio de aguas, mejorar, con eficiencia, las vas que la ponen en comunicacin con los pueblos circunvecinos, con el mar y con los ros Sin y Magdalena. En una palabra: atender a todas y cadauna de sus necesidades de pueblo En algunos de los distritos que integran la provincia existen fuentes de aguas civilizado. medicinales, fras y termales, y ricos yacimientos de carbn de piedra, yeso, ocre y otros minerales. Y en los alrededores de la poblacin fu descubierta, hace pocos aos, por los tcnicos que estudiaron la va que la une con el puerto martimo de Tol, una cantera de mrmol blanco. Sincelejo, a ms de su positiva significacin poltica y comercial, es la ciudad hospitalaria por excelencia, y a la vez un pueblo de intelectuales. Sus hijos han contribuido siempre a darle lustre a las ciencias, las artes y las letras. En resumen: Sincelejo es una ciudad de porvenir, un campo propicio al capital extranjero.
was an insignificant Indian settlement. Today it is, next to Cartagena, in all refirst city in the department. It has a population of 15,000, good educational institutions, a paving-block factory, several brick, liquor and soda-water works, an electric plant, a permanent cinematograph theatre, two printeries, several newspapers, magnificent public and prvate buldings, several mporting and exporting houees, and a reliable banking establishment that sells and discounts drafts. Its commerce is very considerable, and its cattle industry exceptionally large. Its imports and exports amount to very high figures, and in its cattle ranches there are no less than half a milUon head. Agriculturally, Sincelejo is of considerable importance. It produces in abundance tobceo, sugar cae, corn and several kinds of edible tubers. It is an almost inexhaustible granary. It supplies with foodstuffs all the neighboring towns to a distance of between 10 and 15 leagues. Its high revenues give Sincelejo a very important position. Its budget for municipal
it
spects the
revenue and expenses, perfectly balanced, amounts to 815,854. The tobceo, slaughterhouse, iiquor-distiUery and registration duties, collected by the department within the jurisdiction of the municipality, amount to about $2,000 per month. The stamped paper and postage staraps it sells yield to the republic a sum by no means negUgibleIf municipal autonomy were inaugurated in Colombia, Sincelejo could with its own resources establish a system of sanitation, provide itself with a good water-supply, and greatly improve the ways of communication that connect it with neighboring towns, the sea coast and the Since and Magdalena rivers; in short, it could attend to all its needs as a civized community. In some of the districts forming the province there are cold and hot medicinal springs and rich coal, gypsum, ocherand other mineral fields. A short time ago, the engineers who studied the road that leads from Sincelejo to the seaport of Tol discovered in the outskirts of the city a white-marble formation. Besides its undoubted political and commercial importance, Sincelejo is noted for its hospitality and the intellectual gifts of its people, among whom many have contributed to the development of science, art and literature. Summing up. Sincelejo is a city with a bright future, and a propitious field for foreign capital.
1
Camelln 11 de Noviembre
'f
->-''
Drive
of the
Eleventh of November
Plaza principal
Main Square
295
Jess Mara Vergara was born in Sincelejo, and his has been devoted to assiduous work, whieh has netted him a handsome fortune, as he is considered today Don Jess as the largest cattle raiser in that regin. Mara Vergara resides in Sincelejo and occupies a fine house, and owns fine farms and ranches for cattle raising in the regions of Punta de Llanes on the banks of the Sin river. These farms are called Tolerancia and Puerta Segunda. On these farms are raised about 1000 head of
Don
whole
life
cattle yearly.
Seor Vergara was educated at the college of Sincelejo under the charge of Don Jos ngel Anachuvis; he eooperated in the importation of the first ship which took cattle at Cispat. He has been member of the Municipal Council during several periods and an important factor
in the revolution of 1875 in the conservative party.
Seor Vergara
is
Doa Ana Varn, who left two Jr., and Doa Candelaria. Her son Jess Mara fir.st
Arango
talents.
Don
Jess Mara,
in Bogot,
United States,
and afterwards in a university in the where he distinguished himself for his clear
sesses, as
Seor Vergara deserves quite well the. fortune he poshe has always devoted every penny to the wel-
and
his country.
Digno hijo de dou Juan Jacinto Vergara y doa CandeTmara, es don Jess Mara Vergara, heredero de aquel amor al trabajo y de su devocin al deber con que se distingui don Juan Jacinto. Don Jess Mara Vergara naci en Sincelejo y su existencia la ha dedicado por entero al trabajo asiduo que le ha proporcionado una hermosa fortuna, pues l es quien produce casi la mayor cantidad de ganado que constituye la principal riqueza de Sabanas. Don Jess Mara Vergara, que reside en Sincelejo en su magnfica casa, posee las mejores fincas para la ceba de ganado en la regin de Punta de Llanes, a orillas del ro Sin y que se denomina Tolerancia y Puerta Segunda. En las referidas fincas se ceban anualmente mil novillos, los que da al comercio a
laria
diferentes negociantes de ganado. Fu educado en el Colegio de Sincelejo regentado por don Jos ngel Anachuvis como progresista fu uno de los que cooper a la venida del primer buque que tom ganado en Cispata ha sido miembro del Concejo Municipal en varias ocasiones, y fu factor importante en la revolucin de 1875 en las filas conservadoras. El seor Vergara es viudo de la distinguida matrona doa Ana Varn, matrimonio del cual le quedaron dos hijos: don Jess Mara, Jn. y doa Candelaria. Su hijo Jess Mara hizo sus primeros estudios en el Colegio de Arango, en Bogot, pasando luego a una universidad de los E. E. U. U. donde estudi con provecho y constancia. El seor Vergara bien merece la fortuna que posee, pues la ha hecho a fuerza de un trabajo inteligente y constante y porque hace de ella el uso debido en beneficio de su familia y con provecho tambin para la patria.
; ;
296
01''
COLOMBIA
ramn
c.
C.
This office is well equipped witli all modern comfort suitable for dental surgery. Dr. Ramn C. is not only an expert dentist but an artist as well.
He
is
es
aJid graduated as a doctor of dental surgery in the University of Bolvar, studying under the presdency of Dr. Constantino Pareja G. He is well acquainted with all modern progress in odontology and has received maiij' awards and diplomas from many dental societies, such as the Sociedad Dental Colombiana, Sociedad Pl-opagandista de Higiene Dental of BoHe is a member of the International got. Medical Society of Pars and has received likewise a diploma of corresponding member of the Odontologcal Society of Bolvar. He has published several professional studin reviews and newspapers in Colombia and abroad.
Madrid of Cartagena
At present he is secretary of the Provincial Board of Health, member of the Municipal Council of Sineelejo, and editor of La Democracia, as hs activities extend also to politcs, being a true defender of liberty and politeal
rights.
Born in Barranquilla and established in Sabanas (Sineelejo), he is better known there than n hs own cty. He has a dental deposit caterng to all dentists in that
regin.
Sineelejo,
Su
hijo
es
un
He is the owner of the cattle farm San Antonio in the Dstrict of Palmito, with a capacity for 800 head of cattle.
His oldest son Antonio Eduardo, although
still
joven que apenas est recibiendo instruccin y que a no dudarlo por la inteligencia y capacidad que manifiesta, con el tiempo ser el compaero de su padre en sus negocios.
Sineelejo.
a student,
is
his
worthy father.
Sineelejo.
Merchant, cattle raiser and liquor distUer, owning a large distllery, which is one of the
best in that regin, specializng n
Rum
Es-
Agua de Carona.
Born
n Sineelejo;
married Doa
Ana Rosa
hijos.
Hijo de don Julin Cumplido y doa Eustaca Lpez de Cumplido. Se educ en el colegio de don Andrs Valverde en Sineelejo. Propietario de varias fincas ixrbanas y ru-
Don Hermgenes' parents are Don Julin Cumplido and Doa Eustacia Lpez de CumHe was educated at the College of Don |ilido.
Andrs Valverde
in Sineelejo.
Owner
of several farms,
and considered a
wealthy man. Hs fortune has been the fruit of constant eudeavor and persistent toiling. 297
DON JULIO
Este aventajado hombro do negocios fund desde el ao de 1005, en Sincelejo, y por su propio esfuerzo, su casa de comercio, que es una de las mits acreditadas en dicha poblacin. Dedicse primero a la exportacin de tabaco y pieles, al comercio alemn y de los Estados Unidos; pero poco a poco ha ido ensanchando sus negocios y hoy explota la industria de aguardiente en gran escala. Despus de serios estudios hechos en los Estados Unidos y de importar una maquinaria completa, estableci una fbrica de bebidas gaseosas y de licores finos, de la que hoy se proveen todas las poblaciones circunvecinas por la excelente calidad del artculo y mdico precio. Como el seor Cerea no desmaya por el adelanto comeroiat de esta ciudad, ha iniciado y tiene en estudio el fomento de la industria azucarera, la que muy pronto llevar a termino. Adems de lo que dejamos dicho, don Julio C. Corena es tambin agricultor y ganadero y se ocupa al mismo tiempo en operaciones de Banca. Sincelejo, Departamento de Bolvar (Colombia).
C.
CORENA
Thia well known business man founded in the year 1905 in Sincelejo his business house, which is today one of the most successful houses in Sincelejo. He devoted himself first to
the exportation of tobceo and hides to Germn and American markets. But he has been extending his operations steadily, and now does business on a large scale.
After a series of frequent studies in the United States, he iraported a full equipment of machinerj' and established a plant for the preparation of gaseous drinks and fine liquors, which
have a largc consmnption not only in Sincelejo but in other surrounding towns.
Seor Corena
is
ment
of this city,
and
Don
Julio C.
cattle raiser,
Corena is also a well known agriculturist and and carries on some banking transactions.
of Bolvar,
Sincelejo,
Department
Colombia.
DON ARTURO
Haco catorce aos don Arturo Elas de Mussel,
Sincelejo
ELlAS
D. Arturo Elias, born in Mussel, Asiatic Turkey, settled in Sincelejo fourteen years ago, establishing
Turqua Asitica, se estableci en la ciudad de y mont dos establecimientos de cantina los que cuentan hoy con un abundante billares, y surtido de mercaderas tanto nacionales como extranjeras, constantemente renovadas y que vende al por mayor y al detal. Muy pronto logr el seor Elas atraerse una numerosa clientela y que hoy se surte a entera satisfaccin de cuanto necesita, como champaa, licores, latas de todas clases, conservas, frutas en svi jugo,
(,1c
two
fine barrooms with biUiard tables furnished and stocked with first class merchandise, which, being constantly renewed, he sells at wholesale and retail.
etc.
Factor importante en
ha" sido el fino trato con clientela. El seor Elas
el
tambin
la
es propietario
poblacin de Sincelejo, contndose entre ellas la magnfica casa donde tiene uno de sus establecimientos, denominada El Palacio de Cristal. En lo social la familia Elas goza de muchas simpatas entre sus convecinos y en unin de su esposa, la seora Mara Zureck, y de sus hijos Alfredo v Guillermo forman un hogar modelo de honradez y de
virtudes.
Mr. Elas had no trouble to make his straight known to the numerous patrons who flocked around him and today he is one of the largest caterers of all kinds of goods in that regin. Mr. Elias' business has grown steadily. He is not (mly a merchant but also the owner of several urban farms n the town of Sincelejo and owns likewise a fine residence where one of his business places is
business methods
situated
and
is
known by
is
the
ame
of El Palacio
Zureck, and their sons Alfredo and Guillermo constitute a model homo in every way.
his wife,
and
Madame Mara
Was born
He has always been fond of polities and literature. In 1907 he was banished by the government of General Reyes to the islands of San Andrs de Providencia, from where he escaped a
month
later.
edited several literary reviews in Managua and Panam, which favorably received. In 1909 he returned to Colombia and was given a position in the branch of tetegraphs and in the Finance Department in the ProWnce of Corozal. Lately he has been employed as a fiscal agent of the Province of Sincelejo, and at present is a member of the Assembly of the Department of Bolvar. Not many years ago Quintero was in very difficult circumatances; he had also the misfortune to lose his wife in 1916, which affected
He
were
him
greatly.
Quintero has today a first-elass establishment of tjTiography, considered as one of the best in the Department of Bolvar El Antjnciador. He is the chief manager of the house Quintero Hermanos, makers of the famous S.vgagn syrup. He edit a fine illustrated review issued weekly, cailed El Anunciador, which enjoya a large circulation. It has been published for over eight years. Mr. Quintero's slogan is: Success, and always success! Sincelejo, Department of Bolvar.
^Machinist
Born
Bu
This young
profession;
man has madc several inveutions relating to his among which may be mentioned an ant-killer which
is
has been used with great success in regions infested with ants.
This invention
countries and
tion
is
superior to
all
may compete
materias de armas de fuego ha formado varios modelos de carabinas de repeticin, las que han dado magnficos resultados.
En
He
whieh
Paternina posee la macnica por intuicin propia, pues no ha hecho estudios serios de ella, y a pesar de eso fabrica graffonos, timbres elctricos y otra infinidad de aparatos que sera largo enumerar aqu.
SincelejOi
Mr. Paternina
is
BOYACA
Uno de
repblica.
los catorce
departamentos en que
gloriosa
los
se divide la
el
Su nombre recuerda. la
espaoles
of the fourteen departments into which tlie republic divided. Its ame brings to memory the glorious battle of Boyac bridge, won over the Spaniards on August 7, 1819, and which sealed the independence of New Granada.
is
One
Boimdaries. On the north, Santander, Norte de Santander, and Venezuela; on the east, the Comisaras of Arauca and Vichada; on the south, Comisara of Vichada, Intendancy of Meta, and Department of Cundinamarca and on the west, the
;
Topographical Divisions. The territory is topographically divided into the regin of the high paramos of the Eastem Cordillera, the highest of which is the Sierra Nevada of Chita; the extensive basin of the Chicamocha river the vast slopes of the Cordillera of Sumapaz, and the watersheds of the Garagoa, Upa
;
and Magdalena
rivers.
Represa del
ro
Sogamoso
Sogamoso iv er
la
sell la
independencia de
Nueva
Lmites. Por el norte con Santander, Norte de Santander, y Venezuela; por el este, con los territorios de las
The department is traversed from south to north by the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. The central part of the Dam department is verj^ mountainous, and the eastern part is mostly level. The former part, which is the most thickly populated, coutains high paramos. fertile plateaus, and picturesque vallej'S; the other part consists of hot and damp savannas, extending as far as
Venezuela.
Comisaras de Arauca y Vichada de la Comisara del Vichada, la Intendencia del Meta y el Departamento de Cundinamarca y por el oeste, con los Departamentos de Cundinamarca y Antioquia.
Extensin. La extensin superficiaria de este departamento es de 863 mirimetros cuadrados.
por
el
Divisin Natural.
los altos liramos
El
terri-
de la Cordicoronada por la Sierra Nevada de Chita; la extensa hoya del ro Chicaraocha la gran falda de la cordillera de Sumapaz, y las vertientes de los ros Garagoa, Upa y Magdallera Oriental,
lena.
El departamento est atravesado de sur a norte por la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes colombianos el territorio se compone de dos zonas la montaosa
;
o del centro, la llana o del oriente la primera, que es la ms habitada, contiene izramos elevados, altiplanicies frtiles y 'valles pintorescos; y la segunda, sabanas ardientes y hmedas
;
299
que
se
ms de
Besides the extensive llanos of Casanare, the department has plains in the basins of the Surez, Chicamocha, Gara-
and Upa rivers. Its most important plateaus are those of Tunja, Chiquinquir, Sogamoso and Cocuy. The level central plateaus of Sorat, Tunja, Chibat, Siachoque and Toca formed in ancient times an ascending system of water deposits, as is evidenced by the almost imperceptible declivity between them, the partial marks of erosin on the hills surrounding them, the sedimentry character of the soil, and the boulders that can .still be observed. The chorographic commission headed by the geographer Agustn Codazzi estimated that the waters formerly enclosed in this regin extended over a length of SYo leagues, and a width of iy2. The Boj^ac plains are well adapted to the cultivation of eereals, garden vegetables, and pasture
goa,
grass.
Rivers. The territory of the department is well watered. The most important of its rivers is the Meta, which forms tlie boundary between the department and the national The foUowing territories of the Meta and the Vichada.
ai-e
more
than thirty others of smaller importance. Lagoons. The principal lagoon is that of Tota, situated at the foot of the western part of the Toquilla paramo, east of the Pesca depression, more than
2800 meters above sea-level, and 500 meters above the level of the highest part of the Iza valley. Its contents are about
It 3,600,000,000 cubic meters. has a length of 13 kilometers, and mximum M'idth of 8 kiloEighteen streams of meters. and many considerable size, smaller ones, empty into it. The Fquene lagoon or marsh is located not far from Chiquinquir it eovers nearly 5000 hektares, and is fed by the Lengua;
Carretera Central
saque, Tausa and Ubat rivers, which combined form the Juntas This lagoon measures 15 river. kilometers in length from south and is navigable north, to
Chicamocha, Saravita o Surez, Upa, Minero o Carare, Gravo, Cursiana, Pantanogrande, Lengup, Pauto, Casanare, y ms de treinta ros de segundo orden.
Lagunas y Cinagas. La principal es la de Tota, situada al pie occidental del pramo de Toquilla, al oriente de la
depresin de Pesca, a ms de 2800 metros sobre el nivel del mar y a 500 metros sobre el nivel de la parte ms alta del valle de Iza, con capacidad aproximada de tres mil seiscientos millones de metros cbicos, con 13 kilmetros de largo y ocho en su parte ms ancha; desaguan en ella diez y ocho arroyos de consideracin y otras miichas vertientes. Los pantanos o lagunas de Fquene, no lejos de Chiquinquir, con cerca de 5000 hectreas y alimentada por los ros Lenguasaque, Tausa y Ubat, reunidos en uno con el nombre de Juntas. Tiene de largo de sur a norte 1.5 mirimetros. Es navegable en toda su extensin, como la de Tota. La de Palagnia, de cerca de una legua cuadrada de extensin, en el territorio Vsquez. Lagunaverde cerca del Cocixy; las de Tecuquita, Ocov, Socha y otras muchas. Las capas sedimentosas que comprenden el territorio do
throughout, like that of Tota. Other important lagoons are Palagua, with an rea of nearly a square league, in the Vsquez territory Lagunaverde, near Cocuy and Tecuquita, Ocov, Socha, and many
; ;
others.
of
The sedimentary layers forming the soil of the Province Tundama, from Paipa to Sogamoso, are unmistakable proof that it was part of the system of ancient lakes in
;
the plateaus of the Eastern Cordillera. Climate. The climate is very varied on the plateaus of the cordillera it is cold; it is mild on the slopes of the same cordillera, and hot and damp in the ravines running between the mountains, in the valleys of the Chicamocha and Saravita rivers, and in the unhealthful regin of the
Magdalena.
Gold is found in Guateque, Cocuy, SomonUinerals. doco and Panna; silver, in Guateque, Leiva, Santa Rosa, Cocuy, Somondoco, and Guayat; copper, in Garagoa, Guateque, Leiva, Tunja, Gachantiv, Moniquir, Somondoco, Sogamoso and Cocuy argeutiferous lead, in Schica and Leiva; iron in Samae, Soat, Tui-mequ, Somondoco,
;
300
de Tundama, desde Paipa hasta Sogamoso, son prueba inequvoca de haber sido parte del sistema de los antiguos grandes lagos de la altiplanicie de la Cordillera
Oriental.
:
Clima. El clima es muy variado fro, en las altiplanicies de las cordilleras; templado, en las faldas de las mismas; clido y hmedo en los lugares encajonados entre serranas y en los valles del Chicamocha, el Saravita y la regin insalubre del Magdalena. Minerales. Oro se encuentra este mineral en Guateque, Cocuy, Somondoco y Pauna; plata: en Guateque, Leiva, Santa Rosa, Cocuy, Somondoco y Guayat cobre en Garagoa, Guateque, Leiva, Tunja, Gachantiv, Moniquir, Somondoco, Sogamoso y Cocuy; plomo argentfero: en
: ;
:
Schica y Leiva hierro en Samac, Soat, Turmequ, Somondoco, Leiva, Sogamoso, Moniquir y Cocuy rubes en Buenavista; carbn mineral: en Leiva, Sogamoso, Moniquir, Ramiriqu, Soeot, Cocuy, Soat, Turmequ, Somondoco, Ten y Samac yeso en Turmequ, Leiva, Sogamoso y Tuta en el departamento se encuentran cristales de yeso muy perfecto en sus terrenos aurferos es abundante el yeso fibroso, y el compacto tambin existe en muchas de localidades; azufre: en sus Leiva, Moniquir y Cocuy; asfalto: en Tuta, Turmequ y Toca; en esta ltima poblacin existe un yacimiento que se ha estado explotando por espacio de 15 aos y ha suministrado la mayor parte del material empleado en el pavimento de las calles de Bogot; alumbre: en Sogamoso y Cocuy; cal: en Sora, Samac y Leiva cinabrio en Cocuy y Soat; cristal de -.*' roca en sora alcaparrosa en Sogamoso; calcita rombodrica
;
:
Leiva, Sogamoso, Moniquir, and Cocuy; rubes in Buenavista; eoal in Leiva, Sogamoso, Moniquir, Ramiriqu, Soeot, Cocuy, Soat, Turmequ, Somondoco, Ten, and Samac; gypsum, in Turmequ, Leiva, Sogamoso and Tuta, very perfeet crystals being found in the department, whose gold-bearing fields abound with fibrous gypsum, while compact gypsum is found in several other localities; sulphur, in Leiva, Moniquir, and Cocuy asphaltum, in Tuta, Turmequ, and Toca, there being in the last-mentioned place a deposit that has been exploited for fifteen years and has supplied nearly all the material used for paving the streets of Bogot; alum, in Sogamoso and Cocuy; lime, in Sora, Samac, and Leiva cinnabar, in Cocuy and Soat rock crystal, in Sora copperas, in Sogamoso rhombohedral calcite in crystals of very various colors, in the form of Iceland spar and in hexagonal prisms, in Muzo; marble of most beautiful colors, in Sogamoso fine slate, in Sora glauberite, in Sogamoso; ferruginous rocks, in Sora; sulphurous water, in Viracach thermal springs, in Sotaquir and Paipa; galena, in Soat; dolomitic limestone, in Moniquir emeralds, many varieties of calcite, parisite, etc., in Muzo petroleum, in Guaicaramo, which is the limit of the
; ;
m>s^
.:1^0^
en cristales de varios colores y en forma de espato de Hislandia y en cristales exagonales: en Muzo; mrmol de colores bellsimos en Sogamoso pizarra fina: en Sora; sal Glauber: en Sogamoso piedras ferruginosas en Sora agua sulfurosa en Viracach; aguas termales: en Sotaquir y Paipa; galena: en Soat piedra caliza dolomtica en Moniquir; esmeraldas, calcitas, de gran variedad, parisita, etc. en Muzo petrleo en Carretera entre Duitama y Sogamoso Duitama-Sogamoso Wagn Road Guaicaramo, lmite de las tierras altas en la parte oriental del departamento son riqusimas lands of the eastern part of the department, the oil fields y estn sin explotar; contienen sus fuentes cerca del 60% yielding as much as 60 per cent of pur oil, although they de petrleo puro; Salinas: en Cocuy, Chita, Scama, Sohave not yet been much exploited; salt, in Cocuy, Chita,
: ; ; :
:^m.
mondoco, Tibirita, Manta, Pizarra, Mongua, Gmeza y Chmeza en la salina de Chita brota el agua a orillas del ro Casanare a una temperatura termal hasta de 60 grados centgrados. La salina tiene varias fuentes, de las cuales son principales las llamadas Pozogrande, Pozoazul, Pozobravo y El Palomo. La capacidad productora de la salina de Chita es suficiente para 2.3,000 arrobas por mes. Hay en esta seccin del Casanare varias otras fuentes saladas que brotan en el lecho mismo del ro si se cortara el ro arriba de esta parte, abriendo otra va en la roca, sera probablemente sta una de las salinas ms ricas de Sud-Amrica. La salina de Chita est en explotacin de cuenta del gobierno nacional. Esmeraldas. La mayor riqueza del territorio boyacense est representada en sus minas de esmeraldas de Muzo y Coscuez, de propiedad nacional; del ao de 1887 a 1904 fueron tituladas en el departamento las siguientes minas de esmeraldas Boyac, 1 Bi-iceo, 1 Buena.vista, ] Cal; ; : ; ; ;
Scama, Somondoco, Tibirita, Manta, Pizarra, Mongua, Gmeza and Chmeza. In the Chita salt mines, there is a hot spring on the banks of the Casanare river, having a tempei-ature of 60 C. In these mines there are several other springs, the principal ones being Pozogrande, Pozoazul, Pozobravo, and Palomo. The capacity of the Chita mines is 23,000 arrobas per month. In this regin of the Casanare river, there are other salt springs coming out of the bed of the river itself If the eourse of the river above this regin were changed, salt mines would probably be found that might prove the richest in South America. The Chita mines are vporked by the national government. Emeralds. The principal source of wealth of Boyac consists in the emerald mines of Muzo and Coscuez, which are national property. Between 1887 and 1904 titles for the following mines M^ere granted by the department: Boyac, 1 Briceo, ] Buenavista, 1 Caldas, 1 Cinaga,
;
301
1; Coper, 12; Cucait, 1; Garagoa, 1; Guateque, 1; Macanal, 6 Marip, 5 Moniquir, 1 ; Muzo, 37 Pauna, 2 Rquira, 3 Somondoco, 2 Sutamarehn, 3 Sutatensa, 2 Tinjac, 5. This gives a total of 90 mines, none of which, except that of Somondoco, is at present worked.
; ; ; ; ; ;
Agriculture and Manufactures.' The Department of Boyac is one of the most fertile in the republic. It yields in abundance all the producs of the torrid zone, in climates whose temperature vares between 15 and 30 C.
Agriculture supplies a great many articles of food, such as wheat, corn, potatoes, peas, beans, lentils, oats, linseed, anise, olives, cochineal, plantains, sugar-cane, cacao, yuca, sago, rice, cofee, peanuts, etc. Cotton is produced in several regions of the department, especially in Miraflores, Labranzagrande, Santa Ana, Moniquir, Zetaquir, Garagoa, Tenza, and Macanal. At present it is very much used in the Samac Textile Works. Tobacco is raised in Miraflores and Zetaquir genipap, in various places mulberry
; ;
trigo, maz, papas, arvejas, gai'banzos, fravena, linaza, ans, olivas de Leiva, cochinilla, pltanos, caa de azcar, cacao, yucas, man, sag, arroz, caf, etc. El algodn se pi'oduce en muchas de las comarcas frtiles de este departamento, muy especialmente
ticios,
a saber
soles, lentejas,
en Miraflores, Labranzagrande,
Santa Ana,
Moniquir,
;
Zetaquir, Garagoa, Tenza y Macanal. Actualmente tiene gran consumo en la Fbrica de Tejidos de Samac tabaco, en Miraflores j^ Zetaquir lana cuma, en varios lugares la morera, en Moniquir y en el valle de Tenza; la coca, sauce, cedro, encenillo, tuno, higiiern, estoraque, roble, guayacn, dividivi, brazil, mangle, ail, caucho, algarrobo, laurel y dtil, en la provincia del norte dtil, corozo, cedro, moral, grauadillo, en Labranzagrande tol, vainilla silvestre, raicilla, earaa, resinas, incienso, otoba, etc., en Casanare; maderas iitiles, en gran variedad, existen en todos los distritos del departamento. Las manufacturas consisten en frazadas, bayetas, imanas, mantas .y lienzos de algodn; vaquetas, badanas, cordobanes, sillas de montai', esteras de esparto, artculos de fiqie, loza, panela, azcar, mieles, etc. Hay en el departamento varios molinos harineros movidos por vapor. Ganadera. Los principales centros de ganadera son Sogamoso, Valle de Tenza, Cocuy, Chiquinquir, Chivata, Nuevo Coln, Paipa, Tuta y los gi'andes hatos del territorio de Casanare, que estn calculados en 100,000 cabezas. La cra de ovejas tiene grande importancia en el departa;
; ;
Moniquir and the Tenza valley; coca, willow, cedar, mangTOve, ndigo, rubber, carob, laurel, and date palms, in the Province of El Norte; date and nut palms, cedar, black mulberry, granadillo, in Labranzagrande wild vanilla, ipecac, incens and other resins, tolu, nutmeg, etc., in Ca.sanare. There are throughout the department useful woods of various kinds. The principal manufactured artitrees,
in
especially saddles;
many
There are in the department severa! flour milis operated by steam power; also, several sugar-cane milis, where a great deal of raw sugar and molasses is produced.
sisal articles, china, etc.
Cct'ttle Baising. The principal cattle regions are Sogamoso, Valle de Tenza, Cocuy, Chiquinquir, Chivata, Nuevo Coln, Paipa, Tuta, and the large pasture lands of the territory of Casanare, in which there are about 100,000 head of cattle. Sheep are also raised in considerable num:
bers.
Population.
According
to the
mento. Habitantes. La poblacin de Boyac es de 586,500, segn el censo de 1912, pertenecientes a la raza blanca, mestiza e
indgena. Rentas. La asamblea de 1915, para el perodo fiscal de 1 de mayo a 30 de abril de 1916, fij el monto de las rentas y el de los gastos as: monto de las rentas, $646,008.24; monto de los gastos, $419,407.97.
was 586,500
Eevenues. The 1915 Assembly voted the foUowing revenue and expense budget for the fiscal period from May 1 to April 30, 1916 total revenue $646,008.24 total expenses,
: ;
$419,407.97.
Vas de Comimicacin. Los caminos de Boyac son casi todos de heri'adura. Las principales vas carreteras son: Carretera Central del Norte, que tiene 250 kilmetros de va, de los cuales corresponden 98 a Cundinamarca. Esta carretera craza los pueblos de Usaqun, Tocancip, Gachancip, Chocont, Villa Pinzn, y pasa cerca de los de Cajic, Tunja, Paipa, Duitama, Santa Rosa, Sogamoso, Beln, Zipaquir, Sesquil, Sop, Suesca, Padua, y Turmequ. La Carretera del Carare, que comunicar los Departamentos de Boyac y Santander con el ro IMagdalena. El eje econmico de Boyac y Casanare, redentor de aquel departamento de la repblica, llamado a ser el primero en el pas, por sus innumerables condiciones de vida, es la carretera de Lagunaseca a Tmara, y el ro Pauto, navegable por vapor. La Carretera de Oriente, hacia los llanos de Casanare, pasando por Guateque, con rum bo al Meta, establecer la mnima distancia del centro del pas con el Orinoco. El camino de El Progi'eso entre las poblaciones de Miraflores, Ramiriqu, Berbeo, Zetaquir y Siachoque, tiene 25 leguas de extensin. Se abrir un camino para comunicar a Tunja con Medelln, por Chiquinquir y el costado occidental de la Cordillera de los Quinchas, atravesando el ro Magdalena hasta Nare o hasta Puerto Nio por medio de este camino el territorio Vsquez, que comprende la parte occidental de Boyac, desde el ro Minero hasta la margen del Magda;
Waifs of Communication. Nearly all the roads of the department are bridle roads. The principal wagn roads are the Central Wagn Road, having a length of 250 kilometers, of M'hich 98 belong to Cundinamarca. This road goes through the towns of Usaqun, Tocancip, Gachancip, Chocont, and Villa Pinzn, and near those of Cajic, Tunja, Paipa, Duitama, Santa Rosa, Sogamoso, Beln, Zipaquir, Sesquil, Sopo, Suesca, Padua, and Turmequ. The Carare Wagn Road will connect the departments of Boyac and Santander with the Magdalena river. The most important ways of transportation in Boyac and Casanare, and the ones that will enable that department to utilize its unrivaled potentialities, are the wagn road from Lagunaseca to Tnara and the Pauto river, which is navigable by steam boats. The Eastern Wagn Road, whicli leads to the Casanare llanos, going through Guateque, in
the direction of the Meta, will reduce to a mnimum the distance from the central part of the republic to the Oriaoco river. The El Progreso road, which connects the towns of Miraflores, Ramiriqu, Berbeo, Zotaquir and
25 leagues loug. be built to connect Tunja with Medelln by way of Chiqun and the western slope of the Quinchas Cordillera, erossing the Magdalena at Nare or Puerto Nio. With this road, the Vsquez territorj^, which comprises the western part of Boyac, from the Minero to the Magdalena
Siaehoque,
is
road
is to
302
y que est integrado casi en su totalidad por terrenos baldos, llegar a ser una comarca propicia para el desarrollo de las industrias, pues contiene terrenos frtiles,
abundantes aguas, varias salinas y riquezas minerales y
vegetales.
and which consists almost entirely of public lands, become an important industrial regin, as its soil is very fertile and well watered, and contains several salt and
rivers,
will
trnsito.
Ferrocarriles en Proyecto. Por ordenanza de la asamblea de 1915, se autoriz al gobernador del departamento para contratar la construccin de un ramal de ferrocarril que, empalmando con el que Cundinamarca construye en direccin a Guateque, atraviese las provincias de Neira y Oriente, y vaya a unirse con el que haya de unir a Tunja
el ro Magdalena. El ferrocarril de Barranca Bermeja tendr una longitud de 380 kilmetros, as distribuidos: de Bogot a Chiquinquir, 130 kilmetros, y de Chiquinquir a Barranca Ber-
con
metal deposits. Projected Bailroads. In 1915, the Assembly issued an ordinance authorizing the governor of the department to eontract for the construction of a branch railroad, wbich, connecting with that which Cundinamarca is constructing "towards Guateque, will traverse the provinces of Neira and Oriente, and continu as far as its junction with the railroad that is to connect Tunja with the Magdalena river. The Barraneabermeja railroad will have a length of 380 kilometers, distributed as foUows: frora Bogot to Chiquinquir, 130 kilometers, and from Chiquinquir to Barraneabermeja, 250 kilometers.
syndicate formed by the firms of Samper Brusb and Francisco Pineda Lpez has taken over the concessions granted by the governments of Cundinamarca and Boyac
for the construction of a railroad starting
meja, 250. Un Sindicato constituido por las firmas de los seores Samper Brush. y Francisco Pineda Lpez, ha tomado a su cargo las concesiones otorgadas por los gobiernos de Cundinamarca y Boyac, para construir un ferrocarril que, partiendo de Bogot, vaya a terminar en la ciudad de Soat. La lnea tendr dos ramales uno hacia el Guabio, en Cundinamarca, y el otro hacia Sogamoso, en Boyac. Estas lneas frreas, apenas en proyecto, liberarn a Boyac de su actual situacin fiscal y contribuirn a su
:
from Bogot
and ending
to
La Provincia de Tundama es la ms adelantada en cuanto a la difusin de la instruccin Funcionaron pblica, y la de Neira es la ms atrasada. en Boyac en 1915, 459 escuelas primarias pblicas, con asistencia de 28,025 alumnos. De estos son varones 18,081, y mujeres 9994. Funcionaron tambin en todo el departamento 48 escuelas primarias privadas, con asistencia de 705 alumnos. Hay ciento ochenta y cinco locales que pertenecen en propiedad a los municipios, y ciento cincuenta de propiedad particular. De stos, ciento veinticuatro apare,
Sogamoso in Boyac. These projected lines, if constructed, will greatly improve the financial situation of Boyac, and contribute to the general development of the department. Public Instruction. The Province of Tundama is the most advanced as regards public instruction, and the Province of Neira is the most backward. In 1915 there were in the department 459 primary schools, attended by 28,025 pupils, of which 18,081 were boys, and 9,994 were girls. There were also in the department 48 prvate primary There are 185 educational instischools, with 705 pupils. tutions belonging to prvate persons, 124 of which were donated for educational purposes. There are 27 prvate
liigh schools,
cen cedidos gratuitamente para uso de las escuelas. Existen veintisiete planteles de educacin secundaria privada, y dos oficiales. Boyac es uno de los departamentos de mayor riqueza inexplotada, pero, tal vez por circunstancias de orden poltico, es lo cierto que se halla en desventajosas condiciones pecuniarias y que la instruccin pblica primaria est en peor estado que en otro cualquiera de los departamentos colombianos, excepcin hecha de Cundinamarca, Huila y Magdalena, que le igualfin. El departamento de la repblica que mayor nmero de estudiantes tiene en Bogot, es el de Boyac.
and 2
official.
one of the departments containing the greatHowever, perhaps from est unexploited natural wealth. political causes, its financial condition is not good, and primary public instruction is in a worse state than in any of the other departments of the republic, with the exception
Boyac
is
Cundinamarca, Huila and Magdalena, where the conThis department sends to Bogot more students than any other department
of
in the republic.
303
TUNJA
El mircoles 6 de agosto de 1538, el Capitn Gonzalo Surez Rondn, comisionado por el Adelantado Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, hizo la fundacin de la ciudad de Tunja, en el mismo sitio en que se hallaba el Cercado del Zaque, que lo era entonces el jefe chibcha Quimuinchate-
On Wednesday, August 6, 1538, Captain Gonzalo Surez Rondn, commissioued by Governor (Adelantado) Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, founded the eity of Tunja on the site where the zaque (ehief) resided; the zaque at that time was the Chibcha chieftain Quimuinchatecha. This site was known as Hunza, from which the ame Tunja is derived.
Two
years
after
its
foundation,
Tunja was made a city by Emperor Charles V., and shortly afterwards all favors, exemptions and liberties enjoyed by Santa Pe were granted to it. With the title of eity, sha received a
eoat of arms. In 1550 the construetion of the eonvent of San Francisco, of which the church of the same ame formed part, was begun. The convent of Santo Domingo was founded in 1551 that of Santa Clara, in 1572 and that of La Concepcin, in 1599. The original building-s of these convents became the property of the civil government in 1863. Today, the respective religiois orders occupy other buildiugs of their own.
;
By a decree issued in 1822, General Santander, viee-president of the republie, established in this city the
since then has university. The normal school for young men was founded in 1872, in tlie od convent of La Concepcin and that for young women, in 1875. 7, 1890, the Workmen's Instituto was estabtoday as School of Arts and Trades (Escuela
been an
Tunja
el
nombre de Huuza,
del
On August
lished,
known
aos despus de fundada, Tunja obtuvo el ttulo de ciudad, concedido por el Emperador Carlos V, y poco tiempo despus le fueron otorgadas todas las mercedes, franquicias y libertades concedidas a Con el ttl^lo de ciudad, Santaf. recibi, adems, un escudo de anuas. El ao de 1550 se comenz a construir el convento de San Francisco, del cual haca parte la iglesia del mismo nombre. El de Santo Domingo El convento de se fund en 1551. Santa Slara fu establecido en 1572, y el de la Concepcin, en 1599. Los primitivos edificios de estos conventos, pasaron a ser propiedad del gobierno civil, desde el ao de 1863. Hoy ocupan otros, de propiedad de cada una de esas comunidades. Por decreto expedido el ao de 1822, el General Santander, vicepresidente de la repblica, estableci en esta ciudad el Colegio de Boyac, y desde entonces ha sido establecimiento universitario oficial. La escuela normal de institutores fu establecida en 1872, en el antiguo convento de La Concepcin, y la de institutoras, en 1875. El 7 de agosto de 1890 se inaugur el instituto de obreros, el cual funciona con el nombre de Escuela de Artes v Oficios.
Don
de Artes y Oficios). The penitentiary is one of the best buildings, and both on this account and on aecouut of its good administra-
304
>^
La penitenciara es uno de los mejores edificios, y tanto por esto, como por su constitucin administrativa, es quiz el mejor de su clase en la repblica. El tribunal superior fu establecido por disposicin de la ley 11 de 1825. La estatua del Libertador Bolvar se halla colocada en la plaza principal de la ciudad; el pedestal est formado de la piedra en que, segn tradicin histrica, estuvo el Libertador dictando sus rdenes en el combate del Puente de Boyac, el 7 de agosto de
1819.
tion, is
perhaps superior
to
Law
11 of 1825.
In the main plaza of the city there is a statue of the Liberator Bolvar. The pedestal is formed by the stone on which, according to tradition, he stood while giviug his
En
la catedral,
en la acera oriental; el palacio de gobierno, en la acera norte la casa municipal, en el costado sur, y en la esquina sudoeste, diagonal, el Colegio de Boyac. Hay dos imprentas pblicas la del departamento, que es oficial, y la de
; :
dicesis. Adems, hay otros establecimientos tipogrficos de propiedad particular. Funcionan seis establecimientos de educacin secundaria, que son: el Seminario Conciliar, el Colegio de
la
Funcionan otros estableRosario. cimientos privados, para instruccin primaria y secundaria. Por cuenta del municipio hay dos escuelas superiores, para varones y para nias. Hay tres parques pblicos: el de Bolvar, en la plaza principal; el de Coln, en San Francisco, y el de Prspero Pinzn, en la plazuela de las Nieves. bin la plazuela de San Laureano.
Existe tam-
Banco, denominado de Boyac, que se estableci en ao de 1903 y es de propiedad de una compaa annima. Recientemente se ha construido un teatro moderno de propiedad del municipio.
el
Un
orders in the battle of Boyac Bridge on August 7, 1819. On that square there are four impoitant buildings, namely the cathedral, on the eastern side; the palaee of goverumeut, on the northern side the town hall, on the southeru side; and the Boyac College, on the southeast crner. There are in Tunja two public printeries, one belonging to the departmeut, and one to the
;
idiocese.
There are besides several prvate typographical establishments. There are six institutions of secondary education; namely: the Conciliar Seminary (Seminario Conciliar), Boyac College, normal school for young men, normal school for young women, La Presentacin School, and the Rosario School. There are several prvate institutions for primary and secoudarj' instruetion. The munieipality has two high schools for young men and young ladies.
There are three parks in the city: that of Bolvar, in the main square; that of Coln, in San Franci.sco and that of Prspero Pinzn, in the Las Nieves plazuela. There is also another plazuela by the ame of San
;
Laureano.
in 190.3,
pany.
Of late a modern theatre has been constructed, which is the property of the munieipality. There are in the city three public bathing places. One of them is the
Carretera Central
Puente Grande (Large Fountain), on the north, vs^hich is a large spring of crystalline and cool water of excellent quality. The water for the baths is taken from a large uumber of jets used for the water supply of the city. There are two haudsome stone pools for bathing, and a very large one for washing clothes. This fountain, the use of which is auctioned off every j^ear, is one of the municipality's
sources of revenue.
on the east of the city is also a natural spring, although inferior to the one just mentioned. There are near it a pool for bathing and one for washing clothes. This fountain also is auctioned oif by the munieipality. Anotlier bathing place is El Jordn, which is prvate property and lies southeast of the city. It uses the water of the Gallinazo river, which is the origin of the Chicamocha
rive".
fairly large
Atraviesa la ciudad, de sur a norte, la Gran Carretera Central que la comunica con la capital de la repblica, en la cual hay constante trnsito de automviles y otros vehculos.
The present cemetery is of recent construction. It is and has several handsome stone monuments. The Grand Central Wagn Road traverses the city from
south to north, conuecting it with the capital of the republic. On it there is a constant traffic of automobiles
Tunja es una de las ciudades colombianas que registra mayor nmero de acontecimientos notables en la historia del pas. Es tambin la patria de muchos de los hombres pblicos que han dado lustre a la nacin en los anales de
su vida poltica. Dista de Bogot, capital de la repblica, 16 mirimetros. Es la capital del Departamento de Boyac y de la Provincia del Centro. Su clima es fro y sano. Abunda en vveres y en manufacturas.
city
many
public
men
the capiof the Department of Boyac and of the Province of El Centro. Its elimate is cold and healthful. It abounds with foodstufEs, and there are in it a great many factories.
tal
who have given luster to the political life of the The city is 16 mja-iameters from Bogot. It is
republic.
Obando
Comerciantes,
bia.
G.
Hermanos.
General Merchants, Agents and Commission Mereliants. Boyac, Colombia.
Agentes y comisionistas.
Duitama,
Tobin y. Moreno.
Surtido permanente y renovado de mercancas franltimos estilos en telas de lana. inglesas y americanas. Sogamoso, Licores, rancho, cristalera, tiles de escritorio, etc.
Comerciantes.
cesas,
Merchants. Permanent assortment and renewal of French, English, and American mercliandise. Latest styles in woolen fabries, liquors, food, alassTvare, Tvriting materials, etc. Sogamoso, Colombia.
Colombia.
Juan Surez E.
Importador de los ms afamados vinos de Espaa. Vinos de consagrar de la casa del Marqus del Eeal Tesoro. Chiquinquir y Bogot. Direccin telegrfica: Jusakez.
Importer of the most famous Spauish wines. Church wines from the eellars of Marqus del Keal Tesoro. Bogot and Chiquinquir. Telegraphic address: Jusdakez.
Julio Salazar.
Comerciante. Importador y exportador. "Ventas al por mayor y menor de mercancas extranjeras. Referencias bancarias. Direccin
telegrfica: Julios.
e.xporter.
Bank
306
DOCTOR DON
de Boyac)
pblica.
LUIS
ANTONIO MESA
This illustrious Colombian was born in Corrales, Department of Boyac, on the 17th of October, 1848, of a distinguished family, whose services in behalf of the republic had been remarkable.
Naci este ilustre colombiano eu Corrales (Departamento el 17 de Octubre de 1848, de distinguida familia que se seal por sus servicios a la causa de la Re-
1874 coron con xito ruidoso su carrera de estudiante al optar el ttulo de Doctor en Jurisprudencia en el memorable Colegio de Fo IX que regentaba en liogot el doctor don Jos Vicente Concha (padre). En esa poca de lucha poltica figur al lado de Miguel Antonio Caro, los Cuervos, los Holguines, los Urdanetas y tantos otros que formaban La Juventud Catlica, la cual presidi por eleccin, cosa que l reputaba como uno de los ms altos honores que haba obtenido en su vida. Poco despus de graduado, deseoso de servir eficazmente a sus
ideas
polticas
En
In 1874 he finished his studies with a brilliant sueeess by title of Doctor of Jurisprudence at the celebrated "Pius IX College," which was directed in Bogot
obtaining the
At
that time of
Don
Miguel Antonio Caro, the Cuervo and Holgun brothers, the Urdaneta brothers, and many others who formed the Catholic Youth, at which he was
ealled to preside
by
eleetion,
which
religiosas,
pros-
fund y sostuvo
honors in his life. Shortly after his graduation, desiring to sustain in an efBcient manner his political and religious ideas,
por varios aos un colegio privado en Corrales y Sogamoso, que alcanz gran fama en toda la comarca, pero que tuvo que cerrarlo por la guerra general que estall en el pas en 1884. Con ese motivo sirvi una Auditora militar en el ejrcito que
hizo la
which were proseribed by the Government, he founded and maintained for several years a prvate
college at
campaa
la
del Norte.
Implantada
Constitucin con-
mento
de
Cundinamarea;
Vice-
Mayor de Nues-
tra Seora del Rosario y dos veces Rector del de Boyac; Ministro de
Justicia
y Cultos en
la
Administra-
cin ejecutiva del doctor Carlos Holgun; Consejero de Estado, miembro de la Asamblea de Boyac y de la nacional que se reuni en 1910 para restablecer el rgimen constitucional y legal i-oto desde 1904, de la Cmara de
Corporaciones todas
que
En
Presidencia de la Repblica, pero l rehus modestamente aceptarla y exigi a sus amigos que guardaran reserva
sobre esto. Se distingui el doctor Mesa por su claro talento, vasta ilustracin e integi-idad de carcter, as como por sus acendradas virtudes religiosas, domsticas y sociales. Como poltico ejerci notable influencia en los asuntos pblicos, mereciendo la confianza de sus amigos y el respeto y admiracin de sus adversarios. Fu un escritor castizo y sent fama como orador parlamentario. En 1875 contrajo matrimonio con la seorita doa Mara del Carmen Oj'tiz Malo, hija del conocido poeta y literato don Jos Joaqun Ortiz, y muri el 17 de agosto de 1913, cuando estaba investido del doble carcter de Sonador de
tra Seora del College; Minister of Justice during the administratiou of Dr. Carlos Holgun State counsellor, member of the Boyac Assembly and of the National Assembly, convened in 1910 with the purpose of re-establishing the constitutional and legal rgime, interrupted since 1904; member of the Ilouse of Representatives and of the Senate. Once a group of conservatives of a very respectable standing ofEered Dr. Mesa the candidacy for the presidency of the Republic, which he modestly refused, requesting his friends to keep silent about it.
;
war which broke out in Then Doctor Mesa enlisted as military auditor in the army that made the northern campaign. The Conservative Constitution being established iu 1886, he became a Magistrate of the Higher Courts in the Department of Cundinamarea, and successively became viee-president of the Colegio Mayor de NuesRosario and twice president of the Boyac
the
civil
1884.
Dr. Mesa distinguished himself for his olear intellectual powers, his wide knowledge and his righteousness of character, as well as for his genuine virtues from the religious, domestie and social point of view. As a politician he exerted great influence on public afairs, deserving and meriting the confidence of his friends and the respect and admiration of his eneniies. lie was a good writer and won mucli fame as a parliamentary speaker. In 1875 he married Seorita Mara del Carinen Ortiz Mel, whose father was the well known poet and litterater.r Jos Joaqun Oi'tiz, and died on the 17th of August, 1913, during his term as Senator for the Departnients of Bo.yac
Repblica por Boyac y por Cundinamarea. Sus exequias se verificaron con gran solemnidad en la Baslica Primada, y en el cementerio hicieron el elogio del extinto el actual Presidente de la Repblica, doctor Jos Vicente Concha, el doctor Manuel Dvila Plrez y otros.
la
3t)7
and Cundinamarea. His funeral services were held with great solemnity
in
Dr. Jos V. Concha, now presithe cathedral of Bogot. dent of the republic, Dr. Manuel Dvila Flrez, and others delivered expressive funeral orations over his body at the cemetery.
!
tros.
Department of
Boyac
^""
S9
^^^^s?^^** "WWBIB^^^^B
'
I^^IB.'
iS
I^^^l
^p^
^^HfeAtl^
fl^g
During the first administra tion of Dr. Rafael Nez, the Samac Iron Works was an enterprise in which Doctora Jos Eusebio Otlora, governor of the State of Boyac, and Antonio Roldan, his secretar^', worked with great interest and patriotism. Unfortunately, as has often happened in Colombia, the enterprise did not succeed, and this caused the many and valuable elements that had been accumulated for it to be almost entirely abandoned. A few years later, several geutlemen, in co-operation w-ith the government of Boyac, planned and carried out the foundation of a cotton and wool textile works. The work was undertaken with great energy and zeal, but, oT\-ing to unfavorable circumstances, the resxolt was no better for the government than that of the iron works. The government decided to withdraw, and the company adopted a resolution for its liquidation, appointing Mr. Antonio Izquierdo as
organized,
liquidator.
Durante la primera adnunisti-acin del Dr. Rafael Nez, se llev a cabo la organizacin de la Ferrera de Samac, obra en la cual trabajaron, con decidido inters y patriotismo, los Sres. Doctores Jos Eusebio Otlora y Antonio Roldi^n, Gobernador el primero del Estado de Boyaci'i y su secretario el segundo. Por desgracia, como tantas otras veces ha sucedido en Colombia, esta empresa no tuvo xito, lo cual trajo consigo un cuasi-abandono de los muchos y rabosos elementos acumulados all, bajo auspicios muy favorables. Pocos aos despus, varios caballeros asociados al Gobierno de Boyac, proyectaron y llevaron a cabo la inaplantacin de una Fbrica de Hilados y Tejidos de algodn y lana. Se trabaj con celo y energa, pero por distintas circunstancias no tuvo esta empresa, para el Gobierno de BoyacA, mejor resultado que el que haba tenido con la Ferrera, y ste resolvi rematar sus derechos, y la Compaa a su vez decret la liquidacin de la Empresa, y nombr Liquidador al Sr. D. Antonio Izquierdo. En estas circunstancias, vino la fiebre de fundaciones industriales en la Repblica (Administracin del Gral. Rafael Reyes) y un grupo de capitalistas resoU-i comprar al Sr. Izquierdo las existencias de las espresadas fbricas, lo cual llev a cabo por la suma de S63.500 oro, que fueron ntegramente pagados. Con el valor de las fincas races y maquinaria compradas, que qued representado por 6.350 acciones de SIO oro c/u. y S36.500 oro, en nuevas acciones emitidas, del mismo valor cada accin, se constituy la nueva compaa, bajo la razn social de "Compaa de Samac," domiciliada en Bogot, con un capital de SIOO.OOO oro, representado en 10.000 acciones de lO oro c/u.j segn instrumento pblico nmero 2245 de 23 de Diciembre de 1905 ante el Notario 2^ del Circuito. Posteriormente, y en el curso de diez aos, ste capital ha sido elevado a S300.000. lOS dividendos repartidos han sido del 10 al \2% anual. Es de advertir que durante esos primeros 10 aos la maquinaria fu totalmente renovada, que se construyeron nuevos edificios, inclusive magnfica casa para la Administracin, y con algunos auxilios del Gobierno, un camino carretero de la Fbrica al Puente de Boyac sobre la Gran Carretera Central del Norte, el cual mide 22 kilme-
In these circumstances, there was a revival of the enthusiasm for the foundation of industrial plants, during the administration of General Reyes, and a group of capitalists decided to buj- of Mr. Izquierdo the property of the textile works. The sale was made for 63,500 dollars, an amount which was paid in its entirety. With the valu of the real estte and machinerj' bought, which represented 6,350 shares of 10 dollara each, and 36,500 dollars more, representing new shares issued, of the same valu, a
new company was organized under the ame of Samac Company (Compaa de Samac), with headquarters at Bogot, and a capital of 100,000 dollars, divided into 10,000 shares of 10 dollars each, in accordance with public deed No. 2,245, December 23, 1905, certified by the Second Notarj' Public of the Circuit. Later, in the course of 10 years, the capital has been raised to $300,000. The dividends paid have varied between 10 and 12 per cent, per annum.
be noted that during this first 10 years the machlnery was entirely renewed, buildings were erected, including a splendid office building; and, with some assistance from the government, a 22-kilometer wagn road was built from the works to Boyac Bridge, to connect with the Grand Central Northern Wagn Road.
It is to
new
En
las telas
que produce
la fbrica se
nacional.
El movimiento de la produccin de telas, en vardas, ha sido el siguiente; en el ao de 1906 a 1907, S0.732; de 1907 a 190S, 124.793; de 190S a 1909, 193.516; de 1909 a 1910, 274.S16; de 1910 a 1911, 401.901; de 1911 a 1912, 579.226; de 1912 a 1913, 936.909; de 1913 a 1914, 1.035.992; de 1914 a 1915, 1.097.S35; de 1915 a 1916, 1.149.74S. El peso aproximado de las telas es de 150 a 200 gramos por yarda. Oficinas de la Compaa en Bogot: Calle 12 No. 151 (Casa RIarconi). Almacn: Calle 11 No. 117 (antigua de Sn. Miguel) Debemos hacer presente que debido al gran crdito de que gozan los productos de esta empresa, son muchas las imitaciones intentadas, tanto en el exterior como en el pas, con gran perjuicio de loa consumidores si no se tienen en cuenta las calidades. Direccin telegrfica: "Samac" Bogot (Colombia), S. A.
Sixty per cent, of the cotton used in the works is home-grown. The output of the works between 1906 and 1916 was as foUows: 1906 and 1907, 80,732 yards; 1907 and 190S, 124,793; 1908 and 1909, 193,516; 1909 and 1910, 274,816; 1910 and 1911, 401,901; 1911 and 1912, 579,226; 1912 and 1913, 936,909; 1913 and 1914, 1,035,992; 1914 and 1915, 1,097,835; 1915 and 1916, 1,149,748.
It is well to caution the public that, owing to the great reputatiou of the products of this factory, there are a great many imitations, both at home and abroad, which of course is greatly to the disadvantage of consumers who do not look carefully into
quality.
Bogot
Store:
office: 151 ISth Strcel (Casa Marconi) 117 llth Street {formerhj San Miguel Street) Telegraph address: Samac Bogot, Colombia
308
BANCO DE BOYAC
Este
establecimiento
fu
organizado en la
otorgada ante
el
el
22 de
noviembre de 1903.
Maneja hoy un
capital de
by public deed N"o. 1376, before tbe 2nd Notary of the Circuit, on November 22, 1903. It manages today a capital of 17 million pesos,
of Tunja,
Tiene tres
paper-money.
who
are
jandro Mrquez, Carlos A. Otlora y Dustano Gmez, quienes componen la junta directiva. Es
ecutive Board.
the
revisor
el
doctor Benigno A.
Chaparro.
El
auditor.
capital
cities.
The bank has correspondents in the of the republic and in various foreign
pays interest thus
;
:
Abona
It
f or three
months,
the
the
a tres meses,
ao, el
el
5%
5%
meses,
el
6%
y a un
7%
anual.
annual 7%.
Tambin abona el 3% anual sobre el saldo mnimo de las cuentas corrientes. Por intereses
en descuentos, prstamos y crditos flotantes en
oro, cobra el
Por
in gold,
it
12%
annually.
12%
anual.
Code
Cdigo
used:
"Lieber."
usado: LiEBER.
Direccin postal:
Banco de
309
Postal address:
Boyac.
This house was founded 12 years ago and since then has occupied first place among the establishments of its class existing in the Department of Boyae. The cause of this is due to the fact of its having given the greatest ampUtude to its business, and also to the quaUty of its drugs and medicines, which it brings duectly
the
from the best laboratories of Europe and the United States of America. Its dintele always goes on augmenting cousiderably, and the public has manifested its satisfaction with the firm's attention and care. The pharmaceutical department is supplied with a large assortment of medicines and always entrusted to a competent and active personnel, which makes the medical profession have greater and greater confidence in it from day to day and therefore enjoys its assiduous recommendation. The Central Drug Store has had, since some j'ears ago, a branch in the city of Sogamoso, to which it gives the greatest attention also, owing to which it has cousiderably augmented its business in said city. It issues drafts under the
firm
ame
Daz A.
&
domicile in Tunja. Besides its business in all kinds of drugs and medicines, it imports papers of all kinds and articles for the desk, in which branch there is also a
Siempre han observado los seores Francisco Daz A. de que debe ganarse poco para vender mucho, a en buena parte el incremento de sus negocios.
cipio
&
Ca. el prin-
lo cual
deben
Timja, Colombia.
Tunja, Colombia,
S.
A.
OCTAVIO MEDINA
Comerciante
Merchant
House and
business of
and
is
Don
The
store
in the city,
ment
of French,
and stationery.
of silk,
el
El
al-
macn
el
es
imo de
los
The
credit
day owing
ms completo
norteamericanas
espejos,
and honor
e inglesas.
Introduce directamente
vidrios
cuadros,
shown in
its
molduras,
papelera.
Abundante y variado
surtido
en
and good
para regalos.
Representations
are
accepted
En
ventas por
mayor
se
and aU orders or
como tambin en
la
care
and punctuahty
to
any part
of the republic.
Tunja, Colombia.
Tunja, Colombia.
310
'LA
Direccin telegrfica: Linterna. Tunja, Colombia.
LINTERNA"
"La Linterna," a weekly newspaper published in Tunja, capital of the Department of Boyac. It has a large circulation in the department and outside of it. It was founded nine years ago and has been pubUshed since then without interruption and with greater success every day. The newspaper is pohtical and for information, and its proprietor-director is Seor Enrique Santos. "La Linterna" has a magnificent printing shop, in which aU kinds of typographical work is done. For the advertiser "La Linterna" is an organ of the first class. Telegraphic address: "Linterna." Tunja, Colombia.
"La Linterna," peridico semanal que se publica en Tunja, capital del Departamento de Boyac,
circulacin dentro
tiene
La Linterna
.
una abundante
t.sciOl
l.i*
mento. se ha publicado desde entonces sin interrupcin y con xito cada da creciente. El peridico es poltico y de informacin
,.-^
l..ir.,|.
y su director propietario
rique Santos.
es el seor
En-
La Linterna" cuenta con magnficos tade imprenta, en los cuales se hace toda clase de trabajos tipogrficos. Para los anunciadores, es "La Linterna" un rgano de primer orden.
lleres
Direct Importation
menting
it is
it is
CH.
it
manner
in this
country that
impossible to believe
now among
the
first
of
its class,
efforts of its
It attends to
cualquier idioma,
y sohcita
and
silk
mate-
Tunja, Boyac.
Merchant
"Without any kind of resources, only by his own efforts and privations, he commenced to work very modestly in the business of foreign goods and fruits of the countrys
many towns of Boyac and Santander and through some towns in Venezuela, thirty-five years
travelling through
ago.
With an ordinary fortune acquired up to the year 1903 he established himself in the city of Sogamoso with the same business of foreign goods and fruits of the country, as cattle and goat hides, coffee, rubber, heron feathers and some others. His business has gone on increasing; at present he is the proprietor of a store of diverse kind, of goods, cattle and landed property; he enjoys ampie credits in the repubc, especially in Bogot, and in all his work he has been assisted efficaciously by his son Bruno Gonzlez Saavedra.
He wants to enter into importation and exportation business, for which he accepts proposals and representations from houses of the repubc and from foreign houaes.
Sogamoso, Colombia.
Merchant
His store
is
Sogamoso.
His business has gone on augmenting, and at present he from those in the city but also from people outside of it.
receives orders not only
El seor Prieto Reyes es comerciante experimentado que goza de muy buena fama en todo el pas.
sus gestiones mercantiles con su taller de sasao de 1901 humildemente, pero su actividad, energa y honradez a toda prueba, hicieron que sus negocios hayan progresado rpidamente, y en la actuaUdad tanto su casa comercial como su taller de sastrera son de los mejores y ms acreditados y su firma es reconocida entre todo el comercio del pas, especialemente en la capital de la repbhca.
trera
is
Comenz
en
el
He commenced his mercantile work with his tailoring shop humbly in the year 1901, but his activity, energy and
honest}',
made
and now
his
commercial house as weU as his tailoring shop are of the best and most accredited and his signature is accepted in commerce all over the country, especially in the capital of
the repubUc.
Sogamoso, Colombia.
Sogamoso, Cohmbia.
311
CHIQUINQUIRA
Capital de la Provincia de Occidente del Departamento de Boyac. Entre las ciudades colombianas que puedan confiar con optimismo en un porvenir brillante, quiz muy pocas cuentan con tantos elementos como los que la naturaleza reuni en Chiquinquir, cual si hubiera querido engalanar los Andes colombianos, en su Cordillera Central, don los ms lujosos atavos, para mostrar toda su preferencia por este suelo que, como punto cntrico que es, pudiera llamarse el corazn de la repblica. Ocupa una de las doce ms notables altiplanicies del pas," se enlaza con tres ms de estas y con la Sabana de Bogot, y la provincia de que es capital se singulariza por confinar con los Departamentos de Santander, Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Caldas y Tofima. Situada casi al mismo nivel que Bogot participa como esta ciudad de un clima fro propio para el cultivo de todos los productos vegetales del viejo continente. La capa de terreno vegetal que cubre este suelo, o sea la capa postdiluviana, constituye en gran parte la riqueza de su frtilsimo valle; su rica y variada vegetacin, lo hacen un tanto ms agradable, embelleciendo sus hermosos paisajes, cuanto cmodo y alegre. Por dondequiera,
flores,
humano,
el
el
rio
del trabajo
frtil
y sana sobre
toda ponderacin. Con 2614 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar y bajo vm cielo azul, tiene este lugar la eterna primavera tropical, y como si su temperatura media de 16 centgrados no fuera suficiente para hacer de su clima un deleite para los 20,000 habitantes, surcan el hermoso valle que rodea la poblacin poticos ros y juguetones arroyos, y a pocas millas, rompiendo el hermoso verde-esmeralda que da a la ms variada vegetacin la exuberancia de un suelo pictrico de fertUidad, el histrico lago de Fquene en su argentada superficie, salpicada de vistosos plumajes y de pequeasembarcaciones quede l se desprenden por el Sara vita y pasando por Chiquinquir llegan a los confines con Santander, en donde el ro, en imponente catarata, concurrir al beneficio de la poblacin dando la fuerza necesaria para la poderosa planta elctrica que prximamente estar prestando servicio, refleja las cultivadas colinas que, como marco digno de tan hermoso cuadro, brindan sombra bajo el fresco follaje de bosques de robles centenarios, que aqu y all se alternan con campos de labranto en que las cosechas compensan con creces el trabajo de los sembradores, hasta el punto de devolverles en trigo, por ejemplo, cuarenta por uno, sin recurrir a abonos de ninguna clase, o con dehesas en que las ms finas y variadas especies de ganados se cran y preparan para abastecer la demanda de otros lugares del pas. Es Chiquinquir estacin obhgda, lugar de cita y centro de intercambios entre los Departamentos de Boyac, Santander y Cundinamarca, y teniendo como tiene desde cerca climas templados y eahentes, es de imaginarse la importancia de sus mercados semanales, por su
Capital of the Province of Occidente, Department of Boyac. Of the Colombian cities having a brUant future, there are perhaps very few that have so many elements as those wlth which Chiquinquir has been favored by na ture. It seems as if nature had purposed to adorn the Central Cordillera of the Andes with most luxurious beauty, in order to show her preference for this privileged spot, which, on account of its central location, might be caUed the heart of the repubUc. The city occupies one of the principal plateaus of Colombia, and is connected with three others and with the Sabana of Bogot. The province of which it is the capital borders on the Departments of Santander, Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Caldas, and Tolima. The city lies at approximately the same elevation as Bogot, and, like the latter city, has a climate adapted to the cultivation of all vegetable products of the Od World. The vegetable formation that makes the soil, that is, the postdiluvian formation, gives to this fertUe vaUey a great deal of its wealth. Its rich and varied vegetation, which gives great beauty to the landscape, makes it a very pleasant and comfortable spot. Everywhere there are flowers, verdure, cultivated fields, cattle, and great human activity, all of which give to the place the aspect of a favored land. Having an elevation of 2614 meters above sea level, and a clear blue sky, this town enjoys eternal tropical spring. Its average temperature is 16 C, which makes the cmate most pleasant. It has a population of 20,000 inhabitants. The vaUey that surrounds the town is traversed by beautiful rivers and playful streams, and a few mes away, in the midst of the gorgeous emerald-green of the luxurious vegetation, is found the historie Fquene Lake, whose silver surface is traversed by small boats, which go from it into the Saravita river, and, passing through Chiquinquir, continu to almost the boundaries of Santander, where the river, faUing in a grand cataract, will contribute to the development of the town, furnishing the neoessary power for the large electric plant that wl soon be in operation. The river mirrors beautiful hUls, which, Kke a frame worthy of that magnificent picture, offer generous shade under the foliage of hoary oak trees, here and there altemating with agricultura! fields where the crops most generously reward the labor of the inhabitants. Wheat, for instance, brings in returns of 4000 per cent, without the use of fertilizers of any kind. In addition to these fields, there are pastures where cattle of the finest and most varied breeds are raised, and from which they are sent to other parts of the repubUc. Chiquinquir is the meeting center for the transaction of commercial affairs, and is also the center of the commerce between the Departments of Boyac, Santander, and Cundinamarca. As it is in the neighborhood of both temprate and hot cUmates, its weekly markets are of considerable importance, on account of the great variety, abimdance and cheapness of the articles offered. Large capitals are invested in the
all
Paso en
las afueras
de Chiquinquir
^A
312
.=3
3
o<
'3
o-
13
O
O
S
O"
O
-a
o3
313
LiBKO AZUL
Hi
variedad, abundancia y baratura. Cuantiosos capitales representan las transacciones al por mayor de mercancas extranjeras y nacionales, sal, azcar, panela, miel, cueros, caf, maderas, ganados y toda clase de productos vegetales, que en abundante movimiento de cargas van en s mayor xirte por la carretera nacional del noroeste, que tocia en esta poblacin, a surtir los principales mercados de Ids tres departamentos nombrados. Estos mercados tienen una organizacin que para su funcionamiento regular requieren seis plazas pblicas, en una de las cuales se levanta el grandioso templo, creacin de la ms clsica arquitectm-a, segimdo en importancia entre los 45 principales santuarios consagrados a Mara por el culto catlico en las tres Amricas, circunstancia sta, adems, que alimenta en la ciudad una constante peregrinacin de nacionales
el pas por las tres ferias que en cada ao se suceden, en febrero, agosto y diciembre, en cada ima de las cuales se realizan hasta seis mil cabezas de ganado caballar y mular, que en gran parte salen para la vecina Repblica de Venezuela. El nombre de la ciudad va unido a ttulos bien honorficos: en sus numerosos planteles docentes se instruyen todas las clases sociales; de los hijos del pueblo no son pocos los que en las ciencias y en las artes han levantado muy alto la fama nacional; cuando las vas frreas, una de las cuales pasar por la ciudad, surquen la tersa altiplanicie
y la communiquen con las tierras bajas que a dos horas de la ciudad ya se visten con todos los productos de los climas clidos; cuando la bosques colonizacin y los caminos lleven la vida civilizada a los seculares que al occidente baa el ro Magdalena, del que apenas dista organicen Chiquinquir una y media centena de kilmetros; cuando se empresas que vayan a beneficiar las primicias de las innmeras riquezas que all se brindan en ideal hacinamiento, en un suelo que guarda ricas
minas de oro, plata, hierro, cobre, rub, petrleo, carbn, sal, etc., bajo la sombra de plantas que tienen inestimable valor en sus races, como mbar y zarzaparilla, en sus hojas, como la paja toquilla o nacuma, de que se fabrican los sombreros Panam; en sus maderas, como el diomato; en sus recias, como caucho y blsamos, y hasta en sus flores; que es una de las tres regiones colombianas productoras de tagua o marfil vegetal; cuando las famosas minas de esmeraldas de Muzo y las 141 ms denunciadas hasta hoy, de la misma especie, en la regin occidental, nicas en su clase en el mundo, no se escondan entre baldos desiertos por falta de capitales y de vas; cuando las caudalosas aguas de los ros y quebradas que en sus cadas de poderosa energa sean las fuerzas motrices de maquinarias que desarrollen las mil industrias a que convida ese suelo prodigoso; cuando las alturas que a minutos de Chiquinquir permitan abarcar con una sola mirada las refulgentes cimas de la Cordillera Occidental y luego el dilatado valle del Magdalena; cuando esas alturas sean el observatorio del trabajo; cuando tales hechos se cumplan, entonces Chiquinquir ser una de las ciudades ms prsperas del pas.
from both Colombia and foreign countries. The city is noted throughout the republic for the three faii'S that are held every year, in February, August and December; as many as 6000 horses and mules, which are for the most part exported to the neighboring republic of Venezuela, are then sold. The ame of the city is associated with a great many honorable titles. In its numerous educational institutious, all social olasses are taught. There have been a great many persons belonging to its working classes that have attained celebrity in science and arts. When the projected railroads, one of which is to go through the city, traverse the plateau and connect with the lowlands that, only two hours' travel from the city, exhibit the producs of the hot climates; when colonization and the construction of roads introduce civilization into the virgin forests watered on the west by the Magdalena river, from which Chiquinquh' is only 150 kilometers; when proper enterprises are organized to exploit the principal wealth that there occurs in ideal abundance, in the form of rioh gold, silver, iron, copper, ruby, oil, coal, salt, and other mines, and vegetable producs of immense valu, such as amber, sarsaparilla, hat-straw for the manufacture of Panam hats, and woods and resms, such as rubber and balsams, and he great quantities it produces of ivory nuts, it being one of he three Colombian regions where that produc is found; when the famous emerald mines of Muzo and the 141 other mines of he same kind, denounced up o date in the wesern regin, he only ones of heir kind in he world, cease to be hidden in desert lands from lack of capital and means of transporation; when the voluminous waters of the rivers and streams that in their great falls conain wonderful energy become he inovers of machinery to develop the thousand industries offered by its wonderful soil; when he heights that not far from Chiquinquir make it possible to behold the resplendent summits of he Wesern Cordillera, and at the same time the extended vaUey of he Magdalena river, have become labor centers; when such facts come to pass, then will Chiquinquir be one of the most prosperous cities in he republic.
Paseo en Chiquinquir
^An outing
314
in Chiquinquir.
LIBKU
A'\JL
In a magnificent church of Doric order, built in the early part of the is kept a precious jewel, which is the delight
of admiration of
and object
Colombia and the neighboring republics Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquir, with Andrew on her lef t, and St. Anthony of Padua on her right.
place
December
many
witnesses.
The phenom-
enon lasted an hour, and since then Chiquinquir has been favored with Mary's benefactions.
m.
I?
On January 9, 1910, the Vatican Chapter decreed the solemn coronation of the venerable image and the infant Jess it bears in its arms. As a preparation for this great festivity, the church is being embellished with magnificent ornaments and artistic works, all requiring
considerable funds, which are supplied
by the piety
throughout the repubUc. When these preparations have been finished and the town improved, so that it will be able to accommodate 200,000 persons, the solemn coronation of Our Lady will be accomplished, in
the presence of the most select
members
of society, both
Colombian
and
foreign.
In 1881, the restoration of the Dominican Province was begun with the reconstruction of a convent, where the Dominican Order of Co-
Churcli of
the Bible,
etc.
Master of the order declared the Colombian branch to be autonomous, and in full possession of all its rights, and of the convents of Tunja and Bogot. The
26 de diciembre de 1586, a las maana, en presencia de muchos testigos oculares. Una hora dur el fenmeno, y desde entonces es Chiquinquir el teatro de las miserific el
de
la
community consists of sixty members and supports the Apostolic School and singing school for sixty children.
Lately, a splendid printery has been installed with all modern improvements, through the efforts of the order, which is the soul of the
cordias de Mara.
La
iglesia
natural,
pueblos de visitarla en romera, agradecidos por los singulares beneficios que de ella recitros das
due to the
perior of this
ben.
El 9 de enero de 1910 el Capitulo Vaticano decret la solemne coronacin de la venerada magen y del nio Jess que lleva en sus brazos. Como preparacin a esta gran Convento Dominicano fiesta se est embelleciendo el templo con magnficos adornos y obras de artstico gusto, que demandan grandes sumas, Jas que se colectan de la piedad de los fieles de toda
la repblica.
road from Chiquinquir to Susa is finished today, and will soon go as far as Bogot.
Summing
quir
is,
up;
all
that
Chiquin-
it
and
Dominican Convent
the Sanctuary.
mejorado, de
Cuando estas obras se hayan terminado y la poblacin modo de poder recibir un concurso de 200,000 personas,
entonces se realizar la coronacin solemne de Nuestra Seora con asistencia de lo ms conspicuo de la sociedad colombiana y del extranjero.
En 1881 comenz la restauracin de la Provincia Dominicana con la reconstruccin de este convento, casa noviciado, donde se establecieron los estudios generales de la Orden en Colombia, literatura, filosofa,
teologa, derecho.
Sagrada Escritura,
etc.
de 1910 el Maestro General de la Orden la declar autnoma, en posesin de todos sus derechos con los conventos de Tunja y Bogot. La comunidad consta de 60 individuos y sostiene el Colegio
julio
la Escuela Apostlica y una escuela de canto de 60 nios. ltimamente se acaba de montar una magnfica imprenta con todos los adelantos modernos y todo ha sido obra de la comunidad, que es el alma mter del progreso de la ciudad. A la iniciativa del superior de esta comunidad se debe el que hoy se encuentre terminada la carretera de Chiquinquir a Susa, y que muy
En
de
en breve gen y
la
lo estar
con Bogot.
si
En una
palabra:
Nuevo
Church
315
Fundada en mayo de
las
Tavera
el
de toda la provincia de que es capital Chiquinquir, y de las antiguas Provincias de Ubat y Vlez, debido a su gran sui'tido y especialmente a la acertada direccin del seor Carvajalino, graduado farmaceuta en la Sociedad Central Farmacutica de Cundinamarca. A los dos aos adquiri este seor la propiedad exclusiva de la Droguera, la que hasta la fecha ha venido progresando extraordinariamente.
Established in May 1909 by Messrs. Carlos Tavera R., Ricardo Hurtado and B. Carvajalino; this drug store figures as the best one amongst those established in the whole regin of Chiquinquir and the ancient provinces of Ubat and Vlez, keeping a great assortment of drugs and liaving a good fame due to the clever management of Mr. CarvajaUno, graduated as ohemist from the Central Pharmaceutical Society of Cundinamarca.
Sinoe the second year the business was established, Mr. Carvajalino enterprise, which has considerably increased.
bought up the
las
peas y norteamericanas, as como barnices, pinturas, joyera, tiles de escritorio, etc. Agencia y representa en sus ramos varias casas extranjeras y del pas y es adems el seor Carvajalino fuerte accionista de
la
Imports directly from the best European and American firms drugs and other goods, such as: paint, varnish, jewelry, stationery, etc., etc.
Besides running the International Drug Store, Mr. Carvajalino is agent for several foreign drug firms. Mr. CarvajaUno is also shareholder in the Compaa Colombiana de Mutualidad and special agent for this concern, in Chiquinquir and in the neighboring provinces.
as the European war comes to an end, Mr. Carvajalino, Mr. Carvajalino, his brother, and Mr. Miguel Angueyra, who will represent the enterprise abroad, all as partners and managers, have the idea of estab-
sta
en
provincia
y poblaciones comarcanas.
guerra europea, el seor Carvajalino, su hermano don Anguejrra, quien representar y agenciar la empresa en Europa, todos como socios capitahstas y administradores, establecern la casa
Al terminar
la
As soon
Germn
hshing
principal en Bogot,
their
chief
un departamento especial de
con
representaciones
agentes viajeros en
Chiquinquir,
Chiquinquir,
Colombia, S. A.
Colombia.
CLODOMIRO NIETO
Clebre inventor de las tres especialidades vegetales que mejor xito han alcanzado en el campo de la medicina moderna. Crolalina. Remedio soberano para EspeciaUdad antiepidrmioa. combatir enfermedades del estmago e intestinos, gastrodinia, disenteras amibiana y bacUar. ^^ara carbunclo sintomtico, ranilla en el ganado y revolcadera en las oestias; hidrofobia, mordedura de ofidios
venenosos, etc.
others.
C.
Famous inventor of the three vegetable compound specialties which have acquired more success and fame in modern medicine than any
"Crolalina." Antiepidermic specialty, wonderful remedy for preventing and curing aments of the stomach and intestines, gastrodinia, dysentery, amebic and bacillary, and for symptomatic carbuncles, red rot in cattle and diseases of horses, hydrophobia, bites of poisonous reptiles, etc.
Medicina Vegetal. Procedimiento indgena. Enrgica contra la sfireumatismos, impurezas de la sangre y mal de rones, cuyos efectos positivos son incomparables en el tratamiento de la lepra en su cuarto
lis,
perodo.
"Vegetable Medicine."
55
MEDiCIN
CROTALi COL
MJTEBIODEGWETOC
ikJU
Crotaliha
Contra la blefaritis, ceguera, cataratas incipientes, Colirio y Cauterio. inyeccin sanguinolenta de la conjuntiva ocular, manchas de la crnea, cncer y toda clase de las erupciones herpticas de la piel. Centenares de personas certifican y recomiendan su eficacia. Pdanse directamente al laboratorio y agencia general en el Socorro o en la agencia sucursal en Chiquinquir.
rheumatism, impure blood and ailments of the kidneys; as also its feots are positive in the treatment of leprosy in its fourth period.
Collyrium and Caustic.
racts, conjunctivitis, spots
ef-
Against blepharitis, blindness, incipient cataon the cornea, cncer, and all kinds of skin
diseases
and rashes.
316
SALOMN MORALES
Comerciante en sombreros suazas y mercancas
extranjeras de todas clases.
M.
Dealer in
eign articles.
Impoi'ter
Panam
hats and
all
kinds of for-
IMPORTADOR T EXPORTADOR
Crdito y referencias bancarias.
and exporter.
Chiquinquir, Colonibia.
A.
SNCHEZ
oue mile north of the eity. The farm has an rea of 250 acres, generally
level.
grade.
Temperature 16 degrees CentiLand as good and fertile in evei-y sense as the Bogot Savaima. Divided into various enelosed fields, where cattle fatten in less than three
montlis.
Watered
at
its
lower ex-
que existe en
el pas.
Las
^^^^
alfombras, colchones, sombreros, etc., que se trabajan en fieltro, cerda y pelo, son indudablemente mejores y ms duraderos que los fabricados en Europa y Estados Unidos; estn patentados por el gobierno colombiano y premiados con diploma de primera clase y medalla de oro, en la exposicin departamental, centenario de la Independencia de Tunja, 1913.
^H|l I^^L^II^
Only one of its kind existing in Colombia. The carpets, mattresses, hats, etc., made in this factory of felt, bristles and hair are the very best and last longer than those manufactured in Europe or the United States; system patented by the Colombian government, and awarded gold medal and first class diploma in the Departmental Exhibition, Centennial of the Independence of Tunja, 1913.
El seor Uldarico Pinzn y su esposa seora Benilda Daz, naturales de Moniquir, son los inventores de esta industria.
Chiquinquir, Colombia.
Rep. de Colombia.
Chiquinquir
Offices
62.
Eduarpaez.
Por cable:
cionales
las
"Eduarpaez."
Cable address:
"Pez."
y extranjeras. Departamento de pianos y autopanos de mejores marcas europeas y americanas, pagaderos por mensualidades, y de mquinas
de escribir de todas clases. Agente para el transporte de toda clase de carga entre los Departamentos de Santander,
Code A. B. C.
Agent
of
for national
Boyac y Cundinamarca. Empresa de navegacin fluvial en el ro Saravita y lago de Fquene. Compra y venta a comisin de artculos de exportacin. Cobro de crditos judicial )'
extrajudicialmente.
Solicita propuestas para agenciar y representar casas extranjeras en toda clase de negocios.
marks, which are sold on monthly payments. Deals also in typewriters of all kinds. Navigation enterprise in the Saravita river
and Fquene
lake.
Buys and
sells
on com-
mission export goods. Collects funds judicially and extrajudieially. Is willing to take up foreign agencies of
.any kind.
317
-Soda-Water
Bbverages
This copartnership company was estabBogot in 1913. Has a large capital and good sound credit throughout the country as weU as abroad. At the present time it has three soda-water faotories, in Bogot, Chiquinquir and Sogamoso, al of which are very important cities. Each one of these factories has modern and well equipped machinery, which enables the factories to produce producs of the best poslished in
Hoy tiene instaladas tres fbricas de bebidas gaseosas en Bogot, Chiquinqui- y muy importantes. ciudades Sogamoso,
Cada una de las fbricas est dotada de maquinaria y elementos modernos, que permiten elaborar productos de primera calidad, a lo cual le debe el crdito ilimitado de que gozan sus bebidas en el pas. En el presente ao sern ensanchados los negocios con las nuevas sucursales que se
el edificio
de la fbrica de Chiquinquir, la cual est administrada por el socio Toms Villamil L. Chiquinquir, Colombia.
and to this is owed the fame the producs have acquired in the country. In the course of the current year the new branches wiU lend to the enlargement and progress of the Company's business. The view herein inserted shows the factory building in Chiquinquir, which is under the adininistration of one of the partners, Toms Villamil L. Chiquinquir, Boyac, Colombia.
sible quality
La
Por
ms
an-
The
oldest
in its
tigua de la ciudad.
la exactitud
Owing
en
el
despacho de
fr-
ity of the
filling
que en
ella se
number
of customers,
numerosa cuntela, y por dicha razn tambin figura entre una de las principales de
la
and
one of the
lombia).
AGUIRRE HERMANOS
Comerciantes, Importadores y
Exportadores
Venden por mayor y menor, en sus almacenes "El Sombrero de Oro," nmeros 89 y 91, y La Mueca, nmeros 50 y 52, toda clase de mercancas extranjeras y del pas; tienen especialmente artculos para hombres y seoras, completa variedad de chucheras, relojes de
bolsillo, orejeras, anillos,
Stores:
"El
Sombrero de
AU
classes
and kinds
ComForeign
gran surtido de
joj'as
de fan-
tasa,
y sombreros de
jipa, fieltro
y pao.
Se hacen
Panam
hats, felt
and cloth
hats.
agencies solicited.
Aguirman.
Chiquinquir,
"Aguirman."
Colombia.
E.
NINO'S HOUSE
la
Reoently constructed in a modern style, situated in is the only one in the city so elegant and comfortable; has two big stores; one for selling foreign goods, and another producs of the country
the main commercial street;
quincallera.
and hardware.
El almacn de mercancas est situado en la primera Calle Real, formando esquina con la Plaza de la Constitucin. Tiene dos puertas con un muestrario elegante. Es el almacn que por su posicin ha realizado ms
mercancas extranjeras y est bien acreditado durante 32 aos.
Chiquinquir, Colombia.
The
an elegant stock of samjiles. Due to the promineut situation of this store, it is at present the one that sells most and is best known, haviiig
318
Desires
tlie
agencies of national
and foreign
firms.
Ei Baluai'te
This firm as a means of propa>na*r
jjortix,
Esta casa cuenta con un rgano de propaganda, El Baluarte, cuya edicin es de 2,000 ejemplares y de gran circulacin en Boj'ac y Sur de Santander.
Direccin telegrfica: Cereez.
ganda
Des traccin
issues a
newspaper entitled
Edition 2000.
Cir-
El Baluarte.
culates
througliout
Boyac
and
Southern Santander.
Telegraphic address: Cerrez.
EVA RINCN
Importadora de vinos y rancho de Francia y Espaa. Vende adeImporter of wiues and canned
goods from Franca and Spain,
in her
sells
ms
en
su
acreditado
almacn,
situado en la Plaza de la Constitucin, brandys, champaas, whiskey, galletas, dulces finos, cigarros y cigarrillos, cervezas, vinos espumosos, te, uvas y ciruelas pasas,
cajas de fantasa para regalos, y gran vai'iedad de artculos del pas,
famous
beer,
and plums.
all
the country,
and
CHiQtnNQUiR, Colombia.
Chiquinquir, Colombia.
PABLO
Ventas
menor.
al
E.
PINZN TOLOSA
Commerciante
por mayor y
al
Merchant
por
Wholesale and
merchandise
of
retail.
all
Foreign
Best
refer-
Mercancas extranjeras de
kinds.
todas clases.
local
Cuenta con
el
mejor
Bank
de
la ciudad.
Unlimited
credit.
Eeferencias bancarias.
ilimitado.
Crdito
J. J. Comerciante
BERNAL
Merchant
Este
almacn
cuenta
con
numerosa
y
Ilis store
to] e
owing
and
constant renewal of
merchandise.
319
Roberto Villamil V.
Comerciante, Comisionista. Eeferencias honorables. Dueo princiSolicita socios pal de la afamada mina de esmeraldas de Tinjao. ChiquinDireccin telegrfica: Eomilvilla. para la explotacin. quir, Boyac, Colombia.
Merchant and Broker. First-class referenees. Principal owner of the famous Tinjac emerald mines; is desirous of obtaining partners for the exploitation and working of them. Telegraphie address: "Eomilvilla." Chiquinquir, Boyac, Colomhia.
Luis T. Pinzn
Sastrera y almacn de artculos para seoras y caballeros. Eopa Puntualidad y esmero. Corte a la moda. Eeferencias de hecha.
crdito.
Tailoring establishment and warehouse of ladies' and gentlemen's Eeadymade clothing. Latest euts. Up-to-date fashions. Chiquinquir, BoPunctuality and painstaking. Credit referenees. yac, Colombia.
articles.
de la Universidad Nacional y miembro de la SocieCon prctica en varias empresas feChiquinquir, Boyac, Direccin telegrfica: Diegpaez.
civil
Member of the ColomCivil Engineer of the National University. bian Society of Engineers. Has had praetice in several railway conDiegpaez. Chiquinquir, Boyac, CoTelegraphie address: eerns.
lombia.
Humberto Rincn M.
jeras y
Comerciante. Compra y venta de mercancas nacionales y extranChiquinquir, 1. Calle Eeal, sombreros de todas clases. Nos. 20 y 22. Almacn "La Sultana." Grandes ventajas.
Merchant.
hats of
Buys and
kinds.
many
sells national and foreign goods and also Chiquinqui/r, Ist Calle Eeal, Nos. 20-22, Store
"La Sultana."
Eeasonable priees.
Librera y Papelera
"Coln" Coln
Stationery and
Book Store
Importacin directa. Casa fundada en 1911. Se encarga de representar casas extranjeras y del pas, ofreciendo buenas referencias. Simn Ferro & Ci. Chiquinquir, Colombia.
Imports goods directly. House founded in 1911. Is willing to represent national and foreign firms, for which purpose it can offer very good referenees. Simn Ferro & Co. Chiquinquir, Colombia.
Arcadio Monroy
Comerciante y hacendado.
Deseoso de contraer relaciones comer-
ciales con las principales casas productoras de drogas y medicinas, solicita atentamente precios, condiciones y catlogos. Cable y telgraChiquinquir, Colombia. fo: "Akmon."
Merchant and agriculturist. Mr. Monroy is willing to enter into commercial relations with leading drug manufacturers. Eequests terms and catalogues. Cable and telegraph: "Armn." Chiquinquir, Colombia.
Bell)
Jess Bentez
Jesubenite.
Telegraph: Nos. 24 and 26 Calle Eeal, Chiquinquir, Colombia. Promptness in Dry-goods stock constantly renewed.
Satisfactory referenees.
filllng orders.
Agent for the Colombian Insurance Director of El Anunciador. Company. Will aecept representations of foreign and domestic conModrate fees. Chiquinquir, Colombia. eerns.
320
ALDAS
One of the fourteen departments into which the Republie of Colombia is politically divided. Bouiidaries. On the north, the Department of Antioquia; on the east, the Magdalena river, which separates it from the Department of Cundinamarca; on the south, the Departments of Tolima and Valle del Cauca; and on the west, the Intendancy of Choc. rea. The approximate rea of the department is 13,000
square kilometers. Geographical Position. The department lies between the Central and Western Cordilleras of the Colombian Andes, and was formed from the od provinces of southern Antioquia, and the provinces of Marmato and Robledo of the Department of Cauca. Political Divisians. The department is divided into five provinces namely Manizales, capital Manizales, ineluding the municipalities of Neira, Filadelfia, Mara, Palestina
; :
Uno de los catorce departamentos en que est dividida polticamente la Eepblica de Colombia. Lmites. Por el norte el Departamento de Antioquia; por el este, ro Magdalena por medio, el de Cundinamarca por el sur los del Tolima y Valle del Cauca y por el oeste la Intendencia del Choc. Superficie. La extensin aproximada del departamento es de 13,000 kilmetros cuadrados. Situacin. Entre las Cordilleras Central y Occidental de los Andes colombianos. Se compone de las antiguas provincias del sur de Antioquia y las de Marmato y Robledo del Departamento del Cauca. Divisin Territorial. Est dividido el departamento en cinco provincias, a saber: Manizales, capital Manizales, y los Municipios de Neira, Filadelfia, Mara, Palestina y San Francisco; Pereira, capital Pereira, y los Municipios de Armenia, Cabal, Calare, Circasia, Filandia, Marsella,
I 1
i 1
1 n. 1in H1 1 H n 1
**
^^^^M|^^^j
^
^w^r-:-
t^
i
^^K9fl
^^^^^^^i^^
pp^^^^^
1
i
1
1
jj
H Si
H^H
"2
L^i||dHH||^|
1
;
Ro Cauca
1 n
^KP^
; ;
.
-\
r-'V'l
Cauca River
Montenegro, Salento; Salamina, capital Salamina, y los Municipios de Aguadas, Aranzazu y Pacora Riosucio, capital Hispania, y los Municipios de Anserma, Apa, Belalczar, Beln, Marmato, Nazareth, Pueblorrico, Santuario y Supa; Manzanares, capital Manzanares, y los Municipios de Marulanda, Pensilvania, San Agustn y Victoria. Temperatura. La columna del termmetro sube a 30 y ms grados en las vertientes del Magdalena, desciende un poco ms en los valles del Cauca, el Risaralda, y la Vieja, para llegar a varios grados bajo cero en el macizo central andino y en algunos puntos de la Cordillera Occidental. Ros. Ningn ro navegable atraviesa el departamento el Magdalena corre entre los Departamentos de Caldas y Cundinamarca, en una extensin de sesenta kilmetros, y las compaas de navegacin que en esta parte hacen el Est atravetrfico son las mismas del bajo Magdalena. sado el departamento de sur a norte por el ro Cauca, el cual deja de ser navegable unos veinte kilmetros despus
321
Pereira, capital Pereira, ineluding the municipalities of Armenia, Cabal, Calare, Circasia, Filandia, Marsella, Montenegro, and Salento Salamina, capital Salamina, ineluding the municipalities of Aguadas, Aranzazu, and Pacora Riosucio, capital Hispania, ineluding the municipalities of Anserma, Apa, Belalczar, Beln, Marmato, Nazareth, Pueblorrico, Santuario, and Supa; Manzanares, capital Manzanares, ineluding the municipalities of Marulanda, Pensilvania, San Agustn, and Victoria.
;
The temperature is 30 C, and even Temperature. higher on the slopes of the Magdalena river it is somewhat lower in the Cauca, Risaralda and La Vieja valleys; and drops to several degrees below zero on the highlands of the Central Cordillera and at some places of the "Western Cor;
dillera.
Bivers.
No
ment.
C-aldas
The Magdalena flows between the Departments of and Cundinamarca, in a distance of 60 kilometers,
and the steamboats running on this seetion of tbe river are the same that do service in tbe lower Magdalena. The department is traversed by the Cauca river, which ceases to be navigable about 20 kilometers after it enters the department, on account of the many obstructions in its channel. The San Juan river waters the western part it is a platiniferous river, which, after receiving numerous tributarles, empties into the Pacific. Other important rivers are the Risaralda, Otn, Campoalegre, Chinehin, and Pozo. Moimtain System. The Andes Cordillera mus through the department from south to north, and it is here that its highest peaks are found. The Central Cordillera forms, between the districts of Santuario and Pueblorrico, the steep Tatama mountain, on whose summit there are extensive valleys covered with esparto grass, and which in some places reaches the height of perpetual ice. Farther north, between Apa and the district of Pueblorrico, rise La Lnea and Potos, on whose western slopes begins the
;
Nevado
del
Ruiz
El Ruiz
Nevado
naturales conocieron con el nombre de Cima, de donde se desprenden las serranas y valles de Cham, Carpa y Cornato. La Cordillera Central penetra al departamento for-' mando alturas casi inaccesibles. Vas de Comunicacin. Vas carreteras propiamente dichas no existe ninguna en este departamento a excepcin de unos 5 kilmetros en la va que conduce de Manizales al Tolima tambin puede considerarse como carretera la que va de Pereira a Cerritos, camino de Cartago, en una extensin de 20 kilmetros. La anchura de la primera es de veinte metros y la de la segunda de doce. En servicio slo existe en el departamento el ferrocarril de La Dorada, en una extensin de veinte kilmetros y con una anchura de metros 0.90. Pertenece a una compaa particular que tiene el privilegio de su explotacin. Se construye actualmente el ferrocarril de Caldas, que unir a Manizales con el ferrocarril del Pacfico, y no muy tarde con el de Amaga, en Antioquia. Se construye ade;
picturesque valley of the Ciato, or La Silla, river. Still farther north rises Luna peak. The Cham mountain has been noted from ancient times; the uatives gave to it the ame of Cima the sierras and valleys of Cham, Carpa and Cornato start from it. The Central Cordillera, on euteriug the department, rises to almost inaecessible
;
heights.
The onl.y wagn road in this of Transportatimi. is a short 5-kilometer road leading from Manizales to Tolima. There is also an iraperfect wagn road going from Pereira to Cerritos, in the direetion of Cartago, and having a length of 20 kilometers. The former road has a width of 20 meters, and the latter one of 12 metei"s. The only railroad at present in operation in the department is a 20-kilometer seetion of the La Dorada railThis road belongs to road, whose gage is 90 centimeters. a prvate company having the exclusive right to its exdepartment
ploitation.
Ways
322
colas de alimentacin son caa de azcar, maz, cacao, frpapas, pltano, arroz, trigo, etc. Exportaciones. No se exporta otro fruto que el caf, que constituye la principal riqueza del departamento, no slo por su buena calidad sino tambin por el incremento que su cultivo ha tomado y est tomando en los ltimos aos. Los dems productos que se exportan del departamento
:
At present the Caldas- railroad is in process of construction. It will connect Manizales witli the Pacific railroad, and later with the Amaga railroad in Antioquia. In addition, an aerial tramway is being laid between ilariquita
and Manizales, the work having already made considerable
progress.
Agricultural Products. The principal agricultural food produets of the department are sugar-cane, corn, cacao,
beans, potatoes, plantains, rice,
consisten en pieles de res, oro, plata y los sombreros de paja, impropiamente llamados Panam. La exportacin de pieles ha sido la siguiente
and wlieat. The only agricultural product exported from the department is cofEee. It is the principal source
Exportation.
Kilos
Valor
$118,217
105,566
134,696
of wealth of the department, on account not only of its good quality but also of the considerable increase that there has been of late years in its eultivation.
tle hides, gold, silver,
En En En E
268,675
293,230 306,122
333,000
The other produets exported by the department are catand Panam hats. The exportation of hides for the years 1913 to 1916 was as follows:
Kilos
1913
268,675
159,840
En el ao de 1915 se enviaron para Medelln 1,500 kilos de oro por valor de $600,000, y para el exterior 95 kilos por valor de $38,000. El nmero de sombreros exportados en el mismo ao fu de 400,000, por un valor de $360,000. Industrias. El estado de la industria ganadera es en la La existencia hoy en el actualidad bastante halageo.
departamento
es,
Valu
$118,217
105,566 134,696
1914
1915 1916
293,240
306,122
333,000
159,840
aproximadamente,
la siguiente:
103,590
lanar,
asnal y mular
porcino
In 1915, 1500 kilos of gold, valued at $600,000, were sent to Medelln and 95 kilos, valued at $38,000, were sent abroad. In the same year 400,000 hats, valued at $560,000, were exported.
;
Los propietarios se estn preocupando por la seleccin de las razas y al efecto algunos han introducido ejemplares de razas extranjeras seleccionadas, con los cuales se han efectuado cruzamientos que van mejorando notablemente
dicha industria. El departamento cuenta para la cra de ganado' con dehesas de excelente calidad en las orillas de los ros Cauca, Chinchin, Vieja y Risaralda, en la Hoya del Quindo y en las mesetas de las regiones templadas, y algunas en las regiones de los pramos, siendo todos estos lugares muy adecuados para la prosperidad de los ganados. Hay ferias establecidas en las siguientes poblaFerias. ciones: en Pereira una semestral, que es de las ms concurridas del pas; en Manizales, Armenia, Neira, Riosucio, Aguadas, etc. Son pocas las poblaciones del departamento donde tales ferias no se verifican con resultado muy satisfactorio.
Industries. The cattle-raising industry is now most promising. The number of heads of differeut kinds of live stock at present in the department is as follows:
247,176 cattle
103,590 hogs
1,925 sheep
46,386 horses
Those engaged in this industry are giving a great'deal of attention to the development of good breeds. For this purpose, they have imported high-bred specimeus, which, by erossiug, have greatly improved the native breeds.
Industrias Fabriles. Existen varios establecimientos de industrias fabriles, aunque todava en estado incipiente, en la capital y en algunas otras poblaciones del departamento.
se
Industria Minera. En el departamento no existen, o no han descubierto hasta hoy, fuentes de petrleo en la Provincia de Manzanares existen algunos yacimientos de nafta, pero no han sido nunca beneficiados. Una buena parte de los habitantes del departamento vive dedicada a la industria minera, pues esta seccin del pas cuenta con numerosas y ricas minas de oro y plata sobre todo en los Municipios de Manizales, Marmato, Riosucio, Mara, Cabal y Salento. Funcionan en el departamento los siInstruccin. guientes planteles oficiales de instruccin secundaria: El Instituto Universitario, con 250 alumnos y 30 profesores las dos escuelas normales de varones y de seoritas, a las que asiste vn personal de 85 alumnos entre internos y
;
;
externos.
la
las capitales de provincia funcionan, lo mismo que en ciudad de Aguadas, colegios de segiinda enseanza para hombres y mujeres, a los cuales asisti en el ao de 1915 un personal de 789 alumnos. Entre los colegios privados, los ms importantes son: para seoritas, el de la Presentacin, el de Mara, el de
En
There are excellent pasture lands for the raising of caton the banks of the Cauca, Chinchin, La Vieja and Risaralda rivers in the Quindo basin on the plateaus of the temprate regions; and some in the paramo regions. Fairs. Commercial fairs are held at the foUowing towns at Pereira, every six months, such fairs being the best patronized in tlie country; and at Manizales, Armenia, Neira, Riosucio, Aguadas, and other places. There are very few towns in the department that do not hold fairs of this kind, all of which are very successful. Textile Industry. There are several textile factories, although still in an incipient condition, in the capital and some other towns of the department. Mining. No petroleum deposits have been found so far In Manzanares province there are in the department. some naphtha fields, but they have never been worked. A great many of the iuhabitants foUow mining as an occupation, there being in the department, especially in the municipalities of Manizales, Marmato, Riosucio, Mara, Cabal and Salento, rich gold and silver mines. Educational Institutions. There are in the department the following public high schools: the Instituto Universitario, with 250 pupils and 30 professors; a normal school for young men, and one for young women, attended by 85 pupils, including boarding students. In the province capitle
; ;
323
and in the
girls,
boys and
Bu la capital y en las poblaciones ms importantes del departamento existen unos 13 hospitales y casas de beneficencia, a todos los cuales asisten prximamente trescientos enfermos mensuales. Actualmente se trabaja en Manizales en la construccin de un orfelinato, que ser una obra de arte a juzgar por los planos adoptados para su construccin.
los siguientes bancos, cajas de ahorro, de significacin: En Manizales, el Banco de Manizales, el de Caldas, el Banco de Depsitos, la Caja de Ahorros de la Polica Municipal y el Crdito de Artesanos. En Pereira, la casa de J. Castro e Hijos y la de Jess
el
Bancos.
En
departamento hay
casas bancarias,
there are the Instituto Caldas, the Comercial, the Antioquia, the Colegio de Cristo, and. the Seminario Conciliar, in Manizales; the Escuela Apostlica in Cabal, and the Instituto Murillo Toro in Pereira. In 1915, the uumber of enrolments in these institutions was 2945. There are librarles in the different towns of the departnient. Some of them ai'e public, and the others belong to seientific and literary societies. Among them may be mentioned those of Salamina ind Pereira, the last of which belongs to the Instituto Murillo Toro. This institution has also begun a museum. In Manizales there are two public librarles that of the Centenary, with 2500 volumes, including books and pamphlets; and that of the Sociedad de San Vicente, with 200 volumes. The same society has another public library in Pereira, with 700 volumes. Adjoining the Manizales library there is a museum. It has only begun, but it already coutains a' gTcat deal of valuable and curious objects. In the capital and in the most important towns of the department there are about 13 hospitals, and several houses of beneficenee, at which about 300 patients are taken care At present there is in process of conof every month. struction an orphan asjdum, which, judging from the plans, will be a real work of art.
:
men
Banks.
institu-
Cano.
Salamina, el Banco de Salamina. Estos establecimientos cobran eu sus- transacciones el mensual eu cuentas corrientes y pagan el 3% anual por depsitos a la orden. Compaas de Seguros. Existen en IManizales representantes y agentes de las siguientes Compaa Colombiana de Seguros, Compaa General de Seguros, Mutualidad Nacional, Sol del Canad, La Equitativa y Lloyd's. Cadas de Agita. Hay en el departamento varias cadas de agTia, entre las cuales merecen mencin, as por su belleza como por su altura, las sigTiientes: En Mara, Las Nereidas, con una altura de 120 metros, y la de Molinos. En Manizales, la de San Antonio, formada por el ro Blanco, con una altura de 80 metros la de Guacaica, de 25 metros; el salto del Diablo, con 40 metros, y la cada de Las Dantas. En Aguadas, el Salto de Pore, con 60 metros. En Cabal, tres formadas por el ro Campoalegre. Bellezas Naturales. Como belleza natural debe mencionarse, en primer lugar, el soberbio panorama que presentan los nevados de Santa Isabel, Ruiz, El Cisne y Santa Rosa, colocados muy cerca uno de otro, al oriente de Manizales, en la Cordillera Central. Como bellezas naturales pueden tenerse tambin la laguna de San Diego y la del Azufral, la primera en el Municipio de Manzanares y la segunda en el de Mara, ambas en la cima de la Cordillera Central. Existen en las faldas de esta misma cordillera, hacia las vertientes del Ruiz que dan a los Municipios de Mara y Cabal abundantes fuentes termales, consideradas como medicinales, y nacimientos de azufre inagotables.
En
1%%
tions in the department are: the Bank of Manizales, the Bank of Caldas, the Deposits Bank, the Savings Bank of the municipal plice forc, and the Artisans' Credit in Manizales; in Pereira, the house of J. Castro & Hijos and that of Jess Cano; in Salamina, the Bank of Salamina. These institutions eharge an interest of l^/^ per cent monthly on current accounts, and pay up to Vo per cent per year on general deposits. Insurance Companies. There are in Manizales representatives and agents of the foUowing Insurance companies:
Compaa Colombiana de Seguros, Compaa General de Seguros, Mutualidad Nacional, Sol del Canad, La Equitativa, and Lloyd's. There are in the department several Waterfalls. waterfalls, among which the most important on aceount of both their beauty and height are: the Nereidas, in Mara, with a height of 120 meters the Molinos falls, also in Mara; about Manizales, the falls of San Antonio, formed by the Blanco river, with a height of 80 meters; Guacaica, 25 meters El Diablo, 40 meters, and Las Dantas near Aguadas, the Pore falls, 60 meters; and near Cabal, three falls formed by the Campoalegre river. The most beautiful natAttractive Natural Features. ural feature of the department is the chain formed by the Santa Isabel, Ruiz, El Cisne and Santa Rosa nevados, which are very cise to each other, on the Central CorOther very beautiful features dillera, east of Manizales. are the San Diego and Azufral lagoons, the former in the municipality of Manzanares, and the latter in that of Mara, both being in the highlands of tlie Central Cor;
;
dillera.
On the slopes of this Cordillera facing the Ruiz nevado, above the municipalities of Mara and Cabal, there are a gTcat many thermal springs, considered to have great medicinal valu, and several inexhaustible sulphur deposits.
324
man ZALE S
Datos geogrficos. La situacin geogrfica de Manizales, segn Codazzi, es 1 33' 10" longitud occidental del meridiano de Bogot, y 5 6' 15" latitud norte. Pasa el sol por el paralelo de esta ciudad en los das 26 de marzo y 16 de septiembre de cada ao. La altura de Manizales sobre el nivel del mar es de 2140 metros. Su temperatura media anual es de 17 grados centgrados, o sea 62.6 Pahrenheit, o 13.6 Ramur. Montaas. La Cordillera Central de los Andes, que pasa por el oriente y le sirve de lmite con el Departamento del
de las ramificaciones o contrafuertes de la cordillera se encuentra situada la ciudad. La mayor parte del territorio del distrito es montaoso. Eos y rmchxielos. El Chinehin y el Guacaica, que le sirven de lmites respectivamente con los municipios de
Tolima.
Geogra-phical Data.
lies in
ccording
to
Codazzi,
Manizales
longitude 1 33' 10" west of the meridian of Bolatitude 5 6' 15" north.
got,
and
The sun
crosses the
every year.
The
is
2,140 meters.
En una
to
Tolima.
The
city
is
Calle
Real Main
Street
sur y por el norte. El ro Cauca, que corre por el occidente. El riachuelo de Olivares, que pasa cerca de la ciudad, a la que abastece con sus aguas, y que desemboca en el Guacaica, y otros de menor significael
terri-
is
mountaiuous.
Rivers
rivers,
and Streams.
Guacaica
cin.
Habitantes. Tiene cerca de 40,000 habitantes. Vas de comunicacin. De la ciudad arranca una va carretera con una extensin de 5 kilmetros hacia el oliente y parten los siguientes para el Tolima. dos uno para el norte del departamento, y otro para el sur, para Anserma, para Mara y para Palestina. El acarreo de artculos de consumo se hace por medio de animales de carga y con carros tirados por bestias. El paseo del Carretero, llamado hoy "Avenida Cervantes," tiene de ancho en la mayor parte de su extensin 20 metros. Por las calles de la ciudad circulan vehculos de rueda. Muy fundadas esperanzas abriga Manizales de que siis vas de comunicacin habrn de mejorarse considerablemente el da, no lejano, en que se termine el cable areo que habr de comunicarla con Mariquita, cable que hoy se
: ;
and supplies
it
The population
is
Ways
thei'c
of Communication.
A wagn
road 5 kilometers in
In addition
325
Tlie
carretero
(drive)
promenade, There
length.
many
carriages
city.
its
ways of communication
will be
finished that
is
to eonnect
to within a distance of
The Caldas
railroad.
railroad,
when completed,
will eonnect
ManiPacific
Gobernacin
Government House
encuentra a unos 40 kilmetros de la cabecera. Igual cosa aguarda del ferrocarril de Caldas, que habr de unir su capital con el Departamento del Valle, yendo a unirse con
el
Industry and Commerce. The industrial and commereial movemenl of this city is most encouraging. There are in it .several factories, some of them of considerable importance, which bring in fair returns to their owners, and
Industria y cmnercio. Es verdaderamente consolador el movimiento de las industrias y el comercio en esta ciudad. Cuenta con varias fbricas, algunas de ellas de bastante importancia, que dejan a sus propietarios un buen rendimiento y enaltecen a Manizales como ciudad manufacturera. En cuanto al comercio, es cosa ya sabida que el de esta ciudad se distingue por su seriedad y honradez. El comercio de importacin y exportacin se hace por los puertos de Buenaventura y Barranquilla. A la ciudad entran los frutos de las poblaciones vecinas y las mercancas introducidas del exterior y del interior de la repblica las consumen los habitantes de una extensa comarca que de esta plaza se proveen de ellas. La agricultura es la principal ocupacin de los manizaleos de las tierras a ella dedicadas, frtiles en alto grado y con todos los climas, los agricultores abastecen la ciudad de todos los artculos de primera necesidad, en una variedad y abundancia sorprendentes. La ganadera cuenta con numerosas dehesas, donde pasta gran cantidad de ganados vacuno, caballar y de cerda. Las dehesas principales se encuentran situadas en las orillas de los ros Cauca y Chinchin, y al oriente de la ciudad en las faldas de la cordillera. La industria minera produce en bastante cantidad oro y plata de stos hay numerosas minas, algunas de las cuales tinen renombre por la abundancia y buena calidad de sus minerales. Los productos agrcolas principales consisten en la caa de azcar, maz, frsoles, pltano, yuca, arracacha, y toda
; ;
As
to its
commerce,
it is
well
known
its
business men.
The import and export commerce is carried on through the ports of Buenaventura and Barranquilla.
Many
to
the city
frora abroad
and from
Agriculture
tants,
is
and abundance,
consumed
siderable
There are a great many live-stock farms, where connumbers of cattle, horses and hogs are raised.
The principal ones are situated on the banks of the Cauca and Chinchin rivers, and on the slopes of the cordillera,
towards the east of the
city.
The mining industry produces large qiiantities of gold and silver. There are many mines of this kind, several of which are famous on account of the abundance and good
quality of their ores.
clase
de legumbres y frutas. De la ciudad no se exportan otros artculos que caf y pieles, en una cantidad grande. El oro y la plata se remiten a IMedelln, de donde se exportan en barras para el
exterior.
Correos y felf/rafos. La ciudad est en comunicacin por medio del telgrafo con todo el pas. Para el servicio municipal existe una instalacin telefnica, con aparatos en las principales haciendas. La oficina de correos funciona con toda correccin, con itinerarios bien establecidos. Tambin funciona un servicio oficial de correos urbanos. Instruccin pblica. Halagador es el nmero de estudiantes de uno y otro sexo que concurren a los establecimientos de instruccin, tanto pblicos como privados, nue existen en el municipio. En las fracciones se encuentran numerosas escuelas oficiales y es el nimo del a-obierno establecerlas dondequiera que se presente un nmero de nios oue alcance siquiera a veinte, de cada sexo. Existe una buena biblioteca pblica en la ciudad y un museo. Bancos. Tres bancos funcionan en la ciudad el de Manizales, el de Caldas y el del Ruiz. Estos establecimientos
:
Plaza Principal
Main Square
326
Calles y edificios. Manizales est situada en una localidad desigual, a causa del terreno. Las calles estn de .sur a norte y las carreras de oriente a occidente. La numeracin de las calles se extiende hasta el nmero 22 y la de
las carreras hasta el 20.
distinguen por su belleza y elegande la Inmaculada, el palacio de gobierno, el hospital, la crcel del circuito, el Instituto Universitai'io, el convento de los Padres Agustinos, y varios particulares de mucho gusto, amplitud y solidez. Kentas y gastos. El presupuesto de rentas y gastos para 1916 asciende a la suma de $108,505 oro.
los edificios se
Entre
cia la catedi'al, la
iglesia
FiDidirdires:
Instituto Universitario
Eiluanlo Hoyos,
1848. 1849. 1850.
Se hace el desmonte para la fundacin de la ciudad. Se entregan los primeros solares, se construyen los primeros edificios y se erige el Distrito Parroquial de Manizales. Se posesionan los primeros empleados municipales, y se bendice la primera capilla. Se establece el juzgado del circuito. Se funda el primer banco. Se introduce la primera imprenta y se funda el primer peridico, llamado El Ruiz. Manizales es capital de la Provincia del Sur. Manizales es cabecera del Circuito Judicial del Sur. Se establecen el tribunal y el juzgado superior. Se instala el servicio telefnico. Se erige la dicesis de Manizales. Es consagrado el primer obispo. Manizales es capital del Departamento de Caldas. Se inaugura el alumbrado pblico de la ciudad y empieza a funcionar la escuela normal de varones. Empieza sus labores la escuela normal de seoritas. Se inaugura el instituto universitario.
cae, corn,
and
all
kinds of fruits
The only
tities
artieles
silver
mined are
city comniunicates
by
tele-
graph with
all
There
is
a tele-
phone plant for the service of the city and the neighboring
farms.
The
post-office
established schedules.
PiMic
lic
Instruction.
both pub-
19.
2. 3.
4.
5. 6.
7.
Abad
8. 9.
10. 11.
Donado y Ronga
Droguera Central Estanislao Estrada Escobar y ngel Echeverri Vallejo y Ca. Gutirrez y Ossa Gutirrez y Saravia
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
3(i.
and prvate,
is
most encouraging.
lie
and
it is
the pur-
Gmez Hermanos
Alejandro Gutirrez e Hijos Liborio Gutirrez e Hijos Gutirrez Rivera y Ca. Carlos Gabiria Jos Gmez C.
them wherever there are 20 or more children of each sex. The city has a good library and a museum.
Banks.
zales,
H. Medina y Ca.
Vicente Hoyos Hoyos Sann y Ca. Pedro Jaramillo Alfonso Jaramillo Juan de D. Jaramlo e Hijos Alejandro Londoo y Ca. Juan B. Lpez
There are three banks in the city: the Manithe Caldas and the Ruiz. These establishments
Demetrio -Meja
Colom-
Streets
and Buildings.
The
(carreras)
even ground.
streets
avenues
from
west.
The
20.
streets
are
numbered up
avenues up to
Among
Barracks
327
able size.
Luis C. MuriUo Rufino E. MuriUo Alberto Meja y Ca. Francisco A. Meja Abel Meja
Librera Catlica Fidel Marn
Rudecindo Ocampo
Sinforoso
Ocampo
Pinzn y Ca. Teodosio Quintero Jos J. Restrepo y Ca. Robledo ViUegas y Ca.
Piedrahita Hermanos Flix Salazar e Hijos Cristbal Santamara
55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
Singer Machine Co. Juan Salazar Francisco Senz M. Francisco Senz G. Efram Salazar
The budget
of incomes
and
Eduardo Hoyos,
1848. 1849.
Camilo Villegas
Liborio Villegas
and
is
created.
first
The The
The
first
chapel
1864. 1873. 1875.
blessed.
1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
CASAS EXPOBTADOBAS DE CAPE COFFEE-EXPOBTING HODSES Gmez Hermanos 9. Rafael Genaro Meja Guillermo Isaza 10. Francisco Serrano 11. Juan Salazar Jaramillo Cordobs y Ca. Guillermo Camargo 12. Echeverri Ocampo y Ca. Vicencio Upegui G. 13. Pinzn y Ca. Rudecindo Ocampo 14. Botero, Toro y Ca. Alejandro Londoo y Ca. 15. Francisco Jaramillo Ochoa Francisco Senz M. 16. Manuel Meja y Ca.
CASAS EXPORTADOBAS DE OBO Y PLATA EXPORTEES OF GOLD AND SILVEB Carlos Pinzn 5. HeUodoro Restrepo Manuel Meja y Ca. 6. Vlez Hermanos Francisco Serrano 7. Cristbal Santamara Doctor Juan A. Toro U. 8. R. Elias Murillo Gregorio Baena CASAS EXPORTADORAS DE CACAO
first circuit
first
court
is
established.
bank
is
founded.
is
The first
printing plant
is
first
newspaper,
called El Ruiz,
founded.
1876.
Manizales beoomes the capital of the Provincia del Sur (Province of the South).
1895.
1.
2.
1897.
1899.
are established.
3.
4.
The
first
bishop
is
is
ordained.
t. 2. 3.
CACAO-EXPORTING HOUSES Nacianceno Uribe 5. Jess Atehorta Vicente Uribe 6. Alejandro Restrepo I.
Francisco Duran Luis Henao H.
7.
Manizales
made
is
4.
8.
1909.
Public lighting
young
1910. 1914.
EXPORTADORES DE PIELES EXPOBTERS OF HIDBS Manuel Meja y Ca. 3. Vicencio Upegui G. 1. Jos J. Toro 4. Juan de J. Calle e Hijos 2. Valor de la propiedad raz del Municipio de Manizales
Fincas urbanas Fincas rurales
$4,937,500 2,774,250 $7,711,750
men is opened. The normal school for young ladies is opened. The Instituto Universitario is opened.
Real Estte of the Munidpality of Manizales.
$4,937,500
2,774,250
Valu of
the
Total
$7,711,750
de muchas de
especficos.
ellas
y de toda
clase
de
EspeciaUdad de la Farmacia: el famoso Vino Hematgeno, el mejor reconstituyente y el mejor especfico para las anemias, no importa la causa que las produzca. Se fabrica la mejor y ms barata Tinta Blbu, que compite en precio y caKdad con la extranjera. Obtuvo mencin en la ltima Exposicin Industrial de Manizales. Pereira, Caldas, Colombia.
Here may Specialty in pharmacy. be bought the famous vino hematgeno, the best tonic and vigorizer, good for
malaria.
Manufacturers of the popular Blue Ink (Tinta Bleu), as good if not better Honorable than the imported ink. mention at the Industrial Exposition
of Manizales.
Pereira,'Caldas, Colombia.
328
LIBlO
AZUL
r)E
Capital,
$500,000
oro.
Paid
capital,
$500,000.
AU
ations.
Drafts on foreign
cualquier plaza
del exterior.
gi-
markets.
Compra y venta de
ros,
The bank
drafts on
sells
and buys
de terceros.
its
own account
Col-
and on commission.
lects
bilis
on
Manizales
Dis-
merchants.
counts.
Loans,
descuentos.
Solicita correspondencia.
Wants
correspon-
dents.
Manizales, ColomMa.
Manizales, Colombia.
ClA.
Hermanos
el
ao de 1902.
7.
Owners: Piedrahita
&
Co.
N."
MARCO
PIE-
Se ocupa en la venta de toda clase de y artculos en general de seda, lana y algodn, y quincallera en general.
telas
and
in general
Hardware.
Bankers in Manizales:
Bank
of Caldas.
Comisinistas
ea
Buenaventura:
Posada
Commission agents in Barranquilla: V.Dugand & Son. Commission Posada & Co.
Schutte,
&
Ca.
agents
in
Buenaventura:
Nueva York: A. Held & Bunemann & Co., Alejandro ngel &Ca., Mecke & Co G, Amsinck & Co., Pottberg, Ebeling & Co., Antioquia ComRelacionados en
Schutte,
Correspondents in
New
York: A. Held
&
&
Co..
Bunemann & Co., Alejandro ngel Meck & Co., G. Amsinck & Co., Pott-
Relacionados en Pars:
R. Firmin
Fourquez Toutin & Azam, Aubert Fould & Co., Kiefe & Co., Andr Seys.
Relacionados en Manchester:
A. S.
& &
Co., Co.,
berg, Ebeling
&
Co., Antioquia
Commercial
Correspondents in
Paris:
Henry
Co-, Ltd., Steinthal & Co., S. L. Behrens (Manchester), Ltd.. JafT & Sons. David Midgley & Sons, Ltd., G. Gottschalck & Co.. Schill Brothers, Ltd., Coramercial Bank of
&
& Azam,
Fould
&
Co., Kiefe
&
in
Correspondents
Manchester:
Steinthal
A.
S.
Henry &
Behrens.
Co., Ltd.,
Ltd..
&
Co., S. L.
Relacionados en Londres: CommercialBank Spanish America, Ltd., Ad. Ries & Co. Relacionados en Barcelona.
:
M.
JafFe
&
Sons,
David
Midgley
Schill
&
&
Co..
of
Palu
J.
Palu
&
&
Luria,
Bank
Ca.
canti
&
..,^^^^^^^^^-,
T^i^
London:
Commercial
^^^^^^^^H
Mercier
&Co.
Relacionados en Ginebra:
M.
& G. Dreyfus.
S.
A.
Lele,
Switzerland,
& Ca. Correspondents in Miln: Con& per L'Exportazione, Lubbe & Hasche. Correspondents in Mercier & Ci. Correspondents in Geneva: M. and G. Dryfus.
S.
Gresham, Blundell
Gotscher
&
Co., Ltd., L.
N. Hardy
&
Co.
A,
Correspondent in Bradford:
in
Relacionados en Birmingham;
&
Co.
Co., Ltd., L. N.
Birmingham:
Relacionados en Genova:
Relacionados en Liverpool:
Stefano Pastore
&
Figli.
&
Co.
&
Figli.
Correspondents
Hughes, Alexander
&
in Liverpool:
Hughes, Alexander
&
Co.
&
Relacionados en Monza:
oni.
Gino Pozzi
&
Co., G. B. Valera
&
Ricci, Enrico
Tron-
Co., G. B. Valera
&
Manizales, C'ulombia
Manizales, Colombia
329
& Company
and Colombian concerns, which have placed their entire confidence and have shown themselves thoroughly satisfied with its work
propaganda,
articles
in of
exten-
much
Propietarios: Roberto Restrepo
Manizales, Colombia
Casa establecida en Medelln en 1887, y en Manizales en 1904. Por la severidad acostumbrada en sus negocios y su bien cimentado crdito, ha conquistado sitio prominente en la confianza de las ms respetables casas del pas y del exterior.
Representa varias importantes casas productoras de Europa, Estados Unidos y el pas, las cuales han depositado en ella la ms absoluta confianza y han quedado satisfechas de la actividad en la propaganda de sus artculos, del consumo que a ellos les ha dado, y, especialmente, de la cordura que la ha caracterizado para recomendar productos cientficamente preparados.
praised.
&
Ca.
In
line,
the
it
dental
may
be
drugs,
medi-
cines
and chemicals
En
el
depsito
ramo dental, puede asegurarse que el pas no cuenta con un ms completo. Ha sido desde su fundacin agencia general
de toda casa productora de este artculo. Las drogas, medicinas y productos qumicos se han captado la confianza del pblico, por su pureza y frecuente renovacin, lo que permite garantizarlos en la eficacia de sus resultados.
have won the confidence of the public, on account of their purity and freshness, which guarantee their efficacy.
OFICINAS DE JUAN
A.
TORO E HIJOS
Export
coffee
By
wire:
Doctoro.
Manizales, Colombio.
Manizales, Colombia.
330
URIBE
Gran
rretera
C.
VALLEJO
fe-
&
ClA
surtido
y artculos de fantasa. nicos vendedores de los afamados artculos de punto, fabricados por Uribe C. y Ca. en esta ciudad. Los precios y condiciones son favorables. 3." Calle Beal, Manizales, Colombia.
Large stock of dry goods, hardware and fancy artieles. General store. Sol sellers of the famous mesh goods manufactured by Uribe C. & Co. of this city. Keasonable prices and terms.
o.* Calle Beal,
Manizales, Colombia.
ALBERTO MEJIA
Propietarios: Hijos
de Alfonso Robledo
H.,
Proprietors:
& CO.
Sons of Alfonso Robledo
Colombia.
Alberto Meja
Vicente Gutirrez M.
Manizales,
Casa establecida en esta ciudad en el ao de 1906. Los grabados representan el interior de sus dos almaneenes, que estn situados en la primera cuadra de la calle del comercio. Importa sus mercancas directamente de los principales centros productores del mundo. Una de las especialidades de esta renombrada casa es el Sombrero DE SuAZA. Mantiene una fuerte existencia de este artculo, para poder atender oportunamente a los muchos pedidos con que frecuentemente
favorecen sus clientes. seriedad que esta casa gasta en sus negocios y que constituye su lema principal: Vender Mucho y Ganar Poco, la colocan en la primera escala; su capital aumenta cada da, debido a la mucha confianza que le dispensan sus relacionados de dentro y fuera del pas. Esta casa va a la vanguardia de las dems de su especie en este departamento, debiilo a que mantiene el mejor y ms completo surtido de artculos de abarrotes, cacharrera, telas del pas y extranjeras.
la
La
Established in this city in 1906. The illustration represents the interior of the stores belonging to the firm and situated on the principal street of this city. The firm imports its goods from the best European and American markets. It makes a specialty of the famous Suaza hats, of which it has a great and always renewed stock to attend successfully to the constant orders of its many customers. Owing to the seriousness and respectability of the firm, it occupies a high position in the commercial centers of the
republic. Its capital increases daily, thanks to its prestige in the country and abroad. The store has always a large stock of dry goods, hardware, and country and for-
eign cloths.
331
M.
of Seor Abel Meja M.,
is
Abel Meja M.'s "America" Store Almacn Amrica, de propiedad del seor Abel Meja M., es uno, The "America" store, property de los ms grandes establecimientos de comercio con que cuenta la
El
prspera ciudad de Manizales, capital del Departamento de Caldas. Fu fundada esa casa en el ao de 1907 y desde esa fecha sus negocios
one of
Department
of
Caldas.
han tenido un constante crecimiento. Sus importaciones provienen principalmente de los Estados Unidos de Amrica, Inglaterra, Francia, Italia, Suiza, Espaa, etctera, pases de
donde
las
This house was established in the year 1907 and from that time the
business has constantly increased.
Its
England, France,
Italy,
se
surte
de infinidad de artculos de
ms
acreditadas fbricas.
supplied
an
infinity
of
articles
al
ramo
in
The "America"
extending
the
branch of hardware,
so
partments
of
Antioquia,
etc.,
Tolima,
didad de surtirse sin recurrir a otras casas. Otro de los ms importantes ramos de este
veniently
make
almacn
es el
la zapatera
sity of going to
any other
store.
Another of the
is
talabartera, pues
se encuentra el
mejor
that of
y todo
lo
is
to be found
y de fabricacin
nacional.
Permanent
assortment
of
foreign
and
El seor Meja M.
es accionista
de bancos
national textiles.
Seor Meja
is
del pas.
Manizales, Colombia.
Calle Real,
Manizales, Colombia.
fundacin de nuevas fbricas, seal inequvoca de su progreso. Entre las que se han fundado ltimamente figura en primer trmino la de Cigarrillos de la Sociedad Tabaquera del Ruiz, que cuenta con capital de $300,000 oro en acciones suscritas por las siguientes importantes casas de comercio de Medelln: Compaa Industrial Unida de Cigarrillos, Escobar, Eestrepo & Ca.; de Manizales: Alberto Meja & Ca., Gutirrez, Meja & Ca., Sinforoso Ocampo G., Manuel Meja & Ca., Gutirrez, Sarabia & Ca., Abel Meja M. y Vicencio Upegui G. Cuenta la fbrica con un cmodo local de su propiedad y adecuado para el efecto. Su maquinaria es modernsima, apropiada y capaz para elaborar los dintintos estilos de cigarrillos que se consumen en el pas, desde el de ms fina cahdad, fabricado con la mejor picadura de la Habana que se introduce duectamente, hasta los elaborados con el superior tabaco colombiano cultivado cientficamente, clases que satisfacen plenamente a los ms exigentes fumadores.
The industrious Manizales, capital of the Department of Caldas, Repubc of Colombia, advantageously situated, has given another proof of its progressive enterprising spirit, founding and building new factories and manufacturing centers.
Among those founded recently may be cited the Ruiz Tobacco Company, with a capital of $300,000 gold, divided into shares abeady subscribed by many rich and well known merchants, such as:
Restrepo
Compaa Industrial Unida de From Manizales. Alberto Meja & Co.; Gutirrez
From
Medelln.
Cigarrillos;
Escobar
&
Co.
Meja
&
Co.:
Manuel Meja
&
Co.;
Gutirrez
Sarabia
&
Vicencio Upegui G.
is in a fine building admirably suited for the purpose. out with very modern machinery for all kinds of cigars and cigarettes manufactured therein. These are manufactured with the best mixture imported from Havana, Cuba, good enough to satisfy the most fastidious connoisseurs addicted to^theitobaoco habit.
The
is
factory
It
fitted
332
&
Co. of MedeDn. House founded in Lahnde & Co. ChiefManager: Ricardo EscobarU. I Managers: J. J. Hoyos and Ricardo
Banco Sucre.
Caldas, Palacio
Agents in Barranquilla
Alzamora,
Manizales. Comisionistas de la casa en Cartagena: Pineda Lpez & Ca. Comisionistas de la casa en Barranquilla: Alzamora, Palacio & Ca. Comisionistas de la casa en Buenaventura: Posada & Ca. Relaciones en Nueva York: United States Steel Products Company, General Electric Co., Antioquia Commercial Corpn., R. Echavarra & Ca. Relaciones en Pars: Fourquez, Toutin & Azam. Relaciones en Manchester: SchiUBros., Ltd., A. & S. Henry & Co., Limited, G. Gottschalck & Co., Jaff & Sons. Relaciones en Birmingham: Th. W. Petersen & Co, Ltd., G. Gottschalck & Co. Relaciones en Londres: Charles Lavy & Co., Ltd. Relaciones en Ottawa, Canad: The Pedlar People, Limited. Relaciones en Barcelona: Palu y Luria, J. Armenteras. Relaciones en Dundee: Low & Bonar, Ltd. Relaciones en Schenectady: N. Y., U. S. A.: General Electric Company. Relaciones en Kenosha, Wisconsin, U. S. A.: Simmons Manufacturing Company. Manizales, Colombia.
&
Co.
pez
&Co.
Correspondents in New York: United States Steel Products Co., General Electric Antioquia Co., Commercial Corporation, R. Eohaverra & Co. Correspondents in Paris: Fourquez, Toutin & Azam. Correspondents in Manchester: SchiU Bros., Ltd., A. & S. Henry &
Co., Ltd., Gottschalck
&
Co., Jaf
&
Sons.
Birmingham:
Th.
W.
Petersen
&
Co., Ltd., G.
Charles Levy & Co., Ltd. Ottawa, Canad: The Pedlar People, Limited. Barcelona, Spain: Palu and Luria, U. Armenteras. Dundee: Low and Bonar, Ltd. Schenectady, N. Y., U. S. A.: General Electric
London:
Company.
Correspondents in Kenosha, Wisconsin, U.
S. A.:
Manizales, Colombia.
lvaho Carvajal
varias exposiciones.
Specialty in
religious
sculpture.
Wooden images
Plans
for
etc.
with
gold
ornaments.
altars,
churches,
tabernacles,
wood and
Medellin.
lime.
Engraving
in marble.
in
Sculpture, architecture
and painting
Alvaro Carvajal
&
Sons.
Por
telgrafo:
Carvajales.
Wire:
"Carvajales," Manizales.
Manizales, Colombia.
333
PEREIRA
Es Pereira la ciudad ms importante del Departamento de Caldas, despus de la de Manizales. Est situada en el mismo punto en donde primeramente fu fundada la ciudad de Cartago, a 1,418 metros sobre el nivel del mar, con temperatura media de 21; cien la poblacin el ro Otn, el arroyo Egoy y el riachuelo Consota. Segn el censo de 1912, tiene 18,428 habitantes. Cuenta la ciudad con ms de 100 casas de dos pisos, hermoso cementerio, teatro, calles amplias y i'ectas, plaza de ferias, y gran comercio de importacin y exportacin. Hllase esta ciudad en una planicie de suelo hmedo y feraz es uno de los municipios ms importantes del pas en materia, de industria cafetera, pues cuenta cerca de 400 cafetales, con un promedio aproximado de 3,700,000 rboles. En la gTan planicie inclinada que llega casi hasta la orilla del ro Cauca, hay grandes potreros de pastos artificiales, caa de azcar, maz, frsoles, pltanos, y abundancia de ganado mayor y menor. Las ferias de ganados que se celebran anualmente en esta comercial poblacin, tienen fama en el pas. Para darse cuenta exacta de la importancia comercial de Pereira y de la raza que la habita, basta con transcribir el siguiente concepto de un notable orador: "Aqu se toca la vida, se siente el calor de todo movimiento que se transforma en luz, se oye el bullicio de lo activo de la colmena humana, se escucha el ruido musical del trabajo y parece que asistiramos a los banquetes de una raza batalladora que coron la cima y contina laborando, laborando en los talleres del progreso. Calles llenas de agitacin, cercadas por edificios de construccin moderna, quintas pintorescas, correr de gentes, cul a sus dehesas, cul a sus talleres. Es el movimiento de una sociedad joven, el vigoroso palpitar de un pueblo que se siente en posesin de sus conquistas honradas, de lo que gan con supremo esfuerzo, y que tiene la confianza de sias grandes y futuros destinos." Pereira es la capital de la provincia de su nombre, compuesta de los Municipios de Armenia, Cabal, Calarc, Cir;
Next to Manizales, Pereira is the main city of the Department of Caldas. It occupies the site where Cartago was originally founded, 1,418 meters above sea-level. Its average temperature is 21 C. The Otn river, the Egoy stream, and the Consota brook form a girdle about the city. According to the 1912 census, the population is
18,428 inhabitants. There are in the city over 100 tvo-story houses, a beautiful cemetery, and a square where commercial fairs are held. The streets are straight and wide. Import and export trade is vei-y active. The city is on a platean whose soil is damp and fertile, and the municipality is one of the most important in the republic as regards the coffee industry, there being in it some 400 cofl'ee plantatious with about 3,700,000 trees. On the slopes that extend almost to the Cauca river there are large cultivated-grass pastures whre large quantities of live stock are raised; and also sugar-cane, eorn, bean, and plantain elds. The cattle fairs held every year in this busy town are famous throughout the republic. The following passage from a noted orator will give a fair idea of the commercial importance of Pereira and of Here one touehes lif e the character of its inhabitants feels that heat which, produced by motion, tums to light; and hears the noise of the busy human hive, and the musical sound of steady VFork. It seems as if one were present at the camps of a fighting race that, having reached the summit, contines to labor in the workshops of Here one sees streets alive with energy, lined progress. by buildings of modern construction picturesque quintas streams of people running to their fields or tbeir shops. It is the movement of a young community, the vigorous throbbing of a people proud of its honest conquests, of things it secured after supreme efforts, and confident of
'
:
'
great fture. Pereira is the capital of the province of the same ame, which cousists of the municipalities of Armenia, Cabal, Calarc, Circasia, Pilandia, Marsella, Montenegro, and
its
Montenegro y Salento.
Salento.
LA
BODEGA INGLESA
R.
Pablo Arias
Colombia
Gran almacn de
llera,
ferretera,
quinca-
Large hardware
drugs.
store,
crockery and
Kola Posada Tobn y de los fsforos marca T. M. Jaramillo e Hijos. Depde harina La Medalla. Cajas de hierro para caudales. Despulpadoras de
sito
caf.
shoemakers and sadAgents for the Posada-Tobn dlers. Kola and the watches made by Toms
Goods
for
M. Jaramillo La Medalla
machinery.
Iron safes.
Coffee
Relojes, etc.
la acrediel
Ruiz,
Watches. General store. Founders and owners of the well known Ruiz Soap Factory, the ohly manufacturing plant with a building of its own and fitted out with modern machinery.
y maquinaria moderna.
.^.Slwi
.
334
LA JULIA
Luis Jaramillo Waiker, Propietario; Enrique Jaramillo G., Administrador.
Luis Jaramillo Waiker, owner; Enrique Jaramillo G., Manager. Situated on the rich regions of Quindo, Colombia; considered the
largest
Situada en las ricas regiones del Quindo, en Colombia; es la hacienda que mayor nmero de rboles de caf cuenta en produccin. Doscientos mil rboles del precioso fruto dan sus opimas cosechas y hacen de esta herniosa propiedad una de las ms valiosas haciendas
agrcolas de la repblica.
coffee plantation in
Colombia.
Two hundred
No
doubt
this
is
Adems de sus cafetales, cuenta la hacienda con quinientas hectreas de terrenos propios para Ja ceba y cra de ganados, con riegos de agua abundante y numerosas cadas que dan fuerza a varias importantes empresas, como a la luz elctrica que sirve a la ciudad de Pereira, a la trilladora de don Jos Carlos Villegas; a la fundicin de don Antonio Quintero y a la trilladora y maEsta quinarias de la misma hacienda. trilladora tiene una capacidad de nueve mil quintales mensuales.
Se emplean en las diversas fases del laboreo del caf diariamente hasta cuatrocientos trabajadores.
This
plantation
adjoins
large
cattle
owned
by
this
Company.
energy
Large wateris
where
electrical
developed,
plant of
steel milis of
the the
Julia.
hacienda con una beneficiadora de caf molido, de manera que el fruto que rodea el hermoso edificio de las desoerezadoras, da sus frutos y all mismo, por medio de mquinas modernas es beneficiado hasta servirse en la misma hacienda en forma de bebida aromtica y deliciosa.
Cuenta
la
dred workers.
this
is is
product
All this
para completar el cuadro, una hermosa todo el confort apetecible, sirve a los dueos de la propiedad, como el rendezvous de la nobleza y la hidalgua.
casa, con
A
ers
and
its
ownthe
all
It
may
be
as
el
Llegar a esta propiedad es algo que tiene alto valor de los sentimientos nobles y
real
pleasure
resort,
is
Una
de las
everything that
here.
found
like-
here reproduced,
life
has fought
De
the battle of
energetic spirit
liroclaim
with sucoess.
His
him a man
mental
como
tico
el antioqueo dio ejemplo prcintroduciendo maquinarias modernas y desarrollando a despecho del rutinarismo de otros tiempos, la siembra del caf hasta obtener en asocio de
He was
coffee
the
first
to introduce
modern
and converting od
otros no
menos distinguidos
industriales
que
hoy
siembra del delicioso fruto sea primera industria de este rico departamento. Pereira, Caldas.
la
la
and
Casa de
la
hacienda
Farm bouse
335
Cafetal
Coffee Plantation
J.
CARLOS VILLEGAS
Farmer, Exporter, Agent.
Pereira, Caldas, Colombia, S.
in 1906.
A.
JOTACE.
Owner
of the thresh-
in 1901.
Fundada en
1901.
Propiedad de
J.
Carlos Villegas.
The
has
threshing works
and
Este establecimiento de beneficiar caf est situado en las cercanas de la ciudad de Pereira, y ha sido mejorado con todos los adelantos modernos: tiene estufa Pinillos; raeda hidrulica Pelton; mquinas descascaradora, separadora La Perfecta, separadora de caracolillo, todas ellas de la acreditada fbrica de los seores John Cordn & Co.
de Londres.
All
all
modern improvements.
mismo
tiene tostador
mono, fabricados en el pas, y cuyo producto est muy acreditado. Cuenta tambin el establecimiento con una fbrica de hielo, que
satisface las necesidades de la ciudad.
He
owns an
city,
and an
electric-
light plant.
Para
el
alumbrado,
el
ClA.
Great stock
Mantienen permanentemente un magnfico Ventas exclusivasurtido de telas extranjeras y del pas. mente al por mayor. Exportan constantemente frutos del pas; llaman la atencin acerca de la excelencia del caf que venden por medio
europeas.
and country
cloths.
Exporters of Colombian
articles.
New
York.
Pereira, Caldas.
336
R.
& E. ECHEVERRI
Comerciantes
R.
&
E.
ECHEVERRI
and
agents.
sionistas.
Merchants
Great
Stores.
partamento
Colombia.
Groeers.
Hardware.
Jewels.
Arms
Agents
Gran almacn de cachajoyera, rros, abarrotes, artculos para hombre, etc. Especialistas en armas y
and ammunition.
Would
eign firms.
By
bia.
wire: Bobermillo.
JESS CANO M.
JESS CANO M.
BANQUERO
COMISIONISTA
Pereiea, Colombia
BANKER
COMMISSION AGENT
Pereiba, Colombia
ao de
surtido de drogas y productos qumiCorreccin, prontitud y esmero en el despacho. Ofrece las mejores referencias.
cos.
Gran
^3
I^^Ht
PPiV^ s
hm^^^^H
Especialidades de las mejores casas produc- ^^^^^^Hll^ toras de Europa y Estados Unidos. Introduccin directa.
KtZ^^^^I^B 1
1 1
Large stock of drugs and chemical producs. Specialty in filling prescriptions. Best references.
in
Imports directly from the best kno-wn houses Europe and the United States.
Address: Dr. A. Campo, Apartado No.
Pereira, Caldas, Colombia.
1.
Dirigirse al doctor A.
Pereira, Caldas,
ECHEVERRI &
ClA.
ECHEVERRI &
ClA.
Comerciantes t Comisionistas
Introduccin de mercancas francesas, inglesas
y americanas.
Un
Stock
con-
novado.
Pereira e Ibagu.
337
LUIS
EDUARDO MEJlA
Comerciante
Introductor
Import
Merchant
EL BUEN GUSTO
El mejor almacn de Armenia, en
artculos
The
best store of
para
regalos.
Ferretera,
cris-
Armenia in artiHardware,
stationery,
glass-
crockery,
cacharros,
novelties,
novedades,
papelera,
ware,
We
outsell
talera, abarrotes
everybody.
and terms.
eorre-
Sus precios y
competencia.
condiciones no admiten
Would
standing.
enter
into
business
Desean
relaciones
co-
Dirjase la
Absaln Gmez R., actuales proprietarios de la empresa. La casa produce entre otros
especficos la
This finn was established in 1914 by Messrs. Rodolfo Jos Manuel Naranjo. The first of them was the inventor of several patent medicines, and the second entered as capitalist partner. The firm was incorporated in 1916 by Jos Manuel Naranjo and Absaln Gmez, present owners of the
le den nombre de Panacea, el vino San Jorge, tan conocido, pildoras inglesas para fros y
el
yentes contra la anemia, vino tnico reconstituyente, nutritivo contra el raquitismo, etc. El distintivo de estos productos, es la marca de fbrica
consistente en el fotograbado del inventor. Estos productos fueron premiados con el primer diploma de honor en la exposicin de Manizales en
registrada,
concern. The firm produces the following patent medicines: the "Mentoline pain killer," well known all over the country; San Jorge Wine; English Pilis for malaria and anemia, and Vino Reconstituyente for general weakness. The trade mark of all these producs obtained first prize at the Manizales Exposition of 1915.
1915. edita un peridico de circulacin gratis, El PoPULAB, cuya edicin es de 3,000 El socio Jos ejemplares. Manuel Naranjo R. tiene establecido en la misma ciudad,
La casa
The
firm
publishes
newspaper which
has
a a
circulation of 3,000.
Mr.
un almacn
artculos
al
por mayor, de
Jos Manuel Narajo, one of the partners, has also a general store in the town.
338
IMPRENTA "LA
Daniel S. Arango. Esta imprenta, montada a la moderna, con todos
Propietario:
PAZ'
los adelantos
de
Thi'a printing house, up-to-date in
la industria, ofrece sus trabajos a precios mdicos. Garantiza nitidez en la impresin y cumplimiento exacto
en sus com-
promisos.
Low
prices.
Como rgano de sus labores edita un peridico propio, que merced a su regularidad, a su tiraje, 1500 ejemplares, ha adquirido merecido crdito como el mejor anunciador de esta regin de Colombia. Esta imprenta solicita muestras, catlogos, canjes y da toda clase de
informes.
Has newspaper
and
is
of its
own
(1,600 copies);
specializes in advertising,
Best references.
LA PATRIA
Armenia, Departamento de Caldas.
Fbrica de bebidas gaseosas. Este famoso establecimiento fu funel ao de 1911 por el seor Martiniano Calle. Sus productos son reconocidos en toda la regin como los de mejor calidad en su gnero; la fama la han obtenido debido a que los ele-
Manufacturing and preparation of soda waters and soft drinks. This famous establishment was founded in the year 1911 by Mr. Martiniano Calle.
Its producs are reoognized as the very best and have been pronounced as the best by the pubUc, who gives them preferenoe over
dado en
y pueden
others.
gusto y las condiciones tnicas e higinicas y el bajo ponen fuera de toda competencia. Se toma por dos motivos, por placer y por salud. Se encuentra en eUas lo til, mezclado con lo agradable. La empresa sohoita de los fabricantes de artculos relacionados con
La suavidad,
el
may
ence, samples
be consumed both for pleasure and for health. Correspondand catalogues requested. Best of references on request.
y en
Armenia, Department of Caldas.
Vallejo y Restrepo
vado.
Telgrafo, NePereira, Caldas. Comerciantes y Comisionistas. Cdigos Samper y Lieber 's. Almacn de modas. Importacin
dress:
Merchants and commissioa agents. Pereira, Caldas. Telegraph adNevado. Codes used: Samper and Lieber 's. Pashion store.
directa.
Direct importation.
Carlos Calle A.
Fbrica de galpagos y lo concerniente al ramo. Este taller emplea preferentemente los materiales de la fbrica de Chapinero, Bogot. Armeiiia, Caldas, Colombia.
El Quindo.
El Quindo. Manufacture of saddles and leather goods. We use material rom the Chapinero (Bogot) tannery for the making of our goods. Armenia, Caldas, Colombia.
ngel y
Especialistas en cacharros, abarrotes, Comerciantes y agentes. drogas y artculos de novedad. Se encargan de agencias nacionales y extranjeras. Eeerencias a satisfaccin. Armenia, Caldas, Colombia.
Ca,
Merchants and agents. Speeialty in retail groeeries, drugs and Agents for foreign and national business houses. Good Armenia, Caldas, Colombia. references.
novelties.
Duque A. Tabares
Comerciantes. Gran almacn de abarrotes, drogas, cacharros, arTodo de primera calidad, y a los precios tculos de ferretera, etc. ms bajos de plaza. Telgrafo: Dutababes. Armenia, Caldas.
Merchants. Great stores. Grocers. Druggists. Hardware. Everything best quality and at lowest prices. Telegraphic address: DutaArmenia, Caldas. bares.
Francisco Salazar T.
Sastre diplomado. En Surtido permanente de paos, diferentes estilos. ltimos adelantos del arte moderno. Armenia, Caldas, Colombia.
Comerciante.
su sastrera
moderna da toda
clase de garantas.
Merehant. Tailor with diploma. In a position to please everybody. Fair terms. Large stock of woolen goods. New styles. Great variThe very latest in tailoring. Armenia, Caldas, Colombia. ety.
Manuel Montoya R.
Comisionista. Casa fundada en 1916. Abarrotes, Comerciante. cacharrera y quincalla. Especialidad en puntillas, hierro, herraduras y vinos espaoles. Surtido completo y renovado constantemente.
Merehant. Commission agent. House founded in 1916. Grocers. Ironmougers. Sellers Hardware. Speeialty in carpen ters' nails. of Spanish wines. Stock constantly renewed. Armenia, Caldas.
Armenia, Caldas.
Ramn y
'
Clmaco Velsquez
Fashion store. Armenia, Caldas. Merchants, commission agents and agriculturists. Agency for the Mutualidad Nacional and Empresa Nacional de Curtidos. Samples and catalogs.
Almacn de Modas, Armenia, Caldas. Comercientes, comisionisAgencia de la Mutualidad Nacional y de la Emtas y agricultores. presa Nacional de Curtidos. Solicitan muestras y catlogos.
'
'
'
Owners, Manuel J. Gutirrez M. and Co. Importers from the first Makers of the oelebrated Antimalaria in America and Europe. Armenia, Caldas, Colombia. Maltierrez. Wire: Pilis.
rms
Ramn
Elias Callejo
Fashion
anteed.
Sastre de moda; ejecuta la mejor calidad de trabajo. Su sastreSurtido de paos de primera calidad, ra da toda clase de garantas. permanentemente renovado. Armenia, Caldas, Colombia.
Best workmanship in tailoring. Satisfaction guartailor. Large stock of goods renewed constantly. Armenia, Caldas,
Colombia.
339
CAUCA
departamentos en que est dividida Repblica de Colombia.
los catorce
Uno de
la
One
of Colombia
divided.
LMITES.
Por
el
BouNDARiES.
del
On
por el este, el mismo Huila y el territorio de la Comisara del Caquet; por el sur, el Departamento de Nario y la Comisara del Putumayo; y por el
Cauca y
del Huila;
and the Territory of Caquet; on the south, the Department of Nario and the Territory of Putamayo; and on
the west, the Pacific ocean.
oeste, el
ocano Pacfico.
24,975 kilmetros cuadrados.
Superficie.
rea.
kilometers.
The rea
of the department
is
24,975 square
Censo.
212,000 habitantes.
piedra.
Sin explotar, abunda en la cuenca del ro Piendam, en el distrito de Cajibo, en los del Tambo, Popayn y Pata, en el de Buenosaires, en el de
Caebn de
PoPULATiON.
CoAL.
Goal
The population
fields,
is
212,000 inhabitants.
Santander y en el de Bolvar. Ros. Los principales que riegan el departamento son el Pata, el Cauca, el Micay y el Caquet.
Costas.
found in the basin of the Piendam river, in the district of Cajibo; in those of Tambo, Popayn, and Pata, and in those of Buenosaires, Santander, and Bolvar.
RivERS.
Pata, the Cauca, the
Le corresponde una de
la parte
del litoral
The principal rivers in the department are the Micay and the Caquet.
desembocadura del ro Guapi, Naya, al norte; estas costas son poco explayadas y estn siempre refrescadas por la brisa
Pacfico colombiano, desde la
al sur, basta la del ro
martima.
CoASTS. The department has coasts on the Pacific ocean, from the mouth of the Guap river, in the south, up to the mouth of the Naya river, in the north. This seaboard is narro w and is always cooled by sea breezes.
Clima.
del Pata
De
y
el
Climate. The temperature vares between 22 and 26 C. on the coast and in the Pata and Cauca valleys; be-
y desde
los
17 grados en la cordillera.
el
is less
than 17 in
Producciones. Reino animal. En este reino, tiene departamento entre los principales el ganado vacuno,
lanar, el cabro
el
de cerda.
las calizas o piedras
Natural Products. Animal kingdam. In the department there are large numbers of eattle, sheep, goats, and
hogs.
Tierras.
Entre
el
de cal se hallan:
el
mrmol, en
distrito
de El Rosal, en
territorio
del
Caquet, en la sierra, distrito de Dolores, en las cuencas del Cauca y Piendam, sobre la altiplanicie, en Guangne, en el
Valle del Cauca, y en algunas otras regiones de las cordiDolamita o cantera de labor abunda en Purac y lleras. de admirable calidad suave al pico y al cincel, se endurece
:
mucho bajo
Da un
construcciones.
Con
ella se
ha formado un bonito
atrio a
en las cuencas de los ros Guachicono y San Jorge. Yeso, en la cuenca del ro de Las Piedras, distrito de Timbo y en el distrito de Inz. En 1914 expidi la gobernacin del Cauca noventa ttulos de minas. Desde 1908 hasta 1914
terra,
En
1915 se expidieron
MiNERALS. The foUowing are the principal sandstones found in the department: marble, in the district of El Rosal, in the Caquet regin, the sierra, the district of Dolores, the basins of the Cauca and Piendam rivers, the platean, Guangue, the Cauca Valley, and in some regions of the cordillera. Dolomite is abundantly found Purac it is easily worked, and acquires great hardness under water; it gives great beauty to structures, and has been used for the construction of a terrace in front of the main church of the town. Sulphate of magnesium is found in the basins of the Guachicono and San Jorge rivers; gypsum, in the basin of the Las Piedras river, district of TimIn 1914 the government bo, and in the district of Inza. 1908 to 1914, 1,236 mines were issued 90 mine titles. From denounced. In 1915, 35 titles were granted.
Reino vegetal.
en
el
La variedad
es
departamento
Vegetable kingdom. The vegetable products of the department are most varied, since they include the products of the hot, temprate and cold climates.
En este las haciendas para la cra y ceba de ganados. departamento se halla la hacienda de La Bolsa, con rea Solamente el municipio de Puerto de 17,000 hectreas. Tejada tiene en sus dehesas 47,000 novillos y 32,000 reses de cra, y debe tenerse en cuenta que es el municipio de menor
en
extensin territorial de todo
el
The principal industries are mining, eattle The wealth of the department is found mainly in the eattle ranches. The La Bolsa ranch has an rea of 17,000 hektares, and is one of the largest.
Industries.
raising
and
textiles.
In only the municipality of Puerto Tejada there are 47,000 steers and 32,000 head of breeding eattle, and it should be
obseryed that this municipality
is
Cauca.
partment.
Cuando el ferrocarril del Pacfico una la altiplanicie al valle del Cauca y este se enlace al mar por dicha va frra,
ser prodigioso
el
When
platean, thus
Cauca Valley and the making communication between the Valley possible, the developnient of agriculture and
industrias en
el
departamento.
POPAYAN
A
1775 metros sobre
el
nivel del
mar
se halla la ciuadad
lies in
the
y a
los 2 26'
18" de
and longitude
is
Bogot
una temperatura de
19,
en
el
centro de
meridian.
Its
temperature
19 C.
The
District of Po-
una
altiplanicie.
tantes,
comprende
ms
frtiles
de la provincia,
most
fertile
and
yields
the products
chmas
Su
vale
riqueza
territorial las
mucho y
agrcola
industrias
the cattle
y pecuaria se desa-
stantly increase.
rrollan incesantemente.
Popayn occupies
place
lectual
third
intel-
Popayn
centro
es
el
tercer
among
the
of
intelectual
de la
centers
the
repblica;
en proporcin
republic.
In
proportion
it is
to
its
population,
lombiana
que
encierra
indi-
number
mayor nmero de
viduos
of educated persons.
The
instruidos.
cuenta de
La
con
university
has chairs of
universidad
las facultades
filosofa
law and
agronoma, mecExiste
political science,
letras,
derecho
ciencias polticas,
nica,
pintura,
ingeniera
comercio.
del
una
es-
agronomy, mechanics, painting, engineering, and commerce. There is a school for teaching tobceo raising by practical
methods.
cuela
prctica
de
cultivo
tabaco.
la
La
Biblioteca
volmenes y
de la universi-
dad 6308.
Popayn
Torres, de Francisco Jos de
tres veces Presidente de
Jos de Caldas,
president
of
the
Repblica; ManuelJos
Colombian
Mosquera, lumbrera de
iglesia
colombiana;
los
Julio
Arboleda,
los
los
Valencias,
Lpez, los
Obandos,
that,
que,
J.
como
las
dice
don Rufino
la
chas
of Spanish
could
boast
having
cuna
ilustre
de
tanto
patriota
many
as
illustrious
patriots
to
conoffices
congresos
caballeros
y magistraturas
que honraban
341
or
pubhc
worthy
men
who
did
a la repblica."
CUNDINAMARCA
Por el norte el Departamento de Boyac; por el Lmites. occidente los Departamentos de Caldas y Tolima; por el sur, el Departamento del Huila, y por el este, la Intendencia del
Boundaries. On the north, the Department of Boyac; on the west, the Departments of Caldas and Tolima; on the south, the Department of Huila; and on the east, the Intendancy of Meta and the Department of Boyac. rea. The rea of Cundinamarca is 22,350 square kilometers.
Meta y
el
Departamento de Boyac.
Extensin. La extensin superficial de Cundinamarca es de 22,350 kilmetros cuadrados. La Cordillera Oriental de los Andes penetra en Relieve. el territorio de Cundinamarca recorrindolo de sur a norte y abrindose en varios ramales en diferentes direcciones. La porcin ms montaosa es la occidental, hacia el ro Magdalena. Las cumbres ms notables de sus cordilleras
Natural Features. The Eastern Cordillera of the Andes traverses the territory of Cundinamarca from south to north, and divides into several branches running in different directions. The western part, towards the Magdalena river,
the most mountainous. The most important peaks are: the Sumapaz nevado, and the Sumapaz, Chamizal, Cruzverde, Pasquilla, El Hato, Choach and Chingaza paramos. In the center are found the rich savannas of Bogot, Ubat and Simijaca. In the eastern part there are several abrupt peaks, bare and barren, separated by deep gulches, and foUowed by the 'plains jkno-wn as los Llanos, which, politicaUy, form the Intendancy of the Meta. Many of the rivers that ow through the eastern regin rise in
is
nevado de Sumapaz, el pramo del mismo nombre y los pramos de Chamizal, Cruzverde, Pasquilla, El Hato, Choach y Chingaza. El centro lo forman las ricas sabanas de Bogot, Ubat y Simijaca; y al oriente se encuentran crestas ms abruptas, aunque calvas y desnudas,' separadas por hondas cuencas, despus de las cuales se extiende parte de la regin oriental o de los llanos, conocida hoy da poltica
son:
el
Cundinamarca,
and
Orinoco.
nearly all empty into the Meta and Guayabero, tributarles of the Orinoco. The following are the most important of those rivers the Negro river and its tributary the Blanco river, the two together forming, on entering the Llanos, the Guayuriba river, which empties into the Meta; the
Chichimene, Guamal,
Pajure, and Humadea rivers, the last of which is considered as the beginning of the Meta; the Guavio, the Cabuyaro and the Humea,
el ro
1/
el
j.-
rpy^
Guacava y el Guatiqua. Los de la regin opuesta buscan el Magdalena; entre ellos merecen mencionarse el Fusagasug, el Bogot, que en la sabana de su nombre se llama Punza, antes de precipitarse en el esplndido Salto de Tequendama; el Seco, y el Rionegro, que tiene muchos afluentes y recorre una vasta y frtil regin. Finalmente, es notable el pequeo Sumapaz, tributario del Fusagasug, por el puente natural de Icononzo, cerca de Pandi. Alcanza hoy a 713,968 habitantes, la cuarta Poblacin. parte de los cuales pertenecen a la raza blanca; el resto son indios o mestizos. Industria y Comercio. Los cundinamarqueses viven especialmente consagrados a la agricultura, que ha adelantado considerablemente en los ltimos aos, merced a la introduccin de mquinas, ganados, pastos y semillas extranjeros. El cambio de los productos de las tierras calientes por los de las fras es muy activo y valioso. El caf y los cueros La constituyen los principales artculos de exportacin. industria manufacturera, que se ejercita en pequeo, produce gneros y mantas de lana y algodn, y otros artculos para el vestido del pueblo. El comercio de importacin, que tiene su centro en Bogot, de donde se extiende a los departamentos vecinos del Tolima, Huila, Boyac y Santander, es probablemente el ms activo de la repbhca. El Departamento de Cundinamarca est Divisiones. dividido para los efectos polticos y administrativos en dos
afluentes el
the eastern regin flow towards the Magdalena, the principal onesbeing the Fusagasug; the Bogot, which in the savanna of Bogot is known as Funza, before it forms the magnificent falls of Tequendama; the Seco; and the Rionegro, which has many tributarles and waters a vast and fertile regin. The small river Sumapaz, a tributary of the Fusagasug, is noted on account of the natural Icononzo bridge, near Pandi. Population. The population of Cundinamarca is today 713,968 inhabitants, one-fourth of whom are white, the rest being Indians and half breeds. Industry and Commerce. The principal industry of the inhabitants of Cundinamarca is agriculture, which has progressed very considerably during recent years, owing to the introduction of machinery and foreign cattle, grass and seeds. The exchange of the products of the hot climates for those of the cold climates constitutes a very active commercial movement. The principal export articles are
coffee
and
hides.
Manufacturing,
wch
is
carried on,
on
a small scale, produces woolen and cotton fabrics, mainly used for blankets and wearing apparel. The import commerce, the center of which is Bogot, whence it extends to the neighboring departments of Tolima, Huila, Boyac and Santander, is probably the most active in the republic.
Ditdsions.
The Department
of
Cundinamarca'
is
polit-
icaUy divided into two provinces, each of which is administered by a prefect. The two provinces are Bogot, capital
342
Bogot; and Facatativ, capital Facatativ. These two provinces comprise 108 municipalities. For fiscal purposes, Cundinamarca is divided into 14 sectional administrative
districts.
en cada una de ellas. La antigua provincia de San Martn forma hoy una intendencia nacional, que tiene por capital a Villavicencio, que es al propio tiempo cabecera de un circuito judicial, dependiente del distrito judicial de Cundinamarca.
Ciudades.
judicial administration of the department is divided 13 circuits. The judicial district of Bogot has a Superior Tribunal, located in the city, and divided into two sections, one having charge of civil and the other of criminal cases; and a Superior Court, served by two judges. There are in the department seven school provinces, for each of which there is an inspector. The od province of San Martn forms today a national intendancy, whose capital is Villavicencio, a town which is also the seat of the judicial circuit, dependent on the
The
into
Bogot, capital de la repblica y del Departamento de Cundinamarca, con 150,251 habitantes, pintorescamente situada en la sabana a que da su nombre, al pie de los cerros de Guadalupe y Monserrate. Zipaquir, situada en una hermosa llanura de extraordinaria feracidad. Es notable por la rica mina de sal gema que se explota all por cuenta del gobierno nacional, y de cuyo producto se abastecen casi todas las poblaciones de Cundinamarca y Boyac, y gran parte de las de Santander y Tolima. Zipaquir es, por este motivo, la principal plaza del comercio de Cundinamarca con Santander. Est unida a Bogot por un ferrocarril y un camino carretero. Facatativ, en el extremo occidental de la sabana de Bogot, unida a la capital per un camino carretero y una va frrea. Es el centro de un activo cambio de productos de las tierras fras por los de las tierras calientes. La Mesa, pintoresca ciudad de templado clima, situada en una alta y angosta meseta. Es el centro principal del comercio entre los pueblos de Cundinamarca y el ToUma. Cqueza y Fmeque, que son las poblaciones ms importantes del oriente de Cundinamarca. Guaduas, situada en el centro de un bellsimo valle. Fusagasug, lugar balneario y de veraneo, con un clima delicioso y grande abundancia de aguas, frutas y legumbres. Chocont, notable por la fabricacin de sillas y artculos de guarnicionera, de los cuales se hace activo comercio.
judicial circuit of the department. Important Cities. Bogot, capital of the republic and of the Department of Cundinamarca, has a population of 150,251. It is picturesquely situated on the savanna from
which it derives its ame, at the foot of the peaks of Guadalupe and Monserrate. Zipaquir is located on a vast and exceptionally fertile plain. It is noted for its rich salt mines, which are worked by the national goverrmient, and from which all the towns of Cundinamarca and Boyac, and many in Santander and Tolima are supplied. Zipaquir is, on this account, the principal center of trade between Cundinamarca and Santander. The city is connected with Bogot by a railroad and a wagn road. Facatativ, on the western end of the savanna of Bogot, is connected with the latter city by a wagn road and a railroad. It is the center of an active exchange of coldclimate products for those of the hot climates. La Mesa is a picturesque town, having a mild climate and situated on a high and narrow platean. It is the main center of the trade between the towns of Cundinamarca and those of Tolima. Cqueza and Fmeque are the most important towns in the eastern part of the department. Guaduas is an important town located in the center of a beautiful valley. Fusagasug is a summer and bathing resort, having a delightful climate and a great abundance of water, fruits and garden vegetables. Chocont is noted for its good saddles and harness articles, the sale of which gives great eommercial activity to the town
343
COMO
Naturalmente una de
Colombia, es
la
las
SE
Naturay one
how
mar de
las Antillas.
Actualmente no
hay
Ma y
la
de
la
Kingston
(Jamaica) y
Rica).
Limn (Costa
El acceso a
north.
la capital
The journey
from Cartagena,
made, at
first,
on short raroads
mar
that start from those ports and go as far as the starting points of the Magdalena steamboats, such points being somewhat above the mouth
of the river,
it
con los puntos de partida de los buques de vapor que hacen de carga y pasajeros en
subir el ro, o
ferrocarril
el ro.
el servicio
En
Barranquilla se
toma
el
vapor para
the river at
navigation.
its
como algunos
From Puerto
quilla,
first
to Barran-
ms importancia
his-
and there takes the steamboat that goes up the Magdalena river. If one goes by way of Cartagena, one may take the raUroad to Calamar, and there the Magdalena steamboat. Many prefer to go
via Cartagena, in order to
remontan
el ro
seis
das
know
is
historically the
de navegacin hasta
puerto fluvial de
La Dorada.
los
Otro
most important
ferrocarril,
rpidos del
ro,
conocidos
The Magdalena
nombre de
Alto Magdalena.
El
ser-
La Dorada
known
as Salto de
Honda
service
didades requeridas, y
el
(Honda
as far as
Falls), leads
from
on the upper
The navigation
prende de
rrollar
los recursos
La Dorada
ofers
aU
facities
first
explotacin de
industrias
establecimiento de
el rio
muchas
this
que
le
faltan an.
En
el
Alto Magdalena
lo cual se
ha disminuido con-
ment
many
pequeo
unas
and profitably be
is it is
In the upper
100 toneladas
por 80
kilmetros
ms en
and
necessary to take a
Hasta aqu
cal
el viajero
la naturaleza tropi-
100 tons), to continu the journey for fourteen hours, a distance of 80 kilometers, as far as the port of Girardot.
During the whole journey from the seaport, the traveler has a splendid opportunity to see tropical nature in aU
its
llenas de
los sentidos
magnificence, with
its
la
de 33 centgrados que se
Girardot es una
of the river,
experimenta desde
C, which one
ex-
Tiene unos 10,000 habitantes y por su ventajosa posicin geogrfica es centro comercial de importancia y
progresa rpidamente.
dillera
Aqu principia
el
el ferrocarril
que asciende
la cor-
nivel del
altura de
4%
Girardot is a new town with a population of 10,000 inhabitants, and on account of its favorable geographic position is an important commercial Here begins the raUroad which center, which progresses very rapidly. ascends from an elevation of 325 meters above sea-level up to one of 2620 meters. The length of the road is 132 kilometers, and the grade, which
is
is
4 per cent.
The views
offered to
que
re-
las plantaciones
el trigo, la
25,
y por ltimo,
la
the traveler's eye are most interesting, as he can observe the gradual change from the vegetation of the hottest climates to that of the modrate climates of between 20 and 25 C, which is the eoffee regin, and
18.
then to that
to go
there,
en donde se encuentra
de
la
from Girardot to Facatativ, which is on the plateau. From the Savanna railroad, whose gage is greater than that of the
This difference in the gages of the
it
ancha que
el
de Girardot.
De
ah la necesidad de
un nuevo transbordo
puertos del
para recorrer en una hora los 40 kilmetros que separan esta poblacin
de la ciudad de Bogot, trmino del viaje.
Caribe hasta
la capital se
!f
Desde
los
mar
remaining 40 kilometers before reaching the capital. It usually requires 9 days to go from the Caribbean sea to Bogot, and the cost is
se gastan unos
344
BOGOT
Capital de la Repblica de Colombia y del Departamento de Cundinamarca. Se halla situada en una altiplanicie de la rama oriental de los Andes, sobre el plano que forman las bases de los cerros Guadalupe y Monserrate, en el extremo de las feraces y vastas sabanas de su nombre.
La temperatura media del ao es de 15 centgrados; el mximo es de 24, y el mnimo, de 6. Est a 2640 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar y a 5*' 5 44.31^ al oeste de Pars, y la latitud fijada por La diferencia en tiempo el Observatorio es de 4 30' 55.2" norte. entre Bogot y Nueva York es de 54 segundos de adelanto para la hora
de
la
Capital of the Republic of Colombia and of the Department of Cundinamarca. It is situated on a plateau of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes, at the f oot of the peaks of Guadalupe and Monserrate, near the end of the fertile and vast savanna from which the city derives its ame. The average temperature is 15 C, the mximum and mnimum temperatures being respectively 24 and 6 C. The elevation of the city above 5 44.31^ west sea-levelis 2640 meters. Its geographical position is north, as given by the Bogot Obserof Pars, and latitude 4 30' 55.2 vatory. The difference in time between Bogot and New York is
primera.
Noticia Histrica Fu fundada esta ciudad el 6 de agosto de 1538 por don Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, en el punto escogido por Cuando Quesada y el comisionado Pedro Fernndez de Valenzuela. compaeros de conquista Llegaron
a
Nemocn y
floridos
campos de
much ahead of the latter. Bogot was founded on August 6, 1538, by Don Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, on the site selected by Commissioner Pedro Fernndez de Valenzuela. When Quesada and his companions arrived at Nemocn, and saw the vast and flowery fields of the savanna, where there were several Indian settlements and good buildings, including palaces and castles,
they oalled
after
it
denominaron Valle de Perdido el temor de los Alczares. que los conquistadores y sus cabay
castillos, la
fueran agentes de sus dioses, por haber sabido la muerte del soldado Juan Gordo, los indgenas, en nmero de cuarenta mil, iniciaron demostraciones hostiles contra les
lleras
Having, death of the Spanish soldier Juan Gordo, lost f ear that the conquerors and their horses might be the agents of their gods, the Indians, 40,000 strong, began hostile demonstrations against the
(Valley of the Castles).
learning
the
them the
espaoles,
enjutos cuerpos
rreros afortunados.
de antiguos gueLos jinetes de Quesada, lanza en ristre, rompieron filas y establecieron el pnico entre los bogotaes, quienes los incensaron y pidieron perdn, persuadidos al fin de que los espaoles eran hijos
del Sol
Quesada's horsemen broke up the Indian forces with their lances, and threw the Bogots, as
la
Luna venidos a
castigar
sus pecados.
they were called, into a panic. The Indians then began to worship the conquerors and besought their forgiveness, being now certain that the Spaniards were sons of the sun and moon come to punish them
for their sins.
Como
mucho
decir
los
la
conquistadores oyeran
expresin
gentes,
muiscas
o
as
The Spaniards
by the ame
of
nuevas
llamaron
Muiscas or Mozcas, because this word was often used by the Indians
in the sense of
"new
people."
por
los
Meuquet o Bacat; este ltimo nombre traduce remate de labranza. A Quesada le pareci a propsito
terreno para la fundacin de Bogot, por su fertilidad para jardines y huertas, por las claras aguas
el
The
called Funza,
Meuquetor Bacat by
the Indians, the last of these ames meaning ''the end of farm land."
site
appro-
on account of its fertility for gardens and orchards, the clear water of Estatua del Libertador S imn Bolvar Status of the two streams coming down from saludables aires. En efecto, la fund Liberator Simn Bolvar the cordillera, its cloudless sky, and en la fecha citada con el nombre wholesome air. He accordingly founded the city on the date mende Santa Fe, llamndola as por el parecido de sus campos a la Santa Fe tioned, under the ame of Santa Fe, giving this ame to it from the que en Granada fundaron los reyes Fernando e Isabel, nombre que between its fields and those of the town of Santa Fe resemblance poco despus de la Independencia. conserv hasta founded in Granada by the monarchs Ferdinand and IsabeUa. The En el ao de 1540 el Emperador Carlos V le concedi un escudo de
de dos arroyos despeados de [la cordillera, por su buen cielo y sus
armas que representa un guila negra en campo de oro, coronada del mismo metal, con una granada roja, abierta, en cada garra, y orlado de algunos ramos, tambin de oro, en campo azul. Bogot, que en 1865 contaba alrededor de 35,000 habitantes, Uega hoy a 150,000; en medio siglo ha cuadruphcado su poblacin. En el ao citado tena la ciudad 2720 casas; este nmero alcanza hoy a ms de 9000, con extensin de nueve kilmetros de norte a sur y de ms de
tres
ame until short ly after the Independence. In 1540, Emperor Charles V. granted to it a coat of arms on which was represented a black eagle on a g od background, the bird bearing a gold crown, holding in each claw an open pomegranate, and being surrounded by several gold branches on a blue background. In 1865, Bogot had a population of only 35,000 inhabitants. Tocity preserved this
de oriente a occidente. Descripcin La ciudad de Bogot tiene el tipo caracterstico de las antiguas ciudades espaolas, tipo que poco a poco se va cambiando por De tres aos a esta parte se construyen el de una ciudad moderna. muchas habitaciones nuevas en estilo moderno y las antiguas se modernizan. La gran superficie que ocupa la ciudad en relacin con el
population is about 150,000, having therefore increased fourabout half a century. In the same year, there were 2720 houses, while today there are more than 9000, with an aggregate length of 9 kilometers from north to south, and width of over 3 kilometers from
day
its
fold in
east to west.
General Descriplion.
The
cities,
city of
pearance of od Spanish
345
l-l
I Q
i o o
'o
co
346
to that of
ms
y a menesteres
Muchas de
ellas circulan
las calles
son asfaltadas y
la
administracin municipal
During the last three years, a great cities. houses have been built, and many of the od ones have been modernized. The large rea oocupied by the city in proportion to the number of its inhabitants comes from the fact that nearly all houses have only one or two stories, and that the custom is still preserved of having in them two or more courtyards for gardens and other purposes.
modern
many modern
Por
Adems,
and the municipal authorities do There is an active traffic in them, for whioh about 200 carriages and over 100 automobes are used. There
Many
them
clean.
unos nueve kilmetros y en va de electrificacin unos cuatro o cinco ms que por ahora se estn sirviendo con fuerza de sangre; en 1915 la
About 9 kobesides, a tramway belonging to the municipaUty. meters of this tramway are aheady electrified, and the remaining 4 or
is,
5 kilometers,
in process of electrifioation.
an aggregate
distance of 1,461,336 kilometers, and carried 5,430,463 passengers. Bogot is the residence of the diplomatic corps and the national
Es Bogot
premo en
lo administrativo, legislativo
ncleo militar
social
no es escasa y
government, including the executive, legislative and judicial branohes. In it is also the Military School of the repubUc. Social hfe is very active, and strangers are surprised at the great refinement and luxury
classes. Foreigners are very well received and and in addition to social fimctions, they find recreation in two There are also theatres and four first-class moving-picture houses. several polo, tennis, football, golf and other sporting clubs. The national captol, where Congress meets and where the offices of
elevadas.
muy
de
donde
se renen las
cmaras
legislativas
several executive ministries are located, covers a surface of 1 hektare. It is a handsome building of classic style, made of dressed stone masonry.
es
de un bello
en piedra
los planos.
Fu em-
The building was designed by the Enghsh architect Reed. Its construction began in 1848, and was finished but a short time ago. In the principal courtyard of the building there is a bronze statue of General Toms Cipriano de Mosquera. This captol is considered one
of the
ity,
pezada su edificacin en
minarse.
En
el
ao de 1848 y apenas ahora acaba de terpatio principal tiene una estatua en- bronce del General
Por su elegancia y slida
sencillez, el
ms hermosos de Sur-Amrica.
mismo
los
los
el
no corresponde
al edificio; sin
handsomest buildings in South America, on aocount of its soUdcombined with great beauty and simpUcity. The Coln theatre is a httle too small for the Bogot public, and its fagade is scarcely worthyof the rest of the building. However,next to the Buenos Aires theatre of the same ame, and to the Municipal theatre of Rio de Janeiro, it is one of the largest in South America, being equalled only by the main theatres of Manaos, Santiago, and Montevideo.
del Municipal de
Ro Janeiro, iguala a
The Astronomical Observatory was founded through the generosity and patriotism of the scientist Don Jos Celestino Mutis. It was begun on August 24, 1802, the architect Fray Domingo Ptrez, a Ca
puchin brother, being in charge of the work. The building is octagonal in shape, and has an inside diameter of 8.771 meters. It consists
of three sections in the direction of its height. The first seotion consists of Tascan piUars, arranged in pairs and supporting a vault, the
floor of
dems de Sur-Amrica.
El Observatorio Astronmico fu hecho debido a
patriotismo del sabio don Jos Celestino Mutis.
la
generosidad y
el
Se comenz
la
24 de
agosto de 1802.
mingo Petrez, de
gona.
orden de Capuchinos.
el
Su
figura es de
forma oct-
of Doric order.
El dimetro, quitado
771 milmetros.
segundo piso
es
y sostiene
el
ltimo piso
Un
po de antepecho.
El agujero de la
sobre
el
pavimento del
saln,
Caldas
4 32' 14
el
al
Le da
mismo Caldas a
el
nivel del
mar de
2636 metros.
Este observatorio es
ms elevado
del
mundo.
En
el
muro
which forms the main hall in the buding. The second floor is The upper vault is hemispherical, open in the center, and supports the last floor, which is in the open air. The whole buding is surmounted by a half-open attic. A hole in the second vault admits the rays of Ught, which throw the image of the sun on the floor of the hall. There, a meridian line has been drawn as a base for an azimuth dial. Caldas determined the latitude of the Observatory, and found it to be 4 36' 6" north. He also found the longitude to be The 4 32' 14" west of the Royal Observatory of the Island of Len. same authority states the height of the buding above sea-level to be 2636 meters; so that this is the highest observatory in the world. Of late, a meridian-transit instrument has been instaUed on the northern waU of the buding. There is also in it an eJectrc battery for the electric pendulum,the sidereal chronometer,andthe chronograph; andan instrument for comparing the sidereal chronometer with the pendulum. Bogot has two museums, one national and the other belonging to the Christian Brothers. The former has lately been enriched and reorganized by the historian and investigator Don Ernesto Restrepo Tirado. The other is devoted to natural science, and has about 54,676 objects.
pndulo
elctrico, el
y y
el el
crongrafo,
pndulo.
por
los
el
el nacional y el de loa Hermanos Cristiaha sido complementado y reorganizado ltimamente historigrafo e investigador don Ernesto Restrepo Tirado; el de
The National Library, founded in 1777, has more than 62,000 printed volumes, about 800 manuscripts, and 500 maps. Three glass cases have been put in lately, which contain editions of great historical valu, such as incunabula, elzevirs, bibles in diferent languages, etc. This institution is patronized by nearly 2000 readers every month. It in communication and exchanges material with the principal is
centers of learning in the world.
Hermanos
es relacionado
con
tiene 54,676
objetos.
Bogot has several important buildings, among them Santo DominSan Francisco, San Bartolom, San Agustn, San Diego, La CanAmong its most important delaria, La Capuchina, and Santa Ins. churches the foUowing may be mentioned: Basica Primada, La
go,
347
1.
2. 5.
Costado occidental de
3. Plaza de Boiva Bolvar Square. Plaza de Bolvar West side of Bolvar Square.
348
ms de 62,000
vol-
en diversos idiomas,
etc.
instituto alrededor de
mundo.
Veracruz, Los Dolores, Las Nieves, Santo DominSagrado Corazn de Jess, San Juan de Dios, Santa Ins, Santa Clara, San Agustn, Santa Brbara, Las Cruces, La Concepcin, La Candelaria, El Carmen, La Enseanza, Egipto, La Pea, Las Aguas, Monserrate, Guadalupe, and San Antonio. Among the chapis may be mentioned: El Rosario, El Cementerio, and El Noviciado. There is also a seminary, a building for the Apostolic Delegation, an archiepiscopal palace, and a smaU Protestant church.
Tercera,
go,
La Capilla, La
San
Jos,
Bogot
los
San Diego,
La adornan bell-
BasUca Primada,
Dolores, las
la Tercera, la Capilla, la
templo de
los
The main square of Bogot is caUed Plaza de Bolvar, in the center of which rises a statue of the Liberator. He is represented holdLng his bare sword in his right hand, and in his left a bundle of papers. This statue is a magnificent work of art, due to the Sculptor Tenerani, and was presented to the city in 1846 by the worthy prvate citizen Don
Jos Ignacio Pars.
Clara,
las Cruces, la
Concepcin,
la
Can-
The principal parks in the city are those of Bolvar, El Centenario, La Independencia, Santander, Los Mrtires, all of which have statues
and busts
of the principal hroes of the
delaria, el
MonCe-
serrate,
The
plazas
Teatro Municipal
Municipal
de
Theatre
menterio,
pal.
el
Noviciado,
existe
el
Tambin
una
capilla protestante.
es la de Bolvar,
La plaza
una estatua
principal de
Bogot
en
la cual se
levanta
est sobre
la
un
alto pedestal
espada desnuda y
izquierda aprieta
de papel.
Ignacio Pars.
la
ciudad son
los siguientes:
el
which has a statue of the learned Caldas; that of San as Nario, from the statue there erected in honor of General Antonio Nario; La Capuchina; San Agustn, known today as Ayacucho, from the statue there erected to the Grand Marshal of Ayacucho; Las Cruces; Las Aguas, where there is a statue of Policarpa; Espaa, which has a bust of Cervantes; Egipto, with a bust of General Hermgenes Maza; San Ignacio, with a bust of the philologist Rufino J. Cuervo; Caro, opposite the handsome building of the Academy of the Language, with a statue of the illustrious Colombian Miguel Antonio Caro. The principal market places are: La Concepcin, where every day, especially Friday, is a market day; Las Nieves, where Tuesdays are the market days; and Las Cruces, where Thursdays are the market days.
las Nieves,
Victorino,
known today
Mrtires, todos los cuales estn adornados con estatuas y bustos de los
principales hroes de la Independencia
The
city
is
divided into
streets
and avenues
(carreras),
which
y hombres eminentes
las siguientes:
del pas.
la
ciudad son
plaza de las
oover a surfaoe of about 6,000,000 square meters. The Jength of the central part of the city is about 3000 meters, and the width about
2.500.
One
is
the
la estatua erigida
en
ella
en honor del
lla-
and
The rea occupied by the budings is out of proportion with the 16 hektares of parks and gardens, which is all the city has so fax.
hght.
mada
de Ayacucho por
la
estatua levantada
all
The
Avenida de
la
349
3. Escuela de Ingeniera 2. Cuarteles de San AgustnSan Agustn Barraclcs. Observatorio Nacional National Observatory. Engineering. of 5. Francisco Jos de Caldas. Court in the College Ingeniera Esouela de Patio de la 4. of Engineering. CoUege
1.
350
el
la
de
Cuervo;
la
de Caro,
Academia de
la
Lengua, con
la estatua
son:
la
de
Concepcin, en
la cual
cialmente los viernes; la de las Nieves, en la cual hay mercado los martes;
y en
La ciudad se
millones
de metros cuadrados.
y carreras, que ocupan unos seis La parte central tiene como 3000
El nmero de manzanas
ciudad es la escasez de
es
de 600.
Uno de
libres
de
la
espacios
para
las necesidades
el
solar;
no guarda relacin
treas de parques
principales son:
la
Las avenidas
Avenida de
Repbhca, desde
la
el
Parque de San-
tander hasta
la plaza
el
de
la
Sa-
bana.
La Avenida de
Uama tambin
la
la catedral.
El trfico de
y exportael
movi-
Interior
of
Coln Theatre
miento de
la ciudad,
tanto cornercial
como de
Hay tambin
del pas
las calles
y de
Santander Park to the Centenary Park; and the Avenida de Coln, which goes from the Plaza of Nario as far as a few blocks below the Savanna station. The Avenida de la RepbUca is also caUed Calle Real (Royal Street) between San Francisco and the cathedral.
muy
laboriosos
Hay
collado
hombres notables en
los siguientes:
The greatest trafile of the city occurs in the two principal streets, which are the Calle Real and the Calle de Florin, where are situated the main banks, large import and export shops, drug stores, dentists' ofices, and which are in every respect the most active streets in the city. There are other streets where there is great commercial activity, especially those in the neighborhood of the main market place.
inhabitants are very industrious, intelligent, and very fond of The city is a great inteUectual center, and in aU times it has given to the country men famoiis in different departments of learning. The foUowing are the principal coUeges: Colegio de Nues-
en donde se hacen
la Salle, Colegio
los estudios
The
Len XIII.
amusement.
el el
Conservatorio Nacional
Po X,
el
de Msica.
Entre
del
Carmen,
Universidad RepubUcana,
el
el
Colegio Universitario,
el
Gimnasio
San Bartolom, Escuela Nacional de Comercio, where practical instruction is given by modernmethods; Instituto de la Salle, and Colegio Len XIII. There are also a MiHtary
and a National Conservatory the most important prvate coUeges may be mentioned those of Po X., El Carmen, El Sagrado Corazn de Jess, Santa
School, a National School of Fine Arts,
of Music.
Moderno,
En Bogot
naturales
la
de matemticas e ingeniera.
Among
escuelas normales
y numerosos y privados.
versitario,
cundaria, pbUcos
La Presentacin, Universidad RepubUcana, Colegio UniGimnasio Moderno, and Instituto Aponte. In the city are also located the national schools of law and poHtical soience, medicine
Gertrudis,
351
1.
Monumento de
Bosque
del
los
Mrtires
Martyrs' Monument.
i.
3.
Independence Park. 2. Parque de la Independencia Paseo Bolvar Bolvar Promenade. 5. Antonio Ricaurte.
352
Palacio Arzobispal
Archbshop's
Palace
Junta de
and natural
sides several
sohools,
seience,
una
and mathematics and engineering. There are bonormal schools, and a great many primary and secondary
of
reduce: a cubrir los ros San Francisco y San Agusti^; construir albercas en la parte alta de la ciudad, para el aseo de alcantarillas
y cauces;
de los
ros
The Board
limpieza
:
W.
C.
La
San
las
Francisco,
Cristbal,
by Congress. It proposes to cover up the San Francisco and San Agustn rivers; to construct reservoirs in the upper part of the city, for the flooding of sewers and stream channels; to build a system of sewerage and install tanks for the oleaning of toilets. The water to supply the city will be
drawn from the San Francisco, San Agustn, Tunjuelo, Arzobispo and San Cristbal rivers, and the Vieja and Las DeKcias brooks. These works, which involve considerable expense, wiU require several years
for their completion.
aos.
el
problema de
aguas con
las
el
aprovechaes
miento de
las lluvias,
pues
el
trmino medio de
que caen
mayor
Even if the city did not have these sources of water supply, rain water could easily be utiHzed for the purpose; for
lC<Uru:io
de EcliGverri Unos.
Echeveri'
Rros. Buililing
Teiiipl)
tlc'l
Sagnido Corazn
Ciiun-ii of
l.lie
Saciod
IIi-arL
353
any other
shown by the
190-1
A 1913 (milmetros)
1913
Promedio (mean)
1013
following
is
la
The
cities:
tinuacin
Pars
570
1050
Marsella
600
740 730 460
Paris
570
1050
MarseiUes
600
Florencia
Metz
Bruselas
Florence
Metz
Brussels
740
730 460 920
Londres
Liverpool
London
Liverpool
620
Toulon
880
920
Toulon
Mnchester
Roma
920
Mnchester
Rome
superficie de
Est cruzada en direccin nordeste a sudeste por el ro Bogot. La sabana es perfectamente plana, de manera que la velocidad del ro es apenas de 50 cm. por segundo. Al llegar al extremo sudoeste de la planicie, el ro sbitamente acelera su curso, se abre paso por entre estrecha garganta, labrada en la roca por las aguas, y sigue formando una serie de cascadas y remansos en una extensin de 5 kilmetros hasta la gran catarata denominada Salto de Tequendama. Desde el fondo de esta catarata contina en un fuerte dechve que
The savarma
It is traversed
of Bogot has an rea of about 3500 square kilometers from northeast to southeast bj^ the Bogot river. The
y rpidos de altura variable hasta caer al vahe del ^agdalena, en cuyo ro desemboca a una distancia de 2 3 kilmetros arriba de Girardot.
origina numerosas cascadas
savanna is practically level, so that the velocity of the river is only about 50 centimeters per second. On reaching the southwestern edge of the platean, the river suddenly accelerates its course, flowing through a narrow gorge cut into the rock by its o'mi waters, and contines in a series of rapids and whirhng pools for a distance of 5 kilometers, down to the great cataract known as FaUs of Tequendama. After that, it flows down a steep declivity, forming numerous rapids and smaller falls, do'sv'n to the vaUe}' of the jNIagdalena, finaUy emptying into the latter river 2 or 3 kilometers above Girardot.
Tumba
de Uribe Uiibe
Tumba
de Murillo Toro
354
El
que estn
clica,
al
sudoeste de la ciudad.
The Bogot river, after having gently and leisurely traversed the immense savanna bearing its ame, suddenly bends its course towards the west, and enters the mountainous regin lying southwest of the city of Bogot. Here it leaves that melancholy sluggishness it has
above, and, quickening
its
motion, flows
down
sobre
ing
foam-capped
cataracts,
it
waves,
small
su velocidad. Corrientes impetuosas, golpes contra las rocas, saltos, ruido majestuoso, suceden al silencio
rocky shores.
the
it
On
reaching
brink
y a
la tranquilidad.
of the precipiee,
seems
En
waters
rebound
in
dash
divided
down
the
abyss,
into jets
feathers.
that look
like
ms blancas que
abismo que
el
la
le
On
nieve, en el
espera.
En
fondo
el
spiring
roar.
and
deafening
golpe es terrible
y no
se
Much
of the water,
puede ver sin temor. Estas plumas vistosas que forman las aguas en el aire.
se convierten de repente en Uuvia
Tumba
tom,
d. Quesada- -Quesada's
spreads
into
rain,
Tomb
of mist that rise to the heavens.
y en columnas de nubes que se levantan Parece que el ro, acostumbrado a recorrer las regiones elevadas de los Andes, ha descendido a pesar suyo a esta profundidad, y quiere orgulloso elevarse otra vez en forma de vapores.
a
los cielos.
columns
the river,
accustomed
Andes,
had descended
and wished
to rise again.
una distancia de cuatro kilmetros arriba de esta maravillosa catarata del Tequendama, en donde el ro lanza todo su volumen de agua a lui abismo de 143 metros de profundidad, cortado eiitre rocas
verticales, principian
los rpidos,
The height
of the falls is about 143 meters, the water being confined between two perpendicular walls of solid rock.
La
deno-
About 4 kilometers above the faUs there are a series of rapids and smaUer faUs, which can be utilized for power in industrial operations. The first of these rapids, at the
place
primera de
ellas,
en
el sitio
known
as AUcachn, has a
minado El Alicachn, apenas tiene una diferencia de nivel de unos 10 metros en unos 500 de extensin. La segunda, llamada El
Charquito, que sigue despus de
The second
known
as Charquito, fol-
they have a
of 48 meters in
480 de longitud y es
las
la
ms
del
the
importante de todas
que se
cada,
encuentran
hasta
el
Salto
dama.
Tequendama.
Es
esta
unida por el ferrocarril del Sur, la que ha utihzado la Compaa de Energa Elctrica de Bogot para su instalacin hidroelctrica.
Las prmcipales fbricas son las de cigarrillos, calzado, fsforos, espermas, cervezas, pastas para
sopa, jabones, galletas, cermica,
There are
food-paste,
chocolate,
soap,
cracker, china,
soda-water,
glove,
trunk,
stocking,
liquor,
underwear,
de tela de punto, franelas; fbricas de beneficiar asfaltos; curtimbres; fbricas de licores, caramelos, loza, molduras y marcos dorados, baldosines de cemento, vidrios, cemento, hUados y tejidos, aserradero de maderas, etc.
block,
works,
whose work
principal
Cuervo
Statue o
truly artistic.
Rufino
J.
Cuervo
355
Nuevo Tiempo, El Diario Nacional, El Tiempo, Gil Blas, El Espectador, La Tribuna, Sur-Amrica, La Sociedad, and Gacela Republicana.
There are other daUies and several weekly and monthly
periodicals.
La Sociedad,
Gaceta Republicana,
otros
muchos
semanarios y revistas.
El ferrocarril del Norte, el del Sur y el de la Sabana, comunican la ciudad con muchas otras poblaciones, entre las cuales las ms importantes son:
laima,
Zipaquir, Nemocn, Soacha, Facatativ, Cipacn, AnoLa Mesa, Juntas de Apulo, Tocaima y Girardot.
The Northern, Southern, and Savanna raUroads connect the city many other towns, among which the most important are: Zipaquir, Nemocn, Soacha, Facatativ, Cipacn, Anolaima, La Mesa, Juntas de Apulo, Tocaima, and Girardot.
with
de Bolvar, sostenida en im
The
made
its
severo
sin adornos.
En
la
and unadorned.
The
pedestal bears on
parte delantera se
lee:
soription in Spanish:
y por
la
parte de atrs:
and on
its
back
face,
NADA La
estatua es de tamao
1846
el
OF
mayor que
The statue
is
somewhat
than
life-size,
of
it
comn
man who by
level
de
los
las divisas
of mankind.
It
y
la
adomed with
breast hangs a
effigy of
and from
is
its
medal whereon
George
embossed an
This
last
esto
Washington.
feature
illustrates the
Estados
Unidos
de
held the generous
independence,
and the
great
efforts
guirlo de tal
deeds
of
He
will
un mismo
le
fin,
no podr menos de
who
confesar que
super en mucho.
descubierta
la
difference in
Tiene
el
hroe
cabeza;
la
the
the
two
strove
after the
Bolvar was
by
man.
Over
his
The
hero's
is
head
is
baie.
cloak,
que
las sujeta
entrambas; lleva
shoulder
thrown a
one side of
Con
la
espada
arm,
joining
the
other
under the
desenvainada, y avanzando
pie izquierdo
He
his
wears
de
caminar,
mientras
que
mano izqmerda
un
boots
es ste la Consti-
He
Simn Bolvar
as
left
carries
bare
sword
is
in
right
a la Amrica Meridional
left
foot
thrown forward,
With
his
la aprecia,
El insigne capitn, con slo tenerla fuertemente asida, dice en cunto y cuan pronto est a defenderla con las armas, de cualquier dao o de cualquiera que contra ella atente.
hand he
grips
hal-roUed
paper:
it
is
the
Constitution
Al
resuelto
el
moaire
vimiento de toda
la
persona,
corresponde
admirablemente
to defend
it
by
forc of
y su
it.
expresin
es
.tal,
el
pensamiento
de
la patria.
que
la
anima, dirigido a un
la gloria
disdainful face,
body is the daring look of the brave and nobly on whose forehead one can read the controlling thought
El
artista
diligencia en su obra
that animates
it
y tan
largo estudio, que hizo ver por debajo de los vestidos hasta el
The
artist,
and
356
msculos producido
al
doblarse los
devoted to
it
so
much
study, that he
made
visible
tamente donde era necesario despus de haberlos encontrado en el Adems aprovech el ingenio, sumanatural con mucha paciencia.
tended movements; an end which he attamed by sUght folds in the bronze, made after patiently studying those movements in hving men.
mente
frtil le
en
l,
la
capa que
le
puso a
la figura,
He
para que
statue, to give to
LA SABANA DE BOGOT
The Bogot Savanna
Enclavada sobre
nivel del mar, la
la
cumbre de
los
el
Sabana
una
zontal,
open into the Savanna on its boundary hnes. The soil is formed by a thick vegetable layer, whose fertility has not been exhausted by sevThere are also rich rock-salt, eral centuries of constant cultivation.
coal, lime,
gypsum,
iron,
is
The temperature
about
out the year, with the exoeption of some mornings during the months of January and August, when there are Ught frosts and the thermometer occasionally drops down to 0 C. The city of Bogot fies at the eastern end of the Savanna, near the
base of the Guadalupe and Monserrate peaks.
Salto de
Tequendama
Falls of
Tequendama
actual-
En
bajan
el
Funza.
Una
siglos
de yeso, de
y de
asfalto
y piedra de
cal
aumentan su
riqueza.
La temperatura
y en que
el
de todo
el
ao,
si
se
la escarcha
cero.
Bogot
Bogot River
Rapids
357
SALTO DE TEQUENDAMA
The Falls of Tequendama
El
ro
Bogot o Funza,
al dejar la
The Bogot,
or Funza, river,
on
than 30 meters.
It rushes
down-
ward
in a series of rapids,
from an
2480
Salto,
metros
hasta
del
de
altura
antes
del
el
above sea-
2210
metros sobre
altura
nivel
mar.
La
de
las
falls.
aguas medias en
The average
in the
2405
El Tequendama cae
valle
al
abismo del
to
the
ma
que
se eleva
en espesas nubes.
continuous mist which
rises in
heavy
water
The
entire
mass
of
tros
y seguidamente
el
se precipita en
a height
it
arco hasta
lo
fondo.
an areh down
which form a
total height
dura.
Su
altura,
varias
veces
horse-shoe basin.
of the fall
The
La
The
the
de
la
catarata
un volumen
water
column
of
Tequendama
alto
es
cuatro
veces
The Tequen-
ms
que
el
Nigara y podra
dama
Nigara
Tequendama
and could
develop
Falls
Tequendama
300,000 horsepower.
Ro Bogot
Bogot
358
A LA VILLE DE PARS
Vctor Huard
Casa fundada en
el
&
Co.
ao de 1889, situada en
hijo,
Hoy
socios Victor
Huard,
la 1.a Calle
Huard
& Ce,
Founded 1889 and located at 448 First CaUe Real. The present ame of the firm is Victor Huard & Company, the partners being Mr. Victor Huard, Jr., and Jorge Lagos Mendoza. The firm imports fanoy articles, its specialties being perfumery and
toilet articles imported from leading Frenoh houses, also, ornaments for the hair, silk goods, ready-made clothes, shoes, etc., etc. Adjoining the store is a hair-dressing parlor, which is the best in the oity, owing to its beauty and comfort, and to the absolute cleanliness of the implements used. It is provided with the latest improvements, including electrical apparatus for massage, fans, dryers, etc., etc.
sus especialidades
la
son
perfumera
tocalas
y artculos de
dor de
grandes
BoGOT., Colombia.
casas francesas, as
1
-
Anexo
al
almacn
de peluquera, que es el mejor de la ciudad, por su confort y lujo, y la absoluta desinfeccin que se practica en
',
i>>
"
' ,31
npi^j^
'
-"
''^^'
masaje, ventilacin,
secadores, etc.
_)
Bogot, Colom-
^*
bia.
CO.
banqueros-Merchants
and Bankers
-Bogot,
Colombia.
359
Railway Company
The
Pacific Railroad
oro.
del Ferrocarril del Pacfico se constituy con un capital de $1,400,000 Domiciliada en Bogot, Repblica de Colombia. Esta compaa, organizada de acuerdo con las leyes de la indicada repblica, se constituy el 17 de enero de 190S, y tuvo por objeto primordial la construccin y administracin de un ferrocarril que, partiendo del puerto de Buenaventura, en el ocano Tom a su Pacfico, pusiera en comunicacin el litoral con el interior de dicho pas. cargo la construccin de 530 kilmetros de va frrea, distancia del puerto hacia las ciudades de Cartago, en el norte del Departamento del Valle del Cauca, y a Popayn,
La Compaa
Company was
The company
on January
of
17,
is
and management
of
a railroad that, starting from the port of Buenaventura, should connect the Pacific
It
Departamento del Cauca. un ancho de tres pies ingleses, los rieles empleados son de 35 libras de peso por yarda y el material fijo y rodante empleado es de la mejor clase que se produce en los Estados Unidos de Amrica, mercado proveedor de
capital del
La
va contratada tiene
Department of El Valle del Cauca, and Popayn, capital Department of Cauca. The road contracted for has a gage of 3 English feet The rails weigh 35 pounds per yard, and all the material employed is of the best quaUty produced in the United States, whence it is imported.
tales elementos.
Ha
en
la
construido hasta
el
presente 174
Km.
Km.
Up
to the present time, 174 kilometers have been constructed from Buenaventura
va de Cali a Popayn, que se llama seccin del sur; y 25 Km. en la va del norte, o sea de Cali a Palmira; pues en Cali, importante ciudad, capital del Departamento del Valle, se bifurca la va para tomar direcciones sur y norte, yendo la primera hacia
known
Popayn, capital del Departamento del Cauca, y la segunda hacia Cartago, ciudad que queda en la estribacin occidental de la Cordillera Central y a donde confluye, por ser puerto sobre el ro Cauca, el comercio de los Departamentos de Antioquia y Caldas, secciones stas de las ms ricas del
pas.
and 24 kilometers of the northern section, which goes from Cali to Palmira; for at Cali, an important city of the Department of El Valle, the road divides into two branches, one going south to Popayn, the capital of the Department of Cauca, and the other to Cartago, a city located on the western spurs of the Central Cordillera, and a commercial center for the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, which are
La parte construida
del
ferrocarril
est
convenientemente dotada de material rodante y presta completo servicio al comercio. La construccin se contina en las dos ramas principales, cuya explanacin est adelantada hasta la mitad de la distancia entre CaU y Popayn, pronta pues a recibir rieles, y con intensidad sigue tambin los trabajos en la va del norte, o sea Cah-Palmira-Cartago. La va del sur lleva la direccin proyectada para el gran ferrocarril intercontinental, de manera que podr servir de base a ste y la del norte; al prolongarse pasar por Bogot, capital de la Hepblica de Colombia, y de all continuar hacia el ocano Atlntico para formar la va interocenica que proyecta construir el pas.
The
construc-
work
is
on both branches, half the section between Cali and Popayn being ready for laying
the
rails.
The northern
section,
is
that
is,
also pro-
by which
extended,
it
may be
used as a basis.
When
it will
go through Bogot,
it will
El gobierno paga a la compaa precio fijo por cada kilmetro que construya, y para el efecto, destin por leyes del Congreso, el 50% del producto de las aduanas del Pacfico,
al cual
fixed
amount
for
no
se
da otra inversin.
every kilometer built, and to that end, Congress appropriated 50 per cent of the receipts of the Pacific custom houses, a sum that may not be spent for any other purpose. The general offices of the company are in Bogot; the tecbnical offices, in Cali. This railroad will very greatly develop
the large territories it will traverse, and wiU therefore carry a great deal of freight, when the industries adapted to the excellent lands covered by the railroad are developed.
C, and Samper.
360
notario
Organized by public deed No. 454, iasued before the Second Notary Public of
Bogot, March
of
9,
2 de Bogot
el
un
$50 each.
Este banco tiene tres gerentes, que son: primer gerente, seor Esteban Jaramillo;
segundo, seor General Jorge Holgun, y tercero, seor Rafael Salazar.
principal, seor Guillermo
second manager. General Jorge Holgmn; and third manager, Mr, Rafael Salazar.
Principal auditor, Mr. Guillermo
The
principal
membera
of the
La junta
los seores
Nemesio
J.,
Bonifacio Vlez,
como
suplentes, los
Gon-
seores Rafael Reyes y ngulo, Jos Ignacio de Castro, Guillermo Gonzlez, Gabriel
several correspondents in
Estados Unidos.
Entre
los
& Westminster
19
London Couuty
&
don
&
&
Co., 31
Ru
Lothbury;
Neuflize
en Pars:
Ce.,
London
&
Lafayette,
Crdit
Lyonnais,
Boulevard
des
Italiens,
Paris;
National
&
31,
Ru
1418;
New
Bank, 20 Nassau
York.
Street,
New
Box
The
Mechanics
&
Metals National
besides agents in
adems de todos
agentes
corresponsales,
en
4%
month
and
for
3-moijth
Este
6-month
cent
for
deposits
per
4%
mensual;
12-month deposits.
interest
It aso
pays
de
seis
meses,
al
al
meses
6%.
on current accounts at
annum.
and
charges
12
per
cent rer
3%
Cobra
annum on
open
discounts, loans,
credits.
crditos flotantes, al
12%
anual.
road
is
tuyen
el capital
de
la
Compaa
que
to connect the
Bogot,
Colomits
with Buenaventura,
main
Colombia, con
el
el
principal puerto
martimo sobre
el
PacBco, que es
puerto de Buenaventura.
Direccin telegrfica: Gerencia.
C. 4lk
C,
and Sth
ed.f
Samper.
4a y Sa,
N."^
ed. y
SampeT. Apartado
260.
BogotA, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
361
Founded at Bogot,
1910.
dollars.
The Board of Administrators is formed as follows: managing director, Jaime Holgun; governing manager, Ramn B. Jimeno.
Miembros
del
Consejo Directivo:
Alfredo Valenzuela,
Members
of the
Board
of Directors:
Alfredo Valenzuela,
Nicols Gmez S., Jos D. Dvila, Hernando Holgun y Caro, Carlos A. Dvila y Gustavo Restrepo.
Nicols Gmez S., Jos D. Dvila, Hernando Holgun y Caro, Carlos A. Dvila, and Gustavo Restrepo.
Comisario
fiscal:
Ramn
Gonzlez Bustamante.
Auditor,
Ramn
Gonzlez Bustamante.
hipotecarios de 2 a 10 aos de plazo por el sistema de amortizacin, hasta la concurrencia del 50% del valor de la propiedad hipotecada, y segn las tablas de amortizacin adaptadas por el banco.
Hace prstamos
El prestamista tiene derecho a libertarse por anticipacin, previo acuerdo con la direccin, aprovechndose de la amortizacin ya cumplida.
plazo,
Mortgage loans for terms of 2 to 10 years, on the amortization plan, up to 50 per cent of the valu of the mortgaged property, and according to the amortization tables adapted by the bank.
El banco emite cdulas hipotecarias con 10 aos de amortizables por sorteos y respaldadas con todas las propiedades hipotecadas, con su capital y con sus reservas.
The loaner is entitled to cancel his debt before the stipulated time, by special arrangement with the management, receiving the benefit of the amortization for the time elapsed.
The bank issues 10-year mortgage deeds, to be amortized by the drawing of lots, and guaranteed by all mortgaged property, as well as the capital and reserve of the bank.
General and fixed-term deposits, at interest.
fijo,
devengando
intereses.
362
Founded in the city of Bogot, and organized by public deed No. 1923, issued before the Second Notary Public of Bogot, November 15, 1870. Capital, $500,000, divided into 2500 shares of $200 each, or shares to bearer, of $100
each.
its
$235,000, subscribed
suma de
$235,000.
its members. Owing to the honesty manager and its other employees, its business has grown to such an extent that today it may be considered one of the leading banks in the city, and also in the republic, having
by
of its
been in existence
for
46 years.
At present
dollars.
dollars.
has a capital of 2,566,061.44 Its reserve fund amounts to 166,020 These data are taken from the last
it
balance,
its accounts every six months, for the examination of the condition of its business, and at the end of every year it makes a general balance, which is published.
1915.
is assisted
The manager director, Mr. Carlos Camacho, by a board of directors, a principal auditor, Mr. Jos Joaqun Prez, and a substitute,
These are
all
com-
who
take great
The Bank
tives abroad,
of
honradez y consagracin, tanto de sus gerentes como de sus empleados, ha aumentado a tal punto, que se le puede considerar como uno de los ms fuertes de la ciudad, y si se quiere de la repblica, contando ya cuarenta y seis
la
Debido a
Smith Bank, Ltd., London; Crdit Lyonnais, 19 Boulevard des Italiens, Paris; Banco HispanoCompany, Ameircano, Madrid; and G. Amsinck &
London
&
New
York.
aos de existencia.
Su capital hoy da es de $2,566,061.44 oro. Cuenta con un fondo de reserva de $166,020 oro (datos tomados segn
el
interest on deposits as follows: For 3 months, 4 per cent per annum; for 6 months, 5 per cent per annum; for 12 months, 6 per cent per annum.
meses levantar un balance de todos sus negocios, despus de hecho un detenido examen de sus cuentas, y al fin de cada ao un balance general, el cual es publicado por el banco.
El director-gerente del banco tiene una junta
Bogot, Colombia.
Telegraph:
Bancbogot.
A. B. C. 4ih and 6th
ed.
Codes:
Lieber's,
un revisor principal, seor Jos Joay un suplente de ste, seor Andrs Vargas; todas personas idneas y honorables,
directiva;
qun Prez,
que se esfuerzan por el progreso del banco. El Banco de Bogot tiene varios agentes en el exterior, entre ellos: The Union of London & Smith Bank, Limited, en Londres; Crdit Lyonnais, 19 Boulevard des Italiens, en Pars; Banco Hispano-Americano, en Madrid; y G. Amsinck & Co. en Nueva York. El banco abona intereses por depsitos, as: de tres meses el 4% anual; de seis meses 5% anual; de doce meses 6% anual. Este banco tiene adems agentes en todos los puntos de la repblica.
Cdigos en uso: Liber y A. B. C. 4" y 5" ed.
Telgrafo:
CO.
fund en
el
Founded
Through
it
in
1909,
de $2,000,000 oro;
its
judicious
its
it
manera
employs, and
its
correcta
sus compromisos,
with
patrons,
has
won
se
ha captado
la confianza del
credit
handles transportation,
and navi-
Actualmente explota
sobre la vida,
los
contra incendio,
y navegacin;
canas,
Para
de
los
el
el total
de absoluta seguridad.
tiene estable-
sucursales
agencias
en
las
principales
y en
los
centros comerciales
ms importantes
cios
del exterior,
y su
radio de nego-
va en aumento da por
da.
La compaa
manera:
vice-presidente,
presidente,
seor
Nicols
Gmez
S.;
seor
Ernesto
Restrepo
M.;
Ofcina del Gerente
D. Dvila y Rafael
suplente, Gerardo
Manager's Office
it
European and two American Insurance companies enable to assume comparatively high risks, leaving a prudential
profit.
1,
margin of
No. 284.
Direc-
On January
estte
company
amounted to 488,563.46
y Samper
2." edicin.
Bogot, Colombia.
and
entirely
safe
shares
and agencies
and
in the
The
operations
is
president,
Mr. Ernesto
director,
Mr. Crem-
substitute,
Jos
Manuel
and
secretary,
Mr. Enrique
Greiffenstein.
8.^
Main
offices:
284 Carrera
Telegraph: Gralsegur.
Codes: A. B. C. 5th
ed., Lieber's,
and Samper's
2d
ed.
Bogot, Colombia.
364
Compaa Colombiana
de Seguros
Edificio de la
Building
of the
Fundada en
1874.
Founded
in
1874.
La ms antigua de
la repblica.
The
oldest in republic.
the
Transportes, Vida,
ncendio, Accidente.
surance.
Guaran-
Garanta.
tees.
Correctness and
promptness
settlements.
in
all
Primas mdicas.
Apartado No.
Direccin
fica:
Reasonable premiums.
P. O. address:
jg.
telegr-
Apartado No.
:
jp.
Seguros.
Telegraph Seguros.
BoGOT,CoLOMBIA.
Bogot, Colombia.
365
JOS
BONNET E HIJOS
Commercial
business
Fkench House
is
consejero
del
la
comercio
men
in Bogot.
He
fundador de
el
Sociedad
Commerce
Society of
in France, president
and founder
the
of the
French
seor Bour-
French Minister
decoration.
Bogot,
for
Legin
d'Honneur
de
la
Legin d'Honneur.
el
He was
decorated by
Guzmn
Blanco, president
Condecorado con
de Venezuela
el
presidente
on account
Guzmn
los ros
navegacin por
Orinoco y
Meta de Ciudad
Bolvar
Meta
(Venezuela) hasta
el
el
a port on the
as
Meta
river, at
Meta que se halla a igual distancia de Bogot que Honda. La navegacin fu inaugurada en el ao de 1890 y termin
en 1899 con
la revolucin
Honda.
The navigation
line
was established
in 1890,
in
and
Vene-
que
estall
en aquel
pas.
Fund adems en
criaderos
los
llanos
He opened
ranches,
Orocu
and ViUavicencio,
of
progreso.
mente de Francia.
Est situada en
all
store
located on Second
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
366
San
Jos Factobies
Bros.
Caballero
empresa
fu
Founded by Messrs. Caballero Brothers (Lucas, Julio, Alfredo and In 1908 they established modern plants for the manufacture of sugar, chocolate and Hquors, etc., on their San Jos farm, which has a great many water-faUs, and is located in the center
Carlos Alberto).
of a populous vaUey, producing sugar cae, cotton, ndigo, cacao, etc.
talists for
In 1912 they entered into a contract with several European capithe development of the works, to which a new power house, a flour miU and a texte factory have been added. On May 21, 1912, there was founded at Antwerp the new Franco-Belgian Industrial Society, with a capital of 3,000,000 francs, represented by capital contributed by Messrs. Caballero Brothers, and a mortgage loan of 4,000,000 francs, advanced by bankers, for new plants. Besides Caballero Brothers, the foUowing capitalists, who supphed
the loan, are stockholders
:
MaUet
Frres,
Neuflize
& Company,
wr
-mm
i
_:
f.'
.'
s 1^^^
KS
'4Btadi
^^k&^SL^lM
^P^M
^^^^
los si:
tt;:.l5f^-^'H
& Company
Son
accionistas de la empresa,
&
Ci., Hottinguer & Ce., y la Caisse de Prets Fonciers et Industriis de Pars; Pinto Leite & Nephews de Londres; Lionel Hagenaers & Co., de Nueva-York; La Banque de Reports de Fonds Publics et de Depots, de Amberes, y el seor Paul Petit de Bruselas.
and the Caisse de Prets Fonciers et Indus& Nephews, London; Lionel Hagenaers & Company, New York; La Banque de Reports de Fonds Publics et de Depots, Antwerp; and Mr. Paul Petit, Brussels.
Hottinguer
triis,
The works
(1)
La empresa est compuesta de las siguientes instalaciones: I) Dos casas de fuerza, con materiales de la Pelton Co. y de
Two power
la
(2) (3) (4)
houses, with equipment furnished by the Pelton Company and the Westinghouse Company, United States.
Westinghouse de los Estados Unidos. II) Talleres de mecnica, carpintera y herrera. III) Fbrica de hilados y tejidos con capacidad para 4000 Ubras diarias de hUo.
IV) VI)
Molino de harinas, con capacidad para 80 barriles diarios. V) Fbrica de chocolates para producir 7000 hbras diarias.
(5)
(6) (7) (8)
Sugar
mili,
Ingenio de azcar para 1000 toneladas anuales. VII) Destera. VIII) Servicio de alumbrado elctrico, red telefnica y proteccin contra incendio.
distillery.
An
electric-light,
Main
office:
P. O. address:
Telegraph:
Infranbel.
A. B.C. Sth
ed.
Lieber' s.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
367
ALFONSO TOUCHET
Bogot, Colombia
Esta casa fu fundada por el seor Julin Yerles en el ao de 1869, habindole sucedido ms tarde el seor Alfonso Touchet, caballero francs que hace muchos aos reside en Bogot y que ha sabido captarse las simpatas del pblico en general. Su casa de comercio est situada en la plaza principal de la ciudad de Bogot, que es la Plaza de BoHvar. Este
in 1867.
Mr. Yerles
many
located on the
main square,
its
called Bolvar
constantly growing
almacn debe su fama y prosperidad siempre crecientes al cuidado que ha demostrado en atender a su clientela y poner a la venta artculos solamente de primera calidad. Este almacn tiene su casa de compras principal en Pars, sin que por esto deje de introducir al pas artculos
de otras naciones, como Inglaterra e Italia. En artculos de novedades para seoras tiene gran variedad, ropa interior de algodn, lana
and reputation to Mr. Touchet's able manageservice, as well as to the excellent quality
of ladies' novelties, as
seda.
underwear.
Tiene un magnfico departamento de sombreros para hombre en el que vende la acreditada marca "Dehn" y otras. En artculos de perfumera y tocador tiene gran
variedad.
toilet
lionibres
ao de 1870^por
los seores
el
Founded
in 1870
by Messrs. Garcin
is
&
Richard.
Today
&
seor
sol owner.
Owing
to his great
Guillermo Richard.
become one
of the principal
in Bogot.
As the
articles
ported
from
England,
France
and
Italy,
they
The
ladies'
and gentlemen's
novelties.
The department
of
of ladies'
fancy hats
is
in charge
won
parlor
the esteem
there are
of her
customers.
ladies
In
of
her
several
young
high
refinement,
who
The
where
lish
store
has
department
of
men's
hats,
the
Sublime
Eng-
la
altura
hats
made by
Fratello.
Italia.
'
Su
especialidad son
To sum
deaired
may
be
by persons
good
taste.
seora Richard,
dama que ha
sabido captarse
En
este
scale,
and
it
achieved
its
ms
el
buen
el
cual
la acreditada
marca
italiana Guiseppe
&
Fratello.
En
fiji,
fusamente todos
ocupaba en
la
exportacin
caf,
en
caucho
cueros;
y que debido a
esto adquiri su
mayor
impulso.
369
CARRIZOSA, HERRERA & ClA. 309 BROADWAY, NUEVA YORK BOGOT, COLOMBIA
The
Los progresistas seores Carrizosa, Herrera & CA. han introducido en
comercio bogotano una grande y tilsima innovacin en su hermoso "Alel
progressive firm of
Carrizosa,
Herrera &
most
in
.
innovation
macen
peso,"
el
de
centavo
handsome
"Ic.-lo-
SI Store," opened
by the
nndez Building.
in
its
On
ac-
mede
which the
firm,
through
is
Nueva York,
los
se hallan con
New York
branch,
manufacturers
porters,
it is
and
ex-
tados Unidos, han logrado poner al alcance de todo el mundo artculos de primera calidad, muchos de
los cuales
able to place
without
loss
to
itself,
no podan com-
muy
many
of
which
high prices.
consumidores a que visiten el muy completo muestrario de telas de seda y de algodn, y de toda
clase de tejidos en general,
Carrizosa, Herrera
&
que Carrizosa, Herrera & CA. mantienen constantemente en su depar-, tamento de importacin en Bogot, as como en su oficina de exportacin de
ment
in
its
of the firm in
Bo-
got, or its
New
ples,
Nueva York.
Los
seores
Carrizosa,
Herrera &
Ca.
son
Herbert B. Lederer
Nueva York
sta
es
&
Co.
i--:
A
>>,
una de
las
ms importantes
casas norteamericanas
fabricantes
y exportadoras de
Velos
Crespones
Sedas
Malinas
Chiffons
370
Este gran almacn de los seaores Livano Hermanos fu establecido en el ao de 1903, y est situado en la Plaza de Bolvar, centro de la ciudad de Bogot. Su especialidad al principio fu la de todos los artculos que se relacionan con el
is
This large store, belonging to Messrs. Livano Brothers, was founded in 1903, and located on Bolvar Square, which is the center of the city of Bogot. At first, ita specialty was gentlemen's furnishings. Later, a department was opened
1
>^
Escuela
Remington
School
Remington
Ms
and
electrieal apparatus.
mquinas de
escribir
artculos elctricos.
calidad
ms
sobresa-
The policy of this store is to sell only the best goods. hats made by Henry Heat, Ltd., London; Pope and
It is the sol
371
hats;
Ansonia,
New
breros, la
'
electric
batteres.
It
York, watches; Remington tjTjewriters, New York; Hellen's also keeps Gillette safety razors (Boston), and Shirley
President suspenders.
styles
This store affords its patrons all the facilities necessary to dress after the latest and wear the best raaterials worn in London. The system of cash payments allows low prices for best-quality goods.
Adjoining the
location
store,
on the same square, is the Livano building, which is used and travelling agents. This buildng, on account of both its
and its elegance, is considered the best of its kind in the city. There are in the building comfortable living apartments, located on the second and third floors. There are telephones in all the offices, and there are, besides, baths, a barber shop,
first-class lavatories,
a printery,
is
etc., etc.
stenographic work of
all
kinds
done.
the concerns in the building, called "Bogot Improvements," does work relating to the sanitation of the city, opening of new streets, and other city works
of
One
of
a similar character.
Telegraph:
Direccin telegrfica'
Bogot, Colombia.
NARVAEZ &
Banqueros,
Comisionistas -Bankers
Casa bancaria fundada en el ao de 1895. Situada la primera Calle Real, donde hace toda clase de opera-
ClA.
and Commission Merchants
founded in 1895, located on First and conducting aU kinds of banking operations. It has agencies and branch offices in the principal cities of the republic. Representatives of European bankers, among them Fould & Company, of Pars.
institution
Banking
en
CaUe
Real,
Representantes de banqueros europeos, especialmente de Fould & Ci., de Pars. Casa exportadora de caf y otros frutos del pais; imclase de mercancas. Tiene establecida una agencia agrcola, la que se hace cargo de la venta a comisin de productos agrcolas, hace avances de dinero a los agricultores y les facilita la realizacin de sus cosechas.
portacin
comisin
de
toda
Exporters of coffee and other home products; commission importers of all kinds of goods.
The firm has an agricultural department, which sells on commission aU kinds of agricultural products, advanoes
money
crops.
to
farmers,
and
assists
them
in
seUing their
Almacenes y depsitos
Apartado N. 360.
Store
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
MARIO VOLLAIRE
Casa de Comercio
El seor Mario VoUaire, actualmente nico dueo de la firma, fu durante ms de 10 aos socio gerente de la importante firma de Jos Bonnet en Oroou, Casanare, y como tal le correspondi establecer el servicio de navegacin por buques de vapor por los ros Orinoco y Meta, entre los puertos de Ciudad Bolvar, Venezuela, y Puerto Canal, Colombia, servicio que dur hasta el ao de 1900, poca en la cual el vapor Libertador que lo prestaba fu llevado por los revolucionarios a Venezuela, quedando desde entonces suspendido. Fu tambin el seor Vollaire quien estableci el servicio de correos en las apartadas regiones de los Llanos en el ao de 1889, en su cahdad de gerente de la mencionada firma. En 1900 fund en Villavicencio una casa de comercio de importacin y exportacin, que gir bajo la razn social de VoUaire & Fonnegra, la cual se ocup tambin en grande escala de la movihzacin de ganados de los Llanos de Casanare y San Martn al Tolima. En 1906 el seor VoUaire estableci en Bogot la casa actual, que gir hasta 1911 con el nombre de Vollaire & Mah, la cual se disolvi, quedando desde entonces el seor VoUaire como nico dueo. Este almacn. Situado en el centro de la oaUe principal y la ms concurrida de la ciudad, se recomienda por el escogido surtido de artculos de gusto y de novedad que su dueo se esmera en renovar mensuahnente. La casa se ha especializado en toda clase de artculos para nios, como confecciones, sombreros, calzado y artculos para seoras, sin que por eso deje de tener para cabaUeros un excelente surtido de prendas para vestir. El seor VoUaire, de nacionaUdad francesa, reside en Colombia desde hace ms de 30 aos, y sus negocios lo han Uevado en varias ocasiones a viajar por Europa, particularmente por Francia, Blgica, Suiza, etc., donde ha establecido importantes relaciones comerciales. Almacn: S^ Calle Real N." 484 y 486. Direccin telegrfica: "Vollaire." Apartado de correos . 469 Bogot, Colombia.
Gommercial
House
Mr. Mario VoUaire, who at present is the only proprietor of this house, was for over 10 years a partner and manager of the proininent firm of Jos Bonnet at Orocu, Casanare, and in that capacity he established the steam navigation servioe on the Orinoco and Meta rivers, between the ports of Ciudad Bolvar, Venezuela, and Puerto Canal, Colombia. This service lasted until 1900, when the steamboat Libertador, which did it, was sezed by the Venezuelan revolutionists, the service having since ceased. It was also Mr. VoUaire who, as manager of the firm referred to, estabHshed maU service in the distant regions of the Llanos in 1889. In 1910 he founded at ViUavicencio an import and export commercial house under the ame of VoUaire & Fonnegra, a firm which also did considerable business in sending cattle from the Casanare and San Martin Uanos to Tolima.
In 1906 Mr. VoUaire estabUshed in Bogot the present firm, which, up to 1911, went by the ame of VoUaire & Mah. The company was later dissolved, Mr. VoUaire remaining as sol
owner. His store
is located in the center of the principal and most frequented Street in the city. It keeps a select stock of novelties and articles of good taste, which is constantly renewed.
The house has specialized in all kinds of articles for children, such as trimmings, hats and shoes, and also ladies' goods. However, it also keeps a good stock of gentlemen's articles. Mr. VoUaire, who is of French nationaUty, has lived in Colombia more than 30 years. He has made several business trips to Europe, He has estabUshed especially France, Belgium, and Switzerland. exceUent commercial relations with other firms. Store: Second Calle Real Nos. 484 ".nd 4S6. Telegraph: Vollaire. P. O. address: Apartado 460.
Bogot, Colombia.
372
ms antiguos
siglo
de
la
plaza de Bogot.
el
Founded
Julin
century.
in
asocio de sus
existencia
tiene
ms de medio
de
and Enrique.
been
in existenee
over half a
Up
to 1886,
las generaciones
a
seor
by the present
generation.
En
el
ao de 1886, con
la
new
partner,
casa
tom
el
nombre de Enrique
ame
of
& Com-
Thorin
&
Ca.
y ms tarde
el
de Thorin
&
&
Goubert, which
present ame.
y cuyos socios administradores son los seores Any Enrique Thorin, antiguo alumno diplomado de la Ecole des Hautes Etudes Coramerciales de Pars, hijo de uno de los fundadores.
tiene actualnaente,
Its
managing partners are Mr. Antonio Goubert, who has been a part-
who
is
la casa, reside
en Pars y es an su
principal consejero.
and
is stili
La
laje
casa de Thorin
&
Goubert
se
ocupa en
importacin y venta de
its
active representative
of
all
and principal
adviser.
sells
al ramo de ferretera, quincallera y utien general, principalmente de fabricacin francesa; y ha debido su xito constante a lo escogido de sus productos.
The house
ware, nearly
Thorin
&
aU Idnds of hardits
It
owes
great suc-
Tiene adems un departamento completo de bateras de cocina, de artculos para comedor y para uso de la casa, sin contar un variadsimo surtido de artculos para tocador y uso personal, de tal suerte que toda persona de la ciudad o de fuera, encuentra en el almacn de los seores Thorin & Goubert, reunido y sin perder tiempo, todo lo que necesite para su casa, su taller o su campo, de buena calidad y a precios razonables. Si a esto se agrega el esmero con el cual est atendida la clientela, no es de extraar que todos los favorecedores de los seores Thorin & Goubert queden siempre satisfechos de las operaciones que hacen con esa casa.
quaUty of
its
goods.
other domestic
sonal articles.
there, together,
&
Goubert
will find
and without
loss of time,
everything he
may
need for
his house, his shop, or his farm, all articles being first quality
at reasonable prices.
never
fails
to satisfy patrons.
373
DR. CARLOS
ESQUERRA
"Marly"
Sanatorium
Fundada el 18 de enero de 19U4 por el eminente mdico doctor Carlos Esguerra, en colaboracin con otros mdicos de la capital.
Este hermoso edificio esti situado en el camino que une a Bogot con el barrio de Chapinero. Dicha quinta posee toda^ las condiciones higinicas que se requieren para el objeto a que est destinada, en una extensin de cerca de cinco fanegadas, o sean cuatro hectreas; la casa es muy hermosa, est rodeada de jardines, con todo el lujo y comodidad de las mejores casas de la ciudad. Cuenta adems con un parque ingls de poco menos de una fanegada plantada de pinos y eucaliptus. con flores y terrenos preparados para juegos de tennis y cricket; una huerta de legumbres y rboles Tiene agua propia potable de primera calidad y agua en abundancia para frutales. el riego y otros usos. La capacidad de ia referida Casa de Salud puede contener cincuenta enfermos.
Founded January 18. 1904, by the prorainent physician Dr. Carlos Esguerra, in co-operation with other physicians of the capital.
This elegant building is situated on the road connecting Bogot with the subur ban town of Chapinero. It possesses all necessary sanitary conditions. Its grounds eover an rea of about 4 hektares. The building is very handsome, is surrounded by gardens. and has all the luxury and comforts of the best establishments of its kind It has besides an English park covering an rea of nearly 1 hektare. n the city. planted with cucalyptus and pine trees, and flowers. It also has tennis and cricket grounds, a vegetable garden, and sevcral fruit trees, and abundant potable water, as well as water for irrigation and other purposes.
Cuenta adems con departamentos especiales para aiibos sexos, otros son destinados exclusivamente para los pacientes cuya enfermedad necesita atencin quirrgica. La sala de operaciones est instalada con todos ios adelantos modernos y cientficos de la ciruga; tiene una pieza anexa, para la desinfeccin, que est adaptada a la referida sala de operaciones.
Los enfermos pueden
contratar tambin
el ir
for
50 patients.
sexes,
equipped with
is
all
modern
scientific
room, used
in
improvements; communicating with it, there connection with the work of the operating rooni.
a disinfection
a la Casa de Salud, pagando nicamente pieza, alimentacin, el mdico o cirujano de su confianza; pueden la misma Casa de Salud
casa con la colaboracin de los cirujanos
Para
el
Patients admtted to the sanitarium must pay only for their rooms, board and ordinary nursing service, while employing their own physicians. If desired, they may by special arrangement engage the services of the physicians and surgeons of
the institution.
ms afamados de
prestan
el
director de la casa
la
Como
servicio cientfico
permanente cuenta
capital.
The sanitarium has at its disposal the services of the most famous surgeons in the The ordinary medical service is rendered by the director of the institution and the manager of the company. The institution has permanently a directing physician, a surgeon, and two assistants.
El servicio interno, administracin y cuidado de los enfermos est a cargo de Hermanas de la Caridad; tiene adems la casa una botica con todas las drogas y materiales de curacin que necesita para su mejor servicio, las que pide directamente de Europa y Estados Unidos. Tambin cuenta con un automvil para transporte de enfermos y, en caso de urgente necesidad, para los mdicos. La casa estableci desde su fundacin un sistema de seguro que garantiza a la persona abonada a la referida compaa, el servicio de mdico; este suguro ha tenido xitos positivos en algunos colegios. Los asegurados pagan un peso oro por el examen de admisin y otro por cuota mensual anticipada; stos tienen derecho al consultorio privado del director de la casa.
The
and
care of patients
is
in the
hands
of the Sisters
of Charity.
The institution has a special pharmacy, where all necessary drugs and medicine , It has an autodirectly imported from Europe and the United States, are kept. mobile service for the conveyance of patients, and, in case of necessity, of physicians
also.
En el establecimiento de la Casa de Salud de Marly, los enfermos que se suscriben a la referida compaa de seguros del establecimiento, tienen derecho, en las horas de la maana, a recibir visitas del mdico en su domicilio particular; y en caso de enfermedades graves, sern llevados a la Casa de Salud sin hacer ningn desembolso
It has had since its foundation a system of insurance which entitles the insurcd This system has given splendid results in to the medical service of the institution. several coUeges. Those insurcd pay SI. 00 for admission examination, and $1.00 a month in advance as a membershp fee. They are entitled to advice, free of charge, at the prvate Consulting office of the institution; also, when sick, to receive calis during the moruing hours, at their own residences, from the institution's physicians; and in case of serious illness, to be conveyed to the institution free of charge.
374
ClA.
La casa Vieira & Ca. se fuitl en el ao de 1909, casa que con el nombre de Carlos Fonnegra y Antonio Vieira F. Posteriormente Antonio fundaron la Papelera Nueva. Vieira, el Bazar Bolvar, y hoy Gran Almacn de Novedailcs
Vieira
&
Ca.
foundcd in 1909. Fonnegra and Antonio Vieira F., it founded the New Stationery Store (Papelera Nueva), later known as Vieira's Bazaar Bolvar, and today as Vieira Company & Grand Novelty Store (Gran Almacn tle
Vieira
of Carlos
Almacn que tienen establecido en un edificio bastante cmodo, central y elegante, y en el que han puesto a la
elegant, comfortable
and
central
building.
Its
specialties are
American
l'ancy
and
Los seores Vieira & Ca. desde hace varios aos son agentes de la casa West Disinfecting Co. de Nueva York, fabricantes del C. N. y de artculos de desinfeccin y aparatos sanitarios, los mejores del mundo. El C. N. ha alcanzado su mayor prestigio como desinfectante y sus cualidades higinicas son ya bastante conocidas.
Messrs. Vieira & Company have l)een for several years agents for the West Disinfecting Company, makers of C. N. and of the best disinfectants and sanitary appliances known in the world.
gift goods.
C. N. enjoys the greatest reputation as a disinfectant, hygienic qualities being universally known.
its
The
la casa
firm
Co.,
of St. Louis,
St. Louis, fabricantes de sillones de peluquera, primera casa que introdujo este adelanto a Colombia. Estas sillas son usailas hoy da en casi todos los salones de peluquera en Bogot. La casa de Vieira & Ca. ha sido una de las que ms se han preocupado por los adelantos del comercio y que ms han gastado en prop;iganda. Calle 12, nmeros 105 y 109. Direccin telegnfica: Vieira. Claves: A. B. C. quinta edicin, Lieber y Saniper.
also an agent for Koken Barbers & Company, makers of barbers' chairs, the firm having boen to introduce them in Coloml)ia. They are at presis
all
The
& Company
and
amount
of
money
:
for
those wlio have and spent the largest the general development of connncMce.
is
among
energc-tically
105-109 12ih
Tel(>grapli
Street.
Vieira.
ed.,
Codas: A. B. C, 5th
375
galera fotogrfica de
L.
l.
lara
s.
Lara
S.'s
Photographic Studio
La ms amplia y moderna de Bogot, construida recientemente al estilo europeo. Sus trabajos obtuvieron medalla de oro de primera Interclase y diploma de honor en la Exposicin nacional de Invenciones Modernas de Roma, en 1911; medalla de oro de primera clase y diploma de honor en la Gran Exposicin Internacional de Fotografa, de Pars, en 1912; copa de plata, premio nico, en el concurso de fotografa nocturna de Bogot, en 1914; y en la Exposicin Nacional de 1899 el jurado de calificacin acord
una mencin
honorfi-
and most modern of its kind in BoEuropean standards. Its work won a first-class gold medal and diploma of honor at the Rome International Exlargest
The
position of Modern Inventions, 1911; a first-class gold medal and diploma of honor at the 1912 Paris Grand International Photographic Exposition; a silver cup, the only prize, at the Photographic Contest held in Bogot in The judges of 1914.
the 1899 National Exposition made honorable mention of Mr. connection in Lara with the photographic work he exhibited.
ca al seor Lara por los trabajos fotogrficos que all expuso. Se encarga de todo trabajo garantizado en
conforme a
adelantos.
los
ltimos
La casa
cereetc.,
puede
monies, festivals,
all
by
Work
de
la riales
ciudad.
Mate-
outside
un
surtido
in-
comparable
mente.
Carrera
de
car-
396.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
376
CO.
Santiago
Founded by the
Don
Samper Brush, who between the years 1895 and 1896 obtained from
the Department of Cundinamarca and the Municipahty of Bogot concessions for the establishment of a hydroeleotric plant to supply Ught,
heat,
and power
ferred to
Samper Brush
as
place
known
El Charquito.
Here the
of
small
on the night
August
6-7, 1900.
In April, 1904, the stock company now known as Bogot Electric Power Company (Compaa de Energa Elctrica de Bogot) was
organized in accordance with the laws of Colombia.
capital,
all
It
now has
capital
paid-in,
of of
1,153,410
doUars,
divided
authorized
still
into
230,682
is
shares,
of
the
valu
$5
each.
The
It has not
velopment of the enterprise; for the great improvements made from 1900
to
transmission
fold,
which have
fondos de reserva y de depreciacin, que en el ltimo balance de junio de 1915 estaban muy bien representados
have been made with the profits from the plant itself, without using
of the reserve or depreciation
any
por $425,684.00 oro, o sea como el ance of June, 1915, amounted to 37% del capital pagado, y atendien425,604 doUars, or about 37 per do al pago de dividendos. cent of the capital paid-in, without Las acciones de la empresa se neglecting the payment of dividends. cotizan en el mercado de $13.00 a The company's shares are quoted $13.50 oro y son muy solicitadas, in the market at between 13 and sin que haya oferta de ellas a estos 13.50 doUars, and are very much ^,, t^, El Charquito precios, que representan una prima in demand, none being offered at these prices, which represent a premium of between 8 and 8.50 doUars de $8.00 a $8.50 oro sobre el valor nominal de la accin, prima que est justificada, fuera del dividendo de $0.84 oro anual que paga por on the nominal valu of the shares; a premium which is justified both accin, por la prosperidad y halagadores prospectos de la empresa, a by a dividend of 0.84 doUars per annum per share, and by the present En la actualidad la cual le queda todava un gran campo de accin. prosperity and bright prospects of the enterprise, which stiU has a wide field to exploit. la planta del Charquito, que^ es la ms importante del pas, tiene
una capacidad total de 3635 kilovatios, distribuida Tres grupos hidroelctricos de 305 kilovatios c/u Un grupo hidroelctrico de 810 kilovatios c/u Un grupo hidroelctrico de 1910 kilovatios c/u
as:
3635 kilovatios Total Los generadores trifsicos producen la energa a 6700 voltios 60 perodos, que es transformada a 20,000 voltois para ser transportada a Bogot por la linea area de 26 kilmetros de longitud. En la central de Bogot la tensin es reducida a dos mil seiscientos voltios y llevada a las sub" estaciones de distribucin, en donde se transforma a doscientos sesenta voltios tensin compuesta. La red de distribucin de la ciudad mide hoy 76 kilmetros y est servida por trece subestaciones de distribucin.
At present the Charquito plant, which is the most important in the repubUc, has a total capacity of 3635 kowatts, distributed as foUows: Three 305-ldlowatt hydroeleotric sets 915 kilowatts One 810-kilowatt hydroelectric set 810 kowatts One 1910-kUowatt hydroelectric set 1910 kowatts
Total 3635 kilowatts three-phase generators produce a 6700-volt, 60-period current,
The
which
is transformed to 20,000 volts to be transmitted to Bogot over a 26-ldlometer Une. At the Bogot power house the voltage is reduced to 2600 volts and the current transmitted to the distributing substations, where it is changed to 260 volts, compound. The distributing system in the city aggregates 76 kilometers, and has 13 distributing substations.
Cuidado especial se pone en la esmerada conservacin de la planta y dependencias, en las cuales se introducen permanentemente los
ltimos adelantos de la ciencia, por lo cual atencin del visitante
el
Uama
especialmente la
mantenimiento cuidadoso de ellas, as como el orden y buen servicio que presta. Al mismo tiempo la organizacin interna de la compaa es notable por el sentimiento altruista que revela con sus empleados y obreros; as es que la empresa tiene un sanatorio muy bien montado en la ciudad, donde se da asistencia mdica y se atiende gratuitamente al personal de la compaa; costea una escuela gratuita para sus obreros y los hijos de stos en Bogot y otra en El Charquito, donde asisten adems los hijos de los campesinos de los alrededores que quieren recibir all enseanza gratuita; atiende al seguro de vida de todo su personal, y estimula con una caja de
ah.T-fos
el
Great care is taken to keep the plant and all its accessories in perfect working order. AU the latest improvements are put in as soon as known. Visitors are very much struck with the orderly way in which the plant is kept, and the admirable service it renders. The management of the company is noted for the altruistic spirit it has shown in dealing with its employees. The company has a very good sanitarium in the city, where employees reoeive treatment and medical attention free of oharge. It has also a free school for its employees and their children, in the city of Bogot, and another at El Charquito. The latter school is also attended by all the children in the neighborhood who wish to study, no charges being made for their instruction. The
company
its
employees, and
hiis
establishod
de sus servidores.
thrift.
377
LA INDUSTRIA
Fundada el 3 de mayo de 1908, con un capital de S-100,000 integramenta pagado, dividido en 4,000 acciones de valor nominal de $1,000 cada una; stas se cotizan hoy en el mercado con el 100% de prima,
siendo su precio corriente
el
Founded May 3, 1908, with a capital of $100,000, entirely paid in, divided into 4000 shares having a nominal valu of $100 each. These
shares are today quoted in the market at a
their current valu being
premium
de $200.
$200 each.
edificio de los mejoque est destinado, o sea exclusivamente en el beneficio de trigo, del cual muele aproximadamente 50,000 cargas al ao; por esta razn figura entre las primeras de su clase.
The works have a beautiful building, which is one of the best adapted to the purpose for which it is intended the elaboration of wheat.
and
is
considered
its
kind.
se elaboran provienen en su mayor parte de todas de Cundinamarca, Boyac, y de algunas de sus tierras templadas, que lo producen de muy buena calidad, aunque en muy es-
casa cantidad.
La harina que producen sus molinos es consumida por todo el Departamento de Cundinamarca, el del Tolima y parte del de Antioquia y esto, debido a que sus productos elaborados all son de primera calidad, por contar con una de las maquinarias modernas ms finas y completas
;
The wheat worked comes mostly from the cold regions of Cundinamarca and Boyac. Some of it comes from the temprate regions of the same departments, where the wheat produced, although in small quantities, is of excellent quality. The flour produced by the works is used throughout the departments of Cundinamarca and Tolima, as well as in some parts of Antioquia. This extensive use of its producs is due to their good quality, which in its turn is due to the fact that the machiner}' used is among the most modern and complete known in the
republic.
al pas.
La empresa
The works carries insurance with several Colombian and English companies to the amount of $4,000,000, English gold.
It is located
las calles
de ms trfico
of the
378
pur.
Short-horn (Durham) cattle herd, pur breed, and more than Proprietors, Ruperto Restrepo S. & Sons.
bull,
This herd was started in 1885 with two oows and one
short-horn, introduced from England,
pur
and inscribed
in the English
Herd Book, under the ames Sweetbrier 4th, Violet Gwynne 2nd, and Star of Cornwall 50514; and three cows, also pur shorthorn, bought from Messrs. Ig-
Shortr-horn,
seores Ignacio
compradas _ a y Simn de
el
los
la
Torre,
nacidas en
pas,
de
Colombia of parents imported from England. Their ames were Lady Lousas Duchess 18th, Mary Anderson, and Marchioness 4th.
The
Crossing
tan inteligentes
Gmez
ya alguna
base de
Ms
tarde se intro-
Sunny Jim 123170, ambos ins-' 1916, son critos en el Herd Book ingls; Sunny ostenta una de las mejores genealogas que se registran en el mencionado libro, como que su parde y -abuelo Dul:e of Kingston 2nd. y King Christian of Denmark, ganaron respectivamente el premio Campen en la exposicin de la Sociedad Real de Agricultura
de Inglaterra. Este rebao ha sido formado en la ms estricta seleccin, tanto que los ejemplares que no corresponden con el tipo de la raza, ya sean machos o hembras, se destinan para el matadero.
Fassfern
of
Sunny Jim
scribed
in
68628;
and
in
1914,
Sunny Jim 123170, both inSunny boasts one of the the English Herd Book.
best pedigrees recorded in that book, his father and grandfather having been respectively Duke of Kingston 2nd, and King Christian of Denmark. They won the champonship prize at the Exposition of the
English Royal Society of Agriculture. This herd has been formed with the most caref ul selection
all
speoi-
Su ganado ha
primeros premios.
to the standard type, whether males or females, being sent to the slaughter house. The cattle coming from the herd has received first prize at several
recent expositions.
Tienen permanentemente para la venta toretes pura sangre y toretes y novillas cruzadas. Para informes, dirigirse en Bogot a la Carrera Tienen 178, Telfono 547, o a la direccin abajo indicada. S.''' N. tambin caballos y yeguas finas de paso, cruzados con sangre rabe.
Apartado N.
12.
Bogla, Colombia.
The owners keep oonstantly for sale high-bred buUocks and halfbred buUocks and heifers. For other details address Carrera 8", No. 178, Bogot. Telephone 547. On the ranch are also kept fine pacing horses and mares, crossed with Arab breeds. Bogot, Colombia. P. O. address: Apartado No. 12.
Sunny Jim
Muestra de
la raza
Specimen
of the
Breed
379
"La
Holanda" Farm
Esta hacienda, por su posicin geogrfica, tiene mucha semejanza al pas del mismo nombre, por estar rodeada de canales y diques, que contribuyen al embellecmnento y feracidad de su tierra. , Dicha hacienda est situada en la Sabana de Bogot a 20 kilmetros de la capital V a medio de la estacin Mosquera, en la lnea frrea que comunica la capital con la poblacin de Girardot sobre el ro Magdalena. Su situacin topogrfica la rodea de los encantos de una vegetacin exuberante, de un clima agradable. Est a una altura sobre el nivel del mar de dos mil seiscientos tres metros y su temEeratura media es de trece y medio grados centgrados. Su extensin es de ochocientas ectreas de terrenos completamente planos, rodeados de diques para evitar las inundaLa calidad de su tierra es excelente, dada la ciones de los ros Bogot y Balsillas. circunstancia de que, siendo la parte ms baja de la Sabana, estuvo cubierta de agua en tiempos anteriores, y su capa vegetal es de mucho espesor y por lo tanto muy nca en materias fertilizantes. j ^ ... j Su propietario actual es el doctor don Rafael Rocha Castilla; el administrador Debido a la acuciosidad y consagracin de es su hijo, seor Pablo Rocha Dordelli. estos dos seores, la hacienda ha llegado a su mayor progreso, pudindose asegurar que da por da su mayor empeo consiste en colocar su finca en primer trmino entre las de su clase. v j , j Cuenta esta hacienda con mil quinientas cabezas de ganado bovino, todas de raza Short-Horn; todos los reproductores empleados son de raza pura introducida de Inglaterra; para el efecto, se traen peridicamente reproductores de gran precio y escogidos all por la muy conocida firma de John Thornton & Co. Si todos los propietarios se ocuparan tanto como los seores Rocha por la mejora de la cra de ganados, la industria pecuaria llegara en Colombia a su apogeo. Esta hacienda suministra la mayor parte de los reproductores empleados en la Sabana de Bogot. Se ha conservado la caUdad lechera, al mismo tiempo que su peso en carne es notable. Los novillos engordados en sus dehesas varan de peso entre novecientos a mil doscientos kilos, que es el mximum de gordura que se puede obtener en el ganado. El producto de su lechera alcanza a cuatrocientos mil litros por ao. La cantidad de rboles con que cuenta La Holanda embellecen el paisaje y son de grande utilidad por ser sus maderas de construccin. Sus alamedas tienen una extensin de doce kilmetros. Este paraje, rodeado de colinas y surcado por los ros Bogot y Balsillas y sus diques que lo rodean, sembrado de rboles elevadsimos, la mayor parte de ellos eucaliptus,
.
Owing to its peculiar topography, this farm resembles very much the country after it is named, being surrounded by cais and dikes, whch make it at once picturesque and fertile. It is located on the Savannah of Bogot, 20 kilometers from the capital, and onehalf kilometer from Mosquera station, on the railroad connecting Bogot with GirarIt has a most exuberant vegetation, and a deUghtful dot, on the Magdalena river. climate. Its elevation above sea-level is more than 2,703 meters, and its average temperature is 133-2 C. It has an rea of SOO hektares of perfectly level ground, surrounded by dikes to prevent floods from the Bogot and Balsillas rivers. Its soil is excellent from the fact that, forming the lowest part of the savanna, it was once covered by water, and that its vegetable upper formation is very deep and therefore very rich in fertilizing substances. Present owner, Dr. Rafael Rocha Castilla; manager, his son, Mr. Pablo Rocha Dordelli. The industriousness of these two gentlemen has given great prosperity to the farm, and they never tire in their efforts to make it the best of its kind.
which There are on the farm 1500 head of short-horn cattle. A11 the male breeders are brought from England. They are imported periodically at great expense, being selected in England by the well-known firm of John Thornton & Co. If all cattle raisers took as great pains as the Messrs. Rocha with the improvement of their cattle breeds, that industry would be most prosperous in Colombia.
of pur extraction,
This farm supplies nearly all the male breeders used in the Savannah of Bogot. The cattle fattened on the qualities are combined with weight. ranch vary in weight between 900 and 1200 kilos, which is the mximum weight that raising. milk produced amounts to 400,000 liters per The can loe obtained in cattle
The milk-giving
year.
The farm abounds with trees, which, besldes embellishing it, are of great valu The drives have an aggregate length of 12 kilometers. The farm is surrounded by hills and traversed by the Bogot and Balsillas rivers. The surrounding dikes, planted with very high trees, mostly eucalyptus, present a
for building purposes.
The grass used in the pasture fields is varied and nutritious. It includes rye, brome, natural and several other varietiea, all of excellent quality and very well adapted to
cattle raising.
presenta un aspecto agradable a los ojos del viajero observador. Los pastos de sus dehesas son variados y muy nutritivos, tales como carretn, ryegrass, bromo, grama, y muchos otros; a la excelencia de stos se debe el desarrollo y fecundidad del ganado que all se cra. El sistema de irrigacin es perfecto; puede la tierra ser regada en cualquier poca En poca de lluvia se desaguan sus terrenos del ao, y en la cantidad que se desee. por medio de una poderosa bomba movida por vapor. Los establos para los reproductores son capaces, bien ventilados, y el cuido dado a los animales que los ocupan es igual al de los mejores establecimientos europeos. All se cultiva alguna extensin de papa, maz y cereales, todo con mtodos modernos; la maquinaria empleada es igualmente moderna y muy completa. Su casa de habitacin es muy amplia y rene todas las comodidades apetecibles e higinicas. Est rodeada de esplndidos jardines y de frondosos rboles, presentando
el
The system
of irrigation is perfect.
The fields may be irrigated any season of During the rainy season, they are drained by
The stables for the breeders are large and well ventilated. The animis are treated according to the best methods used in European establishments. Potatoes, corn, and cercis are raised to a certain extent. The machinery used is all modern and very complete.
is
The dwelling house of the farm is very spacious, comfortable and sanitary. I surrounded by beautiful gardens and magnificent trees, which give it a_most picappearance.
Telegraph: Rochador.
P. O. address: Apartado 107.
turesque
ms
astradable espectculo.
Direccin telegrfica:
Rochador.
Apartado
N.'^
107.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombla.
380
PEDRO
A.
LPEZ &
ClA.
Exportadores, Importadores,
EXPORTERS, ImPORTERS
Banqueros
Bankers
Bogot, Honda,
Bogot, Honda,
Medelln, Girardot
Medelln, Girardot
Fundada en
Casa
1889.
Firm founded
in
1889.
principal:
Bogot,
relacionada
con
Ca.,
Lpez,
Barran-
Pumarejo
quilla.
&
& Co.
of Barranquilla.
Corresponsales: Guaran-
Business
the
done
through
ty Trust
Company, Nueva
Equitable
foUowing
:
institutions
York;
Trust
and firms
Guaran ty Trust
Company,
Lazard
Nueva
York;
Company,
New
York;
Brothers
&
Co.,
&
ers
Lazard Broth-
London; Swiss
Pars;
MaUet
Frres
London
La-
&
Ci., Pars;
Banco HisBarcelo-
& &
Ci., Paris;
pano-Americano,
na;
Mallet Frres
Ci., Paris;
Banco de Barcelona,
Banco Hispano-Americano,
Barcelona; Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona;
Banca
Ita-
liana
di
Sconto,
Miln;
381
FRANCISCO CALLAMAND
El seor Francisco Callamand, de nacionalidad francesa,
birth,
came
vino a Colombia en
el
ao de 1890 y
en
estableci
una casa de
a
cueros,
Colombia
in
comercio
la
exportadora
Bucaramanga,
del
pas,
dedicndose
exportacin
de
artculos
tales
como
home
Later, in 1894, he
came
to Bogot
and established
his
Ms
tarde, en
el
since
all
al
pean
firms,
from France.
novelties, such as shoes, gowns,
Francia.
His specialty
tales
is
ladies'
como
materials of
all
classes,
etc.;
everything
first
quality.
He
keeps
gneros
de todas
clases,
etc.;
todo de
primera calidad.
artculos para
especially
He
hombres y
ropa
interior.
En
His store
la
is
is
the
the
2?-
Calle
lo
Real,
que
es
commercial center
Bogot,
of
y por
tanto una de
most frequented.
Telegraph
Callamand.
las
ms
concurridas.
:
Bogot, Colombia
Bogot, Colombia
382
A.
Esta fu fundada en el ao de 1859. ocupa de la importacin de mercancas de lujo Importa, sobre todo, merpara hombres, seoras y nios.
JOUVE
The
firm of A. Jouve
La casa A. Jouve
was founded
children,
1859.
It
imports
specialty
casa se
women and
making a
It also deals in
fancy religious
religiosos
pas,
articles,
as hides, coffee,
rubber, etc.
Su especialidad consiste en calzado y sombreros para hombre. nicos agentes del Histogenol Naline. Calle 12 N." 157 y 157 A. Apartado de correos N." 40
Telfono N." 43.
157 ]2th
Street,
Bogot, Colombia
Telephone
Bogot, Colombia
4-^-
383
Tamayo
&
Fonnegra.
Direccin
telegrfica,
Carlos Fonnegra.
Tamayodent.
Cdigo usago:
Ldeber.
Bogot, Colombia.
Tamayo y don
States.
They keep
Esta casa importa artculos dentales de las principales fbricas los Estados Unidos y Europa, y tiene permanentemente en Bogot el surtido ms completo y la mayor cantidad de artculos dentales modernos que existe en Colombia.
de
organizado un ramo especial de dentrficos, cepillos para dientes, perfumera y artculos de tocador.
modern dental
brushes,
perfumes,
and toUet
articles.
Ha
repubUc.
Articles not satis-
La
los
casa atiende a
le
pedidos que se
hacen
factory to buyer
may
constante-
mente de los diversos puntos de todo el pas, para el despacho de los cuales cuenta departamento con muy bien servido. Se acepta la devolucin de los artculos que
no satisfagan
al
be returned, provided
this
is
done within
reasonable time.
The
just
in
offices
occu-
been
enlarged,
exhibit of
order to
large
coma
chairs
number
and
other fur-
tunamente.
El local que ocupa este Depsito Dental acaba de ser ensanchado notablemente
paratus, etc.,
all
of
of experts,
and
this insures
good
Owing
its
to
the extent of
ness,
offer
prices.
busi-
the
firm
can
muy
prctico,
lo
most reasonable
S. S.
Esta firma vende por mayor y menor, y debido a la cuanta de sus ventas puede ofrecer los precios ms favorables para los compradores. Son agentes de The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co., de Fadelfia; Claudius Ash, Sons & Co. Ltd., de Londres, y de muchas otras importantes casas americanas y europeas.
Lleva correspondencia en castellano e de publicidad.
ingls.
le
many
The
organ.
P. O. address:
servir de rgano
Telegraph' Tamayodent.
Bogot, Colombia.
384
el
confort
home
It is
comforts.
Special
cristalera. la capital
glassware department.
cial
Es una de
de la
la
comercio de
can fancy
articles
americanas, de elegancia
xito.
y de
lujo,
con mejor
shown by the
a great
La prueba
many
the
years kept
reputation as a concern of
en primera
rank.
lnea.
La
alta escala de
sus importaciones,
por
The
el
strong capital
by which
it
is
backed, as
it
serio capital
la casa, le
imports
to comprices.
permite aunar
la
comodidp,d de sus
artculos,
goods,
make
it
rm
precios
selecta
cahdad de sus
bine
excellent
quality
with
reasonable
como que
fu la primera preocupacin
the
original
intention
of
its
de sus fundadores.
Todo
hules
lo necesario
is
y alfombras para
espejos,
hasta las
etc.,
ms
finas
keeping, from
vajillas,
oil
cloth
muebles,
se
encuentra
silver
en dicha casa.
Calle Real N."' 536,
638
D.
P.
638
Calle
Real;
Street.
Calle 14 N."' 70 C, 70
70 C, 70
ll.th
Telfonos
N." 205 y
254.
96.
Apartado de correo N.
Por
telgrafo:
Cubillos.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia
385
The
by
public deed of
by
el
donde hoy
est,
desde
el
ao de 1871, con
el
mismo nombre de
lugar
fuertes de
who
on the
site it
now
occupies,
ms
the
ame
of Jorge
Vergara P.
The present
which
is
Bogot, y que tiene dos almacenes en el centro de la ciudad, uno de los cuales es propio, es importadora en grande escala
de toda
clase
them being
all
their
own
de artculos de ferretera,
principalmente
kinds of hardware,
and machinists'
Store:
tools.
218 12th
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
Almacn de
la Calle
12 Twelfth
Street Store
^MffiHy
mm
Almacn de
la Calle 11
Eleventh
Street Store
386
los seores
Garzn Hermanos
in 1903.
Complete
ao de 1903.
Tiene buenas cantidades de cada una de las clases de sona-
el
pas
los
despacha a cualquier
Calle 11
{de
parte del
Calle 11
mundo.
{de
San Miguel) N.
256, Bogot,
Colombia.
P. O. address:
Apartado 645.
Cable: Euzon.
387
a.
ariza
A. Ariza, actual director propietario. desde el ms senciUo Ejectuta todo gnero de trabajos fotogrficos, garanta. hasta el ms compUcado, dando absoluta cualesqmera AmpUaciones de msuperable beUeza artstica y de
acuarela, leo, etc. dimensiones, en tono negro, sepia, pastel,
This studio, the most artistio and luxurious n the city, is situated on the Avenue of the Republic and is the best patronized in Bogot. It was founded in 1905 by Mr. Aristides A. Ariza, who is at present its owner and director. AU kinds of photographic work, from the simplest to the most Beautiful artistic enlargements elabrate, done and guaranteed. of any dimensions finished in crayon, pastel, water colors, oil, etc.
Samples sent
free of charge
para cigarrillos en asuntos nacionales de verdadero inters. Muestrario gratis para fabricantes de cigarrillos nicamente. Souvenirs y artculos de reclamo, en forma de espejitos de bolsillo o con
to cigarette makers.
advertising pictures
Souvenirs and
Complete
set
of
samples sent to
mango,
papeles,
cigarrilleras,
fosforeras,
pisa-
monetarios,
chatelettes,
bo-
Muestrario completo para comerciantes y manufactureros, al recibo de $2 oro para gastos de expeditones, etc.
and
soci-
with
whatever
Write for
designs
and
Gold
legends
may be
and durable.
jewels
pidan,
muy
artsticas e indestructibles.
Pdanse precios. Joyas de oro con retratos para seoras y caballeros; tambin en estilo de oro enchapado, doubl, a precios bajos por mayor. Tarjetas postales artsticas con estrofas ilustradas, notabilidades colombianas, vistas, retratos de mujeres
hermosas, parejas, nios, fotoeseultuMuestrario con 100 modelos ras, etc. diferentes, al recibo de $4 oro. Aparatos y materiales para fotografa. Surtido completo. Agentes exclusivos de la Ansco Co., de Nueva Yorlc, fabricantes del insuperable papel Cyko y otros productos. Catlogos y listas de precios gratis, a quien los pida mencionando el Libro
Azul.
etc.
Lowest wholesale
prices.
beautiful
women,
couples,
chdren, etc.
Complete
$4.00.
set of
100
on receipt of
Complete assortment.
of New York, makers of famous Cyko paper and other
Company
the
articles.
Catalogues
and
price
lists
sent
who wl
write for
Clave Liber.
Bogot, Colombia.
388
SAMPER MATIZ
Papelera y Tipografa
^Ttpographic
La
casa lleva
el
nombre de su fundador,
ao de 1886,
el
This house
is
named
It
is
Funla
looated on Second Calle Real, under the Bazar Veracruz. It was founded
es la
ms importante de
by that gentleman
in 1886.
It
is
y comprende
los siguientes
encuademacin,
Papelera.
las oficinas.
relieves,
Tipografa.
este
la
mayor
atencin,
Typographic Work.
this
The
it
para
lo cual
elementos necesarios.
los
Encuademacin.
europeos.
Relieves.
mejores
elements.
Book Binding.
la repblica
como
insuperables.
well
known throughout
Libros de Contabilidad.
La mejor
sus
The
best factory of
its
kind.
weU
389
feeltngs of
fem-
Ha
pasado por
all
envy
in
many
fiebre
de
caricia.
Ha
de
las
ms
bellas, celajes
on
its
pages,
and given
Acevedo Bernal
&
Gonzlez ha reella
Happy BooK
of beauty
indeed!
Ere long
bear on
its
ms
feliz,
para
on
whom
damas vencedoras en
el
And
Bernal
yet, happier
Book
is
&
Gonzlez; for
el
and
it
of Ricardo
y estrecho abrazo, a las bellas que el jurado del concui'so juzg ms beUas. Y aunque all faltan muchas, pero muchas quin
.
M.
fuera
el
Libro Azul!
el
constant study and labor, have risen to the highest rank in the artistic
world, gave the finishing touohes to the photographer's work, lest
it
mago
y ocho
It
o diez de estudio en Europa, sabe con tanta sabidura infundir akna y vida a los retratos que hace. El objetivo para Gonzlez apenas si es
was Gonzlez's
with the
lecting,
artistic instinct
un medio de tomar
nete.
la
imagen.
El retrato
fra, sale
lo
hace
l,
l solo
en su gabi-
the poses that would show the features of these ladies to their best advantage.
lo
que
all
entr placa
la
He
Uena
mirada de luz y
rebosante de
pared, which
desired, either
ahna.
now appear
in the
Blue Book,
leave nothing to be
modo
intrinsic
beauty of the
work.
corazn.
ladies portrayed, or
artist's
390
Bogot, Colombia.
P. O. address: Carrera
provilegio
Con patente y
Su
concedido por
el
gobierno nacional.
epitehomas, sarcomas,
external
tumors, and
all
They have an immense nimiber of testimoniis from honorable persons throughout the republic, who have been cured by them. All treatment is given personally, by previous arrangements, and
so
it is
Testimonials
"The
certifies
"That he was treated by Mrs. Mara Antonia de Snchez with her specific El Gran Secbeto, for a vascular tumor at the root of the
right nostril,
bad
ulcers
other
191.5.
"The undersigned
suffering
from an epitheKoma on the eyelid of the right eye, he consulted two physicians, both of whom advised him not to use any applications that might cause irritation, and especially not to undergo a
surgical operation,
who
stated he
effected
month and a
half the
quistes, sin
emplear
Poseen un sin nmero de certifcados e.xpedidos por personas honorables de toda la repblica, que atestiguan la curacin.
y previo
distinta.
arreglo,
razn por
la cual es intil
paciente mediante
un
arreglo.
:
Certificados
"El
infrascrito,
mdico de
la
la
Universidad Nacional,
certifica:
El Gran Secreto, en
das,
en
muy
pocos
la
menor
la
mortificacin.
"Certifica tambin, que tiene conocimiento de de mal carcter, verificadas en otras personas.
curacin de lceras
"El
sufrido
infrascrito
tiene
mucho gusto on
certificar
que:
habiendo
un epitehoma sobre el prpado del ojo derecho, consult con dos mdicos y ambos le aconsejaron que no se hiciera aplicaciones que pudieran causar irritacin, y menos hacer operacin quirrgica
porque podra reproducirse con ms fuerza; posteriormente, por consejo
del doctor Zoilo Cullar,
quien
le
sorprendentes con
El Gran Secreto,
le aplic el
cicatriz,
Thi.s
hajipened a year
and a
half ago,
ha transcm'rido, no
ha reproducido.
"Bogot, September
"(Signed)
1916..
391
LUIS
TAVERA
G.
&
HERMANOLUIS TAVERA
Bogot, Colombia
G.
& BROTHER
Estudios es-
Dental surgeons.
ern odontology
Twelve
in
yeara' practice.
Pars, Spain,
Speoial studies in
modOffice
moderna en Londres,
Pars,
Espaa y Nueva
made
This
London,
and
New
York.
Gabinete electro-dental provisto de los ltimos elementos para con xito, rapidez y garanta. Nuestro gabinete est a la altura de los ms reputados de Europa y Estados^Unidos, y es el primero de su gnero que se introdujo a Colombia. Anualmente concurre imo de sus socios a las clnicas de Filadelfia a estudiar los ltimos
ejercer la profesin
office is
up to the best
in
first of its
One
of
the partners goes every year to Philadelphia to study the latest improve-
adelantos.
ments.
392
01'
COLOMBIA
FERNANDO CORTS
Gabinete Dental
El doctor Fernando Corts
el
S.
Dental
Parlors
made
his studies of literature at the College
S.
Colegio
them
in 1901.
In 1902 he entered
en 1902 ingres a
el
la
Facultad
May,
1905.
Dental, obteniendo, en
lo cual present
mayo de
1905,
As
his
como
tesis
de grado un interesante
estudio
sobre Necrosis
de los maxilares.
En
ese
dental
office,
mismo ao
principio
un
fu
muy
hoy uno de
al cual
de odontologa
its clients
a large
la aristocracia
bogotana
number
has
Dr. Corts
made
corona.
En
1909 fu llamado
In 1909 he was
of
fesorado
clnicas,
en
la
Facultad Dental,
como
jefe
de
the
Dental School,
the faculty
director
of
clinic,
a position which he
for
prize,
some
time.
En
1910 obtuvo,
en
la
Exposicin Nacional, el
primer
premio
honor
en
medalla
lo
In
1910,
he obtained the
consisting
de
oro
y diploma de
of a gold
nombrados, para
im trabajo de
puente de 14 piezas y varios dientes de pvot, trabajos en los cuales exhiba innovaciones y modificaciones de su invencin.
noted dentists, having presented a 14-piece bridgework, and several pivot teeth, both of which had
bj'
himself.
En
member
of the
Colombian Denta^
Doctors Sebastin
S.,
lombiana, y en
rrasqula,
tituir el
los
doctores
Cacons-
and
in
1914
he was appointed,
with
M artnez
para
Carrasquilla,
comit de organizacin
member
of a
organization in
del
Panam
Dental Con-
gress en
Colombia.
hoy
se
con
instrumental
equipped
appliin
moderno,
de
manera
los
lti-
with
ances.
modern
electrical
is
que
all
emplean
The work
done
mos
de
procedimientos
de
la
odontologa,
se trabaja siempre
acuerdo
con
los
ltimos
El
el ingls
lan-
traduce
'
importantes
from leading
foreign reviews.
Calle S",
Bogot,
Colombia.
Calle 3",
BoGOT.,
Colombia.
393
XIII)
The Salesian. College was founded in 1890. The Colombian government had earnestly requested its foundation of the Rev. J. Bosco,
through the worthy mediation of its minister at the Holy See, General Joaqun F. Vlez; and his HoUness Leo XIII ordered the high rector of the pious Salesian Society, the Rev. Father Miguel Ra, to send
the Salesians to Colombia.
Pa Sociedad Salesiana, R. P. Miguel Ra, enviara los insigne mediaSalesianos a Colombia; por lo cual, y en memoria de tan XIII. esta casa tom el nombre glorioso de Colegio de Len
mayor de
dor,
la
For
this reason,
and
in
honor of so
illus-
ame
of College
of
Leo XIII.
Object of the Institution.
Este Colegio
se
la
divide
seccin
en
de
dos
los
This institution
is
completamente distintas y separadas: alumnos de artes y oficios, que es la principal, por haber sido la enzeanza
de
las artes el fin
different
The
prin-
and
tuto,
la
seccin
the institution.
The other
section
is
diantes.
En cuanto
por
todos
The
medios
que
first
section,
by
all
pedagogics,
as well
moral
and
religious
as technical,
industria!
and
obrero; de
modo
que, despus de
cum-
artistic
ing
man ought
have,
so
that,
may
As
lo
que hace a
los
segundos,
with oredit.
una
slida
y completa educacin
y
literaria,
religiosa,
a substantial
scientific
cientfica
de manara que
ms
and thorough religious, and literary education, preparing them to enter any of the advanced
institutions.
The
work
La Escuela Salesiana
fundicin de
se encarga de
la
encua-
making,
ing,
shoe
mak-
ebanistera,
sastrera,
ialabartera,
book making,
zapaterin y librera.
Carrera
5.",
Bogot, Colombia.
Telegraph: Salesi.\nos.
Telephone: 388.
Imprenta
Printery
Taller
Shop
394
Taller Shop
rt' \\\
I i
Patio de entrada
First
Court
En
la
de octubre de 1605 y lo en'^'E'u'mo seor Bartolom Lobo Guerrero lo fund el 18 quienes amaba entraablemente, fu su tree a los P P. de la Compaia de Jess, a en las tareas de la ensecompaeros por tuvo Funes de y Martin P. el rector nrimer y .losDadey. Desde ese UosP. P. .Juan Bautista Calinucci, Bartolom Rojas educacin bajo la direccin plantel de acreditado este permaneci 1767 el de ao Hasta palabras
ad"
ya enldnces era, .segn de los hijos de la Campaa de Jess. Al colegio, que unise la Universidad de erudito escritor, "preciosa cuna de las letras colombiana.s," marcho en primera fila entre entonces Javeriana, fundada el 13 de junio de 162.3; desde coloniales. tiempos de los educacionistas los centros r; de ^ ban on Rnr BarColegio Formados los jesutas que venan a desempear las ctedras del fcil comprender con cuanto tolom en las ms ilustres universidades de Europa, es cuan entonces, modernos ms mtodos y empei se esforzaran por implantar en l los aquella juventud de corazn grandes serian los adelantos cientficos y litenanos de toda la Nueva *Et?.to?dteootSijos"de San Ignacio de difundir la verdad por el ano de ll, en Granada, fueron los primeros en introducir la imprenta en Santa Fe, el archivo del Lolegio, reposan en que documentos consta en segn nadie, V antes que entonces desde cmo ya explica se establecieron una ctedra formal de medicina. Asi los alumnos ms aventajados del virreinalos bartolinos coloniales podan competir con en el eclesistico, en el civil gobierno en el y to, y por qu ocuparon lugar distinguido artes. foro V en la milicia, en la industria y en las bellas ^ j por orden ^a Granada Nueva toda la En el ao de 1767 los jesutas son extraados de el histrico edificio a manos arbitraria de Carlos III, y desde entonces hasta 1844 pasa cual para el enseanza la objeto de seculares; sin que por ello se le hubiera sacado del le haba levantado su ilustre fundador. i^ morar vuelto a fecha, han hasta la Desde 1844 hasta 1850, desde el 58 al 61 y del 87 los hijos de la Conipana de en l como educadores de la noble juventud colombiana, la colonia, ha seguido siendo Jess; y en los tiempos de la repblica, como en los de varones. esclarecidos de cuna ilustre ,. la formacin moral y Objeto de muy diversas y aun contrarias opiniones ha sido Para Bartolom San de claustros gloriosos los en recibe juventud la literaria que siemllevado han bartohnos los sectaria, los crticos despojados de toda preocupacin e inquebrantable, firmeza de (carcter sello caracterstico en sus almas,
, i
,
..
in the y' Bogot risethethreeOn the south comer of Constitution Square, inany worthy Colombians have Been century-old walls of this college, where so Bishop Bartolom Lobo Guerrero, who placed '""t ws founded October 18, 1605, by of Jess, .h">^he loved mo t dear^y it The hands of the fathers of the Company whose "^. Its first rector was Father Martn de Funes, fj'i'^7"''g^^d'^'*'V'M^ ^^fRojas, and Jos^Uack y, ^rom Bartolom Calinucci, ulty, were Fathers Juan Bautista the direction of the sons ol tne i_.om that vear to 1769 the institut on remamcd under already become, as a had year latter the in which nanv oriesus Wih the college, Colombian etters " w|B 'ncorporated he feared w'rTter'says 'the precios eradle of J"""^,};'' founded 1*3^ hince then tne University), Universidad Javeriana (Xaverian
"
-^^.^^irSt'^I.^i^o^^fiS^^t'^Jg
intelligent students of that tropical regin
made
knowledge of truth throughout ^"Xhe'sons of St. Ignatius, being eager to spread.the Santa Fe, which th^y ^id n 1738. New Granada, were the first to introduce printing the ,9^,^.'^' Xnts Th^y wire aLo the first, as attested by documents in ''^'^''"f
and military
professions, in industry,
and
sSSSSS t^^^-fe^^'led ^^
t^rI^'th^\rcI^Jttr.,Tu^?i g lo^^^
New Granada, by an arbitrary "'Tn'7fi7he Tesuits were expelled from the whole of ay manageFrom that year until 1844 the college was under order of Charies III work to which its illustnous founder ment, without however, failing to continu the had dedicated it present time, the sons of the Comgiven at San Bartolom has been '"The1h*ar"aS''of the moral and literary instruetion
pre como vivas autnticas del Colegio cario a sus maestros y slida instruccin. Si las glorias seculares, para que en ellos vide San Bartolom hubieran de grabarse en sus muros tan amplios, resultarian penieran a leer su historia las generaciones futuras, con ser aulas hicieron acopio queos para dar cabida a tantos y tan preclaros varones En esas colonia, que con 'a pluma de ciencia y de virtud muchas generaciones del tiempo de la las letras castellanas, a lustre esplendor dieron y patria su y ilustraron a y la palabra generosos centenares en ese palenque de herosmo templaron los aceros de sus almas
WMmmmmm
Cd<r..
Niui.mnt
rf
Un fturMfn!.
BOGOT
l".
COMEDOR OE LA
DIVISIN
Un
comedor
Dining
Room
395
En
la
actualidad
los
acuden todos
llegan las permitiera.
el edificio de San Bartolom, despus de tres siglos de existencia, y no alcanza a contener a los muchsimos alumnos que a l aos en busca de slida instruccin. En el presente ao de 1917 matrculas a 670, y a un millar hubieran llegado si la amplitud del local lo
las afueras de la ciudad han levantado un colegio anexo, La Merced, y en l jardines, bosques, campo de football, y cuanto puede ayudar al desarrollo han formado una bibUoteca con ms de 5,000 volmenes, un museo juventud; de la bastante completo para los estudios de zoologa, botnica, mineraloga, paleontologa humana. Se ha puesto laboratorio qumico, y hasta tal punto se ha auanatoma y mentado, con aparatos modernos, el gabinete de fsica, que puede asegurarse que es repblica. la mejor de el
En
han puesto
Con
las glorias
con mayor nmero de alumnos en toda no.cede el primer lugar a ningn otro de
los
P. de la Compaa de Jess, que ha cosechado podra ufanarse cualque cuenta de estudios institutos similares de la Amrica Latina.
Casabianca said: "In all my long military experience I have never seen young better adapted to mitary service than those educated at the College of San Bartolom. The reason is that they are strengthened by faith, encouraged by hope, and kept in the vigor of youth by the purity of their ways and customs." Today the San Bartolom building, already three centuries old,'is wnthout material beauty; or is it large enough to hold the many students that every year go there in In 1917, there were 670 enrolments, and there search of substantial instruction. would have been 1000 had there been sufiBcient room. An extensin of the college has been founded in the outskirts of the city. It is called La Merced, and is surrounded by gardens, groves, football grounds, and supplied with all conveniences for physical culture. It contains a 5000-volume hbrary; a fairly complete museum for the study of zoology, botany, mineralogy, paleontology, and human anatomy; a chemical laboratory; and a physical laboratory so well equipped T\'ith modem apparatus that it may be considered the best in the republic. Sutnming up, the College of San Bartolom, managed by the fathers of the Society of Jess, has been in existence for three centuries. Any European university might weli be proud of the glory that college has achieved. It is at present the college having the largest number of secondary-instruction students in Colombia; and, as regards the range and thoroughness of its instruction, it is second to no other institution of its kind in Latin America.
eral
mn
r.
S:ii Burt!^/.:
BOGOT
'"LA
RAL DE LA~vlUIHTA
MERCED"
Museo de
historia natural
Museuai
of
Xatural History
Quinta La
Merced La Merced
Villa
Jefe
de
la
guarnicin
del
importante
puerto de
los
Tumaco en
1916.
Empez
su
Commander of the important garrison of the port of Tumaco in 1916. He began his military career when 13 years of age, at the time of the secession of Panam, and has
risen graduaUy, after
studies at the
won
the
first
de
tiro.
Ha
has been a garrison officer at several important cities, such as Medelln and
mayor
general,
donde
Buearamanga, and the creditable manner in which he acquitted himself led to his
being
transferred
to
the
general
staff,
En la Escuela Superior de Guerra alcanz los dos primeros premios anuales en los cursos consecutivos de aplicacin y de estado mayor. Ha desempeado tambin el puesto de
de planta de la Escuela Militar y segundo director de la Escuela de Suboficiales. El capitn Quijano es considerado
oficial
where he also distinguished himself. At the High War School he won prize for his general military and
work.
first
staff
He has been an officer at the Military School and assistant director of the School Captain Quijano for Subaltern Officers.
s
considered by mihtary experts as one of the greatest hopes of the Colombian army.
396
los
Su imponente fachada domina la ciudad y la extensa y magnifica sabana de Bogot. Grandioso es el espectculo que la vista descubre en las maanas de verano, cuando el sol, asomando resplandeciente encima de los empinados montes que se elevan airosos al oriente de la ciudad, extiende sus llamas de prpura sobre un horizonte inmenso que limitan a 200 kilmetros, en lontananza, cuatro nevados tropicales que fulguran con los rayos del astro naciente. El edificio, construido en las afueras de la, ciudad, y rodeado de parques y bosquecillos, rene condiciones higinicas inmejorables. Dos filas de corredores rodean el interior del edificio; los salones, grandes y espaciosos, rebozan de aire y de luz; en el piso bajo estn los tres comedores, el saln de actos y los baos. Las cocinas quedan completamente separadas del edi
ficio
Salle Instituto of Bogot, directed by the School Christian Brothers, is on the western slope of the picturesque peak of Guadalupe. Its imposing fagade dominates the city and the vast and magnificent Savanna of Bogot. The view from there on summer mornings, when the sun rises over the steep mountains lying on the east of the city, is a truly grand spectacle. From there one can see 200 kilometers away, and in the distance, blazing
The La
built
snow-capped peaks.
is
The
building, which
its
There are two rows of corridors running around the interior of the building; the rooms are very spacious,
and airy. On the main floor are located the dining rooms, state hall, and bath rooms. The kitchens are entirely
light
main
building,
The
principal.
OBJETO.
El
fin
de este instituto
es
impartir a la juventud colombiana una educacin moral, cristiana, y una enseanza esmerada. Para ello el establecimiento posee cuanto es necesario; citemos el gabinete
de
fsica,
el
laboratorio de
Colombian youth Christian moral education and to give good courses of instruction. The institution is equipped with all the necessary eleraents, among which may be mentioned a physical laboratory, a chemical laboratory, a museum of natural history, and a typewriting room, attended by a constantly increasing numto impart to
qiimica,
el
museo de
historia natural
mecanografa
que
recibe
y un saln de cada ao un
la ense-
ber of pupils,
Courses.
The curriculum
for very
includes ele-
mentary subjects
young
pupils;
anza elemental para los estudiantes menores; la comercial, que se dirige a la obtencin del diploma comercial, aprobado por el gobierno, y la superior, que se cierra por uno de los dos bacI^iiUeratos, en enseanza secundaria moderna y en filosofa y letras, que valen para entrar en la Universidad Nacional, en virtud de las resoluciones nmero 167 de 1909 y nmero 23 de 1916, respectivamente, dadas por el ministerio de instruccin pblica.
Museo
Museum
commercial instruction, leading to a diploma recognized by the government; and higher courses on advanced subjects, including philosophy and literature, the students of which are allowed to enter the National University, according to resolutions 167 of 1909, and 23 of 1916, issued by the Ministry of Public
Instruction.
"The
first
se debiera hacer con los Hermanos sera estudiar sus mtodos. Somos libres de tener, desde el punto de vista religioso, opiniones diferentes de las suyas; mas debemos procurar adquirir suficiente independencia de espritu para
reconocer su superioridad, sobre todo cuando es tan manifiestamente aplastante." (Doctor Gustavo Lebn, director de la BibUoteca de Filosofa Cientfica.) "A no dudarlo, ese M. de la Salle es el primer pedagogo del mundo." (Eduardo VII, rey de Inglaterra. Su opinin sobre la exposicin escolar de Londres).
"Without doubt, that Mr. La Salle is the best pedagogue in the world." (Edward VIL, King of England, expressing his opinin about a London school
exhibition.)
B. de la Salle es la constitucin de la enseanza moderna, las escuelas normales. Sus discpulos han sabido las universidades populares, acomodarse a los cambios verificados en la sociedad: son antiguous y son modernos; son del siglo de Luis XIV y son del nuestro. Han precedido en la va del progreso a los que se tienen por los precursores y los nuncios del siglo XX." (Brunetire, de
la
Academia Francesa.)
"We owe to Mr. Juan B. de La Salle the organization of modern education, of popular universities, and normal schools. His pupils have learned to adapt themselves to social changes; they are ancient and modern; they belong to the century of Louis XIV and to our own century. They have preceded on the road of progress those that claim to be forerunners and leaders of the twentieth century." (Brunetire, f the French Academy.)
397
M. &
Co.
store.
Large stationery
de escritorio.
f-
Gran almacn de
papelera
tiles
Typographic work, photo engraving, binding, manufacture o blank books, pasteboard boxes and rubber stamps.
Talleres de tipografa,
fotograbado,
encuademacin,
cajas de cartn
y de
sellos
de
Publishers
and owners
of
El
Grfico,
an
illustrated weekly.
caucho.
Editores propietarios de El Grfico, semanario ilustrado.
The
firm of A. Corts
established
its
in 1904
on a very modest
it
La
en
casa A. Corts
M. &
Ca.
fu establecida en
1904
foundation
muy
modestas propor-
ciones;
high quality of
It developed
work.
cin
ha gozado
very rapidly,
pblico por
cumde
and today
it
occupies a very
plimiento
la correccin
high position.
los trabajos
ella
encomenrpial
dados.
Desarrollse
damente hasta
llegar
obtained
first-class
medal,
its
in
En
trial
la
Exposicin Indus-
recognition
artistic
Nacional del
Cente-
nario, 1910,
obtuvo diploma
oro
de honor
y medalla de
At present
and
a
large
it
has two
y comer-
typographic
photo
La
done,
hlank
and
are
paste-
de papelera
escritorio
tiles
de
board
made.
a
extensos talleres
Before long
will start
de tipografa, fotograbado,
lithographic plant.
encuademacin, fbrica de
sellos
de caucho, de libros y
cuadernos en blanco y de
cajas de cartn.
Prximaexlito-
an
illustrated
instalacin
de
En
1910
emprendi
ilustrado
la
publicacin
de
gran
EL
Grfico,
semanario
que
goza
de
popularidad
en todo
aos
de
el
pas
no
los
its
contributors
some
of the best
for
its
the republic,
of its articles
the
illus-
colaboran
ms
notables
la
escritores
del
pas
se
ha
timeliness
trations.
and the
extensive
neatness
circulation
of
Owing
it
to
is
its
throughout
in
la nitidez
El Grfico
the republic,
bia.
mdium
Colom-
es,
repblicaij el
Colombia.
BOGOT, Colombia
398
Founded
Part of
in 1910
Se dedica a
la edicin
de
libros, folletos,
lardo Arboleda.
its
from
la
suma de
el
the Augusta Society of Turin, Italy, and the rest has been
Ijought
el
resto
socio
Sus papeles
la casa
Com-
y sus
tintas,
los
compra a
pany
of Cromos,
an illustrated
Arboleda
lencia
tarios
&
Va-
weekly
review,
in-
son propie-
which contains
teresting articles
de
Cromos,
on
current topics.
The Information
given by this review
is
contienen
intere-
santes artculos de
actualidad.
of
the
best,
it
La
in-
formacin
grfica
la
respondents
United States,
furnish
all
in
de Cromos est a
altura de la de las
grandes
pues en
lo
revistas,
concer-
tant foreign
The main
article
is
editorial
universales
est
always
written
by a Colom-
ponsales en Europa
y Estados Unidos.
El primer artculo
lo
The
con-
on
literary
escribe siempre
criticism
are
una persona de gran posicin poltica de Coloml)ia. Los artculos de crtica literaria estn encomendados a los mejores literatos nacionales y extranj eros. La seccin de modas, a cargo
de una distinguida modista parisiense, es lo ms completo, pues
la casa
and foreign
is
literary
men.
dis-
The
section
on
fashions,
which
is
directed
by a
tinguished
Parisian
modiste,
exceedingly
office
complete,
de Cromos en Pars enva semanalmente fotografas de las ltimas creaciones, y son publicadas en Bogot un mes antes de llegar las revistas extranjeras de modas.
pubweek photographs lished in Bogot a month'before the arrival of the foreign The fashion reviews containing the same illustrations.
creations; they are
las firmas
ms
clebres
de Europa
y Amrica.
artistas
La parte
is
written
by some
of the
most
writers.
The
art
work
nacionales.
oficina en
Pars,
56 Faubourg
in the
artists.
dirigida
The
and
is
Paris office of
at 56
Faubourg Poissonnire,
mismo tiempo es el corresponsal en Francia. Hay adems corresponsales y agentes de esta revista en Londres, Barcelona, Nueva York, Nueva Orlens y en todas las capitales
de
la
managed by one
and
of the
also its
correspondent in France.
agents
in
also
correspondents
London,
New
Amrica Latina.
talleres grficos
York,
New
Orleans,
and
all
Los
ms
grandes de
al pas
The Cromos
and was the
for
its
printing house
first to
suscriptores
los
ochocientos
Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
399
Bogot, Colombla..
GTL BLAS
OBRA HUMANA
fasERA
mmmm
LA,l;L^-_.
400
'EL
Diario de la tarde, de extensa circulacin.
DIARIO NACIONAL"
Se publica
Evening
newspaper,
having
an
extensivo
circulation.
Olaya Herrera.
talleres:
Carrera
8.=^
N.^ 169
173.
Office
8a.
Direccin telegrfica
y por
cable: Nacional.
Es
el
diario
the
first
mquina
rotativa.
y doce
y
pginas.
machines.
Eight-, ten-
and twelve-page
editions.
Ilustraciones
de
sucesos
nacionales
extranjeros
lUustrations of national
events.
Select news.
and
de mayor importancia.
El Diario Nacional
Dcclcr Zmlc Ciillar
oras pura lagnatra
raiidon
Jl
WthiQeton 7
-
lo
Jin en et Bif B
*'""
"'"
'" "''"'"Unij
-1-
%-B'jir''
'"^ **'^
""^
il^frKVH H>]uil>
Trcici
'
o..
MK
ttSItfl^
hM
od
401
"EL TIEMPO"
Diario de la maana, fundado en enero de 1911. Director propietario, doctor Eduardo Santos.
Se edita en Bogot y es uno de los diarios de ms circulaGeneralmente se le considera como cin en todo el pas.
Morning newspaper founded in 1911. Director and proprietor: Dr. Eduardo Santos. having It is printed in Bogot, and is one of the dailies
the largest circulation in the republic.
It
is
considered
EL TIEMPO
fi
RflmlnlMoftor:
f ato
RESTWepQ
Mrn.ro 2Q00
'
'j
i.mt
uin(!i:i\i.
rfi'-.;;.!'j^
--is-^v/
,m,nnu
f
ormMt
puf nutitia
peridico de gran respetabilidad y seriedad, y se distingue Defiende una poltica por lo completo de su informacin. fundacin al partido su est afiliado desde progresista
and
is
republicano.
Es una empresa en plena prosperidad, que cuenta con imprenta propia y con servicios especiales de
informacin cablegrfica. Oficinas y talleres: Carrera
advocates progressive politics, and since has supported the republican party. has
its
It
own
service.
7." N.<"
678 y 680. Telfonos: Apartado N. 78. 1246. Administracin, Direccin, 398, y Tiempo. Direccin telegrfica:
Office
Telegraph: Tiempo.
BOGOT,
Colombia.
402
BOGOT,
Colombia.
A native of the Department of Valle del Cauca. He made his literary etudies at the Academic CoUege of Cartago, in the same department. In 1883, at the age of 15, he entered the Civil and Military Engineering School, which at that time was directed by General Sergio Camargo, the commandant of the cadetsbeing H. R. Lemly, Captain of Artillery, United States Army. In that institution, cadet Arzays was made second corporal, and later first corporal. The institution having been elosed, and the revolution of
1885 broken out, Corporal Arzays enlisted in the government army, and through a series of gradual promotions, twice received on the battlefield, he has risen to the rank of general of divisin. He made the campaigns of 1885, 1895, and 1899-1903 from their beginning to their end. In these wars he was present at sixteen skirmishes and two battles, sometimes General Arzays has as commander-in-chief, and at other times as a subordnate. oecupied every post in the army, from the lowest to the highest, without skippng
ha ejercido el mando desde la escuadra hasta el ms alto del ejrcito, sin omitir ninguno, y desempeado, asimismo, el puesto de comandante de flotilla de guerra, con la cual libr varios combates. Jams ha sido derrotado.
reforma militar en Colombia, entr en ella con entusiasmo, hasta el que se sent en los bancos de la Escuela Militar para orientarse en la escuela moderna y luego solicit su ingreso a la Escuela Superior de Guerra que se organiz en 1910 y en la cual hizo sus estudios superiores, ya como general de divisin. De all sali, despus de haber obtenido buena calificacin en sus estudios, como jefe del departamento de informaciones del Estado Mayor General, que se organiz en 1911 sobre bases modernas. En 1912 fu promovido al puesto de jefe de estado mayor general del ejrcito, que hoy sirve. El General Arzays, adems de otros puestos que ha desempeado en el ramo civil, tales como el de diputado a la Asamblea de Cundinamarca, ha servido las ctedras de tctica y servicio de estado mayor, en la Escuela Superior de Guerra, y, con destino a la instruccin del ejrcito, ha escrito algunos folletos, tales como Combinaciones sobre la Guerrilla, Gua para las Comisiones receptoras de armamento mayor y menor. Conferencias sobre servicio de Estado Mayor, etc.
any
Al iniciarse
la
punto de
ser el primero
of thcm. He has likewise been commander of the war squadron, with which he gave several battles. He has never been defeated. When the military reform was initiated in Colombia, he supported it very euthusiastically, to sueh an extent that he was the first one to attend the Icssons given al the Military School, in order to post himself about modern methods. Afterwards,
he asked to be adniitted to the High War School, which was organizcd in 1910, and there he made his advanced studies, being already a general of divisin. After ha\'ing passed his examinations with credit, he left and took the position of Cief of the Department of Information of the General Staff, which was organized in 1911 accordIn 1912, he was promoted to the position of chief of the ing to modern methods.
general staff of the army, a position which he still holds. General Arzays, besides several civil positions, such as that of deputy to the Legislaturc of
Cundinamarca, has
filled
and
general-staff service at
has written for the instruction of the army several pamphlets, such as Combi/iations in Guerrilla War/are, A Guide for Committees having chargc of receiving arms, Lectures on General-Staff Service, etc.
the High
Schoul.
War
He
403
This worthy
citizen,
who
6,
1916,
muerto en Bogot
este
el
da 6 de abril de 1916.
Se distingui
of republican
He was
leal
colom-
y de
la integridad
de
la repblica
cuando
de noviemel
Departa-
His ame awakens a feelamong Colombians on account of the ing of gratitude strong defense that he made of the honor and integrity of the republic during the treasonable movement of Novemgentleman, and faithful friend.
mento de Panam.
tingui
No
slo
ber
of
3,
Department
que se
dis-
Panam.
la
multitud desvalida
liberales,
y como entusiasta
las cuales sacrific
de las ideas
civil
por
defender
of
liberal
principies,
for
which
he
su vida en la guerra
de 1903, pues
war
recibi en la batalla de
wound from
aos despus
la
muerte.
generaciones
later.
Las
futuras
Colombia harn
alguna
The
to the
some time do
memory
and
will
of Espinosa the
served,
the
it
man who
when
se enlutaron
was craped
mourning
Panam.
404
joven
el
militar
colombiano,
nacido
en
la
A
in
distinguished
ciudad de Bogot
26 de diciembre de 1890.
el
Bogot December
Liceo Co-
Lyceum
of
Bucaramanga.
En
el
el
el
el
servicio
da 2 de octubre de 1902,
el
20 de noviembre de 1902, y
de capitn
el
2 de enero de 1911.
ao
made a second lieutenant October 2, 1902; a first Ueutenant on November 20, 1902; and a captain on January 2, He made general military studies in 1909, and 1911.
special
staff
de 1909, y
de estado mayor
studies
in
1911.
en 1911.
Adems de
which he made
tion,
with distinc-
desempeado,
cias
Captain
Acevedo stud-
Na-
como alumno
tional University,
and
railroad
During
has
filled
he
cin
make
of
him an
airosamente los siguientes puestos, indicativos de una carrera que no muy tarde culminar
honor to the country and to the army, both of which have great
hopes
to
in
him:
aide-de-camp
garrison
y del ejrcito, que lo cuenta hoy como una de sus ms legtimas esperanzas como
de
la patria
:
the
Bucaramanga
up
to
battalion,
1908; second
nicin en
at the
Military School, in
1911; staff
officer,
1910 and
militar de 1909;
como
oficial
de
being aide-
de-camp
1912;
at that institution, in
of
1910 y 1911; como oficial de estado mayor, ayudante del jefe de ese instituto, en 1912; como inspector de la Escuela
Superior de Guerra y agregado a la direccin de la Escuela Miel departamento geAdems, fu profesor de matemticas del curso de aplicacin en los aos de 1912 y 1913, y profesor de conocimiento de armas en la Escuela Militar Tambin ha sido profesor de desde 1911 hasta la fecha. matemticas de la Escuela Militar Ricaurte desde el ao
inspector
the
High
War
School,
management
cadets,
the
Military
School in 1913;
commandantof
1916-
General
17.
War Department,
mathematics
1913,
Besides, he
was a professor
of
in the
and
arms
details
at
the Military
from
He
The government
lo
of
condecor con
el
busto del
bust of the
Liberator in
el
puesto de ayudante
de los directores de maniobras; en 1912 fu miembro de la comisin de ascensos; en 1913 miembro de la comisin de pueba de armamento mayor; en 1917 miembro de la comisin de elaboracin del Cdigo Militar.
1911 to 1913 he held the position of aide to the In 1912 he was a member of the directors of maneuvers. Committee on Promotions; in 1913, a member of the
From
Committee on the Testing of Guns; in 1917, a member the Committee for Drafting a Military Code.
Captain Acevedo was the
of the
initiator
of
El Capitn Acevedo fu
ja
el
iniciador de la fundacin de
institucin.
of
the foundation
secretary.
Colombian Red
Cross, of which he
was made
405
DE MONCO
MDICA
Physician
Con diplomas
del Instituto
ptico de Colombia
CoUege de Chicago.
Especialidades:
and
of
the
Chicago
cncer y ginecologa
specialties.
Horas de consulta: de
Calle i.^
a 4 p. m., en
Office hours,
1
su casa de habitacin, N. 48 de
to 4 p. m., at her
residence,
co-
48 4th Street.
also.
Medicine
Prepara botiquines.
kits prepared.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
Colombian
Periodista y
Pars
el
journalist
and
orator,
born
He made
at
hia studies
of
philosophy
and
literatura
the
his
College
letras
of
bachelor
recibi el
diploma de bachiller en
Rosario
la
El Rosario, Bogot.
de Bogot.
He studied
facultad nacional
su
instruc-
School of Medicine,
naturales
and
finished
his
studies
cin en la facultad
Pars.
de
of natural science in Paris.
He
liberal
ia
a prominent member
of
the
liberal
Conferencista
de
avanzadas
ideas
and pleasing
newspapers
y sonoro
diarios
estilo, es
escribe literatura
and
and
also to
some
leading literary
Spanish magazinea.
He
La
is
much
a
discussed
drama
Venganza
de
los
jvenes
intelectuales
contemporneos
In brief, he
one of the
de su
valerosa
era tion.
campaa
juzga
encomisticamente
Quijano Torres, referring to Lvano'a courageoua feminiat campaign, commenda hia work
vcry highly in the following words:
"Tiene escritas
"He
has
La
el
alma del
filsofo
el
on The
Futtire
Ocupa
en
el
actualmente
un
importante
oBce in the
406
ERNESTO GONZLEZ
Bogot, Colombia
P.
En
de
la
el
el
sur
going on a process
urbanizacin,
la
como puede
verse en
el
trazo adjunto.
Es
may
la capital
de
la
repblica, por
panying map.
republic,
It
is
on account
its
plentiful
its
y progresiva valorizacin
el
y,
en
purity of
air,
the firmness of
the constantly
suma, por
el
barrio de
las construcciones
It will
of
modern
by the
construction,
it
being
Plazas
^Paseos-^Calles
lotes
electric
tramway.
Amplias
a precios
Venta permanente de
bajos.
para
edificar,
muy
de
Plazas
Promenades-Wide
Streets
Permanent
de las
condiciones
higinicas
del
Respecto
barrio
The good
Santa
Santa Ana,
mdicos de Bogot.
Ana
is
vouched
of Bogot.
OEL
SANTA ANA
407
REMBRANDT STUDIO
galera fotogrfica
el
ao de
Cons-
is
una de
las
mejores de la ciudad.
introduciendo
tantemente
adelantos
est
novedades
distinguido siempre
finish.
por su nitidez
y acabado
artstico.
It is
equipped
Avith
kinds
to
it.
cionado con
el
arte
se le confe.
It
its
famous
crayon,
graphs,
pastel,
crayn,
pastel,
surtido de vistas
current events.
children,
mosaics,
both in
parlors
all
and
outside.
a domicilio y en
la galera.
al
En
within reach of
sus salones tiene
trabajo.
customers.
Samples of
exhibition in
its parlors.
Gaitn Prez
7.")
P.
Gaitn Prez
Avenida de
la
Repblica (Carrera
N. 577.
Avenida de
la
Telfono 857.
Bogot
Telephone 857; P. O. Address: Apartado
784..
Bogot, Colombia.
408
Decano de
Propietario
la
prensa bogotana.
Dean
of the
Bogot
press.
and
P.
O.
address:
Direccin
telegrfica:
Nuevotiemp.
Apartado N. 458.
Telegraph: Nuevotiemp.
l'ridn
inA.
nmi^ m
IBIBOCTUBRE
MJEBCOUW
BosaU (Colo^bl^)
174-
TtWaf.1 n -ApaxiHl..
A0 XV
V.
4.911
La Misin
I
Suiza
:;
.Ir 1(-
-I hirt
i-fli,lu
I-
Miia.
Ir "
rn-i
l.i'.l-i
(al
)"
-.M
La
ijitasa
Campa a
Gran
contra
Canciller de
el
Alemania
62.000
derrota
alemana en
PRISIONEROS
!. .iln'iii"- tUfiii.pv. Vil lml' li.n -V l.'.riitiQ, rnMu'i un -un}' ."iilm l'l to-Aten itirailj3- y ..TiFJw-- iii.u..-.-^,. ,.-^^^
Teiriblt desaslic
il
aleoiin
hji
t
Cancillei
aluan
ofOTcm
=!llS
en
[i
lllLll
el
Son
,
1*7.
I>ljtin>f.
nilSffi ItfHMt
!S fl-
Kl
Ni..
.\i-riiijbiHit
ilij'i
liu)[
Bdis ulijDt
\o (djnlAijiis <i ohllKMfrir. l-.r
,
oibate
lefit-i
lOlKKW!
FiattiniHi
1 i'ut
l>*
Kn
r.ni
rl
(rnilF lU'
lirnfp
Mn>tOi^a
Inu
wtitaiiBKiidre
ce
A' wt
i>m|i''i
stflianh
llwanKti MI
>l"n<1p
<t>rrw.
B'irmiiiin-lMlliHnK'
ti
> lauiliintn-
t Onii-b. kto
n^i.n
p|
l-l'(-
lIA't
frjii'^
*ii
Aii'T. Ij~
A
lUim ni iloni '*tynt JU"t nii w timan cnm>lrt li-;
^
lliiii''s r4ti,ui|iJnr.iu
riAt ifO
lu
p^u-ii.
hitiiitn i-ni^iifailii
imn
Mnt%. l-Sii OiiiH.
Slii.f-
ci
1
.l.ltja ii.l<nirfHlirIitv
a
r Kiii trp-bit'ln JcoMMniionr) rmjiiibr ft iiiwi.. ik Is tvvi,)p
S-rn CO
()* In*
|.<nn
.[.*
til (1 Tj.ili.ia
tuind
loi-n
.1-1
0.-^l
'"iillta
(wniriH
.riutipnlfi'
Jiaww
1
Crjl[
'^
lie-
Jo
leitfvr '
'W
liitr>iliiii
'i: |HPr
iir Jlwlln.
lili
ll<i!(nf!'.
'Ul
.-oii.
fl
rrurir
ilc
M'
Kri.rniin Arniw y
tflrii
R
.
.W
In.
,1
\u.
Ilcxo-
HM.-.
li^'ii
.
l;r:.l.')
>rFilnJFniiiimtu
.itrmfWu
'
iwf
.
rf
DaDnW.
Fii It
fnni*fTrttIi.-
coHnrarossAi
EH FiVOI
de
la
]ira{iiiru'''i4ii
r
ilr
'
I-.m.Tilb U
fwmji^
''!
<'>i'l'
-i
'^'z.!mi, n-.Cl
-If.ii.
"P.K-
il"
lili.I.'
<^iipy|i 'til-
i|>ir
la lriiji-i/i
(ueiia
i.
Ifl nift.
r.^
HsKtnii
te
irj'liiihiro iIi-irtiBtwmi
Ijf IK^-
es
iHres:.;;
llutufri. - .ltrqirnLta
tutr
K&iMW V
.nHtariiiii'i.
'" "<"
.M
,
Initrtx
tUB>
sjiwi'i'lii '(r
Mr
mixlr.l-'r tlin"
<
.'t>ll>\:n.^
(ri'inrv
(jliifiiiili
1'rtliii-
[LiiiuiFoiiniikaHiiMisns
(fiw.fcip ti'liuiw " TO Tiempo") lw.lt*^
rM,\i> a.'tnr
tTJOUKSlHtN.SVl.
'I*
Huta tn
aftii'p'il-'
' '<
!
i'^
'*
-^
ba inl
)impk
noi-Jrii
tir.
UTSrnWAI.
I
y.titp'
i.
''
mml"
iIi4|H,i.r
,V((min. Kniifiilrui'!'
Mr.(Mt,.|,.|.rM.Mi
\mni-rri'."ln
ri-Uo ill
[HKicin
a indis
liun
KiuuttPQR
UUDQS
Ji-
turifcTlj.
T*MilfrtB''nlr
ilc-
tMUB
HIMI
i:in..i
(ti'
Ift"
"^l.h"
llBOPUIfit
tril-i-
fifii> (t
wi Intliirtiru *!
1,1 .l,!f-l.,r.
tAll.l..
U^iliTK J
hii
1
-te_
libre
*il|ipnoil>iririfl
.11
WtrwnJ.',
rv.'
Wl7 vl>
bi
L" >^
FOR TELCCntATO
.I.Kail
Jvln.l.
..
UTb
b
lirnailxlH
lli'V funjii^Mii I 1*1(1'
* Ar
la
i^tff*''"''
Itarf-nm'!
.iwti
'iriffW;aiKVf"Uv *"
i"i. taviili^i
V In<J!!'' ni tHlMl"
U W*-, IV. -l
dp '"
J/41lllt^
l.l''
ll.ln
imm'mcitinn
I
,
^'
I"
riltpr
|t|an'->.
rl
.
unoia
(2,000
IkVllln. V .V irlLbrc.
Mii|.r*ijl4' rTifVrit(l.
:.!.
t-riiuiM .rilhil-M
nn
ilp
la-
Irr
>u
4k
fw *"
i4>i
'''
'
l'^
'
""
"
pMieni
l'KVU TIElUHk-IV'eu.
CVaiflianMi vtriatrilt lut ul '' luiM iTicil^oiim|i" [wl I tarti1
Lri
Iii
.K~-ti*tn il .Vrkullira.
fnh-.l tvxn^ir
(a-r
i
i'ufl-i-r^ ~rH f
iinfum,
If
j
|<Til.i|*Tn)i
fllKinit
tn t viii.ljrin't, 'iiw
ni, ponj'.i'
In
iini-i-ln
rnikinrin
I ii<i
nmn-Ji-
Ma'.'iKi i"*.
IFa-t
"f"
tlnwiif'
Ol
i'f
iW
1'
La
mbW
'
inmurTitn,
nnricUm*
tr ,..,
iW<'UkHl> rn
iwm Tiumnn
T.p9l
M
.
in.lic.
M*
liu
lli(llMf<llnl*i.
.W-i.
,W 1-
I.'
n:^
(nHi>"i'ii
M(.iwi.-l .M.-I?.
.Si.t>ni
iiitvi|i>-iii
ivtr
L&C10I1
^"'
'*"'
'* "'-
""*"
u'iXr'jt.
lainJOiiii
IviAw r
**-
'..."-t:',.
.Ivl
..M..
1.>
l~Tilnr hVNi'iM la 1 :.nli|nt.- lTjr'^u'rn'i' TI l'l rtO .W VuillW.i Jl-, X<. .Vi
liliren fiiaiitXrv
rii(.(i.
U rtllrrla
'
nn
liij
iiim
iiirta%l> .1
na^Mmidur
n. ratiUi-
Mi.W
'1 >'*"<
frnuVa 'H'ii.- .o. l'-r -i j.iiiIiiw ). m"lniJ^J .li-t illii'bi n.r la iVio'tyn
Oteara]
OMtiUu TaoMa
Cfifot, "lalir
NIIRVO TlKMPO-n<noU
lH*ln'ntr kntlmi
I.- nl'iki
).i<.1ii>f
Ijrmi.
I.M
ivamit
lr'H O- Inn (nau.k' i"' hiliMiwlTVn nmiU. iV-' il'Aikv, ncitO iVinuHir.O's
.
"M
iria
''!>";
.
K**
(.n..ln>i).. jaJii
hiTi/i
(II
'b-wl-IlU h ;|..t*..*.l-.nllVl"*. tJWt-"l 'Ir hT'i.J iV .WwqiriVdptt^n [NX'A^) Tll.ll>-|i,v3t UvlnWrt. Hon<-'eIli r ipww. illlW y ra'| iH>fr btfnnlll<>Tim>Kb' .-irra.Lif j(^ na.~.<i.i mi. arnij..!" )B.l...
II-
ti.'d.i'.i-
i...il.'\ii|-.niiir""4
Ii-
.<T^m.
MI **|>MI
arbn
MarU
li-
(ilitirvirnin
'lo
Irtipuf-
t.^A. l'f"
I.
1tU
jtr
*.'iti*
fWitt"!'""
ilit
)"
iMif*'.
\iil>.ii!ii
nmii'Vi r
liliin.
(11111*0 (ilin-
l'l
ij'iilf'>'
Iifll.-.
ir^*i.t,.
lili
Ka>yii.. la
lll.ifr
i.nj.
miiM^
Ir
tww
. .!: la
IUti'.uiI. Ij>i
Cuniifiilla
l/ji!>iL>
l^^i- nii^r^aOva
'nf"ii'i>i'ii'.ii
.vinipli^d
m
COBRP^l'ON'SM.
VKni-'-<Pi^N>.VT.li
.W
til-u
inl-'li'^.M.iln.
]-^
nN^
.|p
1..
Il.l-|
U".'
t:l
i'xal lf1 .1
r>sXU
iftrUlro . rrrlbhrfnif
L
"iTir.
M."l'iiVi,l'i
Ji'<!i.
Ir, liti-OiA0iI<r
7 nwlhntMktfa Wl
409
Eilj^SP
1
OR
.717
a tman^
pdcl Cano
^^Ll^^L^;21?fl.^L^^^'
Fundado en
Publica
Bopiot
el
ao de 1887.
diarias
Founded
en
in
1887.
ediciones
Daily
editions
published
in
Medelb'n.
de
Panam y Ecuador.
rgano
favorecido
Cable
por
los
service
vias
Panam
and Ecuador.
Preferred
anunciadores
debido
su
ex-
by
its
advertisers
on
tensa circulacin.
account of
large circulation.
'LA
PATRIA'
de julio de 1913.
Solano.
Fundador y
liberal
1913,
by
its
Edicin poltica todos los das no feriados. Publica los domingos un suplemento literario.
las ediciones
Sunday
literary
section.
AU
it
editions
are
illustrated.
Todas
son ilustradas.
Tiene desde
Since
vice.
May,
1916,
mayo de 1916 un
cablegrfica. Tirada general 5000 ejemplares. Tiene fuera de Bogot 2000 suscriptores y en la ciudad 700.
S.,
S.,
Avenue, Southampton Row. En Panam: Gustavo Hernndez Rodrguez. En Caracas: J. M. Clemente. En Pars: Pedro Restrepo ribe. Tiene adems corresponsales en varias de las capitales de los departamentos. Contrato especial de informacin grfica con el Univehsal Picture Cut Service, Inc., 24 y 26 Stone Street, Nueva York. Poltica Literatura Ciencias Artes. Bogot, Colombia, Carrera 6 N." 305. Por cable y telgrafo: Patria. Telfono 5S0. Apartado 986.
Avenue, Southampton Road; in Panam, Gustavo Hernndez Rodrguez; in Caracas, J. M. Clemente; in Paris, Pedro Restrepo Uribe. It has also correspondents in several department capitals. It has a special contract
for
graphic
Information
with
the
Universal
New
York.
POLITICS
LlTERATURE
6.
SciENCE
ArT
S05 Carrera
P.
Telephone: 5S0.
O.
adch-ess:
Apartado 9S6.
Patria.
Cable and
telegraph:
Bogot, Colombia.
410
"LA TRIBUNA"
Diario liberal de la tarde.
Director: Francisco Jos Arvalo;
rente, E. Restrepo Vargas.
man-
Oficinas
61 y 63.
Street.
P. O. address:
Fu fundado
brillante
Colombia.
Telegraph:
Tribuna.
1912 por Antonio Jos Restrepo, el ms y veterano de los periodistas colombianos. En junio de 1915 adquirieron la empresa los seores Arvalo
Restrepo, quienes la
xito.
Cuenta
abonados.
completo.
tiene
La
1912 by Antonio Jos Restrepo, the most brilliant veteran of Colombian journalism. In June, 1915, Messrs. Arvalo and Restrepo acquired the business, which they have continued successfully.
in the early part of
Founded
Para
la
informacin nacional
La Tribuna
scribers.
corresponsales
en
las
principales
It has a
ciudades de la repblica.
Corresponsales extranjeros: en los Estados
the republic.
Pan-American Newspaper Longacre Building, 1476 Broadway, Nueva York; en Espaa, don Miguel Rey, Barcelona; en la
Argentina,
don Jos
Ignacio
Bentez,
Buenos
Aires.
Longacre Building, 1476 Broadway, New York City; in Spain, Don Miguel Rey, Barcelona; in Argentino, Don Jos Ignacio Bentez, Buenos Aires.
Association,
Poltica,
Comercio,
etc.
Informacin,
el
PoLiTics,
Literatura,
Agentes en
ture, Etc.
los
servicio de anuncios:
WyUe B. Jones Advertising, Binghamton, New York; and the United Pubhshing
Company, 327 South La
Chicago.
Salle
N. Y., y The United Publishen Co., 327 South La Salle St., Chicago.
ton,
Street,
Locatedon First
Calle de Florin, Nos. 325 and 327.
Its prescnt
327.
own-
almacn,
el
fundado hace 15
aos, o sea en ao de 1901.
1901.
Hoy cuenta
numerosa
tela
con
clien-
est
muy
highly
reputed,
importadores en ms grande escala de la ciudad de Bogot, como por el gran surtido de rancho, licores, pouscafs, champagnes, vinos tintos, blancos y generosos, cigarrillos, gran surtido de dulces finos y objetos para regalo que tiene en su almacn. El seor Carlos Lozano es uno de los individuos que gozan de gran crdito debido a su honradez comercial.
ment
of
excellent
canned goods,
liquors, cordials,
cham-
Mr. Carlos Lozano is highly esteemed as one of the and most business-like merchants in the country.
fairest
Bogot, Colombia
411
Bogot, Colombia
HOTEL ATLNTICO
primera Calle Real de Bogot y dems condiciones requeridas para satisfacer el gusto ms refinado. Cuenta con lujosos salones de recibo, mobiliario moderno, servicio de comedores y cantina a la europas, situado
el lujo,
en
la
The best
taste
on
confort,
may
require.
Handsome
Modern
furniture.
pea.
Este establecimiento es el nico en su clase y el preferido por la high Ufe nacional y extranjera, pues en l se celebran banquetes y festivales de la alta sociedad.
its
kind,
and
is
by
all
tainments a specialty.
HOTEL BLUME
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
Blume.
de
of
Propietaria:
Virginia de
2.^
Blume.
Proprietress, Virginia de
Situado en la
(Carrera
8.='),
Calle de Florin,
Located
Florin
at
Second
8"),
Calle
(Carrera
cerner
12th
Street.
in 1893
Fundado en
el
ao de 1893 por
Founded
esposo de la seora Blume.
by Mrs. Blume's
husband.
412
ciudad de
many
years.
It
is
The rooms are large and well ventilated. The dining room is comfortable, and the meis
dant, as Mrs. Isabel de Lersundi,
particular pains to oversee the
excellent
and abun-
who
is
work
personally.
Hot and
Reasonable
of the hotel.
prices,
and character
En
bles.
dada
la clase
mdicos, de estableel
HOTEL HISPANIA
Calle
14j
Cualquier viajero que llegue a Bogot y busque, como es lgico, el sitio ms concurrido, donde existe mayor animacin, ms cntrico y equidistante de las oficinas pblicas, teatros y lugares de recreo, y por donde pasan todas las lneas del tranva urbano, no se detendr hasta llegar a la Calle Real (Carrera 7^), inmediaciones de la plaza de San Francisco, donde encontrar establecido el Hotel Hispana.
todo lo bueno, lo lleva a entrar en l, ver una casa slida, amplia, ventilada, alegre y cmoda, donde impera el buen gusto y el confort ms refinado. En el centro de ella hay un bonito patio adornado con flores y techado con una cubierta de cristales que hace que en todas las habitaciones y galeras se disfrute la ms agradable temperatura, cualquiera que sea la estacin que se atraviese. En las habitaciones encontrar buenos y cmodos muebles, as como una pulcritud exagerada. En los comedores podr deleitarse con los ms selectos platos, entre los cuales figuran algunos de condimentacin netamente espaola. Tampoco le ser difcil encontrar perfectamente instalados en este hotel todos los servicios de aseo e higiene.
Si su natural instinto a
The building is an ampie, substantiai, well-ventilated and comfortable structure, and, on entering it, one is at once struck with the good taste and refinement shown In the center there is a beautiful courtyard, always fiUed with in everything inside. flowers, and covered with a glass roof which makes the temperature in all the rooms pleasant, whatever the season of the year. and corridors most The rooms
entirely
maculately clean.
Por estas razones el Hotel Hispania, por derecho propio, figura entre los de primera categora en Bogot, sin que por ello se cobren a los clientes precios exagerados, ya sean comensales o pensionistas. Es ms, a las familias y huspedes estables suele hacrseles algn descuento en los precios corrientes.
Estas razones hacen que cuente con una escogida y numerosa clientela. La gerencia del hotel tendr mucho gusto en contestara cuantas referencias sobre
el
and The hotel is provided with all the necessary elements to insure perfect cleanliness and sanitary conditions throughout. All this makes of the Hotel Hispania one of the best in Bogot. Yet, its rates, bolh to transients and to permanent guests, are by no means excessive; on the contrary, some discount on regular rates is given to families and steady patrons. On account of its conveniences and reasonable rates, the hotel has a numerous and most select dintele. The nianagement will gladly give whatever further Information may be ^^sired,
as well as references.
are appointed with good and comfortable furniture, and are kept imThe dining rooms afford the most select dishes, many of them characteristically Spanish.
mismo
le
pidan.
Telfono: 389.
Telephone: 3S9.
413
CO.
Shares are
compaa en
el
mes de agosto de
le
1908.
Founded
in August, 1908.
hoy en
el
mercado a razn de
gold, each.
The La
($10,000).
El Molino de
edificio,
por
la finura
de
su maquinaria y por la seleccin de sus productos, es hoy considerado como el primero en su clase. En la exposicin nacional verificada en
esta ciudad en el ao de 1910 los productos de este molino obtuvieron
el
machinery and
of its kind.
Its
products received
first
prize
paa
obsequiada
con
Bogot
This
in 1910.
mUl
grinds
the
diploma.
En
este molino se
muelen
partners, which
los trigos
los cuales
de
amounts to
per
year,
alcanzan a 25,000
over
the
3,000 tons
flour
in
being
the
rapidly
used
two
depart-
penden rpidamente en
los
Departamentos de Cundina-
marca y Tolima.
Est situado en
la
Aveni-
Por cable:
Unidos.
Telegraph:
Unidos.
Bogot, Colomsi*..
Bogot, Colombia.
MANUEL GUTIRREZ
C.
&
ClA.
Campana" Stearic-Candle Works
is
*'La
Founded 1905 by Mr. Manuel Gutirrez C. Located on Coln Avenue, which one of the most frequented avenues of Bogot.
Its principal business is the manufacture of stearic candles and paraffin. Its products are first quality, and have the best reputation throughout the republic. Tney were exhibited at the Ecuador National Exposition of 1909, and at the Colomban Exposition of 1910. At the former, they were awarded a diploma of honor and gold medal: and at the latter, a diploma of honor and silver medal. In addition to this, the factory holds two certificates from leading manufacturers of similar products in Germany
and EngLand.
Its output varies between 2,000 is one of the largest in the country. It manufactures products adapted to all climates, and the necessary elements for proper packing, as well as for repairing and renewits machinery. Its products are guaranteed by the faet that its personnel consists of most capable and reliable technieal experts.
This factory
all
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
414
G.
Soda-Water Works
G. Posada and Tobn's soda-water enterprise
is
& Tobn
el
es la
ms
Bogot,
country.
ao de 1903.
Afterwards
established branches
in Manizales
later, in 1908, in
The
companj
is
en
el
ao de 1908, en Bogot.
La compaa
est establecida en
forma
Its producs are highly reputed
de sociedad regular colectiva de comercio. Sus productos gozan de merecida fama y son tenidos como
los
of their
mejores
kind.
first
where they
que
se fabrican.
Han ganado
los
have been exhibited. They are prepared from the best-known materials
han presentado.
las
care.
One
of the partners,
Mr. G. Posada,
is
a chemist.
He
studied at
Columbia University,
New York,
Uno
de sus socios,
el
is
La maquinaria que
tiene es la
ms moderna que
radio de
se conoce.
Como
are favorably
known throughout
the republic.
un gran
consumo por
las distintas
Besides
fbricas que tiene establecidas, son bien conocidos en todo el pas.
its
on account
mercial
and
its
com-
Adems de su
crdito
como
fabricante, la sociedad de G.
Posada
credit.
& Tobn,
94 Carrera
13.
Cable: Kola.
Bogot, Colombia
Bogot, Colombia
^EL
Esteban Verd's grand mechanioal cigarette factory, founded in Bogot 19 years ago, and therefore the oldest in the country. Its forc of employees is never less than 200 girls and an equal number of men.
Owing
Colombia.
to
the quality of
increasing.
its
cigarettes,
the
demand
for
them
is
constantly
They
are
the
in
correspondiente
de
hombres.
Debido a
es
la calidad
de
dispensan
sus
Colombia.
Telfono N. 191.
Apartado N. 426.
Cables y telegramas:
Verd.
415
&
Cl\.
VlDIELLA
The products
factory
are
& COMPANT
of this
weU-known
ms
toda
justa
y merecida
fama en
la repblica.
O.
address:
Apartado
934
BoGCfr, Colombia.
c.
company
fundada en
Notary PubUc
established in 1907 by pubUc deed No. 727, of the Circuit of Bogot. Initial
gada ante
el
notario 2
Equipped with the most modern machinery. Its products are everywhere acknowledged to be of the best quality, and on that account the factory was awarded the first prize and a gold medal at the National Exposition of July 20, 1910.
Maict office: Carrera 11 No. 142. Telegraph address: Elaborando.
con un capital
de $33,257 oro.
inicial
quinaria
Cuenta con
de
la
mejor fabricacin
europea.
El producto de
la
elaboracin
excelente
es
de
cahdad, re-
nacional del 20 de
juUo de 1910.
N. Gerencia: Carrera Direccin telegrfica:
11 142.
Elaborando
416
Industrial aociety founded in 1917, with an effective capital of 100,000 dollars, and monthly output of 10,000,000 cigarettes. Its products are known throughout the republic. This factory manufactures the foUowing registered brands: "Hidalgos," "Elegantes," "Duquesitas," "Coronados," "X X," "Khedive," "Especialidad Bogotana," "Nacionales," "Bastos," "Argelinos," "Especiales," "Ideal," and "Impe-
riales."
The tobceo used for the manufacture of cigarettes is the best Havana tobceo, being the same as uaed in Cuba for the well known " Legitindad " cigarettes. The
technical expert of the factory
is
made
makiug
in
equipped with the most modern machinery for the manufacture of its products; it has a good pre.ss, a special department for the manufacture of packing cases, a carpentry shop, a special working department, and store house for keeping the tobceo. The factory has a forc of 120 workmen, a number which will be. considerably increased as soon as new machinery, expected before long, is installed.
Mensualmente se efecta un sorteo con premios que llegan hasta S500 oro. Para el expendio de los cigarrillos, tiene dos almacenes en e centro de la ciudad situados en la calle de Florin N." 310 y en la carrera 7." N." 650. Direccin telegrfica: "Elegantes." Apartado de correos, SIS. Cdigos: A. B. C, Samper y Lieber. Telfono: 203. Direccin de la fbrica: Calle 10 N." 179.
The cigarette tips are made of cork, silk, gold paper, and straw. RafBes are held every month, and prenums to the amount of 500 dollars paid to the holders of lucky numbers. For the sale of its products. the company has two stores in the central part of the city, iocated respectively at No. 310 Florin Street, and No. 650 Carrera 7." P. O. address: Apartado SIS. Factory address: 179 Tenth Street. Telephone: No. 203.
Telegraph: "Elegantes."
Codes: A. B.
.,
Samper, and
Lieber's.
"LA CONSTRUCTORA"
OSPINA
Capital, $60,000 oro.
&
CA.
Capital, 60,000 dollars.
Founded
1912.
Large factory of
screens,
fine
and fancy
and
all
Since
its
foundation
the factory has been very popular with the public, on account of the elegance and
escaleras
para
good quality
of its
is
work, as well as of
its
good management.
skillful
puertas, basetc.,
The
factory
tidores,
toda
workers.
plan, the
It has just
opened a department
on the installment
clase de obras
relacio-
nadas con la ebanistera. Esta fbrica ha contado desde su fundacin con la buena acogida del pblico, debido a la elegancia, buena cahdad, solidez y belleza de sus trabajos, y al estricto cumplimiento de sus compromisos.
Orders shipped to
Cuenta con
completa moderna,
escogido
la
ms
maquinaria y con un
Ha
cin
abierto
especial
una
sec-
para la venta de muebles por mensualidades. Se atienden despachos para todos los puntos del
Almacn:
N.o 73, lombia.
Calle
Bogot,
16 Co-
417
el
A stock company founded in Bogot, October 16, 1911, by public deed certified by the Fourth Notary of the Circuit of Bogot, under number 1069. Initial capital,
30,000 dollars.
La maquinaria
es la
ms moderna que ha
the most
modern
in the republic.
It
casa de Europa en este ramo, con todos los ltimos modelos de aparatos de calefaccin, refinacin, refrigeracin, etc.
the best European manufacturers, and ineludes the latest types of heating, refining, refrigerating and other apparatus.
El hielo producido por esta ltima mquina es reconocido como de superior calidad a todos los dems de Bogot. La elaboracin es perfecta, el aseo escrupuloso y las materias primas empleadas son escogidas por agentes de la empresa en los mejores mercados del Tolima. Cauca y Santander. El azcar Sincern es el principal elemento empleado en la fbrica por su pureza y condiciones especiales para la elaboracin, la cual se hace con frmulas
invariables.
The ice produced by these refrigerating machines the product of any other machine in Bogot.
is
The chocolate produced by the factory is a perfect product. Cleanliness s scrupulously maintained, and the materials used are selected by special agents in the best markets of Tolima, Cauca and Santander. Sincern sugar is mainly used by the factory, on account of its purity and its adaptability to the making of chocolate. This article is manufactured in accordance with fixed prescriptions. The product of the works has already become very popula-, and it is now sold in many of the towns of Cundinamarca, Boyac, and Tolima, the consumption of it being constantly on the increase, owing no doubt to its excellent quality. Factory: Carrera 19, No. 21. Office: 326 ISth Street.
Post office address: Apartado 777. Telegraph: Edursan. Codes: Ldeber's, and A. B. C.
y Tolima, notndose
Los productos han merecido aun en tan corto tiempo el favor del pblico; y ya su radio de expendio se extiende a muchas de las poblaciones de Cundinamarca, Boyac el aumento progresivo del consumo mensual, debido esto a la magnfica cadad del chocolate. Fbrica: Carrera 19 nmero 21. Oficinas: Calle 13 nmero 326. Direccin telegrfica: Edursan. Apartado nmero 777.
Cdigos: Lieber y A. B. C.
'LA
Fbca.: Calle 20 No. 13 B.
Fundada
bases,
esta fbrica
los
& Ca.,
difficulties, it
despus
de vencer en
primeros aos grandes dificultades, afirm su existencia sobre slidas mayo de 1915 con un capital de 330,000 oro ingls, dividido en 3,000 acciones de 2 cada una, ntegramente pagadas.
1905, by Messrs. Villar, Sordo & Company. After overcoming great estabshed its business on a solid basis, and was organized as a stock company in 1915 with a capital of $30,000, English gold, divided into 3,000 shares of 2 pounds sterUng each, all of which have been paid in.
Founded June
fu flotantizada en
Its present
manager
its
is
one
of
the
members
He
has directed
inception.
The business
candles.
of the
company
is
the manufacture of
oils,
extracted from
stearic
home
and
seeds,
paraffin
kinds of machinery: hydraulio corn hulling machines; hydrogenizing apparatus, and other appliances connected with the manufacture
firm
offers for the following
The
would consider
presses;
of
oil.
Factory: 13
B 20th
Street
Bogot, Colombia.
Su gerente actual es uno de los socios de la firma primitiva, quien ha estado sin interrupcin al frente de la empresa, desde su fundacin.
Ella se ocupa de la fabricacin de los siguientes artculos: aceites,
extrados de
semillas oleaginosas del pas, cultivadas o silvestres; jabones para el lavado de ropa,
para
el
Solicitamos ofertas de mquinas para estas industrias, especialmente: prensas hidraUcas; aparatos de extraccin; mquinas de descortezar semillas de ricino (castor
oil
seeds);
mquinas de separar
,
el
(hydrogenation)
y cuanto
se relacione
418
MANUEL
Esta fbrica se fund en el ao de 1912 por su actual propietario Manuel V. Hurtado. Ha alcanzado su mayor impulso debido a la consagracin, tanto del seor Hurtado, como tambin de todo su personal, el cual es bastante conocedor en la materia. La maquinaria empleada para los trabajos en la elaboracin de los fsforos es de lo ms moderno que se ha introducido al pas, y las materias primas con que cuenta son de
seor
superior calidad. Debido a esto sus artculos han tenido muy buena aceptacin en todos los mercados del pas y tambin por ser todos garantizados por la
fbrica.
V.
HURTADO
Fbrica de Fsforos
Match
It
Factory
its
Founded 1912 by
has
achieved
Manuel V. Hurtado.
Hurtado
as well
great
Mr.
as
who
aU
experts.
in
The machinery
manufacture
of
used
the
is
matches
repubhc.
The raw
material
This,
is
of superior quahty.
and
the fact that the products of the factory are guaranteed, have
large
Cuenta
casa
la
bastante
tuada en la Avenida Boyac. Para el expendio de sus productos tiene un magnfico almacn, situado en el Camelln de la Concepcin. Bogot, Colombia.
concern
has
la
shop
on
Camelln de
Concepcin.
Bogot, Colombia.
La nica sociedad en
el
The only
February
is
dada
18,
and acknowledged as
ejecutivo.
a juridical person
los
by executive decree
It has as its
Bogot, Colombia.
191
lOlh Street,
Bogot, Colombia.
419
Se encarga de todo trabajo en flores, cuidando siempre de complacer con esmero y delicadeza a su distinguida y
A garden and flower liouse belonging to Mrs. Resurreccin Herrera de Vsquez, 825 Carrera 7, Chapinero Road. AU kinds of flower decorations, special pains being taken
to satisfy,
cern's
numerosa
Estricto
clientela.
cumplimiento en
el
by careful and artistic combinations, the connumerous patrons. Work promptly sent to patrons' residences, wlien reBogot, Colombia.
quired.
Bogot, Colombia.
HIJO
his
Son
this
que
illustra
esta
pgina da a conocer la inolvidable igura del estimable caballero don Buenaventura Landnez. Con la entereza de carcter que siempre acompa en todos los actos de su vida, despus de ardua labor fund en asocio de don Lino Casas en el ao de 1902 la fbrica de cerveza denominada "Sucursal." Gracias a la constancia en el trabajo, hizo que los dos socios adquirieran con poco capital una considerable fortuna, y como la idea de la caridad haba germinado en la mente del seor Landnez, era la ocasin propicia para satisfacer su grandioso ideal: socorrer al desgraciado. Pronto sus buenas obras en pro de la clase desvalida le hicieron acreedor a ocupar puesto de dignidad en varias sociedades, como la Filantrpica, la de Caridad, etc. El anhelo de ver algn da el ;:remio obrero de Colombia emancipado, tambin tuvo eco en su BueuiiveuLura LuuUmw corazn y puso por entonces capital y su clara inteligencia al sen-icio de l, lo cual le hizo merecer elogios del innumerable crculo de amistades que rodeaban a tan distinguido ciudadano. Arrebat la muerte esta herinosa existencia el ao de 1912, cuando se consagraba sin intermedio alguno al cumplimiento del deber, y cuando su vida pareca necesaria para sus amigos, y por esto fu el da de su muerte, causa de tristeza, de duelo general dentro de la capital y fuera de ella; motivo de dolor fueron las mltiples manifestaciones que en torno de este nombre se realzaron en esta fecha; eran el sentido adis que se daba al progresista industrial que eu la vida llev el nombre de Buenaventura Landnez. Compaero en la diaria lucha era su querido hijo don Luis Alberto, quien segua el mismo espritu de trabajo que su padre; pero ya que los medios ofrecan mejor ocasin, pens el seor Landnez en la educacin de su hijo, y le pareci miis adecuado mandarlo a Alemania, y efectivamente, en 1911 sigui este inteligente joven su viaje a Hamburgo, con el propsitos ano de seguir estudiando y satisfucor la aspiracin de su padre, quien deseaba hacer de l un servidor, un ciudadano ntegro, que llegara a ser honra de Colombia. Mas por aquellas afinidades inseparables que existen entre padre e hijo, por las cuales el uno no jiuede vivir sin el otro, a la muerte de don Buenaventura sucedise la de don Luis Alberto en 1914, ya prximo a venir a su patria, donde su familia lo esperaba con las miis risueas esperanzas, y donde sus muchas amistades tambin aguardaban la llegada de esta adolescente intelectualidad.
page shows the unforgetable figure of the esteemed gentleWith the honesty that always characterized all his aets, he founded in 1902, after a great deal of labor, the brewery known as Sucursal, in association with Don Lino Casas. Through untiring endeavor, the two partners, after starting with a small capital, made a considerable fortune. As Mr. Landnez had always been imbued with most charitable feelings, he took advantage of his improved condition to assist the unfortunate. His work in behalf of the poor won for him a place of distiuction in several organizations, such as the Philanthropic Society, the Charity Soeiety, etc. He was also very eager to accomplish the emancipation of the Colombian workng men, and gave both his sen'ices and capital tol so worthy a cause, which made him a most distinguished and esteemed citizen. This beautiful Ufe was taken awayin 1912, while
The photograph on
Landnez.
Mr. Landnez was fulfilling his duties in work that to his friends seemed indispensable. His death caused general consternation both in the capital and in other parts of the countrj', and was the occasion for
sincere
expressions of
all
regret
and
this
sympathy by
who knew
His beloved son Don Luis Alberto companion, his constant was prompted by the same noble spirit The eider Mr. as his father. Landnez, when his means afforded
it,
many
Haniburg comgrati-
and thus
fying his father's wishes, who expected him to become a usef u Unforcitizen of his country.
1
tunately, the father's death was followed by that of the son in 1914.
He
died
when about
where
to return to
his family
awaited
420
VCTOR VARGAS
'
V.
Sthong Akm "
El Brazo Fuerte
"
" The
Hat
Sombrera
fun-
store
founded
in Bogot,
dada en Bogot y
line.
buys direct
hat.
the true
Panam
una
de
las
ms
un
Street, Bogot.
antiguas,
con
surtido
completo,
el
especialmente
exportacin.
de
Compra
mente a
los
directa-
produc-
de
jipijapas,
el
verdadero sombrero
Suaza.
Calle 11 N.'>266.
Bogot.
&
CA.
Founded a great many years ago. Its exclusive business is the importation and sale of articles for Cathohc ceremonies, and rehgious
articles in general.
It
is
well
known among
Es conocido de
mente
que
la
la
mayor parte
lo cual
del clero de la
repbUca y constantedepartamentos
que recorren
los diferentes
componen, con
by making
tion,
its articles
well
known.
great reputa-
y ha hecho conocer sus artculos en todo Colombia, acreditndolos de manera tal, que hoy recibe constantemente pedidos de todo el pas.
Tiene
la
&
Colombia de
genes Torra
de im-
among
the best
&
Maso, de Barcelona,
Comlas
electro-
gold, sUver
and
Posee un
taller
electrogalvnico
ing
all
is
the
only one of
el pas.
best
The firm has become one of the known and most important in
It des-es to enter into
las
ms
Colombia.
Entrara
commercial relations
with manu-
which
Cabrera
8. N.os
8.",
Bogot, Cabrera
Y 241b.
J)B. N." Yacano.
Telfono 47S.
241a Aparkulo
BoqotX
P. O. address: Apartado 4^. Tele-
Direccin
telegrfica:
421
Bogot, Colombia
Almacn situado en la 2." Calle Real en un amplio y cmodo local. All tiene para la venta toda clase de artculos de primera calidad y ltima moda, que importa directamente de las mejores casas europeas y americanas. Surtido completo de artculos para seoras, hombres y Precios mdicos y renovacin constante del surtido. nios. 2." Calle Real N. 291-293. Apartado N." IOO4. Por
telgrafo
:
and
American
firms.
for ladies,
men and
children.
prices.
Diprisco.
P. O. address:
Apartado 1004-
"Dipkisco."
GALERA LAFAYETTE
RozANs & Cohn.
Plaza de Bolvar No. 283. Bogot,
Colombia.
Bolvar Square, No. 283, Bogot, Colombia. Telegraph: Roz.'Vco, Bogot; Rozaco, Paris. Telephone 704. Founded 1910. Bujing office in Paris: 55 Ru Richard Lenoir (Xle). All kinds of novelties and special articles for ladies, such as silk gowns, waists of all styles, coats, tailor suits, furs, underwear, and silk, wool and cotton materials. Goods for children of both sexes. Branch at 295 Second Calle Real.
Direcciones
grficas:
tele-
55
Ru Richard Le-
noir (Xle).
de
todas
clases,
sobretodos, vestidos
pieles, ropa blanca de toda clase, telas de seda, lana y algodn, etc. Artculos para nios y
sastres,
nias.
-^KSt^SttSlt'Vl;^
Tiene una sucursal situada en la 2." Calle Real N. 295. Telfono_N. 704. .J
422
sastrera de francisco
L.
PLATIN francisco
reapect.
L.
El taller de sasfcjera fu fundado en al ao de 1904 por el seor Francisco L, Plattn. Dicho seor tiene bu establecimiento con todo el confort necesario. Termin sus estudios como cortador y confeccionador do ropa para hombre, en
los
up-to-date in every
mejores talleres de
Para, los
of
Londres y
le
que
and designer of men's clothes in the best shops which conferred diplomas of honor upon him. His reputation has spread so widely throughout thc republic, that at present he has fifteen branches in the principal department capitals and several other towns. In his shop he has a sclect forc for the performance of all the work entrusted to him which he guarantees in every respect. Mr. Platn's shop is patronized by a numerous and select dintele, both because he is one of the best tailors in the city, and because he has won the public by his amiahis studies as a cutter Paris,
He made
London and
bility
and courtesy.
known
tablecidas 15 sucursales
las principales capi-
London,
Paris,
and the United States. All kinds of underand everything else that a man needs to dress
tales
de
los
departamen-
ciones.
talleres
un
selecto per-
para la confeccin de todas las obras que se le confen, garantizando con esto sus
sonal
trabajos.
El
taller
del
seor
amabilidad y cortesa que usa con sus clientes. taller de sastrera, un almacn con el nombre de " Belle Jardinijre." a dicho almacn introduce mercancas de Londres, Pars y Estados Unidos. All se encuentra toda clase de ropa interior, camisas, cuellos, corbatas, calzado, etc.; en una palabra, todo lo que necesite una peradna para vestir correctasalones por la
Tiene,
adems de su
mente.
This most industrious sartorial artist has achieved, through his good judgment and originality, great fame as one of the most
consummate
of the
Grand
dence of Colombia, 1910, invited him to conAfter a great deal of tribute some of his work. thought and ex-pense, he cut and himself made an overcoat of his own design, which was more highly
praised than any other of the
many
articles of its
ments
mittee,
in the city.
As a
of
Com-
composed
the
weU-reputed
ex-perts
Messrs. Jess Quintero and Wilham H. Bowden, and the noted merchant Mr. Silvestre Samper Uribe, who had just arrived from Paris, awarded
de oro y diploma de honor. La prensa entonces encomi unnimemente su mrito y la Sociedad de Sastres, por medio de una proposicin dio un voto de aplauso y felicitacin al nuevo sastre por tan merecida distincin. Provisto de tan honrosos ttulos, el seor Valdiri fund su taller el 7 de enero de 1911, el
Mr. Valdiri the first prize, consisting of a gold medal and a diploma of honor. The press commended him most highly, and the Society of Tailors passed a resolution congratulating him
on having received that well-deserved mark of
distinction.
titles,
Mr. Valdiri
It
ha llegado hoy a la altura de los mejores de su clase. Tiene permanente y magnfico surtido' de paos y materiales importados directamente de las mejores casas de Pars y Londres, y un gran saln de obreros competentes dirigidos por l mismo. Pocas veces se ve un xito tan brillante en un joven que no ha contado para ello ms que con su constante, honrado y poderoso esfuerzo.
cual
keeps a
and a forc
of
skillful
workers
by Mr.
Valdiri
himself.
seldom that so great success is achieved by a young man having no other assistance than his own persevering effort and absolute honesty^
It is
423
Successors
Founded
to Jess Quintero
in
ramos:
Introduccin, frecuentemente renovada, de ropa fina para caballeros, confeccionada por reputados y conocidsimos sastres de Londres y Pars, con quienes tenemos contratos que nos gai'antizan la exclusividad para la venta de sus productos en la capital y en el pas.
1889. It has graduaUy grown in importance, and the confidence and favor of the public, both in Bogot and the Today, it is without doubt the most capitals of other departments. important in its Une of business, which comprises the foUowing specialties: importation of first-class clothing for gentlemen, made by famous London and Paris tailors, for whom the firm is e.xolusive agent in Bogot and the rest of Colombia; other articles for gentlemen; tailormg; importation of first-class clothing materials of all kinds; tailor suits
won
Artculos para caballeros. Sastrera e introduccin de paos de alta calidad y todo gnero de materiales para sastres. .Vestidos sastre, sobretodos y abrigos de toda clase para seoras, de las mejores casas europeas y en calidad fina nicamente. La norma de nuestro negocio es ofrecer siempre el mayor y ms elegante artculo al menor precio posible. conseguir este propsito
The
firm's
motto
is
always to
sell
lowest
possible price.
Visit our stores.
A
.
dedicamos nuestros esfuerzos y toda nuestra atencin. Respetuosamente solicitamos de LTd. una visita a nuestros almacenes. BogotCalle 12 N.o^ 158, 162 y 162a
Street.
BogotX, Colombia.
DOMINGO
Puede considerarse como una de
ciudad de Bogot, pues hace cerca de 23 anos que fu establecida por su actual propietario seor Alvarez, despus de haber hecho sus estudios en la ciudad de MedeUn, Departmento de Antioquia, y donde ejerci su profesin por espacio de 3 aos. Sus trabajos desde la escuela han sido premiados con diplomas de honor y tambin en las distintas exposiciones. Hace li aos fu dii-eetor de una escuela que se estableci en Bogot para la enseanza de corte y confeccin, la cual dio muy buenos
resultados. Ha sido en varias ocasiones presidente de la Sociedad de Sastres establecida hace muchos aos en esta capital. Para satisfacer hasta el gusto ms exigente, cuenta con un personal de operarios bastante competente e introduce directamente paos de las mejores fbricas inglesas. Despacha pedidos por correo a cualquier punto de la repblica. Dii'eccin telegrfica: Dalvarez. Sastrera y talleres: Calle 11, Nmeros 122 y 122B. Boc.oT.4, Colombia.
E.
LVAREZ
oldest in the city of Bogot, haying been established nearlj' 23 years ago by its present owner, Mr. Alvarez. He made his studies in the city of MedeUn, Department of Antioquia, wliere he practiced his trade for three years.
Sastrera y Almacn de Ropa Hecha.Tailor Shop and Ready-Made Clothes This shop may be considered one of the best and las mejores y ms antiguas de la
His work, ever since he was a student, has won diplomas of honor, some of them conferred by several expositions. About 14 years ago he was director of a sohool foimded in Bogot He was for the teaching of tailoring, and which gave very good results. on several occasions president of the Society of TaUors, which has
been in existenoe for a great mauy j'ears. In order to give entire satisfaction, he has a forc of most skillful workers, and imports all his materials direct from the best European
factories.
Orders shipped by mail to any part of the republic. Shop: 122 and 132B llth Street. Telegraph: Daluarez.
BoGOT., Colombia.
424
MARCO
Importadores en general de
culos americanos
art-
A.
ECHEVERRA
& ClA,
Importers
of
American
and
europeos.
European
several
articles.
Almacn
Store founded
city of
fundado
principales
Todos sus
al
artculos
los
vende
Everything sold for cash.
Specialties:
las siguientes:
iron;
window and
door panes;
colors;
all
para
edificios,
papel de colgadura en
kinds of candies;
tacks;
tubes;
pimientas,
tuberas,
alambres,
artculos
punde toda
enameled
articles of
various kinds;
rubber heels;
tin
etc.
ammunition;
muni-
Store:
Street.
cin, etc.
P. O. address:
Apartado 536.
Telegraph
Echeverra.
ed.
Code: Samper 2d
Telephone:
1214.
N.
1214.
Echeverra.
Cdigo:
Samper 2a
edicin.
Bogot, Colombia.
MALDONADO
Sastrera y Almacn de Paos
Esta casa fu establecida en
cin del seor Pedro P.
el
&
COMPAA
Shop and Clothing Materials
Established in 1908 under the direction of Mr. Pedro
^Tailor
se
ao de 1908 bajo
la direc-
Maldonado.
Desde entonces
P.
of
Maldonado.
Ever
has
all
made
a specialty
kinds of goods
para la confeccin de ropa en todas las tallas y forma de la, ltima moda.
It
now
of
has a large
Hoy cuenta con numerosa clientela, debido a la excelencia de los materiales que usa, del esmerado trabajo, como tambin a la puntualidad y esfuerzos para satisfacer a todos los clientes.
patronage,
excellence
due to the
its
goods
orders are
filled.
The
of
Tiene permanentemente surtido renovado de paos para vestidos de fantasa y de ceremonia y cortes para pantaln y
chaleco.
constantly
renewed,
Shop:
Street.
Direccin
telegrfica:
Telegraph
cin.
Importa-
Importacin.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
425
DUPERLY &
CA.
The
is
que est establecido en la ciudad de Bogot; pues fu fundado en el ao de 1890. Tuvieron y todava tienen un gran renombre los trabajos artsticos de fotografas que dichos
hace
bastantes
aos
of
English
nationality,
Bogot since
1890.
The
photographic work of
known and
highly reputed.
seores hacen.
The
tienen
Fuera de
calle 11
esto,
la
Street,
all
N. 114, donde encuentra Ud. magnficos departamentos con un surtido completo de cmaras y materiales Pianos elctricos, auto-pianos, frescos para fotografa. automviles de varias marcas, bicicletas, cuadros y molduras nas, grabados, oleografas, vidrios planos ingleses,
escopetas finas
paintings,
decorative
cartridges, rifles
cacera, rifles
crystal mirrors,
Also,
large stock
Son tambin agentes exclusivos del maravilloso medicamento para novedades del estmago ANTI-AUTO-TOX.
Kodak Company, R.
S.
Howard
Company,
etc., etc.
las
casas
Eastman
of
factories
States,
Todos sus artculos los garantizan como de primera calidad y los importan directamente de las principales fbricas de Europa y de los Estados Unidos. Apartado No. 459. Direccin telegrfica: Duperlyeb.
Cdigos usados: A. B. C.
I^a
first
P. O. address:
Apartado
4-69.
Telegraph:
Duperlyer.
Code:
A. B. C. 4ih
^d.
edicin.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
casa
licores,
la
ciudad en
la
alimenticias;
The
in the city,
ao de 1874.
Todos
los
qual-
It
was the
first
Fu
que
pas
el
la
primera
al
to import Hennessy
introdujo
brandy to Colombia.
brandy Hen-
nessy.
Ithasnobranches
No
tiene sucurin
sales en
ningn
any part
of the
lu-
gar de la repblica.
republic.
Almacn
de
2a. Calle
Store:
Nos. 377
Florin,
Nos.
377 y 379.
Direccin
tele-
grfica: Valenzuela.
P.
O.
address:
4-
Apartado
graph:
Tele-
Bogot Colombia
426
Valenzuela.
Bogot, Colombia
ANTONIO CASTELLI
ExcELsioR Store
Casa de importacin
de artculos para damas,
caballeros
artculos
Importer of
ladies',
and fancy
gift articles.
Exporter of
Panam
hats, coffee,
y de
ex-
de
fantasa
para regalo, y
portacin
hats,
caf,
de
AU purchases are made abroad directly, and for cash. This enables the store to sell always first-class articles and at very reasonable prices.
Representation of foreign firms anteos and banking references.
accepted.
de
Panam
de
Best gur-
plumas
garza,
tagua,
otros
Bogot, Colombia.
compras
el
directaexterior
mente en
que
pone en
grado
de primera
lo
calidad
equita-
y a precios
ms
tivo de la plaza.
Acepta representaciones de casas extranjeras dando garantas y referencias bancarias. Almacn: 1." Calle Real N ."' 4I8 y 420. Bogot, Colombia.
serias,
PIZANO
Sucesores, por escritura pblica N. 911 de 27 de junio
&
ORTIZ
Dry-Goods
&
Importers
de 1907, de Pablo & Bernardo Pizano E., una de las casas de comercio ms antiguas y acreditadas de Colombia.
telas de lana, de algodn y de seda, paolones, cobertores, encajes, adornos, cintas, fan-
Bernardo Pizano
E.,
Specialties:
Especialidades:
and
mings,
fabrics;
ribbons,
fancy
tasas, etc.
articles, etc.
el
For
the
its
purchases abroad,
generally
ipvith
firm
deals
directljr
manufac-
es-
venta exclusiva de algunos de sus productos en Bogot. Referencias: Bancos de Colombia y de Bogot.
sol
Banks
8."
of
Almacn
N."'
Carrera
Pizanor.
8."
Carrera
Nos.
395 y 397.
:
Telgrafo
Bogot, Colombia.
427
OGOT, Colombia.
G.
HERRERA EUSE
& CO.
Store
Almacn de Mercancas
Est situado en uno de en
los
Dry-Goods
American goods,
Bazar Veracruz.
En l se
encuentra
surtido
directly imported.
Ladies'
and chdren's
articles
un variado
cesas
specialties.
de mercancas fran-
The
store
y americanas
who, owing to
dad
para
en
artculos
Bogot Colombia
seoras
y
re-
tantemente
novado.
Establecido hace
debido
su
actividad
cono-
cimientos
ciales
comerlogrado
entre
los
ha
poner a su establecimiento
BogotI,
Colombia.
la casa
Este almacn se fund en 1876. Es importadora ms antigua de las que hay hasta hoy establecidas en la
capital.
Founded
in 1876.
The
oldest im-
Direct
and
cigarettes,
dulces
finos,
cigarrillos
de
Its articles
and to
firm.
by the
de
ellos
y por
Su almacn
en la Calle
The main
office
store
is
No. 158, calle del correo. Adems de ste tiene una sucursal en la Carrera 8.^ N.^ 411
13,
411
8.^^
(CaUe de Florin).
Telegraph address: Anieto.
Direccin
telegrfica:
Anieto.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
428
DR. LENIDAS
Acreditado dentista, natural de Medelln, Departamento de Antioquia, residente en la ciudad de Bogot, donde tiene montado un gran
gabinete odontolgico. Hizo sus estudios en Filadelfia y en Pars. Ha ejercido su profesin en Medelln y Manizales y desde hace algn tiempo en la ciudad de Bogot, donde debido a sus relevantes cualidades sociales, se ha conquistado inmensa y distinguida clientela y el aprecio y la consideracin de todas las clases sociales.
GMEZ
High-reputed Medelln, Department of Antioquia, dentist residing
Su gabinete est montado con los ms modernos aparatos, siendo su especiadad dientes artificiales y casts.
Dentistera:
Calle 12 N. IOS.
Dr.
tised
Gmez has
his
pracin
profession
Bogot, Colombia.
and
for
and
culture,
he has ac-
patronage and
won
the
all
His
office is
equipped
and
Instru-
His specialties
and
Office:
105 12th
Si.
Bogot, Colombia.
G.
PRADILLA &
ClA.
La casa de G. Pradla & Cia., fundada desde hace 25 aos en San Jos de Costa Rica por su socio gerente, don Gustavo Pradla H., quien en la actualidad ejerce el consulado general de Colombia en aquel pas, ha fundado recientemente una sucui'sal en Bogot, dedicada al ramo de agencias y representaciones de casas extranjeras. Actualmente dicha sucursal se encuentra servida por otro de sus socios, seor Antonio Mara Pradilla, quien desde su fundacin y con su larga prctica comercial adquirida en Europa y los Estados Unidos, ha logrado colocarla en lugar preferente como firma comercial y bancaria. Entre las numerosas representaciones que actualmente
impulsan en Colombia, podemos citar las siguientes: Mancha & Co., banqueros y comisionistas, Londres; Edn Fisher & Co., papelera y artculos de escritorio, Londres; Rabone Bros. & Co., artculos de quincallera, Birmingham; Cowdrey & Co., banqueros y comisionistas, New York; Ford Motor Company, automviles de su mismo nombre, Detroit; United States Rubber Export Co., artculos de caucho, New York; Avery Company, autocamiones de su mismo nombre, Chicago; V. V. Lebedje Engineering & Supply Co., proveedores de toda clase de materiales de construccin, New York. Se habla espaol, y ingls francs. Las oficinas matrices de San Jos de Costa Rica tienen a su cargo tambin numerosas e importantes representaciones de ndole semejante.
The house of G. PradiUa & Company was founded in San Jos, Costa Rica, 25 years ago by its managing partner Don Gustavo Pradilla, who at present is Colombian cnsul general in that country. The firm has recently established a branch in Bogot, the business of which is to serve as an agent and representative of foreign firms. That branch is at present managed by Mr. Antonio Mara Pradilla who is also a partner, and who, on account of his long commercial experience in Europe and the United States, has made of the firm a leading commercial and banking institution.
Among the many firms represented by G. Pradilla & Company are the foUowing: Mancha & Company, bankers and commission merchants, London; Edn Fisher & Company, stationer, London; Rabone Bros. & Company, hardware dealers, Birmingham; Cowdrey & Company, bankers and commission merchants, New York; Ford Motor Company, automobile makers, Detroit; United States Rubber Export
Company, manufacturers of rubber articles, New York; Avery Company, motor truck manufacturers, Chicago; V. V. Lebedjeff Engineering & Supply Company, materials of construction, New York. Spanish, English and French spoken.
The San Jos main office is also the representative of a great leading firms of similar character.
many
429
Proprietors:
Bogot, Colombia. Calle 14 iV." 92-9SA y 92B. Apartado de Correos No. 696. Direccin telegrfica Gamherto. Este establecimiento, fundado apenas hace 4 aos, fu montado con maquinaria y elementos modernos, para la produccin de trabajos tipogrficos finos y de arte, habiendo alcanzado en tan poco tiempo un notable desarrollo, debido al favor que le ha dispensado la numerosa clientela que lo favorece con sus rdenes en todo el pas. Cuenta siempre con un gran surtido de tiles para escritorio, papeles para imprenta y cartonaje que introduce de Europa y Estados Unidos
en grandes cantidades. El ramo de industrias est dividido en 7 secciones as: tipografa, grabado, sellos de caucho, timbres en alto y bajo relieve, tarjetas para visitas en todas sus diversas clases, fbrica de libros y cuadernos en blanco, encuademacin y rayado de papeles.
Nos. 92, 92 A and 92 B lJ,lh Street, Bogot, Colombia. P. O. Address; Apartado 696.
Telegraph: Gamberto. Pounded only four years ago, with modern machinery and other elements, for the performance of fine, artistic typographic work. In this short time it has achieved great prosperity, owing to the numerous patronage it has secured throughout the republic. Large assortment of stationery articles, printing paper, and cardboard, introduced in large quantities from Europe and the United
States.
The industrial department is divided into the following sections: typography, engraving, rubber and other stamps, all kinds of visiting cards, manufacture of blank books, and book binding and paper ruling.
A.
ClA.
en son
el
ao
de
Al-
1912, y de la que
socios
berto Manrique
Martn y
qun
Joa-
Fonseca.
Engineering office founded in 1912, its partners being Mr. Alberto Manrique Martin and Mr. Joaqun Fonseca. It employs several engineers for different kinds of work. The office is run according to modern methods, and has a cashier, bookkeeper, inspecting engineer managing engineer, draftsmen, etc. The company has carpentry, machine and blacksmith shops, and a shop for the manufacture of floor tiles and ornamental materials. Representatives of American firms.
Office:
Cuenta con un
grupo de ingenieros que trabajan en varios
oficina
Street.
Bogot, Colombia.
contabiinspector
lista,
de obras, encar-
gado de obras,
dibujantes, etc.,
etc.
Adems
que
taller
de
mecnica y
herrera, fabricacin
de mosaicos,
la profesin.
e-'
tt,5r^wit-j^vsi4-.Tr_-
Casa Marconi.
Bogot, Colombia.
430
DR.
A.
J.
SNCHEZ
Founded
for.
& ClA
in 1905.
Fundada en 1905. Esta oficina se encarga de gestiones judiciales y administrativas. Representacin de casas extranjeras. Movimiento de fincas races. Colocacin de dinero a inters. Cobro de letras de crdito. Registro de marcas de fbrica. Solicitud de patentes y privilegios de invencin. Adjudicacin de baldos. Colocacin y despacho de mercaderas. Consecucin de minas, etc., etc. Esta casa es la ms antigua y la que presenta mejores referencias de honorabilidad. Tiene agentes en Nueva York y en las principales
ciudades del pas.
Carrera 9 N."" S77 y 279. Calle de las Cumias. Telfono N. 366. Bogot, Colombia.
Takes charge of legal and administrative matters. Real estte business. Money placed at Trademarks registered. Patents applied Public-land grants. Sale and shipment of merchandise. Mines
etc., etc.
is
This
as to its
the oldest firm, and the one that can offer the best references respectabity. It has agents in New York and in the prin-
Bogot, Colombia.
Fundada en
el
ao de 1877 por
el
seor
es-
correas
de trasmisin.
la
maquinaria necesaria
Founded
French
It
in 1877
citizen,
all
tans
and power
all
belts, all
guaranteed.
It is
equipped with
necessary
machinery.
431
Bogot
ame
Drug Store
in 1914.
Propietarios
actuales:
Aniceto
Manuel
Founded
Present owners:
Razn
Venta de drogas
las
of firm:
mejores casas
and
American
turers.
Specialties:
la
and
the
famous
Bogot
afamada
de
crema
Bogot,
AJ these
la
misma
El negocio est
uno de
los socios.
Servicio
especial de frmulas.
Droguera:
la
Avenida de
471.
tado 843.
Telegraph:
Repblica
:
Por
telgrafo
Guzmanes.
C5.'^
Guzmanes.
digos, Lieber
y A. B. C.
edicin.
Telfono N. 950.
843.
Apartado N.
Telephone: 950.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
Situated in the city of Bogot, capital o the repubUc. Founded nearly four years ago by Messrs. Carlos Tavera R. and Ricardo Fonseca B., with considerable capital. Later Dr. Jos Ruiz G., a physician and surgeon, Mr. Francisco Gonzlez A., and Mr. Enrique Tavera After these gentleSalazar, became active members of the company. men joined the company, to which they brought considerable funds, and owing besides to the great profits it has made, it has today a very
large capital. The firm imports drugs, chemicals, pharmaceutical instruments, and patent medicines. It has the neoessary elements for propaganda and distribution throughout the country, of any articles entrusted to it. It acts as the representative of foreign firms, and can give first-class references from banking institutions. It has had business relations
de la importacin de drogas, productos qumicos y farmacuticos, tUes para farmacias y especficos patentados. Cuenta con elementos para la propaganda y distribucin en todo el pas de cualquier preparado que se le consigne, se encarga de la representacin de casas extranjeras y tiene muy buenas referencias de casas bancarias. Ha tenido negocios con casas importantes de Europa y Estados Unidos, y quiz es la ms versada del pas en los negocios de drogas. Droguera: Calle 10, N."^ 206 y SOS.
Se ocupa
la casa
with important European and American firms, and best-posted firm of its kind in the republic.
Store: 206 and SOS lOth Street. P. O. address: Apartado 706.
is
probably the
Por telgrafo, Trbol. Apartado de correos No. 706. Cdigos usados: Lieber y A. B. C. quinta Bogot, Colombia.
Telegraph:
edicin.
Tresbol.
Codes:
ed.
432
droguera de
En
el
h.
seis aos, fu abierto al pblico farmacia, que con regularidad ha estado funcionando desde esta lejana poca. El pblico ha venido favorecindolo con su confianza, siendo muy crecido el nmero de
IPi^HiR^lPBBIHHHBBWiSJ^^n m.r'^mm^^^^m^sm^msmuit
i
frmulas mdicas que se despachan. Por su parte la droguera ha hecho por corresponder a su selecta clientela, teniendo el ms cuidadoso esmero en ''O^a preparacin
At present, several specialties are sold which, having been thoroughly tested for a long time, have given excellent results. The pharmacy prepares also several medicinal syrups and wines, all made by strictly scientific methods and with ingredients of the purest quality, one of their main advantages being that they are not affected by any climate.
IGS Bolvar Square, Bogot, Colombia.
P. O. address:
con
gran
Apartado 138.
Telegraph:
Demaldo.
**^
I
Hi^^H I^^WITTTnil ^^3 'HH IIBB^B ^^HninDll h^SSi ^^Bii lIM^'n lalH
'^
~
^
^^^1 ^^^H
siempre
'^^
^^H
-iia^
-w^^'s^mg^^m^m^m^i^gmt
i/'
-
KU^-yij
m.
...
I"^^^ ONADO^^' U U S
M^^ '
'
'
micos
cuticos,
farmasiendo
A A A ^^^f^- ;"*
'
,'
esto es lo que
todos los artculos que expende de las mejores calidades y marcas y sus precios
los
ms bajos. Todo
ha hecho alcanzar su mejor crdito y confianza. Despus de mltiples y satisfactorios resultados, est vendiendo algunas especialidades que han tenido xito completo y cuya demanda es cada da mayor. Produce adems jarabes y viuOs medicinales, todo
preparado cientficamente, garantizando su elaboracin con materias primas de primera calidad, y su conservacin en cualquier clima. Farmacia: Plaza de Bolvar N. 168. Apartado de correos: N. 138.
Telgrafo:
Pl^
_
r
.^
& Company.
'**
Demaldo.
Bogot, Colombia.
H1l'.^i
4,;:*:':
Ca.
Tanto la droguera como el almacn fueron fundados en el ao de 1866 por los seores Samper Urbibe & Ca. Son de las casas importadoras ms antiguas que hay en la capital
de
la repblica.
Samper Uribe
Both the pharmacy and the dry-goods store were founded in 1866 by Messrs. Samper Uribe & Company. They figure among the oldest
importing houses in the capital of the republic.
Sinee its foundation, the pharmacy has taken special pains to sell nothing but drugs and chemicals made by the best foreign firnis. Veterinary remedies a specialty. A large variety of perfumes and
Desde
venta
jeras. las
la
En
fundacin de la droguera se han esmerado en poner a la drogas y productos qumicos de las mejores casas extranEspecialidad artculos para industrias tienen gran variedad.
en medicinas veterinarias. En materia de perfumera y artculos para tocador tienen gran variedad. Para el almacn importan los mejores artculos de seda, lana y algodn para seoras y caballeros. Su droguera, como su almacn, est situada en el centro del
comercio de Bogot.
toet articles.
silk,
for
and gentlemen.
store are situated in the
com-
433
.MONTOYA, PATINO
Comisiones
Casa fundada en 1906.
fbricas.
& ClA,
Banking
Repbesentations
in
Banca
Me. Kinnon
Representaciones
Commission
Founded
1906.
Agentes de:
Wm.
&
Ruston_
Proctor
Westinghouae Electric
S. A.;
West India
Gil
& Mfg. Co., New York; Co., New York; The Stude-
Wm. McKinnon & Company, Aberdeen, Scotland. Ruston, Proctor & Co., Ltd., Lincoln, England. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., New
Geo. L. Squier Manufacturing Co., Buffalo, U.
S.
York.
A.
se
A.
West India
Departamento de Consignaciones. Este departamento
sin de frutos del pas
Oil
ocupa en
la
venta en comi-
America, U.
aells
S.
A.
all home products and proand advances funda on their
artculos de
consumo.
The department
visions.
of
consignments
on commission
de sus cosechas y
les
consignments.
Se envan a solicitud
los
Terms and
rules sent
on request.
Cable and telegraph:
Monpati.
P. O. address:
Apartado 447.
Bogot, Colombia.
TURRI AGO
Importacin, Exportacin, Comisiones
Casa que
la
& CI A
Importers,
se
ocupa principalmente en
la
advances money on
It
a los agricultores
has
venta de sus cosechas. Cuenta con largos aos de experiencia; tiene amplios y ventilados depsitos, tolvas adecuadas para el almacenaje de los frutos; personal hbil y competente para diligenciar las ventas y con una numerosa clientela compradora, que los pone en condiciones de colocar los artculos a los mejores precios y en el menor tiempo posible. A solicitud, envan reglamentos.
years' experience;
competent
sales,
and a very
large patronage,
which
in the
its articles
and
Terms and
rules sent
on request.
Representatives of American
Representan casas americanas y europeas manufactureras, muy importantes, de herramienta y maquinaria agrcola e industrial y de toda clase de productos de caucho. Cuentan con magnficos
of
and
tools,
industrial
machinery and
and
all
The
corre-
and active
activos
corresponsales
spondents
in
Apartado
Telegraph: Ve tuco.
Cdigo:
A. B. C. 5. edicin.
ed.
Bogot
484
S.
la
Tiene desde hace 30 aos establecida en esta ciudad una casa para la compra y venta de toda clase de frutos del pas. Dicha casa est situada actualmente en la esquina de la Plaza de Nario y la Avenida Coln, segn aparece en la vista que se publica. Direccin telegrfica: Ramiro. Calle 13 N." 304 CTelfono No. 292. Bogot, Colombia.
Mr. Jos Mara Ramrez S. has made a specialty of agriand cattle raising. During the last 30 years, he has had in this city a house for the purchase and sale of This house is located on all kinds of domestic products. the crner of Nario Square and Coln Avenue, as shown
culture
l^y
the illustration.
Street.
S04 C. ISth
Telegraph:
Ramiro.
Telephone
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
artculos de consumo. Esta casa de comercio fu fundada en 1907. Es productora de las mejores harinas de trigo. Tiene su especialidad en la que lleva la marca "La Camelia," de cahdad insuperable. La produccin mensual es de 800 a 1000 cargas de harinas finas, que consume ntegramente su clientela. Todas sus harinas fueron premiadas con medalla de oro y diploma de primera clase en la Exposicin de 1910. Adems de las harinas, tiene permanentemente en sus depsitos propios, muchos artculos de consumo, como cacao, arroz, azcar, jabones, espermas, maicena, etc. Ventas por mayor. Compras permanentes de trigo. Direccin telegrfica: Dricel. Apartado No. S88. Telfono 313. Calle 11 N." S64A, 366A.
Almacn general de
Bogot, Colombia.
435
"LA COMERCIAL"
Agencia general de negocios y comisiones. Gran miscelnea de mercancas de todas clases, menos comestibles; fundada en
el
ao de 1908.
Ezequiel G. Bernal, dueo de esta empresa, se encarga de la representacin de casas extranjeras y de la venta especial de artculos de nueva invencin de marcas registradas y patentadas.
Para cumplir con este ofrecimiento cuenta con amalmacenes en la parte ms central de la ciudad de Bogot; con numerosa clientela que da lugar a empleados, diez y ocho quienes tienen que trabajar desde las siete de la maana hasta las nueve de la noche, para atenderla, y cuya proplios
General and cormnission business. All kinds of goods, except foodstuffs. Founded in 1908. Mr. Ezequiel G. Bernal, the owner of the concern, acts as representative of foreign firms. He also sells newly-invented patented articles. For carrying on his He has business, he has large stores in the most central parfc of the city of Bogot. a large patronage, and employs 18 persons, who work from 7 in the morning to 9 in the evening. The proverbial honesty of the firm has won for it so great a reputaThe tion, that it has entered into more than 200,000 contracts, as shown by its files. firm constantly keeps one-half page advertisements in the principal newspapers of the city. The manager is registered as a member of the Chamber of Commerce under No. 9. His books are registered in, conformity with Colombian laws. The business is insured for a large amount with European insurance companies, and has paid its premiums up to 1923. It discusses commercial propositions of importance with the co-operation of some of the most reliable firms, having for the purpose a capital of 50,000 dollars at its disposal. It sells gold, jewels, diamonds, all kinds of watches, ready-made clothes, and other dentists', physicians', engineera', machinists', agriarticles for men and women; culturists', blacksmiths', shoemakers' Instruments and tools; printed music, musical Instruments, furniture, etc.
Main
oflBce
and
store:
Street.
Telegraph: Bernaleze.
Bogot, ^Colombia.
ha dado
celebren
desde su fundacin ms de 200,000 contratos por valor de muchos millones de pesos oro, como se puede ver por
su archivo.
anuncios
Cmara de Comercio
una casa de seguros europea y paga sus primas hasta Oye propuestas de negocios en compaa con casas respetabilsimas, contando para ello con un capital de $50,000 oro. Vende permanentemente joyas de oro con brillantes, relojes de todas clases, ropa hecha y dems artculos para hombre y para seora; artculos para dentistas, mdicos,
ingenieros,
mecnicos,
agricultores,
herreros,
zapateros,
msica impresa,
---^ instru-
mentos de msica, muebles, etc. Agencia y almacenes: Calle 9.a N.os 186 y 186A.
Direccin telegrfica:
BERNALBZE,
Telfono
N.o 362.
Bogot, Colombia.
FRANCISCO SUREZ
Bogot, Colombia
E.
Agent,
Agente.
Comisionista.
Represen-
the
Marqus
del
Real Tesoro,
Spain.
de Espaa.
Habiendo recorrido
la
Repblica de
Having traveled extensively in the Republic of Colombia, Mr. Surez has a thorough knowledge of the conditions of its
cial centers.
He
accepts
all
kinds of
representations,
references.
offering
irst-class
primera
ltimamente ha sido agente del Libro Azul de Colombia en los Departamentos Norte y Sur de Santander, puesto
He has of late been an agent for the Blue Book of Colombia in the Departments of Santander del Norte and Santander del Sur, a position in which he excelled for his commendable devotion, honesty, and good judgment.
en
el
436
LUIS ROJAS
Fotgrafo con muchos aos de prctica. Se
BORDA
Photographer.
Many years'
Lowest
experience. Photo-
extranjeros.
Solicita
Precios los
ms
bajos.
toda clase de
cals
and newspapers.
prices.
correspondencia en espaol.
Bogot, Republic
of Colombia.
The largest and best organized factory in Colombia. The buding it occupies is located in the suburban town
it is
of Chapinero;
the company's property, and was erected from plans that carne from Europe with the machinery. It therefore combines all scientific, sanitary and safety conditions required bv a good industrial establishment. It is absolutely safe from fire. It is located the center of a large lot, with considerable ground between it and the nearest dwellin-' " houses.
This company manufactures wood and wax matches of all classes, and, as its daily output is exceedingly large, it can afford to sell at th lowest prices. Factory: No. 528 Carrera 13 {Chapinero). General Office: 104 and 104a 16th Street {Santander Square). P. O. address: Apartado 367. Telegraph: Match. Bogot, Colombia,
ROBERTO
Gran
taller
W.
ALFORD
Great machine and foundry works,
tablished in this city
es-
Bogot, Colombia
de mecnica y fundicin, esla
many
aos y situado en
Carrera 15 N.
2.
located at No.
2 Carrera 15.
Cuenta con un nmero considerable de obreros competentes en el ramo para todo el trabajo que se le confe.
Se encarga del montaje y reparacin de toda clase de maquinaria. El seor Alford, dueo del
taller, es
command
a considerable
number
of
com-
petent specialist workers forallkinds of work that may be entrusted to it. Installation
and repairing
of all
kinds of machinery.
de na-
cionalidad inplesa, y se ha captado las simpatas de todas las personas que lo han ocupado, por su caballerosidad, honradez y
estricto
Mr. Alford, the owner of the works, is of English nationality. and by his courteousness, honesty and strict attention to business
cumplimiento en
el
trabajo.
won the esteem of all those who have had dealings with him. He is also agent for several American and Europcan machinery firiiis. and wil| act as rcp rosen tative of any
has
others.
Acepta representaciones.
y situada en
de
la
Manager: Julio G. Ribn, Transportation and eommission business estabUshed 10 years ago, and located at the Savanna RaUroad Station. Branch ofiices at
Girardot.
It transfers and ships freight, baggage, pareis, money, and mail from and to Gkardot, Purificacin, Neiva, Ibagu, Ambalema, San Lorenzo, Mariquita, Manizales, Honda, Puerto Berro, Medelln, Cartagena, Barranqula, Santa Marta, and foreign countries. Railroad and river-boat tickets sold.
y champanes, a
Girardot,
Purificacin,
Neiva,
Ibagu,
Santa Marta,
el exterior,
y de
Esta agencia da
al
&
Ca., agentes
de vapores
Magdalena, y por
los gerentes
This concern guarantees good service, and is highly recommended by Messrs. Pineda Lpez & Company, agents for the Magdalena steamboats, and by the managers of the Girardot, Savanna, North and South railroads.
Telephone. 452.
BoqotX.
437
HOTEL COTE
Hotel establecido en
la
nombre de Hotel
Founded in the
ago,
ltimamente con
el
de Hotel Cote.
10 con carrera 6", contigua
Est situado en
al
la calle
and formerly known as Hotel Metropolitano. Located at lOth Street and Carrera 6^, next to the
capitel,
y frente al Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. La casa es amplia y siempre bien atendida, pues
el servicio es
and opposite the Department of Foreign Affairs. The building is large and the service is of the best
that can be had in the city of Bogot.
de
lo
Es
el hotel
por
This
is
y tambin donde se
es
and
also
The
doa Cenara Cote,
proprietress,
Doa Cenara
Cote,
a lady
Su
propietaria, la seora
simpatas en nuestra
MIGUEL
Cigarrera
Agencia General de Cigarros y Cigarrillos. Es sta la ms antigua y acreditada cigarrera de Bogot; pues cuenta ya con 40 aos de existenseor don Andrs cia. Perteneci primeramente al
A.
DlAZ
Store
General cigar and cigarette dealers. This is the oldest and highest-reputed cigar store in Bogot, having been in existence 40 years. It first belonged to Mr. Andrs Toro. He owned it for 25 years, at the end of which he sold hia business to the present owner, who has had it for
15 yeara.
Cigar
Toro por 25 aos, quien cedi luego sus negocios al que ofrece al pblico desde hace 15 aos su nume. cigarriroso, fresco y variado surtido de cigarros y gran nmero jlos de todas las fbricas del pas, y de las extranjeras; pipas y boquillas, un variado
surtido;
fsforos,
and
foreign malees;
pipes, cigar
dulces y
matches, stearic candles, stationery, confectionery, fancy boxes, and many other foreign
holders,
muchos
artculos extranjeros
del pas.
and
doraestic articles.
Para ms completos datos, dirjanse a Miguel A. N.os S87 y SS9. Daz. Cigarrera; 4fl Calle Beal
Bogot, Colombia.
For further particulars, address Miguel A. Daz, Nos. 387 and 389 4h Calle Real, Bogot, Colombia.
Composed
It
of
con
el
ramo
musical.
Cuenta con
un
selecto
y abundante
repertorio,
y garantiza
satisfy the
most exacting
taste.
satisfacer el
ms
refinado gusto.
Street,
Bogot, Colombia.
N. 87.
Bogot, Colombia.
HERMOGENES ORTEGA
Taller de Talabartera
Es uno de los talleres ms antiguos en este ramo de la ciudad de Bogot; pues fu fundado
en el ao de 1SS3 por su actual propietario. Tiene para la venta galpagos para hombre y seora, sillas chocontanas y todos los aperos Sacos concernientes a una buena montura. de viaje. Especialidad en zamarros de todas
formas. Los materiales enpleados en la fabricacin
Saddlery
One
by
its
present owner.
men's and women'a English aaddles; Chocont saddles, and all kinds of saddlc accessoriea. Satchels and leggings of all kinds
It sells also
a specialty.
de sus artculos son de primera caUdad. Se encarga de hacer cualquier despacho por correo al punto que se solicite. Puntualidad y esmero en el trabajo: garantiza todo esto la antigedad de la casa.
Direccin:
grafo: Ojo.
The materials uaed are firat-clasa. Ordera shipped to any part in the country. Prompt and careful work. 253 and 255 12th Street, Telegraph: Ojo. Bogot, Colombia
Calle
12
N.os 253-255.
Tel-
BogotA, Colombia.
438
MARTIN DlAZ
Cuenta esta fbrica con la mejor y ms moderna maquinaria que se ha introducido al pas para la
elaboracin de cigarrillos.
& CO.
Bogotana" and
This factory has the best and most modern machinery imported into the country for the manufacture of cigarettes.
Its producs are characterized by their freshness, aroma, and neat appearance. In connection with the factory, the firm keeps a store at No. 274 F Carrera 9^
Para
una agencia
N. 274 F.
BogotI,
Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
Esta empresa,
Stock company.
Shop
installed
ttulos
de acciones,
clases,
eti-
quetas
de todas
avisos
en
colores, etc.
Apartado de correos:
Calle 12,
567.
nmero
330.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
JENARO GALINDO
Taller de zapatera establecido en el ao de 1872 en la ciudad de Bogot, figurando por lo tanto como el ms antiguo entre los de su clase; situado en la calle 12
N.' 219-221.
Bogot.
in
It
is
therefore
one
of
the
oldest
the country.
Located at 219-
garantizando toda obra que se le confe, para lo cual cuenta con materiales de
work.
States.
all
MANUEL
Abogado, Agente,
Ejerce su profesin en Bogot hace cerca de 20 aos en
la Calle 13
A.
PUYO
Agent, Commission Merchant.
practiced his profession in Bogot, 121
ComisionistaLawyer,
Has
13th Street,
capital, sale
N. 121.
for 20 years.
tales
como:
caliente,
etc.
ya sean para
la
milis.
Da
iron,
lime and
minas de
oro,
other mines.
hierro, cal, etc.
is
a native of Carniceras,
Department
of Huila,
Popayn.
Bogot, Colombia.
439
Bogot, Colombia.
y Expor-
Apartado N."
161, Bogot,
Colombia
inter-
comerciantes,
agricultores.
la
termediary
firma Herlas
Edificio de propiedad de
chants,
and
agriculturists.
mann
Hederich,
donde estn
oficinas,
building
erich.
the property of
it
muestrarios, depsitos
y almacenes
del
De-
In
psito Industrial.
Universidad
Nacional.
Gradate lawyer
versity.
of
the National
Uni-
P.
O.
address:
Telegraph: Robotero.
ed
to.
plied
Claims laid
ROMN VEGA
Comisionista y agente matriculado, el seor R. Vega es corredor de letras y papeles de crdito, acciones de banco, etc. desde hace ms de 20 aos. Su oficina est situada en la calle 13 N. 196, a media cuadra de la oficina de correos, de los principales bancos de la ciudad, etc. El seor Vega goza del mejor crdito en el comercio de la
capital.
S.
Has been a
His
office is
the post-office and the principal banks of the city of Bogot. Mr. Vega enjoys high credit among the commercial concerns
of the capital.
y plata, acciones de bancos, y compaas annimas. Se encarga de la consecucin y colocacin de dinero a inters. Compra y vende giros sobre el exterior, documentos de crdito pbhco, cdulas hipotecarias, vales del tesoro y cdulas del tranva.
Bogot, Colombia.
oro
and other stock bought. Foreign drafts, pubdocuments, mortgage deeds, treasury bonds, and
coins,
bank
shares,
tramway
shares.
Bogot, Colombia.
ClA.
Importera.
Calle Real.
articles.
Store located at Nos. 325, 325 A and 325 B Third Constantly renewed stock ofmen's, ladies', and children's
Specialtes,
EngUsh
also,
hats,
and
ladies*
underwear.
Ventas por mayor y al detal. Vestidos sastre para seoras y nios de 5 a 14 aos; adems, ropa de dril y algodn. En este almacn encuentra el comprador un variado surtido de cobijas de lana y de algodn, lo mismo que todo artculo para bebs: ajuares, calzado, sombreros, vestidos, ropones, etc. Ropa interior de algodn y de lana para hombres, camisas, cuellos, corbatas, bastones, guantes,
etc.
Wholesale and retail. Tailor suits for ladies and children between and 14 years of age; also Unen and cotton ready-made clothes. Varied assortment of wool and cotton blankets, infants' articles, Gentlemen's cotton and woolen shoes, clothes, bath robes, etc.
5
underwear,
shirts,
collars,
neckties,
gloves,
walking
sticks,
etc.
Roberto Herrera
La
los
Grecque, el
ms
Ca. son agentes exclusivos del famoso cors suave, cmodo y elegante que se fabrica hoy en
&
Estados Unidos.
Ayartado de correos N. 937, Telgrafo; Robereuse. Colombia. Cdigos: A. B. C. 5^, edicin y Samper 2^.
BogotX^
O. address:
Robereuse. Codes: A. B.
Apartado 937, BogotX, Colombia. 5th ed, and Samper 2nd ed.
440
and 287 Carrera 7, Bogot, was founded February owner, Antonio Reyes Otero. At first, the business was camed on on a one of the most important in the capital, a place to it is small scale. Today, however, which its owner has raised it by constant effort and a careful study o the needs of its
The
20 1901, by
numerous patrons.
_.
__
__
house has no
Hacen parte del surtido otros como cuellos y puos, corbatas, paraguas, ropa interior, y en general casi todos los que un caballero puede necesitar. Tambin hay muchos artculos para seoras. Anexos al almacn estn sus grandes talleres de sastrera, esmeradamente servidos, y que ofrecen absoluta garanta en todo sentido. Una de las causas del notable desarrollo de esta casa, aparte del esmero y buen gusto en la eleccin de los artculos, es su lema que GA A'.l/? cumple siempre rehgiosamente
competencia.
artculos,
experts, respect.
is guaranteed in every of the causes of the rapid development of this house, besides the great care and taste in the selection of ts goods,
whose work
One
is
its
de\'iates;
sell
importa sus mercancas de las mejores fbricas y en muy buenas condiciones, no hay quien pueda competir con ella bajo nin-
Como
gn
MUY
much.
As
it
imports
its
best factories, and on the best terms, there b no other firm that can compete with it in
any
respect.
ANTORREYES. Direccin telegrfica: Telfono N. 72. Apartado de correos N." 92. Bogot, Colombia.
respecto.
P. O. Address: Colombia.
Apartado 92,
Bogot,
Telegraph:
Aniorreyes.
Telephone: 72.
WILLS PRADILLA
La
casa de los seores
J.
Wills Pradilla
& Ca. ha
The
& Company
has in
logrado merecer en corto tiempo el ms decidido favor del pblico elegante y ha entrado en ventajosa competencia
a short time
lic,
won
con los dems almacenes que venden artculos para caballeros. Sus mercancas son importadas directamente de Unidos y Espaa.
Sus mercanal por mayor y al detal. no son las de precios ms bajos, pero s son las ms baratas en relacin con la excelente calidad y buen gusto que las distingue. Son especialistas en artculos para hombre.
Venden
Wholesale and
retail trade.
Its
cas
and
style.
Men's
ar-
a specialty.
store is situated at 155 12th Street, a
J.
Wills Pradilla
comercial, en el
got.
Ca. estn situados en la realmente hermosa y muy centro mismo de la ciudad de Bo-
&
The
some
hand-
street
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
Situado en la
548.
3.
ao de 1904. La especialidad de este almacn consiste en toda clase de artculos para hombres, seoras y
Fundado en
el
Founded
all
1904.
Makes a
specialty of
kinds of articles for men, ladies and children, and carries a large variety of
gift
articles.
nios
y gran variedad de artculos de Todo esto lo introduce directamente de Europa y los Estados
fantasa para regalo.
fancy
States.
Everything directly
i.nported from
P. O. address:
Unidos.
Bogot, Colombia.
JORGE
Bogot, Colombia
E.
Importacin
mayor de
canas
Direct importation.
n
Wholesale dealers
English,
Spanish,
American
and
ItaUan f abrios.
Especialidad en porcelana
artculos
specialties.
de esmaltes.
Direccin telegrfica:
Nassar.
Apartado Sil.
Telegraph:
"Nassar."
441
LIBIO
VLEZ
"ClGARREBA SaNTANDER"
& ClA.
SANTANDER
CiGAR StoRE
Almacn situado en
los N.=
la
Calle
12,
en
The
firm
sells
American and
keeps
Tiene
domestic
cotton
articles.
It
Samac
cigars,
cigarros,
que vende
fabrics,
al
por maj'or y
and
both
exoellent
detal.
which
retail.
are
sold
wholesale
all
and
punto de
Orders shipped to
parts of
the republic.
carros,
Direccin telegi'fica:
Bogot,
Telegraph:
Velezco,
Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
FAENZA
1
Fbrica de loza, fundada en Bogot, el de enero de 1901 por sus actuales proseores Jos
pietarios,
Chinaware works founded in Bogot, 1, 1901, by its present owners, Mr. Jos Mara Saz and Jos Mara Montoya.
January
AJ kinds of table
electric
clase de artculos de loza para mesa, tazas para inodoros, artculos para empresas de energa elctrica, etc.
china,
etc.
china bowls,
Tanto
las
minas de
arcilla,
como
las
Both the and the workmen's houses belong to the enterprise, which today does business under the ame of Jos Mara Saz &
accessories,
etc.,
clay fields
Actualmente gira bajo la razn social de Jos Mara Saz & Co. Direccin de correos y telgrafos Faensa. Bogot, Colombia.
:
Company.
P. O.
Faenza.
Bogot, Colombia.
Agent and
Commission Mekchant
ao de
1905,
ffff^'TTTrur
House founded
in
156.
Agencia de transportes de
LA DORADA
vas de Girardot
to
Bogot by way of
la representacin
de casas
Foreign
articles
firms
represented,
and export
y de
la
compra de
artculos de
bought.
exportacin.
P. O. address:
Apartado 1007.
Cable:
edicin.
Cable:
Manez.
Code:
A. B. C. 5th
ed.
Telfono 879.
Telephone- 879.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
442
Gmez
La
vista
que aparece en
la
este
grabado
muestra
el
casa
de
The
illustration
shows
Mr.
habitacin y
molino de proseor
Januario
Gmez 's
on 15th
dwelling house
Street,
piedad
del
Januario
la Calle 15.
and
mili,
Bogot
Gmez, situados en
Bogot, Colombia.
Colombia.
HIJOS
M. MORENO'S SONS
its
Founded in 1872 by Mr. Antonio M. Moreno. Since foundation, it has constantly grown, and today is considered one of the leading houses importing glassware, china, Japanese novelties, electrical devices, and The great prosperity of the all kinds of gift articles. firm is due to the honesty and untiring devotion of Mr. Moreno, snior, qualities that his sons have inherited.
The house has two branches, one at Socorro and the other at iSan Vicente de Chucur. It exports coffee and hides on a large acale. The firm is the sol agent for D. C. Heath & Company publishers of primary and secondary text books, and having offices in New York, Boston, Chicago, and London.
Store:
Street.
Almacn:
Direccin fono 1244.
P. O. address:
Apartado 2S1.
Moreno.
Apartado 221.
Tel-
Telegraph: Moreno.
Telephone 1244.
Bogot, Colombia.
BoaoT, Colombia.
Founded ia
1910.
Located in an cid colonial building on Bogot's prinnow Carrera This pubUshing house has special machinery for 7a).
pamphlets, leafwith or without illustrationa, in styles varying Neat, ^rom the most ordinary to the most select cheap and prompt work.
con o sin ilustraciones, desde lo ms fino hasta lo corriente, en las mejores condiciones de nitidez, baratura y cumplimiento.
Edita
ntera
la
monumental obra
las
histrica
ARCHIVO
clase
SANTANDER,
(ao
XXIX), La
This house is printing the monumental historical work Archivo Santander and the famous periodicals Afiales de Ingeniera (ao XXIX), La Odontologa
colombiana (ao VIII), Revista Jurdica (ao VIII). Also binding. All kinds of typographic work done.
Toda
de tra-
bajos de tipografa.
Taller de encuademacin.
Send
for
list.
443
LUIS JORGE
"Almacn Nuevo"
Situado en la 2a. Calle de Florin N. 230 y el que importa directamente: brandy y vinos de todas clases, cigarrillos, espermas, frutas y carnes conservadas. Tiene un surtido constantemente renovado de cajas de fantasa con galletas y dulces. Confites en inmensa variedad de El nico almacn que las mejores casas productoras.
diariamente obsequia parte de sus utilidades entre clientela. Pida Ud. lista de precios.
la
SNCHEZ
New
store, located at
Complete assort-
The only
store that
daUy presents
for price
list.
its
customers
with some of
its profits.
Ask
P. O. address:
Direccin telegrfica Jorsan. Aparlado de. correos 416. Telfonos N."^ 2^1 y 13S6. Cdigo: A. B. C. 5a. edicin.
Telegraph:
Jorsan.
Code:
A. B. C. Sth ed.
Bogot, Colombia.
Telephone:
Nos.
2U
and 1386.
C.
En
Es
este gran
DE LA ESPRIELLA
This large store
the best glass panes, paintings,
It
is
almacn
se
renombrado y
delicioso
los
and building
materials.
whisky Javelins, de
seores.
made by the
well
known
A. Ferguson
&
Co.,
Ltd.,
de
Glasgow,
&
Escocia.
The
la calle 13 N."*
store
is
Street,
200 y 202,
CARLOS PAREDES
Almacn
establecido en Bogot hace algunos aos.
se
Su propietario actual
ltima
ha esmerado en poner a
la
venta
3'
Its
de
sell
nothing
Especialidad
but
irst-class
en
calzado
nios.
Sombreros
para
ladies.
Ladies'
all
kinds of men's
hombres de todas
mantillas.
Also perfumes.
323 y 323 A.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia
Emiua de Cabo
Esta acreditada casa, fundada hace 10 aos por la seora Adela Amig, hoy de la seora Emilia de Cabo, se encarga de la confeccin de vestidos sastres, de ceremonia, de novia, etc., y pone especial esmero a los pedidos para los departamentos, para lo cual ha ensanchado
nuevas modistas para atender con prontitud todo pedido que se le
sus
talleres
ments, etc.
its
tiene
who
haga.
Telegraph: Amigo.
Casa:
Calle
Por
telgrafo:
13
N."
P.
O.
address:
Aparlado
97.
Bogot, Colombia.
444
JUAN
B.
PAEZ E HIJOSJUAN
Comerciantes
-Merchants
B.
Almacn establecido hace cerca de 10 aos y en el que su dueo se ha esmerado en poner a la venta artculos de primera caUdad e importados de las mejores casas extranjeras, teniendo tambin para la venta gran cantidad de artculos del pas y que vende a los precios ms bajos de la plaza.
Tiene para la venta:
gasolina,
aceites,
Besides, a great
many home
metal
teja
metlica,
rettes;
etc.
Almacn:
Apartado 744-
Calle 12 N. 317
(Plaza de Nario).
Direccin telegrfica:
JUANPA.
P. O. address:
Bogot, Colombia.
Telegraph:
Juanpa.
El seor Rincn
mente
pas.
se ocupa en toda clase de comisionea, especiallas relacionadas con la venta en consignaciones de frutos del
Su agencia general de vveres, situada en la calle 13 (Plaza de Nario) N-O' 282-2S4, tiene cinco aos de establecida y goza hoy
del mejor crdito entre los hacendados y agricultores, ofreciendo a sus clientes y favorecedores, darles todas las facilidades posibles, tomando inters para obtener el mejor precio de venta de los artculos, de acuerdo con los consignatarios. Tiene depsitos en buenas condiciones para el almacenaje de la carga. Se ocupa tambin de la realizacin de artculos costeos, y se encarga de recibir de los ferrocarriles, los frutos que vengan a su consignacin. Direccin telegrfica: Jovicn. Telfono: N." 778. Apartado N.o 967. Bogot, Colomhia.
all kinds of commission business, especially domestic products. Hi3 general provisin agency, located at Nos. 282-284 13th Street (Nario Square), has been established about 5 years, and enjoys high reputation among agriculturists. t ofTera its patrons all possible facilities, and endeavors to sell their goods to their best possible advantage. Good warehouses for the storage of freight. Sale of articles sent from the littoral departments. Looks after merehandise shipped by rail and consigned to the firm. P. O. address: 967, Bogot, Colombia, Telegraph: Jovicn. Telephone: 778.
selling
LA COSTEAALECINA &
CO.
Su
Store founded several years ago in the of Bogot. Foreign and domestic goods, including matches, stearic candles, cigars, cigarettes, kerosene, gasoline, wines, liquors, canned goods, soap,
city
esmaltada, dulces extranjeros, galletas, etc. Carrera 11 N.'' 150 y 150 A. Telgrafo Jovati. Apartado N. 527. Telfono: N. 1087. Cdigo: Z/teter. Bogot, Colombia.
150 and
Colomhia.
150A
Carrera
11,
Bogot,
&
Co.
Alberto Cubillos and Jos del Carmen Crdenas A., located at Nos. 464-466 llth Street. Telephone, 606.
Trivio, Alejandro Crdenas A.,
Compaa
formada por
los.
seores Alberto
Cubillos Trivio, Alejandro Crdenas A. y Jos del Carmen Crdenas A., con oficina en la calle
11
N."''
464-466;
telfono 606.
Acepta en consignacin para la venta toda clase de artculos nacionales y extranjeros. Tiene amplios y cmodos depsitos para el almacenaje de la carga situados en la calle 11 N.^ 430-432-470 y 472, y otro para depsito de maderas en la calle 13 N." 347 B. Telfono: 1417.
Fuera de esto, tiene una seccin de arquitectura y cuenta con el concurso de los mejores arquitectos de Ja capital; facilita ales propietarios de lotes: planos, materiales y dinero para las construcciones en las mejores condiciones. Referencias: las que se soliciten.
Apartado Nfi 66G.
kinds of domestic and foreign articles sold Ampie and convenient freight warehouses located at Nos. 430-432-470 and 472 llth Street, and another warehouse for the storage of timber at 347 B. 13th Street, Telephone:
AU
ou commission.
1417.
It has also an architectural department, in which it employs the best architects in the capital.
It supplies plans
tion,
references.
P, O. address;
lombia.
Bogot, Colomhia,
445
S.
comeeciantes importadores y Exportadores
mejores almacenes para la venta por mayor y al detal de toda clase de mercancas para seoras y cabaUeros, situado en la calle 11 N.= 248 y 250, calle
HELO
& CIA
Import
One
ladies
Uno de
los
and gentlemen.
Located at Nos.
de San Miguel.
Fuera
sucursal
de
este
almacn
tienen
calle
una
11,
situada en la
etc., etc.
misma
N.
189
Branch located on the same C and 189 D, where linen, and other goods are sold.
Nos. 189
P. O. address:
street.
calic,
bogotanas,
Direccin telegrfica:
lado de correo N. 132.
HELO.
Apar-
Cdigo A. B. C.
Colombia.
5" edicin.
Bogot, Colombia
SuocEssoR, Carlos N.
Maldonado
Located on Calle de Florin; one of the most popular establishments in this city.
Fu fundado en
Aurelio
seor
Founded in 1885 by Mr. Aureho Bermdez, and transferred not long ago to Mr. Carlos N. Maldonado.
Complete assortment of canned goods and liquors imported from leading European and American houses.
P. O. address:
casas europeas
temente renovado.
Apartado N." 156.
Colombia.
ARIOSTO PRIETO
TaUER de Joyera "El Arte"
Taller que se hace cargo de todo trabajo en metales, litografa, fotografa y cincografa, gra-
artsticas,
Talleres de joyera, platera, dibujo, pintura, grabados en oro y dems metales, esmaltes, etc., que rivalizan con los mejores trabajos europeos. Compra de oro, plata y piedras finas. Cuenta con un grupo de hbiles operarios, con lo cual garantiza oda obra que se le confe. Sus artculos se venden a precios sin competencia. Despacho por correo.
Jewelry work, plating, engraving and painting on gold and other metis, enameling, etc., etc. All work compares favorably witb the best European work. Gold, silver and precious stones bought.
All
prices.
Loweat
Almacn:
Tele-
Bogot, Colombia
SALOMON GUTT
aos.
Establecido en la ciudad de Bogot hace 3 Propietario del almacn de mercancas Ambos Mundos, situado en la calle de San
N.o''
Owner
Street,
of the
Ambos Mundos
dry-goods store,
Miguel
directamente.
Tiene tambin una fbrica de molduras y cuadros, situada en la carrera 9 N. 200; y una hacienda en el distrito de Guaduas, llamada San Miguel, la que produce caf, azcar, etc. Los negocios de dicha hacienda giran bajo la
razn social de Gutl, Pardo Bogot, Colombia.
He
and a farm, known as San where farm The raised. are etc., coffee, sugar cae, does business under the ame of Gutt, Pardo
No. 200 Carrera
Miguel, in the District of Guaduas,
&
Ca.
& Corapany.
Bogot, Colombia.
446
& Duque
& Duque
and Manuel Uribe Toro, houses founded in the city of Bogot in 1849 and 1855, respectively. It is practically
the oldest commercial house in Bogot. It importa American, European and Japaneae goods on a large scale, which it sells both retail and wholesale. It also sells domestic goods, and exports all kinds of heme producs.
Tambin
tiene para la venta mercancas nacionales. porta toda clase de frutos del pas.
Ex-
Street,
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
Gaitn
Manuel
Founded
J.
Gaitn
lo-
ciudad de Bogot en el ao de 1913 y situado en la Plaza de Bolvar, N.^ 265 y 267. Es uno de los almacenes que gozan hoy da de
Almacn establecido en
in the city of
both in the
its
en la ciudad como fuera de ella, debido a la calidad de sus artculos de cristalera, porcelana y gran variedad de artculos para regalo; y fuera de todo esto, por ser la nica agencia en Bogot de los afamados graffonos, victrolas y dis-
ms
crdito, tanto
and in other
places,
owing to
its large
is
excellent
variety of gift
articles;
also because it
Bogot
trolas,
and musical
is
el
Mr. Gaitn
also
of
ApoTindo de
Hardman Company
P. O. address:
New
York.
Bogot, Colombia.
Telegraph:
Ahictor.
ISMAEL SNCHEZ
Almacn de Luto
Fundado en
la
el
Q.
MouRNiNG Store
Founded
First
el
ao de 1888 y situado en
in 1888 at Nos. 265 and 267 CaUe Real, the most frequented
It
is
es el
Direccin telegrfica:
Ismael.
Colo7nbia.
Bogot, Colombia.
Telegraph:
Ismael.
MUSIC SCHOOL
Gradate teacher, having received a gold meda! from the Colombian government and a diploma
from the Royal College
of
is
body
of
competent professors.
preparatory course
children,
y superior.
vanced course.
Se dictan las siguientes clases, cuya duracin ea de una hora para cada una: Violn, piano, canto, prctica de acompaamiento y de conjunto, flauta, violoncello, teora musical,
lectura de
violin,
Btigot,
Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
U7
JULIO
A.
Fotgrafo
Photographer
ESTRADA
Se encarga de todo trabajo relacionado con las artes pictrica y fotogrfica, que como complementarias, aseguran el xito en sus obras. Especialista en retratos a domicilio, tomados con toda esttica. Ampliaciones y paisajes con hermoso
colorido a la acuarela, al leo o al pastel.
Takes charge of
to painting
all
and photography.
Photographs
Neat and
artistic
work.
Bogot, Colombia.
HOTEL CONTINENTAL
Bogot,
la
Colombia
Located at No. 392 Carrera 6
iim.
(Parque de Santander).
(San-
tander Park).
large hotel
Es uno de
los
ferred
by
t
'
g o
fashionabie
society.
Bogot
Riding School
Director propietario A. Clement Lioisr. Local amplio y elegante. Caballos de sangre inglesa. Magnficas monturas. Clases de equitacin para seoras y caballeros. Alquiler de coches y caballos. Adiestramiento de caballos para silla y para coche. En los concursos hpicos han obtenido varias veces los primeros premios los caballos adiestrados por el director. Direccin: Carrera 7. N." 1010. Bogot., Colombia.
:
Director and owner: A. Clement Lion. Large and handsome grounds. English horses. Excellent saddles. Lessons in horseback riding for ladies and gentlemen. Horses and carriages rented. Training of draft and
saddle
director
horses.
The
horses
trained
by the
have received prizes at several contests. No. 1010 Carrera 7, Bogot, Colombia.
NICANOR BARRAGAN
expendio de loza del pas y Espermas de todas clases. Vinos espaoles. Especias.
el
Almacn para
coffee, tea,
choco-
otros artculos.
articles.
Carrera 11
N.""
134
y 134B.
134
and
134
Carrera
11,
Bogot,
Bogot, Colombia.
Colombia.
44S
ClA.
in 1903 for selling first-class articles for gentlemen.
is ladies',
p
t
Almacn de
bres.
artculos para
hom-
At Fu fundado por el seor Rafael Cueto en el ao de 1903 para la venta de artculos de primera calidad para caballeros.
Especialidad en calzado para seoras, caballeros
Ever since
this store,
the
foundation
of
sol
y nios.
El seor Cueto desde la fundacin de su almacn es agente exclusivo, en la capital, de la renombrada casa de regal, fabricante de calzado americano.
artculos
el pas.
Large stock of
perfumes and
ported.
gift articles.
Best im-
toilet
articles
Tiene un gran surtido de objetos para regalo. En perfumera introduce las mejores mareas que se conocen en
de
tocador
y
ee? FiTst Calle Real, Bogot,
Colombia.
la
and everything
art.
else relating to decorative the firm makes eontraets on a very large scale and pays cash for all it buys, it is always in a position to meet the competition, both as to prices and as to quality, of other like eoneerns.
As
Fundador Propietario:
EMILIO GARCA
Calle IS
P.
EMILIO GARCA
Direccin telegrfica:
P.
"MILIOGAB"
Telegraph:
P. O. Address:
"MILIOGAB"
Apartado No. 405
F.
G.
GLAUSER
Watch Store
Relojera Suiza
Swiss
La ms grande y mejor
ciudad de Bogot.
establecida de la
The
largest
and best-organi^ed
Complete
in the city
Bogot.
assortment
of
best
watches.
at
Jeweky and optical articles. Located 262 and 264 Third CaUe de Florin.
Glauseres.
Direccin
Glauseres.
Cdigo
Telegraph:
Code:
Lieber's.
usado:
Lieber.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
and designer
of tbe well
known Colombian
plume moaaic.
Landscapes, coats of arms and flags of
tries,
all
Se encarga de
la ejecucin
de paisajes, escudos de
counfamily escutcheons, badges, insignia, monograms, etc. Reproduction of photographic views.
y sus respectivas banderas, escudos de famihaa, emblemas masnicos, insignias, monogramas, etc. Copias de vistas fotolos pases
armas de todos
nico autor de las afamadas miniaturas sobre ncar, entre otras las brillantes hebillas para
grficas.
Only maker
mother
of
artistic articles
made with
ia
hair.
Es adems tasddermista y colector de aves; se encarga de hacer colecciones atendiendo especialmente todo pedido que se le haga.
Carrera 10
N.'*
Mr. Arroyo
collector.
besides a taxidermist
and bird
Takes orders
kinds.
198,
Bogot,
Coloynbia,
449
de San
la
Now
Miguel
situated
Street.
at
It is
Nos.
131-135
San
es sin
al
duda
que
ms
garantas
ofrece
pblico,
tanto
both on aocount of
its
sanitary con-
ditions
and because of
is
its
expert workers.
al
installed in acoordance
estilo
existencia,
ms
makes
it
the
distinguida clientela.
Empresario:
Flix Martnez.
Elseo Snchez M.
213
Proprietor:
B.
Elseo Snchez M.
A y 213
Located at 213
visite este
AU
persons
of
9a.
this
establishment
wl
there
all
modern
medio de auto-clave, masajes elctricos para embellecer la piel y fortificar el cabello. Especialidad en arreglo para estudiantes y nios.
Tiene adems gran surtido de artculos de
lujo para caballeros.
improvements, including sanitary appliances, and electrio massage to beautify the skin and
strengthen the hair.
children a speoialty.
Work
for students
and
Large assortment of fine articles for gentlemen. Telephone: 1432. Bogot, Colombia.
Telfono 1432.
Bogot, Colombia.
Mosquera
La Droguera Unin
es agente exclusiva
de
las
afamadas pildoras Emperador, para la dispepsia, hgado y rones. Cuenta con un surtido permanente de drogas frescas que importa directamente de las principales casas europeas y americanas. Despacho esmerado
troubles.
Complete assortment
im-
by
skillful
pharma-
y correcto de frmulas a cargo de hbiles farmaceuPrecios los ms bajos de la plaza. Cuenta tas. adems con dos sucursales establecidas en las plazas principales de Facatativ y Anolaima. Atiende todo despacho por correo. Bogot, Colombia
Lowest
prices.
Branch
offices in
Facatativ
and Anolaima.
Mail orders
fiUed.
Bogot, Colombia
Casa fundada en el ao de 1911, con un surtido de drogas constantemente renovado de las principales casas de Europa y de los Estados Unidos. En cuanto al despacho de frmulas es muy esmerado, pues cuenta con hbiles farmaceutas. Sus artculos los vende a los precios ms bajos de la plaza. Despacho por correo a todas las poblaciones de
la repblica.
Branch
ofiBce in
P. O. address:
ramo de
negocios.
Telegraph:
Rosencha.
Telephone 1097
Tiene una sucursal en Tunja, Departamento de Boyac. Apartado de correos N.o 218. Telfono N." 1097. Telgrafo: ROSENCHA. Casa principal: Calle 10 N.os ISS y 190.
Bogot, Colombia
450
Esta farmacia prepara, con frmulas propias, bastantes muy conocidas y recomendadas, de las cuales duea con certificados de marca de fbrica, legal-
This od and well-known estabUshment was founded in same place it occupies today, by Doctors Bernardino and Csar Medina, who raised it to a position of high repute, both at home and abroad. Later it became the property of the distinguished physician and surgeon Dr. Arturo Garca Medina, who is its present owner. This pharmacy prepares from its own prescriptions a
1857, at the
great
many
well
known and
highly
recommended
special-
mente expedidos.
Esta casa mantiene actualmente valiosas relaciones de comercio con muy importantes casas inglesas, suizas, americanas, etc.
ties, all of
which are duly.registered and patented. It has commercial relations with very important English, Swiss and American firms. It is considered one of the most reable establishments in Colombia, owing to ita strictnesa
and promptness.
Para
el
una de
las
277 and 279 Seeond Calle Real, the most central part of
the city. P. O. address:
Situada en ms central de
Calle Real, N.
277 y 279,
el sitio
ciudad de Bogot.
Apartado
19,
Bogot, Colombia.
A. B. C. 5th ed.
Tele-
Telfono,
Telegraph:
Medina.
Code:
phone 1242.
9,
Todas
de
las
las
drugs
imported
from
firms.
the
best
manufacturing
los
Estados
Highest quality
Lowest
P. 0. address:
Apartado 1094.
Telegraph
Riosba.
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
The
chills,
best
remedy
and
to prevent
fever,
anemia,
el
y todas
las conse-
of appetite,
the
bad
efects of malaria.
Camacho Roldan & Van Sickel, P. O. B. 1609, New York; Lanman& Kemp, New York; Camacho Roldan & Tamayo, Bogot, y en todas las principales
Pdanse a
boticas.
& Van Sickel, P. O. Box New York; Lanman & Kemp, New York; Camacho Roldan & Tamayo, Bogot.
Order from Camacho Roldan
1609,
Sold also at
all
venereous diseases. New office and pharmacy, at the northeast comer of Market Square, Nos. 185 and 187. Complete assortment of first-class drugs recently imported from Europe and the United States. Advice given every day, holidays included. Prescriptions carefuUy put up, the work being
inspected
by
Dr.
Mndez
personally.
Gratis
Bogot, Colombia.
Bogot, Colombia.
451
Dental Suegeon
Founder and Director of tbe Odontologa Colombiana (Colombian Odontology) aecretary of the Colombian Dental Society; member of the Scientific Section of the Centenary celebration (1910); member of the first Cuban Odontologic Congress (1912), of the Second Colombian Medical Congress (1913), of the First Pan-American Odontological Congress of Rio de
;
Fundador y
y Secretario de la Colombiana de Propaganda del mismo. Miembro del Congreso Dental de Panam y el Pacfico
Comisin
(San Francisco, 1915), de la Federacin Dental Internacional; socio correspondiente de la Asociacin Dental del Per, etc.
Janeiro (1913), and secretary of the Colombian Committee on Propaganda of the same congress; member of the Panam and Pacific Dental Congress (San Francisco,
member
of the
Dental Association
of
BogotA, Colombia
Bogot, Colombia
sastrera de JOS
jar
A.
GONZLEZ
In bis early youth, Mr. Gonzlez began to work as a
cutter in
tailor shop,
and before
Avenida
meros
many
art.
Hace poco tiempo estableci su taller de sastrera en la Avenida de la Repblica, donde acude diariamente una numerosa cUentela. Tanto por el corte, confeccin esmerada de sus obras, y por estar al corriente de las ltimas creaciones de la moda, ha tenido una buena acogida en el pblico, y adems, por gozar de mucha simpata y por la manera correcta como atiende a sus clientea. Cuenta para el objeto, con un variado y elegante surtido
de paos
ingleses, cortes
A
la
de
excellent cutting
His and unsurpassed workmanship, as well as his being up to the latest creations of fashion, have made him very popular, the esteem in which he is held
Repblica, where he has a large patronage.
of first-class English
etc., etc.
ma-
faney vests,
t asia, etc.
P. O. address:
Bogot, Colombia
TOMS SANIN
Sastrera y Almacn de Paos
Esta sastrera cuenta con un magnfico personal de obreros muy competentes en
Clothing
Materials
This shop has an excellent forc of
skillful
workers,
clientes
patrons.
ms
exigente.
sastrera: Calle 13 N."'
Street,
Bogot.
Ahnacn y
137 y 137A.
Bogot.
LUIS NIETO C
Almacn t Fbrica de Muebles
Establecida en el ao de 1895. Especialidad en arreglo de casas para novios: construccin de toda clase de muebles y en todos los estilos: contando para esto con los mejores materiales tanto del pas como extranjeros; fabricacin especial de muebles para escritorio y toda clase de oficinas. Se atienden toda clase de pedidos, tanto en la ciudad como fuera de ella, haciendo una construccin especial en los pedidos de muebles para
fuera de la ciudad, garantizando as la llegada en buen estado a cualquier parte de la repblica. Se encarga adems, de toda clase de pedidos al extranjero no slo
furnishing
homes
for
newly-wed couples: manufacture of furniture of all kinds and styles, for which the shop is equipped with the best domestic and foreign elements: writing desks, and other office furniture. Orders taken from city and other patrons. Furniture to be shipped out of town is especially made and packed so it will not be damaged
in transportation.
de muebles, sino de toda clase de mercancas, contando para esto con un gran surtido de catlogos y muestras. Almacn y taller: Carrera e.a N.os S7-SS9. ^Bogot, Colombia
Will act as agent for the importaand all other kinds of merchandise. having for the purpose a complete assortment of catalogues and samples. Nos. 2S7 and S39, Carrera S, Bogot, Colombia.
tion of foreign furniture
452
elegance, workmanship,
and durability.
in a position to perform all kinds of work, however fine and out of the ordinary it may
is
it is equipped with complete machinery and keeps the best foreiga and domestic timber. Its products obtained first prize at the 1910 Industrial Exposition. The shop is located at 539 Fifth Calle de Florin, and the store and sample rooms, at Nos. 527 B. and 527 D., same street.
The shop
be; or
Los muebles fabricados en sus talleres obtuvieron primer premio en la exposicin industrial de 1910.
N.
Almacenes y muestrarios: 5.* -calle de Florin 527 B y 527 D. Visite usted los talleres y
muestrarios.
Bogot, Colombia
Bogot, Colombia
Su
clase
de muebles
fnos,
en
los
que emplea
la
las
mejores
in 1909. Makes a specialty of kinds of fine furniture, using the best domestic timber. It sella up-to-date furni-
Founded
all
maderas del
de ltimo
pas.
Tiene para
venta mobiliarios
ture,
Louis
XV
and English
styles;
cluf-
estilo,
Luis
XV
pejo, mobiliarios extranjeros, lunas de espejo, cortinas, trasparentes, escritorios americanos, etc.
lace curtains,
etc.
etc.,
el
nombre de Tapicera
Moderna, situada en
la
Branch known as Tapicera Moderna (Modern Furniture Store) located at Nos. 193 and 195 Carrera 7, where its products
are permanently exhibited. Proprietor, Carlos Rodrguez. Orders taken from Colombia and foreign countries.
Su
atiende
Bogot, Colombia.
Telephone 1480.
Bogot, Colombia.
"INSTAN TNEAS."
Diario ilustrado de la maana.
Se publica bajo
Milln.
la
direccin de
Ricardo Sarmiento y
J.
M. Restrepo
Todos
J.
M. Restrepo
Milln.
It has its
own
forc
Cuenta con
servicios propios
national
It publishes every
nacional y extranjera.
distinguida
un
retrato de alguna
of a distinguished lady,
and iUustrations
of current
dama y
newspaper in Colombia
Es
el diario
eight
it
pages of
lectura con
Its
attractiveness
l el
and low
it
the best
to the
u circulacin, debida a
advertising
directors.
mdium.
All correspondence
must be addressed
La correspondencia debe
Apartado N." 229.
BogotX, Colombia.
P. O. address:
Born
Cuba.
He
yer in
Havana
f ai res.
453
LJBKO AZUL
DIO
ENRIQUE
El seor Enrique A. Carrillo, encargado de negocios del Per en Colombia, es un diplomtico de carrera, con largos aos de servicio en la administracin pblica de su patria.
CARRILLO
Carrillo, Peruvian charg d'afEaires in Colomdiplomat of long experience, having held many public oflBces in his country. Among other posts, he has filled that of attach to the Peruvian Mission at the Tribunal of Lausanne, and that of secretary and charg d'affaires of the Peruvian Legation in Brazil, for several years. He is a writer well known at home and abroad, having figured as a contributor and manager and editor of several Lima newspapers and periodicals. He became known under the nom de plume Cabotln. He is the author
Mr. Enrique A.
bia, is a
desempeado, entre otros cargos, el de adjunto a la misin el Per ante el Tribunal de Lausana y los de secretario de legacin y encargado de negocios en el Brasil, durante varios aos.
constituida por
Escritor conocido en su pas y en que es autor de una novela,
el
Ha
rrillo,
ha figurado como
of Cartas de
una turista, a novel, and of Viendo pasar a coUection of tales and chronicles on Lima Ufe.
las cosas,
Lima, donde
seudnimo de
CABOTN.
Nacido en 1877, es hijo del seor don Enrique E. Carrillo, militar, publicista y funcionario distinguido, y de la respetable seora Cristina Navarrete de Carrillo.
He was born in 1877, and is a son of Don Enrique E. Canillo, a distinguished military man, publicist and pubUc functionary, and of the worthy matron Doa Cristina Navarrete de Carrillo,
muy
Born
still
at
While
en su
pas,
como
al
el
representante
diente
congieso nacional,
la
member
of congress,
y de nmero de
jurisconsulto
He
is
como
de
la
y abogado diplomado de
He
ciudad de
University
Colombia.
affairs.
He makes
specialty
of
criminal
andl
administrative
HERNANDO SOTO
L.
L.
& COMPANY.
-Agents
The
its
Bogot, Colombia.
la
guerra europea.
el
Avisan a sus
clase
volumen y
la
de sus
y que
se
ocuparn principalmente de
importacin y expor-
and that
it will
un
crecido
y productos, tanto nacionales como extranjeros, para lo capital, unido a su actividad y honradez, ofrecienco sli-
all
commands
and honesty
are
vouched
das referencias bancarias y comerciales dentro y fuera de Colombia. Para completar la ampliacin de sus negocios han establecido subagencias y sucursales
by
first-class
In order to extend its business, the firm has established branch offices and agencies
en
las
la
repbUca.
Machinist
taller
muestra
su
esta-
blecido en la ciudad de
Bogot.
Se
The
the
illustration
shows
his
shop in
kinds
of
city
of
Bogot.
All
con su profesin.
Sohcita catlogos de toda clase de
machine work.
maquinarias.
Bogot, Colombia.
454
RAFAEL HERRAN
Traductor
oficial del
Hbil mecangrafo.
Autor de
la clave
professor of
modern languages;
a skiUful
ts^pist,
and author of a
Spanish
Key
y representaciones de todo
lo
Would
matters relating to
mquinas de
de
escritorio.
y en general toda
de tiles
kinds of stationery.
Address:
Direccin:
Attended by Eufemia Delgadillo de la Orss, daughter and successor to the famous hairdresser Mara de la Orss
de Delgadillo.
En ella se encuentran todos los artculos de tocador de las horquillas, peinetas, ganchos, adornos variadsimos para la cabeza, azahares, velos para novia, seoras: guedejas, torsadas, flores y sombreros. Para trenzas, flequillos para la frente, patillas, rizos, armadores para toda forma de peinado, fiiets (red de pelo), moos, Peinados para retrato, cerecrep, variedad de pelucas. monia, baile y de poca; su especialidad es el arreglo de novias con todo el chic parisin. Para hombres: pelucas, toupets, barbas y bigotes. Para artistas y disfraces: pelucas de todas pocas, barbas, bigotes, crep, colores y pastas para la cara, pegantes. Para nios: corte de pelo, peluqmtas y vestidos para muecas.
ms afamadas marcas,
Levado y teido de cabeza, masajes manuales y arreglo
de
las uas.
The only establishment of this kind in Colombia tbat has a complete knowledge of the art, and keeps up with the latest Parisian novelties. Init are found all the toilet articies of the most famous makers, all kinds of hairpins, combs, a great variety of ornaments for the head, hair tonics, brides' veils, flowers, and hats.
Locks of variouskinds,braids,bang3, forms for all styles of combing, hair nets, bowa, transformations, and a variety of wigs. Hair dresscd for balls, photographs, and entertainments. Brides' hair dressing with all Parisian chic a specialty.
dips. curls,
frizzles,
FOR LADIES:
FOR MEN: Wigs, foretops, whiskers and mustaches FOR ARTISTS AND DISGUISES: Wigs of all
pcriods, whiskers,' mustaches, foretops, paints for the face, and enamels.
and pastes
dol
FOR CHILDREN:
''
dresses.
Valencia
Parque Abogados. M. S. Valencia Samper y Hctor Jos Vargas. de Santander, acera sur, N. 1. Telgrafo: Valvar. Apartado 688. Negocios judiciales. Asuntos administrativos. Patentes de inBogot. vencin.
& Vargas
Partners, M. S. Valencia Samper and Hctor Jos Vargas. and administrative matters. Trademarks registered. Patents Telegraph: Valvar. P. O. procured. Santander Square, No. 1. address: Apartado 688, Bogot.
Lawyers.
Judicial
Leovigildo Snchez
Abogado y Comisionista
Lawybr
Gestiona asuntos judiciales y administrativos. Se encarga de la representacin de casas de comercio. Honrosas referencias. Direccin telegrfica: Leosanchez. Calle 13 N." SS6, Bogot.
Lawyer and agent. Will begin to practice in Bogot in June, 1918, at the law office of Dr. Avelino Gamboa, Santander Square, Bogot.
Any
language taught
20
455
Enrique Garcs
jenieros. Ingeniero Civil. Miembro activo de la sociedad de ingenieros. minos e en caminos llevado a _ cabo importantsimas obras, especialmente _ Bogot. instalaciones de plantad de alumbrado elctrico.
Ha
Active member of the Society of Engineers. Has Civil engineer. directed many important works, especially roads and electric-light Bogot. plants.
A. Garca Herreros
Agencia "Cohjjibia"
Agencia de los afamados graffonos, grafonolas y discos "Columbia." DesarroDo, impressin y ampliaAparatos y artculos fotogrficos. Escopetas, cartuchos, etc. Apartado N. 833. eiones fotogrficas.
Bogot.
Coltiubia
and
Agency
Photographic developFirst-class photographic articles. discs. ments, printing, and enlargements. Guns and ammunition. Apartado
833, Bogot.
Gradate dentist, practising in Bogot. All kinds of dental surgery, especially bridge work, and cMldren's diseases of the teeth. Best equipment in the country. 89 Carrera 5.
A. Corts M.
Casa establecida en 1900. Papelera, Calle 12, N.^^ 194 y 196. Talleres de tipografa, fotograbado, zincografa, rayados, sellos de Calle 14 N. 136. caucho Apartado 443. Telfono 957. Telegramas: Acor. Bogot.
&
Ca.
Stationery store, estabhshed 1900. Nos. 194 and 196, 12th Street. TjTJOgraphical work, photo engraving, paper ruling, rubber stamps, P. O. address: Apartado 443. at their shop, 136 14th Street. Telegraph: Acor. Telephone, 957. Bogot.
Dr. Jorge
Cirujano dentista graduado en la facultad nacional. en extracciones y enfermedades de la boca.
Oficinia dental:
ngulo A.
in extraction of teeth Bogot.
Especialista
Dental surgeon, gradate of the National University. Specialist and mouth diseases. Office, 85 8th Street,
Calle 8 N. 85.
Bogot.
Pedro
v
anceses Casa fundada en 1907. Importacin de juguetes, dulces franceses jnsuales billar. Pedidos mensuales Rancho. Licores. Artculos para ^..-.-. r de hortalizas y flores. Plaza de Bolvar. Bogot, Colombia.
c^i^v^.^. suizos.
S.
Rey
Foui Founded
candies,
1907.
Du-ect
.
importation of toys,
liquors, .
Vctor A. Trujillo
Recibe permanentemente el mejor surtido de mercanca para seoras. Ventas por mayor y menor. " Direcciones: Bogot, Primera Calle Real N. 39S; Girardot,
Plaza de la Iglesia.
Dry goods store. Constantly renewed stock of ladies' goods. Whole39S First Calle Real, Bogot; Plaza de la Iglesia, sale and retail. Girardot.
antiguo
el
dirigi el censo
de
repbUca ^
Cundinamarca.
Telgrafo:
ao de 1912.
Ex-director of statistics, having managed the engine Civil engineer. 1912 National Census. Ex-Secretary of the State of Cimdinamarca. Telegraph: Caicedor, Bogot.
EspeciaUdad en
civiles
contencioso-administrativos.
Gradate lawyer of the National University. administrative matters and cases. Bogot.
Specialties, civil
and
Arcano, Facat.tiv..
456
FACATATIVA
Capital de la Provincia de Facatativ, con 43 municipios, los circuitos judicial, fiscal, de instruccin pblica, notarial y de registro.
y de
Capital of the province of the same ame, which has 43 municipalities, and also of the judiciary, fiscal, pubhcinstruction, notarial and recording districts.
"cercado Facatativ viene del chibcha Faca-ta-tihiva: Los muiscas la llamaron fuerte al fin de la llanura." tambin Tocatativ. Fu residencia del Zipa. Sus primeros
civilizadores,
The word
tihiva,
mn) y Hernando de
Situada a ocho leguas de Bogot, a 0 15' O" de longitud occidental; 4 45' 25" de latitud norte, y a 2586 metros sobre el nivel del mar, con una temperatura media de 13. Fu durante varios aos capital del departamento, y a tal dignidad est llamada de nuevo, al ser creado el distrito nacional de Bogot, porque adems de su magnfico clima.
"strong enclosure at the end of the plain." The Muisca Indians callad it also Tocatativ. It was the residence Its first civilizers were Alonso of the zipa (Indian chief). de Olaya Herrera, a Heutenant of Fredermn, and Hernando de Alcocer, who built the road to Honda. The city is eight leagues from Bogot, and lies in longitude 0 15' O" west, and latitude 4 45' 25" north. It has an elevation of 2586 meters above sea-level, and an average temperature of 13 C. It was for several years the capital of the department, a position which it will probably oceupy
II
Plaza e
iglesia
Square
and Church
poblacin,
etc.,
movimiento comercial, situacin topogrfica, que en 1905 la hicieron acreedora a aquel puesto, cuenta adems hoy con localidad moderna, palacio de gobierno, alumbrado elctrico, acueducto pblico, teatro, encamellonados nuevos, etc. Es estacin terminal de los ferrocarriles de la Sabana y Girardot. El rea urbana de la ciudad la forman treinta manzanas concluidas y diez parciales. Sus diez calles y cinco carreras poseen una nomenclatura completa. Las artes, ciencias, oficios, industrias y profesiones Hay liberales estn representadas por un selecto personal.
dos imprentas, tres peridicos semanarios, dos sociedades obreras, dos centros acadmicos, uno de jurisprudencia y otro de historia; la instruccin pblica est muy difundida. La estadstica ha dado los porcientajes ms reducidos de analfabetismo y criminalidad.
federal district of Bogot is formed; for, excellent climate, large population, commercial activity, and topographical location, which in 1905 made it worthy of that position, it has today a vast rea, palace of government, electric light, public aqueduct, a theatre, new drives, etc. It contains the terminal stations of the
again
when the
its
besides
Savanna and Girardot railroads. The city is divided into 30 completed blocks and 10 half It has 10 streets and 5 avenues, named in a built.
systematic way.
The arts, sciences, trades, industries and liberal profesThere are two sions are represented by a select personnel. printing houses, three weekly publications, two workmen's societies, a society of jurisprudence, and one of history. Public instruction is very widely spread, and statistics show a very low rate of illiteracy and criminality. The palace of government is occupied by the circuit courts, the prefecture, the provincial treasury, the office of the coUector of liquor and cattle-slaughter revenues, the office of the inspector of public instruction, and the telegraph
457
El palacio de gobierno est ocupado por los juzgados de la prefectura, la administracin provincial de hacienda, la colectura de las rentas de hcores y degello, la inspeccin provincial de instruccin pblica y la telegrafa.
circuito,
En
la casa consistorial se encuentran las oficinas y salones del concejo, alcalda, tesorera, polica y juzgado municipal.
office.
El Liceo es un plantel moderno con las ctedras de literatura bien servidas por un ilustrado cuerpo de profesores. Sus mtodos, reglamento interno e instalacin, responden a Cuenta con una los sistemas pedaggicos avanzados. El revista mensual, dirigida y redactada correctamente. Instituto Colombiano es otro plantel de instruccin fundado recientemente. de La Unin existe un hermoso monumento histrico levantado bajo los auspicios y direccin del Centro de Historia de esta ciudad. Lleva cuatro placas de mrmol con las siguientes inscripciones:
In the townhall are located the offices of the municipal council, the mayor's office, the treasury, the offices of the plice department, and the mimicipal court.
The Liceo is a modern educational institution having Its well served chairs of elementary and literary subjects. methods, regulations and management follow the latest pedagogical improvements. It has a monthly review, The Instituto Colombiano is well directed and edited. another important educational institution, recently founded.
In the La Unin plazuela there is a handsome historical monument erected under the auspices and direction of the
It Historical Association (Centro de Historia) of the city. bears four marble slabs with the foUowing inscriptions in
En
la plazuela
Spanish
La Municipalidad del Centeo DE Historia a nombre del pueblo de Facatativ, en el PRIMER Centenario del la Independencia. A Mariano
20 DE Julio de 1910.
y Joaqun Grillo, padre e hijo, mrtires de la Independencia, SACRIFICADOS EN ESTA CIUDAD EL 31 DE AgOSTO DE 1816. A LOS Alcaldes Blas Torres y Rafael Avila, QUIENES A LA CABEZA DE OCHENTA PATRIOTAS FACATATIVEOS, SECUNDARON LA REVOLUCIN DEL 20 DE JuLIO DE 1810. A Toms Acosta, valeroso militar de la Independencia, T A los dems proceres Y MRTIRES DE LA GUERRA MAGNA,
HIJOS DE ESTA CIUDAD.
JuLY 20, 1910. The Historical Association, in the AME OF THE PEOPLE OF FaCATATIV, ON THE FIRST Centenary of THE Independence. To Mariano and Joaqun Grillo, father and son, martyrs of the Independence, sacrificed in this city on August 21, 1816. To THE martyrs Blas Torres and Rafael Avila,
80 FACATATIV PATRIOTS SUPPORTED THE REVOLUTION OF JuLY 20, 1810. To ToMS AcOSTA, A BRAVE SOLDIER OF THE INDEPENDENCE, AND TO THE OTHER WORTHIES AND MARTYRS OF THE GREAT WAR WHO WERE BORN IN THIS CITY.
the patriots here mentioned took very active part In this plazuela are great Colombian revolution. held the famous weekly and yearly cattle fairs, where the best breeds of cattle, horses, mules, hogs, and sheep of the neighboring ranches are exhibited.
in the
Todos los patriotas mencionados tomaron parte eficacsima la epopeya colombiana. En esta plazuela se efecta la renombrada feria semanal de ganados y la gran feria anual, que es una magnfica exposicin de selectas especies
en
caballares, mulares, vacunas, de cerda, lanares, etc., producto de las ricas haciendas regionales.
AU
El edificio de la empresa de luz y molino de trigo es de ladrillo y piedra, de gran solidez y estilo elegante, con cuatro pisos. La caldera tubular, es del sistema Babcock, con recalentador de vapor y hornillas de tiraje natural o artificial. El motor, de 120 caballos, es del sistema Corliss Murray. La dinamo es de 50 k. w. trifsica y 2300 v., y est dotada de todos los accesorios. La empresa pertenece a una compaa annima con capital de $120,000 oro, dividido en 24,000 acciones de $5 cada una.
building containing the electric-light plant and the is a four-story substantial and elegant structure. It uses a Babcock tubular boiler, with steam superheater, and natural- and forced-draft furnaces. The motor develops The 120 horsepower, and is of the CorHss-Murray type. dynamo is three-phase, of 50 kilowatts and 2300 volts, and is provided with all the necessary accessories. The plant belongs to a stock company having a capital of 120,000 dollars, divided into 24,000 shares of $5 each. The Virginia Alonzo theatre is a substantial building, having a large pit and stage.
The
wheat
mili
edificio
slidamente cons-
escenario amplios.
commemoration
Cerca de Facatativ existen unos petroglifos, en rocas de aspern, los cuales fueron gravados por los chibchas como recuerdo de la desecacin de las aguas glaciales que cubran la llanura de Bogot. Esta roca mide, sin contar las adherentes, 61 metros de longitud, 15 metros 70 centmetros de altura, por 15 metros 70 centmetros de fondo en la parte ms ancha del techo, que cubre toda su extensin vertical, dndole la apariencia de un dolmen gigantesco. Es de formacin sedimentaria y con la otras del mismo grupo, revela en sus estratos el diverso nivel de las aguas que debieron cubrir el terreno lacustre en que se halla. Conserva las huellas de animales fosilizados y muy bien marcadas las de un boa, un pez, etc. Fu oratorio, fortaleza y quinta de recreo chibcha, y est decorada con petroglifos indgenas, que al traducirlos el palelogo, podran ser la clave de ignoradas leyendas. All pereci en 1538, vctima de Alonso Domnguez, soldado de Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada, el penltimo soberano aborigen Tisquesusa, sobrino y sucesor de Nemequene, reahzndose as la extraa prediccin del Jeque de Ubaque, Popn, al interpretar un sangriento sueo del Zipa. El 24 de octubre de 1915, onomstico del ilustre patricio y mrtir General Rafael Uribe Uribe, fu inagurada la Galera liberal de retratos al leo, pintados en la roca a doble tamao del natural, quedando iniciada tal galera con las efigies de Francisco de P. Santander, M. Murillo Toro, Uribe Uribe, Cenn Figueredo y R. Gaitn Obeso.
of the drying of the glacial waters that covered the Bogot plain. The rock, without counting the adjoining ones, measures 61 meters in length, 15.70 in height, and 15.70 in depth, where the roof is widest; this roof extends over the whole length of the rock, giving to it the appearance of a gigantic dolmen. The rock is of sedimentary formation, and, with others belonging to the same group, shows in its strata the stages of the water that must have covered the It bears well defined lacustrian soil of which it forms part.
marks of fossilized animis, among them a boa and a fish. The chamber inside the rock was used by the Chibchas It is as a fortress, and a place of worship and recreation.
covered with Indian petroglyphs, which, when deciphered, It was there reveal valuable traditions, still unknown. that the last but one aboriginal chief, Tisquesusa, a nephew and successor to Nemequene, died in 1538 a victim of Alonso Domnguez, one of the soldiers of Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada; an event which seemed to bear out the strange prophecy made by Popn, chief of Ubaque, in interpreting a bloody dream of the zipa. On October 24, 1915, which was the saint's day of the illustrious martyr General Rafael Uribe Uribe, was inaugurated the Liberal Gallery of oil portraits, painted, double hfe size, on the rock, the first portraits being those of Francisco de P. Santander, M. Murillo Toro, Uribe Uribe, Cenn Figueredo, and R. Gaitn Obeso.
may
sin
ms
exigente.
pocas
The Cuevas (Caves) are without doubt one of the most remarkable natural wonders. A short distance southeast
458
,^gSB^BC^hiS-i
Piedra de
los
Zipas
The^Zipas'
Rock
y mrtires de la revolucin de los Comuneros, un victorioso combate contra las fuerzas espaolas en la tarde del 27 de mayo de 1781. Los facatativeos se unieron a los patriotas y obtuvieron el triunfo de
Nicols Vesga, hroes
hroes and martyrs of the Commoners' Revolution, won a victory over the Spanish forces in the afternoon of May 27,
1781.
later
The people of Facatativ joined the patriots, and won the battle of El Roble. The lay cemetery has a handsome monument with a
This cemetery contains the
monumento
sobre
el
cual se destaca la estatua de la liberatad de pensamiento. En este cementerio reposan los restos de los Generales Cesreo Pulido y su corneta de rdenes; Tulio Varn y Ramn Chvez, vctimas liberales en la revolucin del ao de 1900. Igualmente se encuentran las sepulturas del eminente abogado doctor Emilio ngel, del joven periodista
tombs of General Cesreo Pulido and his bugler, General Tulio Varn, and General Ramn Chvez, who fell as Uberal
leaders in the revolution of 1900.
of It also contains the graves
the prominent
lawyer Dr.
Emilio
journalist Adelio
Adelio
Romero y
filntropo
don
Matas Sierra, cuya familia cedi un lote de su propiedad para que con la sepultura del patriarca venerable quedase inaugurado el cementerio laico.
Romero, and the distinguished gentleman and philanthropist, Don Matas Sierra, whose family donated a lot at his death, in order to inaugrate the lay cemetery
with the burial of that venerable patriot.
459
Homeoptico
Corresponding
tute of Colombia.
Member
is
of the
Homeopathic
Insti-
de Colombia. Esta farmacia fu establecida en Facatativ en 1911. Abundante surtido de drogas frecuentemente renovadas; despacho de frmulas, y preparacin de botiquines homeopticos para uso de las familias que viven en los campos, lejos de las poblaciones. Especficos para las enfermedades ms comunes y graves; para enfermedades de la mujer, hemorragias, afecciones del hgado y de los intestinos, neuralgias, tumores, etc. En esta farmacia se ensayan siempre medicinas nuevas de origen vegetal, y se ponen al servicio del pblico, cuando los resultados tcnicos son completamente satisfactorios. Hay a la venta tambin, preparaciones para los cuidados higinicos de la boca y de la piel, y preservativos de las epidemias. Escrbase por correo a Facatativ al doctor Pablo A. Pea y pdase aviso detallado de los especficos y
medicinas. Facatativ, Colombia.
This pharmacy
located in Facatativ
and was
es-
fine
prescriptions fiUed
and speliver
attention
is
many
Facatativ,
Department
of
Cundinamarca
(Co-
lombia)
MODERN MlLL
OF FaCATATIV
of
of
Fundada el 12 de diciembre de 1912 por escritura pblica N." 826. Compaa annima con capital de $120,000 oro, dividido en 24,000 acciones de S5.00 oro cada una, pagado en su mayor parte. El edificio es de ladrillo y piedra, de gran solidez
y
estilo elegante; su parte principal,
el
molino, es de
el de la derededicado exclusivamente para la caldera y motores, y el de la izquierda, para las tolvas de cuatro mil cargas de trigo de capacidad, limpiadoras y depsitos de carga. El conjunto forma una construccin
cuatro pisos;
December, 1912, by public document No. 826. A stock $120,000 gold, divided into 24,000 shares, of S5 gold each, the greater part being paid. The edifice is made of brick and stone, very solid and in an elegant style; its principal part is dedicated exciusively to the mili and is of four stories; that on the right is dedicated exciusively to the boiler and motors and that on
the left to the mill-hoppers of four thousand pareis of wheat in capacity, cleaners, and storage. The whole forms a very symmetrical structure, which occupies the
most hygienic and picturesque place in the city. The tubular boiler, Babcock system, with steam superheater and ovens of natural or artificial draft. has attracted attention on account of its economy in coal; its power
150 horsepower. The dynamo, of of 120 horsepower, is of the Corliss-Murray system. 50 k. w. three-phase and 2,300 volts, is equipped with all the accessories, rheostat, exciter, ammeter, voltmeter. automatic switches, lightning-rods, transformers, its
is
The motor,
muy
lugar
simtrica,
y ocupa
el
ms
higinico
capacity being
2,500
s,
16-
pintoresco de la ciudad.
candlepower
Ught.
of
amp
and
The
complete
feeding
machinery
for
efectivos,
es
del
sistema
Corliss
Murray.
2,300 V., est dotado de todos los accesorios: reostato, excitador, ampermetros, voltmetro, interruptores automticos, pararrayos y transformadores, siendo su capacidad de 2,500 lmparas de 16 b. y suministra la luz a toda la ciudad.
The
flour
duced has
reception
as
which had a
pro-
good
in this
j
rata
1^
much
El molino, ltimo modelo de la casa Nordyke & Mannon Co., cuenta con la ms completa maquinaria de limpieza, de abastecer y humedecer el trigo al vapor, de moler cerner, purificar, desuccin y de empaque. La harina que se produce ha tenido gran aceptacin tanto en este departamento como en el Tolima y en Antoquia, debido particularmente a la seleccin de los trigos que se muelen. La marca registrada lleva el nombre Molino San Jos de Facatativ.
Department as in that of Tohma and in Antioquia, owng especially to the selection of the wheat used.
1
R
Jti^
La empresa
est asegurada en la
The registered raark has the ame "Molino San Jos DE FaC TAXATIVA The concern is insured with
.
Direccin telegrfica:
LUZERNO
Telegraph address:
"LUZERNO."
Agency
y Manuel A. Rubio.
Tiberio C. and
Calle 5a No. 6.
Manuel A. Rubio.
Calle5.N.6.
Facatativ, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
460
GONZLEZ &
CIA.
House established 1880. Exportation.
Sells permanently, Legitimidad Cigars;
Importation and
Hennessy
Wines,
textUes,
Claret
Brandy; and
goods,
others;
paint,
oils,
fancy
ropa hecha para hombres, telas encauchadas, quincallera, mercera, loza y Exporta caf cristal, tUes de escritorio, etc.
algodn,
woollen
goods
made
ware,
hides.
hardware,
haberdashery,
etc.
cueros.
stationery,
Facatativ, Colombia.
Telegrams:
Facatativ,
A.
Principal
The best renewed supply of drugs and specifics. Wholesale business done. The most liberal terma offered
capital, with greater
y con mejores garantas. La farmacia mejor servida de la ciudad. El ms escrupuloso despacho de frmulas, a cargo del seor Alberto Castrilln R., farmaceuta diplomado, con larga prctica en el ramo, quien a la vez ofrece sus servicios para la aplicacin de toda clase de inyecciones hipodrmicas, con absoluta antisepcia, y como ayudante quirrgico muy prctico en ese ramo. La nica casa vendedora en Colombia de las sin rival purgas suizas marca GANADINA, el mejor purgante del mundo para toda clase de animales, y que no debe faltar en ninguna hacienda. Esta casa atiende todo pedido que se le haga por correo o por medio de representantes.
Telgrafo
on wholesale bonds, at lower prices than in the warrant of good quality. The best seri-ed Pharmacy in the city. The most careful dispatch of prescriptions under Dr. Alberto Castrilln, R., who has had a long practice and at the same time
offers his seranees in all classes of
hypodermic injections
with careful antiseptics, also as assistant in surgical operations, in which he has had a long practice, The only house in Colombia which sells the unrivaled Swiss purge
cable:
RAJINES,
Facatativ.
"Ganadina", the best purge in the world for all kinds of animis and the purge which ought to be kept in eveiy farm. All orders are punctually devered by post or through agents. Telegrams: "Rajines."
EL MOSAICO
Constantemente encuentra usted un completo y variado surtido de mercancas de las mejores casas europeas y americanas, que por sus condiciones, calidades y precios, no admiten competencia. Especialidad en En ventas al por artculos para hombre.
You wiU always find a complete assortment of merchandise from the best European houses and American houses, which on account of their quality and price are imrivaled.
mayor
considerables
descuentos.
Visite
Colombia.
Por telgrafo:
"MOSAICO."
Discount on wholesale purchases. visit and you will be convinced. Carrera 6a Nos. 6-8, Facatativ, Colombia. Telegrams: "Mosaico."
Pay US a
Department
of Cxindinamarca,
by Seor Heliodoro Latorre With modera oven fitures, the latest Employs the
flour
systems of panifcation.
especially
best
raw
cialmenta para este establecimiento por el Molino Moderno de Facatativ. Su radio de consumo es muy grande, pues abastece la ciudad, pueblos circunvecinos, y estaciones intermedias de los ferrocarriles de la Sabana y Girardot. Precios y condiciones de contratos, fuera de toda competencia.
materials,
the
first-class
ground by the
Prices
beyond competition.
Camelln
Bakery:
Plaza
2
Fbrica:
tral,
Agencia:
Camelln Cen-
de
La
Agency:
Central
(Carrera
Direccin telegrfica:
BOYACENSE.
Facatativ, Colombia.
JENARO PARRA
El edificio que est a la vista es de propiedad de dicho seor, y figura entre uno de los mejores de la ciudad de Facatativ. Est situado en el camelln principal, carrera 2a N." 108. El seor Parra se dedica a la compra y venta permanente por mayor y menor de productos
agrcolas, ganados, etc.
The
building
shown above
is
It is situated in the chief CameCarrera 2 No. 108. Seor Jenaro Parra employs himself in the wholesale and reta
Direccin telegrfica:
Facatativ, Colombia.
Telegrams:
"Parras,"
Facatativ,
Cun-
dinamarca, Colombia.
Hardware Store
Established in the city of Facatativ seventeen
and
for
im renovado
surtido de artculos para hacendados, plvora de taladro Dupont, cristalera, tiles de escritorio, papel de colgadura, esmaltes, herramientas de todas claes, jabonera, perfumes, etc.
There
farmers
classes,
renewed
assortment
of
articles
to be found, blasting
powder Dupont,
glassware, stationery, paper hangings, tools of all soaps, perfumes, etc., etc.
Direccin
telegrfica:
Jarpea,
Facatativ,
Telegrams:
Colombia.
Universidad Nacional
Es
actual-
jefe del hospital de San Rafael de esta ciudad, mdico reconocedor de la Compaa Colombiana de Seguros de Bogot y de la Sun Life Assurance Co. del Canad. Tiene su farmacia en la carrera 2a cuadra 5a N."'' 95 y 97, en donde hay despacho permanente a cargo del facultativo far-
mente
maceuta Evaristo Snchez D., quien ofrece sus servicios en pequea ciruga. , . j * j El doctor Martn garantiza el buen xito de sus productos por estar comprobada su eficaz accin en enfermedades propias a esta regin, y son los siguientes: CPSULAS Antlgicas: quitan todo dolor por agudo que sea y no tienen contra-indicacin. Gotas Antigripales: combaten la tos de toda afeccin
. ,
Cpsulas antlgicas.
unri valed.
Cure
all
and
are
af-
Gotas antigripales.
fections.
bronco-pulmonar.
Polvos vermicidas. Kill and eject Locin roja. Prevents the falling
dandruff. Late professor at the National
Normal Institution of CunOffers his services as teacher of hygiene and natural sciences aceording to the most recent discoveries and Systems in the above named matters. Facatativ, Colombia.
dinamarca.
ALEJANDRO CASTRO
&
ClA
Hacendado con su residencia en la ciudad de Facatativ, donde tiene establecidos sus negocios de vveres y artculos de
consumo.
Facatativ, Colombia.
Agriculturist,
residing
in
the
city
of
and other
similar articles.
Facatativ., Colombia.
462
CAF DE LA ESTACIN
Este simptico establecimiento, situado en
la ciu-
dad de Facatativ, en el edificio de la estacin del ferrocarril de la Sabana y que existe hace cinco aos, es un verdadero hallazgo que encuentran los viajeros que por cualquier motivo visitan la capital de la Repblica de Colombia.
en varias golosinas que despiertan los ms exigentes en gastronoma; pero sobresale entre todo el aromtico y exquisito caf tinto, que loa viajeros creen no haber encontrado en ninguna otra parte.
especialista
el apetito,
Es
This attractive establishment is located in the city Sabana Railroad station. It has been in existence during five years, and is greatly enjoyed by travelers on their way to the capital of Colombia. It makes a specialty of appetizers of all kinds, which give an appetite even to the most exof Facatativ, in the
aun de
acting eaters.
its
Its distinguishing feature, however, is aromatic and exquisita black coffee, which travelers declare not to have found anywhere else.
J
Comerciante, Anolaima, Cundinamarca. Tiene su almacn en la plaza principal, con un surtido constantemente renovado de mercancas inglesas, americanas y del pas, que vende a los precios ms bajos de la
plaza.
encuentra una miscelnea de artculos de novecalidad, como son: lienzos, bogotanas, zarazas, paolones, sombreros, driles, mantas, calzado; toda clase de artculos de ferretera, esmaltes, cristalera, loza, plvora de varias clases, tiles de escritorio, etc.
All se
dad y de primera
Prints of
also hardware,
stationery, etc.
Tanto
cisco,
el
seor Gonzlez
los
son
Ambos son
El seor Joaqun Gonzlez, tiene adems un almacn de donde vende toda clase de artculos de consumo. All se expenden adems, cervezas de todas clases, licores, rancho, etc.
Large supply of general goods and novelties. Seor Gonzlez and his brother D. Francisco are the largest wholesale merchants in Anolaima. Both are proprietors of real estte in Anolaima.
his
Seor Joaqun Gonzlez has also a grocery store, on own property. Large retail business is carried on in
this store.
FRANCISCO GONZLEZ
Comerciante, Anolaima, Cundinamarca. Plaza principa!. Establecido en un magnifico local propio, y muy amplio. El mejor surtido de mercancas de todas clases. Ventas por mayor y menor a precios que no admiten competencia.
P
Merchant established in Anolaima, Department of Cundinamarca. His store is situated on the main square (Plaza principal).
He
which
has a permanent stock of merchandise of all kinds is constantly renewed; wholesale and retail at
Vende adems trapiches Chattanoogas y de otras marcas y varias clases de mquinas de coser. Garantiza ios artcxdos que vende en su almacn. Tambin pone a la disposicin un magnfico almacn
de
de todas clases, vveres, rancho, cigarrillos, etc., todo a los precios ms bajos del mercado. Tiene adems una explotacin de cal de la mejor calidad conocida en esta regin; est instalada con todos los elementos modernos y la mejor maquinara hasta ahora conocida. Dista de la poblacin 15 minutos y 10 de la estacin de Cachipay, una de las del ferrocarril a Girarlicores
etc.,
dot.
prices out of competition. He also sells Chattanooga milis for the cane-sugar industry and several makes of sewing machines. First-class goods and reliable in every way. guarantee is attached to every one. He has also a large liquor store where he sells ail kinds of groceries, canned goods, cigarettes, etc., etc. at the lowest prices in the market. This store is situated in a fine estte which belongs to him. Seor Gonzlez has also a hme works and is willing to undertake large contracts with builders. Fine machinery instalied. About 15 minutes' walk from the town and ten from the station of Cachipay of the
Su larga prctica en el comercio, le permite garantizar a su nimierosa clientela, que su lema invariable es vender mucho y gaiiar -poco.
Girardot Railway. His long practica in the commercial line and his motto is the key
Farmacia establecida hace bastantes aos en la poblacin de Anolaima, y una de las principales de esta plaza.
Est situada en la plaza principal, y es atendida directamente por su dueo el doctor Pinilla, quien all mismo tiene su consultorio. Despacho esmerado de frmulas, especficos de las mejores casas
productoras,
etc., etc.
Established a great
the
many
years ago in
town
is
attended personaUy by
owner, Dr.
Pinilla,
who has
same
place.
Prescriptions carefully
etc.,
introduce directaetc.
463
M. de
The
first
Juha M. de Castaeda
of first-class land,
Hijos,
all
on
this
may be
el ferrocarril
de
22.
It
is
Tiene
San Agustn
on
the
Gii-ardot
Line.
San
run
by
hydi-aulic
power
misma
derived
aguas abundantes.
Es
sin dis-
This
is
puta una de
las
mejores y ms
explotndose
en
regin;
la
hacienda
de ganado
here
there
has
the
been
cattle
adems,
las industrias
established
likewise
There are
The farm
to
La hacienda de "El
de
propiedad
del
El
L1M0N..L,
belonging
Limonal,"
seor
doctor
Carlos Castaeda
tambin
en
el
situated
Quipile,
on
the District
of
Anolaima
the
and extending as
industry
far
as
is
measures
700
fanegas;
principal
here
this
principal industria
all
es
de caa; tiene
finca
una
hi-
farm
2-t;
hydraulic
mili;
about
two
half
from the
Girardot RaUroad
line.
Las
a sec-
"San Agustn," de
en
la poblacin,
Farm San
y de
la
1
464
HACIENDA S F A R M S
SANTA LIBRADA, MILN
el
EL VAIVN
del aeor
Abraham Castaeda
T.,
en
and
EL VAIVN,
belonging to D.
Abraham
La primera de
ellas es
Cundinamarea.
Santa Librada
ia
seiscientas fanegadas
en
tierras
un
firat
bellsimo planto de caf, el que consta de noventa mil rboles, de los cuales
se hallan
ya
la
mitad
ele-
quality with a fine coffee plantation with about ninety thousand coEFee trees of which
half of
them
are yielding rich fruit; there are also augar cae plantationa; fine build-
la
caa de azcar.
los
Horse breeding
is
ganados que
farm.
Ttiia
farm
is
aituated at an
en sus criaderos.
ferrocarril
la
Magdalena.
FARMS MILN
and
EL VAIVN.
modern
it
La
Miln
es
de construccin
augar nduetry: more than 200 fanegadas of sugar are planted here.
stalled for thia industry is
of the river Gur
moderna, amplio y
toda
finca.
el
slido,
vega del
toman
in every
ia
from which
Todas
estas fincas se
lnea telefnica,
el
el
vez comunica
la
AU
by a telephonic
ia
Iine
las
ciudad,
Castaeda.
There
Trapiche
Sugar
Mills
Hacienda Miln
Miln Farm
Manuel HigTiera
Socio fundador de la Sociedad Jurdica, de la Universidad Actualmente diputado a la asamblea departamental de Cundinamarea. Acepta representaciones de casas extranjeras y del Anolaima. pas.
Abogado.
Nacional.
Lawyer. A member and founder of the Juristic Society of the National University. At present a deputy to the Assembly of the Department of Cundinamarea. Wl accept representations of domestic and foreign firms. Anolaima.
Jos
Joaqun Ordez
Physician and Surgeon. Ex-chief of general cUnic, Hospital of San Juan de Dios, and late physician of La Beneficencia, Bogot. Specialist in dermatology and internal diseases. Anolaima, Cun-
Mdico y cirujano. Antiguo jefe de clnicas generales del hospital de Bogot, y ex-mdico de la Beneficencia. Especialista en dermatologa y enfermedades internas. Anolaima, Cundinamarea.
dinamarea, Colombia.
Samuel Hernndez
Comerciante establecido en Anolaima desde 1885. Ha sido adems, tesorero municipal, puesto que desempea actualmente. Ha sido tambin sndico del hospital y registrador de instrumentos pbUcos.
Merchant
established
municipal treasurer.
Has
at Anolaima since 1885. At present also been treasurer of the hospital and
"LA MISCELNEA"
Propiedad
de
Venancio
Jimnez
A.,
establecida en la estacin de
La Esperanza
La Esperanza
country
in
station in 1912.
desde
el
surrounding
and summer
all
comarca como
contrado
los
los
en-
travelers
articles,
have foimd
it
necessary
elementos ms necesarios,
como
both
seora,
artculos
and
The stock
constantly
are
of
alimenticios.
Surtido
constantemente
replenished,
lowest.
and the
prices
the
465
HOTEL DE LA ESPERANZA
el doctor Abraham Aparicio en el ao de 1909. haeiendad del mismo nombre, de propiedad de los seores Apai'icio Hermanos, sobre la lnea del ferrocarril de Girardot
Fundado por
la
in
the year
1909.
Situatcd
Situado en
to Aparicio Brothers,
froni
on the
y a pocas horas de
la capital
de
la repblica.
Republic.
.y
Este hotel, por estar situado en un pintoresco lugar entre Crardot Bogot, a una altura de 1300 metros sobre el nivel del mar, por su
delicioso clima
templado y por
la
abundancia de aguas,
es
el
lugar
at
This hotel
is
ms concurrido por la sociedad bogotana y por todos los viajeros que van a la capital, quienes consideran de necesidad el hacer una
estacin antes de subir a la Sabana.
an
altitude
1300
meters
above
sea-level.
Fine
climate,
and
El hotel cuenta con buenas habitaciones amplias y ventiladas, en buen servicio de comedores, alumbrado elctrico, tres pisos,
hielo,
all
travelers
and
tourists
who
Bogot
>
representaciones,
cantina y billares. Tiene adems saln para cinematgrafo para tennis y croquet, baos de patios
is
three stories
ice,
There
also a
moving picture
tanks.
hall,
and two
excellent
swimming
habitaciones
Rooms
fected.
are
aparatos mo-
periodically disinCleanli-
ness throughout.
Precios mdicos.
Servicio diario de
*"';
Modrate
Daily
prices.
and
s e r-
correos
grafos.
tel-
telegraph
vice.
HOTEL SAN
Establecido en la estacin de La Mesa por su fundador don Tetimo Jimnez, antiguo propietario de El
JA^'IER
Colomhitt
Don Tetimo
It is a
Established at the La Mesa Station by its founder. Jimnez, the od proprietor of El Tambo.
Tambo.
lugar de veraneo, intermedio entre Bogot y Girardot. Magnfico clima (24 centgrados), a cinco
summer
resort located
Es
el
horas de Bogot.
Piezas y departamentos para familias, baos en la casa y en El Paraso a dos cuadras del hotel. Alimentacin esmerada y servicio de cantina.
Precios cmodos y muy bajos por mensualidades y quincenas. Oficina nacional de correos y telgrafos.
Rooms and apartments for families; baths in the hotel and in El Paraso, about 200 yards from the hotel. Select meis and bar service,
Reasonable terms, exceptionally low
fortnight.
bj- tlic
inonth or
Public post
office
and telegraph
"
office.
Direccin tehmfic'i:
TEOTIMO.
Tilegmph
addre.^ts:
TEOTIMO. "
'\m
Sugar cae plantation, coffee plantation, cattie ranchea and bambeo tree grove belonging to Messrs. Milcadea Ospina and Brothers and Dr. Enrique Morales. The narne of the concern is O.SPINA HERMANOS. Meaaures approximately 000 fanegadas of first elass ground. This farm ia watered by pur and abundantstieams; witha water pipe syatem of its own and a bcaiitiful water fountain within the house, which ia situati-d l wo blncks and a half from the town and 15 minulcs fnmi San Javier, one uf the intermedate atationa uf the Girardot Railway.
also
all
kinda
of fruit trees
and
The sugar
niU is situated
'
A los potreros ;ntran semanalmente de 150 a 200 beatiaa a pastaje. La hacienda tiene tambin un hato, aienao por lo tanto la leche de Han Nicols, l:i que primero llega a la poblacin.
The ranchea are usually stocked with from 150 to 200 horaes, mules, etc., and this farra has alao a largc dairy and the mik ia the first one to reach the town.
Daniel Rubio Pars. Located in San Javier, a station of the Girardot Railroad, 235 hektares of land planted with sugar cae and grazing graas; 60-horsepower of hydraulic energy; modern mili machinery; powerful pump that lifts 15,000 litera f filtered water per hour from the Apulo, to a height of 120 meters and a dstance of 800 meter, to supply the Paraso baths, located about 200 yards from the station.
Proprictor:
Theae baths are famous on account of their convenient ;irrangement, their perfeet cleanliness, and their excellent waters for heart, kidney and nervoua diaeases, and as a avorite resort of the people of Bogot. They are situaled !)00 meters above sea level and have an average temperature of 25 C. The chmate ia uniform and dry. They are surrounded by a picturesque cluster of summer eottages. and four hours from Bogot. Telegraph and
daily mail.
F.
SANABRIA &
ClA.
ia
domiciled in the
Caaa de comercio, negocios y comiaionea, domiciliada en la ciudad de La Mesa, fundada en 1906 por Francisco E. Sanabria, y ensanchada en 1915 por el fundador y sus dos hermanos Pablo E. y Humberto Sanabria.
and extended
bis
The house
mei^
La casa cuenta actualmente con dos almacenes de artculos de conaumo, un almacn de mercancaa extranjeras, y departamento de compras de caf, cueros y otros artculos de exportacin. Negocia en semovientes, especialmente en ganado vacuno; y ae encarga de compras y ventas de mercancaa y vverea a comisin. Domicilio social de la compaa; La Meaa, Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia.
office for
buying
all
Buainess done in
sales
Commisaion
and purchases.
of
company
in
the city of
La Mesa. Department
Cundinamarca, Colombia.
467
Its location
of the city of
on the southern
main square
La Mesa, Department
it
large
com-
Cuenta ya cerca de 15 aos de existencia este establecimiento, que es de los ms importantes de la ciudad, quiz el mejor, tanto por su acucioso y esmerado manejo, como por la abundancia de productos qumicos, medicinas y especficos con que ha procurado dotrsele, desde que se inici en el comercio de su gnero.
Bajo
la direccin
fifteen years
and
is
man-
agement as
cific
its
establishment.
Don
extended
selling,
and now
C,
Established at
La Mesa. Department
of
CUNDINA-
MARCA,
(Camelln Principal).
Manufacturing plant
for long travels,
of all
American
style
varieties.
A
and
permanent stock
shoe repairing.
of supplies in the
of saddlery,
is
The manager
man
with
many
years of practice in
workmea who
FRANCISCO PEDROZA
Comerciante
R.
Samac Store
House founded in 1905.
receives large consignments from the best
Merchant
This store has the best stock of dry goods in town and faetones of Colombia, such as the Samac, Roselln, Bello. La Antioquea, Franco Belga, Obregn, La Magdalena, the well known Aycardi flannels, Helem and many well known makes of men's underwear, fancy goods, prints, blankets. Unen for tablecloths, for handkerchiefs, ponchos, soft hats
of all sizes, cotton thread, suspenders, shoes,
Almacn Samac
Casa fundada en 1905. El almacn que cuenta con
el
mejor y ms renovado
surtido de mercancas del pas, de las mejores fbricas existentes en Colombia, tales como Samac, Roselln, Bello, La Antioquea, Franco Belga, Obregn, La Magdalena, las acreditadas franelas Aycardi, Helem, y un gran surtido de mercancas extranjeras, en especialidad gneros para camisa, blancos, lienzos, mantas, driles en Undos y elegantes estilos, gneros para sbanas, clase extra, gneros de fantasa, olanea, zarazas, magnficas cadades y buenas pintas, cobertores finos, gneros para mantel, cretona, lona blanca, paolones, pauelos, ruanas blancas, sombreros de fieltro escogidos, en todos tamaos, hilos en carreta y en madeja, pabilo, tirantes y ligas muy cmodas, calcetines, botones de todas clases. Artculos de ferretera, chuchera, y talabartera, loza esmaltada. Sombreros de Suaza, etc. Precios muy bajos: fuera de competencia. En ventas por mayor, notables descuentos.
buttons
and many
ery,
others.
Panam
hats, etc.
At wholesale
La Mesa, Cundinamarca.
Camelln Principal, N."" 259-261.
sastrera y peluquera
Tailor Shop and Barrer Shop
Taller de sastrera
Tailor shop
Proprietor,
Ramn
Ramn
cipal de
Morales H.
Morales H.
This establishment
is
situated on the
of
main Camelln of
Se confecciona toda clase de ropa para hombre, empleando las mejores telas, paos, driles, etc. Estricta puntuahdad en los compromisos. El saln de peluquera cuenta con todos los elementos modernos y goza de la mejor clientela en la poblacin, pues tiene hbiles operarios y especial esmero en la desinfeccin de los tiles.
All se
La Mesa, Department
Suits cleaned
order.
Cundinamarca.
offers all
modern conveniences to
its
como
mejor estableci-
The
tailor
in town.
468
PINEDA HERMANOS
Manuel
Sociedad establecida desde
el
& ClA.
Company
incorporated in 1907.
of
A. Pineda.
Tedulo Pineda.
ao de 1907.
Importation
European
and
North
Dealers in national
en
la
del
pas.
They handle
por
su propia cuenta y con
liabilities.
their
own
capital.
No
Negocia
capital propio.
Bywire:
:
TEDULO.
Direccin telegrfica
TEOD ULO.
edicin.
Cdigos:
Lieber's,
Samper 2a
La Mesa, Colombia.
LAS MARGARITAS
De
con
propiedad de
la familia
Martnez.
Esta hacienda
tierra
es
de primera calidad.
composed
of sugar-cane plantations
La
and
fine pastures.
power.
LA MESA,
Cundinamarca.
Est a Sil metros sobre
el
Tiene
marca.
It ia
una temperatura de 24 a 30 grados; est baada en toda su longitud por el ro Apulo. Adems, tiene en
el
situated Sil
level,
The
kilmetro 65,
el
el
nombre de
el
On
It is
misma hacienda, en
the farm
de Girardot.
65
kilometers
from
Girardot,
and
107
Manuel Ferreira R.
Comerciante y agricultor. .\Unacn El Ancla, situado en la plaza principal de La Mesa Departamento de Cundinamarca. Especialidad en zarazas, lienzos, bogotanas y artculos de cacharrera.
de la capital.
extranjeras.
Attorney at law. Agent and commission mercliaut. La Mesa, Cundinamarca. Takes charge of any Practises law in the District of La Mesa. legal matter before the Supreme Court or other legal authorities in Is wilhng to represent Bogot, capital of the Republic of Colombia.
foreign or
Colombian houses.
Establecido en
La Mesa.
-
Almacn
_
de
La Mesa. Store Le Prinlemps. Established iu Merchant. Ciood stock of foreign goods, which are renewed constantiy. Speciaty Accepts agencies from manufacturing firms. foreign fancy wares.
Honorable references.
469
EMETERIO PRTELA
Comerciante y agricultor establecido en La Mesa, Departamento de Cund amare a. Tiene su almacn de \iveres y toda clase de artculos de consumo, situado en la plaza principal. Compra y vende maz, azcar, arroz, cacao, panela, sal, etc. A ende a los precios ms bajos de vino, rancho, cervezas la plaza, por mayor y al detal: de todas clases; artculos de quincallera.
El seor Prtela tiene una finca de caas, pastos y ganados, ubicada en jurisdiccin de Anapoima. Mide aproximadamente 200 fanegadas de tierra de primera Los pastos son esclase, tiene aguas abundantes, etc.
peciales para cebar ganado.
Merchant and agriculturist established in LA MESA, Department of Cundinamarca. Has a large grocery store situated in the main square (plaza principal) Buys and sells Indian corn, sugar, rice, cocea, raw sugar,
salt, etc.. etc.
Wines, canned goods, beers, hardware and crockery. Seor Prtela has a sugar cae plantation with fine
pastures for cattle in the district of
ANAPOIMA.
first class
It
land
The pastures
cattle.
L.
de Bogot.
Appointed physi-
enfermedades de
Es mdico
y miembro de
la
of
Ejerce su profesin
Practises at
partment
of
Cundinamarca.
Owns
m.
plaza
and Consulting
cipal.
offices situated at
1
donde atiende su
clientela
de
a 5 p.m.
Hours from
to 5 p.
En
Keeps a
stantly
me-
y americanas.
Jf<W tiKKW^.:.^-'.
EL SENA
Bar situado en
la
plaza principal de
La Mesa.
del
of
LA MESA,
Roa C.
licores,
Department
rancho, vinos, cer-
of
Surtido completo de
Roa
C.
of Uquors,
vezas de todas
Complete stock
Faney
articles,
is
gunpowder,
etc., etc.
Seor Roa
in mules
also
ganado.
and
cattle.
is
El Sena
cin,
es el
se
punto ms cntrico de
los
EL SENA
all
the mer-
donde
renen todos
hacendados, co-
merciantes, etc.
Small commis-
siones
El seor Roa se encarga de toda clase de comiy agencias relacionadas con sus negocios de
la
esquina de
Cortzar House,
the
La Mesa, Cundinamarca.
of
plaza principal.
Importacin de mercancas de Inglaterra, Francia y Estados Unidos, con especialidad de las siguientes:
zarazas, lienzos, bogotanas, diagonales, fantasas, mantas y artculos de lujo. Hay tambin el mejor surtido de quincallera, chuchera, esmalte, licores, rancho, cigarrillos y artculos
main square.
Direct importation of English, French and American woolen goods, fancy and
best stock in crockery, canned goods, cigarettes
articles.
The
para hombre.
and men's
CofTee
Es la casa de comercio ms antigua y cuenta con la mejor y mayor clientela y comodidades. Exporta caf y cueros. En el ramo de agricultura, cuenta con la elaboracin de la mejor panela y azcar y ganadera. Situadas estas fincas en jurisdiccin del municipio de QuipUe y Anolaima.
Modrate prices. is well patronized. and hide exporters. Sugar and cattle industry carried on on a large scale. Farms situated in the District of Quipilc and AnoThis store
laima.
470
ciudad de La Mesa,
La Mesa, a
kinds
is
muy
comercial.
All tiene
para
la
venta toda
etc.,
Sells all
de drogas,
las
especficos,
perfumes,
etc.
It
one
Es una de
blecidas.
farmacias
ms antiguas
aD esta-
pharmacies in the
city.
The
greater
La mayor
part of
its
introducidos directamente.
RUFINO BAUTISTA
IVIerchant
EL COLEGIO,
Department of
Cundinamarca.
His main business
Seor Bautista
is
commerce,
cofee
and
hides,
is
many modern
ele-
ments
store;
Seor Bautista buys coffee and hides at the best pnces in the market.
He
is well
known and
sells
beers of
all
kinds, wholesale
and
retail.
It is
he who
sells
He owns
Comerciante y comisionista establecido en El Colegio, Departamento de Cundinamarca.
also a large
bakery with
fine
Su principal negocio
es el
comercio y
la
compra de
El seor Bautista es uno de los mayores compradores de caf y frutos en la regin; al efecto tiene instalada una gran estufa con todos los elementos modernos para secar caf; est situada a unos. pocos metros de sus almacenes; tanto el edificio de los almacenes,
como
el
de
la estufa,
y cueros a los mejores precios de la plaza, para lo cual cuenta con un buen capital, fuera de que el seor Bautista goza del mejor crdito y simpata en toda la regin, debido al estricto cumplimiento que acostumbra tener para todos sus negocios y a su espritu altruista y de progreso.
caf
Compra
En
y
el
al detal;
almacn de licores, el seor Bautista vende cervezas de todas clases, por mayor se puede decir que es quien vende estos artculos en mayor cantidad.
Adems, tiene una gran panadera, con magnficos hornos, donde se fabrica pan de primera calidad, galletas, bizcochos, etc.
Shop founded and established at EL COLEGIO, Department of Cundinamarca, ten years ago.
It is situated at the entrance of the town and is fitted with modern maehinery well adapted for the manufacturing of sugar n^ills, Pelton wheels, special maehinery for the coffee industry and all kinds of iron, copper and tin goods.
Est situado en la entrada de la poblacin y cuenta con toda la maquinaria y elementos modernos, para la fabricacin de fondos para trapiche, ruedas hidrulicas, mquinas para descerezar caf, hornillas, puertas de hierro, y en general toda clase de trabajos en hierro, cobre,
estao, etc.
Cuenta el establecimiento con un magnfico torno; calderos y todo lo necesario para fundicin. Tanto la casa del seor Cruz, como el local de la fundicin, son de su propiedad. Tiene adems un terreno en la hacienda llamada de Trujillo; extensin que mide aproximadamente 2.t fanegadas; esta tierra es especial para caf y ceba de ganado. Tanto los talleros como los negocios de campo son manejados personalmente por el seor Cruz.
Absoluta garanta en
los trabajos
Tliis establishmcnt
has a
fine
appliances.
Mr. Cruz owns also the largo buildngs in which he has established his large maehinery. He owns Ukewise a farm known as Trujillo, with an rea of 25 fanegadas approximately. This land is well adapted for the coffee indn.stry and fattening of cattie. Everything belonga to Seor Cruz.
Guarantees every
article
que
se le confen.
manufactured in
his shops.
471
Merchant and commission agent established at EL COLEGIO. Department of CUNDINAMARCA. He has his store in the main street of this town and keeps a fine stock in all kinds of merchandise imported from England and North
America, which he sells at the lowest prices. Wholesale and retail. The store of Seor Londoo has been established for several years and is well patronized, owing not only to the quality of its goods but to the low prices. He sells fine machinery brought from Antioquia for the
coffee industry.
many
wrappers,
fine
Panam
Hardware
canned goods,
liquors, cigarettes
tiles
and a
de
escritorio, artculos
This farm
cipality of
is
El Colegio, Department
of Cundinamarca,
and
is
the
prop-
el
Departaes pro-
mento de Cundinamarca, y
HOTEL TORRES
Plaza^principal de Tocaima, organizado con buenas comodidades para los veraneantes y pasajeros. El local es propio y tanto las habitaciones como los comedores son amplios y ventilados. Es el primer hotel que encuentra el viajero al subir de la estacin.
Situated on the Plaza Principal (Main square) of Tocaima and fitted up with modern conveniences. It owns its building with large halls and rooms. This is the first hotel which meets the traveler's eye when he aghts from the train.
all
Its owner and manager is Seor Moiss Torres who also owns two famous and large pasture farms suitable for the fattening of cattle. The ame of one is San Antonio and that of the other Corinto, about 15 minutes from the town on the main road leading to Girardot. Both farms are crossed by the rivulet Acuat, salt water with great medicinal properties.
Su
es
propietario
admi-
These farms measure approximateiy 400 fanegadas and one river the is farms Bogot. Both farms are situated amidst fine scenery as may be judged from the accompanying photographs. Seor Torres is one of the
these
progressive regin; he
of the
boundary
lines of
"San
distantes lo minutos de la poblacin. Atraviesa ambas fincas Acuat, agua salada con grandes propiedades medicinales.
Miden aproximadamente 400 fanegadas y lindan con el ro Bogot. Ambas gozan de un magnfico panorama. El seor Torres es de los hombres ms progresistas; administra sus negocios y lleva
varios aos de experiencia en los ramos de hotel, ganado, etc.; siendo tambin empresario del cinematgrafo, teatro, etc., del lugar.
that personal manager of his affairs and has had several years of practical experience in the hotel and cattle business; he hasinstalled recently a movingpicture hall. a theatre, etc., in Tocaima.
citizens
is
of
the
Tocaima, Depart.
of
CUN-
Tocaima, Cundinamarca.
DINAMARCA, COLOMBIA.
472
CSAR
P.
MUNAYAR
town
Dry-goods
store,
located
in
the
of
The
store
is
situated
all
on
Dicho almacn est situado en la plaza y en l se encuentra toda clase de telas de lana y algodn, lienzos, zarazas, camiprincipal,
sas, frazadas, etc., etc.
and keeps
kinds of
al
pas
sus
his
goods directly.
HOTEL CACHIPAY
Cachipay, Cundinamaeca
This picturesque and comfortable establishment has been recently opened, with all the comfort and modern improvements, by Seor Duffo, who hashadalongpracticein
this class of busness.
Cachipay, a station of the Girardot railway, is a place situated halfway between Bogot, capital of the Repubc, and Girardot, a port on the river Magdalena. Itscli-
mate
is
great quantity of
found there.
The hotel Cachipay is the first that the traveler finds on arriving at this place, being situated opposite the railway station; it is the only hotel till now in this place with
the comfort and cleanliness of modem times; the house is perfectly detached in the form of a Swiss chalet; it has abundant waters, light and ventilation and a beautiful view. It has the best bath and water-closet service.
Cachipay, Cdndinamarca.
Este pintoresco y cmodo establecimiento ha sido fundado recientemente, con todas comodidades y elementos modernos, por el seor Guillermo Duffo, quien lleva varios aos de prctica en este gnero de negocios.
las
Although the Hotel Cachipay has been recently established, it has already acquired ame and it has most select patronage, who go there constantly. Its price per person ia two dollars per day; the price per month will be fixed by speciai agreement.
the best
Cachipay, estacin del ferrocarril de Girardot, es un punto situado aproximadamente en la mitad del trayecto entre Bogot, capital de la repblica, y Girardot, puerto sobre el ro Magdalena. Su clima, de temperatura media, es magnfico, y sus aguas puras y abundantes. All se encuentra especialmente una gran variedad de frutas y legumbres.
Prvate apartments for famiUes. Careful dining-room rooms seprate from the rest of the building.
service.
Bars and
billiard
El Hotel Cachipay es lo primero que encuentra el viajero al llegar a este lugar, pues queda situado frente a la estacin, y es el primero y nico establecimiento hasta hoy en este sitio, con las comodidades e higiene modernas. Su edificio, enteramente aislado de toda otra edificacin, tiene la forma de gran chalet, goza de buena cantidad de agua, luz y ventilacin, y de un bellsimo panorama. Tiene el mejor servicio de baos
e inodoros.
A pesar del poco tiempo que lleva el Hotel Cachipay de establecido, goza hoy de mejor crdito y cuenta con una magnfica clientela que lo frecuenta constantemente.
Su tarifa de S2.00 oro, por da, por persona, est mensuales a precios convencionales.
Apartamentos independientes especiales para
al alcance
de todos,
Pensiones
familias.
Esmerado
servicio de
come-
473
GIRARDOT
Girardot, ciudad de fundacin moderna, es el principal puerto sobre el Magdalena en Cundinamarca, y una de las plazas ms comerciales de la repblica. El vapor, ese principal heraldo del progreso, no poda detenerse en las costas martimas colombianas o en las aguas del Bajo Magdalena, y rompiendo obstculos, tenidos antes por insuperables, venciendo la impetuosidad de los chorros del Salto de Honda, volando a su paso las rocas que la naturaleza ha puesto en las corrientes, hace de Girardot el lazo de unin de dos de sus ms bellas manifestaciones: la locomotora y los buques del ro. Punto de escala para los ltimos, que hacen con toda regularidad el servicio en el Alto Magdalena, es arranque del ferrocarril que une al ro Magdalena con la altiplanicie de Bogot; se halla tambin unido al Departamento del Tolima por el majestuoso puente colgante sobre el ro, de resistencia de 800 kilogramos por metro, con un factor de seguridad de -l4'^ el tablero o las maderas del piso resisten un peso vivo de 6,000 kilogramos, y el puente resiste sin dao alguno la fuerza de los huracanes que soplen con una presin de 200 kilogramos por metro cuadrado
Girardot, a city of recent origin, is the principal port Cundinamarca on the Magdalena river, and one of the most important commercial centers in the republic. Steam, that main harbinger of progress, could not stop on the Colombian shores or in the waters of the Lower Magdalena; and, surmounting obstacles that were thought insurmountable, subduing the impetuous Salto de Honda (Honda Rapids) by blasting the rocks with which natura had obstructed the path of the river, has made of Girardot the connecting link between two of the most beautiful manifestations of that civilizing agency the locomotive and the steamer. The city is both a stopping place for the Upper Magdalena steamboats and the starting point of the railroad that connects the river with the Bogot plateau; it is also connected with the Department of Tolima by a magnificent suspensin bridge over the Magdalena, having a strength of 800 kilograms per meter, with a factor of safety of 4J^. The floor has a live-load strength of 6,000 kilograms, and the design of the whole bridge was made for a -wind pressure of 200 kilograms per square meter. The
o
Puerto de Girardot
Port
of Girardot
de superficie expuesta a su fuerza; tiene un span central de 328' 1", y su ancho de extensin es de 10 pies; la altura sobre la superficie de las aguas medias es de 51' 9^". Hay en Girardot diez hoteles confortables, un parque, provisto de cantina, salones, baos y servicio culinario; una magnfica red de albaales corre paralelamente al ro en un trayecto de 650 metros, y desemboca en ste. El mercado pblico es de cal y canto y techo de zinc; tiene un pabelln para carnes, con mesas de cemento, uno para vveres, dos patios y noventa y un locales para tiendas; cost .180,000 oro, da una renta de $1,200 y tiene una capacidad de 2,591,800 metros cbicos. Hay siete chircales o fbricas de barro cocido, que producen mensualmente 140,000 piezas, y una alfarera que produce atanores de excelente
calidad.
center span measures 328 feet 1 inch; width, 10 feet; height above mean water level, 59 feet 9^^ inches. There are in Girardot ten comfortable hotels; a park, in which there are several bar-rooms, sitting rooms, baths and restaurants. The city has an excellent system of sewers running parallel to the Magdalena in a distance of 650 meters, and emptjing into the river. The public market place is made of masonry, with a zinc roof; it has a compartment for meat, %vith cement tables, and one for other provisions; two court yards, and ninety-one spaces for shops. It cost 80,000 doUars, produces an income of There 1,200, and has a capacity of 2,591,800 cubic meters. are in the city seven kilns, which produce 140,000 pieces per month, and a tile-drain works, which produces pipe of
excellent quality.
ao de 1915 entraron a Girardot 18,545,593 kilogramos de carga de importacin y saheron 24,558,180 kilogramos de exportacin. El movimiento de pasajeros en las embarcaciones, durante el mismo ao, dio un total de 18,880. El valor de las importaciones anuales de Girardot se calcula en cinco millones de pesos oro, y el de
el
Durante
During the year 1915, about 18,545,593 kilograms of import freight, and 24,558,180 kilograms of export trade, went through Girardot, as Avell as 18,880 passengers. The valu of the annual imports going through Girardot is csti-
mated
From
474
it
at 5,000,000 dollars, antl that of exports, af 2,000,000. the markets of southern Cundinamarca, central
Puerto "Los
las
Guamos" Port
of
"Los Guamos"
Girardot
exportaciones en dos millones. Su jnercado surte al occidente y al sur de Cundinamarca, al centro del Tolima y parte del norte, al Huila y a gran parte del Quindo. Existen seis fbricas de aguardiente, que producen 8,000
botellas mensuales; hay seis fbricas de cigarros, de las cuales son principales la del seor Luis F. Blanco, que produce 130,000 cigarros por mes, y la de Villa, que produce 150,000 cigarros por mes; la fbrica Oliveros produce 100,000; la de Caballero, 100,000; la de Mauricio Lozano, En suma, Girardot 40,000; y una fbrica pequea, 5,000. produce 525,000 cigarros de todas clases mensualmente.
of northern Tolima, the Department of Huila and a large part of the Quindo regin are supplied. There are six aguardiente distilleries, which produce 8,000 bottles per month; six cigar faetones, of which the principal ones are Luis F. Blanco's, producing 130,000 cigars per month, and Villa's, producing 150,000; the Oliveros factory produces 100,000; Caballero's, 100,000; Mauricio Lozano's, 40,000, and a smaller factory, 5,000. Girardot produces in all 525,000 cigars of all kinds per month. There are three coffee-thrashing works belonging to Isaacs Brothers and Pedro A. Lpez & Company, and
and part
Ro Magdalena
Magdalena
476
River
one belonging to JSIr. ISIanuel Nez U. The first concern has a 35 horse-power oil motor, and a 40 horse-power steam motor. The "orks, whose capacity is 90 loads (cargas) per day thrashes at present 60 loads and employs 70 sortLng R-omen. Beside the thrashing works there are two icemaking machines, wliich produce 2,000 pounds per day, vrorking only to one-third of their actual capacity. Ice is sold at the rate of 81, paper, per pound. Pedro A. Lpez & Company's works have a 25 horse-power steam motor and can thrash 240 sacks in 12 hours. It employs 180
sorting -Tomen. Public Lnstruction is higlily developed in the municipality. There are 22 educational institutions, 15 public and 7 prvate, attended by 735 boys and 518 girls.
plant develops 120 horsepower. operates the pump that supplies the city's aqueduct, and at night it lights Girardot, Agua de Dios and Tocaima. The plant is worth about 350,000 doUars, and its average returns per month is 3,500 dollars. The municipality pays for public lighting, which is effected by 200 sixteen-candle power lanips, and the national treasury pays for the lighting of the ports, which is effected by means of two pumps of 2,700 candlepower each. The electric energj- goes over, from the plant to the aqueduct pump, a distance of 24 kilometers, and to Agua de Dios, a distance of 8 kilometers. The aqueduct tank has a capacity of 600,000
electric
it
The Girardot
liters.
>k
Cuenta la ciudad con un cementerio catlico y uno laico. Actualmente se construye un muelle en el ro Magdalena, de grandes dimensiones, en forma de malecn, para la carga y descarga de las embarcaciones; tendr ms o menos 800
metros de largo, con campo para el atraque simultneo de cinco buques. Se proyecta la fundacin de un banco de giro y descuento.
Several Girardot.
daily
in
The city has a Catholic and a lay cemetery. At present there is in process of construction a very large pier on the ^lagdalena river to expedite the loading and unloading of vessels. It will be about 800 meters long and sufcient to accommodate five boats. It is intended to establish in the city a bank for exchange and discount operations.
476
Founded
1900.
in
en
el
ao de 1900.
Situado frente a
la
y reorganizado por y
tion; reorganized
its
by
its
owner.
It offers
guests and
summer
residents large
veraneantes habitaciones
tiladas
amplias, ven-
desinfectadas;
cocina francesa
aseo;
del
pas;
completo
baos
bien
deliciosos; automvil;
cantina
muy
all
the com-
surtida,
cibles
y todas
la
las
comodidades apete-
may
be desired by persons of
por
good
taste.
Propietario:
Pro-
477
VASQUEZ HERMANOS
GiRABDOT, Colombia
Esta rica sociedad comercial est formada por los siguientes socios: Pablo Emilio, Misael, Rubn, Csares, Mamerto y Uladislao Vsquez. Es propietaria de las siguientes haciendas situadas en el Departamento
de Cundinamaroa:
entre Girardot
el
La
Virginia,
la capital
de
la repblica;
ferrocarril
los
llanos
de San Martn,
que une aquellos dos grandes centros comerciales. En posee los siguientes hatos de ganado:
This rich commercial company is formed by the foUowing partners Pablo Emilio, Misael, Rubn, Csares, Mamerto and Uladislao Vsquez. It is the proprietor of the following ranches situated in the Department of Cundinamarca: "Paquil", on the banks of the Magdalena River; "La Virginia" between Girardot and the capital of the Republic; this property is traver.5ed by the railroad which unites On the plains of San Martn, it those two large commercial centres. "Barrancas," "Indostn" and possesses the following cattle-ranches
:
Dicha sociedad
se
ocupa tambin
en
el
comercio de exportacin de productos del pas, tales como caucho, y otros artculos en que son prodigiosaricas
engaged also in the commerce of exportation of products of the country, such as rubber, ivory nuts, heron feathers, cinchona, and other articles in which the eastern
"Chichimene."
The company
is
mente
de Colombia.
Direccin telegrfica:
Hermanos.
Telegraphic address:
"Hermanos."
ERNESTINA MORA
Girardot, Colombia.
G
House founded
in 1904.
Sale
directly
of
ex-
Expendio de
directa-
cellent
wines,
imported
from
of
importados
Spain.
articles
A
of
large
mente de Espaa.
manente de
Gran depsito
per-
artculos de loza
y de esmalte,
petrleo,
y harina de
de
Seguros
2730.
los
Estados Unidos.
la
with
the
"General In-
Compaa
segn
surance
to
Company"
of Bogot, acoording
It
de
Bogot,
policy
No. 2730.
deals
also
in
No.
Negocia tambin en
fruits
and national
articles.
artculos nacionales.
Girardot, Colombia.
el
This important commercial house was founded in the year 1896 by Guillermo Vila, a very honorable member of the society of Ibagu, who has occupied high positions in the public administration owing to his probity and honesty. It is one of the richest stores of the city. It imports and exports diverse articles on a large scale and The second manager of especially attends to the cattle industry. the house is an honorable gentleman, Mr. Alejandro Va, son of Mr. Gulermo, who by recent arrangements, which will give a great mpetus to their business with the foundation of some factories, has added to the resources of the firm the financial cooperation of the industrious Antioquian population.
Mr.
478
ANTONIO ORDOEZ
Maquinaria para
las
la fabricacin
Machinery
the same.
of gaseous drinks
and
utensils for
mismas.
caf.
Maquinaria para
Machinery
gaseosas
for coffee.
Fbrica de bebidas
Factory
of
Gaseous
Drinks
La Colombiana.
Agencia de negocios y comisiones.
"La Colombiana."
General agency and commission business.
Por telgrafo:
Ordez.
Bytelegraph: Ordez.
Girardot, Colombia
Girardot, Colombia
Direct
Importa tion
Establishment
founded
in
the
year
1906,
under the
Dr.
G.
E.
Duran,
specialist
tropical
diseases
of
and
Canad."
situated on the
"Avenida
of Girardot.
Girardot, Colombia
Establecimiento fundado en
el
ao de 1906, bajo
la inteli-
DEL CANAD.
los
Est situada en
Avenida
del
Comercio, uno de
Girardot, Colombia.
479
droguera de
J.
J.
Barrios
&
C.^ballero's
Owners
Port.
Messrs. Barrios
&
chief
and England.
Store situated on one of the principal commercial streets.
Girardot, Colombia.
De
las
mejores establecidas en
el
puerto de Girardot.
Importadora
de drogas y especialidades de
las
y de
los
Estados unidos.
las principales
casas productoras
en
el
ramo.
Vende adems de
esto, vinos,
ms
finos.
Su droguera
de Girardot.
est situada en
una de
puerto
ALEJANDRO ESCOBAR
el
Commercial
the year 1908.
House
established
in
Esplndido
rancho, vinos
surtido
de
mercancas,
food, wines
marcas.
brands.
It attends to the purchasing
ping of fruits
best terms.
for
el
cobro de
Agent Banks in
town.
of
Recibo y despacho de carga para Bogot, el sur del Tolima, Ibagu, Honda,
etc.
Shipment
the south of
etc.
cargoes
for
Bogot,
Agente de
la
Compaa General de
Seguros de Bogot.
Referencias: Banco de Colombia, Banco de Bogot, Compaa General de
&
Ca.
Girardot, Colombia.
Banco de Colombia, References: Banco de Bogot, General Insurance Company, Agustn Nieto & Co.
Girardot, Colombia.
480
MANUEL NNEZ
GiEARDOT, Colombia
U.
Establecido
en
Established
at
aos,
se en-
years.
Reships
ceives
cargo,
and
despacho de carga,
trilla
thrashes
coffee,
compra
cobro de
and buys
de
caf,
collects drafts,
etc.,
etc.
El seor
es
Nez
Mr.
also
Nez
is
tambin agente
la
an agent of
de
Compaa
de
the
Colombiana
Seguros,
sub-
pany
sub-
EL PARQUE"
Bellsimo
y agradable establecimiento de
a un lado de
la
reoreo, situado
ferrocarril.
la estacin del
A very beautiful and agreeable recreation estabshment, situated at the side of the
Raroad
Station. It is the site preferred by the ladies and gentlemen of the most distinguished society. It has its own service of
caballeros
Es el sitio y damas de
preferido
por
los
ms
distinguida
sociedad.
Tiene servicio propio de automviles y carruajes. Juegos de billar, tresillo, Magnfico servicio de comedores y canetc.
Games
of biUiards,
Magnificent
dining-room
and
tina.
los
ms
solicitados de la
ciudad.
Proprietario:
bar service. The baths are the most frequented in the city. Proprietor: Alberto Fajardo, Girardot,
Colombia.
Colombia.
ALJURE
Esta
seores
L. Saal.
& ClA
This business firm was incorporated by
Messrs.
compaa
fu
fundada
por
los
David
Habel
David
Saal.
all
Aljure,
Jos
Latuff
and
and
Habel L.
Importa toda clase de mercancas, y al mismo tiempo exporta gran cantidad de cueros, cacao, caucho, y muchos otros
artculos.
Imports
kinds of merchandise
Has
lished
its
in
pont
on
the
tiene
establecida
en Girardot, puerto
Magdalena River.
Telegraphic address;
"Daljure."
Telgrafo
Daljure
Code used:
5" edicin.
A. B. C. 5th edition.
Cdigos:
A.
B.
C.
Girardot, Colombia.
Girardot, Colombia.
481
TEODORO VERSTEGUI
Merchant established
de Girardot, en
Nos. 110-112.
kinds of goods.
Vende toda
clase de mercancas.
Telegraphic address:
Direccin telegrfica:
Girardot, Colombia.
"Teodulo."
Teodulo.
Girardot, Colombia.
of Girardot
Debido
al
el ejercicio
de su
Owing
and
of their profession
and to the
cuales tienen
an immense
renovado, y que importan directamente, han puesto su botica a la altura de las que gozan de gran fama en
dicho puerto.
made
Las recetas
Direccin telegrfica:
Girardot, Colombia,
Telegraphic address:
"PULIDOS.
Girardot, Colombia, S. A.
MIGUEL CAYCEDO
Casa de comercio establecida en 189S.
artculos de
O,
Commereial house established in 1898. Sale
of articles of excellent quality.
Expendio de
excelente cahdad.
Importadores directa-
Deals in
all
mente de
las
kinds of
hides
home
coffee.
and
are insured
caf.
Local y mercancas se
against
fire
with the
asegurados de
contra incendio
en
la
Compaa
en
el
of Bogot.
General
Seguros
de
Bogot.
Referencias
References abroad:
York);
exterior: Williams
&
Ottard
Dupuy
(Bordeaux);
Factory of Preserves of
Burdeos;
Fbrica
de
Laxan,
Suiza;
Laxan
(Switzerland)
Snchez
Romate
Brothers,
Buen A. Sola
Reig (Barcelona).
Girardot, Colombia.
HOTEL HONDA
It is
city.
Excelfor
Es uno de
mentos para
los
ms
centrales
de la ciudad.
lent
dining service
It is only
is
families.
Station and
es el
ms cercano
al
Magdalena River.
Modrate
prices.
puerto del
ro
Magdalena.
Precios mdicos.
Girardot.
Ortegn Hnos.,
Propietarios,
Ortegn Bros.,
Proprietors, Girardot.
482
Fabrica
sus
productos
con
el
el
It
manufactures
its
products with
de diversas
clases
precios.
los prefiere.
Isaas Villa R.
Girardot, Colombia, S.
A.
"EL TRABAJO"
El
ms importante
taller
de car-
excelente
reciente-
mente de los Estados Unidos, movida por medio de electricidad. Emplea materiales de primera clase
en todos
los artculos
It
employs
first class
mait
que fabrica.
gerentes-
terials
which
makes.
Razn
social
de
sus
propietarios:
Casas
& Guerra.
Firm ame
" Casas
Girardot, Colombia.
Girardot, Colombia.
qumicos y farmacuticos,
el
MHB^^^ ^*^
'^H^jK^S^.
""^^^^BBSSS^
Importers
^^'^>
of
drugs,
chemicals,
-'WB^HK^^
established in 1895.
establecida en
ao de 1895.
It
las
Girardot.
Prepares
all
kinds of prescriptions.
-,
M^^aS ^.
1.
iieqi |Jia
^ "~
i.
^j^IL.MI
ni
ik.Gl
v
I
r^
Calle 7 No.
r,
t.t
1.
Calle
nmero
Telgrafo
Espinosap.
Girardot, Colombia.
Telegrams: ."Espinosap."
Girardot, Colmnhia
Taller de maderas.
Posee maqui-
Propietarios-Directores:
Samuel
Proprietors-Directors:
Samuel A.
M.
M.
Direccin
telegrfica:
Brazin-
"Brazin-
dustrial, Girardot.
DUSTRiAL," Girardot.
.483
imports
merchandise
of
all
men
and women.
Large
factory
of
Gran
hombre,
fbrica
iguales
de
a
camisas
las
de
para mejor
men's
shirts
made
in Europe.
clase europea.
Direct importation.
Girardot, Colombia.
Farm
of fine pastures
J.
and
coffee plantation
owned by
of
Seor Jos
La
Palma, Department
of Seor Montero.
Mide
tierra
la finca
hay actualmente en produccin tiene agua abundante y est muy bien situada, pues dista una y media horas de La Palma; a igual distancia de Caparrap y a un da del camino de Honda, puerto sobre el ro Magdalena.
de primera
25,000 matas de
caf;
trees in cultivation; as
it is
Honda on
and
La hacienda
real
tiene
buena maquinaria.
class
machinery.
The farm
crossed
to
by the
leads from
La Palma
Caparrap.
presenta
un
a mountainous district,
from which a
view
may
be obtained.
first class
and
he
Seor Anzola keeps up an active trade in Uvestock; is the owner of a fine house in the town.
en
la
poblacin.
leading to
The farm of Omopi is situated by the main road La Palma, Caparrap, Utica, Honda, etc.
real
La Hacienda de Omopi queda a un lado del camino que conduce de La Palma a Caparrap, Utica,
etc.
LA PALMA,
COLOMBIA.
Department
of
Cundinamarca,
Honda,
MXIMO CACERES
Hacendado, agricultor y comerciante establecido en Propietario de la hacienda llamada El Hato, finca de pastos, caf y caa, situada a dos horas de la poblacin, y a medio da de Honda, puerto sobre el ro Magdalena; tiene una extensin de 600 fanegadas; buena cantidad de agua y cuenta hoy con 30,000 matas
Agriculturist
LA PALMA.
and
La Palma.
Owner
sugar
of
the farm
EL HATO,
pastures, coffee
de caf en produccin.
principal de
hours from the town and half a day distant from Honda, a port on the banks of the river Magdalena; it has an extensin of 600 fanegadas; large quantities of water and over 30,000 coffee trees in production.
cae,
is situated in the main square has constantly a permanent stock of English and American goods of the best quality. These goods comprise all the popular prints, drugs, hardware, liquors, cigarettes, canned goods and others.
situated two
El almacn del seor Cceres. situado en la plaza La Palma, tiene permanentemente un gran surtido de mercanca inglesa y americana, de primera caUdad, tal como: lienzos, bogotanas, zarazas, driles, diagonales, mantas, paolones; artculos de chuchera,
droguera,
ferretera,
The
store of
Mr. Cceres
of
LA PALMA and
rancho,
licores,
cigarrillos,
etc.
Wholesale and
Seor Cceres
sells coffee,
retail.
is
Vende por mayor y al detal. El seor Cceres es adems comisionista: compra y vende caf, cueros y toda clase
de semovientes.
also a
all
commission agent.
kinds of Uve stock.
He buya and
hides
and
Vicente Lafaurie
Fabricante de jarabes de todas clases.
Girardot, Cundinamarca.
class.
Girardot, Colombia, S.
A.
484
LA
PALMA
Interior de la iglesia
Interior o Church
An
attractive city of the
Antonio Robledo, en
Gutirrez de Ovalle.
est a
llamado Minip!;
al lugar
pero por
lo insalubre
en 1563
una
Department of Cundinamarca, 12 myriaFounded in 1560 by Antonio Robledo, at a place called Minip; the unhealthfulness of the chmate led to its being transferred in 1563 by Gutirrez de OvaUe to the site it now occupies. It has an average temperature of 22 C, and is 1147 meters above sea-level. During colonial times it was an important city. Having
meters west of Bogot.
de
la
it
and was
its
known
as
Of
all
De
la
un vago
recuerdo.
Desde
memory remains
city, it
today.
itself
From
its
dedicated
to the
Virgen Mara en
bella
Una
giorification of the
in the
y milagrosa imagen de
ascent to Heaven.
The whole
Holy Mother
of God,
los que con fe han acudido a ella en solicitud de socorro para alguna necesidad, ha sido defraudado en sus esperanzas, y es reconocido su poder y eficacia para alejar las epidemias y enfermedades con-
guno de
who
is
No
The image
is
tagiosas.
los fieles
a tan bondadosa
As a token
of gratitude
templo levantado en su honor, debido a la laboriosidad y constancia del doctor Feliciano Vega, hijo de La Pakna, quien fu cura de la parroquia durante 50 aos.
Madre,
mag-
la
viven llamando
oscurantista y retrgrado.
Ser porque todas las obras de progreso son iniciadas y llevadas a cabo los sacerdotes; solamente ellos levantan templos, abren hospitales,
asilos
ellos
la
se
y desheredados de
fortuna.
They constantly charge the clergy with being an euemy of education and progress, and yet all progressive work is initiated and carried out by priests. They are the only ones who raise churches, open hospitals, asylums, and houses of beneficence, and they alone look after the fate of the poor and unfortunate. "They
the Catholic faith
have eyes to
see,
Los habitantes estn hoy dedicados al cultivo del caf en grande escala. El caf se produce muy abundante y de la mejor clase. Los terrenos son en lo general frtiles, se cosechan los frutos de tierra caliente y de tierra fra, y se puede vivir econmicamente. Faltan brazos y
capitales, los que, si llegaran, podran obtener
The inhabitants
and
yields
on a very
are low.
is generaUy fertile, aU the products of hot and cold climates. Living expenses However, there is a scarcity of hands and capital, which, if
muy
pinges ganancias.
introduced, could
make
large profits.
Puente de tica
tica
Bridge
Frente de la iglesia
Front
of
Church
485
SEGUNDO MARROQUlN
Hacendado y comerciante establecido en La Palma, Cundinamarca; es dueo de la finca llamada Aconcha, situada a quince minutos de la poblacin. All se produce caf, y se cra ganado. El seor Marroqun es socio del almacn que fu de Francisco Vega; all se encuentra toda clase de artculos de consumo, tales como: jabn, petrleo, esperma, galletas, cigarrillos, rancho; gran surtido de licores, artculos de chuchera,
All atiende
LA PALMA,
of
the
farm
en la plaza principal. tambin el seor Marroqun a la compra de Es caf, cueros, etc.; todo por cuenta de la sociedad. adems comisionista y se encarga de la compra de caf, cueros, etc., como tambin de la compra y venta de toda
locera, ferretera, etc.; est situado
ame
of the
Company.
He is likewise commission
clase de semovientes.
three hundred
Dueos adems de parte de las fincas llamadas Vuelta Zumbe y Cajia, stas ltimas de clima clido.
Los seores Escobar son fuertes productores de caf y negocian en ganado de cra y bestias.
plantation and fine pastures measuring approximately and eighty fanegadas. and This firm owns also the farms VUELTA, CAJITA; the two last named are situated in warm
ZUMBE
climates.
EL HATO
is
of this regin.
its fine site
Its
"El Hato" es una de las ms pintorescas fincas de la regin y de las mejores por la calidad de sus aguas; su excelente clima de 20 y estar situada sobre el camino real que conduce a Hondale dan valor especial; dista una y media horas de La Palma y tres de tica.
and
near
this farm very about an hour and a half distance rom LA PALMA and three hours from tJtica. The acconpanying view shows the house of the farm of EL HATO and some cattle raised on this farm.
Honda make
ANTONIO ZAPATA
Residencia en La Palma del seor Antonio Zapata.
LA PALMA,
Department
of
Cundinamarca.
es
miembro de
la
junta de higiene.
Speciahst in tropical diseases and venereal diseases. Has a large practica and is a physician of the Hospital and a Member of the Board of Health.
Elseo Alvarez R.
Mdico cirujano de la facultad de Bogot; ejerce en La Palma, Cundinamarca. Tiene botica bien surtida. Mdico del hospital y especialista en enfermedades tropicales y en obstetricia.
Physician and Surgeon of the LTniversity of Bogot, practices law in Department of Cundinamarca and has a fine drug store. He is a member of the Board of Health and physician of the Hospital and a specialist in tropical and women's diseases.
LA PALMA,
486
JLIBRO
Universidad Nacional.
misma
Universidad.
El doctor Herrera Manrique ejerce con lucimiento su profesin en la ciudad de La Palma, Departamento de Cundinamarca; cuenta con larga prctica en el ejercicio de
Doctor of Philosopky and Literasame Unversty. Dr. Herrera Manrique practises with dstnction in the city of La Palma, Department of Cundinamarca. He has had a long practice and has a large number of patients throughout that regin, where he has the deserved reputation of being a reliable, devoted and active physician, and an able and skillful surgeon. He has made a speture of ihe
cialty of tropical, venereal
and nervous
diseases.
Besides, he has held and served wdth ability and judgment for a long time the delicate and important positon of legal physician, with authority in all the department. His office and drug store are a short distance from the principal plaza. The store contains a complete stock, which is constantly replenished, of drugs, medicines and patent specifics of the best quaiity. He has a skillful attendant for the careful and scientific
management
of
it.
Dr. Herrera Manrique is also a rancher and experienced agriculturist. About five minutes' walk from the town, he has two farms which are considered of the best, on account of the abundance and quaiity of their grasses, as well as of the water streama that traverse them. In these ranches he has also a select herd of mares for the breed-
ella, numerosa clientela en toda la regin, en donde goza de merecida reputacin de mdico acertado, consagrado y activo, y de hbil y experto cirujano; se dedica con especialidad al tratamiento de las enfermedades tropicales, venreas y del sistema ner-
vioso.
Desempea adems con idoneidad y acierto, desde hace largo tiempo, el delicado e importante puesto de mdico legista con atribuciones en todo el departamento. Tiene instalados su consultorio y su botica en dos amplios, cmodos y elegantes locales a pocos pasos de la plaza principal, en donde ae encuentra un surtido completo de drogas, medicinas y especficos patentados de primera calidad y constantemente renovados; tiene un hbil operario para atender al despacho cuidadoso y cientfico en ella. El doctor Herrera Manrique es tambin hacendado y agricultor experto; posee a cinco minutos de la poblacin dos fincas reputadas como las mejores, por la riqueza y calidad de los pastos que las cubren, como por la abundancia de las aguas que las surcan; en ellas sostiene un selecto grupo de yeguas para la cra y levante de potros y muletos, para lo cual cuenta con reproductores escogidos y trados expresamente para
este objeto.
En una de estas fincas, " NIMEGA, " es donde tiene su residencia, situada en la va que de La Palma conduce a Honda; tiene amplias y cmodas pesebreras con agua corriente, en donde pueden colocarse cmoda y holgadamente veinticinco animales.
ing of colts and mules, having acquired especially for this purpose some exceptonally good breeding males. He lives on one of these ranches, called " NIMEGA," located on the road that goes from La Palma to Honda. There he has large and comfortable stables.with running water, which can easily accommodate 25 animis.
Colombia
487
MARCIANO BUITRAGO
Agrculturist residing in Guaduas,
Department
of
is
owner
of the
Quebrada Negra,
in the
same department.
This farm is situated two hours' distance from Guaduas and two hours' distance from Utica and eight hours' distance from Honda, a port on the river Magdalena.
The farm
coffee,
of
of land in
which
fine
own machinery,
pastures and
many modern
conveniences.
The
and
is
main road.
fine
I i^^^
Hacendado y
agricultor.
may
be found
is
many
kinds of
Seor Buitrago
is
a wholesale merchant.
He
is
well
known around
these regions
and
He
is
also the
owner
pasture
Guaduas, Cundinamarca.
Guaduas.
Esta finca est a dos horas de distancia de Guaduas, a dos horas de Utica y a ocho horas de Honda, puerto sobre el ro Magdalena.
Mide
la finca
tierra,
con cultivo de
caf,
caa
y pltano.
magnficos pastos
La
real;
camino
moderna y
es sin disputa
una de
de 20,
las
la
a las plazas cafeteras y ganaderas, clima sano y agradable, cuya temperatura media es
etc.
muy
cono-
y goza de
finca
de
denominada Bl
Silencio, situada
municipio de Guaduas.
muni-
Coffee and sugar cae plantation belonging to Dr. Leandro Gutirrez, situated in
Guaduas, distante de esta poblacin una hora, y a dos horas de Villeta, por camino real que conduce de Bogot a Honda. Mide aproximadamente 1,200 faneel
the District of Guaduas, about one hour's distance from Guaduas and two hours' distance
from
Villeta,
gadas, incluyendo
La Carbonera;
tierras
de primera clase
LA CARBONERA;
trees
para
el
y toda
clase de
banana
and
all
La
finca
comodidades y
rica
The farm
of
Chipaut has a
fine residential
house
witfa all
is 3
est en
un
muy pintoresco,
tal
como
lo
indica la fotografa.
Es
muy
en mon-
shown
in the
accompanying view.
very rich in coal mines; at present there are about 20,000 coffee trees yielding rich
fruit.
488
Farm of pastures and coffee belonging to Sr. Epifanio Gutirrez Snchez, a resident of Guaduas, Department Seor Gutirrez is a merchant and of Cundinamarca. agriculturist with long years of practice and owns a store of dry goods situated in the Plaza Principal (Main
entire satisfaction of the entire
been Mayor on several occasions to the community. of Santa Brbara is situated 2 hours and a half from Guaduas and three hours and a half from Honda, a port on the river Magdalena. The farm meas-
Square). He has
The farm
ures 553 fanegadas of land very suitable for the cultivation of coffee and well adapted for the cattle industry. The large farm is di\ded into seven corris or smaller ranches
surrounded by barbed wire with fine pasture. There is also a mountainous part on this farm with a modern residence situated half an hour from the main roadway
Guaduas and Honda. The farm is now fattening 300 head of cattle and some attention is given also to horsebreeding, everyleading to
thing belonging to Seor Gutirrez. Santa Brbara enjoys a temperature of 26, and Uke Guaduas, is very
healthy.
Situated
in
the
District
of
five
Department of Cundinamarca, half from Honda and nine hours from Bogot. This farm belongs to Mr. Salomn Gutt, well known merchant and agriculturist. This farm has an rea of over 2,000 fanegadas with magGuaduas,
hours' ride
nificent lands suitable for the cultivation of coffee,
cocoa, sugar cae, bananas, corn and all kinds of vegetables, plenty of water, fine pastures and 70
atraviesa la plantacin de
carros para el trasporte de
la caa,
muy buena casa de habitacin con ramadas de teja de barro. Produccin mensual de $700 a S800. El objeto de su propietario es completar cien fanegadas de caa y trescientas mil matas de
fanegadas of sugar caneplantation, a large mili run by hydrauc power, modern style and many conveniences for the exploitation of the industry. A fine road is built on this farm extending for a distance of two kilometers; there are wagons for the work, a fine residence and many other conveniences. Monthly output from 700 to 800 dollars. The purpose of the owner of this farm is to complete one hundred fanegadas of sugar cae and
caf'
MILCIADES BELTRN
Hacendado y agricultor domiciliado en tica, Departamento de Cundinamarca, El seor Beltrn es dueo de una finca de caas, pastos artificiales y caf, llamada Vrelas, situada en el municipio de Caparrap y- distante tres y media horas de Utica
por camino plano. Mide aproximadamente 2,000 fanegadas de tierra, en las cuales tiene actualmente ms de 10.000 matas de La finca tiene aguas abundantes, pues caf y 350 reses de cra. la atraviesan varias quebradas. El seor Beltrn se ocupa especialmente en la compra y venta de ganados tanto de cra como de ceba y negocia adems en toda clase de semovientes, siendo la poblacin de tica un gran merAgriculturist
of
in tica,
Department
Seor Beltrn owns a large sugar cae plantation and coffee farm caed VRELAS situated in the District of Caparrapi and about three hours and a half distance from tica (level road). The plantation measures approximately 2,000 fanegadas of land on which he cultivates about 10,000 coffee trees and keeps 350 head of cattle. The farm has abundant
waters, well distributed
of cattle,
villages.
CUNDINAMARCA.
Seor Beltrn is specially interested in the purchase and sale which finds a ready market in Utica and surrounding
is
cado para
la realizacin de ganados, bestias, etc. El seor Beltrn es adems dueo de dos o tres de
las casas
de
Seor Beltrn
tica.
also
owner
of
two or three
fine residences in
la localidad.
Eduardo Cspedes R.
Comerciante, hacendado y agricultor. Compra y vende ganados y bestias. Propietario de la finca El Cairo y comerciante establecido en la plaza principal de Guaduas.
Merchant, farmer and agriculturist, residing in Guaduas, Departof Cundinamarca. Deals in cattle and horses, etc. Owner of the farm EL CAIRO and merchant established in Guaduas with a store on the main square (Plaza principal).
ment
Floro Enciso
Comerciante.
Guaduas.
rancho, licores, galletas, esperma, jabn, cigarros, cigarrillos, cervezas, etc., a los precios ms bajos de la plaza. Almacn situado en la plaza principal.
Vende:
Guaduas, Department of Cundinamarca. canned goods, liquors, biscuits, candles, soap, cigars, cigarettes, beer. Everything at the lowest prices. This store is situated on the Plaza Principal (Main square).
in
Merchant established
Wholesale and
retail:
Farmers and agriculturists, residents of Guaduas, Department of Cundinamarca. Sellers and buyers of cattle and live stock in this town and in Honda. Sales on commission.
known
as
COCOLO.
489
PACHO
Este pintoresco municipio tiene 18,000 habitantes. La extensin de su territorio es aproximadamente de 90,000
.
The
territory
rea of
is
its
approximately
hektares.
hectreas; altura
sobre
el
90,000
nivel
del
1810 metros; climas entre 10 y Palacio Municipal Municipal Building 28 grados. Innumerables corrientes de agua potable fertilizan sus campos, y varios ros tienen grandes cadas aprovechables para la industria; algunas de estas se utilizan actualmente en aserros de madera, plantas elctricas, molinos de trigo, trapiches, etc., etc. La ciudad est a 72 kilmetros de Bogot: 50 kilmetros con va frrea y 22 con magnfico camino de herradura. Hay oficina telegrfica y estafeta nacional; hospital de caridad; 7 escuelas urbanas; un taller de artes manuales y doce escuelas rurales; palacio municipal, con atrio de piedra labrada y reloj pblico de campana, construido en uno de los talleres de esta
mar,
The temperature
Damas de Pacho Pacho Ladies varies between 10 and 28 C. There are Avithin its territory a great many streams of potable water, and several rivers having high falls available for industrial operations. Some of this water is at present utilized for timbering, electric plants, wheat and sugar-cane milis, etc., etc. The city is 72-kilometers from Bogot. The two cities are connected by a 50-kilometer railroad and a 22kilometer bridle road. There are in Pacho a telegraph office and national post-office; a charity hospital; seven city schools; a manual-training school, and twelve rural schools; a municipal palace, with a dressed-stone stoop and tower clock, made at one of the factories of the town by a native; and a large slaughter house. The city has more than 200 tile-roofed houses, some
of
ciudad por un hijo de la tiene extenso matadero de ganado. La ciudad consta de ms de doscientas casas de teja, algunas de construccin artstica;
misma
artistic
numerosos
lares
de
cesarias;
almacenes de mer-
several shops, drug stores, dry-goods stores and hotels. It has been the capital of the
administrativa, y hoy de provincia escolar. Tiene cuatro ferias semanales y una anual extracia
lo es
administrative province, and is today the capital of the scholastic province. It holds four weekly f airs and a special fair every year. The settlement and buildings of the iron works are two kilometers from the city, connected with it by a good
Personal del Concejo
minas de excelente hierro, algunas ya explotadas con grande xito; de hulla, de carbonato de cal muy ricas; en varias partes hay afloramientos de minerales de plomo, cobre, antracita, asbestos y grafito. Pacho produce todos los artculos de la agricultura y de la ganadera, entre los cuales sobresalen su caf, trigo y excelentes frutas. Las excepcionales condiciones del suelo, sus facilidades de explotacin, y el carcter pacfico y hospitalario de sus moradores, hacen prever un gran porvenir industrial para
esta regin.
Members
of
Municipal Council
some
There are within the municipality excellent gold mines, of which have been already worked very successfully. There are also rich coal and lime deposits. In some places
there are outcrops of lead, copper, anthracite, asbestos, and graphite. Cattle raising and all branches of agriculture are extensively carried on, the main agri cultural products being coiTee, wheat, and fruits. The exceptional conditions of its soil, the faciities for exploiting its resources, as well as the peaceful and hospitable disposition of its inhabitants, promise a brilliant future for this important city.
Yacimientos de
cal
Chorro "Virginia"
Vista panormica
Panoramic View
490
MOLINO DE JOHNSTON
JOHNSTON MlLL
Establecido en el municipio de Pacho, al noroeste del Departamento de Cundinamarca, a 72 kilmetros de Bogot, capital de la Repblica de Colombia y comunicada con sta, en parte, por un buen camino de herradura (27 kilmetros), y el resto, por
va frrea.
Established in the District of Pacho, Northwest of the Department of Cundinamarca, 72 kilometers from Bogot, capital of the Republic of Colombia, and connected with Bogot partly by a good highway (27 kilometers) and partly by rail.
This Mili is situated in Ferrera, two kilometers from the town, a very picturesque locality with a fine climate, enjoying a temperatura of from 18 to 26 degrees centigrade and with pienty of water.
The
pelled
day, which
mili is built in modern style of French stone, with cleaners, etc., etc., and proby a Pelton wheel with an output of 1,500 kiiograms of exeellent flour per is consumed in the district and adjacent towns,
is
This Company furnishes all the wheat produced in this regin; this wheat superior quality, as the climate is very suitable for its cultivation.
of
This
Company
its
ience of
has an Agency at the Plaza Principal (Main Square) for the convencustomers. There is also a telephone on its premises.
La empresa est situada en el paraje de La Ferrera, a dos kilmetros de la poblacin, ugar pintoresco, clima delicioso, 18 a 26 grados centgrados y aguas abundantes.
El molino est montado al estilo moderno, con piedras francesas, limpiadoras, etc., movido por rueda Pelton y produce 1,500 kgms. diarios de harina de excelente calidad, que se consume en el municipio y poblaciones circunvecinas. La empresa consume todo el trigo que produce esta regin, el cual es de superior
calidad, por ser de clima templado.
el
la
Las vistas adjuntas ilustran la parte exterior del molino y de la casa en la poblacin, tambin de su propiedad, en cuyos bajos est la agencia. Esta empresa ha sido desarrollada bajo la direccin tcnica del actual propietario,
seor Jos Johnston.
which
is
accompanying views show the exterior part of the mili and the house in the town also owned by the Company; likewise the house in which the agency is located.
its
This Company has been developed under the technical jlirection of owner, Seor .Jos Johnston.
present
w' .
This magnificent country estte, the property of Mrs. Hersilia de Currea and General Ruperto Aya, contains 10,329 "fanegadas," nearly all level ground. Within boundaries there are the necessary elements for an iron works of large proportions: mines very rich in iron (hydrated oxide or iimonite); coal of exeellent quality, and also lime carbonate and plstic clay, all situated within a short distance of the od iron works. There is also lumber of good quality, cheap and plentiful. With little expense the waters within the estte can be collected to obtain several hundred horsepower of energy.
it,
jfd^j^^^^M
?>:-.
,:.
n&Mji ^i '^^^a>iU'<wHK
^F<K.-'^^^^U^
The od Pacho Iron Works, which has been closed in order to extend and modernize was operated with success during 70 years and produced iron as good as that of Sweden, according to the opinin of engineers and manufacturers, both national and foreign. It is situated 2 kilometers from the city of Pacho, with which it is connected by a good drive lighted by electricity, and 27 kilometers from Zipaquir, to which there is a good bridle road that can be converted into a wagn road. Two of the routes
i^M IH
""SjBHBpl^pSfpPBH
iu..
'
'
P ^^ny9l
/A,
:
'iH^--
-^.^M
excelente y gran potencia, y lo mismo las de carbonato de cal y de arcilla plstica, todas a corta distancia de la antigua ferrera; maderas de buena calidad, baratas y abundantes. Con poco costo pueden reunirse las aguas de la hacienda para producir una energa de centenas de caballos. La antigua ferrera de Pacho, hoy en suspenso para ampliarla y modernizarla, funcion con buen xito durante setenta aos y produjo un hierro tan bueno como el de Suecia, segn concepto de ingenieros c industriales nacionales y extranjeros: se halla a dos kilmetros de la ciudad de Pacho, con buen camelln alumbrado con electricidad, y a veintisiete kilmetros de Zipaquir, camino bueno convertible en carretera. Pasando por la hacienda hanse hecho dos trazados do ferrocarril de Zipaquir al bajo
that have been surveyed for the railroad from Zipaquir to the lower Magdalena pass through the estte.
en
Magdalena. Loa ejemplares de ganado Holstein que se ven en una de estas vistas, son criados la hacienda, y de propiedad de los seores General Ruperto Aya y Federico Marino.
The specimens of Holstein cattle. illustrated in one of the accompanying cuts, were reared on the ranch and are the property of Messrs. Ruperto Aya and Federico Marino.
491
Franco Pulido, mdico colombiano, y Carlos Schmedling. ingeniero electricista y ciudadano noruego, en el ao de 1914. Cuenta en la actualidad con magnficas maquinarias de procedencia europea y dis-
caballos,
The firm of Franco & Schmedling was founded by Dr. Enrique Franco Pulido, a Colombian physician, and Carlos Schmedling, a Norwegian electrical engineer, in 1914. At present it has excellent machinery, and available energy amounting to 60 horsepower, which can easily be increased with the same turbine, as now only 8 meter of the available 30-meter water head is utilized. The plant is located 1 kilometer from the town, which it supplies with electric light, and can furnish electric power to the works that will no doubt develop in the city, which is one of the richest of Colombia in its mineral formations, especially iron, lime carbonate, and coal; it has also extensive forests, from which is extracted nearly all
the timber that is used in the capital of the republic. Besides. the plant is only 1 kilometer from the iron works, which are now closed, but which will again be opened before long and to which the plant may furnish power
misma
hoy
metros de
will attain its fuU development in the near future, when the project is realized of building railroads that will go through Pacho to the lower Magdalena the most practicable road that can be proposed, and by means of which the Pacho iron works will be able to free the country from the necessity of importing foreign iron.
est situada a
un
kil-
metro de la poblacin, a
el
la cual
sumi-
alumbrado
elctrico
elctrica
en
la
ciudad, una de
yaci-
ms ricas de la repblica en
como
se
extensas
saca la
montaas de donde
las
mayor parte de
consumen en
maderas
de
que
se
la capital
la repblica.
la ferreria,
ya
la cual
bajo Magdalena,
el
ms
practicable
libertar al
de cuantos
el
Pacho podran
Founded
c
in 1875 in Pacho,
Department
of
Cundinamarca.
impren
Situated not far from the shops of Patrocinio Barragn, the present owner.
The gunpowder
been awarded
BARRAGN
marked
VENADO
has
severa!
prizes in
several
expositons.
Ita su-
This
La
Cundinamarca
installed
de Cundinamarca. El seor Barragn adems de tener montada su empresa con todos los elementos modernos, luz elctrica instalada por l mismo, etc., es un gran mecnico y uno de los hombres ms progresistas de la regin. Es de su manufactura el reloj de campana, colocado en la casa
consistorial de Pacho.
all
modern conveniences
by
He is a men in
dock
fine
of the
most progressive
that regin.
He
Pacho.
SALOMN CASTELLANOS
Comerciante establecido en Pacho, Departamento de Cundinamarca, tiene un gran almacn de artculos extranjeros y del pas, tales como licores, rancho, cervezas, y un variado surtido de artculos de quincallera, vidriera, calzado, tiles
R.
of
Cundi-
de escritorio,
ferretera, etc.
household
etc.
articles,
giass
goods,
shoes,
stationery,
Adems, un almacn de mercancas inglesas y amercanas y del pas con surtido constantemente renovado y que est situado en la plaza principal.
Debido a su larga prctica en el comercio, a la equidad en los precios de su mercanca, y al crdito amplio de que goza en el lugar, cuenta con la mejor cuntela de la regin.
-:>iit.^"^'.J
hardware,
He owns
also
another
store
situated
on
Bolvar
Owing
he
is
well patronized.
492
VICENTE NNEZ
Comerciante y hacendado establecido en Pacho, Departamento de Cundnamarca.
D.
of
Cundnamarca.
"El Canad;" aproximadamente mide 803 fanegadas, a una y media horas de la poblacin; all tiene una cra de ganado y bestias. Su clima es de catorce grados. Tiene tambin una finca llamada La Hoya situada en el mismo municipio, cuya >t^-^x temperatura media es de 26 y mide aproximadamente 200 fanegadas de primera clase para el cultivo
Propietario de la finca de pastos
farm EL CANAD, measuring about 803 fanegadas and an hour and a half from Pacho; horse and cattle breeding. Average temperature 14 degrees. Seor Nez owns also a farm called LA HOYA situated in the same District with an average temperature of 26, measuring approximately 200
Owner
of the
fanegadas,
de caa,
caf, etc.
Sus almacenes de comercio estn situados en la en el uno vende por mayor y al detal toda clase de artculos de consum, a los precios ms bajos de la plaza; la fotografa ilustra el frente de la casa de su propiedad y del segundo almacn, donde tiene completo surtido de vinos, champagne de las mejores marcas, licores de todas
plaza principal;
clases, rancho, cigarros, cigarrillos, galletas, dulces,
on
wholesale and
many
pnces obtain-
able;
of his
a fine stock of
champagnes and
biseuits,
liquors,
canned goods,
cigars,
cigarettes,
candy,
cristalera
y papelera.
flILARIO
Hacendado y
agricultor residente en Pacho,
MADERO
Farmer and
F.
Departamento de Cundnamarca.
finca limada
Department
of
Cundnamarca.
Owner
of large
noroeste.
tierra de
Tiene
la
una temperatura
rea
para
cra
cebas de ganados,
j^^^^'^y y***"
IHI^K^^
for cattle
^
\
raising, of coffee
cereales.
plantations
and
cereals.
Plenty
larga
and a
frutales
y hor-
talizas,
un ingenio de caa de
de sangre
azcar,
y ofrece per-
The
clases, inclusive
farm
adaptable
a
los
also
climas clidos.
La
The farm
is
adems yacimientos de
%V
AjJ^j^
''^^1K''^H
-^.W'.'
ci'ossed
by the
and
La
atraviesa
el ro
^^
medicinal waters.
medicinales.
Miguel Rey M.
principul,
Mdico cirujano de la facultad nacional. Ejerce en Pacho, plaza donde tiene su botica y consultorio. Es mdico legista y especialista en enfermedades tropicales.
Physician and Surgeon of the National University Practices in Pacho there a fine drug store and comfortable premises, located on the plaza principal (raain square).
.
Owns
Jess H. Duarte D.
Farmaceuta y fotgrafo con prctica de quince aos, establecido en Pacho. Tiene su botica en la plaza principal. Ejerce ambas profesiones y cuenta con numerosa clientela.
Pharmacist and photographer with a practice of fifteen years in both professions. Owns a fine drug store situated on the main square. Practices both professions. Well patronized, owing no doubt to the satisfactory work executed and modrate prices.
Raimundo Martnez
Cirujano, dentista y fotgrafo. tica, Cundnamarca. Diez aos de prctica. Atiende a su chentela de La Pea, Tocaima, La Vega, Sasaima, Squima, Albn, etc. Garantiza los trabajos.
O.
ment
elements throughout. Pictures taken outside of studio and is willing to pay professional visits to La Vega, Sasaima, Squima, Albn, etc.
Surgeon dentist and photographer established in tica, Departof Cundinamarca. Over ten years of practice. Uses modern
493
"EL RABANAL"
Propietario: Rafael Cabrera
Provincia de Ubat, Departamento
cent-
Owner:
Farm
Rafael Cabrera
Department
of
Hacienda situada en
de Cundinamarca.
grados.
la
Cundinamarca.
Mean
seiscientas
many
first-
destinadas
arrendatarios,
land.
Magnificent
house,
water
Magn-
^^j^
"^^S^
S,
abundant
Ash and
etc.
para
alamedas
de
sauces
y
Keeps
in
all
seasons
from
800
to
Sostiene
permanentemente
de
800
1,000 animales.
this farm,
Durham,
famous throughout
cows have obtained
DOR, es de las
ms
the country.
Its milch
Sus vacas del hato han obtenido el ms En 1910 sac alto precio del mercado.
primer premio un novillo de 4 aos de edad, en competencia con bueyes de 8 y 9 aos.
1914 una vaca se llev tambin
cra
buU took
first
prize
in
En
Su
el
primer
premio.
years od.
first
prize.
This farm's
de bestias es
muy
renombrada.
breed of horses
also famous.
ROBERTO
El seor Peraza es dueo de uno de los
mejores almacenes que hay establecidos
Situado en
B.
PERAZA
Zipaquir, Colombia
Mr. Peraza
is
en
la
ciudad de Zipaquir.
la
looated in the
plaza principal.
los
owing
dems de su
quaUty
and
of
directly imported.
directamente.
Tiene para
la
venta toda
gneros blancos,
sentaciones
pas.
etc.,
etc.,
Wl
act as representative of
de
casas
del
This farm
In the coffee section there are 77,000 trees, of which 40,000 are already yielding, the others being about to begin to yield. The machinery used is
not of the best. In the pasture section there are natural grasses, foreign grasses recently introduced, wliich are giving very good results. Each of these sections is susceptible of being considerable extended, there being sufficient adjoining land for the purpose.
and some
HUILA
Por el norte el Departamento del Tolima y de Cundinamarca por el este la Intendencia del Meta y la Comisara del Caquet; por el sur y el oeste el Departamento del Cauca. Extensin. El rea superficial del departamento alcanza a unos 23,000 kilmetros cuadrados, de los cuales estn poblados y cultivados un poco ms de la cuarta parte. Relieve. El territorio del Huila, situado en el ngulo que forman, al abrirse en el pramo de Las Papas, la Cordillera Central y la Oriental, constituye la parte superior de la cuenca hidrogrfica del Magdalena, prolongndose, de sur a norte en una extensin de 25 mirimetros, poco ms o menos, en su parte ms larga hasta el lmite con el Departamento del Tolima. Los picos ms altos de la Cordillera Central en ese departamento son el pramo de Guanacas y el nevado del Huila, que da su nombre al departamento. La direccin de las aguas en esta comarca se determina fcilmente por el sistema orogrfico. Todas buscan el ro Magdalena, desprendindose unas de la Cordillera Central y otras de la Oriental. Entre las primeras merecen mencionarse el ro Bordones, el Pez y el Guayar. Los principales que descienden de la Cordillera Oriental son: el Suaza, el Gigante, el Neiva, el Riofro, el Fortalecillas y el Cabrera. Poblacin. 158,191 habitantes, blancos y mestizos. Industria y Comercio. Los habitantes del Huila viven consagrados a la agricultura, y en especial a la ganadera, que cuenta con numerosos prados naturales. En las llanuras de pastos artificiales del Municipio de La Unin, baadas por las aguas del ro Cabrera, hay gran nmero de reses vacunas y de plantaciones de cacao. El Municipio de CampoalegTe contiene magnficas haciendas de pastos; lo mismo el del Hobo. La minera est tomando cierto incremento con el descubrimiento de algunos ricos veneros en esta parte. La fabricacin de los sombreros de paja, llamados de Suaza, solicitados en toda repblica y aun en el extranjero; la extraccin de caucho y tagua y la produccin de cacao y caf, constituyen las principales riqueza.s del Depai'tamento del Huila, destinado a un prspero porvenir cuando se .faciliten y regularicen sus comunicaciones con la cuenca amaznica. Se produce silvestre la
Lmites.
el
;
:
Boundaries. On the north, the Departments of Tolima and Cundinamarca; on the east, the Intendancy of the Meta, and the Comisara of Caquet; on the south and west, the Department of Cauca. rea. The rea of the department is about 23,000 square
kilometers, of which a littie over one-fourth is inhabited cultivated. Natural Features. The territory of this department, which is situated in the angie formed by the Central and Western Cordilleras at the Las Papas paramo, forms the upper part of the basm of the Magdalena river. Its length from south to north is about 25 myriameters, measured as far as the Tolima frontier. The highest peaks of the Central Cordillera in this department are tlie Guanacas and the Huila nevado, from the latter of which the department The direction of the waters in this dederives its ame. partment is determined by the mountain system. They all tiow in the direction of the Alagdaleua river, some of them rising in the Central and some in the Eastern Cordillera. Among the former the most important are the Bordones, Pez, and Guayar rivers; among the latter, the Suaza, Gigante, Neiva, Riofro, Fortalecillas, and Cabrera. Population. The population is 158,191, consisting of whites and half breeds. Industry and Commerce. The iuhabitants of Huila devote themselves to agriculture and especially to eattle raisiug, there being numerous natural pasture lands. On the plains of the municipality of La Unin, planted with artificial grass and watered by the Cabrera river, there are The same regin contains several large herds of eattle. cacao plautations. The municipalities of Campoalegre and Hobo possess excellent pasture lands. Mining is developing to a certain extent, with the discovery of some rich metal formations. The manufacture of the Panam hats kuown as Suaza hats, which are very much in demand throughout the republic and even abroad the extraction of rubber and ivory nuts, and the cultivation of cacao and cofEee are the main sources of wealth of the department. Coca grows wild in this regin. When the department is connected with the Amazonic basin, it will no doubt be-
and
Huila
;
is
divided
coca. Divisiones.
La
tres provincias,
El Departamento del Huila est dividido en que son: Neiva, capital Neiva; La Plata,
;
tal
capital Garzn.
La Plata Garzn, capital Garzn. Forma el departamento un Distrito judicial con su correspondiente En Tribunal, Juzgado Superior y Circuitos Judiciales. cada provincia existe una inspeccin escolar. Las tres pi'ocapital
Ciudades. Neiva, la capital, con unos 22,000 habitantes, situada en un valle caluroso y sano, sobre la margen derecha del ro Magdalena. La ciudad es muy aseada, sus calles anchas y rectas, y su casero casi todo de teja. Tiene un colegio de varones con rentas propias y es centro de un trfico activo con el exterior y con los departamentos vecinos. Los buques de vapor que surcan el alto Magdalena llegan hasta ella, aunque no con bastante regularidad, y slo en poca de crecientes. Garzn, situada en una hermosa llanura circuida de montaas y con frtiles campos, donde prosperan la agricultura y la cra de ganados. Tiene una escuela superior y un colegio oficial para seoritas. Es Sede de la Dicesis episcopal del mismo nombre. San Agustn, aldea muy nombrada porque en sus inmediaciones se han descubierto rainas de templos y adoratorios de indgenas, dolos y estatuas colosales de piedra, todo lo cual constituye monumentos preciosos desde el punto de vista arqueolgico, por tener tales construcciones cierto aire de semejanza con las de los incas en el Peri.
district, with its corresponding Tribunal, Superior Court, and Judicial Circuits. In The each province there is a school-inspeetiou sectiou. three provinces are divided into 30 municipalities. Principal Ctties. Neiva is the capital of the department population, 22,000 inhabitants. It is located in a hot and unhealthy valley on the right bank of the Magdalena river. The city is very clean; its streets are wide and straight, and nearly all its houses have tile roofs. It has a selfsupported college for young men, and is the center of an active trade with the neighboring departments and with foreign countries. The Upper Magdalena steamboats go as
far as the city during freshet seasons. Garzn is situated on a beautiful plain, surrounded by mountains and fertile fields, where agriculture and eattle raising are carried on. It has a higli school and a public It is the see of the episcopal college for young ladies.
diocese of
village on account of the fact that in its neighborhood the ruins of Indian cliurches and places of worship have been found, as well as idols and very large stone statues; fndings which are of inestimable valu from an archa^ological point of view, especially as the objeets discovered bear some resemblance to those left by the Incas of Per.
tlie same ame. San Agustn has become a very well known
495
NEIVA
ciudad de Neiva est edificada sobre terreno aurfero, en la margen derecha del Magdalena, en el camino naLa.
The
city of
Neiva
is
on the
mentos del Cauca y Nario, limitada al las Ceibas, al sur por Rioloro, al oriente por
la Cordillera Oriental
norte por
las
el ro
de
road that leads from the northem part of the republic to the Departments of Cauca and Nario. It is bounded on
the north by the Las Ceibas river; on the south, by the
planadas
Rioloro
farther
on the
east,
de los Andes.
up
the
first
Goza de hermosa
vista,
Al norte y
al oeste se
que
se dilata
Andes.
el
Huila sus tres grandes masas nevadas, que a la salida del sol, en das despejados, ostentan un cuadro bellsimo. 58" Posicin: 1 O' 36" de longitud occidental; 3 6'
de latitud norte.
Reiss
There is from the city a beautiful view in all directions. Towards the north and west are seen the ascending sierras that form the base of the Central Cordillera, where the
three snow-capped peaks of Huila
may
be seen
on clear
Altura sobre
el
The
city
is
in 1 O'
6'
58"
Temperatura media, 27
north latitude.
27
Its elevation
is
grados.
t,
Nmero de
es
habitantes, 21,852.
Distancia a Bogo-
451 meters.
temperature
is
30 mirimetros.
Population, 21,852.
La ciudad
los edificios
muy
rectas,
myriameters.
en gran parte de teja; las habitaciones son cmodas, elegantes, y muchas lujosamente amuebladas. Tiene dos templos catlicos, de estilo anticuado y de pequeas proporciones.
El mercado es muy concurrido, abundante y variado. Sostiene activo comercio por las vas de Guadalupe y la Concepcin con el Alto Caquet por la de Pitalito, con el
;
is
very clean,
its
its
streets are
all
Some
of
very well
patronized,
Popayn y
el
The by way of Guadalupe and Concepcin with the upper Caquet; by way of Pitalito, with Southern Cauca and the city of Pasto and by way of La Plata, with Popayn and the Department of El Valle.
its
plaza principal, espaciosa y cultivada de rboles, luce una fuente pblica de bronce, de forma elegante, que surte de agua a una gran parte de la poblacin, y la ciudad rinde
La
trees, there is a
y Toribio Rivera,
a don Celso N. Quintero por esa obra y por el acueducto, construido con tubera de hierro con que la dotaron, a favor de paciente labor y grandes esfuerzos. Atraviesa la ciudad el arroyo La Toma, sobre
cual se
is very large and planted with handsome public fountain made of bronze, which supplies a great number of the inhabitants with water. The city is indebted to Generis Francisco A. Gutirrez and Toribio Rivera and to Don Bartolom Gutirrez for that work and for the iron-pipe aqueduct they built with a great deal of patience, labor, and many eforts.
el
ha levantado un puente de mampostera recientemente construido y dado al servicio pblico, obra nica en su clase
que posee
el
The city is traversed by the La Toma brook, over which masonry bridge has been lately eonstructed, the only work of its kind in the department, executed by the engineers Generis Napolen and Pedro Rivera.
a
Public instruction
lege,
is
y Pedro Rivera.
educacin de la juventud cuenta con el Colegio de Santa Librada, de antigua fundacin, para varones, el cual posee bienes races, rentas, fondos y estatutos propios
Para
la
young men, which has its own real estte, ineome, funds and regulations; a normal sehool for young ladies, and public and prvate colleges and
an od
institution for
Escuela Normal para seoritas colegios y escuelas pblicas y privadas, para nios de ambos sexos.
;
telegTaph
Hasta Neiva suben buques de vapor, champanes y canoas cargadas de mercancas llevadas de Bogot, Honda, Girardot y aun
del exterior directamente.
and a champans (large open boats), and eanoes, loaded with goods eoming from Bogot, Honda, and Girardot, and even from foreign countries, go up as
city has several printing houses, a post-office,
office.
The
Some
boats,
far as Neiva.
Ha
sido siempre
The
city has
cabecera de Circuito Judicial y de Notara y Registro; varias veces capital de provincia lo fu del Departamento
;
notarial
and recording
Sur del Tolima y del Estado Soberano del Tolima. Sus habitantes son festivos, cultos y en sumo grado hospitalarios.
and it was also the capital of the Department of Sur del Tolima and of the od State of Tolima. Its inhabitants are gay, cultured and very hospi-
table.
496
Entre los comercios bien establecidos de la ciudad de Neiva, est en primera lnea la Droguera Internacional, de propiedad del Dr. Luis Felipe Cabrera. Es un establecimiento montado con todos los menesteres apetecibles para un correcto despacho de drogas en todas sus formas departamento de farmacia para la confeccin de recetas y ventas al detal; consultorio mdico; departamento de droguera y ventas al por mayor laboratorio bien provisto de aparatos modernos y to;
Amongst
of
ISTeiva,
the International
Pharmacy holds
first
place.
brera.
a pharmaceutical room
for preparing prescriptions and for retail sales a medical consulting room; a department for
a laboratory
;
weU
dos los tiles necesarios al negocio, y suficiente tren de empleados competentes y listos.
modern requirements
and a
Fu fundada
El Dr. Cabrera
la Repblica,
es
un
caballero de avanzada
druggists in them.
man
of
los ttulos
de Mdico y Cirujano, profesin que ha venido ejerciendo con xito creciente en la ciudad de su
residencia y en las poblaciones circunvecinas, a donde es requerido con frecuencia.
Vasto y bien merecido es el crdito de que goza la firma del Dr. Cabrera crdito que aunado a su saneado capital, a su profesin y a sus mltiples habilidades en el comercio, hace de l un hombre
;
is
sought continually.
is
de posicin envidiable.
Est situada la Droguera Internacional en un hermoso local de la caUe del Comercio, y cuenta con un surtido muy abundante de drogas y especficos de las principales casas manufactureras
del
him an
enviable position.
The pharmacy
is
mundo.
in the woiid.
497
Es
'
el
almacn de
el
los Sres.
Turbar uno de
The
store of Messrs.
Turbay
which
is
is
Neiva.
don Pedro, padre de don Abbas, fu extendiendo sus negocios de da en da, y hoy cuenta con
aos por
socio
un
complete assortment of American and European merchandise that they import themselves.
Ocupa
el
almacn de
los Sres.
Turbaj'
un hermoso
local
de cinco puertas en la plaza principal, frente al parque del Ceutanario, y luce en sus estantes el orden y la pulcritud
The
store of Messrs.
is
a fine build-
ms absolutos, como que saben sus dueos que eso y la buena educacin de ellos 3' sus dependientes son condiciones que les han atrado la selecta clientela de que disfrutan. All, tras del hermoso mostrador de cristales de roca que sirve de muestrario y difunde kiz por todo el local,
encuentran
la
iug with five doors on the principal plaza, iu front of the Parque del Centenario, and good taste and cleanliness are
characteristic of the firm,
as they
know
bined with their gentlemanlj' deportment, are the conditions that have attracted customers.
glass
window
dama y
el
y encuentra tambin el labriego sus mantas y los tiles del trabajo que vivifica y ennoblece. Los seores Turbay son otomanos; llegaron al pas hace veinte aos, y debido a sus capacidades para el comercio, a su honradez siempre acrisolada ,y a sus recias energas para el trabajo, han acumulado un capital no despreciable, que est representado por varias fincas urbanas y rurales y por el almacn que hemos descrito a grandes rasgos. Extranjeros de la talla de los Sres. Turbay bien venidos
para su
toilette,
Tobay are Turkish subjects; they arrived in the }'eai"s ago, and owing to their business ability, their great honesty and their strong energy for work, they have made a fortune, which is represented by several houses and landed property and the store that we
Messrs.
country twenty
^LA
gresistas unidos del
OPININ" DE NEIVA
Newspaper
for
its principies,
mdium
Departamento
del Huila.
el
Department
of Huila.
nombre de
Reivindica-
This newspaper
first
que actualmente
lleva.
No
obstante
La
Reivindicacin, which
changed
ame.
contend,
Notwithstanding
its
le
ha tocado luchar,
se
ha conquistado ya un
la seriedad
it
had
to
la
de sus escri-
el
with which
it
ciencia,
Es su dueo y Director
mdico y cirujano de
tituciones cientficas
la
fraternales.
Dr. Anselmo Gaitn U., its manager, is a distinguished physician and surgeon of the Colombian profession, and member of various scientific institutions and fraternities.
ROJAS &
Es
de
esta la razn social de
PERDOMO
This
It
is
ms
la capital del
Fu fundada en
el
ao de
was funded
skilful
mer-
a partner of the
En
1907 entraron a
house.
las
de su fundador
quahties, united with those of the founder, have given a great impulse to the business, joined the firm.
They have
also
an
ice factory.
hielo.
The
is
tobe envied as
como por
las
much
how
to win.
498
&
Ca.
is
la
ciudad
This
ers,
de Neiva. Sus dueos los Sres. Pompilio Paredes, Joaqun Penagos y Victor M. lo fundaron con el nimo de ensancharlo hasta donde las circunstancias lo requieran, y, por eso, empezaron por donde se debe empezar toda institucin destinada a perdurar: por acreditarlo importando sus drogas y especficos de las principales manufacturas de Europa y los Estados Unidos y observando absoluta escrupulosidad en el despacho de frmulas, que est a cargo de uno de los ms hbiles farmacuticos diplomados del pas.
Tavera,
founded it with the intention of extending it as circumstances might require and therefore they began where it is always necessary to begin with an establishment intended to last; thatis, byinsuring its credit by importing their drugs and specifics from the principal manufacturers of Europe and the United States, and observing great care in prescriptions, which are in charge of an expert chemist holding a Colombian
diploma.
cinales
Son especialidades de la Droguera Americana algunos jarabes mediy otras preparaciones farmacuticas, y el afamado especfico
la caspa.
Some medicinal
ing scurf.
American Pharmacy,
499
MAGDALENA
Uno de los catorce departamentos en que est dividida la Kepblica de Colombia. Lmites. Por el norte el mar de las Antillas por el este la Comisara de la Goajira, la Eepblica de Venezuela y el Departamento del Norte de Santander; por el sur el Departamento de Santander; y por el occidente los del Atlntico y Bolvar, de los cuales lo separa el ro Magdalena. Mide 69,800 kilmetros cuadrados, de los Extensin.
;
habitados. Cordillera Oriental de los Andes, que se abre en el Departamento de Santander, proyecta hacia el del Magdalena uno de sus ramales, que lo recorre de sur a norte, en su parte oriental, y que va a terminar en la pennsula de la Goajira, formando la lnea divisoria de las aguas que van a buscar, por el oriente, el lago de Maracaibo, y por el occidente, el ro Cesar y Magdalena, con los nombres especiales de Sierra de Motilones y de Valledupar o En el mismo departamento, hacia el norte, se Eerij. encuentra otro sistema de montaas, independiente por completo de la Cordillera de los Andes. El nudo de este sistema lo forma la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, con cinco picos nevados, al ms alto de los cuales mide 5,340 metros, y despide varios ramales en todas direcciones, en
cuales slo Relieve.
La
forma de
Bos.
estrella.
One of the fourteen departments irito which the Republic of Colombia is divided. BouNDARiES. On the north, the Caribbean sea; on the east, the Territory (Comisara) of Goajira, the Republic of Venezuela and the Department of Norte de Santander; on the south, the Department of Santander; and on the west, the Departments of Atlantic and Bolvar, from which it is separated by the Magdalena river. rea. The rea of the department is 69,800 square kilometers, only one-third being inhabited. Natural Features. The Eastern Cordillera of the Andes, which divides in the department of Santander, sends towards that of Magdalena one of its branches, which traverses the department from south to north in the eastern part and ends in the Pennsula of Goajira, forming the divide between the waters that on the east flow towards Lake Maracaibo, and on the west towards the Cesar and Magdalena rivers, under the special ames of Sierra de Motilones and Valledupar or Perij. In the same department, towards the north, there is another mountain system, The center entirely independent of the Andes cordillera. of this system is formed by the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, which has flve snow-capped peaks, the highest one being 5340 meters high and branching into several ramifications in all directions.
Los principales ros de este departamento son: el Magdalena, que lo baa por el occidente, recibiendo numerosos afluentes, entre ellos el Lebrija y los que bajan de la Sierra Nevada, en direccin, unos a la Cinaga de Santa Marta, otros hacia el mar de las Antillas, el principal de los cuales es el de Ranchera, que pasa por cerca de Riohacha, y el Cesar, que corre al sur en busca del Magdalena. El Magdalena y el Cesar recorren los ms hondos y dilatados valles de este departamento.
;
Poblacin. 149,547 habitantes, pertenecientes a la raza blanca, aunque bastante mezclada con la negra. Industria y Comercio. Los habitantes del departamento se ocupan preferentemente en la agricultura, en el comercio y en la cra de ganados, que constituye la principal riqueza En la vertiente septentrional la porcin del Magdalena. de terreno carbonfero de esquistos areniscos arcillosos
arranca, por
el
oeste,
de Riohacha, y por
;
el este,
de Ca-
marones (en
el litoral)
algo al sur sureste sobre una distancia de 100 kilmetros, hasta llegar a Barrancas, al este, y Fonseea, al oeste. Al pie del Cerrejn, sobre el ro del mismo nombre, afluente del Ranchera, y an a dos leguas al norte del cerro, hay yacimientos de hulla semierasa, la misma que en Europa llaman de Neto Castle, y carmel en Norte Amrica, y cuyo permetro es mayor que las hulleras de Alais (Francia) y Espiel (Espaa). Estas carboneras fueron estudiadas por M. Flory, ingeniero de minas. El mineral es de excelente calidad y las diversas capas hulleras, separadas por bancos de gres, dan una potencia total de 21 metros de espesor. Segn informes de una comisin de ingenieros ingleses, las minas del Cerrejn pueden suministrar 2,000 toneladas de carbn diarias por espacio de 300 aos. En los altos del ro Palomino hay carbn fritado, de la superficie, impropio para la combustin, pero que mejora al ir profundizando la capa, que alcanza 1-50 metros de hondura. Tambin existen hulleras en Palmarito, Corazonal, Patillal, Chorrera y en la vertiente occidental en Aracataca, en donde Jorge Isaacs descubri vetas riqusimas de este mineral. En terrenos recientemente denunciados, existen ricas carboneras situadas en el ramal de la Cordillera Oriental que sirve de lmite con Venezuela, comprendidos entre el ro Maraca, el Cesar, la Cinaga de Zapatoza y el Departamento Norte de Santander, en territorio de los Motilones.
Se han encontrado ricos filones de calcopirita en los esquistos arcillosos que forman las ltimas estribaciones de
RivERS. The principal rivers of this department are: the Magdalena, which tows through the western boundary, and has numerous tributarles, the Lebrija among them; those flowing from Sierra Nevada, some of them towards the Santa Marta Lagoon (Cinaga), and others towards the Caribbean sea, the principal one being the Ranchera, which flows past Riohacha; and the Cesar, which flows south towards the Magdalena. The latter river and the Cesar flow through the deepest and most extensive valleys of the department. PopuLATioN. The population of the department is 149,547 inhabitants, belonging to the white race, although very much mixed with the black. Industry AND CoMMERCE. The principal occupations of the inhabitants are agriculture, commerce and cattle raisOn the northern ing, the last being the most important. slopes, the carboniferous formation of sandy argillaceous schists starts, towards the west, from Riohacha, and towards the east, from Camarones, on the mainland it penetrates into the south, inclining somewhat towards the south-southeast in a distance of 100 kilometers as far as Barrancas on the east, and Fonseea on the west. At the foot of Cerrejn peak, on the river of the same ame, which is a tributary of the Ranchera, and two leagues north of the peak, there are deposits of semi-bituminous eoal of the kind known as New Castle in Europe and cannel in the United States, and whose perimeter is greater than the Those coal flelds of Alais (Franee) and Espiel (Spain). coal formations were studied by M. Flory, a mining engineer. The coal is of excellejit quality, and the beds, separated by grit banks, have a total thickness of 21 meters. According to the report of a commission of English engineers, the Cerrejn mines can produce 2000 tons of coal per day for a period of 300 ye^rs. In the upper part of the Palomino river there is some surface eoal, which is not suitable for fuel; the coal, however, improves with the depth, which extends down to between 1 and 50 meters. There are also coal flelds in Palmarito, Corazonal, Patillal, Chorrera, and on the western slope in Aracataca, wliere Jorge Isaacs discovered very rich veins. In lands recently denounced there are rich coal mines located in the branch of the Eastern Cordillera that forms the boundary with Venezuela these are located between the rivers Maraca and Cesar, the Zapatoza lagoon and the department of Norte dp Santander, in the territory of the Motilones Indians.
;
;
500
Rich lodes of chalcopyrite have been found in the argillaceous sehists that form the lowest spurs of the Sierra, in In the the southeast, between Fonseca and Valledupar. regin of Ariguian and the Cesar are found the celebrated mines of Diegopata and Camperucho. In the latter place the analysis of the ore has given 13 per cent copper and l^/^ kilograms of silver per ton. It is well known that silver makes copper a better conductor of electricity; The ore from Diegopata and Chantres contains 30 per cent Copper is also found in Jobo, of argentiferous copper. La Jagua, Palmarito, and Pascual. Sea salt is abundantly extracted at the seashore. Not far from Santa Marta are found the Colorados pits, for There are also salt works at Santa the extraction of it. Marta, Chengue and other localities. Throughout the northem coast, the tortoise-shell turtle is found in great abundance.
Iron is found in Riohacha, soft and gray marble in San Juan de Crdoba, and beautiful quartzes in Villanueva and other places. "We rmly believe, " says the geographer Don Jos Miguel Rosales, "that cattle raising will become before long the principal source of wealth of the Department of
otros puntos.
"Creemos firmemente," dice el gegrafo don Jos Miguel Rosales, "que la ganadera ha de ser, en poca no muy lejana, la principal fuente de riqueza del Departamento del Magdalena, por las ventajas y facilidades que esta regin presenta para tan lucrativa industria. Especialmente en Valledupar ha de tomar incremento la cra de ganados de todas clases. Hoy apenas se cuentan unas sesenta mil, pero de Villanueva hacia el sur, hasta los primeros playones del Casar, donde los pastos son excelentes y el agua abundante, pueden fcilmente alimentarse 200,000 cabezas de ganado mayor, o ms. De Villanueva al norte, los pastos son menos jugosos, pero se pueden sostener 50,000 cabezas. Aqu prosperan tambin los ganados cabro y lanar, de modo que la exportacin de lana y cueros puede ser de gran rendimiento para los ganaderos." En Valledupar es el punto preciso donde se han de establecer packing houses para surtir de carne no slo a las Antillas sino a los Estados Unidos. Para la realizacin de esta empresa no falta sino la construccin del ferrocarril o carretera de Valledupar a Riohacha, o un ramal de la primera poblacin al ferrocarril de Santa Marta, ambas cosas ya en proyecto. El ganado de Valledupar es de carne muy gustosa y tiene la ventaja de no ser atacado por el
gusano. Vas de Comunicacin.
ferrocarril, el ro
Las principales son: el mar, el Magdalena y algunos caos navegables. El departamento tiene el mejor puerto del mar Caribe, Santa Marta, donde los buques de mayor calado llegan hasta su orilla. El ferrocarril mide 110 kilmetros y atraviesa una extensa regin de fertilidad asombrosa y llena
de productos naturales, en la cual se hallan las ricas haciendas bananeras de la United Frit Company, y otras cuyos propietarios son colombianos. Divisiones. Divdese el departamento en cinco provincias, que son: Santa Marta, capital Santa Marta; Padilla, capital Riohacha; Banco, capital Banco; Sir, capital Ro de Oro y Valledupar, capital Valledupar. Comprende el El departamento forma un departamento 31 distritos. solo Disti'ito Judicial, dividido en seis Circuitos, con un Tribunal y un Juzgado Superiores, residentes en Santa Marta. Ciudades. Santa Marta, capital del departamento, fundada por Rodrigo de Bastidas en 1525, en el fondo de hermosa y muy segura baha. Tuvo grande importancia en la poca colonial, y es hoy una ciudad comercial de gran movimiento. Es sede episcopal, con seminario y una hermosa y bien construida iglesia catedral, y puerto habilitado para el comercio. Tiene una moderna casa de gobierno, panptico, aduana, hospital, biblioteca pblica, un bello cementerio, quintas modernas, etc. Est comunicada con el exterior por telgrafo inalmbrico. Cerca de la ciudad se encuentra la quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino, donde muri el Libertador Bolvar, en 1830. Sobre el ro Man;
Magdalena, on account of the great many facilities that this regin affords for that profitable industry. Especially in Valledupar, the raising of livestock of all kinds will develop very rapidly. At present there are only about 60,000 head, but from Villanueva towards the south as far as the banks of the Cesar, where pastures are excellent and water is plentiful, 200,000 or more head of cattle can be easily supported. From Villanueva north, the grass is less nuGoats and sheep tritious, but it can support 50,000 head. also thrive well in this regin, and so the export of wool and hides may become very profitable to cattle raisers. Valledupar is the best place for the establishment of packing houses to supply beef not only to the West Indies, but also to the United States. In order to carry out this enterprise, the only thing that is lacking is the construetion of a railroad or wagn road from Valledupar to Riohacha, or a branch from the former town to the Santa Marta railroad; both plans are under consideration. The Valledupar cattle produces excellent beef, and has the advantage of not being attacked by vermin. Wats of Transportation. The principal ways of transportation are: the sea, the railroad, the Magdalena, and The department has several navigable channels (caos). Santa Marta, where the best port on the Caribbean sea steamers of the largest draft can arrive as far as the pier. The railroad measures 110 kilometers and traverses a regin exceptionally fertile and rich in natural products; it is the regin where the banana plantations of the United Fruit Company and others belonging to Colombians are
'
situated.
PoLiTiCAL DivisiONS. Thc department is divided into provinces namely Santa Marta, capital Santa Marta Padilla, capital Riohacha Banco, capital Banco Sur, capital Ro de Oro and Valledupar, capital Valledupar. There are 31 distriets in the department. The whole department forms one judicial district divided into 6 judicial circuits, and has a high tribunal and high court, having their seats in Santa Marta. CiTiES. Santa Marta, capital of the department, founded in 1525 by Rodrigo de Bastidas on the inner part of a very handsome and safe harbor. It had great importance during colonial times, and is today a commercial center of great activity. It is an episcopal see, and it has a seminary, a handsome and well built cathedi-al, and a port properly equipped. It also has an excellent government house, a penitentiary, a custom house, hospital, public library, It communicates beautiful cemetery, modern villas, etc. by wireless with f oreign countries. Near the city is situated tile quinta San Pedro Alejandrino, where the Liberator
five
; : ; ; ;
501
un hermoso puente de
hierro
para facilitar
el
Biohacha, puerto
comercio exterior.
del departamento.
muy
el
Riohacha
sary
wealthiest
is
very
for
Cinaga, la ciudad
ms comercial y
rica
elements
commerce.
city
is
Cinaga
the
Valledupar, en
el
in the department.
Chiriguan con-
Villanueva, centro
nueva
is
and cocoanut plantations. Villathe center of the coffee and liquor industries.
DR.
EDUARDO URUETA
Finished bis professional studies of medicine and surgery
at the University of Bolvar, in the city of Cartagena de
Indias,
Coron su carrera de Mdico y Cirajano en la Universidad de Bolvar, de Cartagena de Indias, donde en su poca de
estudiante alcanz por concurso las plazas de Disector ana-
where during
bis student's
days he won
director
in competi-
de Practicante interno
en
tomical
Hospital.
and
resident
Ha
Nueva
rales.
residido
varios
aos
un "internado"
los
completo en uno de
institucin
afamados
spent several years in New in the study of general medicine and surgery. He served
He
York
que
lo
honr con
el
diploma
al final
el
de su servicio.
el
Desde
ao de 1915 viene
bis services.
delicado
has
filled
delicate positions in
Santa Marta,
de
la
Adolfo Urueta.
M.
A.
ZUNIGA
Import, export and commission business;
firms represented;
drafts
Negocios de Importacin, Exportacin, Comisiones y Representacin DE Casas Extranjeras y del Pas. Compra y Venta DE Letras. Agente de: El Banco Dugand Barranquilla El Banco Comercial de Barranquilla Barranquilla Pineda Lpez & Co. Barranquilla Compaa General de Seguros Bogot
bought and
sold.
Barranquilla;
Pineda
Lpez
&
Co., Barranquilla,
Santa Marta, Colombia, Calle 10^ N. 13. Direccin telegrfica: "Miziga." Cdigos
edicin.
Lieber's,
AB C
5a
Calle
10,
No.
13,
P. O. Apartado 4^.
ed.
Apartado postal: N.
Telegraph:
43.
MIZIGA.
ABC 6ih
502
SANTA MARTA
Capital del Departamento del Magdalena y de la provincia de su nombre. Es Santa Marta la primera ciudad fundada en tierra firme en los vastos dominios cedidos a
Corona de Castilla por el Papa Alejandro VI. Data su fundacin, segn el Bachiller Enciso, del ao de 1502 pero afirman otros historiadores que fu don Rodrigo de Bastidas el que dio comienzo a su edificacin, el que pis por vez primera la blanca playa en que est edificada, y el que le dio el nombre de Santa Marta, por haber descubierto aquel sitio en 29 de julio de 1525. La ciudad est edificada en una playa salitrosa en la desembocadura del ro Manzanares, y tiene a sus pies una baha en forma de hemiciclo, en el extremo noroeste de la El explorador francs Elseo Reclus, en Sierra Nevada. su obra Blis Exploraciones en Amrica, dice con respecto a la situacin geogrfica de esta ciudad: "Santa Marta est sitviada en un verdadero paraso terrenal. Sentada ai borde de una playa que se extiende en forma de concha marina, aparecen agrupadas sus blancas casas bajo el espeso follaje de palmeras, resplandeciendo al sol como un diamante engarzado en una esmeralda. Alrededor de la ciudad, el llano, extendindose en vasto crculo, se levanta en graciosas ondulaciones hapia la base de las montaas. stas se van escalonando, apareciendo sus gigantescos peldaos diversamente matizados por la vegetacin que los cubre y el cielo azul, obscurecido alrededor de las altas cimas; girones de blancas nubes llenan las alturas, deshacindose en fragmentos sobre las cumbres; en este fondo de nubes, picos y montes de todas formas, destcase libre y soberano el Horqueta, cuyo doble cono, erguido sobre el horizonte, parece reinar en el inmenso espacio. Los enormes sostenes en que se apoya el pico en las dos cabezas se desarrollan a derecha e izquierda en dos cadenas de monte que se curvan alrededor del llano de Santa Marta, bajan, formando la larga arista de sus cimas una serie de graciosos saltos y van a sumergirse en el mar, a ambos lados del puerto, desafiando las tempestades sus gallardos promontorios coronados por viejos castillos derruidos. La llanura parece as levantada en brazos del gigante Horqueta e inclinada ligeramente cmo un cesto de flores hacia el niar, resplandeciente de luz. El promontorio del Norte se esconde por debajo de las aguas y reaparece luego para formar el Llorrilln y el Morro, dos islas rocosas que sirven El conjunto del de rompeolas a la entrada del puerto. paisaje encerrado en este recinto ofrece una armona indescriptible todo es rtmico en este apartado mundo, limitado hacia el continente, pero abierto por el lado del ocano. Todo parece haber obedecido a la misma ley, a juzgar por la dulzura de las ondulaciones, desde las altas montaas con sus redondas cimas hasta las olas espumosas Contemplando tan dbilmente trazadas sobi-e la arena. grandiosa belleza, bajo el inmarcesible azul de este cielo, no se sienten pasar las horas con traidora rapidez, sobre todo por las tardes, cuando el disco del sol empieza a sumergirse en el mar y el agua tranquila viene a suspirar al pie de las rocas la verde llanura, los valles obscuros de la Sierra, las nubes color de rosa y las cimas lejanas, vistas a travs de un polvillo de fuego, forman en conjunto un admirable cuadro que hace cesar la vida del pensamiento para no sentir ms que la necesidad de mirar. Cuantos han tenido la dicha de contemplar este grandioso paisaje no lo olvidan jams." La baha de Santa Marta est formada por la rada limitada por la isla rocallosa de Morrogrande y la punta de Gaira, y por el puerto sus fondeaderos son excelentes, por lo seguros y profundos en el islote del Morro hay un faro de luz fija. Su clima es clido (29), pero muy sano y continuamente refrescado por las brisas marinas tiene a cinco leguas vastas regiones con clima de 20, con ricas plantaciones de caf.
la
;
; ;
Capital of the Department of Magdalena and of the provinee of the same ame. Santa Marta was the first eity founded on the mainland of the vast dominions ceded to the Crown of Castile by Pope Alexandria VI. It was founded, aecording to Bachiller Enciso, in 1502; but other historians assert that the founder was Don Rodrigo de Bastidas, who was the first to land on the shore where it is built, and who gave it its ame because the place was discovered on July 29, 1525. The city is built on a salty shore at the mouth of the Manzanares river, inside a semicircular bay, at the northeast end of the Sierra Nevada. The Prench explorer Blis Reclus, in his work Explorations in America, says of the geographical location of this city: "Santa Marta is located in a veritable terrestrial paradise, on the border of a shore that extends in the shape of a marine shell. Its white houses are seen through the thick foliage of palm trees, having in the light of the sun the appearanee of a diamond set in an emerald. Around the city, the plain, which extends in an immense circle, rises in graceiful waves towards the base of the mountains. These mountains ascend in gigantic steps, diversified by the vegetation that covers them, and the blue sky, which becomes dark near the high summits. The lofty peaks are covered by white clouds, which seem to rest on them. In the midst of this baekground of clouds, forests and peaks of all forms, the majestic Horqueta towers above all others with its double cone, which seems to domnate the whole horizon like a king of space. The euonnous mountains that form the foundation of the peak at its two ends branch out towards the right and left into two ranges, which, winding through the Santa Marta plain, continu, with a series of beautiful abrupt breaks, as far as the sea, on both sides of the port, where its imposing promontories are surmounted by od crumbling castles seeming to defy the storms of the ocean. The plain thus looks as if held in the arms of the gigantic Horqueta, slightly inclining towards the sea, like a basket of fiowers of the most beautiful hues. The northem promontory is hidden under the water, and afterwards reappears and forms the Morrilln and IMorro islands, ,which act as breakwaters at the entrance to the port. The landscape of this regin is indescribably harmOniuS, everything is rhythmic in this distant spot, shut in on the side of the continent but entirely open towards the ocean. Everything seems to have followed the same law, judging by the gentleuess of the undulations as the ground descends from the high mountains with their rounded summits down to the foamy waves that lightly beat against the sandy shore. When one beholds so grand a spectacle, under this untarnished blue sky, one does not feel time fly with cruel rapidity, especially in the afternoon hours, when the sun's disc begins to sink into the sea and the tranquil water seems to sigh at the foot of the rocks the green plain, the dark valleys of the Sierra, the rosy clouds and the distant mountain tops, seen through a mist of light golddust, form together a magnificent picture which
My
paralyzes thought and makes one feel nothing but an impulse to continu to look without thinking. No one who has had the good fortune of beholding this magnificent view can ever forget it. Santa Marta bay is bounded by the rocky island of ]\Iorrogrande, Punta de Gaira, and the port. Its anchoring grounds are eseellent, being safe and deep. In Morro island there is a lighthouse. The climate of the city is hot, being about 29 C. However, it is very healthful, and constantly refreshed by the breeze from the sea. Within 5 leagues of the city there are vast regions with a temperature of 20 C, and containing very rich coffee plantations. The streets and avenues of the city are straight but narrow, and give to it the appearance of a chess board. The streets are paved with
503
and tlie sidewaiks are well graded and cemented. The breeze blowing from the Sierra sweeps through the In streets of the city, all of which run from east to west. the city there are 14 streets, 8 avenues, and 8 plazas. In
sand,
de
la Sierra
y barren
las calles
de
is
direccin, de oriente a occidente. Hay en la ciudad 14 calles, 8 avenidas y 8 plazas. En la plaza de Bolvar se levanta un vistoso parque con un elegante puente de mrmol blanco. El Palacio de Gobierno es un edificio de arquitectura moderna, de elegante apariencia y de fuerte construccin. Posee la ciudad, adyacente al parque de Bolvar, un jardn hennosamente cultivado de flores tropicales. En la marina, frente a los balnearios pblicos, existe un largo paseo provisto de alumbrado elctrico, en donde los
llevan la
misma
The palace of govemment is a building of modem architeeture, substantially and elegantly eonstrueted. Adjoining Bolvar Park, there is a beautiful garden of Along the public bathing places there tropical flowers. is a promenade lighted by electricity, where the cultured and sociable inhabitants of Santa Marta find rest and entertainment. Santa iMarta owns the Abello library, donated by the illustrious president of the State of Magdalena, Dr. Toms E. Abello.
:-
...
.,-.r^1
Santa Marta--Colombia
ir
1^
&
^
ing
all
puerto
Posee la Biblioteca Abello, cedida al pblico estudioso de ciudad por el ilustrado Presidente del Estado del Magdalena, doctor Toms E. Abello. La Escuela Normal es un local apropiado en buenas condiciones de higiene y salubridad. Adems de aquel instituto superior hay en la ciudad y en los corregimientos varias escuelas de enseanza primaria y secundaria. Con 4 templos catlicos cuenta el pueblo religioso, entre
sanitary conditions. Besides that institution, there are in the city and in the surrounding districts several
hermosa catedral. El mercado pblico e^ un edificio moderno dotado de mesas de mrmol para el beneficio de la carne vacuna, y de una fuente de agua permanente en el centro del patio. Existen dos hospitales: el de San Juan de Dios y el que ltimamente ha instalado la United Fruit Company, de hierro, provisto de sala de diseccin y de un laboratorio bacteriolgico, con quintas a su derredor para amenizar la morada de los afligidos.
los cuales se destaca la
primary and secondary schools. There are four Catholic ehurehes, the principal one being the handsome cathedral. The public market place is a modern building equipped with marble tables for meat, and having in the center a fountain of running water. There are two hospitals San Juan de Dios, and one recently founded by the United Fruit Company, the latter being made of steel and having a dissecting room and bacteriolgica! laboratory, besides surrounding cottages, to add to the comfort of the patients. There are in the city three cemeteries one Catholic, one Hebrew, and one Protestant. The water supply is efeeted by means of iron
pipes.
en la ciudad tres cementerios: el catlico, el hebreo protestante. El servicio de aguas se hace por tuberas de hierro. Una compaa norteamericana ha instalado el alumbrado pblico. El motor elctrico funciona a un mirimetro de la ciudad, en la villa de Bonda, con turbinas establecidas en
el el ro
Hay
Manzanares.
estacin inalmbrica, sistema Mareoni, levantada por
La
la
United Fruit Company, es una de las ms poderosas de Sur Amrica. El servicio ms frecuente de la estacin se hace con Swan Island y Nueva Orlens, pero se comunica
504
Public lighting has been undertaken by an American The electric motor is located 10 kilometers from the city, in the town of Bonda, with turbines installed in the Manzanares river. The Mareoni wireless station erected by the United Fruit Company is one of the most powerful in South America. The most frequent way of communicatiou is b.v way of Swan island and New Orleans, but the station communicates also with Bocas del Toro, Puerto Limn, Puerto BarThe four towers have rios, and Blue Fields (Nicaragua). a height of 310 feet, and their eonstruction cost 100,000
company.
dollars.
Santa Marta
is
govemor
of the de-
ms de $100,000
Santa Marta
oro.
gobernador y del obispo de la dicesis. Tiene un seminario. Bn Santa Marta tocan los vapores de la United Pruit Company que van semanalmente a Nueva York, y los de la Compaa Blders Fiifed, que van a Liverpool. El puerto es adems concurrido por todas las embarcaciones que cruzan el mar de las Antillas. Hay en la ciudad agentes consulares de Inglaterra, Francia, Espaa, Alemania, Estados Unidos, Venezuela,
es la residencia del
Chile
Argeiitina.
El Ferrocarril de Santa Marta, que parte de esta ciudad a Fundacin, pasando por Gaira, Cinaga y Aracataca,
Caribbean sea. Li the city there are consular agents for England, France, Spain, Germany, the United States, Venezuela, Chile, and Argentina. The Santa Marta railroad, which runs from Santa Marta to Fundacin, and goes through Gaira, Cinaga and Aracataca, traverses all the prosperous banana regin. It is 110 kilometers long. According to the 1881 contract, the railroad will go as'far as Plato, a port on the Magdalena river, in order to .connect that port with Santa Marta,
el
Libertador Bolvar
recorre toda la prspera regin bananera tiene una longitud de 110 kilmetros. Segn el contrato de 1881, el ferrocarril ir hasta Plato, puerto sobre el ro Magdalena, a fin de comunicar aquel puerto fluvial con el martimo de Santa Marta, y dar ensanche a la industria agrcola de toda esa zona del departamento, con las facilidades de la exportacin que le dar aquella va ferroviaria. Tiene Santa Marta dos estatuas del Libertador: la una ecuestre, situada en el parque de la plaza de Bolvar, de tamao diminuto, vaciada en bronce y colocada en un templete de mrmol, obra del escultor Anderlini Giovani la otra es pedestre, esculpida en mrmol blanco, de talla heroica, erecta en la preciosa quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino. En esta ciudad, asiento de una de las principales aduanas nacionales del pas, hay fbricas de hielo, de ladrillos de barro cocido, tenera y fbrica de calzado, etc. Dos hermosos y slidos puentes de hierro, de construccin norteamericana, estn situados en el ro Manzanares uno en el paso del Mayor y otro a inmediaciones de la histrica quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino. Existe sobre el mismo ro un tercer puente de construccin espaola, que data de la poca de la colonia, slido contra la influencia destructora del tiempo. Se halla a dos kilmetros de la ciudad, en el camino carretero de Santa Marta a Gaira. Sobre el ro Gaira se ha levantado en estos ltimos tiempos
seis horas de Puerto Colomocho de Riohacha, veinte de Cartagena, dos das de Kingston, seis das de Nueva York, y quince de Liverpool. bia,
two days from Kingston, six from New York, and fifteen from Liverpool. It communicates with the interior of the republic through Barranquilla, where travelers go through La Cinaga on gasoline launches or steamers; at Barranquilla they take the IMagdalena steamboats. This historie city has an illustrious past, and has given to Colombia men that have done honor to her in all fields.
505
y aun stas eran pequeas; los mtodos de cultivo y de transporte eran sumamente primitivos, y las personas que hacan el negocio e:casamente conocan los muchos pormenores que hay que tener en
very unsystematically and ineRciently. American importing companies usually bought bananas from native planters; few had plantatons of their own, and even those were on a small scale; the methods of cultivation, transportation to the sea, loading and unloading were most primitive, and those engaged in the business had little knowledge of the many details that must be taken into account to make it successfu)
cuenta para obtener buenos resultados de una grande empresa. La United Fruit Company revolucion todo esto. Esta compaa fu fundada en 1899 con un capital autorizado de 20,000,000 de dlares, que ms tarde se aument hasta 75,000,000. Sus principales fundadores fueron Andrew W. P eston, actual presidente de la compaa, y Minor C. Keith, quien, como Mr. Preston, haba dirigido varias empresas que comerciaban en bananos. Inmediatamente compr vastas extensiones de terrenos agrcolas en la Amrica Central, Colombia y las Antillas, para tener plantaciones propias. Casi todos estos terrenos estn ahora sembrados de bananos, que es el producto principal cultivado por la compaa. No es el nico, sin embargo; pues la compaa tiene grandes plantaciones de cocos, caa de azcar y otras, as como extensos pastales para la cra y ceba de ganado. Una de las primeras cosas que la compaa tuvo que hacer fu mejorar los medios de transporte. En 1900 tena en todas sus posesiones tropicales slo 112 millas de vas frreas, y el material rodante constaba de 17 locomotoras y cerca de 290 vagones de carga; hoy tiene ms de 1000 millas de va, y en la sola industria bananera emplea ms de 100 locomotoras y 2500 vagones de carga. Es de advertirse que las vas frreas de la compaa, que comprenden muchos tranvas, no se dedican todas exclusivamente a sus negocios; muchas de ellas ponen en comunicacin poblaciones importantes y atraviesan regiones industriales bien pobladas, ofreciendo as medios fciles y rpidos de transporte donde antes no los haba.
as a big enterprise.
revolutionized
all this.
The United
founders were
poration,
Fruit
in 1899
with an authorized
Its leading
capital of $20,000,000,
to $75,000,000.
is
Andrew W.
Preston,
who
like
now
Mr. Preston, had been at the It at once bought large reas of agricultural land in Central America, Colombia and the West Indies, so as to have its own plantatons. Most of this land is now planted with bananas, the main product grown by the Company.
head
of several conoerns
The banana
is
for the
One of the first steps the Company was forced to take was the means of transportation. In 1900 it had only 112 miles
in
improve
of railway,
the rolUng stock comprising 17 locomotives and about 290 freight cars,
aU its tropical possessions; today it operates over 1000 miles of railway, and the banana trafic alone uses more than 100 locomotives and 2500 freight cars. It is to be noted that the Company's railways,
including
many tramways,
many
of
easy and efficient means of transportation which they did not have
before.
506
de vapores de la com-
The same
is
true of the
Company's
For-
En
pequeo de
mal equipadas y apenas seguras, y ni los pasajeros hallaban mucho mejor servicio. Hoy, la Gran Flota Blanca de la
goletas,
much
^^
better accommodations.
hite Fleet aords
means
United Fruit
transporte
y comodidades
Sus vapores
to those afforded
by the best
passenger steamers,
los trpicos,
no dejan
camarotes
they
que desear:
have exc ptionally large decks, comfortable and well-ventilated staterooms, luxurious saloons, and
all
holgados y bien ventilados, lujosos salones, y todas las mejoras y comodidades modernas, incluso
el
Latin
America.
It
It
como 35,000
por ao.
personas,
acres of land.
En
of over $13,000,000.
It uses, ordinarily, over
its
business,
it
now has
owns
Los vapores de
Amrica Central.
del Atlntico
la
compaa prestan
el
carga y correos entre los Estados Unidos y casi todos los puertos de la
owners.
Its
En
realidad,
Coln es actualmente
el
nico puerto
la industria
bananera
la
and
freight service
between most
States.
In
fact,
Colon
is
estaciones inalmbricas en
Atlantic coast which does not rely exclusively, at the present time,
Le han costado ms de
gastos, las
for the
maintenance
of its
commercial
1,300,000 dlares,
sostiene
y aunque por s mismas no pagan los nicamente por su valor como elementos auxiliares
del negocio
de bananos.
and on
llenos de paludismo, en poblaciones sanas e higiicas.
is
Ha
operated at a
loss solely
y matorrales
banana
It
business.
Ha
tarillado
y abastecinento de agua,
e instalaciones elctricas.
.
lidden
swamps and
com-
Ha
en
munities.
It
Durante
el
ao de 1917
se atendieron
ms de 100,000
communities.
empleados.
Los gastos de
los hospitales
en 1917 ascendieron a ms
de 500,000 dlares.
Los barcos de
la
compaa llevan a
los
over 100,000 cases were treated in the hospitals, of which 20,000 were
not employs.
The
was
over $500,000.
la
La compaa
el
tiene negocios
los
enormes en
Its
ao de 1917 gast en
food and other products of the United States essential for their existence
as a civilized race.
It does a
portaciones.
se
ocupa tambin en
calhoun y
el
balso
pended
It
in th
owns or
and
is
las
tions,
engaged
cohune
Antes que
la
wood in various countries of Central America. The Company's Colombian plantations are located in the
Riofro,
banano,
lo
y tan
tiene
Hoy
ros
la
compaa
all
ms de 25,000
acres sembrados,
and Aracataca districts, not far from Santa Marta. Before the Company began to develop this regin, the banana industry was carried on by natives, who used very crude methods, and raised only enough
Sevilla
El Riofro y otros
irrigacin.
la estacin
ms
En
de
la
los alrededores
Now the Company has over 25,000 acres under and employs about 2500 workers, nearly all Colombians. The Riofro and several smaller rivers afford convenient means of
fruit for local needs.
cultivation,
inalmbrica
irrigation.
la
ms poderosas de
Amrica
Meridional.
La compaa
tiene
of the
In the outskirts of Santa Marta is the Company's radio station, one most powerful in South America. The Company has other radio
and
New
Orleans,
by means
of
which
Panam, Costa Rica, Swan Island its steamers are in constant comonly
expedites
con
tierra.
Esto no slo
facilita los
its business,
munication with land an arrangement which not but is a great convenience to passengers.
507
ANDRS
La
es
A.
YANET
Don Andrs
A. Yanet's commercial house,
is
una de
ms importantes
del comercio de
el
established in 1910,
in
ao de 1910.
Santa Marta.
Por su propio
esfuerzo,
su caballerosidad y
Through
honradez, su constancia en
el
his
own
efforts, his
courteous manin
trabajo
el
y su
trato
ner,
his
honesty,
his
assiduity
para con
el
pblico, se ha
clientela
formado
seor Yauot
his fair
work and
Mr. Yanet
una numerosa
que
public,
whom
all
como toda
culos de grano
quincallera.
los
such importadores de
as
all
serves, cereals,
and hardware.
one of the largest importers in
cattle hides
mayor
escala
Yanet
is
and goat
de res y de cabro.
hides on a very large scale.
He
is,
besides, the
Es,
los
magnficos
"Firestone,"
que por
los
los
resultados prcticos
WILLIAM
Naci en La Salle Estados Unidos de Amrica graduado Ingeniero mecnico y electricista; vino Colombia como GeCountj',
A.
TROUT
rente de la West India Colombian Electric Co., empresa de luz elctrica V telfonos, en 1889." En 1900 fu
Born in La Salle County, United States of America; gradate civil and electrical engineer. In 1889 eame to Colombia as manager of the West India Colombian Electric Company, an electric hght and telephone concern. In 1900 he was appointed consular agent for his country in Santa Marta, an office which he still holds. In 1902 he founded the Santa Marta Ice Company, a stock company of which he has alwaj's been manager. In 1912 he was appointed inspector general of the Department of Electricity of the Santa Marta Railway Company, Ltd., and organized the telephone service of that company, carrying it to a distance of 68 miles from Santa Marta and instaUing apparatus in all the principal points of the banana regin for the prvate use of the United Fruit Company. In 1914 he founded the Pubhc Spectacle Company of Santa Marta, also a stock company of which he was
Agente Consular de su pas on Santa Marta, uiesto que ocupa todava. En 1902 fund la Compaa de Hielo de Santa Marta en forma annima, de la cual ha sido siempre Gerente. En 1912
fu nombrado Inspector general del Departamento de
electricidad de The Santa iMarta Railway Co., Ltd., y organiz el servicio de telfonos de
nombrado
made manager.
Mr. Trout is highly esteemed in all Santa Marta social circles. In 1916 the Samara Society distinguished him by appointing him president of the Cafnival Festival.
dicha Compaa hasta extenderlo a 68 millas fuera de Santa Marta, colocando aparatos en los puntos ms importantes de la regin bananera para el servicio privado [de la United Fruit Co. En 191-1 fund la Compaa de Espectculos Pbhcos de Santa Marta tambin en forma annima y|fu nombrado Gerente de la misma compaa. Es Mr. Trout persona muy apreciada en todos los crculos sociales de Santa Marta. En 1916 fu distinguido por la Sociedad Samarla con la eleccin de Presidente de la Fiestas del Carnaval.
508
como
There
is
all
diseases
in all
rheumatism
Walter Carroll M.
Farm.\cia Central
Walteb Caheoll M.
Fahmacia Central
medicines.
National
and
Com-
de
todas
clases.
Repre-
mission business.
Comisiones.
Walter Carroll
M.'s Creo-
Solucin Pectoral
Creoso-
An
tonic
preparation for
a rapid
re-
co-pulmonar.
segura
Cura y
rpida
y
res-
colds, hooping-cough,
and throat
the
de
catarros,
asma,
diseases.
It
strengthens
afecciones de
la
garganta.
Robustece
los
pulmones
preserva de
tuber-
culosis.
De
For
tions et Mines de Jirocasaca, de Pars, est situada en la falda occidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta a tres horas de esa ciudad y puerto. Su situacin es excepcional, tanto por su gran proximidad al mar como por su altitud y conformacin. El cafetal se encuentra en las faldas circulares que forman el valle de Jirocasaca con exposicin al oeste. Mirando en esa direccin la belleza del paisaje es indescriptible; el panorama abraza toda la Uanura que separa la Sierra del mar, salpicada por los pueblecitos aborgenes de Bonda, Mamatoco, Gaira, hasta la
incomparable baha de Santa Marta, cerrando el horizonte la inmensidad del Caribe. La altitud vara entre 600 y 1200 metros. Los cafetales tienen una extensin de 300 hectreas, con unos 450,000 rboles, de los cuales la mitad estn en plena produccin. Minea, el cafetal madre de esta regin, fu fundado en la primera mitad del siglo pasado, y cuando el gegrafo Elseo Reelus visit la Sierra Nevada, la conquista del hombre en la selva virgen se limitaba a los confines de esa hacienda. Muchos aos pasaron sin que ese buen ejemplo diera resultado, pero al fin la buena semilla brot y varias haciendas de caf han sido fundadas en los ltimos treinta aos. La excelente calidad del caf producido en la Sierra Nevada lo ha colocado en los mercados europeos al lado de los mejores y ms apreciados de Centro y Sur- Amrica; all siempre obtiene los precios ms altos, lo que augura un magnfico porvenir para esta bella regin de Colombia.
This farm is the property of the Compagnie des Plantations et Mines de Jirocasaca. It is situated on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, three hours' journey from that citj'. Its position is exceptionaUy favorable, both on account of its pro.ximity to the sea and of its altitude and topographical features. The coffee plantation is on the circular slopes forming the valley of Jirocasaca, and looks towards the west. The view from there is'most beautiful; it embraces all the plain that separates the Sierra from the sea, and is studded with the smaU Indian settlements of Bonda, jMamatoco and Gaira; it extends as far as the exceUent bay of Santa Marta, and from there on the eye can see out as far as the sea horizon. The elevation vares between 600 and 1200 meters. The coffee plantations cover 300 hektares and have about 450,000 trees, of which one-half are producing. Minea, the main coffee plantation in this regin, was started in the first half of last century, and when the geographer EUse Reelus visited Sierra Nevada, the conquest of the virgin forest by man did not go bej'ond that plantation. Many years elapsed before that example was foUowed; but at last the good seed fructified; and during the last thirty years several coffee plantations have been started.
The excellent quality of the coffee produced in Sierra Nevada has placed it in European markets beside the best and most sohcited products of Central and South America. It always commands the highest prices, and there is no doubt that in this product that regin of Colombia wl find a bright future.
509
"EL ENSAYO"
Such
of the
is
the
ame
Departamento
del
el
Libertador Simn
It was founded by Don Manuel Julin de Mier near the quinta San Pedro Alejandrino, where the Liberator Simn Bolvar passed his last
Department of Magdalena.
Bolvar.
days.
los estudios especiales
que ha hecho
Having made a
and hav-
el
mejor tabaco
ing devoted himself assiduously to this industry, Mr. Mier has succeeded in producing the best tobceo in the depart-
Departamento, y prueba de ello es la gran aceptacin que tiene hoy en el mercado sobre cualque se consume en
quier tabaco de otra clase.
ment, as evidenced by
the market.
its
being preferred to
all
others in
es
agricultor, sino
un
Mr. Mier
is
vez es miembro
He
is
DR. M.
Naci en Medellin, capital de Antioquia, ciudad en donde inici sus estudios de Literatura y Medicina en la Universidad, para terminarlos en Bogot, en cuya Facultad obtuvo ttulo de Doctor en 1903 con la calificacin ms elevada. Como estudiante mereci la distincin de ser dos veces interno en las clnicas de Obstetricia y Oftalmologa, dirigida sta ltima por el lamentado oculista Indalecio Camacho. Merced al propio esfuerzo ha conquistado merecida reputacin mdica en los distintos lugares en donde ha ejercido; lo mismo que en los diversos puestos que ha desempeado. El Departamento del Magdalena, en donde est radicado actualmente ejerciendo su profesin y gozando de selecta y numerosa clientela, merecida por su consagracin al estudio y por los elementos modernos de diagnstico de que dispone, lo honr eligindolo Representante al Congreso Nacional en 1914.
A.
VALENCIA
He began at MedeUn, capital of Antioquia. and medicine in the university of that cit}', and finished them in Bogot, where he obtained the degree of doctor in 1903, passing his examinations with high honors. While a student he deserved the distinction of being twice appointed resident physician in the departments of obstetrics and ophthalmology, the latter of which was directed by the late ooulist
Born
his studies of literature
Through his own effort, he has Indalecio Camacho. attained a weU deserved medical reputation everywhere he has practised, as weU as in the different positions he has Ued.
The Department
of
Magdalena, where he
is
now
very large number of select patients, whom he has attracted by his devotion to study and the numerous diagnostical elements in his possession, honored hini in 1914 by electing him to the national Congress.
510
NARINO
Uno de los catorce departamentos en que se halla dividida la Repblica de Colombia.
Lmites.
el este las
One
lic
Por
;
el norte, el
sur, el
Comisaras del Caquet y del Putumayo Ecuador y por el oeste, el Ocano Pacfico.
por
el
Boundaries. On the north, the Department of Cauca; on the east, the Comisaras (territories) of the Caquet and Putumayo; on the south, Ecuador; and on the west,
the Pacific ocean.
Extensin. La extensin superficial del Departamento de Nario es aproximadamente de unos 30,000 kilmetros cuadrados, de los cuales unos 20,000 estn poblados y cultivados y los restantes son baldos. Relieve. La Cordillera de los Andes entra al Departamento de Nario por la parte sur del mismo, habindose bifurcado ya desde los confines de la Repblica del EcuaEntre estos dos brazos, llamados Cordillera Occidendor. tal o del Choc, y Cordillera Central o del Quindo, se encuentran las mesetas de Pasto y Tquerres, y los volcanes de Chiles, Cumbal, Azufral, Pasto o Galera y Doa Juana, de los cuales los tres primeros estn situados en el arranque de la Cordillera del Choc y los dos ltimos sobre la porcin de la Cordillera Central correspondiente al Departamento de Nario. Todos estos volcanes se hallan en actividad, a excepcin de los de Cumbal y Azufral. De las aguas que baan el territorio de Nario, unas van al oeste, en busca del Ocano Pacfico, y las otras al sudeste, en busca del Amazonas. Los principales ros que desaguan en eh Pacfico, son: el Iscuand, que se halla comunicado con el ro Pata por un brazo o canal natural llamado Tapaje el Pata, nacido hacia el sur del Departamento del Cauca, en el Pramo de las Papas, y que recorre primeramente el territorio de este ltimo departamento en direccin de norte a suroeste, y que al penetrar en el de Nario tuerce al occidente, despus de romper la Cordillera Occidental. Los afluentes del Pata, en territorio caucano, son el IMamaeonde, por la margen derecha, y por la izquierda el Guachicono, con su anuente el San Jorge, y el Mayo. En territorio de Nario, son: el San Pablo, en la margen derecha, y por la izquierda, el Juanamb, el Guitara, que pasa por Pasto, el Magu, el Telemb, que pasa por Barbacoas, y que tiene por su afluente al Guag. Finalmente, desembocan en el Pacfico el Mira y el arroyo Mata je, que parte lmites con el Ecuador. Los ros que nacen en Nario para seguir a la inmensa regin oriental,
;
:
rea. The rea of the Department of Nario is approximately 30,000 square kilometers, of which about 20,000 is inhabited and cultivated, the rest being public lands.
Natural peatures.
enters the
department at its southern part, having before divided into two branches near the border of the republic of Ecuador. Between these two branches, called respectively Western, or
Choc, Cordillera and Central, or Quindo, Cordillera, are situated the plateaus of Pasto and Tquerres, and the Chiles, Cumbal, Azufral, Pasto or Galera and Doa Juana volcanoes, the first three of which are at the beginning of the Choc Cordillera, and the last two in the regin of the Central Cordillera corresponding to the Department of Nario. With the exception of Cumbal and Azufral, all these volcanoes are active. Of the streams that water the territory of the department, some flow towards the Pacific ocean, and the others in a southeasternly direction, towards the Amazon river. The principal rivers emptying into the Pacific are the Iscuand, which connects with the Pata by a natural channel called Tapaje; the Pata, which has its source in the southern part of the Department of Cauca, in the Las Papas Paramo, and runs first through the latter department from north to southwest, and, on entering the Department of Nario, turns towards the west, after having
:
son
el
Putumayo y
al
ltimo.
El censo arroja 292,535 habitantes, sin contar los indios no cristianados. Predomina la raza in-/ dgena, mezclada ya bastante con la blanca. Industria y Comercio. El Departamento de Nario es uno de los ms laboriosos e industriosos de la repblica. La industria agrcola produce en abundancia todos los granos propios de las mesetas andinas, y la ganadera se halla muy desarrollada, especialmente en las vegas del Pata y de sus afluentes. La industria fabril produce telas de lana y algodn para el consumo del pueblo y muchos utensilios y objetos domsticos. El comercio de Nario se hace con los departamentos vecinos, con la Repblica del Ecuador y con los Estados Unidos y Europa. Exporta oro, sombreros de paja, pieles, caucho, caf, ans y tabaco. Su principal va de comercio con el exterior es la de Barbacoas y Tumaco, y actualmente se est abriendo otra hacia Entre Tumaco y Barbacoas se hace el la hoya amaznica. trfico por medio de vapores. Es caracterstica y exclusiva de la ciudad de Pasto la industria del barniz, conocido desde el ao de 1543; este barniz es el cogollo de un rbol del Caquet, llamado mopa-mopa. VAS DE Comunicacin. La Carretera del sur atraviesa todo el departamento desde La Unin hasta BarbaGrandes esfuerzos se han requerido para su conscoas. truccin en el can del Guitara; sobre este ro se instal
Poblacin.
511
The tributarles of the crossed the Western Cordillera. Pata, in the Department of Cauca are the Mamaconde, on the right-hand side, and on the left, the Guachicono and its tributary the San Jorge, and the Mayo in the department of Nario, the San Pablo, on the right-hand side, and on the left, the Juanamb, the Guitara, which flows through Pasto, the Magu, the Telemb, which flows through Ba-rbacoas, and of which the Guag is a tributary. Those emptying into the Pacific are the Mira, and the Mataje brook, which forms part of the boundary with Ecuador. The rivers having their source in the department and flowing towards the immense eastern regin are the Putumayo, and the Aguarico, the latter of which is a tributary of the
:
apo. PoPULATiON. According to the census, the population, without counting the Indians not yet civilized, is 292,535 inhabitauts. The Indian race, already considerably mixed
with the white, predomnales.
Industry AND CoMMERCE. The department of Nario one of the most industrious in the republic. Agriculture produces in abundance all the cercis of the Andine plateaus, and cattle raising has been very considerably developed, especially in the valleys of the Pata and its tribuThe textile industry produces wool and cotton tarles. goods for domestic consumption. The commerce of Nario is mainly with the neighboring departments, the republic It exports of Ecuador, the United States, and Europe. gold, Panam hats, hides, rubber, coffee, anise, and toIts principal route of communication with foreign iDacco. countries is that of Barbacoas and Tumaco, and at present a road is being built towards the Amazonic watershed. The tralific between Tumaco and Barbacoas is efected by means of steamers. The making of mopa-mopa varnish is a characteristic and exclusive industry of the city of Pasto, where it has been known since 1543; the varnish is extracted from the sprouts of a tree growing in the Caquet, and known as nwparm,opa.
is
un puente de
es del
10% y
acero. La gradiente general de la carretera la mxima del 12% las curvas de radio son de 25 metros; es traficada por automviles y
;
Ways
of Transportation.
i'ueda.
El Pata es navegable 65 kilmetros entre las cordilleras, hasta el puerto de Tumaco, situado en una isla llana desde la cual se divisan los nevados de Chiles, Cumbal y Cotacachi; esta isla est rodeada por otras
muchas pequeas
traverses the whole department from La Unin to Barbacoas. The construction of the part of it running through the Guitara Canyon has required a great deal of labor; a Steel bridge was constructed across this river. The average grade of the road is 10 per cent, the mximum being 12 per cent; the mnimum radius of curves is 25 meters. Over the road travel automobiles and all other vehicles.
The Pata
is
Las vas de Pasto al Putumayo son de vital importancia para la defensa nacional y para el desarrollo industrial del departamento y del pas.
El ferrocarril de Nario, obra en perspectiva para la cual se han sealado ya los recursos por el legislador, recorrer comarcas excepcionalmente frtiles, que estn poblndose rpidamente y que, enlazadas con el resto de la repblica, harn de aquella regin inexpugnable baluarte para la soberana nacional en vastos y ricos territorios. La extensin total del ferrocarril ser de 305 kilmetros, y el presupuesto de su costo aproximado asciende a $11,200,000 oro, computando el costo de los primeros 20 kilmetros a $80,000 oro. Minerales. En la Pt'ovineia de Barbacoas estn en explotacin cerca de 200 minas de aluvin. Los yacimientos aluviales de oro de esta regin, se trabajan desde tiempo de la Colonia. El
oro. ro Cristal es las regiones
tween the cordilleras, down to the port of Tumaco, situated on a flat island from which the snow-capped peaks of Chiles, Cumbal, and Cotacachi can be seen. This island is surrounded by many smaller ones, which are constantly beaten by stormy waves.
una de las cabeceras del ro Telemb; de este ro son mineras y sumamente ricas en
The roads from Pasto to the Putumayo river are of great importance for national defence and for the industrial development of the department and the surrounding regions. The projected Nario Railroad, for which the necessary fuuds have already been voted, will traverse exceptionally rich territory, which is being rapidly settled, and which, being connected with the rest of the republic, will become an impregnable bulwark for the preservation of national sovereignty over an immense and rich regin. The total length of the railroad will be 305 kilometers, and its estimated cost will amount to 11,200,000 dollars,, assuming the cost of the first 20 kilometers to be 80,000 dollars per kilometer.
Minerals. In the province of Barbacoas there are about 200 alluvial mines being worked. The alluvial gold deposits of this regin have been worked from colonial
times.
algunas localidades de las cercanas del ro Guitara encuentra mineral de cobre. Se cree que son muy ricas las formaciones cuprferas de esa zona.
se
En
Mayo
quebrada de La Honda y otros afluentes del ro han lavado corindones y zafiros. Los yacimientos del ro Mayo constituyen una mina de zafiro y sus terrenos Las parecen pertenecer a una formacin diamantfera. rocas tienen las caractersticas de las minas de diamante en
la se
En
The Cristal river, which is one of those that form the Telemb, traverses a very rich gold mining regin.
In some places near the Guitara river, some copper ore found. It is believed that the copper formations of that regin are very rich.
is
Corundum and sapphires have been found in the La Honda quebrada (brook), and other tributarles of the Mayo river, and it seems that the soil there belongs to a
tics of
diamond formation, as the rocks have all the the diamond rocks of South frica.
characteris-
Para la administracin de justicia el departamento forma un Distrito Judicial, el de Pasto, cuya jurisdiccin se extiende a las siete provincias y a la Comisara especial del Putumayo.
Ciudades. Pasto, capital del departamento, con 28,000 habita.ntes, situada al pie del volcn de Pasto o Galera, en una bellsima posicin, con un clima delicioso, regada por abundantes aguas y en el centro de una llanura que se extiende al oriente y al sudoeste. La poblacin es grande, casi toda de teja, con calles rectas y bien empedradas. Tiene trece templos y cinco conventos de frailes y monjas suprimidos, y dos recientemente establecidos, el de los capuchinos y el de San Felipe de Neri un excelente seminario, tres colegios para varones y tres para seoritas, sostenidos con fondos propios tres escuelas para nios y tres para nias, fuera de otros muchos establecimientos de educacin de particulares. Cuenta adems con magnficos edificios para los colegios, un hospital, orfelinato y cinco imprentas. El Municipio posee cuatro edificios adecuados para el servicio pblico, y la instruccin pblica y el hospital son dueos de cuantiosos capitales, legados por varios hijos de la poblacin. La curtidura, la zapatera, la ebanistera, la agricultura, la ganadera, la industria textil, la
;
Political Divisions. Politically, the department is diBarbacoas, whose vided into seven provinces namely capital is Barbacoas; La Unin, capital La Unin; La Cruz, capital La Cruz; Tumaco, capital Tumaco; Ipiales, capital Ipiales; Pasto, capital Pasto; and Tquerres, capiThese provinces comprise forty-seven mutal Tquerres. uicipalities and many villages and towns.
; :
For the administration of justice, the department forms the judiciary district of Pasto, whose jurisdiction covers the seven provinces and the Comisara of Putumayo.
CiTiES. Pasto, capital of the department, with a population of 28,000 inhabitants, is situated at the foot of tlie Pasto, or Galera, volcano, in a most beautiful locality, watered by a great many streams and in the center of a plain running from east to southeast. It has a delightful climate. The town is large its streets are straight and well
;
paved with cobble-stones. It has thirteen churches; five convents for monks and nuns, now suppressed, and two recently established that of the Capuchins and that of San Felipe de Neri; an excellent seminary; three selfsupporting coUeges for men and three for women; three schools for boys and three for girls, besides a large number of prvate edueational institutions. There are magnificent college buildings, a hospital, an orphan asylum, and five
printeries. The city owns four buildings for its public service, and the hospital and the schools own large capitals
512
la costa
por la va que la une; por el puerto fluvial de Barbacoas, con la Repblica del Ecuador con el vecino Departamento del Cauca y con la regin del Amazonas. La ciudad est alumbrada con luz elctrica, es Sede episcopal, y fu capital de la antigua provincia de Pasto. Alrededor de la poblacin existen veintiuna aldeas de indios, dotada, cada una con su respectiva iglesia. En la laguna de La Cocha, distante tres leguas de Pasto, se encuentra La Carota, pequea isla sobre la que se ha levantado un bonito templo. Esta gran laguna, mar interandino en el silencio de las grandes alturas, enmarcada por cerros parmosos y tupida vegetacin, est situada en una alta comba de la mesa de Pasto, en la frtil comarca del pueblo indgena de La Laguna, a 2,820 meti'os sobre el nivel del mar y con una extensin longitudinal de cinco leguas por cuatro de ancho. Dista 20 kilmetros de la ciudad de Pasto. Sus aguas verdes y dormidas, no conturbadas ni por el levsimo ruido del vuelo de un pjaro, tienen simas hasta de setenta metros de profundidad, en la base del pramo del Bordoncillo, origen del ro Putumayo. Una de sus particularidades es la carencia absoluta de peces.
Barbacoas, en la confluencia del ro Guag con el Telemb, que desemboca a corta distancia en el Pata, navegables por buques de vapor hasta el Pacfico. Hace un activo comercio con Tumaco y con los pueblos de Panam, Explota muy ricas minas de oro, el Ecuador y el Per. y se halla ligada por muy buenos caminos con Pasto, Tquerres e Ipiales. Tiene una regular casa Municipal y una crcel. Posea hermosos y bien construidos editicios, que fueron destruidos por el incendio de enero de 1902. Es sin duda uno de los ms ricos municipios, pues sus rentas exceden en mucho de 6,000 pesos mensuales en plata. Las alhajas de la iglesia parroquial estn avaluadas en medio milln de pesos oro.
Tquerres, con 16,000 habitantes, es ciudad gTande, pajiza y mal construida, con clima muy fro, pero rodeada de llanuras bellsimas y de feracidad extraordinaria, por lo cual sus principales industrias son la agrcola y la pecuaria. No lejos de la ciudad se encuentra el volcn del Azufral, cuya cima tiene grandes depsitos de azufre exhala un olor fuerte que se percibe a grandes distancias. Tiene tres templos, un convento de capuchinos y otro de Hermanas Terciarias, que sostienen un colegio con ms de
;
donated by several natives. Tanning, shoe-making, carpentry, agriculture, cattle raising, the textile industry, the preparation of flour, and lumbering are very much developed. The inhabitants are hardy, hospitable, and very industrious. They make woolen fabrics, a great variety of curious utensils from varnished wood, and carry on an active conunerce with the eoast by means of the roads that communicate with the republic of Ecuador, the neighboring department of Cauca, and the Amazon regin. The city is an episcopal see. It has electric light. It was the capital of the od province of Pasto. Around it there are twenty-one Judian settlements, each of which has a church. In the La Cocha lagoon, three leagues from Pasto, is found La Corota, a small island, on which there is a beautiful church. This large lagoon, which is like an inland sea in the midst of the Andine ranges, surrounded by frozen peaks and luxuriant vegetation, is situated on a depression of the Pasto platean, in the fertile regin of the Judian settlement La Laguna, 2,820 meters above sea-level, and has a surface of 5 by 4 leagues. Jt is 20 kilometers from the city of Pasto. Jts green and tranquil waters, not disturbed even by the passage of birds, have depths of as much as 70 meters on the base of the Bordoncillo paramo, where the Putumayo rises. One of its peculiarities is the absolute absence of fishes.
Barbacoas lies at the confluence of the Guag and Telemb rivers, the latter of which empties into the Pata, a shoft distance below, and both of which are navigable by steamboats as far as the Pacific. The city has an active commerce with Tumaco, and with Panam, Ecuador, and Per. Jt works very rich gold mines, and is connected by very good roads with Pasto, Tquerres and Jpiales. Jt has a municipal building and a jail. Jt had beautiful and well constructed buildings, which were destroyed by fire in 1902. Jt is no doubt one of the richest municipalities, as its revenues are far above 6,000 pesos, silver eurrency, per month. The jewelry in the parish church is valued at
half a million dollars.
500 alumnas. Cuenta adems con otro colegio para seoritas, dos para varones, escuelas pblicas de ambos sexos y una gran tenera. Sostiene activo comercio con el puerto fluvial de Barbacoas, adonde enva toda clase de vveres en
gran cantidad.
Ipiales, con 15,000 habitantes, situada en la frontera de Colombia con el Ecuador, con el cual mantiene activo comercio
Population, 16,000 inhabitants. Tquerres. large poorly built, its houses being thatch-roofed. Jts climate is very cold. The city is surrounded by beautiful and most fertile plains, and for this reason its principal industries are agriculture and cattle raising. Not far from it is the Azufral volcano, on whose summit there are large deposits of sulphur it gives out a strong odor, which is perceived a long distance off. The city has three churches, a Capuchin convent, and one of the Tertiary Sisters, who support a college attended by more than 500 There are .besides another college for young ladies, girls. two for young men, public schools for both sexes, and a tannery. Jt carries on active commerce with the fluvial port of Barbacoas, to which it sends foodstufEs of all kinds
city,
;
r.
in large quantities.
Ipiales. Population, 15,000 inhabitants; situated on the Jts commerce frontier between Colombia and Ecuador. with the latter country is very active. The town has a national custom house, four churches and a chapel, and not far from it the La Laja Shrine is located. There are coUeges for young men and women, several schools, a printery, a good jail, and a municipal building.
Tiene cuatro es asiento de una aduana nacional. templos y una capilla, y a corta distancia de la ciudad se Hay colegios para encuentra el santuario de La Laja.
varones y seoritas, varias escuelas, imprenta, buena crcel y casa municipal. Tumaco, importante ciudad, situada en una isla del Ocano Pacfico cercana a la costa. Es un puerto muy comercial, adonde arriban casi todos los vapores que cruzan aquellas costas. Tiene una iglesia y escuelas para nios de ambos sexos, con sus correspondientes edificios. Entre
merecen citarse el de la capitana del puerto, el de aduana y la casa de gobierno. Tiene adems imprenta. Sus principales artculos de exportacin son el caucho y la tagua o marfil vegetal. Sufri bastante, como Barbacoas,
estos
la
con las inundaciones del mar, ocasionadas por de principios del ao de 1906.
los terremotos
important city on an island of the Pacific Jt is a very busy port, where nearly It has a church, all steamers pl.ying along that coast stop. and school buildings for both sexes. Among its other buildings, the office of the port captain, the custom house, and the municipal house deserve special attention. Jt has also Jts principal export articles are rubber and a printerJ^ ivory nuts. Like Barbacoas, it suifered a great deal from the sea floods caused by the 1906 earthquake.
Tumaco.
An
513
PASTO
de Pasto, capital del Departamento de Naen el centro del hermoso valle de Atriz, el cual mide dos mirimetros de longitud por uno de latitud, al pie del volcn Galeras y rodeada de cuatro ros que le tributan sus aguas y le dan las condiciones higinicorta distancia de la ciudad existen cas de que disfruta. cuatro fuentes termales de propiedades medicinales, que son aprovechadas convenientemente. Est a 2,534 metros sobre el nivel del mar, con una temperatura media de catorce grados, termmetro centgrado, y dista 75 mirimetros de Bogot, 30 del Ocano Pacfico y 12 del ro Carchi, en la frontera con la Repblica del Ecuador. Fu fundada el 17 de julio de 1539 por don Lorenzo de Aldana, Gobernador de Quito y Popayn. Est formada de 64 manzanas, que las componen las carreras longitudinales llamadas Zigzag, Neiva, Buenaventura, Santander, Azuero, Panam, Popayn, Vlez, Tundama y Casanare; y las trasversales: Veraguas, Monps, Ocaa, Antioquia, Soto, Bogot, Tunja, Cauca, Cartagena,
rio, se halla situada
La ciudad
city of Pasto, capital of the Department of Nario, situated in the center of the beautiful Atriz valley, which covers 20 kilometers in length by 10 in width, at the foot of the Galeras volcano, and surrounded by four large rivers, which make its sanitary conditions excellent. short distanee from the city there are four thermal springs, which have very good medicinal properties. The city is 2,534 meters above sea-level, it has an average temperature of 14 C, and is at a distanee of 750 kilometers from Bogot, 300 from the Pacific ocean, and 120 from the Carchi river, on the Eeuadorian frontirr:. It was founded on July 17, 1539, by Don Lorenzo de Aldana, governor of
The
is
Sus calles Barbacoas, Tquerres, Mariquita y Chiriqu. son rectas, empedradas, de 6 metros de ancho por 80 de longitud, y por la mayor parte de ellas corren acequias de agua abundante, que contribuyen a la limpieza de la poblacin.
Tiene tres grandes plazas llamadas La Constitucin, Santiago y La Independencia, y seis plazuelas: Santo Domingo, San Francisco, San Andrs, San Felipe, San Agustn y La Merced, que toman sus nombres de los templos Las casas son en lo general de dos a los cuales sirven. pisos, algunas de tres y todas ellas de slida construccin. Tiene quince templos, sin contar la soberbia baslica que se construye en San Francisco, dedicada al Sagrado Corazn de Jess. Entre los primeros sobresalen el suntuoso templo de Jess del Ro y el de Santiago, al servicio de las comunidades de Pilipenses y Capuchinos, respectivamente. El servicio de aguas es abundante y se hace con toda escrupulosidad; en cada cuadra hay una pila que provee
a los vecinos de ella. Dos hermosos parques adornan la ciudad; se halla en construccin otro, en la plazuela de Santiago. El Ejido de la ciudad es el ms concurrido paseo pblico, y a l acuden los coches y automviles que prestan servicio a sus habitantes. Entre los principales edificios de la ciudad descuella el hermoso Seminario, de slida y elegante construccin y capaz para el servicio a que se le ha destinado. El Palacio de Gobierno, de reciente construccin, situado en el ngulo oriental de la plaza de la Constitucin, es uno de los ms suntuosos edificios de la ciudad. Actualmente se construye una plaza de mercado, mediante la adopcin de un plano elegante. La ciudad cuenta con un bien servido hospital, al cuidado de hermanas de La Caridad, en el cual se asisten' mensualmente 120 enfermos, como promedio. Existen dos mataderos pblicos que se alternan en los das de la semana. Entre los establecimientos industriales figuran: el molino de cilindro, que cuenta con buena maquinaria para carpintera, el de la Curia, el del Sr. Juan Reyes y los de los B. Navarrete, Jos C. Jurado y Zarama SanSres. tander. Hay una inmensa cantidad de pequeas fbricas de cigarrillos en donde se ocupan las mujeres pobres de la ciudad; los Sres. Manuel Figuero y Paredes Hnos. han extendido la elaboracin en mayor grado. La casa Delfn Martnez tiene una seccin de tejido de sombreros d paja toquilla y otra de la misma clase, con taller de compostura, ha establecido el Sr. Jos Novel, representante de los Sres.
;
The city consists of 64 blocks (squares), marked out by the foUowing longitudinal avenues {carreras) Zigzag, Neiva, Buenaventura, Santander, Azuero, Panam, Popayn, Vlez, Tundama, and Casanare; and the foUowing transversal avenues Veraguas, Momps, Ocaa, Antioquia, Soto, Bogot, Tunja, Cauca, Cartagena, Barbacoas, Tquerres, Mariquita, and Chiriqu. Its streets are straight, paved with cobble-stones, have a width of 6 meters and length of 80 meters, and through nearly all of them there are open ditehes with running water, which greatly contribute to the eleanliness of the city. It has three large plazas, called respectively La Constitucin, Santiago, and La Independencia, and six plazuelas (small squares) Santo Domingo, San Francisco, San Andrs, San Felipe, San Agustn, and La Merced ^named after the churches located on them. The houses have for the most part two stories, some of them three, and all are of substantial construction. There are fifteen churches, without counting the magnificent one in process of construction, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jess. Among the other churches, the principal ones are Jess del Ro and Santiago, belonging respectively to the Philippian and Capuchin Fathers. The water supply is plentiful and scrupulously kept. There is on every block a fountain that provides all the neighborhood. The city is embellished by two handsome parks, another one being in process of construction in the Santiago pla:
:
zuela.
The Ejido promenade is the most frequented in the city, and on it there are a large number of earriages and automobiles for the use of the public.
Ca.
Among the principal buildings of the city, the foUowing deserve special mention a handsome seminary, of elegant and solid construction, and ampie capacity for the service for which it is intended; and the palace of government, recently construeted on the eastern crner of the Plaza de la Constitucin, and one of the most gorgeous buildings in the city. At present a market square elegantly desigued The city has a well served is in process of construction. hospital, under the direction of the Sisters of Charity, in which about 120 patients are cared for every month. There are two public slaughter houses, which altrnate with eaeh other in their work throughout the week. Among the industrial establishments, there is a cylinder mili, pi'ovided with good machinery for carpentry work, and the works of La Curia, Mr. Juan Reyes and Messrs. E. Navarrete, Jos C. Jurado, and Zarama & Santander. There are a great many small cigarette factories, where the poor women of the city are emploj^ed. Messrs. Manuel Figuero and Paredes Brothers have established works on a larger The firm of Delfn Martnez has a straw-hat faeseale. tory, and Mr. Jos Noval, representativo of Messrs. Ramn Lpez & Company, has one for the manufacture and repair of hats.
:
514
NORTE DE SANTANDER
LMITES. Por el norte, con la Repblica de Venezuela; por el este con la misma Repblica y el Departamento de Boyac; por el sur, con el Departamento de Santander; y por el occidente, con este mismo Departamento y el del Magdalena. Extensin. Ocupa una extensin de 20,000 kilmetros cuadrados, Relieve. Como el de su vecino del sur, el territorio del Departamento Norte de Santander es sumamente fragoso, y se halla formado por mltiples y complicadas ramificaciones de la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes, que al entrar a l se bifurca en dos grandes ramales, que siguen, el de la izquierda, al norte separndolo del Departmento del Magdalena, y el de la derecha, al nordeste, para internarse en Venezuela. Las principales eminencias de estos ramales son las de Tama, Tierranegra, Zumbador y Santurbn, al sur; y las de CaxAiri, Bagueche
Guerrero, al occidente. Hacia el norte, en direccin a la cuenca del lago de Maracaibo, se encuentran los valles bajos formados por el ro Catatumbo y sus afluentes el Tan-a, el Sardinata, el Zulia y el Tchira, los cuales reunidos desembocan en el citado lago. Al este se dirigen los ros Nula y Sarare,
el censo de 1912, 204,381 habitantes, pertenecientes a la raza blanca. Divisiones. Est dividido el Departamento en cuatro Provincias, que son: Ccuta, Pamplona, Ocaa, Ricaurte. la primera pertenecen las poblaciones de Arboledas, Gramalote, Rosario, Salazar, San Cayetano, Ccuta, Santiago y Sardinata; a la segunda las da Pamplona,
BouNDARiES. On the north, the republic of Venezuela; on the east, the same republic and the Department of Boyac; on the south, the Department ot Santander; and on the west, the same department and that of Magadalena. rea. The rea of the department is 20,000 square kilometers. Natural Features. Like the neighboring Department of Santander del Sur, the territory of Norte de Santander is very mountainous. It is traversed by numerous branches of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes, which, on entering the department, divides into two branches: the left-hand one, running north and separating the department from that of Magdalena; and the right-hand one, running northeast, and entering Venezuela. The principal peaks of these mountains are Tama, Tierranegra, Zumbador, and Santurbn in the south, and Cachiri, Bagueche and Guerrero in the west. Towards the north, near the watershed of Maracaibo lake, are found low vaUeys formed by the Catatumbo river and its tributarles, the Tarra, Sardinata, Zulla, and Tchira, which, combined, empty into that lake. In the east are found the Nula and Sarare rivers, which are tributaries of the Apure. Population. According to the 1912 census, the population of the department is 204,381 inhabitants, aU white. Political Divisions. The department is divided into four provinces Ccuta, Pamplona, Ocaa and Ricaurte. To the first of these provinces belong the towns of Arboledas, Gramalote, Rosario, Salazar, San Cayetano, Ccuta, Santiago and Sardinata; to the second, the
Columna de Bolvar
Bochalema, Concordia, Crdoba, Chincota y Herrn; a la tercera las de Aspasica, Carmen, Convencin, Cchira, La Cruz, La Palma, Ocaa, San Calixto, San Pedro y Teorama; a la cuarta las de Coota Cucutilla, Chitag, Labateca, Mutiscua, Pamplonita, Silos y Toledo. Industria y Comercio. Las principales industrias de este Departamento son muy anlogas a las de su vecino del sur, del cual se segreg. El comercio es muy activo con la limtrofe Repblica de Venezuela. Cultiva en grande escala el caf, cuya exportacin constituye una de las principales fuentes de riqueza. El comercio de Ccuta con el extranjero sufre actualmente el costoso recargo de los muchos trasbordos que tiene del ferrocarril de Puerto Villamizar a las canoas que navegan el ro Zulia; de esas canoas al ferrocarril de Venezuela; de ese ferrocarril a los pequeos buques que navegan en el lago de Maracaibo; de esos buques a los pequeos barcos de mar que hacen trasbordo a los grandes trasatlnticos en Curazao, en Puerto Cabello y en la Gua'a. Esos mismos costosos trasbordos los sufre el comercio venezolano en el exterior, de los Estados del Tchira fronterizos del Departamento. Al abrirse las Bocas de Ceniza y canalizarse un poco mejor el Bajo Magdalena hasta su confluencia con el Cauca, que es trayecto utilizable para la navegacin de los buques de mar, esos buques tomaran la carga de la propia estacin del ferrocarril sin gasto alguno de trasbordo, lo que reducira muy notablemente el precio de trasporte que hoy paga ese comercio hasta el exterior. Al adoptar en Colombia una poltica fiscal libre de impuestos distintos del pago del servicio de transporte, el trfico del comercio venezolano, por ley natural econmica, se hara por las vas colombianas. En las aos de 1896 y 1897, en que
Bolvar
Column
towns of Bochalema, Concordia, Crdoba, Chincota, and Herrn; to the thrd, those of Aspasica, Carmen, Convencin, Cchira, La Cruz, La Palma, Ocaa, San Calixto, San Pedro, and Teorama; to the fourth, those of Ccota, Cucutilla, Chitag, Labateca, Mutiscua, Pamplona,
and Toledo. Industrt and Commerce. The principal industries of this department are very similar to those of its southern neighbor, from which it is separated. It carries on very extensive commerce with the neighboring repubUc of Venezuela. Coffee is cultivated on a very large scale, and
Silos,
exportation is one of the principal sources of the wealth of the department. The foreign trade of Ccuta is at present handicapped on account of the many transshipments, from the train at Puerto Villamizar to the canoes running on the Zua river; from those canoes to the Venezuela railroad; then to the smaU steamboats of Maracaibo lake; then to the small lighters that carry the freight to the large transatlantic steamers at Curasao, Puerto Cabello, and La Guaira The same deulties in transportation are encountered by the foreign commerce of the Venezuelan states of Tchira bordering on the department. If the Bocas de Ceniza (mouth of the Magdalena) were opened, and the lower Magdalena were better canalized down to its junction with the Cauca, forming a section navigable by ocean steamers, those steamers would take cargo directly from the railroad without any additional expense for transshipment, and this would reduce very materially the rates that the foreign commerce of the department must pay. If Colombia adopted a fiscal poHcy involving no other imposts than those necessarj' for the service of transportation, the Venezuelan
its
515
commerce would, by a natural economic law, be made by Colombian In 1396 and 1897, when Venezuelan traRc moved over the Ccuta raway, the amount of cargo transported was 64,000 tons, which,
Besides in a distance of 71 kilometers, brought in 900,000 doUars. the freight rates on the Ccuta raroad to Villamizar, and from the latter place to La Urac, the first station of the Venezuelan railroad, the commerce of Norte de Santander has had to pay a duty to Venezuela of $1.10 for every 125 kograms of coffee exported, and freight rates to the valu of $3.20 for the same weight from La Urac to Maracaibo. With the Bocas de Ceniza opened, the cost of transportation from the raroad station on the Magdalena river to foreign countries must be a great deal less than what it is at present from the port of Maracaibo The cost of a raroad from Ccuta to American and European ports. to the Magdalena will not exceed $6,000,000. The foUowing articles go through Ccuta as a center: cacao, from Rosario and Tchira; coffee, from the districts of Chincota, Bochalema, Crdoba, Arboledas, Cucutilla, Salazar and Tchira; the producs of Pamplona; sisal, coming from Cucutla and Curit for the packing of coffee; raw sugar from Santander del Sur; woolen fabrics, blankets, hats, sugar, tobceo and hides from Santander, Boyac and Cundinamaroa; and cattle from Sogamoso, Casanare, Corozal and Arauca. There is in Ccuta a national custom house, which in 1915 produced $207,214.08. Means of Transportation. San Jos de Ccuta, caUed "the Pearl of the North" on account of its being one of the most important
VAS DE Comunicacin. San Jos de Ccuta, llamada Perla del Norte, por ser emporio de uno de los comercios ms valiosos de la repblica, tiene por principal va de comunicacin con el exterior el
En
el medalln, JuKo Lzaro Ingeniero Constructor In the frame, Julio Lzaro, Architectural Engineer
,
Zulia, navegable por bongos y lanchas de vapor, desde Puerto ViUamizar hasta Encontrados, puerto cercano a la confluencia del Zulia y el Catatumbo; de ah a Maracaibo por los vapores del lago y piraguas; de Ccuta a Puerto ViUamizar por la va frrea que construy y explota la Compaa del ferrocarrU de Ccuta, abierta al servicio del pblico en julio de 1888, hnea que mide 543^ kmetros. Esta Compaa prolonga diez y seis kilmetros y doscientos metros su va por el sudeste, pasando por el Municipio de El Rosario, hasta la orUla occidental del ro Tchira, lmite con Venezuela, frente a la poblacin de San Antonio, que est en territorio venezolano; este ramal se denomina Ferrocarril de la Frontera. El capital de la Compaa del Ferrocarril de Ccuta est fijado en $1,800,000 oro, representados por 18,000 ttulos nominales, de los cuales 6,000 pertenecen al Concejo Municipal. El valor asignado al ferrocarril y sus anexidades es de $2,551,873. La Gran Carretera Central del Norte, actualmente en construccin, comunicar dentro de no muy lejano trmino al Norte de Santander con los Departamentos de Boyac y Cundinamarca. La ms importante va de comunicacin que tendr el Departamento ser el ferrocarril de Tamalaraeque, lnea que partiendo de Puerto ViUamizar, extremidad norte del ferrocarril de Ccuta, pasa por la depresin al sur del cerro de Bobal y termina sobre el ro Magdalena en Tamalameque, puerto cerca de la confluencia del ro Cesar, en la bifurcacin de los vaUes del bajo Magdalena y de Upar, arriba de El Banco
commercial centers in the republic, has as its principal means of communication with foreign countries the Zulia river, which is navigable by large boats and steam launches from Puerto Vlamizar down to Encontrados, a port near the junction of the Zuha and Catatumbo rivers; from there to Maracaibo, by the steamers and boats of the same lake. Another way is the railroad from Ccuta to Puerto ViUamizar, constructed and operated by the Ccuta Railroad Company, and opened to the pubUc in July, 1888. This raroad measures 52.5 Kilometers, and the company is at present buding a 16-kometer Extensin towards the southeast, going through the municipality of El Rosario, as far as the western bank of the Tchira river, which forms the boundary with Venezuela, opposite the town of San Antonio, belonging to the latter country. This branch is caUed FerrocarrU de The capital of the company is la Frontera (Frontier Raroad). estimated at 1,000,000 doUars, represented by 18,000 nominal shares, The raroad and its of which 6000 belong to the municipal councU. extensions are valued at $2,551,873. The Grand Central Northern Wagn Road, at present in procesa of construction, will before long connect Norte de Santander with the Departments of Boyac and Cundinamarca. The most important road that the department is to have will be the Tamalameque Railroad, which wUl start from Puerto ViUamizar, northern terminal of the Ccuta Raroad, wl pass through the depression south of Bobal peak, and end at Tamalameque, on the Magdalena river, near the
516
mouth ot
4%
Magdalena and Upar, above El Banco, and 394 kilometers from Santa Marta. The importanoe of this way of transportation between Ccuta and the Magdalena river is "beyond dispute. It is a pressing need for the commerce of the repubhc, since it wOl be the means of rapid communication between the interior of the country and the Venezuelan frontier. It wiU develop interchange of products with the rich regin of Norte de Santander, and wl give to the latter free acoess to the sea, which wl greatly enhance the commerce of the department. The government has been authorized to undertake the constructon and equipment of the raroad, whether directly or by contract. In either case it is to raise by a loan the necessary funds, to guarantee which it has at its disposal 30 per cent, of the gross revenues of the Ccuta custom house, besides 4 per cent, of the Atlantic custom houses, The railroad transas well as the projected raroad and its returns. portation rates in Colombia are on an average $0.10 per ton-kilometer, According to the statistical data of the Ccuta custom house, the
semestral movement of merchandise going through it is about 14,000,000 kilograms, including coffee, salt, hides, foodstuffs, and timber. This gives 14,000 tons, which at SO.IO per ton-kilometer in a distance of 300 kilometers, or the length of the proposed road, amounts to $420,000 per semester. Adding to this the Ocaa traffic, which, according to statistical data, amounts to more than 7500 tons per year, the traffic from the coast, consisting of cattle, salt, etc., and the trans-
300 kilmetros que tendr el ferrocarril en proyecto, dan $420,000 oro por semestre; agregando a esto el movimiento de Ocafia, que, segn datos estadsticos, da un trfico de ms de 7500 toneladas por ao, el movimiento procedente de la Costa con la introduccin de ganados, sal, etc., y el transporte de pasajeros en toda la lnea, se puede suponer el producto de la empresa de $160,000 oro, lo que da un total de $1,000,000 oro.
en
Calle del
Mercado
Market
Street
sean 125 kilogramos, de de $0.10 por toneladaCcuta a kilmetro, $3.75, y hasta Puerto Colombia no costara ms de $5; por la va de Maracaibo cuesta actualmente $14 hasta tomar los trasatlnticos, despus de sufrir grandes demoras por causa de las malas condiciones de navegacin del Zulia y por los repetidos trasbordos, aparte de los peligros y maltratos. Colombia economizara no menos de $500,000 oro por ao, que es aproximadamente el tributo que paga a las aduanas de Venezuela. Actualmente se construye una carretera que comunicar la ciudad de Ocaa con el ro Magdalena, sobre el puerto de Gamarra. El camino del Sarare por la hoya del ro Morgua o Chitag, pondr en comunicacin a Pamplona con la ciudad de Arauca en 6 das. Del ro Sarare al ro Arauca se pasa por la Laguna o Desparramadero y luego ste ltimo es navegable por vapor en todo tiempo desde la ciudad de Arauca hasta el Orinoco, de modo que entonces se podra ir de Pamplona a Ciudad Bolvar en 9 das. Existen en la regin del Sarare Los productos al rededor de 4000 indgenas, de fcil catequizacin. naturales son: tagua, petrleo, caucho, azufre, hierro, carbn de piedra, talco, sal, otova, canime, carafia, cera blanca y negra. Solare el ro Pamplonita se instal hace poco tiempo el puente Santander, obra con la cual se unieron los ricos Municipios de Chinoota y Bochalema y se acort en una y media leguas! la distancia entre Ccuta y Pamplona, que es hoy de 55 kilmetros enjtrayecto cultivado de pastos, caa de azcar, cacao, maz, pltanos, etc.
El transporte de
portation of passengers by the road, it may be estimated that the total returns of the enterprise wl amount to 1,000,000 dollars. The transportation of a 10-arroba load, or 125 kograms, from Ccuta to Tamalameque would cost, at the rate of $0.10 per ton-kometer, $3.75, and to Puerto Colombia it would not cost more than By the way of Maracaibo it costs at present $14.00 as far $5.00. as the transatlantic steamers, and undergoes a great manyidelays on account of the poor navigation oonditions of the Zuha river, besides the many transshipments, to say nothing of dangers and damages. Colombia would save at least 500,000 dollars per year, which is approximately what it pays'to the Venezuelan custom house. At present there is in process of constructon a wagn road to connect the city of Ocaa with the Magdalena river at the port of
Gamarra.
The Sarare road, going down the watershed of the Morgua, or Chitag, will connect Pamplona with the city of Arauca, the journey requiring sLx days from the Sarare river to the Arauca. The transportation is accomphshed through the Laguna or Desparramadero river, and then the latter is navigable by steamboats at all times from the city of Arauca, down to the Orinoco, so that in that case it coid be possible to go from Pamplona to Ciudad Bolvar in nine days. In the Sarare regin there are some 4000 Indians, which can be easUy The natural products are: ivory nuts, oil, rubber, sulphur, civized. iron, coal, talcum, salt, nutmeg, wax, and severa! resins and vegetable oUs. A short time age the Santander bridge was but across the 517
muy
malas con-
Pamplona
the
river,
Riqueza en los Municipios. El nmero de fincas urbanas de los Municipios del Departamento asciende a 29,217, cuyo valor total, segn avalos practicados por las Inspecciones Provinciales de Catastro, es de $21,115,805 oro. Riquezas Tebritorcales. El Departamento Norte de Santander es muy rico en minerales. AU ha reunido la naturaleza, dice el notable hombre de ciencia doctor Santiago Corts, los tesoros del Potos y la fama de "El Dorado," en cuya busca anduvieron desatinados los conquistadores espaoles. All los grandes metales de la industria;
cobre; y el carbn, la antracita y el petrleo, prncipes del progreso. En aquella tierra afloran ricos filones de metales nobles: helchos de oro sobre masas de cuarzo, plomo argentfero y otros minerales de plata; grandes y apretadas lminas de biotita transparente con granates, ora verdes, ora color de vino tinto. Gran variedad de minerales de hierro cromado, esptico, hematitas, oligistos e imanes; azuritas y malaquitas que dan el cobre, rey de las industrias
el hierro
el
:
and Bochalema, and shortening by IJ^ leagues the distance between Ccuta and Pamplona, which is today 55 kilometers,
of Chincota
intervening country being planted with pastures, sugar-cane, cacao, corn, bananas, etc. The other roads of the department are in very bad condition. Wealth op the Municipalities. The number of urban estates in the municipalities of the department amounts to 29,217, the valu of which, according to the figures of provincial inspectors, is 21,115,805
dollars.
Mineral Products. The department of Norte de Santander is very rich in mineral products. There, according to the prominent scientist Dr. Santiago Corts, nature has combined the treasures of Potos and El Dorado, which the Spanish conquerors sought so eagerly. The great industrial metis and other mineral products, such as iron, copper, coal and oU, are found there in great abundance. There are outcrops of rich veins of precious metis, such as gold,
argentiferous lead
and other
silver ores;
and
large,
parent biotite sheets, sometimes green, sonaetimes wine color. There are a great variety of iron ores, such as chromite,
spathic iron, hematite, oligist,
netic
and mag-
iron; copper-producing azurite malachite; limestones of yarious kinds, from marble to loam, for the manufacture of cement and hydraulic lime; good sand for glass; all kinds of clay, such as kaoln and feldspars, for the
and
fine china, asbestos; and uranium whence are extracted radium, thorium, hehum and other rare metis of modern chemistry. The asbestos of Pamplona is found
manufacture of porcelain,
fireproof
brick, ores,
etc.;
Asilo Andressen
elctricas; piedras de cal para cuanto necesita la vida civilizada de hoy, desde mrmoles, calcitas, lumaquelas, etc., hasta las margas de los modernos hori-
zontes geolgicos, para la fabricacin de los cementos y cales hidruUoas; arenas para el vidrio; todas las arcillas: kaoln y feldespatos para las artes cermicas: porcelana, loza fina, ladrillos refractarios, cacharros y objetos de tejarea; amianto y minerales de uranio, de donde proceden el radio, el torio, el helio y otros metales
raros de la qumica moderna, etc.
El amianto de Pamplona yace entre lechos de serpentina y olivino, sobre rocas granticas y dioritas. El granito de algunos sitios es algo rojizo, compuesto de cuarzo y feldespato con huellas de otros silicatos ferrornagnesianos; su estructura, aunque de ordinario granular, suele pasar a pegmatita. El amianto que forma la capa blanca de las locomotoras y muchos de sus detalles interiores, es como el producto final de granito peridtico. Las areniscas zirconferas de los sedimentos secundarios que reposan sobre esquistos granticos suelen contener tambin ilmenita, cuarzos y estaurohtas, pero carecen de magnetita. Las minas de oro de Vetas y La Baja se componen de gruesos filones con vnulas en rosario, entrecruzadas en el cuarzo, respaldadas con cuarcita y dioritas. Adems del oro nativo en pepitas y herborizaciones, hay brillantes cristales de pirita y de hierro areo y calcopirita. Abundan aU sulfoantimoniuro de hierro y de zinc, polibasita o arseniosuhuro de oro; adems, blenda, galena, plata nativa en hilos y cobre nativo. Pepitas de oro suelen encontrarse de varios centenares de gramos de peso en aquella regin privilegiada. Las minas de carbn o cannel coal de Mutiscua y del pramo de Tame contienen un mineral de primer orden. Se hallan filones de grafito en los esquistos primitivos o proterozoicos, y yacimientos abundantsimos de petrleo en las Llanuras del Catatumbo. Aguas abundantes, bosques, cales, carbones y magnficos climas,
Hospital de Caridad
between layers of serpentine and oUvia, on granite and diorite rocks. The granite of some locahties is somewhat reddish, composed of quartz and feldsoars with traces of other sicates of iron and magnesium; their
structure, although regularly granular, is at times somewhat pegmatic. The asbestos that forms the white lining of looomotives and many of its inside accessories is the final product of peridotitic granite. The zirconiferous sandstones of the secondary sediments lying on granite schists often contain Umenite, quartz, and staurohte, but
not magnetite. The Vetas and La Baja gold mines consist of heavy lodes and small veins running through the quartz rock and resting on quartzite and Besides native gold in nuggets and .foliations, diorite formations.
there are glittering crystals of pyrites and gold-bearing iron, and o There are in abundance iron and zinc sulpho-antichalcopyrite. monide, gold arsenio-sulphide, and blend, galena, native silver in In that privileged regin nuggets filamente, and native copper. are sometimes found weighing severa! hundred grams. The coal mines of Mutiscua and of the Tame paramo contain coal
518
^^^^^W
^li4|
HlSVr^'''
^^^^'-"*^
,.;^
fCJtf'-'
..^
Asilo Andressen
estn invitando a los gobiernos de accin para fundar all entre otsra grandes industrias, los altos hornos y los convertidoros de acero Bssemer, que han de impulsar los caminos de hierro, la paz, la riqueza
Andressen Asylum
In the primary schists there are graphite veins; of superior quality. and in the plains of the Catatumbo there are rich oil deposits. Abundant water, forests, limes, coal, exceUent cUmates everything invites enterprising governments to establish there, among other industrial works, blast furnaces and Bssemer steel convertors to give impulse to the railroads and promote the peace, wealth and prosperity of Colombia. RivERS. The principal river in the department is the Catatumbo, which rises near Ocaa, and traverses a watershed of 28,750 square kilometers, of which 14,000 belong to Colombia, and the rest to Venezuela. It has an average width of 250 meters, and is navigable by steam launches from Puerto Villamizar down to the Venezuelan port of Encontrados. It has as its tributarles the Sardinata, the
la
prosperidad de Colombia.
Ros. El principal ro del Departamento es el Catatumbo, que nace en las cercanas de Ocaa y atraviesa una hoya de 28,750 kilmetros cuadrados, de los cuales pertenecen 14,000 a Colombia y la otra parte a Venezuela; tiene unos 250 metros de anchura, por trmino medio, y es navegable por lanchas de vapor desde Puerto Villamizar hasta el puerto venezolano de Encontrados. Recibe las aguas de los ros Sardinata, el Tarra y el San Miguel, reunidos, y el Tchira y el Pamplonita, tambin en un solo cauce.
r^
Ccuta
519
Carretera del Norte- -Northern Wagn Road CiUDDES. Las principales son: Ccuta, capital del Departamento, Tarra and San Miguel rivers oombined, and the Tchira and Pamplonita, which also form one stream. y Pamplona, Chincota, Salazar y Ocaa, centros comerciales de mucha _ CiTiBS. The principal cities are: Ccuta, the capital of the notoriedad por su agricultura y desarrollo industrial. department, and Pamplona, Chincota, Salazar and Ocaa, important Rentas Para el perodo fiscal de 1 9 1 7 sean fijado los siguientes ingresos commercial centers, where agriculture and industry have attained Licores, $204,072; Degello, S51,108; Tabaco, $50,000; Bienes great development. Semovientes, $25,800; Cerveza, S6200; Registro y Anotacin, $10,000; Revenues. The revenues for the fiscal year 1917 were as foUows:
.
Auxilios Nacionales
rentas, $375,000.
$27,520.
Total
de las
liquors, $204,072; slaughter houses, $51,108; tobceo, $50,000; real estte, $25,800; beer, $6200; registration and recordmg fees, $10,000;
Instruccin Publica. Reciben instruccin en las escuelas primarias 4.95% de los habitantes. Hasta 1916, el nmero de nios de tales escuelas era de 10,107. En la instruccin no primaria hay 1269 alumnos.
el
national aid and sundry entries, $27,520. This gives a total of $375,000. Public Instbuction. The primary schools are attended by 4.95 per cent, of the inhabitants. In 1916, the number of children attending those schools was 10, 107. There are 1269pupils in other eduoational institutions.
Maquinaria de
la
Carretera
Wagon-Road
Machinery
520
Edificio del
lia
mercado
Market
The
Jos.
Building
city of
Ccuta
is
and
of the Municipality of
San
in
by
hills,
45" de longitud
el
nivel del
average temperature
is
y 56 mirimetros de la capital de la repblica. La ciudad est formada por 14 carreras y 18 caUes perfectamente rectas y de una
amplitud de 18 a 20 metros, embaldosadas y empedradas;
se con-
The
city has
14 avenues
and 18
The sidewalks
are lined with small shrubs, which give to the whole city the appearance
of
an immense boulevard.
un hermoso
edificio
The
city has a
commodious public
un templo
de
caridad
catlico en construccin;
el
culto;
dos
two cemeteries
one
an
exoellent
self-
el
otro universal;
un notable
hospital
un
elegante saln
de
maternidad;
una casa de
los
ahmento
Doa Teresa de
a
office, etc.
y vestuario a un
asilo
St.
Vincent de Paul,
a national-treasury
establishments the
de alienados;
principal
Among
its
factories
and
industrial
following
administracin
la
Cerve-
steam;
water,
a stearic-candle factory;
four soap,
moved by water power and the other by two food-paste, two ice, two sodawork
shops, black-
empresas de moUnos
para granos, dos hidrulicas y una movida por vapor; una fbrica
factories;
hielo,
dos de
smith
a jewelry works,
two
una de
sellos
and a telephone
plant,
sastrera,
mecnica y
dos empresas
country.
521
The
principal
social
institutions
are:
the
Club
del
Comercio;
mayor
del pas.
el
the Club Unin; the Tennis Club, which has just been founded
by the
There
ladies,
el
Club Unin,
el
mutual
help,
Club
two
is
of
them having
their
Noel bajo
los auspicios
de
las distinguidas
damas de
la sociedad.
Hay
own buildings. Worthy of special mention known as Gremios Unidos (United Asso-
la
sociedad de arte-
sanos "Gremios Unidos, " que con admirable espritu pblico ha fundado
sostenido
sin
auxilios
oficiales
de ninguna
which, showing a commendable public spirit, has founded and supported a public school without oEcial assistance of any kind, and attended by 120 young men. There are also in the city two privateowned theatres and more than ten football organizations.
ciations),
naturaleza
y en donde
Dos
teatros
The
de propiedad particular
y ms de
the municipal drive to the San Rafael bridge, and the promenade
Carrera 11
Eleventh Avenue
(paseo) to the
Tiene
la
:
Column
of the Liberator.
that
principales
el
paseo
which
rises a
a la
Colimma
del Libertador.
Cuatro parques:
el
de Santander, en
that of
de
la repblica,
el
bella fuente
en su lugar principal;
de Mercedes brego, en
cual
whom
it is
of Coln,
which
is
shaded
que
le
da
el
nombre, es
by
beautiful
palm
trees.
un bello jardn y el de
;
printeries,
y nueve
particulares,
Among
may
be mentioned
and has
a
of
La
Tarde, a
y "La Tarde,"
522
Tiene
la localidad
There are
in the city
two
cLrcuit
courts,
chamber
of
un
y comunica
a steam tramway which traverses the city and conneots the railroad
going to Puerto Villamizar (55 kilometers) with the frontier railroad
(16 kometers).
el ferrocarril
Hay un
el
The
city has a
good automobile
buen
servicio
of which
will
Costado norte
del
of
Santander Park
523
Mercedes
Central
brego Park
Wagn Road
Bogot y de
Norte.
trial.
la cual
The
It
last
y exportacin.
de 20,590.
Segn
los censos
el
ao de 1912 a 1916
The revenues
los ros
The municipahty
rivers.
Repblica de Venezuela.
of Venezuela.
Es Presidente
el
Duran; Vicepresidente,
seor
doctor
Ricardo
Jordn;
Secretario,
el
Andrs
ngulo
The
vice-president,
Colmenares.
Quina "Cogollo"
524
LUIS PEBRES
Gobernador del Departamento de
CORDERO
Governor of THE Department OP
Norte de Santander
Mr. Luis Febres Cordero is a native of the beautiful capital of the Department of Santander del Norte. He is one of the most prominent men in the department, to the servioe of which he has given all his energy, constantly endeavoring with enviable firmness and perseverance to do good. Ever since the inauguration of President Jos Vicente Concha, Mr. Febres Cordero has been an intelUgent and
upright co-operator with the national administration, seeking to bring about a feeling and attitude of brotherhood among the citizens of his section of the country, as well as the material development of that section.
Norte de Santander
Es una de las personalidades ms notables del departamento, hijo de su hermosa capital; ha puesto al servicio del progreso de su suelo nativo las energas de su carcter firme y tenaz en sus propsitos de hacer el bien. Desde que se inici la actual administracin nacional, presidida por el Exorno. Seor doctor Jos Vicente Concha, el seor Febres Cordero ha sido un colaborador inteligente y recto, que en el orden moral slo ha buscado como objetivo la confraternidad entre los habitantes de la seccin, y en el material, el acrecentamiento y desarrollo de su riqueza pblica.
el actual
Luchando con toda suerte de contrariedades, como las que ha trado duelo mundial, el seor Febres Cordero ha acometido diver-
merecen mencionarse:
el notable adelantamiento e impulso imprimido al Palacio de Gobierno, iniciado en la administracin anterior, que ser en su gnero una de las obras ms
la
construccin
de la Escuela Normal de Institutores del Departamento, que consulta a un tiempo la belleza arquitectnica y la higiene pedaggica; el notorio avance en los trabajos de la carretera central del norte, que enlazar la ciudad de Ccuta con la de Pamplona; el comienzo de los trabajos de la carretera de occidente a los pueblos
ribereos del ro Zulia; la construccin de la carretera de Ocaa a Loma de Corredor, con la cual se pondr aquella ciudad en comunicacin fcil
In the face of obstaeles of all kinds, such as those arising from the present European war, Mr. Febres Cordero has undertaken several public works, among which the foUowing may be mentioned: the great impulse given to the palace of government, begun during the previous administration, a palace which wUl be one of the handsomest of its kind in the country; the building of the Department Normal School for Male Teachers, which combines beauty with sanitary requirements; the speeding up of the construction of the Northern Central Wagn Road, which is to connect the city of Ccuta with that of Pamplona; the beginning of the Western Wagn Road, leading to the frontier towns
of the Zulia river; the construction of the wagn road from Ocaa to Loma
y rpida con
construccin
el
ro
Magdalena;
la
communicate
easily
and rapidly
"Colegio de Jos Ensebio Caro" en Ocaa, en honor de este esclarecido hombre pbhco, oriundo de su suelo; y finalmente, la organizacin de los trabajos de la carretera de Pamplona, impulsndolos con tesn y eficacia, desde las calles de esta importante ciudad hasta
del
la capital.
with the Magdalena river; the building of the Jos Ensebio Caro college in Ocaa, in honor of the worthy public man of the same ame, who was a and, lastly, native of that city; the organization of the work of construction of the Pamplona wagn road, connecting that city with the
capital.
Ha
vechosamente divulgada la instruccin popular en el departamento, que segn las ltimas estadsticas,
asciende al sobre la poblacin general de su territorio. Durante su administracin, se ha decretado el establecimiento de colegios en las poblaciones de Salazar, Gramalote,
5%
Arboledas y Convencin. Sus colaboradores en el gobierno, en la hacienda y en la instruccin pbUca, que lo han sido respectivamente los seores don Luciano Jaramillo M., don Apuleyo Guerrero y don Carlos Luis Jcome, han secundado con criterio inteligente sus labores administrativas, propendiendo cada uno ascertadamente por el mayor auge y perfeccionamiento de su ramo. El seor Febres Cordero no es un improvisado en la poltica; antes del elevado puesto a que le condujeron sus bien sostenidas virtudes cvicas, haba ocupado una curul en las legislaturas departamentales de 1911 y 1913, distinguindose all por su claridad de criterio, su laboriosidad y certero espritu de apreciacin para los negocios pblicos. Hase tambin conquistado un nombre prestigioso de escritor e historigrafo. Su lucida actuacin en este campo le ha permitido ingresar en doctas corporaciones, siendo socio correspondiente de las Academias de Historia de Colombia y de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela. Frisa hoy en los treinta y cinco aos y tiene an mucho por hacer. Ojal que la fortuna sonra siempre a sus altos propsitos en orden al florecimiento del Norte de Santander, cuna afortunada de muchos hombres distinguidos que han dado lustre a Colombia, en sus albores de nacionalidad y en su prspera marcha de repblica.
He has had the satisfaction to see the spreading of public instruction throughout the department. According to the latest statistics, instruction is given to 5 per cent, of the popuDuring lation of the department. his administration, decrees have been issued for the estabUshment of colleges in the towns of Salazar, Gramalote, Arboledas, and Convencin.
Messrs. Luciano JaramiUo M., Apuleyo Guerrero, and Carlos Luis Jcome have been his co-workers in the fields of general administration, finance, and public instruction respectively. They have assisted him with much wisdom and discernment, eaoh endeavoring to add to the efficiency of the branch of
the administration relating to his specialty.
Mr. Febres Cordero is no novice in poUtics. Before rising to the high oBce to which his civic virtues led him, he was a deputy to the departmental legislatures of 1911 and 1913, where he distinguished himself by his clear judgment, his industriousness, and his quickness He has also won reputation as a in comprehendmg public affairs. writer and historian. Through his able work in this field, he has joined several learned societies, being a corresponding member of the Historical Academies of Colombia and the United States of Venezuela. He is to-day about thirty-five years od, and has a bright future before him. May fortune ever smile on his lofty projects for the development of Norte de Santander, the fortnate birthplaoe of so many illustrious men who have done honor to Colombia, both during her stmggle for independence and during her life as a nation.
525
"Among the many impro\ements effected in this section of the oountry, prompted by great interest in pubhc matters, the foundation of the Xorthern Electric Company (Compaa Elctrica del Norte),
is
is
installcd at Salazar;
at present
and before long it wl transmit power to the towns of Gramalote, Arboledas, Sardinata, Cucutilla, Crdoba, San Luis, El Rosario, etc. Xone of these towns could before many yeai's supjxirt, by itself, an etficient systeu\ of electric lighting.
unas y otros sern felizmente compensados con el correr de los das, pues as lo hace esperar la bondad de la nueva Empresa, que en forma econmica atiende con particular esmero a prestar un servicio de la manera ms completa, amplindolo en su radio, lo que le dar el xito, desde luego que cuente con una maquinaria de gran potencia aparatos esencialmente y modernos. "Justo es por ello reconocer que esta obra que hubiera podido calificarse aventurada o temeraria en otra poca, se debe a la inteligencia y espritu luchador del ilustrado sacerdote doctor Jos Natividad Zafra de J., y a los innegables y mltiples esfuerzos, traducidos en constancia, capitales y talentos, del Coronel Regeho Vlez Mndez y los seores Penagos Hermanos, Junta Directiva todos a cual ms, verdaderos propulsores del bien en la marcha ascendente de nuestro Departamento. "Al consignar estas lineas no hemos querido decir o acertado a expresar otra cosa, que nuestras palabras de franca felicitacin a los caballeros citados, por la realizacin de esta gran Empresa, llamada a dar aliento a otras, facihtndolas en su labor por medio de la energa elctrica que pronto estar funcionando aqu." (De "El Trabajo'' de San Jos de Ccuta.) Tiene la Empresa de que venimos hablando, dos grandes proyectos, que son Electrificacin del Tranva de Ccuta, lo que constituir un verdadero adelanto para esta Capital y un negocio lucrativo para el Municipio, que es dueo hoy del Tranva, y para
:
"In order to carry out the company "s it was uecessary to invest a compsiratively large capital and devote to it a great deal of work. The company, howwork,
soon be rewarded, especially congood service it gives, which no doubt will be nuich improved and extended with the introduction of higherpower machinery and modern applie\er, will
sidering the
ances.
'This enterprise, which not long ago would have been considered adventurous, is mainly due to the good judgment and
learned priest Dr. Jos J., and to the many efforts and financial aid of Colonel Regelio Vlez Mndez and Messrs. Penagos Brothers; all these gentlemen being distinguished as promoters of the Board of Direclors prosperity of the department. "In wTting these Unes, oiu- only purpose has leeu to congratlate the gentlemen above mentioned ou the reahzation of this great imdej'taking, which is destined to encourage industrial enterprises, by (Frow "El Trabajo," supplying them with the necessary power."
activity
of the
Xatividad Zafra de
Ccuta.)
The company has projected the electricfication of the Ccuta tramway, which will be a great improvement for that city and a productive business both for the
municipality and for the companj', the former being the owner of the tramway, Another of the company's projects is to establish three milis for the elaboration of
coffee; one at Salazar, one at Arboledas and one at
esta
Compaa y establecer
;
por su cuenta tres ingenios para beneficiar caf, asi: uno en Salazar, otro en Arboledas y otro en Gramalote y "La Convencin, regiones netamente cafeteras lo que ser de gran provecho para el agricultor, que por este medio consequir la ventaja de poder beneficiar su caf en slo 24 horas, obteniendo a la vez mejor precio en el grano, pudiendo tambin venderlo en baba (pepa) acabado de coger, a la misma Empresa, si lo desea, y recibir su dinero inmediatamente. Tambin piensa establecer esta Empresa un Cinematgrafo permanente en cada una de las poblaciones en donde se instale el alumbrado, para lo cual cuenta con muchas ventajas, como son la de tener la fuerza elctrica, el empleado que maneje el aparato, y el local, que puede ser el mismo de las oficinas. Salazar, Departamento Xorte de Santander (Colom'
benefit a g r
whose
hoiu-s,
coffee
elaborated in
and
besides
it
comes and be paid for it at once. The company further intends to open permanent moving-picture houses in the towns supplied by it with light. For that purpose it has the advantage of liaving already the necessary electric power, and
a liigher price. from the tree, if they wish,
also sell
it
command
They may
untreated as
J.
N. Zafra de
Colonel Rogelio
bia 1.
Empresarios
Presbtero X. Zafra
Dr.
J.
J.,
de
Coronel
^'lez
Rogelio
Caldern, Eustorgio
Surez,
Cupertino
Barroso,
Gonzalo
J.
Barroso, Carlos
Redondo.
Salaz.\r,
Norte
Redondo.
DE Santander.
526
Casa
italiana
fundada en 1871
Italian
House founded
in 1871
Socios principales:
Ssno7-
Principal partners:
Eduardo
Abbo
Importadora
Exportadora
Bancaria
Importers
Exporters
Bankers
&
Fratello.
Giuseppe
&
Fratello.
527
ZOILO
Farmacutico
Establecido en 1911.
R U
^Pharmacist
Estabhshed 1911.
Owner
Botica
&
la ciudad:
'
Botica
Da vis &
Sharp
&
the
specialties
enumerated
below,
which
are
Es el fabricante de las especialidades que se enumeran a continuacin, las cuales estn patentadas en Colombia y Venezuela. El
xito alcanzado en esta localidad 3' sus alrededores, es la mejor prueba de la eficacia de estas medicinas, que ms tarde el fabricante har conocer tanto dentro del pas como en el
exterior. Solicito agentes
The
sur-
good
and the
tends to
abroad.
make
better
known both
at
home and
requested.
Aceite Lombricida.
nombre,
los nios.
Como
oil).
^As its
lo
indica su
es
un preparado
especial
para
ame
la
tion of worms,
especiaUy in children.
The
by
is
described
moniales en las cuales se hacen elogios grandes y sinceros de esta medicina, llamada por el
pblico
"ideal."
the public as
"ideal."
It
solamente expulsa todos los vermes sino que hace una verdadera antisepsia del estmago
e intestinos.
No
pectoral
Used
for all
Jarabe Pectoral Andrs. De gusto agradable; lo toman con placer los ms refina(1)
It cures tuber-
dos paladares; est indicado en todas las afecCura la ciones de los pulmones y bronquios. tisis en su primer perodo; evita y cura los catarros tenaces fortificando todo el sistema
respiratorio.
(2)
Purgante anemicida {Anii-anemia cathartic) The maker's own invention. Wonderful cure
for
anemia
in
aU
its
forms.
It cures in eight
Purgante Anemicida.
days.
Its
efficacy
is
Imbombera, rpida de la Anemia; Anquilostomiasis; Uncinariasis, etc. Regenera en ocho das. Los certificados que posee son de los ms elocuentes.
(1)
PLDORAS Hermosina
{Hermosina
pills).
Expressly prepared to
It regulates
para vigorizar el sistema genital de las mujeres; con su uso se normalizan los menstruos y cesan los dolores y molestias que ocasionan.
PLDORAS Hermosina.
Preparadas expresameate
PLDORAS
Orientales
{Oriental
pills).
Strictly
anti-malarial.
Tested by long years of use both on the ooast and in the mountains
of Colombia.
Mdicamente antipaldicas por excePLDORAS Orientales. lencia. Probado por largos aos en las costas y lugares montaosos de Colombia. Cura el paludismo en todas sus manifestaciones y perodos. Con toda seguridad se puede indicar en los accesos de fros y calenturas, que al tercer da de uso aqullos no se repiten. Solicit Muestras.
(2)
They
cure malaria in aU
its
forms and at
all stages.
and
specific.
Ccuta, Colombia.
Ccuta, Colombia.
528
ClA.
Exporters and Commission Merchants
Importers,
CCUTA, Colombia.
Direccin
telegrfica:
Jorcristo.
edicin
Apartado
vieja
N.
43.
House
established
It
has
always
Cdigos:
edicin.
Samper 2a
y Lieber
y nueva
Esta casa tiene veinte aos de establecida, y siempre ha gozado de gran crdito por la laboriosidad de todos sus socios, como por haber procurado siempre atraerse la clientela con su trato, y por la bondad de sus artculos.
articles,
and the
amiability of
partners.
The
it
sells
Al
efecto,
permanente'
mente
cas
Specialties:
of
All
kinds
gentlemen's furnishings
ladies' clothes;
extranjeras,
sus precios
and
under-
han
sido en el
mercado de
'
verdadera competencia.
mate
.,
clothing,
etc.
The
Sus artculos favoritos son: ropa para hombre, de todas clases, lo mismo que para mujer. Telas de punto, gneros de algodn, artculos para tierra
caliente, etc., etc.
dered
very great
to the public.
Deals on
in
cofee,
all
large
scale
Para complacer ms su han abierto una Agencia de Comisiones, la cual ha prestado sealados
clientela
hides,
rubber,
ar-
and
ticles.
other
export
servicios
al
pblico
en
The
of its profits in beautiful
in
company has
in-
general.
Son adems negociantes, en gran escala, de caf, cueros, caucho y en general de todos los artculos de exportacin. No slo han desarrollado sus energas en el comercio, sino que tambin, merced a sus ganadas, tienen hermosas fincas races, que son sin duda alguna las mejores de la ciudad. Puede decirse sin rodeos que la casa de Cristo y Ca es una de las ms acreditadas con que cuenta el comercio de
Ccuta.
the city.
It
may
& Company
is
Ccuta.
Cable: Jorcristo.
P. O. address:
Apartado 43.
529
COGOLLO
San Jos de Ccuta, Departamento Norte de Santander.
casa comercial de los seores Cogollo & Ca. fu establecida desde hace algunos aos en la importante ciudad de San Jos de Ccuta, en el Departamento Norte de Santander, Repblica de Colombia, por los hermanos don Arturo, don Mario y doa Blanca Cogollo, sta ltima viuda de Jcome; se ocupa de todos los ramos del comercio en general, como el de importacin, exportacin, comisiones, agencias ban-
& CIA.
of
La
House founded several years ago in the important city San Jos de Ccuta, Department of Norte de Santander, Republic of Colombia, by Don Arturo and Don Mario Cogollo, and their sister Doa Blanca, Mr. Jcome's widow.
All eommercial operations, such as importation, exporta-
carias, etc. y tiene lugar prominente en el comercio del Norte de Santander. Los seores Cogollo & Ca. estn
muy prsperos destinos en atencin a las especiales condiciones que los rodean, y como testimonio de ello pudiera repetirse aqu lo que ya dijo en cierta ocasin un escritor regional al referirse a uno de ellos, "nacido para el trabajo y fiel intrprete de la nobleza del esfuerzo propio."
llamados a
commission business, banking, etc. of the most important concerns in the Department of Norte de Santander. This firm is no doubt destined to great prosperity, considering the many favorable circumstances that surround it. Of one of its partners a writer said that he was "born to be a worker and a faithful interpreter of the worth of selftion,
One
exertion.
Residencia de los seores Cogollo Cogollo Residence Arturo Cogollo, Blanca Cogollo de Jcome
530
Ancho entre
rieles:
metro.
Esta empresa pertenece a una Compaa concesionaria, que disfruta de esta lnea, de Ccuta a Puerto Villamizar, sobre el ro Zulia, por el trmino de SO aos. El Presidente o Director de la Empresa es el Sr. Jos Agustn Berti, con residencia en San Jos de Ccuta. La River Pate Trust and I-oan Ageney Co., Ltd., de Londres,
es su agente.
El capital autorizado de la Compaa es de $1,800,000. El Ferrocarril de Ccuta es notable por dos aspectos: en primer lugar, es nico entre los ferrocarriles de alguna importancia en Colombia por haber sido desde su principio casi enteramente nacional, es decir, costeado con capital colombiano. Se comenz el ferrocarril en el ao de 1879 y se termin en Junio de 1888. La Compaa tiene tambin un tranva de vapor, de Ccuta a la frontera venezolana, que estima en $81,875 oro.
Esta obra ha resultado ser de magnficos rendimientos monetarios y ha justificado plenamente las esperanzas de sus constructores emprendedores, consiguiendo los fletes del producto ntegro de las exportaciones entre Venezuela y la cumbre de los Andes. Con esta va, Ccuta ha aumentado rpidamente en poblacin y riqueza. Su material rodante se compone de; Locomotoras 15; de 32 toneladas 1 de 14, 1; de28, 1; de23, 1; de 16, 8; de 7, 3. Carros de 1.", 4; mixtos, 2; de 2.", 4; de carga, 92,
;
Length, 55 kilometers;
gage, 1 meter.
This enterprise belongs to a concessionary company, which has the right to the road, from Ccuta to Puerto Villamizar, on the Zulia river, for a term of 80 years.
The president and manager is Mr. Jos Agustn Berti, residing at San Jos de Ccuta. Its agents in London are the River Pate Trust and Loan Ageney Company, Ltd.
The authorized
capital of the
company
is
$1,800,000.
The Ccuta Railroad is remarkable in several respeets. In the first place, it is unique among the important railroads of Colombia, on account of its having been from
beginning an almost entirely national undertaking; that is, who.se expenses have been defrayed by Colombian capital. The road was begun in 1879, and finished in
its
June, 1888.
The company has also a steam tramway from Ccuta to the Venezuelan fronticr, valued at about 81,875 dollars. The railroad has proved most profitable, and has fully realized the hopes of its builders, who have secured the transportation of all articles between Venezuela and Ccuta owes to the railroad much of its rapid increase in the summits of the Andes.
population and wealth.
The rolling stock of the company is as foUows: Total number of locomotives, 15; 32-ton locomotives, 1; 14-ton, 1; 28-ton, 1; 23-ton, 1; 16-ton, 8; 7-ton, 3; firstclass passenger cars, 4; niixed, 2; second class, 4; freight cars, 92.
Esta Asociacin de sport fu fundada el 6 de noviembre de 1913, el nico en su clase en todo el Departamento Norte de Santander. El nmero de sus socios activos es hoy de 96, y los principales Sports son football, lawn tennis y ciclismo, conforme se puede apreciar en el presente fotograbado. Sus socios son elementos de vala en la sociedad cucutea, tanto por su ejemplar conducta como por su ilustracin,
entre
los
This sporting association was founded November 6, 1913, being at the time the only one of its kind in the Department of Norte de Santander. It has today 96 active members, and its principal sports are football, lawn tennis, and cycling, as may be seen in the accompanying illustration. Its members belong to the
-
plary
conduct as
for
among
physicians,
cuales
se
pharmacists,
merchants,
tional
The na-
government has
etc., etc.
El
otorgndole
per-
sonera
jurdica.
occasions
great
it
has
Anualmente celebra pomposas fiestas y en diversas ocasiones ha dado pruebas evidentes de filantropa.
shown
thropy.
philan-
The Board
of
^
-
of Direc-
El Cuerpo Directivo
del presente
sonnel: president,
Don
Jr.;
ao est
Presidente,
David
L.
Maduro,
formado
as:
Don David
L.
Maduro,
Jr.;
1""'
Vice-
vice-president,
Don
Don Carlos Juho Rosas; 2 Vicepresidente, Don Andrs ngulo Colmenares; Secretario de Actas, Don Jos Rosario Fernndez; Secretario de Correspondencia, Don Rodolfo Yez O.; Tesorero, Don Pablo Emilio Castillo; l^'' Vocal, Don Blio Monroy A.; 2 Vocal, Don Federico Garbiras; 3'*'' Vocal, Don Pablo R. Garca. Ccta.
presidente,
Andrs ngulo Fernndez; corresponding secretary, Don Rodolfo Yez O.; treasurer, Don Pablo Emilio Castillo; first substituto, Don Elio Moiu'oy A.; second substituto, Don Federico Garbiras ;third substituto, Don Pablo R. Garca.
Carlos Julio Rosas; second vice-president, Don Colmenares; general secretary, Don Jos Rosario
CCDTA.
531
"LA TARDE"
Edicin Diaria 1800 Ejemplares
Daily
Cuenta, Colombia
Director
Director
of
and contributors
to
"La Tarde"
"EL TRABAJO"
532
fw
^N.
'm
A
tander
The Ayala drug store was founded in 1915. The present firm manufactures the well-known anti-malaria Epsom specifics; Sanpills, which cure malaria in all its forms; powders and ontments for ulcers,
pimples, burns, mosquito bites, etc. Complete and constantly renewed stock of drugs and medicines imported from the foUowing well-known French firms: Darrasse Frres, H. Lacroix, Lecaron Fils, H. Salle & Co., Ch. Vairon & Co., P. P. Ch. Couturieux, and Henry Rogier & Co.; and the American firms of Lanman & Kemp, Sharp & Dohme, Maliinckrodt Chemical Works, Bauer & Biake, Tussel Brothers.
The fiUing of prescriptions is in the hands of Mr. Juan de Jess Ayala B., one of the partners, who is a pharmacist very highly recommended by physicians, on account of his extreme carefulness.
This drug store is located in one of the most central parts of the city, great popularity from the excellence of its articles, which are always fresh.
and enjoya
Customers rceive premiums, which are distributed in aecordance with a special raffle system, in addition to which five per cent, of the valu of purchases are returned to every buyer monthly. Ccuta, Colombia.
MANUEL
CucuTA, Colombia.
Negocios de Banca y Comisin.
Representaciones y Agencias.
res.
G.
CABRERA
Exportador de calidades
sobre
el
finas
de caf y cueros de
Vende
giros
Exterior.
Gerente de
la
Agente General de
Compaa General de
Seguros, de Bogot.
cattle hides
and rst-quality
Foreign drafts
Manager
of the
General Insurance
Company of
Bogot.
533
LA ORIENTAL
Almacn de Mercancas y Novedades Dry Goods and Novelty Store
Saich, Suz
and Company
ExportadoresComisionistas.
Ccuta El seor Saich es mitural de Beln (Palestina) y hace cuatro aos se radic en Los hermanos Suz hace diez aos estn en el pas y son tambin naturales ( Colombia) (Beln). de la Palestina Formaron la sociedad en 1915, el 22 de diciembre y merced a sus grandes eiiergias mercancas son selectas, y constancia, han formado un capital de responsabilidad. Sus de fantasa, con de las mejores marcas extranjeras, siendo su especialidad en telas ventas al mayor y al detal. hacerlo en otras poblaTienen sucursales de su negocio en Gramalote, y pretenden Negocian en caf y cueros, en gran cantidad. ciones. ^ r * o^ frente al mercado almacn, Tienen en propiedad una hermosa casa en donde est el
.
Mr. Saich is a nativo of Bethlehem, Palestine, who settled in Ccuta four years The brothcrs Suz are natives of the same town, and have lived in Colombia for ago. ten years. The firm was organized December 22, 1915, and owing to the energy of the partners, has already acquired considerable capital. It sells select goods imported from the best foreign makers, its specialty beng materials for fancy clothes, which are
sold both retail
and
wholesale.
firm has a branch at Gramalote, and intends to establish others elsewhere. It owns a beautiful building, where the It deals in coffee and hides on a large scale: store is located, opposite the public market place.
The
pblico.
This firm
porvenir.
is
its
Direccin telegrfica: Saiesuz. Cdigo: A. B. C. Telfono No. 67. de correos N." 21. Carrera 7 y Calle 12. Ciicuta, Departamento de Santander del Norte (Colombia).
Apartado
P. O. address:
SI Carrera 7a.
Telephone
A. B. C.
Telegraph;
Saiesuz.
Code;
CCUTA. Santander
EL GLOBO"
Arocha & Company's Store
Importers
of
all
Almacn de Arocha y
Telgrafo
:
Ca.
Arochas.
food-
CCUTA, COLOMBIA.
stufFs, liquors,
IMPORTAN: Toda
clase
lubricating
oil,
sodium
silicate,
Pez rubia, aceite de palma, silicato de soda, soda custica, soda ash, polvos de mrmol, estearina, parafina,
EXPORTAN:
Caf y Cueros.
CCUTA, Colombia.
"LA ESTRELLA"
Establecimiento Industrial Arocha
est situada en el Nuestra fbrica centro de la ciudad, diagonal con el Mercado cubierto, en edicio en construccin de 2 pisos, de nuestra propiedad, y en ella tenemos establecidas las siguientes
&
Ca.
Arocha
& Company's
Industrial
in 1905,
Works
in the central part of
Founded
I
and located
own.
the city, diagonally opposite the roofed market place, in a two-story building of
its
Manufacture
of yel-
industrias:
Elaboracin de velas estericas y de cera, en diversos tamaos, premiadas con Medalla de Oro en la Exposicin Industrial y Artstica de Bucramanga, Maquinaria de tostar en 1907. Elaboracin de hielo. y moler caf. Maquinaria de pilar y moler maz.
Maquinaria de moler sal. Un tren completo de carpintera y ebanistera, con maquinarias movidas a vapor, en las cuales podemos ejecutar cualquier trabajo que se nos confe, contando para ello con operarios hbiles.
Compras y ventas de maderas en trozas, tablones tablas. Compras de caf, pasa y maz.
^ m
h%%t
^Ll
of different sizes,
Expo-
^^^*^
sition
of
1907.
Coffee
toasters
and
milis.
Salt
grinding machnery.
and
\
1
534
eabinet-making
shop,
steam-power
macliinery.
^^
Expert operators.
Timber
in
all
sold.
Coffee and
corn bought.
CCUTA, Colombia.
ClA.
CcuTA
"Barroso." Cdigos: Lieber's y Samper 2" edicin. ao de 1907 cuando pas este establecimiento de farmacia, cuyo nombre es el que encabeza estas lneas, " Botica Cucutea, " a poder de la firma Barroso & Hernndez: dos aos ms tarde se separ de la casa el socio Hernndez y tom parte en la compaa el seor Luis Carlos Barroso, hijo del primero, denominndose desde entonces la razn social Barroso & Cia. No transcurrieron tres aos cuando acaeci la infausta muerte del fundador, seor Rafael Barroso M., quedando al frente de la casa su hijo ya nombrado, quien con la misma actividad y celo de su padre, ha dado gran incremento a la Casa, la que goza hoy de gran prestigio y estimacin. El edificio se encuentra en el centro de la ciudad, o sea en la calle 1 1 frente a la casa del Mercado principal. Su estadstica de importacin y exportacin demuestran el desarrollo de sus negocios. Tanto la preparacin de especialidades como e! despacho de recetas est confiado a la esmerada atencin de farmacuticos titulados y de larga
Telgrafo:
Colombia
In 1907 this pharmacy became the proporty of Barroso
later,
Fu en
el
& Hernndez. Two years the partner Hernndez withdrew, and was repiaced by Mr. Luis Carlos Barroso,
,
Since then, the firm has gone by the ame of Barroso & Only thrce years later, the founder, Mr. Rafael Barroso M. died, and the house was left in the hands of his son, already mentioned, who, having inherited the activity and zeal of his father, has raised the cnterprise to a very high position.
Company.
The building
great
is
located in the central part of the city, on llth Street, near the
The statistics of the imports and exports of the firm show the and rapid development of the business. Both the preparation of special medicines and the filling of prescriptions are in the hands of skillful gradate pharmacists
principal market place.
of long experience.
prctica.
list
sent on request.
Licheras
Envan a quien
artculos.
solicite
Barroso.
Codes:
and Samper, 2d
ed.
Uno de los salones muestrarios de la fotografa Cabrales en Ccuta, Norte de Santander. En el marco, Eulogio J.
Cabrales, director propietario.
One of the sample rooms in the Cabrales Photographic Studio, Ccuta, Norte de Santander. On the left upper crner, Mr. Eulogio J. Cabrales, manager and proprietor.
535
Colombia
Import and export
store.
Marciales.
Complete stock,
and gentlemen.
tanned
hides,
Hardware, wooden
secas, artculos
furniture, drugs,
for saddlers
Ferretera,
and shoemakers.
hats,
and
sol
agents in
nicos introduc-
de
los
Company,
here given
**Borsalinos,"
y Agentes
exclusivos en el Departala
The
illustration
renombrada
Co. de Ales-
of this ancient
commercial
&
sandra (Italia).
Telegraph: Marciales
La
fotografa muestra
una parte
del interior de
"EL SOL"
Gran Relojera y Joyera
Grand
t^*^"^
Ramn
nados con
de todas
falsas.
el
SJo
tujom^
I
Uribe, Propietario
llEi^^
h
,
Ramn
Importer of
trade.
all
Uribe, Pbgprietob
kinds of articles relating to his
Composicin y venta de
relojes
clases.
Gran
cmm jj
^ipf.,
ji
-
*:6.^-it?
'
Watches
and repaired.
First-
ajH
Solicita catlogos.
y 41 D.
M -j^^^ *
B.^^Sl_ in2
',
^%'iu
jHI
Catalogues requested.
/''^i^^^^H
Ccuta, Colombia.
l,^^n^"VB^^^M
"~^^l
41
C and
41
lOth Slreet,
Cucdta, Colombia.
laborioso
ha conseguido
un
taller
clase.
Owing
Avelino
shop.
Estudioso en
arte moderno.
Ramos
first-class
He makes
Competencia y cumplimiento
Tiene para
ello
es su lema.
latest creations.
His motto
forc
hbUes
oficiales
mente
telas
de primera
clase.
Ha
Competent
of
employees.
goods.
Best
commercial references.
itmovaciones.
Solicita del exterior catlogos.
Ccuta, Santander
Referencias de crdito
inmejorables.
LUXEMBURGO
Gran Almacn de Novedades y Artculos DE Lujo
Ca.
&
Exportadores,
Ccuta,
Colombia.
y alto
and
fiu"niture,
The
elegance.
la elegancia.
Best references.
Store
opposite
Almacn bien
Cable: Luxcmburgo.
Ccuta,
Colvibia.
536
Ccuta, Colombia.
Importers
las principales plazas
from
the
best
European
Importadores de
europeas.
markets.
Exporters
of
coffee
Exportadores de
del pas.
caf
y dems
frutos
products.
Telegraph; Morelli.
Cdigo: Lieber's, 5
Telgrafo, Morelli.
letras.
Code:
Lieber's, 5 lelters.
CCUTA, Colombia.
ANDRS
Importador y Exportador. Casa fundada en 1903. Direcin "Andrs." Apartado N. 35. Telfono N,^146. San Jos de Ccuta, Colombia.
telegrfica:
B.
FERNNDEZ
Importer and exporter. House founded in 1903. Agent for the Banco de Colombia, Bogot; general banking agent for" the Colombian Insurance Corapany, Bogot; banking agent for the Sun Life Assurance Company of Ganada; agent for other banks, companies, and comrnercial houses of Colombia, Europe. and the United States. Will accept representation of other reable foreign
firms.
Agente del Banco de Colombia de Bogot Agente General, Banquero de la Compaa Colombiana de Seguros, de BogotAgente Banquero de la Sun Life Assurance Co. of Canad. Agente de Bancos, Compaas, casas de comercio, de Colombia, Europa, Estados Unidos.
CoTee bought.
Acepta
la representacin
Importer of sugar-cane milis, machinery, tclcphones, electric batteries, insulators, electric bulbs, safes, watches, fraraes, picturea, mirrors, graphophones, graphophone discs, flour, butter, beer, and malt.
P. O. address: ^par/ado 55. Telegraph: Andrs. Telephone 146.
Importacin especial. Trapicles. Maquinarias. Telfonos. Aisladores. Bombillos elctricos. Cajas de hierro. Relojes. Marcos. Paisajes. Espejos. Graffonos. Discos. Harina. Mantequilla. Cerveza Malta.
Pilas.
rodrguez &
Propietarios de la "Botica Popular," uno de los establecimientos de droguera de ms fama de la ciudad de Ccuta: es una de las firmas comerciales que merecen especial mencin, dados sus hbitos de trabajo, su inteUgencia en el ramo que manejan y el continuo empeo que siempre han demostrado para poner su negocio a la altura de los ms modernos en su gnero.
CO.
the Botica Popular (Popular Drug best-known shops of its kind in Ccuta. great reputation and the estecm of its patrons, owing to ita strict busincss methods and its coustant efforts to keep up to the latcst improvemonts.
The
firn
has
won
Situado este establecimiento en uno de los mejores puntos de la capital del Norte de Santander, es sin disputa la farmacia mejor surtida en medicamentos que puede garantizar con absoluta evidencia, por ser frecuentemente renovados.
prestigio entre todas las drogueras de la ciudad, por la competencia profesional de los farmacuticos que la asisten, por su severa escrupulosidad en el despacho de frmulas, por la buena calidad de sus
The store is situated in one of the best localities of the capital of Norte de Santander. It is no doubt the bcst-stocked store of its kind, and it guarantees all its drugs, which, being constantly renewed, are always
frcsh,
It enjoys great reputation o^^'ing to the ability of the pharmacists in charge, its great scrupulosity in the preparation of prescriptions, the good quahty of its drugs and chemicals, and the absolute commercal reabiUty of its owners.
Goza de gran
drogas y productos qumicos, y por la reconocida honradez comercial de sus propietarios. Direccin cablegrfica:
"Polar."
537
PAMPLONA
es cabecera del municipio, de la provincia dicesis del mismo nombre; asiento de tribunal superior, de circuito notarial y de registro. Tiene quince
Pamplona
la
y de
Pamplona is the capital of the municipality, the province and the diocese of the same ame, and'Hkewise the seat of the superior tribunal, and the circuit notarial and recorcng
It has a populationof 15,000
offices.
mil
habitantes.
myriameters Bogot.
from
The city occupies a high plateau of the Department of Norte de Santander, and has an
of 2300 meters above sea-
elevation
level.
desemboca
Zulia.
en
el
It
is
situated
after
Circndanla
cerros,
on the Pamplonita
river,
altos
el
entre
which,
rounded
Alcalda -Alayur
s
by
high
frecuente-
mente desde doce hasta veintids grados, por su topografa y por la proximidad del ramal oriental de los Andes, que domina la ciudad por varios costados; esto suele enfriar
sbitamente su atmsfera, a pesar de
fortificante, reparador, sano.
lo
cual su
cHma
es
Grande is ene of highest. The average temperature is 17 C. The fluctuations vary between 12 and 22, on account of the proximity of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes, which dominates the city on several sides, and often causes sudden falls in the
the
uihcc,
Antiguamente denominbase esta meseta Valle del Espritu Santo, donde fundronla Pedro de Ursa y Ortn de Velasco, en abril de 1549; seis aos despus, recibi el ttulo de ciudad. Su nombre
recuerda la ciudad espaola patria de Ursa. En la Colonia fu ciudad prspera e importante, debido a una rica mina de oro de filn y ostras menores de aluvin, halladas en sus Segn tradicin, conocase la primera con el cercanas. nombre de Pata de Gallo, por tener cinco ramificaciones principales. El primer terremoto que destruy a Pamplona ocult totalmente aquel yacimiento, codiciado por europeos y americanos. El 4 de julio de 1810, esta antigua ciudad prob su amor a la libertad e independencia deponiendo al gobernador espaol Juan Basts y en luchas intestinas del pas ha dado soldados y jefes valerosos. Reunise aqu la primera Asamblea Constituyente del antiguo Estado de Santander (15 de septiembre de 1857). La ciudad tiene calles anchas, rectas. Divdese eclesisticamente en dos parroquias: El Carmen y Las Nieves;
;
temperature. The climate is very invigorating and healthful. The plateau where the city is located was formerly known as Valle del Espritu Santo (Valley of the Holy Ghost). There the town of Pamplona was founded in April, 1549, by Pedro de Ursa and Ortn de Velasco; six years later it was raised to the rank of city. It was named after Ursa's birthplace. During colonial times it was a very important and prosperous city, on account of a rich lode gold mine and several alluvial mines discovered in its neighborhood. According to tradition, the lode mine was known as Pata de Gallo (Rooster's Foot), from its having The first earthquake that destroyed Pamfive branches. plona buried entirely that gold deposit, so much coveted by both natives and foreigners. On July 4, 1810, this od city showed its love of liberty and independence by deposing the Spanish governor, Juan Basts. In the civil wars of the republic it has given several brave military commanders. It was at Pamplona that the first constituent assembly of the od State of Santander met
(September
15, 1857).
^oPOORArfCo
PAMPLONA
Vista general de
Pamplona
General
View
of
Pamplona
Plano de Pamplona
Plan
of
Pamplona
538
LIBIO
Colegio de
la
Presentacin
College
of
La Presentacin
cuenta
El privadas. de grata recordacin, inici reformas notables en la de Santa Clara, donde celbranse actualmente los oficios de Catedral. Concluidas stas, la Catedral ser un hermoso templo, gloria del arte y digna de la ciudad. La parte material de esta poblacin ha mejorado notablemente con la cmoda y elegante construccin de almacenes y casas de habitacin; vista desde cualquiera de las colinas que la circundan, ella presenta un
con
ocho
templos
y dos
capillas
The
and wide.
El
It is eccle-
Carmen and
panorama
pintoresco.
Su comodidad y
belleza
han aumen-
tado con la instalacin de la Planta Elctrica, empresa que promete distribuir energa a los municipios de toda la
provincia.
pblica.
Siempre se ha preocupado Pamplona por la instruccin Tuvo primero un colegio dirigido por los Jesutas, que termin cuando fueron expulsados. Fund despus el Provincial, en edificio propio, magnfico, sostenido actualmente por el departamento; de sus claustros han salido bachilleres, que luego honraron las letras y las ciencias. Cuenta Pamplona adems con seminario, escuela normal
Las Nieves. It has two churches and two private chapis. The most reverend Dr. Evaristo Blanco, who is gratefuUy remembered, initiated important improvements in the church of Santa Clara, where at present cathedral scrvices are conducted. When these improvements are completed, the church will become a handsome cathedral, a glory to art and worthy of the city. The material aspect of the town has been considerably improved by the construction of large and comfortable shops and dwelling houses. Looked at from any of the hills surrounding it, it presents a most picturesque view. Another factor that has greatly contributed to its comfort and beauty is the installation of an electric plant, which will before long supply jDower to all the
municipalities in the province.
Pamplona has always given great attention to public At first it had a college directed by the Jesuits, which closed when they were expelled. Afterinstruction.
wards
it
is
at present
Museo Diocesano
Dioccsan
Museum
539
Iglesia
de San Jos
St. Joscph's
Church
supported by the department, and where maiiy men iUusThere are trious in literature and science haye studied besides a seminary, a normal school for young ladies, three prvate coUeges for young Lidies, and a lyceum {hceo) for children, attended by 629 pupils; two mght schools ^^ath
the penitentwy, ^Mth 50; fiye 110 pupils; a school ofcial city schools, with 548; and ten oncial rural schools, vth 418. This city won the thousand-doUar prize awarded
1755
by the
i aBii JRbJHH|^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1^^^^
-li''
ii
i
''
number
Its
of
por
__^^^^^^^^^
I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HPPBpH^PIi^^^..
"
""^^^^^^^^^^1
i '
personal docente.
^^^j^^T^^^Ui^WSS^
~*|
!'
iiiiiT~T'"'nill _!j5 I, ._
^^^M
*^,^,~^j.~sL^'3&
JL~^!^^^cJ^
The p'rinciipal
are of natural grass ganados, en prade_, ,, . -di , P''^^^ ^^ Mercado-Market Place ^^ ^^^^^ ^f p^^j. las ras, naturales vated grass, both kdnds being of excellent quality. ms de ellas, artificiales otras, todas de magnfica calidad. There are still in the municipality vast forests, which Posee todava considerables extensiones de bosques, ricos abound with building timber, resins, dyewoods and medicinal en maderas de construccin, en resinas, sustancias tintreas plants. Water is plentiful, the municipality being in the basin y medicinales. Abundan las aguas: forma la honda hoya of the Pamplonita river, into which a great many streams flow. central del municipio el Pamplonita, al cual afluyen The agricultural products not only supply the inhabitants numerosas corrientes. but are exported to the northern provinces and to Venezuela, Los productos agrcolas no slo abastecen el consumo the niain ones being corn, wheat, potatoes, barley, beans regional sino que se exportan para las provincias del norte and lima beans. base de son la papa, que Venezuela: maz, trigo, para y y The live-stock farms contain large numbers of cattle, la aumentacin; cebada, frjoles, habas y otras varias. Several cattle raisers already horses, mules, and sheep. Prados. Alimentan stos gran cantidad de ganados vacuno, have special nurseries for the raising of first-class breeds, Algunos propietarios tienen ya caballar, mular y lanar. and thanks to their perseverance in making selections and establecidos criaderos de las mejores razas vacunas, y, to the painstaking way in which they manage their pasture gracias a su perseverante labor en la seleccin y al esmerado lands, they have succeeded in producing specimens weighcuidado en mejorar sus praderas, han presentado al coning as much as 60 arrobas (1250 Ibs.). sumo ejemplares de un peso de sesenta arrobas. It is fair to acknowledge that some of the products coming Justo es reconocer que parte de los productos que afluyen into this city are sent by neighboring towns, for the agria esta plaza dbense a los pueblos circunvecinos, cuya
,
, ,
l^Miiulus pblicas
Public
Schools
Si. Joscpl
Culki
540
cultural products of which Pamplona is a convenient commercial center. Among the manufactured articles of the city, sisal bags, lassos, hammocks, woolen and cotton
Valor
mado de
aproxila pro-
be mentioned. is badly in need of irrigation, fertilizers and modern machinery. The approximate valu of the agriThe cultural products of the city is $500,000 per year. sub-soil of the municipality abounds with gold, silver, copper, lead, iron, coal, marble, asbestos, marl for the manufacture
fabrics
may
Agriculture
subsuelo
del
municipio
abunda en oro, plata, cobre,
plomo,
hierro,
of cement, clay, kaolin, biotite slabs bearig a great number of garnets, alum, quicksilver, talcum, and mineral waters. The exploitation of this wealth, still untouched, requires much scientific knowledge and large capital.
carbn,
mrpara
moles, amianto,
margas
mento,
fabricacin de cearcillas,
abundantsimos granates,
alumbre, azogue (en el Blanquizcal),
The municipality is at present building with its own fiinds a large slaughter house, which, when finished, ivill increa.se the revenue of the city and improve its sanitary conditions. It has also projected the construction of sewers and an aqueduct, as well as the canalization of some rivers and the enlargement of the city. Sewers. The sewerage will be of the combined system, and will discharge into the Chiquito and Pamplonita rivers. The mains and the secondary conduits will be made of masonry, and the others of sandstone or concrete. The The sewers will be flooded cross-section will be egg-shaped. by means of automatic tanks installed near their upper ends. It is estimated that the construction will cost about
$39,150.
talco,
Presa en
g vi d-p o o n o c i mientos cientficos y cuantiosos capitales. La municipalidad edifica actualmente con fondos propios un amplio local para matadero, el cual terminado aumentar las rentas y mejorar las condiciones higinicas de la poblacin. Proyecta tambin la construccin de alcantarillado, acueducto, canalizacin de ros, ensanche de la poblacin. Construirse por sistema unitario, evaAlcantarillado. cuando las aguas por los ros Chiquito y Pamplonita. Los colectores principales y secundarios sern de mampostera, los terciarios de gres, o cemento galvanizado; la seccin ser ovoide; el lavado verificarse por tanques de vaciajo automtico, situados en las cabeceras; costo de la obra, aproximadamente, $39,150. Acueducto. Calclanse 96 litros diarios por habitante; para sistema de distribucin adoptarse la red ramificada; costo aproximado, $57,472; precio bajo, si tinese en cuenta que podrn colocarse, trmino medio, 1500 llaves.
el
no Pamplomta
,.,..
Pamploiuta River
inexplotada. ^ Dam
been designed for 96 liters per day per be of the branch system, and cost about $57,472, which is a low cost if it is taken into account that about 1500 faucets can be supplied. When this is accomplished, the Canalization of rivers. sanitary conditions of the city will be perfect, besides the
Aqueduct.
It has
capita.
It will
Commerce. Pamplona has commercial relations with Santander, Boyac and Tchira (Venezuela). Its trade in foodstus is very considerable, the main articles being flour, corn, peas, beans, potatoes, lima beans, etc., which supply the towns of the province of Ricaurte, 35 kilometers away; of the province of Ccuta and of the Venezuelan frontier, 70 kilometers away.
The importat
i
on
of the
city
ly
America,
land,
France, EngBelgium,
i
Canalizacin de los ros. Verificada, el estado sanitario de la ciudad capital ser perfecto y quedar adems embellecida por hermosos paseos y avenidas. Comercio. Pamplona mantiene intercambio de negocios El comercio con Santander, Boyac y Tchira (Venezuela) de vveres alcanza grandes proporciones; srtense aqu de harina, maz, alverjas, frjoles, papas, habas, etc., los pueblos de la provincia de Ricaurte, a 35 kilmetros; de la provincia de Ccuta y frontera venezolana, a 70 kilmetros. La importacin hcese principalmente de Norte Amrica, Francia, Inglaterra, Blgica, Espaa e Italia. El valor aproximado de la importacin es como $1,000,000. Vienen del exterior telas, herramientas, maquinaria, objetos de lujo, libros, drogas, licores, cristalera, sombreros, etc. La exportacin de vveres, ganados, cervezas, artefactos, asciende a Esta cifra advierte la ventajosa situa$2,000,000 anuales. cin de la agricultura de la provincia. Tiene Pamplona un banco, cuatro respetables casas importadoras, catorce almacenes de mercancas al detal, veinticuatro bodegas expendedoras de licores, herramientas, frutas alimenticias, vveres, etc., cinco drogueras, seis cerveceras bien reputadas, un importante club, cuatro restaurantes, cinco fbricas de calzado, y varias otras industrias pequeas.
.
S p a
1 1
n
.
and
They y aggregate a
a
1
valu of about
$1,000,000.
The articles
imported
mainly
fabrics, t
uries,
are
Is,
textile
oo
machinery, lux-
books,
Cementerio Cemetery
cles
drugs, liquors, glassware, hats, etc. The exportation of foodstuifs, cattle, beer and manufactured arti-
amounts
to
This high
valu
in the province.
Pamplona has a bank, four reliable importing houses, fourteen retail shops, twenty-four depots for liquors, tools, fruits, foodstuffs, etc.; five drug stores, six well-reputed
541
No muy
tarde
Pamplona
con
breweries, an important club, four restaurants, five slioe factories, and many small industrial establishments. The city will before long be connected with the rich valleys of Casanare by way of the Sarare river, and then all the cattle that is today exported via Venezuela, which greatly increases the cost of transportation, will be exported by this
at present in process
la
la municipalidad tiene un presupuesto de $20,000 anuales; posee buena casa municipal, con crcel para reclusas y presos del departamento; dos magnficos locales actualmente arrendados para servicio dos locales para escuelas del Regimiento acantonado; urbanas; un acueducto cxij'a mejora Uevarse al mayor grado de perfeccin. Estos intereses permitirn contratar emprstitos y realizar obras redentoras para la localidad.
will connect the municipality with the province of Ccuta. This important work will greatly enhance the relations of Pamplona with foreign countries and give great impulse to the exportation of its producs. The municipality has a budget of $20,000 per year. It has a good municipal house, with a jail for women and other criminis of the department; two splendid buildings at present rented for the regiment garrisoning the city; two city schools, and an aqueluct, which vW be very greatly improved. These possessions will enable the city to raise loans and carry out useful improvements.
Calle Real
Main
Street
Roberto D. Rico
Referencias satisfactorias, crdito firme, Comerciante comisionista. activos negocios. Artculos para seoras, caballeros y nios, joyera, Inti-oduce: juguetes, bordados, postales, libros, hilos, modas. Suministra informes a sus colegas. Pamplona.
Important articles for ladies, gentlemen toys, embroidery, post-cards, books, thread,
Infortnation furnished.
Pamplona.
Work guaranteed. Modern styles. Caps and cloth hats specialties. Catalogues requested and foreign representations accepted. S." Calle Real Nos. I40, I4S and I44. Tclcgraph: "Pacaceres. Pamplona, Colombia.
Saddles and travcling bags specialties. Elegant finish. First-class Carcful manufacture and promptjicss in all dealings. Catalogues requested. Pamplona, Colombia.
materials.
Julio
Crdenas.
Formas y
estilos
Undertaker's establishment and trunk factory. Modern styles and patterns. Neatness and painstaking n all kinds of work entrustcd Catalogues requested and references to it by its numerous patrons. given. Pamplona, Colombia.
542
reaj estte and a carpentry shop. Long experience, modern suitable machinery; carved and opon work, lathe work, Catalogues and prices requested. Pamplona, Colombia.
'El Cacique
Propiedad de Domingo S. Pealosa. Pamplona, Colombia. Bodega surtida de las mejores marcas extranjeras y nacionales. Posee adems una fbrica de tabacos que complacen a su numerosa
clientela.
Domingo S. Pefialoaa, Proprietor, Pamplona, Colombia. A storohousc supplied with the bcst foreign and domestic products. It has besides a tobceo factory which givos satisfaction to its numerous patrons. Catalogues and prices requested.
Solicita Catlogos
referencias.
De
la
Domiciliado en Pamplona.
sostenido su numerosa clientela por ms de 20 aos, garantizando sus trabajos. Cuenta con un gabinete a la moderna.
Ha
Gradate Doctor of Dentistry, residing in Pamplona. Has kept his large patronage during more than 20 years, his work being guarantecd.
Modern
office.
Mcrchant.
at Pamplona,
Established
Colombia.
Lawyer. Makes specialties of written advioe, civil matters presented to the courts, and criminal pleadings in jury cases. Twenty years' experience. Pamplona, Colombia.
Samuel Mogolln B.
Propietario del establecimiento comercial "LA FAVORITA," en la plaza principal. Surtido completo de los mejores licores, rancho, ferretera, barnices, porcelana, loza esmaltada, quincalla, artculos de
escritorio, etc., etc.
Owner of the "La Favorita" commcrciai establishment, on the principal square. Complete stock of the best liquors, canned goods, hardware, varnishes, plain and enameled china, stationery, etc.
Pamplona, Colombia.
Pamplona, Colombia.
las
la Universidad Nacional. Cuidados especiales enfermedades de las vas urinarias. Horas de consulta, de m. a 4 p. m. Pamplona, Colombia.
diseases a specialty.
Llniversity.
Urinary
Compra y venta de
la
plaza
principal.
Mlaga.
Pamplona,
Commission merchant; eastern side of main square. Drafts on Bogot, Ccuta and Mlaga bought and sold. Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia.
Proprietor of a harness shop in which cverything relating to the manufactured. Jjong practice and the famous saddle manufactured are the best guaraiitecs to its numerous customers. Pamplona, Colombia.
Rubn Mora
Comerciante, Agente, Comisionista. Acepta honorables. Referencias a quien las Colombia.
casas
representaciones
solicite.
de Pamplona,
of reliablc firms.
Agent and General Commission Merchant. Accepts representa tion References on request. Pamplona, Colombia.
Gran Taller de Carpintera, Ebanistera y Agencia Funeraria CARPENTRY SHOP AND UNDERTAKER'S ESTABLISHMENT
Propiedad de Ramn Hurtado. El mejor taller de la ciudad. Establecido el ao de 1S8L Se hacen todos los trabajos inherentes a su industria y se encuentran siempre grandes depsitos de madera. Se solicitan catlogos. Pamplona, Colombia. Hurtado, Projirietor, Pamplona, Colombia. The best shop the city. Established in ISSl. All work relating to its specialties proniptly done. Pormanent large stock of timber. Catalogues requested.
in
Ramn
543
Zulia
con fuerza hidrulica
{
Zulia Mills
Flour works having
roll milis
cilindros
kilos.
the largest
and best
in
La ms grande y
perfecta del
North Santander.
Its
famosos productos,
elaborados
con
calidad,
Venezuela.
pblica de Venezuela.
la
mayor prontitud, y
sus pro-
- jw^f^m^ f^i^^m^m^ers
Would enterinto
relations
Departamento.
relaciones
Solicita
con
culos
relacionados con
la
Empresa Harinera.
R. Olaya and
Company's
Brewery
The
part
Solicita relaof
illustration
shows
R.
the
interior o
de R. Olaya
&
Ca.
Establecida en Pamplona.
The
requests correspondence
from makers
of
machinery and
Direcciones:
ZULI.\."
Telegrfica,
"Zuli.*.";
Postal,
"Molinos del
"Molinos del
Codes:
Telegrapk:
Lieber's.
"Zulia."
ed.,
and
Pamplona, Colombia.
BANCO DE PAMPLONA
Pamplona, Colombia. Establecido en Pamplona, Departamento de Santander, Repblica de Colombia, en marzo de 1915, conforme con estatutos aprobados por el Poder Ejecutivo, segn escritura pblica nmero 93, otorgada ante el Notario Segundo del Circuito, registrada bajo el nmero 40. Su capital es de $100,000 oro, dividido en mil acciones
nominativas.
Principi sus operaciones con S5,000 y cuenta hoy con la mayor parte del cual procede de acciones vendidas.
Statutes approved
The Bank
40.
was incorporated by public act under number 93 and registered under number
Its capital stock, divided into 1000 shares, is of SIOO.OOO.
^ith
un
capital de
ms de
only S5,000.
SIOO.OOO,
Tiene cuentas corrientes con el Banco de Colombia, en Bogot, con el de la Mutualidad en Bucaramanga, con respetables casas de comercio de la localidad y del resto
del pas.
The bank has a current account with the Banco de Colombia in Bogot and with Colombia and abroad. The bank coUects drafts for
is
Se encarga del cobro de Letras del pas y del Exterior. Unas veces por endoso hecho por bancos y casas del pas, directamente en otras, ha llevado a cabo e^ reembolso de letras de las siguientes respetables firmas:
New
York, Irving National Bank, International Export Co., Dr. Ross Life
Co., Parke, Davis
Pilis,
New York, Irving National Bank, Davis & Lawrence, The Sydney Ross
Co. y otras.
J.
&
and
othera.
Co., Parke, Davis & Co., Dr. Becker Medicine Pars, Darrasse Frres, Le Vasseur & Ci., Comar & Ce. y otras. Barcelona, Jaime Brugarolas. Burdeos, Birkedal Harmann & Co. Yokohama.
Le Vasseur and
Ci.,
Gomar &
Ci.
Bourdeaux, Birkedal
Harmann &
Co.
Witkowski
&
Co.
Pamplona, Colombia.
544
Comerciantes
Merchants
which reason
It is
it is
preferred
consignments.
at
retail sales it
of national
articles for
merchandise depots,
for farmers,
mechanics,
the taste
of its articles
carefuUy
selected
satisfy
and needs
good
of its
numerous patrons.
of its
it
The reasonableness by
of its prices,
and
and devotion
which makes
atmosphere
of
will,
preferred
public of Pamplona.
%,
The
of this city,
own, besides, a
flour in
the regin of Northern Santander; and several farms, near the city, for the raising and
Casa importadora, exportadora y comisionista fundada en la ciudad de Pamplona en enero de 1913, en un espacioso, elegante y slido local, capaz para grandes depsitos, por lo cual es preferida por importantes firmas nacionales y extranjeras, para sus consignaciones. Est ventajosamente situada en la primera calle, al sur de la Plaza principal, N.-- 239 a 247. Tiene permanentemente para sus ventas al por mayor y al detal, un extenso, variado y selecto surtido de mercancas nacionales y extranjeras; artculos para bodegas, para agricultores, para obreros, para artistas, etc. La notable calidad de sus artculos cuidadosamente escogidos para satisfacer el gusto y las necesidades de su numerosa clientela la modicidad de sus precios, la cultura, actividad y consagracin de sus empleados, le han formado a esta Casa verdadera atmsfera de simpata, por lo cual es la preferida para sus compras por la culta sociedad pamplonesa y el pblico en
and
Pamplona, Colombla
general.
Los socios, Sres. Julio Hernndez y Ernesto Bautista, naturales de esta ciudad, poseen adems, particularmente, una empresa harinera ("Molino Oriental") que produce la harina ms solicitada en toda la comarca norte-santandefeana; fincas rurales para cebas, cras de ganados vacunos y caballares y agricultura, cercanas a esta ciudad.
Direccin telegrfica:
"HERBA."
Pamplona, Colombia.
la va nacional.
Property of
Don Antonio
known and
Daza; situated 12 kilometers from Pamplona on the highly reputed throughout Colombia.
Sin exageracin, podra decirse es en calidad la primera del pas, y segn manifestacin
Without exaggeration
it may be said that, so far as quality is concerned, it is the leading farm in the country, and several EngUsh tourists that went through it declared its pastures as good and beautiful as those of
Abundant water everywhere. A great variety of grasses and such foreign ones as wheat grass, brome grass and Ray grass, the latter being the only grass of its kind known in this
native,
regin.
cattle,
As an exceptional feature t may be stated that it raises Durham which has no rival in the market, and the animis of which
illustration
The
de unos viajeros ingleses que la cruzaron, estimaron sus prados tan buenos y bellos como los de Escocia e Inglaterra.
Abundantes aguas en
etc.,
todas
las
estaciones.
Sus
clases
de
como
triguillo,
bromo,
Como
En
el
hacienda
"La
Caldera,"
545
PAMPLONA, COLOMBIA
Fundado Julio
12,
PAMPLONA, COLOMBIA
FOUNDED JULY
12,
1916
1916
Jfi
Nmero
de
socios,
40
Number
of Members,
inagurada en
El
una cada
y 75
caballos de fuerza.
fsico
Un
alternador bivoltios,
Inaugurated in 1910 at a cost of The prime mover is a quintuple Pelton wheel, with an effective faU of 31 meters and capacity of 75 horsepower. It is provided with a two-phase 30S30,000.
de 30 kilovatios a 2200
un
and
125
volts.
The
distribution
is is
y 125 voltios.
metros de
la
La distribucin se hace en
que slo dista 1500,
ciudad.
la oficina generadora,
from the power plant, which only 1500 meters from the city.
effected
Pamplona, Colombia.
Pamplona, Colombia.
EDIFICIO
Comerciante, Comisionista. Pamplona, Colombia. Establecimiento mercantil en distintos ramos, en los cuales se encuentran: licores de todas clases y procedencias, drogas
patentadas, cristalera, ferretera, rancho, papelera y otros artculos para escritorio,
V.
merchant,
pinturas preparadas y secas, quincallera, dulces, galletas de todas clases, juguetes y muchos otros artculos extranjeros y del pas, indispensables en todo hogar.
Tiene salones de billar, de patines, para amenizar ratos de hasto, confortar el espritu y dar vigor al cuerpo. Empresa de automviles Overland. Solicita referencias, catlogos de las principales casas fabricantes exportadoras de Europa y Estados Unidos. Condiciones lo
dealing in kinds of liquors, glassware, hardware, canned goods, stationery, dry and wet paints, candies, all kinds of crackera, toys, and many domestic and foreign articles indispensable in every home. It has billiard parlors and skating rinks for the recreation and strengthening of botb body and mind. Overland Automobile Enterseveral articles, such as
all
Commercial establishment
medicines,
patent
prise.
ms
Catalogues of the principal manufacand exporting European and American firms requested. Most reasonable terms.
turing
liberales posibles.
M. M. CLAVIJO
Sucesor de Mantjel Clavijo e
Successor to
Manuel Clavijo
and
Cominis-
Hijo.
Oficina
and Son.
Impori,
Banking Office.
Export
bancaria.
Importacin,
exportacin
comisiones.
sion Business.
Pamplona, Colombia.
Agencia de la Compaa General de Seguros de Bogot, del Banco de Colombia, de la Compaa de
Agent
surance
for the
Colombia,
Light
Company,
etc., etc.
Alumbrado
Elctrico, etc.
giros bancarios sobre Pars,
Bank
Ge-
drafts
on
New York,
Paris,
New
Venta de York,
Londres,
Maracaibo,
etc.
Pamplona, Colombia.
546
"LA COPA
Establecimiento fundado en
1910.
el
DE ORO"
Established in 1910.
ao de
Permanente surtido de
mejores vinos
liquors of
aU kinds;
y de toda
servas
dulces
canned goods;
pre-
clase
de
licores.
Rancho.
alimenticias.
Gran variedad de
Cristalera,
galletas.
Ferretera,
escritorio.
glassware;
ery;
hardware;
Loza,
Quincalla,
Utes
de
books.
Catalogues
terms
Librera.
requested.
Commission
business.
Ramo
de Comisiones.
Alejandro
B.
Vega and
Bbother,
Propietarios:
1.^ Calle
Alejandro B. Vega
&
Hno.
Proprietors.
MILCADES PERALTA
Comerciante y Hacendado
Es dueo del Almacn del Da, situado en la Plaza principal de la ciudad de Pamplona.
Importa directamente toda clase de mercancas muy acreditadas de Francia, Espaa, Inglaterra y Estados Unidos.
de casas
Merchant
and Agriculturist
Owner
of
the
"Almacn
del Da,"
located on
and Amer-
Su
extra
especialidad es
vinos,
licores
de calidad
y a
Exporta el caf de su hacienda "El Porvenir." Vende ganado de sus fincas "Chichira" y "BalsaBella."
Solicita catlogos
BeUa."
Catalogues and business propositions relating to
his business requested.
negopios.
Apartado N."
Telfono
11.
3.
Direccin telegrfica:
"Milpeh."
Telephone: 11.
Pamplona, Colombia.
Pamplona, Colombia.
&
Ca.
This store, which has a large and select patronage,
guarantees the purity of
all
the articles
it
sells;
for
which
it
skillful
pharmacist
and who
is
well
of in this city.
Direct importation of
Gobierno para ejercer, y que es ventajosamente conocido en esta ciudad. Importacin directa de medicinas de las casas ms afamadas de Europa y Estados Unidos. Agencias de diversas especialidades alabadas por su completa eficacia. Surtido de drogas y de materias primas constantemente renovado, lo cual
permite satisfacer aun a los clientes Calle Real, N."^ 196 y 198.
famous European and American firms. Agents for various specialties, having received
ms
escrupulosos.
The stock and raw materials is constantly renewed, which makes it possible to satisfy the needs of the most fastidious customers. Calle Real, Nos. 196 and 198, Pamplona, Colombla.
high praise for their work in this Une.
of drugs
Telephone: 16.
J.
M.
Droguistas Importadores
Esta casa fu fundada en 1S90 y mantiene un extenso surtido de drogas y medicinas patentadas, directamente de las ms selectas casas francesas, y americanas. Sus principales y populares especiahdades son: Depurativo Universal, Jarabe Antirreumtico, Aceite elctrico, Vermfugo Vegetal, Digestivo Defresne, Laxativo Vegetal, Vino Tnico Reconstituyente, Jarabe San Jorge, Jarabe Santa Ana, Jarabe Grancher, Gotas Euppticas, Inyeccin Albargin, Jarabe Yodotnico-Fosfatado y Arsenical, Jarabe India, Jarabe Robn, Pildoras Antibiliosas, Pildoras contra Dengue, Pildoras Tropicales, Pildoras Elena, Pomada Lamua, Tribromuro, Pomada Virginia, Linimentol, Hierro-Marsyle, Neuralgina, ect. ect.
importadas
Estos productos han sido premiados con diploma de primera clase y medalla de plata en las Exposiciones del Tchira (Venezuela) en 1906, Santander, 1907, Diocesana del Centenario, 1910. Direccin telegrfica: "Leica."
Main
Pharmacy
Druggists
'HHPI^^P^flH
1
Importers
-^^a ^
This firm was founded in 1890 and keeps a large stock of drugs and patent medicines, all of which are directly imported from the best European and American concerns.
specialties: Universal Antirheumatic Syrup, Electric Gil, VegeVermifuge, Defresne Digestive, Vegetable Laxative, Tonic Invigorating Wine, St. George Syrup, Santa Ana Syrup, Grancher Syrup, Eupeptic Drops, Albargin Injection, lodotannic Phosphated and Arsenical Syrup, India Syrup, Robin Syrup, Antibilious Pilis, Influenza Pilis, Tropical Pilis, Elena Pilis, Lamus Ointment, Tribromide, Virginia Ointment, Linimentol, Marsyle Iron, Neuralgine,
Purifier.
1 '^^trfiTf?
fe
!
table
etc., etc.
silver
mttm '-^mm^^m^547
position, the
These products received a first class certifcate and medal at the Tchira (Venezuela) 1906 Ex1907 Santander Exposition, and the 1910 Diocesan Exposition.
Pamplona, Colombia.
Pamplona, Colombia.
Ca.
legtimas.
Clemente Montaez, es mdico de la Facultad de Colombia, con diplomas de las Universidades de Pars y Venezuela. Su Representante es farmaceuta titulado, con permiso del Gobierno del Estado para ejercer, y con catorce aos de
Su
propietario, Dr.
prctica.
la
plaza principa]
Pamplona, Colombia
P. O. address: Apartado No. 3
Apartado N.
5,
Pamplona, Colombia.
cervecera parra
&.
CO.'S
BREWERY
Fu establecida en la ciudad de Pamplona desde en ao de 1S81, siendo premiada en la Exposicin industrial de Santander el 7 de Agosto de 1SS7, con diploma de primera clase, por el gran Jurado de Calificacin de la Exposicin. Tambin fu premiada en esta ciudad en la Exposicin Diocesana del Centenario, el 20 de Julio de 1910.
Dicha cerveza est bien acreditada en los Departamentos Norte y Sur, preferible a cualquiera otra por ser bebida pm-a, digestiva, alimenticia y recomendada
ldicas
It
first-class certifcate.
Our beer is very much likedin the Department of Norte and Sur, and is preferred to all othere on account of its purity and its digestiva and nourishing qualities. It is recommended by prominent physicans to persona suffering from anemia, neuralgia or atomach disorders.
LUIS
Como propietario
de cerveza. El empleo de materiales de primera calidad y au esmerada elaboracin, hacen esta bebida agradable,
higinica
ofrece loa productoa de su fbrica
A.
ALVARADO
Offers tbe produets of bis brewery.
class materials
The
first-
and
make
it palatable, healthful
and
nourishing.
nutritiva.
Agent
the
for the
Agencia la Cigarrera "El Gran Tono" y la empresa harinera " LA PUREZA," establecidas en esta ciudad de propiedad del Sr. Antonio Alvarado.
Preferentemente atiende los pedidos que se le hagan, o muestras que se le soliciten, de las empresas que representa.
"La Pureza"
owned by
and
and best
references
given.
y
Industrial
buenas recomendaciones.
Solicita catlogos,
triales
terms requested.
y comerciales.
Pamplona, Colombu..
Pamplona, Colombia.
548
SALAZAR
Salazar est situada en
pie de la falda de
un
frtil,
sano y agradable
del
valle, al
Salazar
is
located in a
fertile,
healthful
un vigoroso contrafuerte
los
ramal oriental
Andes
de la Cordillera de
Andes,
which bifurcates at
Its
que
Garca
Rovira.
is
average
Su temperatura media
sin
de 22;
el
temperature
within
the
22 C.;however,
embargo, se encuentran en
boundaries of
the
much
lower as
como tambin y
calientes, lo
well
tures,
as
much
higher tempera-
que
le
cin exuberante
Su
industry
is
coffee raising,
the
average
production
being
mercados de Ccuta,
la capi-
Ccuta, the
Departamento, y otras en
and
and Bucarapita (a
manga.
It
also
raises
aunque en pequea
escala,
variety of smaller
great
sisal)
although on a
devotes
to
el fique,
y
la
scale,
and
cin
industria
pecuaria,
deal
of
energy
the
para, lo cual
which there
nat-
dehesas de pastos
naturales.
and
artificial grasses.
It
contains
a very beautiful
of
de
ms de 300
ca-
electric
Calle
plant
more
than
of
ballos
de fuerza
y con
la
cual
Real Main
Street
300 horsepower,
by means
Partial
View
of Salazar
549
da
alumbrado
elctrico
a todos
los
los
la
pueblos
de
la
which
it
Provincia de.Ccuta
y parte de
de
de Ricaurte.
some
lo general laboriosos
The
*>'
_J3G>?j*' js*ii
activos
el
maz,
el
and
active,
and they
mantenimiento
etc., all of
of the labor-
de
los jornaleros
que
se necesitan
para
el
La
ao
The
de 1554
se
las dos
primeras
The
city
was
really
them by the
destroyed
were
indios.
by the
la
Indians.
first
The
inhabitants of this
la parcialidad
de
los
"Cieras,"
tribu
de los
"Motilones."
En
existen
la conquista
they were
and even
are
still
today some
them
y aun hoy
las
algunos en
del
riberas
incultas
Cata-
Catatumbo
has
river.
The
rebuilt.
city
It
tumbo.
Hoy
est reedificada
been
entirely
dos
hermosos
templos, uno
antiguo de orden
churches, one of
order;
them
of
mixed
the
other,
modern,
and
of-
y comodidad que
moderna.
de
exige la poca
edificios
modern conveniences.
has
several
Tiene varios
The
ment
::;Jd!a
city
prvate
propiedad
particular,
que
la
The
government
of
the
550
colegio
de
Hermanas de
la
Hay adems un
se dictan clases
en donde
de labores manuales.
Tien^ un teatro de
for men and one for women, the by the Sisters of Charity; two central schools, one for boys and one for girls, and five rural schools. There is, besides, a prvate college for young ladies, where manual labor is taught; a theatre, which is the property of a prvate individual, and a beautiful foun-
Es cabecera
Salazar
is
Registro,
a vicarage.
fair,
y en
el
lo eclesistico es Vicara.
le
One
ha dado fama por
lo
of its institutions
is
a yearly
it
suntuoso
de sus
que atraen a
los
comerciantes y turistas de
famous on account of the large number of animis that are bought and sold, as well as of the magnificence of the festivals, which attract business men and tourists from all parts
of the republic.
It has a select society
una
inteligente juventud.
De
han
salido
and a very
the
intellectual set of
young
that
varios
al
Con-
men. have
It
is
many
public
men
greso
y a
las
Asambleas
Departamentales, y que
han
been
to
national
congress
and the
Plaza principal
Main Square
551
offices of
impor-
The
El aspecto de la localidad es en
se
The aspect
soil is
of the regin
is
generally picturesque.
The
traversed
by
las
vegas del
Hay
uno
uno
eclesistico
There are
ecclesiastical
civil,
otros de arco de
mam-
civil,
several metal
y quebradas, para garantizar el paso de los viajeros, y muchos campos de recreo a donde las familias se dirigen con frecuencia a pasar all ratos de recreo y de
solaz.
laxing comfort.
Two
la
Hay
curiosidad de la
la
sand Bollar")
cave,
culebras"
("Snake Stone").
resembling a great variety of snakes, formations which during certain periods of the year become remarkably distinct.
hacen ms
552
Iglesia
y su vecindario
Church
and Neighborhood
all
dems de
el
same
diocese,
was
built
by the
J.,
priest Dr. J.
N.
Zafra de
Salazar,
el
concurso de su de
Christian in-
eight
It is
years
of
of
constantes labores.
untiring labor.
strict
ogival construction,
fore
it
and there-
rean en
elegancia.
la
solidez
la
lidity It
and beauty.
consists
of
three
large
Consta de
ves
realzadas
aisles
surmounted by magnifiarches,
con
bellsimas
cent
to a Gothic altar.
The
ceiHngs
are
of
sheet
steel,
and were
their
mos
para
cielos
de acero laminado,
los
the
first
ones
in
of
kind
for
que fueron
los
primeros que
introduced
Colombia
templos se introdu-
ma-
cia admirable.
Its
elegant
fa^ade
is
sur-
Su
mounted
a rear
presbiterio se levanta.
presbyterium.
La obra ha
dlares
The
structure
has
been
hbiles ingenieros
en
250,000
los
li-
sin
embargo en
Nave
central de la iglesia
Center
an
Aisle of
expenditure
of
$40,000.
Church
553
Ha
la sa-
and
skillful
designs
worked out by
its
director,
and
to the willing-
y a
la
buena disposicin
del pueblo
la reali-
construction
pile.
of
the
magnificent
En
efecto,
el
Dr.
Zafra, fuera
amounts
bought
of
money
his
the
work,
with
compr de su
bolsillo
los
predios
own funds
abundance
ate,
lands
containing an
canteras,
el
carbonato de
los
cal,
i
good
clays, fuels
and
excellent
buenas
arcillas,
combus-
building timber.
tibies
He
also defrayed
las
ptimas maderas de
the expenses of a factory for the
construccin.
Hizo tambin
de
manufacture
of
the
materials
que necesitaba
su
as
way
accomplished
great
trmino.
economy.
This
is
a striking illustration of
for
el
progreso de
el
the
los pueblos,
se
la
pone en acto
civilizacin
the formula
in the
secreto
que
ha
which hands
civilization
has placed
of
man
is
armona de
las voluntades
la
and
Segundo Templo
efforts
directed
towards
Second Church
noble good.
554
Salazar Departamento Norte de Santander (Colombia) El seor Moiss Villamizar, tiene un establecimiento acreditado y del cual se surte numerosa clientela de pueblos comarcanos. Sus marcas son siempre preferidas y las renueva constantemente. Cuenta con local propio y tiene especialidades de artculos extranjeros Un gran trabajador, tiene un crdito bien consolidado y hace compras y ventas al por mayor y menor de caf, ramo que l maneja con especial competencia. Posee dos casas en la ciudad y tiene en las cercanas de la poblacin, en el Puente Real, una casa de teja para negocio y dos potreros para la cra de ganados. Por su carcter y laboriosidad es apreciado por todos y como pocos sabe manejar a sus numerosos clientes.
Mr. Villamizar has a great stuie which enjoys a well deserved ame.
His stock of merchandise, always renewed with great care,
preferred to
all ia
others
there
from
many
Mr. Villamizar
in the suburbs,
in
Owing
to his affability
and good
Timolen
Lpez
A.
Surtido renovado constantemente de drogas y medicinas puras, productos qumicos y farmacuticos, medicinas patentadas legtimas, especialidades, artculos de curacin, jeringas de varias clases, bragueros, termmetros clnicos, diversidad de ampolletas, artculos de escritorio, papeles diversos, tarjetas postales, loza, barnices, brochas de cerda, botones diversos, cepillos para dientes, cerveza, galletas, vinos diversos, conservas alimenticias, dulces y dems efectos de bodega, artculos de ferretera y mercaderas en general.
Renewed stock
icines,
of drugs,
patent med-
syringes.
cils,
paper,
pens, pen-
postcards.
Earthenware,
VarBeer,
nishes,
Biscuits,
Buttons,
Tooth brushes,
Wines,
Canned goods,
Candies,
Hardware,
Dry
of
goods.
medical
practice
30
years
of
Wholesale and
prices.
retail business.
Modrate
Precios
ms completas de
la
Repblica.
Maquinaria modern-
el
One of the most complete in the repubhc. Most modern machinery; raw materials which can compete in quahty with those of Sevres, and the abundance of which makes possible the low prices of the articles
manufactured.
manufacturas.
Direccin.
Bautista y Ramrez.
Direccin telegrfica:
"Barra."
Telegraph:
"Barre."
Codes:
A. B. C, Lieber.
Gonzalo Barroso B.
Merchant and Commission Agent. Local Agent of the Compaa Colombiana de Mutualidad, the Compaa Colombiana de Seguros and the Canadian Sun Life Co. Best of references on request. Salazar, North Santander.
Agente local de la Compaa Comisionista. Comerciante. Colombiana de Mutuahdad; de la Compaa Colombiana de Seguros y de la Compaa "El Sol del Canad."
Referencias a solicitud. Salazar (Norte de Santander, Colombia).
555
O C A A
El Mtmicipio de Ocafia tiene por cabecera la ciudad de Oeaa, que es tambin capital de la provincia de su nombre, integrada sta por diez distritos municipales, y pertenece al Departamento Norte de Santander. Ocaa es una de las ciudades ms antiguas de la Repblica de Colombia, pues su fundacin en el hermoso valle de los indios Hacaritamas, llevada a cabo por el Capitn Francisco Fernndez de Contreras, data desde 1575, despus de haber sido trasladada del Llano de Alcaldes, en donde fu primeramente fundada (1561 o 1571), Queda a 0 44' 57" de longitud al lugar donde hoy se encuentra. oriental del meridiano de Bogot, 8 19' 7" de latitud norte, y a 1180 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Temperatura 23 C. Tiene una extensin apro.ximada de 1 kilmetro 666 metro de norte a sur y de 1 kilmetro 400 metros de oriente a
occidente.
la templos: nueve Catedral (o de Santa Ana), Dulce Nombre, San Francisco, San Augustn. La Torcoroma, Santa Rita, San Antonio, Jess Cautivo y Capilla
the capital of the municipality as well as of the This provinoe consists of 10 municipal Ocaa is districts and belongs to the Department of Santander. one of the oldest cities in Colombia, having been founded in the beauticity of
The
Ocaa
is
Hacaritama Indians in 1575 by Captain Francisco Fernndez de Contreras, who transferred it from the Llano de Alcaldes, where it had been founded in 1561 or 1571. It lies in longitude 0 44' 57" east of the meridian of Bogot, latitude 8 19' 7" north,
ful valley of the
and at an elevation
average teman approximate length of 1666 meters from north to south, and a width of 1400 meters from east to west.
Its
perature is 23 C.
It has
There are
namely:
Ana,
in
Cuenta
the
and the churches of Dulce Nombre, San Francisco, San Agustn, La Torcoroma, Santa Rita, San Antonio, Jess Cautivo, and Capilla
del Hospital (Chapel of the Hospital)
del Hospital.
ciudad 14 calles y 3 plazas. La Plaza del 29 de Mayo contiene un cuadrado de anchos camellones enlosados y el bello Parque de Caro. Entre los edificios merecen mencionarse, ya por la elegancia de su construccin, ora por su mrito histrico: la Casa Municipal, la Casa Cural (que se habilita de Palacio Episcopal durante la Catedral residencia transitoria de los Obispos de Santa Marta); el Hospital de Santa Ana, la Casa de Jcome Niz & Ca, sita en la Calle del Comercio, y el Convento y Celdas de San Francisco. En esta iglesia, cuyas reparaciones en nada han afectado el histrico recinto, se reuni el 9 de abril de 1828 la Gran Convencin, en la cual los pueblos, el Congreso de 1827 y el Libertador creyeron encontrar remedio a los males que agobiaban a Colombia la Grande, mediante la reforma de la Constitucin de 1821. Ocaa es la patria de hombres notables: .Jos Eusebio Caro, poeta y repblico de fama continental; ,Jos C. Lobo Jcome y Jess Mara Quintero, distinguidos jurisconsultos; y Pedro Quintero Jcome, experto militar. Un club, tres establecimientos de juegos, muchos almacenes, varias
Ostenta
la
There are fourteen streets and The Square of the Twenty-ninth of May is surrounded by beautiful well-paved drives, and coutains a park, caUed Caro Park. Among the most important budings, whether from the point of view of art or from that of historical valu, Cathedral the following may be mentioned: the town hall; the Parish House, which serves as episcopal palace during the visits of the bishops of Santa Marta; the Santa Ana hospital; the house of Jcome Niz & Co., located on Calle del Comercio, and the Convent of San Francisco. In this convent, which has been repaired without affecting its historical valu, the Great Convention met on April 9, 1828, in which the people, the Congress of 1827 and the Liberator hoped to find a remedy, by a reform of the Constitution of 1821, to the evils that then afflicted the Great Republic of Colombia (Gran RepbUca de Colombia). Ocaa is the birthplace of severa! prominent men, among them: Jos Eiisebio Caro, a poet and political leader of continental reputation; Jos C. Lobo Jcome and Jess Mara Quintero, distinguished lawyers; and Pedro Quintero Jcome, an expert mihtary man.
three squares.
Plaza del 29 de
Mayo y
Calle del
Street
556
occupy themselves
del comercio.
En el ramo de instruccin pblica el municipio, que tiene hoy una poblacin de cerca de 20,000 almas, y que all por los aos de 1828 a 1830 contaba slo una escuela elemental, ha progresado considerabledos colegios de enseanza secundaria, una mente. Hoy existen: escuela primaria central de varones; una escuela de nias, cuatro escuelas de barrios, y cuatro rurales alternadas, una de tejidos, una de artes
y
oficios
inhabitants are fond of social iatercourse and sports, and There in industrial and commercial undertakings. is a club, three game associations, several dry-goods and other stores; carpentry, harness, tailor, blacksmith, tinsmith and other shops; shoe, fiber-sandal, canned-goods, brick, soap, and other factories; two miUs, five printeries, and a textile school. The population of the municipality is today about 20,000 inhabitants. Public instruotion has progressed very rapidly. In 1S30
The
mary
school, while
y una
es-
mary
boys,
girls,
school
for
cuela nocturna.
a school for
eightsuburban
rural schools, a
of
textiles,
and
one
school
of
carreteras
frreas;
el
vas
trades,
school.
The
oity
lacks
de que pueda gozar mientras cualquiera Casa MunicipalMunicipal Building ^ ]^ dos grandes empresas que el Gobierno Nacional se promete realizar en esta rica regin (la carretera y el ferrocarril de Ccuta al Magdalena, pasando por Ocaa), abre fcil paso a la introduccin de las materias primas y de las maquinarias necesarias al montaje de fbricas y a la explotacin de la variedad de productos que la vegetacin y el subsuelo brindan a la actividad del hombre. El caf es el principal artculo que la produccin agrcola ofrece a la exportacin. sta se hace para Norte Amrica y Europa, lo mismo que la de los cueros. Las extensas montaas y la multitud de plantas medicinales que encierra la circunscripcin municipal, contienen otra fuente de produccin exportable que buenas vas de comunicacin podran abrir al comercio del mundo. Entre las maderas de tinte que aqu se encuentran, mencionaremos: ail, dividivi, achiote, yopo, sangre de drago, brasil, campeche, uvilla, azafrn, etc. Entre las maderas de construccin: caoba, cedro, ceiba, pio blanco, laurel, comino, nogal, eucalipto, guayacn, granadiUo, moral, roble, cerezo, diomato, morera, naumo, tanan, enseniUo, mantequlo, macana, Entre las resinas y blsamos: fraejn (que da la corazn de arco. trementina), mamey, ciruelo, laurel, ricino, estoraque, caucho, gaque, otoba, caraa, copaiba (o oanime). Entre las plantas medicinales:
el ans, la albahaca, la artemisa, la borraja, el bledo, la belladona, la
manufacturing inCarretera en construccin Wagn Road 1^^ building dustries, owi n g mainly to want of wagn roads and railroads. At present the municipality depends for its weKare on agricultural pursuits, and anxiously awaits the time when the wagn road and raroad connecting Ccuta with the Magdalena by way of Ocaa roads which the national govermnent intends to complete before long shall make it possible to introduce the raw material and machinery necessary
for the installation of factories and the exploitation of the vegetable and mineral producs of the soil. Coffee is the principal agricultural product exported. It is shipped to North America and Europe,
sent.
There are within the limits of the municipality a great many valuable woods and medicinal plants that could be profitably exported, were there adequate ways of transportation. Among the dyewoods may be mentioned: ndigo, dividivi, arnotto tree, yopo, sangre de drago, Brazil wood, logwood, uuilla, saffron. Among the building woods, the foUowing may be mentioned: mahogany, cedar,
ceiba, white pine, laurel, comino, cherry, walnut, eucalyptus,
vita3,
hgnum
raicla,
ebony, black mulberry, oak, diomato, white mulberry, Among naumo, tanan, ensenillo, mantequlo, macana, corazn de arco. the resins and balsams: frailein (a turpentme-producmg plant), mammee, pkun, laurel, castor-oil plant, storax tree, rubber, gaque, nutmeg, caranna, copaiba. Among medicinal plants: anise, sweet basil, mug-wort, borage, wild amaranth, belladonna, ipecae, waterred
cress,
notables ingenieros extranjeros han estudiado el subsuelo de y en la mayor parte de los pueblos han podido observar la abundancia de minerales que lo enriquece. Los parajes de Fepote, Guayabito, Venadlo, Palmita, La Quinta,
Anque hgeramente,
cinchona, cuparina,
etc.
cassia fstula,
maiden-
la provincia,
hair
geranium,
pomegranate,
Salobre, Hatlo y Estancita, ostentan buenas minas de oro, plata, cobre, plomo, talco y otros metales. Hace ms de un ao que entre manifestaciones de gran regocijo se
Several prominent foreign engineers have made a superficial study and nearly everywhere have found abundance of valuable mmeral formations. At the places known as FeUpote, Guayabito, VenadiUo, Palmita, La Quinta, Salobre, Hatillo and Estancita, there are good gold, silver, copper, lead, talcum and other deposits.
of the so,
inauguraron los trabajos de la construccin de la carretera, que habr de unir esta ciudad con el ro Magdalena; y si los esfuerzos de los Gobiernos Nacional y Departamental se aunan para llevarla a feliz trmino, Ocaa, cuya situacin geogrfica es envidiable, llegar a ser una de las poblaciones ms atrayentes de la repbHca.
More than a year ago was begun the construction of the wagn road which is to connect the city with the Magdalena river. If the national and departmental governments oo-operate to carry this work to completion, Ocaa, whose geographical position is excellent, will become one of the most important cities in the repubhc.
La Presentacin CoUege
557
Central
L.i
Guaduas Brook
Esta sociedad colectiva de comercio fu constituida en 23 de Junio de 1S99 como suoesora de la antigua firma de Jos D. Joome & Hno., cuyos negocios venan organizados desde el ao de 1S70. Se ocupa en negocios en general y hoy ha alcanzado amplio desarrollo, siendo sus ramos principales: Haciendas de pastos; Cra } ceba de ganados; Exportacin de cueros, caf, pieles de cabra y tagua; Transportes en los ros Lebrija y Magdalena; Operaciones de Banca y Comisiones. Haciendas. Son propietarios de varias haciendas de pastos, entre las cuales figura en primer lugar la denominada ''jNIosquitos, " cuyo plano se reproduce en este mismo lugar, con algunas vistas de la hacienda. Tiene una extensin de 16,000 hectreas, en magnficos terrenos; est situada sobre el ro Magdalena, en la desembocadui'a del Lebrija, y cuenta con pastos artificiales de para, guinea y yaragu, abundantes aguas y una capacidad para cebar anualmente hasta 10,000 reses. En la misma hacienda hay muy buenas sabanas de pastos natiu'ales para la cra ^ y desarroUo de 4000 cabezas de ganado
\-acuno, as
^
This commercial partnership was organized June 23, 1S99, as a successor to the od firm of Jos D. Jcome & Hno., which had been doing business since 1S70. It does general business and today has attained great development, its principal specialties being cattle ranches, raising and fattening of cattle, exportation of cofFee, ivory nuts and cattle and goat hides; transportation on the Lebrija and Magdalena rivers: banking operations, and commission business. Cattle Ranches. The firm owns several cattle ranches. The prmcipal one is ''Mosquitos," a map of whicli is here shown, together with several views in it. It has a surface of 16,000 hektares, of excellent land. It is loeated on the ^agdalena river, at the mouth of the Lebrija, and contains para, guinea and yaragu artificial grasses, an abundance of water, and a capacity for fattenmg 10,000 head of cattle every year. Withiu the same ranch, there are plains of very good natural grasses for the raising of 4000 heails of cattle, as well as extensive water fronts for the dry season.
Cattle Raising.
is the principal business of the firm.
como
ex-
This
It
Gan.adeea.
ste
has
its
own pasture
-'A'-/*'
out the business and has also all the conveniences for the pm'chase
fields for carrj'ing
and
para la compra y venta de grandes cantidades de ganados gordos, que realiza Casa de la Hacienda Maia Farm House en los mercados de Ocaa, Ccuta, SalaEn esta ltima poblacin tiene un zar, Bucaramanga y Rionegro (S.). edificio propio para expendio de carnes, que rene todas las condiciones modernas de higiene. Exportacin. El contacto permanente con los compradores de ganado facilita a la Casa el poder recoger gran cantidad de cueros, de manera que la entrada de este artculo es considerable. Tambin la exportacin de caf, pieles de cabra y tagua la hace en buena escala. Transportes. La Casa es la mayor accionista de la Compaa de Navegacin del Lebrija, empresa consolidada, de la cual se inserta una resea en este libro. Banca r Comisiones. Aparte de los anteriores negocios, la Casa tiene establecido un ramo encargado de venta y compra de giros sobre el exterior, venta de rdenes telegrficas, cobro de letras }' recibo de depsitos en oro americano a trmino fijo. Tambin acepta representaciones extranjeras y se encarga de comisiones bajo arreglos especiales. Referencias en Nueva York: The National City Bank, G. Amsinck & Co., Inc., R. G. Dun & Co.
of
manga and
In
the
Rionegrii.
latter
town
Plano de "Mosquitos"
Plan of
"Mosquitos"
all the modern sanitary features. constaut relations with cattle dealers enables the firm to collect large quantities of hides, and so its trade in this article is very considerable. It also exports on a comparativelj' large scale coffee, goat hides and and ivory nuts. Transport.tion. The firm is the largest stock holder in the Lebrija Navigation Company, a consohdated company of which a sketch is given in this book. B.^NKJNG AND co.MMissioN. In addition to the above businesses, the firm has a department for the sale and purehase of foreign drafts, the sale of telegraph money orders, the collection of drafts and the receiving It accepts foreign of deposits in American gold for definite periods. representations and does commission business. New York References; National City Bank, G. Amsinck & Company, Inc., and R. G. Dun & Co.
ExpORTS.
Telegraph:
Ganado Herdford
Herdford Cattle
558
UJUETA HERMANOS
OcAA, Santander del Norte, Colombia
Sociedad colectiva establecida en Ocaa en 1907 por sus actuales socios seores Manuel
Dr. Antonio Ujueta.
J.
el
ao de
Partnership
company founded
Manuel
in
J.
Ocaa
in
1907 by
its
Ujueta y
Ujueta.
taguas,
Exportan
caf.
pieles de res,
blsamo de copaiba y
and
coffee;
all
kinds,
and
Importan toda
clase
de mercancas extranjeras y
farm
of
"Romn"
is
Su hacienda
Sur,
"ROMN"
del
es
ment
river,
Departamento
que
Magdalena, Colombia; a
los
which
navigable
by
all
Magdalena steamboats;
ro Lebrija,
navegable por
(lagoon)
Doa Mara,
(brooks),
the
"La
is
de
la
la
"Quebrada de
Raya"
este
Raya"
and
"Tisquirama"
quebradas
and
y de
traversed
It
has
facilities
5000 hektares.
Its
las cuales
and
2000
are
savannas
with
very
nutritious
natural
muy nutritivos. Tiene playones donde crecen muy nutritivos y abundantes para sostenimiento de
la estacin seca. lo
el
pastures.
On
abundance
may
ganados en
de
Todas
"ROMN"
Posee
make "Romn" an
It
cra
y ceba de
spot for the rearing and fattening of cattle.
best port, "Barranca del Lebrija," on the
ganados.
Lebrija, llamado
owns the
the
"Barranca
Magdalena
Lebrija;
y a once de Ocaa,
port
is
con vehculos
make
it
when
now
being built
finished.
The vast
lignum
mahogany,
cedar,
y muchas
otras
maderas preciosas
e invitae,
carob,
useful woods;
ivory
ao;
about
que
sisal,
and
en aceites varios.
a great variety of
seeds
trees,
and nuts
estte
The
1704, pero en tal ao se dio "ttulo
al
is
is
Fu fundada antes de
It
was founded
in
Don
propiedad de
los
ttulos
respectivos
estn
reconocidos
por
la
nacin
The
and
is
title
down
to this
Colombiana,
recognized
by Colombia,
as
shown by documents
pietarios actuales.
559
l.iBEO
"fwwfr'
Owner,
Si.xto
Carvajalino. (Telegrams:
city,
"Carlui.")
Especially adapted to the raising of mules and breed horses for the
saddle.
It has four
Garan
known
in the country,
a breed horse of the Andalusian breed and a most select breed of mares.
mules
for burden.
Orders attended
Ocaa,
Propietario,
SIXTO CARVAJALINO
la
(Telgrafo:
"CARLUI")
Ccuta y Bucaramanga, con una extensin de 6000 hectreas, un clima medio de 20 grados, con potreros artificiales de pastos, Para, Yaragu
naturales.
Dedicada especialmente a
la cra
de muas y caballos de
lo
raza para
se conoce
silla.
mejor que
en
el pas,
un
y una yeguada
seleccionada.
la
la carga.
E.
POSADA
Pharmact
Direccin por telgrafo: "REPOSADA," Ocaa. Este acreditado y bien surtido establecimiento, del cual soy nico propietario, fu establecido en el ao de 189G, y desde esta fecha he tenido por base principal surtirlo directamente de las ms acreditadas y respetables casas de Francia, Inglaterra y Estados Unidos; asimismo, slo uso para la venta y despacho de frmulas, vinos y coac importados directamente de Espaa; siendo Agente de la casa de los seores Hijos de Antonio de Torres S. en C. de Mlaga, y del seor Edmundo
Grant, puerto de Santa Mara. Tengo anexado al negocio dicho, el de ptica, permufera, ferretera, sepillera, confitera, artculos de goma, y de goma y algodn, como tirantes, ligas, cinturones, fajas abdominales umbilicales, artculos de cuero, como bragueros, carteras, etc Este establecimiento est situado en la calle del Comercio y en local de mi propiedad; todo despacho est vigilado por m y con especialidad el de frmulas, para cuya competencia me basta la prctica de 25 aos.
I am the only owner, was and from that time it has had as its poHcy to import articles At the same time I only use from the best English, United States and French houses. for sale and prescriptions wines and brandy directly imported from Spain, whose agents are Seores Hijos de Antonio de Torres S. and Mr. Edmund Grant in the Port of Santa Mara. I have elose by another store of spectacles, perfumery, hardware, confectionery, India rubber articles, cotton, braces, garters, belts, abdominal belts, leather articles, with trusses and pocket-books, etc., etc.
This establishment
is
is
and
in a
locality that
my own
property:
I
all
business
is
fitness of
which
am
qualified
by an experience
Telegrams:
"Reposada,"
Ocaa.
SrM
S^
560
DOCTOR EMILIO
Mdico y Cirujano de la Facultad de Bogot, Treinta aos de prctica en el ejercicio de su
profesin.
A.
ESCOBAR
R.
Physician and Surgeon of the University of Bogot
Especialidades:
Obstetricia,
Ginecologa
Ex-
enfermedades tropicales. Ex-Gobernador del antiguo Departamento del Tolima. Senador y General de la Repblica. Naci en Envigado, Departamento de Antioquia, el 25 de Agosto de 1861. Ejerce, actualmente, su profesin en Ocaa, Departamento Norte de Santander, en donde tiene la "Farmacia Medelln," para la cual importa drogas, medicinas de patente y otros artculos, de Francia, Alemania, Inglaterra. Espaa y Estados Unidos. Al cambiar de domicilio avisar su residencia a
las casas comerciales.
He was born
in Envigado,
Department
of Antioquia, the
He now
ment
of
is
owner
of the
"Farmacia Medelln,"
England,
Spain
and
the
United States.
On
will
T.
ClA.
Importers of
all classes of
merchandise, especially
fantasa.
Exportadores de Caf, Cueros, Taguas, etc. Propietarios de terrenos con ttulos perfectamente saneados, de una extensin de 80,000 hectreas, situados en la regin reconocida como petrolfera de los Valles de Lebrija y Magdalena, con bosques de maderas finas, taguales, raicilla, profusin de aguas corrientes, propiaa para toda clase de cultivos y especialmente adecuados para la cra y desarrollo de ganados.
Telgrafo:
Exporters of
of lands with
coffee, hides
and tagua,
Owners
good
title
known
as
Magdalena, with
of
classes of
farming and
"Rocaniz."
of
Colombia,
S.
A.
At present
Con capacidad
Planta elctrica
Se dan
and 600
seats.
y 600
asientos de gradas.
own
electric
plant.
Simplex
cinematographic
apparatus.
ellas.
Relacionado con
los
el
Kine Path
of
Ccuta
is
of Messrs. A.
Seores A. Berti
Berti
&
Ca.
El
Kine Pacheco
ciudad que
las cintas,
ftilly
por
lo escogido
de
instruction.
y grandes enseanzas.
DR.
g!'; S<gi^
HENRIQUE HAAYEN
W
de
.
'*:
li
Universit
'-II
Lausanne
Physician and Specialist in tropical
Mdico
medades
i:
JCvijiici...
.,,...
,-f5^,.,(..
Residencia;
diseases.
Address:
Ocaa,
Co-
ociiiiw
lN
,Mi-;i)i-:i;i\ri
561
Ocaa.
Tele-
Romano.
Romano.
Monte Lbano (Siria); casa fundada en al ao de 1904. Compran y venden mercancas extranjeras y del pas, por mayor y al detal.
Naturales del
Natives of
lished in
Mount Lebanon,
Syria.
House estab-
1904
Compran y venden ganado de crfa y ceba y cuentan con una hacienda de su propiedad nombrada "Los
.
buy and
are
Obispos," situada en
el
Departamento de Bolvar.
Obispos,
Gamarra. a orillas del rio Magdalena, a una milla de suficientes pastos artificiales e inmensos playones
con
de capacidad para
situated in the
of the
Department
of Bolvar,
on the margin
of
river
Magdalena, at a distance
one mile
Tres Mil
caf
reses.
Compran y venden
y taguas.
crdito.
mense shores
of cattle.
for
upwards
of three
thousand head
Ocaa.
Drug
Store
of
Juan E. Carvajalino.
Ocaa,
North
Santander.
La ms antigua de la localidad. Cuenta con un surtido permanente y renovado de drogas y medicinas de primera calidad, las que importa directamente.
Despacho esmerado de frmulas por un empleado competente y de gran prctica en el ramo.
Depsito de
las
The
Careful
preparation
of
formulas
is
by an experienced
Bogot; of the
There
Francisco
and Co.
of
de las famosas pildoras "Ginecolgicas" y "Bayoni" del doctor Margarlo QuinJavier Cajiao y Ca. de Bogot;
tero
J-
famous
pills
Magario Quintero
Adems tiene para la venta barnices, pinturas, sapoliues, creolinaa y muchos otros artculos de uso diario.
Ventas por mayor y menor.
Precios mdicos.
He many
Wholesale and
Fair prices.
N. N.
Comerciantes. Comisionistas.
SAGRA
General and Commission Merchants,
Oceaa,
Ocaa.
Repblica de Colombia.
Telegramas:
los socios
Republic of Colombia.
Telegrams: "Enesagra."
La
clase
Ottoman
subjects.
The house
sells
all classes of
pas,
como
They
Ofrecen sus servicios en los ramos indicados, al comercio del pas, y especialmente al de la Costa
above
named goods
to
the
country,
especiatly
Atlntica, cuyos intereses tendrn su mejor atencin, pues con todo inters servirn a los clientes que a bien tengan ocuparlos.
Sus comisiones sern las ms mdicas y se suplirn a quien las solicite.
^fi^iTf
to those
employ them.
be furnished on request.
ANTONIO ACOSTA
Comerciante, importador y exportador. Ocaa, Colombia. Telgrafo: " Acosta." Casa fundada
Q.
Export
and import
merchant,
Ocaa.
Co-
en 1903.
ha encargado de la Este exportacin de caf y pieles y de la importacin y venta al por mayor y por menor de lo siguiente:
establecimiento
se
:i'^
lombia.
in
Telegrams: "Acosta."
House
founded
1903.
of the
exporation of
retail
clases;
licores
y
importation
the
following
espaoles,
francesees
harina,
americanos;
arroz,
goods:
Spanish,
jabones,
artculos
azcar,
peltre
otros
americanos;
especialidad
en
tiles
artculos de lujo
y variedades.
la plaza.
goods of every
olass,
Actualmente es Agente de las fbricas de calzado de los seores Espriella Hermanos, de Cartagena y Barranquilla.
required
market.
5(j2
LA MASCOTA
Propietarios,
Julio
C.
Established in 101^.
wines, lirpiors
of
and meats.
tlio
Twenty-ninth
Fundada en
tiihlff:inii(_'nto
lifrniiii
1913.
Es-
idos,
d(
May
Park.
Ampie
careful
service,
comfort,
and
respectful waiters.
ciLiitiii
billiard roums,
for ptiker.
Especial noc-
y niiirhd.
riiniclin
J';iniut-d(!l
Situada en
orif-ntul
del
"29deMayo,"
rom
distilleries,
vun lueal propio, amplios departamentos, servicio esmerado, confort y buen tratu para su elientela. Cuenta eon modernas y elesantes mesas de billar y reservados para poker. Presta especial servicio
winc
morcliants and
eannii;
factories.
establishment there
mercial ajcney for
all
a com-
classes of
joods.
como
turno.
restaurante
Solicita
noc-
ofertas
American
and
nativo
de las casas productoras de licores y rancho. Adjunto al mismo establecimiento existe una agencia comercial de toda clase
rticul'
h^^
Founded
in
L^A
j/iii.i^>'-;
A,
&
caballar.
HOTEL CENTRAL
OCAA
Fundado on
ol
ao de 1002.
1912.
plaza principal, en la
es el
tablishincnt,
situated
hundred
yards
San Luis,
mejor,
el
ma
eloRanto
Ofrece:
San Luis,
is
and
su.sLanciosa alimentacin,
confort
ma
delicioso en
claros
s\ia
and
well
in
y ventilados.
greatest
eomfort
well
ventilat<d
witliin
rooms.
reaoh of
Modrate
all
eharnes,
the
eustomers.
Modesta Q. de Urquijo.
FLIX CHAMIE
Comerciante. Ocaa, Santander, Colombia.
Naci
el
seor Flix
Chamib en
la
la
ciudad de Damasco
(Siria).
is
He hasbeen
Norte de Santander, en
la
Department
He
is
owner
por
muyur y menor,
ilc lo
He
is
large scale;
citios
al
mismo tiempo
sells
of
of
compra y vende giros sobre las principales plazas do Colombia. Exporta caf6, cueros de res, taguas, en grande abundancia.
Por su condiciones especiales
ea
Colombia.
tities.
Exports
coffee, hides
in great
quan-
He
is
much esteemed
for his
good
qualitiea,
and
his irm s
moat
highly reputed.
JOS
Importacin, Exportacin, Comisin.
S.
BAYONA
A
Importer and
Exporter,
Casa eatablecida
Commission Agent.
House
founded
in 1912.
Jobayona."
Telegrama:
"Jobayona."
silk
Camisas americanas y
goods.
ahirts.
Lienzos,
Mas,
Cobertores,
Crespones,
Raaetes,
and underwear.
Lamparitaa
elctricas,
Mquinas de
afeitar,
"Auto-Strop
towels,
counterpanes,
cravats,
batistea,
crpo,
Galletas
finas,
Jabtmes,
iatineta, chintz,
Vinoa,
Licores,
Ferretera,
Libros
ditliieticoa,
fulper,
machines
for
de
escritorio.
Tarjetas
postales,
Libros
msticos,
oficios.
grimling Indian corn, pulp tola for coffee, tinned biscuits, soap, perfumes, wines, liquors, hardware, didactical books,
novela, periodicals of fashions
Almacn:
Calle
Real.
N."^
210-212.
and manuals
of arta
and trade.
563
JOS ESPER
Almacn de Mercancas
Su dueo D. Jos Esper naci en el Monte Lbano en la (Siria) y hace 16 aos que vive radicado
Repblica de Colombia.
Dry-Goods Store
The owner. Seor Jos Esper,
is
a native of
Mount
un
Merced a su trabajo y laboriosidad ha hecho capital y su crdito est bien cimentado. Con-
Owing
He was
married in
matrimonio con la Sra. Sara de Esper, de cuyo matrimonio tiene un hijo llamado Miguel, el cual se dedica tambin al comercio.
trajo en su pas natal
his
own country
to
Madam
comisionista y exportador de caf en gran Compra y vende giros sobre el interior y escala.
Es
employs himself
in trade.
exterior.
Oc.\r5A, Colombia.
Ocaa.
SALOMN ESPER
Comerciante,
Comisionista,
Importador,
Ex-
Importer
Telgrafo: "SALESPER." portador. Ocaa. Este acreditado comerciante, uaci en el MonteLbano (Siria) y vive en Colombia hace diez aos.
and Exporter.
Ocaa.
Telegrama; "Salesper."
is
a native of
Mount
Un.a labor constante y con honradez lo han colocado en un puesto aventajado entre los comerciantes de la localidad. Adems de su comercio, bien surtido de mercancas, posee una hermosa casa particular, de su propiedad.
is
owner
of a fine
mansin.
He
exports cofee in
nuts, he
Exporta caf en gran cantidad, cueros, y tagua: compra y vende giros permanentemente. Su crdito es extraordinario y goza de muchas simpatas en la ciudad.
and ivory
buys and
has high
permanently
bilis of
exchange.
He
credit
and
is
very
much
ZUREK HERMANOS
Comisionistas, Comerciantes, Exportadores. Ocaa.
Importadores,
and
exporters.
Telegrams:
"Zurek." A. B. C.
retail.
Por
telgrafo:
ZUREK.
Cdigos A. B.
C.
4"
Established in 1901.
5" edicin.
Establecidos en 1901.
Venden
mercancas por
Exportan caf y tagua y son dueos de dos haciendas. Tienen negocio de ganado La hacienda "Buenos vacuno, cras y cebas. Aires," situada a la orilla del ro Magdalena, Departamento de Bolvar, dista de Puerto Nacional nueve kilmetros: cuentan sus grandes potreros con suficientes pastos y aguas y con inmensos y ricos playones. La hacienda "La Loma," situada en el camino nacional, va Gamarra, tiene pastos ar-
mayor y
al detal.
and ivory nuts and are owners of two estates. They have stock farras. The estte "Buenos Aires," situated on the banks of the river Magdalena, Department of Bolvar, is 9 kometers distant
coffee
Their large fields have water with immense and rich shores. The estte "La Loma", situated on the National Road via Gamarra, has foreign pastures
abundant
grass, plenty of
and savannas
sell bilis f
fit
tificiales
la cra.
Venden
exchange.
Ocaa.
MIGUEL ESPER
Almacn de mercancas, Ocaa.
Naci este acreditado comerciante en Monte Lbano (Siria) y hace 16 aos que est radicado en Colombia.
Dry-Goods
Store, Ocaa.
is
a native of
Mount Lebanon
16
years in Colombia.
He
Debido a su actividad y crdito,, ha logrado en poco tiempo hacer una fortuna apreciable.
extranjeras.
make
y vende permanentemente mercancas Compra adems, y en grandes cantidades, Tiene caf, sosteniendo siempre un buen depsito. asimismo compra y venta de giros sobre las principales
ciudades colombianas.
Compra
owing to
his industry
and
credit.
and maintains a
buys and
of
sells bilis of
Colombia.
Su trato y amor
simpatas.
al
trabajo
le
564
R.
VERJEL
L.
E HIJOS R. VERJEL
L.
& SONS
House established by Ramn Vergel
city in the year 1907.
L., at
Casa fundada por Ramn Verjel L. en la Cruz, en 1880, bajo su nombre y trasladada a esta ciudad en 1907. Comerciantes y Agricultores. Sucursales en Teorama y la Cruz. Negocian en todos los ramos del comercio. Poseen cuatro haciendas en Teorama, cultivadas de caf y caa dulce, y dos en la Cruz, con potreros y ganados. Propietarios de parte de los terrenos de "Sabana-Alta" y "Santa Ins, " que contienen minas de petrleo y aguas termales sulfurosas. Aceptan propuestas para la explotacin de estas minas.
Estn en facilidad de atender a toda
comisiones,
Ocafia.
clase
La
de
Merchants and farmers. Branch houaes at Teorama and La Cruz. They do business n all branches of commerce. They are owners of four estates in Teorama planted with coffee and sugar cae, and two at La Cruz with fields for cattle. Owners of part of the lands of "Sabana Alta" and "Santa Ins", which contain petroleum fields and mineral suplhurous waters. They accept offers for working these mines. They are able to attend to all classes of commission
business.
Ocafia.
Telegraph: Vergeles.
ALMACN
Sucesor de
DE ISAAC
GARClA PADILLA
SUCCESSOR OP
M.
Garca
Padilla's
in
Sons
Ocaa,
crner.
House founded
Principal
1888,
Square,
of
North
Gran
tera,
Great
assortment
merchandise,
rancho y
Atiende preferentemente
ramo
Imde
especial attention to
ness.
commission busiof
Correspondent
various
bancos del
portador.
res.
pas.
Exportador.
caf
Compra
pieles
Buys
and
hides.
Direccin telegrfica
Carmela.
Telegrams: "Carmela."
EL T R^A P
Ocaa, Norte de Santander, Colombia.
Finca del seor Jos del C. Jcome Nez, situada a cinco kilmetros de esta ciudad, en la va nacional para ei interior de la Repbhca. Lechera bien atendida, de acuerdo con la Higiene. Surte la poblacin. Extensos potreros de pastos escogidos, con abundantes aguas. Produccin de panela permanente. Cafetales. Labranzas de verduras y dems laborea agrcolas, con treinta colonos. Sucursal de la hacienda de "Paranillo," donde se producen loa mejores ejemplares en industria pecuaria del Departamento. Con una extensin de cinco kilmetros cuadrados. Su propietario
CHE
"
Property of Seor Jos del C. Jcome Nez, situated five kilometers from the cty of Ocaa,
cleanliness.
of
It
supplies
town.
Large
fieds
carefuUy
of
selected pastures,
brown sugar
tations.
{panela) permanently.
Coffee plan-
features.
Vegetable gardena and other agricultural with thirty tenants. Branch farm "Paranillo" where the best breeds of cattle are
the
extent.
produced in
in
vende
compra
permanentemente
bestias
ganados.
Department; five kilometers owner buys and sells permanently horses, mules and cattle. Ocaa, North Santander, Colombia.
The
IDEAS
.5.!?^5
565
DAMASCO
--
M
-m
1
^
\
'^
'^'
fe?^1*1^
Vr
L1
Caf, Cueros, Taguas, etc.
Salomn M. Sabbagh
Hacienda propiedad de los seores SALOJIN Y ABDALLAH SABBAGH. Los seores SABBAGH nacieron en DA^ASCO (Siria);' acumularon su gran fortuna en Ocaa (Repblica de Colombia), en donde han vdvido por espacio de doce
aos, dedicados a diversos negocios de importacin y esporticin, especialmente en
Abdallah Sabbagh.
Salomn and Abdallah Sabbagh. Messrs. Sabbagh Thcy madc a great fortune in Ocaa (Republic of Colombia) where they have lived for twclvc years, employed in various businesses of They buy and importation and cxportation, especially coffee, hides, tagua, etc. They have also extended their capital considerably sell bilis of exchange permanently.
This estte
is
the property of
are natives of
Damascus
(Syria).
Compra y venta de giros permanenteraent*. Adems han ensanchado su capital dando pinges ganancias con dinero a
inters.
Debido a sus grandes energas, han fundando a orillas del caudaloso ro Magdalena una gran finca, cuyo valor es tal que la hacen una de las mejores de la Repblica. Tiene una extensin de cuatro a cinco leguas y capacidad para tres mil reses, en pastos naturales y artificiales, y para quinientas reses en pastos de ceba, todo con abundancia de aguas por toda la extensin de la hacienda. Est situada a dos das de Barranquilla y est en el Departamento de Bolvar. Llama verdaderamente la atencin el progreso de la hacienda "DAMASCO"; que en dos aos y medio han hecho de ella una verdadera finca, que en no lejano da har que el capital de los seores SABBAGH est considerado como uno de los ms slidos entre los hacendados de la Repblica.
OC-VA.
by putting part at interest; on account of their great energy they have founded on the margin of the river Magdalena an extensivo estte, the valu of which is such as
to
make
it
It is
of containing three
thousand head
of cattle in pastures
for five
hundred head
in
all
and is in the Department of Bolvar. The progress of "Damasco" rcally deser\^es attention,for in two and a half years they have converted it nto a thriving property, which in the space of not many years will make Messrs. Sabbaghs' capital one of the
most iniportant amongst the landed proprietors Ocaa.
of the Republic.
ASSAD SABBAGH
Comisionista
Este acreditado comerciante naci en
Commission Merchant
This accredited merchant
is
DAMASCO
artculos del
to this country.
He
constantly employs
At the
Por
la ndole
on commission, especially in
el
etc.
of
Repblica.
lo desarrolla
exchange on almost
all
con gran
Republic.
He
also
Muy
comercio, es
muy
Ocaa.
T.
OSORIO
P.
Importer, Exporter,
Commission Agent.
Ocaa, Colombia.
Store
de novedades.
Negociantes en
of novelties.
Trader
in hardware, boots,
ferretera, calzado,
sombreros de todas
clases, vidriera,
y en mercancas
hats of
all
kinds, glassware
and
in general merchandise.
en general.
DR.
MARCO
A.
GMEZ
of t^e
D.
Managing Director
of the
Civil Engineer,
Santander de
su profesin.
la
Carretera Central.
Se encarga de
lo
relacionado con
.
Central
Wagn Road.
Attends to
work
relating to his
profession.
566
EL
La parroquia
del
CARMEN
The
parish of El Carmen,
Carmen, en
el
Departa-
Department
of
in 1813,
la
guerra
War
of
la
han administrado
los
Independence.
twelve priests,
It
cuales
se
dis-
among them
man
of rare virtues,
who was
parish
La reforma de
la
iglesia la
empez
The improvement
Pbro.
Toms
Prez;
siguila despus el
el
of the church
Prez;
it
Quintero.
las
Ha
figurado en la Dicesis
como una de
la
The
generosidad y
Cura de El Carmen
in-
que en su mayor
Crate
of
El Carmen
and
obedience
there
the
Church.
When
the parish
was
the
Cuando
tantes
999 habiel
created,
were
999
inhabitants;
according to
y hoy, en
En
casero
There
chapel,
erected
by
que
la hizo
el
Padre
de
los
el
settle-
Alvarez.
Al
hablar
ment known
This
priest, in
as
Culebrita.
speaking about
de Providencias,
el
mismo
this regin
in his
book Pro-
videncias,
says:
is
"However,
its
"Mas como
the regin
defects,
not \\athout
as
sus sombras,
discutible
for,
the
poet
verdad dice:
Concejo Municipal
Siempre en
el
truthfuUy says:
Municipal Council
Always
el fango,
mud
at the
bottom
of the
pond;
la fragante flor,
el azul;^del cielo, el
radiante sol."
'''
'
-V
'M ^W^"^'
^^
El Carmen
Catedral
Cathedral
567
En
Federico
Rives,
Orlando
Navarro
and
Carlos
es-
Pearanda.
tablished as a regular
inmediatamente. El principal producto de La Alianza es el aceite de ricino medicinal, que extrae por medio de prensas modernas movidas por fuerza hidrulica, y que purifica por im sistema especial, logrando obtener un artculo de primera clase,
company
-with
a capital of 114,000,
difficulty.
The
best imported
oil is
and
las
ms
res-
El mejor aceite de ricino extranjero no puede competir con el que produce La Alianza, pues adems de su absoluta pureza,
carece de olor
ciable
^AHien
tliis
oil
was
first
presented at the
agricultural
in
and
y valor que
Bogot
diu'ing
the
month
of October
mdicos y farma-
of
of Agriculturists of
Colombia,
it
obtained
industrial
celebrada
en
los auspicios
awardcd
Sociedad de Agricultores de Colombia, obtuvo las ms altas recompensas: un honroso Diploma de primera clase y la nica
The
is
loi'ated,
Medalla de oro que fu concedida. La regin del Carmen, N. de S., donde La Alianza est establecida, produce una de
las mejores clases de semillas de ricino, tanto por su riqueza aceitosa como por su La explotacin de esta planta, calidad.
oil seeils,
extracted.
The
wiid,
utilization
liad
plant,
although
endeavors to
it.
Once
a pesar de que crece silvestre, era desconocida, sin embargo, y La Alianza trabaja
done on a large
become a
profitable business
en la actualidad por impulsar a los agricultores a que emprendan su cultivo. Cuando esto se realice en las proporciones necesarias, la exportacin del aceite podr efectuarse
con beneficio general. La capacidad productora de las mquinas que La Alianza tiene montadas y funcionando es de 2,000 libras diarias. El Gerente de La Alianza contestar gustoso la correspondencia que sobre este negocio se
le dirija.
The output
of the
machinery
installcd at
La Alianza
is
The manager
anybody
of
La Alianza wnll be
CARMEN, Norte
de Satitander.
568
BERNAB PINEDA
se radic
C.
of
He
niarried therc
is
Mr. Pineda
liimnelf to
man and an
indefatigable wurker.
por su
He He is
has devoted
the owner of
a very good atore with a large atocle of dry goods, fancy goods and patent medicines.
Posee su aknacn en edificio propio, renovando constantemente su variado surtido de telas y artculos de toda clase, medicinas de patente, etc.
Owing
to hia activity
and
coffee, skina
despacho de todos sus artculos le ha proporcionado una numerosa clientela que lo favorece especialmente.
celo
La actividad y
en
el
He
owner
this town.
Exportador de
quilla.
caf,
cueros
y tagua,
At
is
y BarranFbrica
extensive
and
Es accionista de
la
prspera compaa
La
Alianza,
^^^H
1
^^^^^^^^^^^
Bobal!
losa
finca
y a
orillas
de la cauda-
quebrada
Singarar,
Berln,
una
de
1
!
'..
^^r^:^^
b
denominada
artificiales
el
pastos
destinados
la
^Hn^.
para ceba
fomento de
cra
existentes hasta
cubiertas
de
bosques
orqudeas
en
maderas
variadsimas.
1
This establishment
citizen,
'
"LA PERLA,"
Carmen, Norte de Santander, Colombia
El establecimiento est bajo la direccin del seor Francisco Romano, subdito italiano y quien desde hace mucho tiempo se dedica al comercio de mercancas y a la compra de caf; cuenta hoy con una de las mejores fincas de caf y caas llamada "EL TIROL, " que ha fundado con el objeto de producir el artculo de primera calidad con todas las maquinarias necesarias; la extensin del terreno es de 250 hectreas y su Cuenta con suficiente altura de 1200 metros sobre el nivel del mar. nmero de animales para el transporte de sus cargamentos y goza en la poblacin de grandes simpatas. Se
is managed by Seor Francisco Romano, an Italian has been devoted for a long time to commerce and the coffee business. His plantation EL TllAL is one of the best coffee plantations and cane-sugar plantations in this regin. Modern
who
of
machinery installed throughout. The extensin of the i)roperty about 250 hektare-i at an altitude of 1200 meters above sealevel. There are a large number of mules and horses employed for
the
transportation
of the products of
this farm.
encarga
de
This house
acts
likewise as an agen!
for foreign
houses for
siempre una mnima comisin cuenta adems con hbiles colaboradores en el ramo de sus negocios. Las agencias de casas extranjeras las atiende de preferenespecialmente cia, las relacionadas con el ramo de la agri-
cobrando
;
commission
rates.
ing in
supplies
agrioultural
and every-
thing pertaining to
this industry.
cultura
dems
industrias.
Permanent sale of
first-class
dry goods
directly
iniported
froni
the
United
States
and Europe.
569
Owners
villa
of the
"Maracaibo"
and
of the
y de
la
Quinta
a un
"Unin"
in
"Unin" en
kilmetro de
vista
el
Municipio
ilel
Carmen, bellsima
finca
la ciudail, surtida
de ganado vacuno,
al
en
\a
departamental que
el ro
Magdalena River.
in
conumica
Magilalcna.
cattle.
Thev
are also
Hotel '"Clara",
el
mejor de
la
ciudad, instalado en
el
in the
town.
The
amplio y cmodo
edificio
stores,
is
interiores la familia
Ribn y comprende
la c:irrera Rii-aurte.
servicios de
Ribn family.
almacn y botica en
El Carmen
Norte de Santander
Republic of Colombia
570
CONVENCIN
Poblacin fundada en 1828 en nionioriu de la Gran Convencin de Ocaa. situada a aesenta kilmetros del Puerto de La Gloria, sobre cl ro Magdalena, con 10,000 habitantes, temperatura de 22 y una de laa ms prsperas o industriosas del Departamento del Norte de Santander, debido a la energa de sus moradores, a la exuberancia de su flora y fauna y a la incomparable fertilidad de sus terrenos. Su fuente inagotable de riqueza la constituye la agricultura, cuyos productos principales son el caf, la caa de azcar, el maz, los pastos y toda clase de cereales, pues la diversidad de los climas permite los cultivos de las zonas fras, templadas y clidas. El Municipio produce anualmente, en abundante cosecha, 30,000 sacos de caf de buena calidad, que mejorar notablemente ei da que loa agricultores se persuadan de la necesidad de cultivarlo de acuerdo con los procedimientos cientficos; 50,000 cargas de panela, destinadas al consumo y a la exportacin para los pueblos del interior y que se elaboran por niedo de ms de 400 molinos de hierro, movidos por fuerza animal e hidrulica. Hasta ahora no se produce azcar, pero se deber a iniciativas particulares el que pronto se instalen dos centrfugas con este propsito. El Municipio produce adems 2000 sacos de maz, 1500 do frjoles. 800 de cacao y 1500 de otros cereales y frutos menores.
_
iH
in 1828 in memory of the Great Convention of Ocaa. Convencin situated sixty kilumeters from La Gloria, a Port on the river Magdalena, with 10.000 inhabitanta, enjoying a temperaturc of 22 and is one of the niost industrious of the Department of Norte de Santander, due not only to the enterprising spirit of its dwellera but to the exuberance of its vegetable kingdom and the great fertility
Town founded
of its soil.
Its inexhaustible source of wealth is agrculture, whose products are cofFee, sugar cae, Indian corn and pasture, and a great variety of crcala, aa the divcrsity of its clmate is suitable for many kinds of cercis.
abundant crops of 30.000 bags of cofFee; which may stl be improved with the coming Improvement in machinery and scientific metliods of raising ame; 50,000 c/irgas fniulc-loads) of sugar destined for consumption and exportation to neighboring towns. the output of about 400 sugar milla run by hydraulic and animal power. This Diatrint produces also 2000 bags of Indian corn. 1500 bags of beans, 800 of cocoa and 1500 of cercis
firat-class
The
Convencin
sus aexplotados bosques puede extraerse en grandes cantidades caucho, tagua, raicilla, resinas, orqudeas y maderas propias para ebanistera y tintes, y del subsuelo, petrleo, carbn, cobre, talco y oro. La riqueza territorial del Municipio est perfectamente bien distribuida y asciende a ms de $485,510 oro con un presupuesto general de Rentas y gastos completamente equilibrado, que pasa de S12.500 pesos oro anuales. Los mltiples recursos de ciue dispone cl Municipio le han permitido iniciar y llevar a cabo obras de verdadero progreso tanto on el orden moral como en el material, tales como el Colegio para Seoritas, regentado por las RR. HH. de la Caridad, que abrir sus tareas en el prximo ao y a cuya instalacin ha contribuido el Gobierno Departamental, y la Empresa de Alumbrado Elctrico de su propiedad y que tiene de ser producto de su propio y nico esfuerzo y la primera inaugurada en toda la Provincia
Planta 'elctrica
-Electric
Plant
De
Ita foresta furnish great quantities of rubber. vegetable ivory, ipecac, reans, orchids and fine wooda, oils, coal. copper, talcum and gold.
The territorial wealth of this District is well distributed and amounts to about $485,510 gold, with a budget of revenues and expenses completely balanced, which cxceeds the sum of S12,.500 a year.
The manifold resourees at the disposal of this District enabie it to initiate and carry out worksof true progresa in the moral as woll asin the material sense. such as a College for Young Ladics under the direction of the Sistrs of Charity, which is about to start and whose installation has been favored by the Departniental Government, and the Electric Light Company, the first one to be inaugurated in the whole Province of Ocaa.
de Ocaa. Tambin disfruta el Municipio de un buen servicio de agua y tiene edificios pblicos la Casa Municipal, la Iglesia y el importantes, entre los cuales los principales son: Mercado de Carnes, edificio amplio y de sobrio y slido estilo. A stos habr que agregar, en breve, cl que se propone construir para el Colegio de Seoritas, que reunir todaa las^condicioncs exigidas por la higiene y por la pedagoga.
many ifiiportant public buildings the following: the Municipal Bulding. the church and the meat market, which has been constructed according to inodern plans. To this may be added the building under way of construction for college purposes built in accordance with modern requirements as regards hygicne and pedagogy.
This District has also a
fine
Partial View
of
Main Square
571
SANTANDER
Se calcula la superficie del departamento en una extensin aproximada de 42,500 kilmetros cuadrados, donde se marcan tres zonas bien definidas: la baja, de 30 C. de
temperatura media; la templada, donde el termmetro y los 27 y la fra, que comprende las mesetas altas de la cordillera con temperaturas de 12 a 20, segn altura. Surcan el territorio de Santander los siguientes ros navegables: el Carare, el Opn, el Sogamoso y el Lebrija, los cuales rinden sus aguas en el ro Magdalena. ste ltimo baa el departamento en toda su parte occidental y le sirve de lmite con Antioquia y Bolvar. Los puertos principales del departamento son: Puerto Carare, Barrancabermeja y Puerto Wilches, sobre el ro Magdalena. De ste ltimo arranca el ferrocarril en construccin que lo comunicar con Bucaramanga; Santa Mara, antiguo Puerto Marta, sobre el Sogamoso; y finalmente. Puerto Santos sobre el ro Lebrija. El ro Sogamoso es navegable por bongos (canoas) desde Santa Mara hasta Bodega Sogamoso, estacin terminal de la navegacin de dicho ro y en donde los vapores del Magdalena reciben la carga. Algunas veces, en la poca lluviosa, suben estos vapores hasta el Pedral, punto situado a algunas leguas arriba de su desembocadura. El Lebrija se navega tambin en bongos desde Puerto Santos hasta Estacin Santander, y de ah en adelante en pequeos vapores de poco calado, que conducen la carga y los pasajeros a Bodega Central, donde se transborda a los vapores del Magdelena, que la conducen a Barranquilla. Para su comunicacin interior cuenta el departamento con las siguientes vas terrestres. Carreteras de Bucaramanga a Florida de Florida a Piedecuesta, que est en construccin; la seccin de la gran carretera central del norte, la del kilmetro 20 del ferrocarril de Puerto Wilches a Puerto Santos la de Bucaramanga a Girn la de Carare y la de San Gil al Socorro, en todas las cuales se trabaja activamente. El gobierno ha ordenado el estudio de una calzada automoviliaria que una a Bucaramanga con el ro Magdalena, habindose ya dado principio a los trabajos
flucta entre los 22
; :
preliminares.
Desde el mes de enero de 1915 el gobierno dio al servicio 20 kilmetros del ferrocarril de Puerto Wilches; pero, por causa de la guerra mundial y por diferencias con la compaa constructora, los trabajos de prolongacin se hallan actualmente suspendidos. Hay, adems, -aproximadamente 1,230 kilmetros de camino de herradura, para facilitar su conservacin y mejora.
The surface of this department is estimated to be about 42,500 square kilometers. It is divided into three well-defined zones: the lower zone, in which the average temperature is 30 C; the temprate zone, in which the thermometer fluctuates between 22 and 27 C. and the cold zone, which comprises the highlands of the cordillera, witli temperatures between 12 and 20, according to altitude. The territory of the department is traversed by the following navigable rivers the Carare, Opn, Sogamoso, and Lebrija, all of which are tributarles of the Magdalena river. The latter river waters the department throughout its western frontier, and forms the boundary with Antioquia and Bolvar. The principal ports of the department are Puerto Carare, Barrancabermeja and Puerto Wilches, on the Magdalena river, the last being the terminal of a railroad now in pi'ocess of construction leading to Bucaramanga; Santa Mara, formerly Puerto Marta, on the Sogamoso river; and Puerto Santos on the Lebrija river. The Sagamoso river is navigable by large open boats from Santa Mara as far as Bodega Sogamoso, which is the end of the navigation on that river, and the port where Magdalena boats receive its freight. Sometimos, during the rainy season, these boats go as far as Pedral, a few leagues above the mouth of the river. The Lebrija is also navigable by large boats from Puerto Santos down to Estacin Santander, and from there on by small steamboats of little draft, which earry freight and passengers down to Bodega Central, where transshipment is made to the Magdalena boats going to Barranquilla. For the mutual connection of its own towns the department has a wagn road from Bucaramanga to Florida; one from Florida to Piedecuesta, now in process of construction a section of the Northern Central Wagn Road a section of the wagn road starting from the Puerto Wilches and Puerto Santos railroad; a wagn road from Bucaramanga to Girn; the Carare wagn road, and one from San Gil to Socorro. Some of these roads are not yet finished, but the work of construction is energetically carried on. The government has ordered a survey for the construction of an automobile road from Bucaramanga to the Magdalena river, and the preliminary work has already begun. In January, 1915, the government opened to the publie 20 kilometers of the Puerto Wilches railroad but, on account of the European war and of some misunderstanding with the constructing company, the work of extending the road has been suspended. There are besides approximately 1230 kilometers of bridle roads.
;
:
Parque
del
Centeaario Ceiitenary
P;irk
Tennis Club
De
todo
los
departamento, 57
Una red telefnica une entre s a las ciudades el pas. Bucaramanga, Piedecuesta, Florida, Lebrija, Rionegro de Girn, red que se enlazar prximamente con la que existe y entre Socorro, San Gil, Zapatoca, San Vicente y Barrancabermeja. Casi todas las haciendas tienen aparatos que las comunican con los centros comerciales. Hay en el departamento alrededor de 14,500 kilmetros
cuadrados de terrenos baldos, tierras en su mayor parte muy feraces, apropiadas para cultivos tropicales y cuya adjudicacin se hace llenando formalidades legales muy
sencillas.
Of the 70 municipalities forming the department, 57 have telegraph offices, which connect them with the rest of the country. There is a telephone Une communicating with
the cities of Bucaramanga, Piedecuesta, Florida, Lebrija,
it
San Gil, Zapatoca, San and Barrancabermeja. Nearly all farms have telephones connecting them with the main commercial eenline serving the cities of Socorro,
ters.
There are in the department about 14,500 square kiloall of which are exceedingly fertile and well adapted to the cultivation of tropical producs. They are granted to applicants in conformity with very simple legal provisions.
meters of public lands, nearly
Caf. Este producto est destinado a la exportacin y su cultivo constituye la vida de varias regiones del departamento. Las fluctuaciones de su precio afectan hondamente
econmica de la agricultura, el comercio, y la industria santandereana, puesto que de ellas dependen el valor de los jornales, la mayor o menor venta de mercanla situacin
cas, el tipo del
partment.
The
fluctuations in
its
pi"ice
affect
very con-
cambio sobre
el exterior,
etc.
and industry in Santander, for it controls salaries, the purchase aud sale of merchandise, the rate of foreign exchange,
f ollows
etc.
La
The exportation
1911
1912
100,945
1913
92,915
1914
91,666
1915
82,848
1916
72,236
1912
100,945
1913
92,915
1914
91,666
1915
82,848
1916
72,236
75 680
75,680
Parque Romero
Romero Park
573
Escuela de
."^rtes
Oficios
Sehool
of Arts
and Trades
La
la del
suaves.
The 1917 crop was estimated to be 25 per cent larger than that of the previous year. Being very carefully prepared, Santander coee commands very high prices abroad, where it is classified among the mild varieties. Sugar-cane. AU lands having a high or modrate temperature are adapted to the cultivation of sugar-cane, whieh is very extensively raised throughout the department. There are a great many milis, several of which are provided with machinery for the preparation of raw and refined sugar. The production is not only enough for domestic consumption, but also to supply several markets of Santander del Norte and Boyac. A large portion of the sugar produced is used for the preparation of ag'uardiente, which constitutes one of the main sources of revenue of the department, as may be seen from the following table, giving the aguardiente taxes for three recent years:
1914
$152,292
1915
$150,021
1916
$156,436
of denatured alcohol is absolutely free. to the interest that the government is taking in the construction of wagn roads, a great many automobiles have been imported, in which denatured alcohol is used instead of gasoline. This will greatly reduce the operating expenses, and at the same time increase the profits of
The production
Owing
Estacin de Automviles
Automobile Stand
Caa de Azcar. Todas las tierras de temperatura alta y media son muy a propsito para el cultivo de esta planta, la cual est extraordinariamente difundida en todo el departamento, donde existen numerosos trapiches, muchos de los cuales cuentan con maquinaria moderna para la elaboracin de azcar y panela. La produccin no solamente alcanza para el consiimo interior, sino tambin para abastecer algunos mercados de Santander del Norte y Boyac. Gran parte del azcar obtenido se consume en la elaboracin de aguardiente, la cual constituye una de las principales i'entas departamentales, segn datos que publicamos en seguida correspondientes al producido de dicha renta
en los tres ltimos aos
1914
$152,292
fiscales.
sugar-cane planters. Tobacco. In view of the high development of the tobceo industrj% and in order to further improve it, the government of the department supports a school for giving practical instruction in the scientific cultivation of that plaut. This sChool is loeated in the plantations of the Fro river, a tributary of the Oro river, and is directed by a Cuban expert. The eigars there made can compete as to aroma, mildness and burning qualities with the best Vuelta Abajo eigars. The tobceo raised in the shade, for which purpose sisal fabrics are used, has a beautiful light color, that has attracted mucli attention in foreign markets. Those wishing further details regarding this matter may address the Consejo Propulsor de la Produccin y del Comercio, Bucaramanga (Council for the Promotion of
1915
.$150,021
1916
$156,436
es absolutamente gobierno le presta a
Production and Commerce). Sisal {fique). There are a great many lands well suited to the cultivation of this fiber, which is produced in large
La produccin de
libre.
alcohol impotable
Debido a
la atencin
que
el
la apertura d^e vas carreteras, se han trado numerosos automviles en los cuales se ha ensayado muy satisfactoriamente el alcohol impotable en vez de gasolina, lo que abaratar la fuerza motriz y ser fuente de grandes ingresos para los cultivadores de caa de azcar. Tabaco. En vista del desaiTollo que ha alcanzado la industria tabacalera y con el fin de mejorarla, el gobierno del departamento sostiene una escuela para el aprendizaje prctico del cultivo cientfico de esta planta, establecimiento que est situado en las vegas del ro Fro, afluente del ro de Oro, y se encuentra dirigido por un experto trado de Cuba. Los tabacos obtenidos pueden competir en aroma, suavidad y facilidad para arder, con los mejores de Vuelta Abajo las clases cultivadas bajo sombra, para lo cual se utilizan telas de fique, ofrecen un bello color claro que ha llamado la atencin en los mercados extranjeros. Para mayores informes sobre el particular, las personas interesadas pueden dirigirse al Consejo ]?ro-
PULSOR DE la Produccin y del Comercio, Bucaramanga. Fique. Hay tierras muy apropiadas para el cultivo de
este textil, el cual se beneficia en gi-andes cantidades. Con l se fabrican sacos para empacar caf, lasos, alpargatas, telas para pisos, telas para cubrir plantaciones de tabaco,
etc.,
Gobernacin
Govcrninent
Buildiug
todo
lo
El excedente
de Tchira
cual tiene gran consumo en el departamento. se enva a Santander del Norte, al Estado (Venezuela), la Costa Atlntica, Antioquia,
quantities and used in the department for the manufacture of coffee bags, lassoes, sandals, floor mats, cloths for shading tobceo plantations, etc. The remainder is sent to Santander del Norte, the Venezuelan state of Tchira, the
574
Atlantic
muy
Mquina para
hilar seda
Silk works
seor Jos Celestino Mutis, que le han dado excelente resultado. Sera un capital bien invertido eL'que se dedicara al desarrollo de esta industria en grande escala. Morera. Esta planta se desarrolla de una manera exuEl gobierno nacional fund una escuela de berante. sericicultura, que funciona actualmente en Bucaramanga. All se encuentra prcticamente todo lo relacionado con esta industria, desde el cultivo de la morera y la cra de
whicli have been very successful. Any capital invested in the development of this promising industry would no doubt bring in fair returns. Mulberry. The cultivation of this plant has takeu a great mpetus. The natioual government founded a sehool of sericulture, at present located in Bucaramanga. It has all the necessary elemeuts for teaching and developing this industry, from the cultivation of the mulberry tree and the breeding of silk worms, up to the preparation of the silk to put it in condition to be exported. The prices obtained for the silk so far are very good, and already a great many persons are engaged in an industry that seems to ofer very bright prospects. Pasture Lands. Although tliere are in the department many lands appropriate for the establishment of large cattle ranches, lack of capital has made it impossible to develop so important a branch of agriculture. The cattle raised in the department is not sufficient to meet domestic demands, and so it is necessary to import some from the departments of Bolvar and Boyae. According to official statistics, 21,701 head of cattle were brought into the department in 1915, and 45,249 were slaughtered; the corresponding figures for 1916 were 26,010 and 53,082. Including all kinds of live stock, among which there are many hogs, sheep, and goats, the eonsumption in 1916 was 27V; kilos per capita. The cultivation of this cereal is developing Wheat. slowly but surely, as sliown by the following figures giviug the constantly decreasing importatiou of foreign flour:
to 1916, Sacks
1913 7897 1914 6679 1915 4331
1916 3339
los gusanos,
hasta la preparacin de la seda para ponerla en estado de exportarla. Los precios de sta obtenidos hasta hoy son muy halagadores y hay ya bastantes personas dedicadas a esta industria, la que es de brillante porvenir. Pastos. pesar de que hay en el departamento muchas tierras apropiadas para la fundacin de grandes dehesas, la falta de capital barato no ha permitido desarrollar ampliaLas mente tan importante ramo de la agricultura. cras de ganado vacuno no alcanzan a llenar las necesidades del consumo de carne, lo que obliga a traer de los departamentos de Bolvar y Boyae el que falta. La estadstica departamental ofrece los siguientes datos:
Several modern milis have been installed, and as the lands suited to wheat raising are very extensive, the day is not far when Santander will produce not only all the flour it needs but also enough to supply other markets. Barley. The establishment of several breweries has given great impulse to the cultivation of barley, a plant which grows witli great exuberance in cold climates, and is a source of great profit to agriculturists in those regions. Potatoes. This tuber is abundantly produced, and of
1915: ganado vacuno introducido, 21,701 cabezas; degollado, 45,249 1916: ganado vacuno introducido, 26,010 cabezas; degollado, 53,082
Incluyendo
cabras, el
la carne de ganado menor, cerdos, ovejas, consumo por habitante fu en 1916 de 27 kilos
y medio.
Trigo.
en
las
se est desarrollando
de este cereal, como lo demuestran las cifras que se publican a continuacin, por las cuales se ve grficamente cmo va descendiendo la importacin de harina extranjera. Harina de trigo importada a Santander en los ltimos 5 aos
tierras
cultivo
1912
9,753 sacos
191.3
1914
6,679 sacos,
1915
4,331 sacos.
1916
3,339 sacos.
7,897 sacos.
Se han establecido varios molinos modernos y como las tierras apropiadas para el cultivo del trigo son muy extensas, no est lejano el da en que Santander produzca no slo toda la harina que necesita sino tambin la suficiente
Escuela de Sericultura
fine quality, in the
Sehool of Sericultura
para proveer otros mercados. Cebada. La fundacin de varias fbricas de cerveza ha venido a dar vigoroso impulso al cultivo de la cebada.
portation to
this
article
same regions. The high rates of transthe Magdalena river prevent the sending of to the Atlantic coast. However, when the
575
modo exuberante en
los elimas
is
fiuished,
a los agricultores de esa regin. Papa. Este tubrculo se produce en la misma zona en grandes cantidades y de magnfica calidad. El alto precio de los detes al Magdalena no permite surtir la Costa Atlntica del artculo, pero al concluirse el ferrocarril de Puerto "Wilehes. ir a competir ventajosamente con el de
from the
procedencia americana en los mercados de Barranquilla y Cartagena. Algodn. El cultivo del algodn, descuidado hasta
es objeto de vivo entusiasmo debido a excelentes resultados obtenidos el ao pasado por algunos agricultores. Los terrenos en las regiones baja y media, renen especiales condiciones para tal cultivo. Las siembras de este ao son ya muy importantes. Insertamos a continuacin algunos datos sobre el producido de una hectrea, en la ciuil se sembraron diez mil matas de algolos
dn: Valor de
preparacin del suelo, de dos deshierbas, de de la despepada, del empaque en fardos de 50 kilos y de los fletes hasta Samac, en el Departamento de Boyac, $158.00. Producido de la cosecha, 500 kilos, que fueron vendidos a $0.44 cada uno, obtenindose 220 pesos con una utilidad de $70 en la hectrea. Ail. Especialmente en las provincias del sur est muy difundido el cultivo del ail, que ahora ha vuelto a ser producto exportable por el alto precio de las anilinas. Segn dato suministrado por la oficina de estadstica del Socorro, en dicho municipio hay actualmente 370 nectareas sembradas de esta planta, cuyo rendimiento se calcula en 18,000 kilos de ndigo, cuyo precio en el mercado del Socorro es de $1.60 el kilo. Higuereta.- En las regiones clidas y de una manera espontnea, crece la higuereta en todo el departamento. Animados por el buen xito obtenido en Santander del Norte con la fabricacin de aceita de ricino, varios comerciantes de Bucarauanga han constituido una compaa con el n de explotar este negocio y al efecto .ya est suscrito gran parte del capital necesario. Muy pronto va a ser ste un rengln muy importante de exportacin. Paja Toquilla. Con esta paja se fabricaj los sombreros denominados "Panam" (Panam liats), industria que est muy desarrollada en el departamento, especialmente en Zapatoca, Bucaramanga, Girn y Lebrija. Las cifras relativas a la exportacin son las siguientes 1911, 15,350 docenas; 1912, 18,050; 1913, 16,900; 1914,
la
la recoleccin,
Mercado de pinas
Cotton.
Pineapple
JNIaiket
The citivation of
has aroused a great deal of interest on aeeount of the exeellent results obtained last year
higli
by several planters. The and intermedate regions combine ver.y good qualithe cultivation of this tree.
ties for
Many
ai"e
Below
were planted.
soil,
in 50-kiIo bales, and transDepartment of Boyac, $158 output of the erop, 500 kilos, sold at 44 cents each, which gave a total priee of 220 pesos and a clear profit of 70 pesos for
it
to the
ndigo.
This plant
is
eially in the
become valuable for exportation, on account of the high Aceording to statistics furprice of aniline subst.auces. nished by the Statistical Burean of Socorro, there are at
present in that municipality 370 hektares planted with
ndigo,
tlie
whose yield
is
estimated at 18,000
kilos,
having on
kilo.
Castor-O Plant. This plant grows wild in the hot cliIn view of the good results obtained in Santander del Norte from the manufacture of castor oil, several Bucaramanga merchants have formed a eompany for the exploitation of this indiistry, nearly all the capital having This product will before long been already subscribed. become one of the most important exports in the republic.
mates.
The plant, provincially known as raiiama Hats. from which Panam hats are made, is very extensively cnltivated, espeeially in Zapatoca, Bucaramanga,
toquilla,
in
Comedores
del
Regimiento
Ricaurte
Diuing
Rooms
of Ricauitc=^
Regiment
causa de la g-uerra mundial, esta industria ha sufrido nuicho, pues se han cerrado los mercados europeos en donde se consuma el artculo en grande escala, quedando
account of the European war, this industi-y has been very much upset, the markets of Burope, where hats were sold in large quajitities, having been elpsed, and there remaining now no otlier market of impoitance than the
On
Unidos.
Yuca, pltano, maz. La base de la alHientaein de nuestras clases trabajadoras son la yuca, el pltano y el
demand, and which wilj become exmodcrii methods are used instead of the very
gr'eaf
rudimentary
flf)ur,
mi'tlKjds
at
jjresent
is
prevailing.
Plantain
known
as Ikuki iiiiir,
a?'e cultivateil
sufficient
(|uantities to
me(!t
borne
demands
kinds of
leiitils,
anise, cacao,
and
all
in
copper,
iroii,
coal,
and
deposits.
in
fields,
im-
with great probabilities of suece.ss. In the regin eomprised betvveen the Sogamoso and Cai'are rivers, a
tion,
llcirniitoiios del Kogiiiiioiito liciiutc
oniiitoi'ics
ol'
Kit'uurte
Re,nmpiit
maz, y por esta eavisa su cultivo est considerablemente extendido De la primera se extraen s'i'andes cantidades de aliiiidi'm, (|iie tiene mucho consumo y (jue llegar a sel' ai'teulo exportable cuando se sustituyan por procedinuentos modernos los muy rudimentarios cfile hoy se usan para su extraccin. La harina del ]dtano, conocida con el noiidire de Bananina, es uu elemento muy sano y nutritivo,
('S])ecialmciite ])ara los nios.
wealthy North American company is engaged in preliminary work, on which it has aiready spent a very large .sum. It seems that the company has aiready dug a very productive well, which assures the success of the undertaking. The lack of good ways of transportation prevcnts the developnu'nt of other mines.
stitutions enjoying great credit
:
el teri'itorio
y en cantidades
suficientes para el consumo local el arroz, el frjol, la arbeja, el garbanzo, el ans, el cacao, toda clase de hortalizas y de frutas.
department three banking inand the confdenee of the public; namely the Banco de San Oil, having offices in San Gil and Bucaramanga, and a paid-in capital of $1.'30,0()(); the Banco de la Mutualidad, with a capital of $25U,, and offices in Bucaramanga and Gcuta; and the Banco de Santander, in Bucaramanga, with a capital of
Banks.
There are
in the
til
00,000.
Productos Minerales. Hay en el departamento ricas minas de oro, plata, cobre, hierro, carbn mineral y petrleo. Actualmente no se encuentra ninguna en explotacin, pero en terrenos en donde existen palpables y muy abundantes manifestaciones de petrleo, se han emprendido
serios trabajos con probabilidades de xito. En la regin comprendida entre los ros Sogaraoso y Carare trabaja una podei'osa compaa norteamericana
These institutions cliarge IVj per cent on loans foi' fxe(l and P/^ per cent on loans having the character of general deposits. It should be understood that these rates are per month. Besides, there is in Bucaramanga the Compaa Colomperiods,
que slo en las labores prelinnnares ha invertido cuantiosas sumas. Parece que ha enconti'ado ya un pozo de gran Viuidimicnto que asegura el xito de la empresa. La carencia de vas de comunicacin econmicas hace imposible la explotacin ventajosa de minas de otros
metales.
Bancos. Hay en el departamento tres instituciones banearias que gozan de gran crdito y confianza del pblico; el Banco de San Gil, con oHeinas en San C4il y Bucaramanga: capital pagado. $1.")(),()0() el Banco de la Mutualidad, capital $2.')0,00U oficinas en Bucaramanga y (!cuta; y el Banco de Santander, cuyo capital es de .^lOO.OOO, fon asiento en Bucaramanga. El ti])o del inters fijado por estas instituciones es el de li/i7f para crditos a plazo determinado y el ^V-//o para Este tipo es de iiders mensual. crditos flotantes.
; :
Bucaramanga, la C;omi)aa Colomde Mutualidad, que se ocupa en toda clase de operaciones mutuarias, como seguros de vida, cooperativas doExiste, adems, en
biaiui
tales,
etc.,
Parquo
(le
los
Nios
Chililron's
Park
es
adems
de la Mutualidad. Curazao.
biana
di'
all
kinds of insur-
also the
It
advertir q-ue la rata del inters de (|ue se habla anteriormente, es slo para operaciones banearias y en los
Es de
Mutualidad.
lile
also in
Islaiid
u['
577
It should be remarked that the rate of interest mentioned above applies only to banking operations and the
In other business
institu-
entre nosotros y sa es la causa principal de que a pesar la riqueza natural del departamento, no est sta tan desarrollada como debiera. Indudablemente al poder obtenerse capital a tipos ms bajos de inters, el incremento de la agricultura y de la industria sera asombroso, puesto que el pueblo santandereano es muy sobrio y trabajador y el capital puede colocarse con muy buenas seguridades. Instalaciones Elctricas. La conformacin topogrfica del departamento es muy montaosa; se encuentran por donde quiera abundantes cadas de agua, capaces de producir la energa necesaria para mover toda clase de maquinaria. Hay en muchos municipios instalaciones elctricas generadoras de luz y de fuerza motriz econmica para sus industrias. Pronto quedarn establecidas nuevas
de
plantas.
Poblacin. Segn el censo de 1912, ltimo que se ha hecho, la poblacin del departamento es de 402,345 habitantes, de los cuales el 60% pertenece a la raza blanca, el 30% a la mezclada, el 5% a la cobriza pura y el 5% a la negra, que vive a las orillas de los ros navegables. La estadstica de 1916 da los siguientes nmeros relativos
:
Plantacin de tabaco
Tobacco Plantation
Matrimonios por mil habitantes Nacimientos por mil habitantes Defunciones por mil habitantes
fueron
4.9
27.0 18.9
Las enfermedades dominantes en el mismo ao de 1916 la anemia tropical, el paludismo, la gastroenteritis iufantil y la disentera.
:
much as 2, 2]/^ and even more per cent per montli. It is thus seen that capital is very expeusive, and that is the main reason why the great
deal higher, being sometimes as
En el primer semestre de 1917 concurrencia diaria a las escuelas primarias del departamento fu de 22,117 nios de ambos sexos. Con relacin a los habitantes, por cada 1,000 almas concurren 55.2 a las escuelas. Este nmero relativo indica un gran adelanto en la instruccin pblica, puesto que en 1915 el nmero de concurrentes a las escuelas slo fu de 42.6 por
Instruccin Pblica.
la
is not developed. There no doubt that when it becomes possible to secure capital at lower rates, the development of agrieulture and industry will be really marvelous, as the people of the department are exceedingly industrious and thrifty.
Electric Plants. The soil of the department is very mountainous, and there are consequently a great many waterfalls available for the production of power. Many
1,000 habitantes. Hay adems cuatro colegios pblicos de segunda enseanza para hombres y dos de igual categora para mujeres, y para la enseanza profesional cuenta el departamento cou la Escuela Normal para hombres, dos escuelas normales para
New
plants will
Population.
the
last,
According
to the
402,345 in-
habitants, of
whom
The negroes
live
gable rivers.
Statistics collected in
to be 4.9
1916 show the number of marriages per thousand; that of births, 27.0; and that of
diseases in 1916
deaths, 18.9.
The prevailing
Public Instructioni.
During the
seses.
The
This
iiiSi''
ji^;-^3iBi^irj:i
1915 the rate was only 42.6 per thousand inhabitants. There are also four public colleges for secondary instruction for men, and two similar ones for women. There
are advanced and professional colleges, a normal school for
Plantacin de tabaco
Tobacco Plantation
mujeres, una escuela de artes y oficios, una escuela de sericultura, una escuela experimental del cultivo del tabaco y una escuela de tejidos. Funcionan, adems, 21 establecimientos privados de enseanza secundaria.
and
tex-
In
addition
there
are
twenty-one
prvate
high
schools.
578
BUCARAMANGA
Ciudad capital del distrito y provincia de su nombre y Departamento de Santander. Est situada en una hermosa y seca llanura aluvial que delimitan por el norte y el occidente las estrechas hoyas del Surat y del Ro de Oro, en la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes colombianos, entre los Distritos de Rionegro y Matanza, al norte Florida y Girn, al sur; Lebrija, al occidente; y la cordillera
del
;
de Volaqu,
del mar, grados.
al oriente.
y su temperatura media
se
Capital of the district and province of the same ame, and of the Department of Santander. It lies on a di-y and beautiful alluvial plain bounded on the north and west by the narrow basins of the Surat and De Oro rivers, on the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, between the districts of Rionegro and IMatauza on the north. Florida and Girn on the south, Lebrija on the west, and Volaqu mountain on the east. It has an elevation of 961 meters above sea-level, and its average tem-
perature
is
23 C.
fund por los aos de 1778. Ocupa una extensin aproximada de ms de un milln de metros cuadrados, que podra triplicarse y hasta cuadruplicarse sobre terreno perfectamente plano, dividida en 172 manzanas, con un total de 2,402 casas. La direccin media de las carreras hace un ngulo de 10 grados noroeste con el trazo de la meridiana, y las calles tienen en la direccin nordeste-suroeste inclinaciones de dos a cuatro grados negativos. Unas y otras son en lo general rectas, sin mayores desniveles, y aimque angostas, de aspecto agradable por su limpieza. No se destacan sobre ellas, hecha excepcin de unas pocas casas de lujoso porte, grandes edificios que llamen la atencin por su arquitectura; pero en cambio, en todas predomina la amplia y cmoda habitacin de espacioso patio con alegre jardn y de cierta simetra que le da al conjunto, sin hacerlo montono, el tono uniforme, grave y plcido a la vez, de ciudad de trabajo y de sencillas costumbres, muy en armona con
natural del tipo comn de sus moradores. Sobre el costado oriental de la plaza mayor,' denominada de Garca Rovira, lzase enhiesta y donairosa la Iglesia Parroquial de San Laureano, de fbrica elegante, si bien no sujeta a determinado orden arquitectnico. Dbese este templo al ejemplar Cura de almas doctor Francisco Romero, varn de eximias virtudes, quien con solo el poder de su voluntad tesonera realiz en el distrito muchas mejoras materiales de vala y progreso de la mayor trascendencia. La plaza de mercado est situada a cuatro cuadras del extremo norte de la ciudad y a veinte del opuesto. Consta el cuerpo principal de sus edificios de una manzana, de la El incual tres de sus bandas son de locales cerrados. terior lo forman un doble cuadriltero de corredores o galeras y un patio, con una cisterna techada en el centro. Al oriente la carrera 11 de por medio complementa esta construccin otro edificio de dos cuerpos paralelos, con su patio, destinados el uno al expendio de las carnes vacunas, y al de las cerdunas y visceras vacunas el otro. A espaldas de este hay como veinte cocinas, que tambin hacen parte
el
La ciudad
del edificio.
La
esta obra, con privilegio exclusivo por veinticinco aos y usufructo por 35 ms, se constituy en 1889, y el 13 de julio de 1895 la dio en su mayor parte al servicio pblico. Ascendi su costo a $193,000 plata, y sus producidos brutos mensuales oscilan hoy al rededor de $100,000 en papel moneda, lo que da margen para distribuir mensualmente
las mil novecientas noventa acciones de a $50 plata. Constituir, pues, para el municipio, cuando pase a ser de su propiedad, una renta considerable. Todo el costado oriental de la plaza del Centenario lo ocupa el colegio de San Pedro Claver, vasto edificio de dos pisos y de reciente construccin, que podra competir con Mide los mejores de su clase de la capital de la repblica. 115 metros de frente por poco ms de 100 de fondo, y est dispuesto con muy buen orden y habilidad, atendido su
was founded about 1778. Its rea is about 1,000,000 square meters, and could be increased threefold on perfectly level ground. It is divided into 172 city blocks, eomprising 2402 houses. The avenues {carreras) make an angle of 10 with the meridian, and the streets run approximately from nortlieast to Southwest. Both avenues and streets are generally straight, with light grades, and, although narrow, are of pleasing appearanee, owing to their cleanliness. With the exception of a few handsome houses, there are no buildings that are architecturally noteworthy. However, all the houses are ampie and comfortable, with large courf yards, and beautiful gardens. They preseut an aspect of uniformity and regularity which, far from being monotonous, seems to reveal the industriousness and simple customs of the inhabitants. On the eastern side of the main square, called Garca Rovira Square, gracefully rises tile parroehial church of San Laureano, of elegant construction, although not belonging to any well-defined architectural order. This church owes its origin to the examplary crate Don Francisco Romero, a man of great virtues, to whose indefatigable zeal for the public good many material improvements of much importance are due. The market place is four blocks from the nortliern extremity of the city, and tweuty from the southern. Its main section consists of a block of buildings, tliree of the sides consisting of closed compartments. The interior consists of a double quadrilateral of galleries surrounding a court yard, in the center of which there is a roofed cistern. On the east, and on the opposite side of Carrera 11 (llth Avenue), there is another building with two parallel wiugs and a court yard, for the sale of meat. Back of it there are about twenty kitcheus belonging to the building. The stock compauy that undertook the constructiou of this market place under a 60-year coucession was organized in 1889, and the market was nearly all opened to the public on June 13, 1895. It cost 193,000 silver pesos, and its gross returns average about 100,000 pesos, paper money, which allows the payment of a mouthly dividend of $50 for each of the 1990 shares, eaeh of a valu of 50 silver It will therefore be a source of considerable iupesos. come for the municipality when it becomes the property of the city. All the eastern side of the Square of the Centenary is occupied by the College of San Pedro Claver, a large twostory building, recently construeted, which can compete with the best of its kind in the capital of the republic. It has a front of 115 meters and depth of about 100, and is so designed that it is admirably well adapted to its purcity
The
pose.
objeto.
el el sur, con frente sobre el parque de Romero, queda Hospital, obra de paciente esfuerzo, amplia y cmoda, su derecha, sin ese touo que le hace honor a la ciudad.
Hacia
In the southern portion, looking on Romero Park, is the an ampie and comfortable building, which is an honor to the city. On its right, and overlooking the same park, there is a Catholic eemetery and one belonging to a private organization, neither of which has that sad and depressing appearanee that is peculiar to graveyards. A universal eemetery will soon be opened. For the celebration of tlie centenary of the Independence, a beautiful monument, douated by the people, was ereeted in this park
hospital,
579
to
city
the
in
war of independence. It is an obelisk similar the Park of the ]\Iartyrs in Bogot, but not so
high.
In Garca Rovira Square there is a beautiful garden surrounded by an iron railing and having in its center a statue of that hero, standing on a handsome white-marble and jasper pedestal, in the martial attitude of indomitable resolution wliich he must have assumed when, endeavoring to avoid defeat at Cachiri, he gave to his soldiers the famous command, "Firmes!" ("Steady!")
'
del gobierno departamental se construy un situado en la acera sur de la plaza de Garca Rovira, con destino a las oficinas pblicas, tales como las de la Asamblea Departamental, el Ramo Judicial y la Biblioteca Pblica, y una casa de sanidad. La ciudad tiene servicio de alumbrado elctrico desde el ao de 1891. El capital de la compaa es de $22,755.55 oro y su fondo de reserva de $5,291.58 oro. Cuenta la ciudad con las siguientes bibliotecas pblicas Biblioteca Departamental, fundada en 1908, con 1679 volmenes; la del Club del Comercio, fundada en 1873, con 506 la del Centro de Industriales, fundada en 1910, con 522 y la del Hospital, fundada en 1912, con 110. La instruccin pblica est representada en el distrito por los siguientes establecimientos: Escuela Normal de Varones, Escuela Normal de Seoritas, Colegio de San Pedro Claver; nueve escuelas urbanas de varones, once de nias, dos anexas a las Normales, tres nocturnas, dos en las crceles y cinco rurales alternadas. Adems, funcionan tres escuelas primarias privadas y una escuela de enseanza secundaria privada. La Escuela de Artes y Oficios tiene 145 alumnos la Escuela de Tejidos de telas y sombreros proporciona estas tiles enseanzas a gran nmero de seoritas pobres. El Ministerio de Agricultura y Comercio fund en la ciudad una Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, con subvencin de $2,000 anuales. El doctor Enrique Santos, nombrado Director, inici ya la enseanza del cultivo de la morera, la cra del gusano y la hilatura de la seda para el efecto, cuenta con una cra de gusanos, seleccionada y aclimatada, con suficientes rboles de morera para alimentarlos y terreno para el cultivo ; adems, tiene una mquina hiladora, de modelo premiado en la ltima Exposicin Internacional Italiana, qiie da el producto tal como es solicitado en los mercados sederos europeos.
Por cuenta
edificio,
At the expense of the government of the department, a building was erected on the southeru side of Garca Rovira Square, in which are such public offices as those of the departmental assembly, the judieiary branch of the administration, a pblic library, and a house of sanitation.
The city has had electric light since 1891. The company has a capital of 22,755.55 dollars, with a
of 5,291.58.
electric
reserve
There are in the city the follovving public librarles the Departmental Library, founded in 1908, with 1679 volumes; that of the Commercial Club, founded in 1873, with 506 volumes; that of the Assoeiation of Industrialists {Centro de Industriales), founded in 1910, with 522; and the Hospital Library, founded in 1912, with 110.
:
Public instruetion is represented in the distriet by the Normal School f or Young Men, following institutions Normal School for Young Ladies, CoUege of San Pedro Claver, nine urban schools for boys, and eleven for girls, two annex schools to the normal schools, three night schools, two schools in the jails, and five altrnate rural schools. There are besides three prvate primary schools and one prvate high school. The School of Arts and Trades has 145 pupils; the School of Textiles and Hats teaches these important industries to a great many poor young ladies.
:
The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce founded in the city a National School of Agriculture with an endowment of $2000 per year. Dr. Enrique Santos, who was appointed director, has already started the teaching of the cultivation of the mulberry tree, the breeding of the silk
the preparation of silk. For that purpose he has a selected breed of worms, already acclimated, a sufficient number of trees to feed them, and ampie fields for cultiHe has, besides, a spinning machine, which won vation. a prize at the last International Italian Exposition, and
worm and
Existen en Bucaramanga tres instituciones de crdito, el Banco de San Gil, el de Santander y el de la Mutualidad. Las industrias predominantes en el distrito son la cohay grandes mercial, la agrcola y la manufacturera plantaciones de tabaco, caf y cacao. La fabricacin de cigarros y cigarrillos ha tomado grande incremento en los ltimos aos existen en la ciudad diez fbricas de cigarros y dos de cigarrillos, fuera de algunas ms de pequea elaboracin. Estas fbricas elaboran al rededor de 60,000 kilogramos de tabaco en rama mensualmente. Algunas de ellas tienen maquinaria movida por vapor. Otra industria importante es la de sombreros, pues anualmente se tejen al El comercio de rededor de 100,000 sombreros de paja. Bucaramanga, que cuenta con una numerosa colonia extranjera, es uno de los de mayor movimiento en el pas, y est llamado a adquirir mayor incremento cuando est concluido el ferrocarril de Puerto Wilches, que apenas tiene en servicio los primeros veinte kilmetros esta lnea frrea ha estado sujeta a innumerables tropiezos, por falta de cumplimiento de la compaa contratista. Hoy se hace el comercio de importacin y exportacin por las vas de
a saber
:
turns out the product in the form demanded by European silk markets.
There are in Bucaramanga three bauking institutions Gil, Banco de Santander, and Banco de la Mutualidad. The raain industries of the distriet are commerce, agriThere are large eoffee, toculture, and manufacturing. The manufacture of cigars bceo, and cacao plantations. and cigarettes has received a great impulse in recent years. There are ten cigar and two cigarette factories, beIn them, about 60,000 kilosides some small concerns. grams of leaf tobceo are used every month. Some of them have steam-power machinery. The hat industry produces about 100,000 straw hats per year. The commerce of Bucaramanga, where there is a numerous foreign colony, is one of the most active in the republie, and will become still more important with the completion of the Puerto Wilches railroad, of which only
Banco de San
This road has encountered numberless diiculties, owing to failure on the part of contracting companies to carry out the work.
the first 20 kilometers are in operation.
580
At present the import and the export trade are carried on by way of Puerto Santos and Puerto Marta, 75 and 65
from Buearamanga, respectively. The culture of the city is greatly benefited by the various clubs and associations, such as the Pedagogical Assoeiation and that of St. Vincent de Paul as well as by important publications, both social and political. The photo-engravings at present made by Don Leopoldo Nez figure among the best in the republic. A characteristie feature always noticed by strangers is the beauty of the women of Buearamanga, who are as handsome as those of Ocaa, in Norte de Santander, and those of Concepcin and Girardota, in Antioquia. According to unoficial data, Buearamanga has about
kilometers
;
ridicas, sociales
polticas.
Los fotograbados que ltimamente ejecuta el industrial don Leopoldo Nez, van a la vanguardia entre los mejores que se producen en los distintos centros de la repblica.
atencin del observador en de las mujeres, hermosas como las de Ocaa, en Norte de Santander, o las de Concepcin y Girardota, en Antioquia. Segn datos extraoficiales, tiene Buearamanga cerca de 25,000 habitantes.
la
Buearamanga,
es la belleza
25,000 inhabitants.
is
estimated at $2,242,800.
El catastro est avaluado en $2,242,800. Esta ciudad ha sido cuna de benemritos varones, entre los cuales se destacan las figuras de Justo de Garca Rovira, Sinforoso Mutis, Ruclecindo Riveros, Jos Mara Bstvez, Jos Elias Puyana, Dmaso Zapata, Vicente Herrera, Cupertino Rovira, Adolfo Hrker, etc. Distancias en mirmetros a Puerto Santos, 7.5 a Puerto Marta, 6.5 al lmite con el Departamento de Boyac, pasando por Piedecuesta, San Gil, Socorro y Puente Nacional, 23.5; a Pamplona, por Tona, 4; a Ocaa, por Matanza, 7 a Bogot, 36.5.
:
This city has been the birthplace of many illustrious men, among them Justo de Garca Rovira, Sinforoso Mutis, Rudecindo Riveros, Jos Mara Estvez, Jos Elias Puyana, Dmaso Zapata, Vicente Herrera, Cupertino Rovira, and Adolfo Harker. The distance of Buearamanga from the Boyac frontier, by way of Piedecuesta, San Gil, Socorro, and Puente Nacional, is 235 kilometers; from Puerto Santos, 75; from Puerto Marta, 65; from Pamplona, by way of Tona, 40; from Ocaa, by way of Matanza, 70 from Bogot, 365.
;
.J
Abril Hermanos
Fbrica de monturas y todo
guarnicin,
etc.,
etc.
Materiales
lo relacionado con el arte de la Atiende pedidos de primera clase. Sucursal en Facatativ, Departa-
Manufaeturers of saddles and all kinds of harness. First class Orders taken from any place in tlie department. Branch Catalogues reoflfie* in Facatativ, Department of Cundinamarca. quested. Buearamanga, Colombia.
materials.
Irenarco Solano T.
Propietario de la "Sastrera Parisiense." Se encarga de todo trabajo para seoras y caballeros.
Sliop.)
Se solicitan catlogos.
Calle 5a. N.o^ 346-50.^
(Parisian Tailor the "Sastrera Parisiense" of Catalogues All kinds of work for ladies and gentlemen. requested. Buearamanga, Colom'bia. Calle 5a Nos. 346 to 350.
Proprictor
Buearamanga, Colombia.
Alfredo Jones
Taller mecnico y galvnico, movido por fuerza elctrica, situado en la calle 14 No. 320. Dorado. Niquelado. Plateado. Eeproduccin electro-galvnica de grabados y objetos naturales. Surtido pei-manente de cuerdas de
acero.
Machine and electrotyping shop, operated by electric power, at Gold, nickel and silver plating. No. 320 Calle 14 (14th Street). Keproduction of pictures and natural objects by electro- depositiou.
Permanent stock of
steel
strings.
Buearamanga.
Buearamanga, Colombia.
Alcibades Arguello
Buearamanga, Santander, Abogado, agente y comisionista. Colombia. Despus de haber ejercido su profesin en ms de diez aos, y de haber desempeado sucesivamente los puestos de Juez de Circuito, Juez Superior ile Distrito Judicial, Magistrado del Tribunal Superior del Distrito Judicial en dos perodos, y Secretario de Hacienda del Departamento de Santander, abrir prximamente su
oficina en esta ciudad.
Lawyer,
agent
and
commission
merehant.
Buearamanga,
San-
After practising his profession for more tlian tander, Colombia. ten years and filling suceessively the positions of circuit judge, higher juclge of tlic judicial district, magistrate of the high court of the judicial district for two periods, and secretary of the treasury of the Department of Santander, he will soon opcn an office in this
city.
Vctor M. Mantilla
Exportador de sombreros de paja, Comerciante y comisionista. Propietario de la sombrerera "Modelo." Zapatocas y Girones. Importador de sombreros de fieltro, mercancas y artculos especiales para hombres.
Direccin telegrfica: "Vctor." Buearamanga, Colombia.
Btu:aramanria, Colombia. General and commission merehant. Telegraph: "Vctor." Exporter of straw Zapatoca and Girn hats. Importer of f elt hats, general liat store. Modelo Ownor of the merchandise and special articlcs for men.
'
' '
'
581
San
Joaqun Farm
Maquinaria de caf
Coffce
Machinery
las siguientes
haciendas:
produccin anual 600 sacos. Azcar, 100,000 Pastos artificiales, 100 hectreas. 480,000 libras. Pastos para cras, 200 hectreas. Maquinaria a vapor para la elaboracin del azcar y panela. Gran tren a vapor para el beneficio del caf
San Joaqun.
Caf,
San Joaqun.
sugar,
raw
and
libras.
Panela,
480,000
artificial
grass,
100 hektares;
cattle pastures,
200 hektares.
Steam machinery
propio y extrao.
abundantes.
Tierras montaosas vrgenes, 200 hectreas. Aguas El total general de esta tierra, segn planos, 900 hectreas.
the elaboration of
own and
outside coffee.
Mountainous virgin
is,
forests,
200 hektares.
Plentiful water.
The
accord-
Primavera. Caf, producto anual 300 sacos. Panela, 96,000 hbras. Pastos artificiales, 40 hectreas. Maquinaria a fuerza animal y humana para el beneficio de las caas y el caf. Aguas abundantes. Total de hectreas, segn planos, 170.
Primavera.
ficial
raw
grasses,
Water
plentiful.
The
total rea
San' Nicols.
el beneficio del
Maquinaria para
petrleo.
170 hektares.
Potre-
San
Nicols.
Coffee,
Hand and
sisal.
oil
machinery
Special
plentiful.
Total de hectreas,
Water
^f-'^-:-
San
582
'^:*^
La Primavera
Santa Ins. Produccin anual de caf 300 sacos. Maquinaria para el beneficio potreros de del caf a fuerza humana; Aguas abundantes. cra, 60 hectreas. Total de hectreas, sugn planos, 187. San Gabriel. Produccin anual de caf
Montaa
GENERALIDADES
Produccin anual de caf 1,960 sacos, cada uno de 130 Ubras netas: 254,000 libras. Azcar 100,000 libras. Panela 576,000 libras. Total de
hectreas, 1658.
Evaristo
Rueda
Todas
las
haciendas tifinen
campos hay 120 mulares, 50 bueyes trapicheros y cargacaa, 120 reses de cra y adems 100
los distintos
bestias
de ceba. Herramientas y enAlfonso seres de labor suficientes para emtrabajos que se los _ prendan en las haciendas. Estas estn avaluadas en 100,000 dlares y el propietario admitira un socio con el 50% en del capital efectivo o en mercancas, calculado, con el fin de impulsar el caf, caas y pastos y la industria del henequn. Como puede verse, cada hectrea sale a S6.00 oro, es decir, a muy bajo
precio.
Ovalle
Total rea, as per surveys, 315 hektares. Sania Ins. Coffee, 300 bags per year; hand machinery for the elaboration of Cattle pastures, 60 hektares. coTee. Water plentiful. Total rea, as per surveys, 187 hektares. San Gabriel. Coffee, 160 bags per year; cacao, 3000 Virgin foresta, as per trees. surveys, 90 hektares. General features. Annual production of coee, 1,960 bags of 130 Ibs. net each 254,000 Ibs.; sugar, 100,000 Ibs.; raw sugar, 576,000 Ibs. Total rea, 1658 hektares. All the farms have good dwelling houses and cottages for laborers, drying yards and large quantities of vegetables and corn. For the work in the different fields there are 120 mules. 50 oxen for the milis and for the transportation of sugar cae, 120 breeding cows, and 100
Alberto Briceo
steers
for
fattening.
The
farms are provided with all needed tools and utensils. The whole property is valued at 100,000 dollars, and the owner would welcome a partner with 50
per cent of the capital invested, either in cash or in merchandise, for the purpose of extending the coffee, sugar, cattle and will be seen, the sisal industries. As average valu is 6 dollars per hektare, which is a very low price. The soil is excellent for all kinds of The average products adapted to it. temperature is about 20 or 22 C. The climate is healthful.
Estanislao Blanco
Las tierras son exxelentes para los cultivos apropiados a ellas y la temperatura media en estas haciendas es de 20 a 22 centgrados. Climas sanos.
Basilio Espinosa
Patios secadores de
La Primavera
ClA.
Casa principal
Preparation
of coffee,
Empresarios agrcolas y exportadores. Propietarios de la fbrica de cigarros puros "Colombia" y de la hacienda "Caaverales," en
and exporters;
proprietors of the
"Colombia" Cigar
Factory, and of the farm "Caaverales," where are located the "Vegas
las
"Vegas de la
es
de
su fbrica, la cual ha logrado producir los mejores cigarros de Colombia. de las ms extensas del pas. Est situada en el Municipio de Rionegro, Departamento de Santander, a 8 leguas de Bucaramanga, sobre la va Puerto Santos-Puerto Wilches. La hacienda tiene una rea de 150 millas cuadradas. Su superficie se
Colombia.
It is
La hacienda "Caaverales"
is
Department
of Santander,
compone de terrenos planos y quebrados; su altura sobre el nivel del mar vara entre 1200 y 3000 pies. Contiene cordilleras de importancia y valles extensos, cruzados por los ros Lebrija, Salamaga y Arevalito, fuera de numerosas corrientes de menor cuanta que desaguan en Su clima es bueno, fresco o caliente, segn la los ros mencionados. altura de la localidad. Su suelo es notablemente frtil y adecuado para toda clase de cultivos tropicales, tales como caf, cacao, tabaco, algodn,
caa de azcar, arroz, caucho y pastos para la ceba de ganado, de todos los cuales obtienen sus dueos un producido bien satisfactorio. Contiene tambin minas de carbn y de asfalto y no sera sorprendente descubrir pozos de petrleo, a juzgar por las fuertes manifestaciones que se encuentran en la superficie. El ferrocarril de Puerto Wilches a Bucaramanga atravesar esta finca de Norte a Sur, logrndose con esto dar a la propiedad un desarrollo inmenso, inclusive la explotacin de sus minas, que con las ventajas que reporta una va frrea, se podrn trabajar con buen suceso.
Wilches road.
It
and broken country, and its elevation above sea-level vares between 1200 and 3000 feet. It is traversed by important ranges and extensivo valleys, and by the Lebrija, Salamaga and Arevalito rivers, besides a great many streams that empty into these rivers. The climate is
healthful,
ceptionally fertile
such as
and cool or hot, according to the elevation. The soil is exand well adapted to all kinds of tropical products, coffee, cacao, tobceo, cotton, sugar cae, rice, rubber, and
All these products are very profitably raised.
fields,
On
also
and
it
would not
be surprising
if oil
shows indica-
The
railroad
manga
develop the property, including the exploitation of its mines, which, with the existence of a railway, can be very successfully worked.
Cebaderos de ganado
/Jtk !"''*'
Administracin
Administration
Building
Compaa
On March 26, 1917, the transportation enterprise "Pedro J. Visbal'' was bought by Messrs. Jcome Niz and Company, and with it was combined that of "F. Nigrinis," to form the present stock company,
known as Lebrija Navigation Company. the company is the following:
The
principal personnel of
lo
forman:
-J
Jos A. Jcome Niz, Director-Gerente. Francisco Nigrinis, Administrador. Jos D. Jcome Niz, Tesorero.
la
sostener
empresa la pone en capacidad para pues cuenta con treinta y seis canoas de acero de catorce toneladas cada una, y dos lanchas de vapor con cuatro botes de remolque, con capacidad transportadora de ciento treinta toneladas y cien reses. Su puerto principal de Bodega Central est situado en el ro Magdalena, Departamento de Bolvar, y all reside la administracin general de la Compaa, contando con suficientes edificios para oficinas y habitacin de los empleados, que rene las condiciones higinicas exigi-
satisfactorio,
The new organization given to the company enables it to keep up a very active and satisfactory traffic; for it has 36 steel canoes of 14 tons each, and two steel launches with four tug boats, with a capacity of 130 tons and roora for 100 head of cattle. The company's principal port, Bodega Central, is located on the Magdalena river, Department of Bolvar, and there the general management of the company has its headquarters, which consists of a sufficient number of buildings for offices and lodging, built with all the sanitary conditions required by the chnate. It has besides offices in Estacin Santander, which have charge of receiving and shipping the cargo brought in by the canoes. Both here and at Bodega Central there are ampie depots with corrugated iron walls and ceilings, which protect them from fire, robbery and the weather.
is negotiating abroad for two steamboats of sufficient run on the Magdalena river, in order to afford greater facilities and advantages to the import and export trade of Santander, nearly all Travelers coming to Bucaraof which is shipped by the company. manga make comfortalile and rapitl journeys via the Lebrija, for the com])any has charge of the national niail service from Bodega Central to Puerto Santos, sending every Monday and Thursday a mail launch, which connects with the exjjress boats of the Magdalena river.
Adems tiene establecidas oficinas en Estacin Sanel clima. tander, encargadas del recibo y despacho de los cargamentos movilizados por las canoas. Tanto en este lugar como en Bodega Central, hay bodegas amplias de hierro corrugado en sus paredes y techos, amparadas as contra incendios, robos y avera. La Compaa tiene en negociacin en el exterior dos vapores de capacidad conveniente para hacerlos viajar en el ro Magdalena y dar mayores facilidades y ventajas al comercio importador y exportador de Santander, cuya carga moviliza casi en su totalidad. Los viajeros a Bucaramanga pueden hacer viajes cmodos y rpidos l)or la va del Lebrija, pues la Compaa hace el servicio de correos nacionales de Bodega Central a Puerto Santos, despachando todos los jueves y lunes una lancha correo en conexin con los vapores expresos
das por
del ro
The company
size to
Magdalena.
Direccin telegrfica:
"Coiwpaa Lebri.ia.
"
Vapor Ocaa
Steamer Ocaa
585
^'apor Victoria
Steamer Victoria
A.
CLAUSSEN
ij
J.
P.
CLAUSSEN, Proprietor
en Socorro en 1913
Founded
in
CERVEZA
KOLA
CLAUSSEN
if^
CLAUSSEN
Registered
Marca Registrada
Mark
Offic.'
of thc
*'La Esperanza"
Departamento de Santander
Fundada en
Capacidad mensual de 30,000 litros, provista de maquinaria para hielo, movida por rueda Pelton de 20 caballos de fuerza.
Proprietor,
Propiedad de
J.
A.
CLAUSSEN
N
S8
Post-office addrcss:
Apartado SS
586
es
propiedad
It is th
M.
Alaron.
M.
Alaron.
It
is
built
on a
lot
having an rea
It
is
con parques y jardines, profusa iluminacin, salones para descansar, y saln para patinar.
and
is
profusely
LA PLAYA
Propietarios:
Alarcn
& Camacho.
Elaboracin con maquinaria
Alarcn
& Camacho
Modern machinery.
Gran
Proprietobs
Large cigarette and cigar factory.
moderna.
Oficinas
Offices
587
Bucaramanga, Colombia
"todos para todos
Capital social Reservas en 30 de junio de 1917
"all for
-\ll"
'^'"^
500,000 00 147,793.99
.
JUNTA DIRECTIVA Director Gerente, V. Ogliastri; Subgerente, Leonardo Ortiz; Principales: Jos Mara Peralta E.; Suplentes: Manuel M. Pieschacn, Antonio Silva, Gustav Volkman, Nstor Castro W., Miguel A. Valenzuela; Secretario-Contandor, Eduardo Martnez Mutis;
Revisor, Rafael A. Contreras. Expide las siguientes plizas:
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Managing Director. V. Oghastri; Assistant Director, Leonardo Ortiz; Principis: Jos Mara Silva, Gustav Volkman, Nstor Peralta E.; Substitutes: Manuel M. Pieschaeon, Antonio Castro W., Miguel A. Valenzuela; Secretary Accountant, Eduardo Martnez Mutis; Auditor, Rafael A. Contreras.
Cooperativa Dotal con Seguro de Muerte Con una cuota inicial mdica y cuotas trimestrales de $6 a S12, segn la edad del asegurado, pagaderas durante 40 Treinta das despus de ventrimestres, garantiza $1,000 oro a la muerte de aqu^l. cido cada trimestre civil, es decir, el treinta de Abril, el 31 de Julio, el 31 de Octubre y el 31 de Enero de cada ao, verifica la Compaa sorteos para adjudicar en vida entre los asegurados en esta pliza que no estn en mora, dotes de a SlOOO a SSOOO oro, y aproximaciones, as; $1,000 00 Desde cuando hubo un asegurado hasta mil, una dote mayor de Desde 1,001 hasta 2,000 asegurados, una 2,000 00 dote mayor de Desde 2,001 hasta 3,000 asegurados, una 3,000.00 dote mayor de Desde 3,001 hasta 4,000 asegurados, una 4,000.00 dote mayor de Desde 4,001 hasta 5,000 asegurados, una 5,000.00 dote mayor de
. .
The Company
issues the
foUowing
policies:
Cooperative Limited- Pa y ment with Bonuses. For a reasonable initial payment and 40 quarterly premiums of $6 to $12, according to the age of the holder, payment of $1000 at death of holder is guaranteed. Thirty days after the end of each civil quarter, that is, on April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31 of every year, the company holda lot-drawing contests or lotteries for the allotment for Ufe among policy holders not in arrears of bonuses of between $1000 and $5000 (dollars), as follows:
there was
1000, onemajor bonus of $1000.00; from 1001 to 2000 holders, one major bonus of $2000.00; from 2001 to 3000 holders. one major bonus of $3000.00; from 3001 to 4000 holders, one major bonus of $4000.00; from 4001 to 5000 holders, one major bonus of $5000.00.
En cada uno de los casos anteriores hay, adems, cuatro aproximaciones, cada una del 10% del valor d. la dote mayor. Desde 5.001 hasta 6,000 asegurados, una S5,000 00 primera dote de 1,000.00 y una segunda dote de Desde 6,001 hasta 7,000 asegurados, una 5,000 00 primera dote de 2,000.00 y una segunda dote de Desde 7,001 hasta 8,000 asegurados, una 5,000 00 .primera dote de 3,000 00 y una segunda dote de Desde 8,001 hasta 9,000 asegurados, una 5,000 00 primera dote de 4,000.00 y una segunda dote de Desde 9.001 hasta 10,000 asegurados, una 5,000 00 primera dote de 5,000.00 y una segunda dote de
. . . . . .
In addition, four minor bonuses, or "approxima10 per cent of the valu of the corresponding major bonus.
tions, " each
From 5001 to 6000 holders, one first bonus of $5000.00, and one second bonus of $1000.00; from 6001 to 7000 holders, one first bonus of $5000.00, and one second bonus of $2000.00; from 7001 to 8000 holders, one first bonus of $5000.00, and one second bonus of $3000.00; from SOOl to 9000 holders, one first bonus of $5000.00, and one second bonus of $4000.00; from 9001 to 10000 holders, one first bonus of $5000.00, and one second bonus of $5000.00.
In addition, in each of the above five cases there will be eight "approximation" bonuses of $500.00 each. At present, a niajor bonus is worth 3000 legal gold pesos, and each corresponding "approximation," 3000 gold pesos.
la dote mayor vale Tres Mil Pesos Oro Legal y cada una de sus cuatro aproximaciones Trescientos Pesos Oro. Los asegurados en esta pliza tienen derecho, des-
Holders of policies of tliis lund are entitled, after paying their premiums for 120 months, to loans of between $300 and $500, according to the age at which the policy was taken, and with no other guarantee than
their policies.
pus de 120 meses de pagos, a prstamos mutuarios de $300 a $500, segn la edad manifestada al asegurarse, y con slo la garanta de sus plizas saldadas. Renta Vitalicia Dotal. Mediante el pago inicial de una pequea cuota y el servicio de 120 mensualidades de a S2.50 a $4 c/u., segn la edad del asegurado, garantiza luego a ste una renta mensual de $10 pagaVerifica la Compaa sorteos dera hasta su muerte. anuales de $500 por cada 500 asegurados en este sistema, especialmente adaptado para nios y jvenes. Mediante un plan de Seguro Prorrogado, puede un individuo asegurarse una renta para los das de su vejez, a razn de $80.00 mensuales.
Entrada a
inicial
las oficinas
Entrance
Income for Life. After a small initial pay120 monthly payments of between $2.50 and $4.00 each, according to age, the holder is entitled to a monthly income of $10.00, payable during the rest of The company holds annual $500.00 lotteries his life. for every 500 holders. This policy is especially adapted By a system of exto children and young people. tended Insurance, holders may secura for their od age
Motilhl-!/
iTKTit ;ind
to Offices
semestral de $14 a $36, en razn de la edad del asegurado, le garantiza una suma de $1000 pagadera a su muerte. Verifica la Compaa sorteos semestrales para distribuir premios a razn de $1 por cada asegurado en este sistema, y cuatro aproximaciones del 10% del valor de aqullos. Otorga seguro prorrogado automticamente despus de transcurridos tres aos de pagos; de modo que el seguro no caduca luego sino al cabo de largusimo tiempo. Garantiza la Compaa sus compromisos con valiosas propiedades territoriales en Bucaramanga y otras ciudades del pas, con crecido nmero de acciones en el Banco de la Mutualidad y con el importe de su capital social. Tiene agencias permanentes en todas las poblaciones de importancia en el pas y en algunas del extranjero. Su organizacin slida y sus brillantes progresos actuales le aseguran un porvenir de grandes y fecundos xitos. Su presencia en una localidad se anuncia por mejoras materiales y ayuda eficaz a sus mutuatarios.
moderada y una
For a reasonable initial payment and semiStraight Life with Cooperative Bonuses. at annual premiums of $14 to $36, according to age of holder, payment of $1000
death of holder
The company holds semi-annual lotteries for the distribution of premiums at cent of the valu of the rate of $1.00 for each holder, and "approximations" of 10 per three years' payIt grants automatically extended Insurance after the premiums. period. of long the end a only at lapses policy ments, so that, after that, the The company guarantees its obligations with valuable land holdings in Bucaraother cities of the republic, with a large number of shares in the Banco
is
guaranteed.
,.
.,
manga and
de
la Mutualidad, as well as with its own capital. some Colombia and It has represe ntati ves in all important cities and towns of it a Its substantial organization and its brilliant success insure to foreign cities. improvemost excellent future. Its presence is everywhere manifested in material holders. its policy rendis to it ments as well as in the effective aid Write for further details. All correspondence receives prompt attentir.n.
Junta Directiva
Board
of Directora
Oficinas
Offices
588
Merchants
hides.
cueros y pieles
Export
and goat
Socorro.
Branch
Propietarios de
New York
de esperma
"La Economa."
Proprietors of the
7.
"La Economa"
7.
Stearic-Candle
Works
Apartado de correos N.
P. O. Address:
Apartado
Telegraph:
"Chedraui."
Samper
2.^ ed.,
A. B. C.
5.=^
ed.,
Lieber's,
Codes:
y
prvate.
Samper 2nd
and
589
Compaa
JUNTA DIRECTIVA:
Director Gerente,
BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
V.
M. Ogliastri,
V.
M. Ogliastri
Managing Director
Principales
Principis
Gustavo Volkmann
Tobas Valenzuela
Elseo Serrano C.
Gustavo Volkmann
Tobas Valenzuela
Elseo Serrano C.
Manuel M. Piesehacn
Nstor Peralta E.
Gabriel Silva Vargas
Manuel M. Piesehacn
Nstor Peralta E.
Gabriel Silva Vargas
Suplentes
Substilutes
Antonio Castro W.
Antonio Castro
W.
Nepomuceno Cadena C.
Jos Celestino Mutis
Nepomuceno Cadena C.
Jos Celestino Mutis
Sub-Gerente
Secrelario,
Leonardo
Assistanl
Manager and
Ortiz
Secretary,
Ortiz
Revisores Fiscales, Rafael A.
treras,
Leonardo
Con-
Fiscal Audilors,
treras,
Rafael A.
Con-
Francisco Azuero
M.
Francisco Azuero
M.
la
orden y
al
trmino.
Deposits on
demand
or for fixed
Compra y venta de
del exterior.
floating
credits;
foreign
and seUing
Su Departamento de Comisiones
en
el
se encarga del
le
despacho y venta
Exterior
le confe.
las principales
del
exterior.
home and
abroad.
590
c.
BUCAEAMANGA, COLOMBIA
Fundada en
1900.
Founded
in 1900
por mayor de drogas, productos qumicos, barnices, brochas, artculos de caucho, drogas patentadas, dulces, licores, ferretera, mercaderas. Sus especialidades Jarabe Yodotnico, Jarabe Americano, Jarabe Gibert, Jarabe yoduro de hierro. Jarabe
Establecimiento
importadox-
vendedor
This store imports and wholesales drugs, chemicals, Yarpatent medicines, liquors,
Its speeialties are hardware, and general merchandise. lodotaiinic, American, Gibert, Iron-iodine, Lime-hypoMashall Mixture, Pophosphate, and Radish syi-ups
;
5. 6. 7. 8.
la Contabilidad.
empaque.
Solucin Mashall, hipofosfito de cal, Jarabe rbano, Pomada Virginal, Vermfugo Nacional, Pelletierina Amoniacal, Gotas vegetales. Solucin de Alquitrn, y las preparaciones contra elefanca patentadas por el Gobierno de
la
mades, National Vermifuge, Ammonia Pelletierine, Vegetable Drops, Tar Mixture, and the leprosy medicines patented by the governmeut of Colombia also, Hunza Syrup,
;
Repblica de Colombia, Jarabe Hunza, Gargarismos San Simn, Pomada Sanativa y Agua Vigorizadora. Todas las
San Simn Gargle, Healing Ointment and Tonic "Water. All these preparations have been patented and the corre-
591
El establecimiento admite consignaciones de productos patentados nuevos que hayan sido anunciadas. Solicita muestras y catlogos de los productos de su negocio. Entrara en una negociacin con casa extranjera para la preparacin y venta en el exterior de sus productos sobre bases satisfactorias. Dichos productos tienen mucha aceptacin en Santander. Solicita igualmente una cantidad igual a la mitad del capital invertido en el negocio de la Droguera del Comercio, para el ensanche de ella y admite un socio. El local donde est establecido el negocio de la Droguera es propio y est avaluado en $30,000 oro americano. Est situado en la parte ms central del comercio de
la ciudad.
sponding trade marks have been registered. They have been awarded gold and silver medals and certificates of honor at the expositions of Santander, Antioquia, Cartagena and Caldas. The firm accepts consignments of patentad produets, and requests samples and catalogues of goods relating to its business. It would gladly enter into negotiations with
foreign firms for the preparation and sale of
abroad.
tander.
The firm
it,
business, in order
and
is
belongs to
it is
part of the
city.
>k:
LA
HAMBURGUESA
Large cigar factory founded in 1902. Uses pur tobceo from the Ro de Oro, Surat and Girn plantations. Has the most modern maehinery made by Cincinnati firms.
Its
Gran fbrica de cigarros puros, elaborados con legtimo tabaco de las vegas de Ro de Oro, Surat v Girn, fundada en 1902. Las elaboraciones de esta fbrica son hechas en las maquinarias ms modernas de las casas de Cincinnati. Sus productos son conocidos en las principales plazas de
la repblica.
produets are
known
markets of the
republic.
Debido a su creciente desarrollo, actividad y honradez en sus compromisos, a la prctica de 17 aos con que cuenta para la exportacin, se encuentra en capacidad de ejecutar cualquier orden que reciba. Toda solicitud debe ser dirigida a Pedro Seplveda,
Carrera 10, N.o 333, 335
Owing to its growing development, its enterprise, honesty and promptness, and to the 17 years experience it has had as an exporter, the factory is in a position to fiU whatever
'
orders
it
may
all
receive.
Address
Pedro Seplveda,
Carrera 10 Nos. 333, 333 and 337.
592
store,
was founded in
is
and today
stores.
one of the
best-stocked
and highest-reputed
J.
Barbour,
and hides
Importacin y Exportacin.
to
The man-
agement of
Gil
its
main
office
in
is
BUCARAMANGA, SaN GiL Y SOCOREO, COLOMBIA. Gran almacn de mercancas y artculos de moda, situado en la Carrera 5a, nmeros 467-469-471-473-475.
H. Barbour and
due.
Their efEorts
Fundado en
el
en da y en la actualidad es uno de
established at 44
S.
Water
Street,
New
J.
Barbour, one of
Son
H. Barbour y
Barbour de na-
the partners.
cionalidad Siria
naturales de Beirut.
la venta de
la
exporta-
and
retail in the
New York
The
coffee
used
is
of
La
y de
directly imported
It is extensively
bian plantations.
in
J.
demand by
its
coffee drinkers,
on account of
guaranteed
purity and
exquisite aroma.
Digno de su constante esfuerzo y laboriosidad es el resultado que han obtenido en su nueva casa fundada en
New
S.
les
bajo
Barbour.
Fuera de
los servicios
desempea dicha
casa,
con
cual
xito
muy
satisfactorio,
el
1^^
BMji
593
^^^^^H^^i>.
al
detal con la
^^ft^^^!i^
1-
1.
.^'^'
muy
conocido y solicitado
55.
"
"TIPOGRAFA.
MERCANTIL"MERCANTILE PRINTERY
BUCABAMANGA, CoLOMBIA
Casa Editorial
fundada
en
el
Publishing
house founded in 1885 by Andrs C.
Nigrinis.
ao de 1S85
por
Andrs
C.
Nigrinis.
Sucesores
Nigrinis Hermanos.
Successors,
Nigrinis Brothers.
Cedena
E Hijo
T.
Cedena
& Son
Successors
to
Sucesores
de
E.
E.
Bucaramanga
Colombia
Bicaratnanga
Colombia
Tehgraph
"Tecadena"
Established
in
Fu establecida en el ao de ISSl en la
1881
on
Calle
2
del
Calle del
Mercado N.os
Mercado,
Nos. 214-222.
Proprietors
also
14-222.
Tambin son
dueos de las Fbricas de
of
the
cigarfactories
"Legitimidad,"
"La Corona,
Bucaramanga.
'Legitimidad,"
Foot BaU" of
establecidas en Bucaramanga.
594
trica
Lebrija
Girn,
Direccin por
Samper.
Bucaramanga, Colombia
Cable: "Penagos."
Casa fundada en 1892 y premiada en varias exposiciones con medalla de oro y diploma de honor. Se encargan del pedido y montura de toda clase de artefactos agrcolas, industriales y para centrales hidroelctricas, en lo que
tienen
Founded
in 1892
ms de 25 aos de
prctica.
Bucaramanga, Colombia
595
MOLINOSBESBATA
COLOMBIA
Planta harinera recientemente establecida en
productora de
trigos,
el
Flour works recently installed in the center of a regin that produces some of the best wheat in the country; machinery from the weU-
de la conocida fbrica
muy
Pelton wheel.
little
La empresa
instalar
prximamente alumbrado
en
The works
las
neighboring
vecinas poblaciones de
Matanza y Surat.
It could also
whieh
it
many
other
facilities.
de fuerza.
La
se
The present
industry,
cost of the
It is the
only flour
muy
la
importante para
la
el
desarrollo
and promises to be
de
la agricultura del
el
Departamento de Santander y
ensanche de
Compaa
el
The company
intends
culti-
propone estimular
miento de
produccin de trigo y
mejora-
los sistemas
all
of
Harinas fabricadas
tradas tan buenas
como
as
Propietario:
Antonio Castro.
Antonio Castro,
596
de
Europa y Estados
United
productos qumicos.
States.
BUCARAMANGA, CLOMBIA
Direccin telegrfica: "Isgoplata"
Bucakamanga, Colombia
Telegraph: Isgoplata
597
PAILLIE
Importacin, Exportacin, Banca
& CIA.
Bucaramanga, Colombia
^
Importan mercancas europeas y norteamericanas. Exportan caf y sombreros Panams.
Direccin por cable: Paillie
Panam
hats.
Cable: Paillie
598
MEDICINAS
DRUGS
PRODUCTOS qumicos
escala, de medicinas y productos Tiene sucursal en Rionegro de Santander, y agencias en las principales ciudades de la Repblica. Es la depositarla en Colombia de la Inyeccin Neisser, especfico que cura la blenorragia en tres das. Contesta toda correspondencia a vuelta de correo, y solicita relaciones con droguistas extranjeros o nacionales.
qumicos.
Importation on a large scale of drugs and chemicals. Branch offices in Rionegro, Santander, and agencies in the principal cities of the republic. It has the agency in Colombia of the Neisser Injection, a specific which cures blennorrhagia in three days. All correspondence answered by return mail. Relations with foreign and domestic druggists desired.
LZARO
F.
Soto
LZARO
F.
Soto, Bucakamanga,
Colombia.
P. O. Address:
Apartado 68.
BucARAMANGA, Colombia.
Telephone:
190.
"Menta."
RAMN VERGEL
portador.
M.
Gener.\l and CoMMissiON Merchant.
ANT>
Impohter
EXPORTER.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Proprietor of the highly reputed "
cigar
Rival", fundada en el ao de 1901, que cuenta con edificio propio y maquinaria moderna para la elaboracin de tales productos, garantizando de esta manera la buena calidad c
cigarrillos *'La Sin
ellos, productos que han sido premiados en varias exposiciones y ltimamente en la de Cartagena en Febrero del ao de 1916.
La Sin Rival
and
and
its
havng
higiene de
se ela-
It
men and
599
CARLOS
Agente y Comisionista
J.
ARDILA
D.
Esta Agencia fu fundada en el ao de 1915. Se hace cargo de toda clase de representaciones de casas nacionales
ta tions from
home and
foreign firms.
extranjeras.
Se agencian infinidad de negocios, tales como comisiones, consignacompra de productos nacionales y extranjeros para despachar por cuenta ajena, venta de cualquier clase de artculos, compra, venta y permuta de bienes muebles e inmuebles, arrendamiento de fincas
ciones,
races, etc., etc.
It does a great variety of businesses, such as commission, consignments, purchase of home and foreign goods for tliird parties, sale of articles of all kinds; sale, purchase and exchange of real estte and other property; renting of real estte, etc., etc. It has a special
drafts,
un departamento especial para descuento de giros, pagars, documentos pblicos y privados, rdenes de pago y de crdito pblico de la Nacin, el Departamento y el Municipio, y en general
tiene
La Agencia
prvate
de toda clase de papeles de valor comercial. Cuenta la Agencia con el concurso y colaboracin de honrados y competentes abogados, para seguridad y garanta de sus clientes. Los negocios de la Agencia estn respaldados con acciones en los Bancos de la Mutualidad, de Santander y de San GU, en la Compaa Colombiana de Mutualidad, en la Compaa Annima del Acueducto de Bucaramanga y en la Empresa de Automviles de Ardila & Ca.
and honest
the support and co-operation of competent guarantee the safety of its patrons. The business of the agency is backed by shares in the Mutualidad, Santander and San Gil Banks,- in the Compaa Colombiana de Mutuahdad, in the Compaa Annima del Acueducto de Bucaramanga, and in the automobile business of Ardila & Co.
la\vyers, to
Representaciones
Represeiations:
Corredor del Banco de Mutualidad. Agente-Solicitador de la Compaa Colombiana de Mutualidad. Sub-Agente en el Departamento de Santander para la venta de Mquinas Protectoras de Cheques y Letras, fabricadas por la Hedman Mfg. Co. de Chicago. Tesorero y Secretario de la Compaa Annima del Acueducto de Bucaramanga. Cajero y Administrador de la Empresa de Automviles de Ardila &
Ca.
Assistant Agent in the Department of Santander for the machmes for the protection of checks and drafts made by the Hedman Manufacturing Company of Chicago.
Compaa Annima
del
Acueducto
de Bucaramanga.
Cashier and Administrator of the automobile firm of Ardila pany.
Apoderado de Vctor Rosana & Ca. de Barranquilla. Agente de ngel D'Errico & Ca. de Barranquilla y Bogot. Agente de Aronna & Ca. de Barranquilla. Agente de infinidad de comerciantes del interior, que sera largo
enumerar.
Referencias bancarias
se deseen.
& Com-
Company
of Barranquilla.
y de
Agent Agent
for for
ngel D'Errico
& Company.
firms,
Aronna
&
Co. of Barranquilla.
Completa
satisfaccin.
Agent
for a great
which
it
would take
Actividad, honradez y correccin. Se solicita correspondencia. Calle 4.a N.o3]472-474. " Direccin telegrfica: "Cardilad. Cdigo: Lieber. Telfono: N.o 55.
may
Entire satisfaction.
Activity, honesty
and
efEciency.
be Cor-
respondenee desired.
Calle
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Telephone: 55.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Telegraph: "Cardilad."
Code: Lieber.
600
BUCARAMANGA
Banca
GIRARDOT
Importing
Exportacin
Exporting
Banking
601
by 80.60 meters), and a twostory large building with spacious dormitories, study and recitation rooms, dining rooms and recreation courts, aU up-to-date. The instruction is carefully conducted and fuUy covers the subjects necessary for the master-of-science degree. It is served by a well organized body of about fifteen professors. It has physical and chemioal laboratories and a hbrary. The sanitary conditions are exceUent, the buildings being well ventilated and provided with modern plumbing and eleetric hght. Notwithstanding the present diEcult situation, the number of pupils Bucaramanga. in 1917 reached 200.
It has
an extensive
lot (131.60
ao
The Ricaurte Infantry Regiment No. 3, garrisoing Bucaramanga, was formed from the Infantry Battalions 5 and 18 in May, 1910. His Excellency General Ramn Gonzlez Valencia, following the new organization established in the republic by the mitary reform brought to Colombia by his Excellency General Rafael Reyes through distinguished Chilean ofiicers, gave to it the glorious ame of Ricaurte, which it bears today as a mark of honor, and enjoined the new Regiment to keep and transmit untarnished to posterity the glory of that ame. Every year there come to the barracks, eager to fulfil that trust, drafted men from
all classes,
to Colonel Ma'ximiliano Bernal (the present incumbent), have all co-operated effectively to give to the regiment the admirable organization, discipHne and education which it has today. The principal and most active work in this respect has been performed by Colonel Rafael Reyes Luna, recently prometed to the rank of General Commander of the Second Brigade, which position he began to fiU after long labor in connection with the regiment. This regimentisdeservedlyreputedoneof the bestunitsiu the Colombiau army.
who receive instruction in all military subjects. The commanders of the regiment, from General EmiUo Mendoza
Oficiis
Officers
Bucaramanga, El Regimiento de Infantera Ricaurte nmero 3, de guarnicin en 1910. se form con los batallones 5 y IS de Infantera, en mayo de de la nueva virtud en Valencia, Gonzlez Ramn El Excelentsimo Seor General por el Exceorganizacin impuesta al pas por la reforma militar trada a Colombia le di entonces lentsimo Seor General Rafael Reyes en distinguidos oficiales chilenos, como timbre de honor, para que lo el glorioso nombre de Ricaurte, que hoy lleva mantuviera y transmitiera intacto a la posteridad. conscriptos de todas clases Fieles a esa consigna pasan anualmente por el cuartel que vienen a recibir conocimientos en las distintas materias militares. hasta el Coronel Maximiliano Mendoza Emilio General Sus Comandantes, desde el poner al Bernal (actual), todos cul ms cul menos, han cooperado eficazmente a Regimiento en el brillante pie de organizacin, disciplina e instruccin en que se enRafael Coronel seor al principal activa y cuentra hoy, tocndole en ella parte muy Brigada, Reyes Luna, ascendido recientemente a General Comandante de la Segunda con puesto que pas a desempear despus de continuada labor en bien de aqul, que ejrcito colombiano. justicia se precia de ser una de las primeras unidades del
602
Hardware Store
It has a varied supply imported from the best American and European firms. It has been established a great many yeara, and the personnel have had the necessary experience to protect its customers. The department of agricultural and industrial machinery s very complete. Machinery for domestic purposes; bicyclea, typewriters. etc. The department of metis includes all the metis ordinarily used. The too department is sufficiently ampie to meot all requirements and to follow the well established custom to exchange every guaranteed tool that proves defective. Complete stock of picture mouldings and glasses, enamels, paints and varnishes, jewelry, watches, optical articles, kitchen outfits, drawing articles and objects for
presenta.
La correspondencia
y una numerosa clientela. Agencia y Depsito nico en Santander de laa renombradas medicinas "Bayer." Agencia de las lmparas elctricas "Daylos," "Eveready," las mquinas de afeitar "Ever-Ready," el desinfectante "Hypozone," las pastillas e inyecciones " Conocida, los tornos y mquinas J. F. Barnea, etc. Calle 5a. Nos. 355 a 365. Apartado postal No. 38. Claves: A. B. C. 5a ed. mejorada, Bucaramanga, Colombia. y Lieber. Direccin por cable: "Christian."
Correspondence kept in Spanish, English, Germn, Danish and French. The firm requests exclusive agencies, for which it has the advantage of an extensive territory large number of patrons. It is the only agent and representative in Santander of the famous Bayer medicines. It is also the agent for the "Daylos" and "Eveready" electric lamps, "Ever-Ready" safety razors, the "Hypozone" disinfectant, the "Gonocide" tablets and injections, the J. F. Barnes lathes and machinery, etc., etc.
and a
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Calle 5a Nos. 355
lo
365.
Cable:
"Christian."
ORDNEZ HERMANOS
Especialistas en toda clase de artculos de lujo.
Porcelanas, Perfumera, Calzado americano, marcas de primera calidad, Corsets Kabo, Relojes Waltham, Joyera, Sedas.
All de luxe articles a specialty. Porcelains, perfumery, American shocs of thu bcst makes, Kabo Corsets, Waltham watches, jewelry, and silka.
doras Sharples.
Maquinara y mquinas para artes y oficios, industrias, etc. Mquinas desnataMolinos para maz y toda clase de granos Corona. Mquinas para coser, "El Hogar."
telas de algodn, mantas, diagonales blancos, lienzos colorea, amsrican 3S e ingleses, mantas de color, gneros fantasa para trajes de seoras, zarazas americanas, varias
Machinery for arts and crafts and all industrial work. Sharples crcam scparators. and other grains. "El Hogar" sewing machines.
china, hardware, cotton fabrics, white canvas, blankets. Unen, colured
for ladies'
Enameled
heavy fabrics for wearing apparel, English linen goods, fancy fabrics apparel, American calices of various makes, etc.
wearing
Represe uta ti ves of American shoe, machinery, watch and other concerns.
relojes, etc.
Wines, brandies and beers, from the best Spanish, French and American firms.
Casa principal en Bucaramanga: Calle Real Nos. 501 a 509. Carrera 11 Nos. 101 a 195. Apartado de correos No. 19. Telgrafo: "Roe." Bucaramanga. Casa en Bogot: 2a Calle Florin Nos. 357 y 359. Apartado de correos No. 55S. Telgrafo: "Okdoezhs," Bogot.
11
359.
fo-,,*!,}.
Apartado ooS.
"Ordoezh?"
603
H O'R IZ O N T E S
A
quincenal fundada en 1913, dirigida por Padres de la Compaa de Jess, del Colegio de San 0.24 x Formato: Pedro Claver.
Revista
1913, directed
by
tlie
Fathers of the
Company
of Jess of the
San Pedro
Claver College. Format: 0.24 by 0.16 m.; 24 reading and S advertising pages. The piupose of the re-
Horizontes propS de avisos. nese despertar iniciativas y abrir extensos campos para el desarrollo
religioso, moral, literario, cientfico,
view is to stimulate initiative and to open up fields for the religious, moral, Uterary, scientific, pedagogic, industrial, commercial and agricultural development of Colombia. The success it has had is evidenced by the approval of the Colombian
clergy, its large circulation at
home
Colaboran en mejores literatos. ella eminentes escritores del pas. Tiene imprenta propia. Suscripcin
anual:
and abroad, the high esteem in which it is held by our cultured society, and the favorable oomments made on it by our best writers. Among its contributors are some of the most prominent writers in the
It has its own printery. Yearly subscription, 1 dollar. P. O. and ielegraph address: "Hori-
republie.
$1 oro.
Direccin postal
telegrfica:
zontes"
BUCAKAMANGA, ColiOMBlA
LEGA HERMANOS
Importadores y Exportadores
Casa fundada en el ao de 1900. Casa principal en Bucaranianga; Sucursal en San Gil y Socorro (Colombia, Departamento de Santander).
Importadores de Mercancas. Exportadores de Frutos del
pas (Caucho, Caf, Cueros, etc.). Comisionistas.
rubber,
coffee,
hides, etc.
Commission business.
Las relaciones comerciales que esta Casa tiene establecidas con otras importantes de Estados Unidos de Amrica, de Inglaterra, Francia, y Espaa, le permiten atender en muy ventajosas coadiciones a su clientela, la que aumenta diariamente por loa beneficios que obtiene en sus negocios y por la actividad con que se le atiende. Esto hace que en la rnisma
proporcin aumenten sus importaciones. Direccin postal: Lega Hermanos, Apartado No. 5S. Calle 5a. Nos. 229-231-233-235. Direccin telegrfica: "Lega." Cdigos en uso: A. B. C. 5a.
ed.,
The commercial relations that this firm has wth important United States, Engsh, French and Spanish firms enable
it
most
satisfactorily.
The number
of
constantly increasing, owing to the advantages they derive from our service and the proraptness with which their orders are attended to, all of which aids them in extending their
these
commercial operations.
Calle 5a Nos.
229-235,
Bucaramanga, Colombia
P. O. Address: Apartado 5S
Samper
2a. ed.
Telegraph: "Lega."
Codes: A. B. C. 5th
cd.,
Samper 2d
ed.
Bucaramanga,' Colombia
604
VILLAMIZAR HERMANOS
Importadores de Mercancas
Propietarioa de la Fbrica de Cigarros *'La Habana" Esta fbrica fue fundada en el ao de 1902 y ha sido premiada en cuatro exposiciones. Elaboracin exclusiva del tabaco de nuestras mismas cosechas en las Vegas de "Ro de Oro," en cuyo cultivo ae emplean los mtodos ms modernos seguidos en la Isla de Cuba. De ah que sus productos puedan competir con los ms finos de aquella procedencia.
Merchandise Importers
Proprietors of
"La Habana'*
Cigar Faclory
Habana" "Ro de Opo ms conocida en todo el pas, por su excelente calidad y elaboracin esmeradsima (lo cual lo certifican las ms altas recompensas recibidas
"La.
This factory was founded in 1902 and has received prizes at four expcaitions. We use exclusively tobceo rom our own plantation "Ro de Oro," where the best methods used in Cuba are followed. That is why our products can compete with the best
are among the best known brands of cigars in the country, 'on account of their excellent quality and moat careful manufacture, as is attested by the highest awarda received at five expositions. Our "Gran Legitimidad" cigarettca are the only onea made by machinery with first class materials, which ia their best recommendation to smokers of good taste. Villamizar Brothers have at their disposal, or the making of cigars and cigarettea, excellent permanent leaf-tobacco depots, the tobceo coming from their own plantation; all of which guarantees the good quaUty of their products, distinguished from others by their mildneaa, aroma and pleasing taste.
Ea
la
marca de
cigarros
en cinco exposiciones).
Son los nicos elaborados en mquina con materiales de primera calidad, constituye la mejor recomendacin para loa fumadorea de buen gusto.
que
ViLLAMizAR Hermanos Son ios fabricantes de cigarros y cigarrilloa que cuentan con buenos depsitos permanentes de tabaco en rama de propios cultivos, lo que garantiza la buena calidad de sus productos, que ae distinguen siempre por su suavidad, aroma y buen gusto.
Direccin telegrfica:
"Habanera."
Carrera
10.''_
N."^ 122-124-126.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Carrera 10a. Nos. 122-126.
Telegraph: '"Habanera."
Bucaramanga, Colombia-
Fbrica "La Habanera" de cigarros y cigarrillos~"La Habanera'' Cigar and Cigarette Factory
Impobting
Expoeting
correspondents:
Banking
New York
Cdigo:
W. R.
Grace
&
BXJCAHAMANGA, COLOMBIA
P. O. Address:
Apartado 66.
ed.
605
IMPORTADORES
BUCARAM.\NGA, COLOMBIA
Apartado de correos N.
Direccin por cable:
28.
IMPORTERS
BUCARAMANGA, COLOMBIA
P. O. Address:
Apartado
28.
"LPEZ."
5
Cable: "Lpez."
letras.
Code: Lieber
letters.
Droguera en general
Negocios
Porcelana y Cristalera
Business
China and Glasswafe
CHLELA HERALVNOS
Comerciantes
Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
Comisionistas
CHLELA BROTHERS
COMMISSION AND GeNERAL
Merchants
established at Bucaramanga in 189S. It handies the importation and sale of merehandise of all kinds and exports coffee, cattle hides, straw hats and other hoine articles. It has branches in the towns of San Gil, Socorro and Barichara, which form important factors for the development and successfui operation of the business. They have a special department, devoted to commission business, which gives all kinds of guarantees to its numerous patrons. The head and founder of the firm is Mr. Julio J. Chlela. The other partners are Messrs. Pablo, Zhaither and Abraham Chlela. The firm is a stock holder in the Banco de la Mutualidad, Compaa Colombiana de Mutualidad, Banco de Santander, Compaa del Acueducto, and Empresa Harinera de Florida, founded by the firm. It is also a partner in the automobile business of Ardila and Company,
firn
Casa de comercio establecida en Bucaramanga en el ao de 1S9S, que se encarga de la Importacin y venta de toda clase de mercancas y Exportacon de caf, cueros de res, sombreros de paja y otros artculos
del pas.
Commercial
Cuenta con sucursales en las poblaciones de San Gil, Socorro y Barichara, que son elementos importantes en el desarrollo y buena marcha de sus negocios.
Tiene un departamento especial dedicado al ramo de comisiones, que da toda clase de garantas a su numerosa clientela. Jefe y fundador de la Casa, Seor D. Julio J. Chalela. Socios de la Casa, Seores Pablo, Zhaither v Abraham Chlela. Accionistas en el Banco de la Mutualidad. Compaa Colombiana de Mutualidad, Banco de Santander, Compaa del Acueducto, Empresa harinera de Florida, de la cual fueron fundadores, y Socios de la Empresa de automviles Ardila & Ca. Direccin telegrfica "Ch.ilel." Apartado N. 15. Cdigos: Samper y Lieber.
BUCAR.*.M.A.?GA,
SANTANDER, COLOMBIA.
Telegraph: "C/ialela."
606
"EL LIBERAL"
Semanario fundado en Bucaramanga, por su actual propietario don Rodolfo Azuero, el 1. de enero de 1912. Es el peridico de mayor circulacin e importancia en el Departamento de SanSe publica todos los sbados tander. en nmero de diez mil ejemplares. Es el peridico preferido por los anunciaSu dores europeos y americanos.
tarifa
weekly founded in Bucaramanga present owner, Don Rodolfo Azuero, on January 1, 1912. It has
by
its
is
considered
Department of Santander. It is issued every Saturday, the edition consisting of 10,000 copies. It is the newspaper
preferred
advertisers.
terms are
single-
15
cents
column
lineal inch.
BucABAMANGA, Colombia.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
"EL PROGRESO"
Semanario poltico y de intereses generales; en Bucaramanga, bajo la direccin del seor Mario Garca Pea; su edicin alcanza a 3000 ejemplares, tiene imprenta propia y un servicio esmerado de corresponsales y colaboradores, lo cual ha hecho que sea el ms popular de los semanarios de Santander y le ha asegurado las simpatas del pblico. Fu fundado en 1915 por el seor Jorge R. Pieschacn y desde entonces ha continuado regularse edita
Weekly
and
matters of
general
interest.
Published at
Bucaramanga, iinder the direction of Mr. Mario Garca Pea. Each edition consists of 3000
cultural y poLa pubUcacin cuenta con un gran nmero de avisos nacionales y extranjeros y
sostiene buenas relaciones con importantes Antes de un mes "El casas anunciadoras.
Progreso" se har bisemanario, para complacer en lo que tantas veces han pedido sus favorecedores y servir as con mayor actividad y seguramente con mayor eficacia los importantes intereses que defiende.
and a first-class and contributors; all of which makes this publication the most popular weekly in Santander. It was founded in 1915 by Mr. Jorge R. Pieschacn, and ever since has regularly done very beneficial political and cultural work. It publishes a very large nimiber of national and foreign advertisements, and has good relations with important advertising firms. Within a month El Progreso will be issued twice a week, in order to comply with the repeated requests of its readers, and at the same time serve better the important intercopies; it has its
own
printery
service of correspondents
ests of
which
it is
the organ.
ramo
Compaa de Se-
Compaa de Seguros
Agentes exclusivos para el Departamento de la afamada Sastrera Dewsbuet & Son de Londres.
Exclusive agents in the department for the famous Dewsbury and Son's tailor shop of London.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
nios, juguetes,
Importer on a large scale of ehoice articles gentlemen and childi-en. Toys and fancy articles suitable for presents; dressmakfor ladies,
Founded
in 1910.
Fundado en
Vicente
201205, 403406.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Telegraph:
" Vinmediato.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
fWcs;
.4.
B. C. 4th
and
.5th ed.,
and
Lieber's.
607
A.
ALJURI &
BucARAMANGA, Colombia
Casa de Importacin y Exportacin,, fun-
Real Nos.
US
lo
445
dada
el
20 de agosto de 1897.
Gran
surtido
Telegraph: "Aljuri."
de mercancas. menor.
Branohes
iii
August
chandise.
20,
1897.
Large
stock
retail
of
mer-
Wholesale
and
busmess
443^45.
AU
PEDRO
Comerciante y Comisionista
Miembro de la Cmara de Comercio de Bucaramanga. Representante al Congreso de Cmaras de Comercio en 1917. Importacin Directa de Mercancas. Casa fundada en 1902.
Renglones principales: Librera, Juguetes, Vinos para consagrar. Tintes para teir. Establecimiento para ventas al por mayor: Almacn de Variedades N. 1 del Pasaje Cadena, Calle 5a. N.os 477-479. Establecimientos para ventas al por menor: Tienda "San Jos," Tienda "Moderna," en el
E.
NOVOA
and Commission Merchant
manga. Member merce Congress.
General
Main
specialties: pie*
church
Wholesale store:
del Pasaje
mercado
principal.
Se encarga de la compra de artculos dej pas; especialmente de sombreros de jipijapa (Panams). Referencias de primer orden. Atiende toda correspondencia relacionada con estos asuntos en francs,
ingls
Cadena, Calle 5a, Nos. 477-479. Retail stores: "San Jos" store and "Moderna' store in the main market place. Buys all kinds of native articles, especially Pana-
hats.
First-class references.
Correspondence in French,
y espaol.
Direccin telegrfica:
"Penovoa."
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Telegraph: "Penovoa."
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
LEONARDO PILONIETA
Calle 4, N.os 410 y 414.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
commercial credit in
Direccin telegrfica: "Pilonieta."
all
them
todo hecho a
mano y con
commands
Daily production,
los
100 pairs.
Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Calle 4, Nos. 41O-414.
Telegraph: "Pilonieta."
N.
Sucesores de
N. Cadena e Hijos
Importadores, Exportadores y Banqueros.
Especialistas en artculos de Ferretera
Quincallera.
Hardware a
specialty
Bucaramanga^ Colomhia.
Bucaramanga, Colombia
608
SAN GIL
Ciudad del Departamento de Santander, situada sobre una elevada colina cuya base concurre a encausar las aguas
tumultuosas del ro Fonce. Esta construccin caprichosa, en anfiteatro, es sin duda alguna el mayor encanto que ofrece San Gil a la vista de sus visitantes, pues le da aspecto de coliseo Romano, posicin que contribuye por otra parte a mantenerla en el ms completo aseo porque las lluvias arrastran con violencia y conducen al ro todas las basuras que hallan por calles y paseos. La temperatura media de San Gil es de 23 centgrados, pero en los fuertes ^ calores del verano sube hasta unos 26. La altura a que se
.
Department of Santander, situated on a along the base of which fiows the torrential Fonce river. This location and the arrangement of the houses gives to the town the aspect of a Romn coliseum and contributes besides to its perfect cleanliness, as all rubbish and refuse of the streets are quickly washed down inte the river by the rain. The average temperature of San Gil is 23 C. However, during the warm season the temperature sometunes rises to 26. The elevation of the city above sea-level is 1099 meters. The city is
city o the
high
hill,
28 myriameters from the capital of the republic. It has a population of 12,000 inhabitants. It is laid out into 107
blocks, formedby 17 cross streets, intersected byeight longitudinal avenues
(carreras)
que
la
separa de la
capital de la repbli-
ca es de 28 mirimetros. Tiene esta ciudad 12,000 habitantes y est compuesta por 107 manzanas, formadas por 17 calles transversales,
im-
cortadas por 8
carreras longitudinales.
or
its
signados se advierte causes, claramente que San which the public Gil no debe su imRo San Gil San Gil River spirit, industriousportancia ni a su exness and honesty of its people are the most noteworthy. tensa poblacin ni al crecido nmero de sus edificios; dbela a The San Juan de Dios Hospital, which is one of the best varias otras causas, entre las cuales descuellan el espritu pin the republic, is located on a very picturesque spot, on a blico, la laboriosidad y la proverbial honradez de sus hijos. plateau extending over the part of the hill where the city El Hospital de San Juan de Dios, que es uno de los lies. North of the hospital a poor house has recently been mejores del pas, se halla situado en pintoresco lugar, sobre built. On the southeast comer of the plaza, the College una planicie que forma en su parte media la colina en que Sobre el costado norte del edificio se of San Jos de Guanent is located; it is a substantially and se asienta la ciudad. elegantly constructed building, with capacity for 150 stulevanta el asilo de indigentes, de reciente construccin. En Several noted Colombians were educated at this dents. la esquina S. E. de la plaza se halla situado el Colegio de college; among them Bishop Juan de la Cruz Gmez Plata San Jos de Guanent, en un edificio de construccin slida and Messrs. Diego Hernando Gmez, Florentino Gonzlez, y elegante, capaz de albergar cmodamente 150 estudiantes. Andrs Rosillo, and Rito Antonio Martnez. En este colegio recibieron educacin varios hombres que In 1906 a stock company was formed in San Gil for luego tuvieron renonbre en el pas, entre los cuales se menthe founding of the San Gil bank, an institution enjoying cionan el Obispo Juan de la Cruz Gmez Plata y los high credit in the Department of Santander and known seores Diego Hernando Gmez, Florentino Gonzlez, Anthroughout the republic for its honesty. drs Rosillo y Rito Antonio Martnez. A very important and useful institution is the San Antonio En el ao de 1906 se form en San Gil una compaa Orphan Asylum, founded at San Gil in 1864. There, inannima y estableci el Banco de San Gil, institucin que struction is given in practical arts and trades to girls of the goza de gran crdito en el Departamento de Santander y working classes that are poor and have no one to provide es conocido en toda la repblica por el sello de honradez One block from the principal plaza is the large for them. que llevan todas sus negociaciones. building that the society of St. Vincent de Paul erected in Muy importante y de gran utilidad para San Gil es el 1872 to 1878. Orfelinato de San Antonio, establecimiento fundado en The principal church of San Gil is a substantial and grace1864. En este asilo reciben enseanza prctica de artes y It dates from ful structure, made with large stone blocks. oficios las muchachas del pueblo que no tienen proteccin the eighteenth century. ni bienes de fortuna para atender a sus necesidades. A una The town hall lies on the eastern side of the main square. cuadra de la plaza principal se levanta un amplio edificio It is a large building of comparatively modern architecture, que la Sociedad de San Vicente de Pal hizo construir nearly all of it being of masonry. por los aos de 1872 a 1878. There are three good public-school buildings. One of El templo principal de San Gil es una obra shdamente them was inaugurated on the classical date of the Centenary construida, de grandes bloques de piedra graciosamente of the Independence, and is located on the San Juan de tallados, y su edificacin se remonta al siglo XVIH. Dios plazuela. La casa consistorial se halla en el costado oriental de la There are in the city three iron bridges. The principal plaza principal. Es un edificio amplio de arquitectura relativaone goes across the Fonce river, on the road leading to the mente moderna y construido en su mayor parte de cal y canto. capital of the republic; it is one of the handsomest and Los locales para escuelas pblicas son tres y todos sirven best-built bridges in the country. The other two are suspenperfectamente al objeto a que estn destinados. Uno de sin bridges crossing the Curit brook (quebrada). estos locales fu inaugurado en la clsica fecha del Cen-
among
609
Posee la poblacin tres puentes de hierro; el principal se rgidamente tendido sobre el Fonce, en la va que conduce a la capital de la repblica; es uno de los puentes ms elegantes y de mejor construccin del pas. Los otros dos son colgantes y se hallan tendidos sobre la quebrada de Curit. En 1893 una compaa annima estableci un acueducto de tubera de hierro galvanizado, que funciona con toda regularidad y suministra el agua necesaria a la poblacin.
In 1893 a stock company installed an aqueduct made of galvanized iron. It works with entire fegularity and supplies all the water needed by the population.
The
hght
service.
At the beginning of 1909 the normal school for young was established. It is supported by the national govermnent and works very satisfactorily.
ladies
The
is
agriculture.
La planta elctrica suministra un satisfactorio de alumbrado. A principios del ao de 1909 fu creada la Escuela Normal de Institutoras, establecimiento que ha funcionado con notable regularidad y que sostiene el gobierno de la nacin. La principal industria ejercida por los sangeos es la agricultura y, aun cuando las tierras que forman el municipio son calizas, arcillosas o muj' pedregosas, pero en todo caso desprovistas de agua, los labriegos consiguen arrancarles abundantes cosechas de maz, algodn, caa de azcar, caf, tabaco, etc.; la vid prospera a mara\illa en San Gil, donde es frecuente ver emparrados que producen hasta 200 Se cultiva tambin con la uva morada, la muy racimos.
servicio
Although the
ineluded within the municipality is calcareous, arglaceous or very rocky and devoid of water, the farmers manage to raise abundant crops of corn, cotton, sugar-cane, coffee, tobceo, etc. The grape vine thrives very well at San Gil, where one oftens sees arbors producing as manj' as 200 bunches. The beautiful and sweet muscat grape is also raised.
muy dulce uva moscatel. Sigue en importancia la industria de tejidos de algodn; mantas, lienzos y listados para camisa, telas de que viste Tambin se producen basel pueblo casi en su totalidad. tantes sombreros de Panam y de hoja de caa; alfombras de lana para camas y para monturas, tapices, alpargatas, lazos, mochilas y sacos de empaque, tejidos de fique e infinidad de artculos con los cuales sostiene San Gil activo comercio con los pueblos del norte de Colombia y los del Departamento de Boyac. A inmediaciones de la ciudad se encuentran tres hermosos y potentes saltos de agua, formados por la quebrada de Curit al precipitarse de una altura aproximada de 20 Debajo de la tercera cascada se encuentra una metros. pequea caverna de que antiguamente se extraan cantidades no despreciables de alumbre. En Macai-egua, a 16 kilmetros de San Gil, se encuentra ima caverna profunda en donde existe gran cantidad de nitro. A cosa de 2 kilmetros de la poblacin se encuentra una notable curiosidad arqueolgica llamada Cueva de la AnConstitj^ela profunda y laberntica caverna, que tigua. debi ser palacio suntuoso de los indios gitanes: el \sitante se pasea por amplios salones o tiene que deslizarse por angostos pasadizos y reducidos tneles, que hacen peligrosas y difciles las excursiones por aquella mansin indgena. Se hallan en abundancia osamentas humanas, flechas y cacharros o vasijas de barro, que pertenecieron a nuestros
hermosa y
The next industry in importance is that of cotton f abrios, which includes blankets and goods for the making of clothing articles. Other objects manufactured are Panam and straw hats, wooUen mats for beds and saddles, rugs, fiber sandals [alpargatas), lassoes, bags, and a great many other fiber articles, which San Gil sells in the to^vTis of northern Colombia and the Department of Boyac.
Near the
city there are three beautiful large cataracts,
formed by the Curit brook (quebrada), in falling through a height of about 20 meters. Below the third fall there is a small cave, from which in former times considerable quantities of alum were extracted. At ISIacaregua, 16 kilometers from San Gil, there is a deep cave containing a great deal of
nitrate.
logical curiosity
About 2 kilometers from the city there is a famous archeoknown as the Cueva de la Antigua (Ancient Cave). It is a very deep and labyrinthine cave, which must
have been a magnificent palace of the Guan Indians. It contains very large chambers, narrow passages and small tunnels, and walking through that peculiar Indian mansin In it there are large quantities of is somewhat dangerous. hmnan remains, arrows and earthen vessels, all of which belong to the aboriginal dwellers. In a distant spot, which shows to have been a cemetery, there is a tomb, rising above the others and better built, in the form of a vault;
tradition says that
it
caciques of Guan.
cave
is
tra,versed
At a great depth from the surface, the by a water stream, which falls -n-ith a
En apartado sitio, que revela haber sido en aborgenes. otro tiempo cementerio, se encuentra un tmulo ms elevado y mejor construido, en forma abovedada, que la tradicin dice estar guardando las cenizas de uno de los principales caciques de Guane. En parte bastante profunda, atra\'iesa la cueva un raudal de agua, que desciende con estridente
estrpito, causando el espanto de quienes por prhnera vez De esta cueva suelen extraer visitan aquel raro recinto. los campesinos cantidades no despreciables de nitro. Bella Isla es un fresco y amensimo lugar de recreo, donde
great noise, and seldom fas to frighten those that visit that strange place for the irst time. The country people often extract considerable quantities of nitrate from this
cave.
is a very cool and most attractive recreation where the inhabitants of San Gil often go to spend two or tlu-ee days of rest. The island is located at the junction of the Fonce river and the Curit brook. The latter divides into two branches on entering the river, and so the
Bella Isla
spot,
suelen pasar das de delicioso esparcimiento los sangeos. Baa el islote el ro Fonce, con su raudo y bullicioso correr,
abrazan cariosamente las mansas y musitantes aguas quebrada de Cmit, que se bifurcan al entrar en el Bella-Isla es, pues, delta de dicha quebrada, f ne al ro. islote con la ciudad el puente colgante llamado de Carlos Martnez Silva, lo que facita a los paseantes el ir a oxigenar sus pulmones en aquel parque natm-al, formado de aosos rboles, revestidos de musgo, que sombrean la esmeralda de mullido tapiz y dan al paisaje vividos tonos, de una policroma encantadora.
lo
de
la
island is really the delta of the brook. The island is connected with the city by the Carlos Martnez Silva suspensin bridge, whicli makes it easy for the inhabitants to go to breathe the fresh air of that beautiful natural park, formed by immense trees covered vth moss and casting their shade on a carpet of green, all of which forms a most charming
landscape.
San Gil is the birthplace of many noted Colombians, and it figures as one of the in the history of the Independence cause. noble that of defenders strongest
610
La Provincia de Zapatoca, creada por Ley 162 de 1896, compone de los Municipios de Zapatoca, su capital;
The Province
consists
of
the
Barichara, Betulia, Cabrera, Chima, Galn, Hato, Palmar, San Vicente de Chucur y Simacota, y cuenta con 59,834 habitantes, segn el censo levantado en el ao de 1912.
Barichara, Betulia, Cabrera, Chima, Galn, Hato, Palmar, San Vicente de Chucur, and Simicota. It has a population of 59,834, according to the 1912 census.
Salto Blauo
Blanco
Falls
Su
hacia
territorio
el ro
comprende grandes explanadas inclinadas Surez, que lo divide por el medio, todas ellas
pobladas y cultivadas; cerros escarpados, peascos desnudos de vegetacin en unas partes y en otras cubiertos de ella; largas hileras de cerros cuyos peascos desquiciados se ocultan entre bosques frondosos, y llanuras inmensas que van hasta el ro Magdalena cubiertas de colosal vegetacin.
Itsterritoryincludes vast slopes running down towards the Surez river, which runs through it. AU these slopes are There are also rugged well inhabited and cultivated. covered with vegeothers and bare peaks, large crags, some tation; long rows of peaks whose rocks project mto deep forests, and immense plains extending to the Magdalena river, and covered with luxuriant vegetation.
\'ista
i-le
Zai)atoca
View
of
Zapatoca
611
The Opn Valley, a privileged regin within which is accumulated wealth of incalculable valu, has a wonderful flora and fauna; a great abundance of cabinet and building timber, resins, balsams, textiles and dyes; a great variety of fishes, quadrupeds and birds; all of which shows the great fertility of the regin, which might be exploited by
Paso de El Tablazo,
rio
caza de cuadrpedos y aves anuncian la rara feracidad de aquellos vrgenes parajes y llaman ima colonizacin robusta, De variadas temperaturas, con una inteligente y activa. superficie de 32 mirimetros cuadi-ados y con fcil comunicacin con Antioquia y los departamentos de la costa, puede contener una poblacin de 400,000 habitantes. Posee la provincia el puerto de Barrancabermeja, que comunica con Zapatoca por medio de un buen camino de herradura y por donde durante el ao de 1916 se importaron 2468 bultos y se exportaron 10,613. Barrancabermeja es un bello punto elevado sobre el ro Magdalena y uno de los mejores puertos de l por su fcil acceso para las embarcaciones mayores y porque su chma es el ms sano de las riberas del expresado ro; es completamente plano y seco, de ima extensin considerable, con agua potable en abundancia y con todas las condiciones necesarias para el asiento de una poblacin importante que ya empieza a levantarse debido a la explotacin de minas de petrleo y a la va que lo une con el interior de Santander. La variedad de climas favorece la variedad de producciones, y as se encuentran las de tierra fra junto a las de tierra caliente. Produce en abundancia cacao, caf, caa de azcar, tabaco, algodn, trigo, maz, arroz, ans, fique, cocos;
The temperature is active and intelligent colonization. variable. The surface of the province is 32 square myriameters. It has convenient communication with Antioquia and the maritime departments. It can support a population
of 400,000 inhabitants.
The province owns the port of Barrancabermeja, which connects with Zapatoca by means of a good bridle road, through which 200,468 pareis were imported and 10,613 exported in 1916. This port is a beautiful town, overlooking the Magdalena river, and one of the best ports on that river, owing to its suitability for large boats and to the fact that its climate is the most healthful on the shores of the
on perfectly level ground of considerclimate is dry; there is potable water in abundance, and the locality has all the necessary conditions for the creation of an important city, which has already begun to be developed, aided by the exploitation of the oil wells, and by the road that connects the province with the interior of Santander. The variety of climates favors an equal variety of products, among which are found both those of cold climates and those of hot climates. The province produces in large quantities cacao, coffee, sugar cae, tobceo, cotton, wheat,
Magdalena.
It lies
able extent;
its
ro
Sogamoso
El Tablazo Crossing,
612
Sogamoso River
Casa de Gobierno
finita
Government
Building
Zapatooa
variedad de flores y frutas; resinas, como algarrobo, caraa, caucho, laurel, incienso, vegetal, otoba, etc. En cuanto a minerales se encuentran en abundancia minas, sin explotar, de cobre, plomo sulfurado, carbn o hulla, azufre, talco, sal, nitro, cristal de roca, yeso, caparrosa, alumbre, brea, petrleo, salitre, y abundan los lechos de pizarra y los depsitos de arcilla plstica fina. Grandes dehesas de ganado vacuno, caballar, mular, lanar, cabro y de cerda dejan comprender Jk riqueza del suelo que ocupa una de las ms extensas y ricas provincias de Santander del Sur. Atraviesan el territorio de la Provincia el ro Suarez o Sogamoso, que slo es adaptable a la navegacin en 7J^ mirimetros; y el Opn y el Oponcito, navegables en ms de 6 mirimetros, afluentes del ro Magdalena, que es el principal de la Repblica y que igualmente baa la Provincia sirvindole de lmite con el Departamento de Antioquia. Afluente del Sogamoso existe el Chucur, que recorre la frtil y rica regin de San Vicente. Las rentas que el Departamento cobra en la Provincia producen anualmente ms de $45,000 y las municipales ascendieron en 1916 a $23,937.67. Funcionan 68 escuelas de instruccin primaria con 2819 alumnos, y el Departamento gasta anualmente $1156 en pago de maestros. El Municipio tiene destinados para cons-
etc, medicinal
flowers
and aromatic pjants, an infinite variety of and f ruits, resins, laurel, vegetable incens, nutmeg, etc.
As to minerals, there are copper mines, not yet developed, and also lead sulphide, coal, sulphur, rock crystal, gypsum, copperas, alum, tar, petroleum, and nitrate. There are rich slate fields and deposits of fine plstic clay. The large cattle, horse, mul, sheep, goat and swine herds further show the vast wealth of the province, which occupies one of the most extensive and rich regions of Santander del Sur. The province is traversed by the Surez or Sogamoso river, which is navigable only for a distance
of 73/2 miles;
rivers,
which
are navigable in a distance of more than six myriameters and empty into the Magdalena river. The latter, one of the principal rivers of the republic, forms the boundary between
One of the province and the Department of Antioquia. the tributarles of the Sogamoso is the Chucur, which runs through the fertile regin of San Vicente. The revenues collected by the department in this province amount to more than 45,000 doUars a year, and the municipal revenues amounted in 1916 to 23,937.67 dolUars. There are 68 primary schools with 2819 pupils, and the department spends annually 1156 dollars for teachers.
Iglesia principal
Main
613
Churoh
Zapatoca
The
los
Municipios de
la
Provincia
mimicipalities have voted 7706 dolais yearly for the construction of scliools and for furniture. There are besides high schools in Zapatoca, Barichara and Simacota. Zapatoca is connected mth the municipalities of the
por buenos caminos de herradirra y las distancias en mirimetros son las siguientes: de Zapatoca a Barichara, 2io; Galn, 2^2'< a Betulia, l}o; a Cabrera, 3; a Chuna, T'^o'i al Hato, 4; al Palmar, 4; a San Vicente, 3; a Simacota, 6.
'-^
ZAPATOCA
Provincia de su nombre, en el del Sur, fu fundada el 13 de octubre de 1743 por el Presbtero Francisco de Bena^-ides. Se halla situada en la banda oriental del ro Surez, a 1722 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar y tiene 12,000 habiEs cabecera de cirtantes y temperatura media de 20. cuito con dos juzgados y oficinas de notara y registro. Tiene adems, oficina telegrfica, administracin de correos, colegio para varones, colegio para seoritas y doce escuelas pblicas para jvenes de ambos sexos. Cuenta la ciudad con tres iglesias, la principal de las cuales est situada en la acera occidental de la plaza principal, est construida de piedra j' tiene un magnfico reloj pblico. Existe adems im buen hospital, un hospicio, planta de luz elctrica y acueducto pblico. Dista de la capital
la
Departamento de Santander
in the
This town, the capital of the province of the same ame, Department of Santander del Sur, was founded on October 13, 1743, by Father Francisco de Benavides. It is located on the eastern bank of the Surez river, 1722 meters above sea-level. It has a population of 12,000, and its average temperature is 20 C. It is the capital of the circuit, and has two courts and registry and notarial offices. It has besides a telegi-aph oflice, post office, a college for young men and one for young ladies, and two public schools for children of both sexes. The city has three churches, the principal one being situated on the western side of the main square; it is built of stone and has a magnificent clock. There are also a good hospital, an asylmn, an electric-ligbt plant and an aqueduct. The city is 320 kilometers from the capital of the republic,
San
Diego Quarter
614
Los habitantes
and 60 kilometers from that of the department. Its inhabitants carry on coninierce and agriculture, the latter of which is the main source of wealth, as the soil is well adapted to
e5a.n"l4,^
^acfnda de^Dan
h]^loiu'o"
San
Antonio Farra
San
Vicente, Santander
el
tabaco y de legumbres diversas. Tambin se fabrican o producen sombreros de jipa o nacuma en considerable cantidad y existen dos fbricas de cigarros montadas con maquinarias modernas. Est comunicada la ciudad con las poblaciones vecinas por medio del telgrafo y servicio de telfonos. En la parte oriental de la poblacin existe un barrio construido por la Sociedad de San Vicente de Pal, en el cual se da albergue gratuito a familias pobres. Existe en territorio de este Municipio, a inmediaciones del ro Surez, una mina de cobre sin explotar.
the raising of wlieat, coffee, anise, tobceo, and several garden vegetables. Panam hats are made in large cjuantities, and there are two cigar factorics cquipped with modern machinery. There are telegraph and tclephonc lines connecting the city with neighboring towns. In the eastern part there is a quarter built by the St. Vincent de Paul Society where poor families are lodged gratis. Within the boundaries of the municipaUty there is a coppcr mine not yet developed. At a distance of 30 kilometers from this city is located the town of San Vicente de Chucur, with a population of 15,000 and an average temperature of 24 C. The territory
Fuente de
las Flores
Flower Fountain
615
A treinta kilmetros de distancia de esta ciudad se encuentra la poblacin de San Vicente de Chucur, con 15,000 El territorio de habitantes y temperatura media de 24. este Municipio, montaoso en su 'mayor parte, es rico en
of this municipality,
which
for the
most part
is hilly,
abounds
resins.
The
and
coffee,
sugar cae.
The rea
of the
town
is
40 hektares.
There
and besides a church, municipal and three public schools. The settlement of Barrancabermeja, which lies 85 kilometers from San Vicente, is situated on the banks of the Magdalena river, and has a population of 2000 inhabitants. It connects with the towns of San Vicente and Zapatoca by a good bridle road, along which the traveler finds good inns and pastures. The movement of cargo
through the settlement
very considerable, as it is the exported from the province and other sections of the department, and also the entrance for articles coming from abroad or the Atlantic
is
coast.
At a
several
Cal]e"del
Comercio
El Comercio Street
maderas de diversas clases, blsamos y resinas. Los habitantes del Municipio se dedican a la ganadera y a la agricultura, siendo los principales productos de sta el cacao, el caf y la caa de azcar. La poblacin tiene una extensin superficial de cuarenta hectreas, con 380 edificios de propiedad particular y cuenta adems con un templo regular, casa municipal, hospital, casa cural y tres escuelas oficiales. El casero de Barrancabermeja, que se halla a 85 kilmetros de distancia de San Vicente, est situado a orillas del ro Magdalena, con una poblacin de 2000 habitantes.
oil wells, at present worked by the Tropical Oil Company, formed by wealthy and enterprising American young men, with an effective capital of 50,000,000 dollars. The works of the company are directed by J. S. McCoullogh, an able engineer who has had 30 years' experience in the Thus largest oil fields of Mxico and the United States. far, the company has built more than 12 dwelling houses, as well as shops and storage houses, and in the near future intends to build 20 more. For the work of exploration and exploitation of the oil deposits, the company has im-
all
on which
now
working.
has in
its
Se comunica con las poblaciones de San Vicente y Zapatoca por medio de un buen camino de herradura en el cual encuentra el viajero buenas posadas y potreros. El movimiento de carga por esa va es de bastante consideracin, como que por ella se da salida a la mayor parte de los artculos que se exportan de la Provincia y de otras secciones del Departamento y se introducen los del Exterior y de la costa atlntica.
boat.
of
meja, there are rich coal mines, which have not been de-
settle-
ment above
48 millas del casero estn situadas unas fuentes de petrleo que explota actualmente la compaa denominada "The Tropical Oil Co.," formada por jvenes norteamericanos acaudalados y emprendedores, que cuenta con un capital efectivo de cincuenta millones de dlares. Los trabajos de la Empresa son dirigidos por el seor J. S. McCoullogh, hbil ingeniero que tiene treinta aos de prctica en las ms grandes petroleras de Mjico y los Estados Unidos. Tiene construidas hasta ahora ms de doce casas para habitaciones, depsitos y talleres, y prximamente se construirn veinte ms. Para los trabajos de exploracin y explotacin de las fuentes de petrleo ha trado la compaa una magnfica maquinaria y gran cantidad de materiales, con todo lo cual construye actualmente cuatro grandes pozos. Tambin tiene la empresa para su servicio tres lanchas de gasolina y im buque. En jurisdiccin de San Vicente de Chucur y Barrancabermeja existen ricas minas de carbn de piedra que no han sido
explotadas. En la regin comprendida por los Municipios
described, the following quantities of export commercial articles are produced: coffee, 1200 bags; cacao,
casero
de que anteriormente se trata, se producen anualmente las cantidades de artculos de comercio que a continuacin se expresan, que son materia de exportacin: Caf 12,000 bultos; Cacao 3000; Tabaco 5000; Ans 500; Panela 10,000; Tagua 20,000; mbar 2000; Caucho 500; Canime 1000 galones de 25 botellas; 120,000 sombreros de paja; 15,000,000 de cigarros.
"Tipografa Moderna"
3000; tobceo, 5000; anise, 500; rawsugar, 10,000; ivory nuts, 20,000; amber, 2000; rubber, 500; canime, 1000 cans of 25 bottles each; straw hats, 120,000; and 15,000,000 cigars.
616
Of noble
verdadera acep-
Desde temprana edad, acertadamente dirigido por su venerable padre, varn justo y dechado de cristiano sincero, se consagr con perseverancia a una labor intensa hasta que hoy, relativamente joven, considerado el xito de su obra, pues frisa en los 48 aos, posee un cuantioso capital saneado y sin mcula y ha fundado un hogar de los ms honorables del Departamento por muchos ttulos. Hombre cabal y de poderosas energas rene siempre cerca de 3000 reses vacunas de ceba y de cra en los potreros de sus haciendas denominadas "La Unin," "Santa Ins" y "Ojo de Agua," de las cuales la primera es considerada como la mejor del Departamento por su extensin y la calidad de sus pastos. En la segunda, sus grandes plantaciones de caa de azcar producen miel en cantidades suficientes para sostener la renta de hcores destilados de la Provincia, de que es
hace varios aos rematador. Es un verdadero espritu de seleccin y dotado de talento prctico y observador abarca todos los ramos del comercio de esta comarca, dedicndose con espeoiahdad al negocio de pieles y caf y Ja solucin de manera admirable a los diversos problemas que se le presentan en el
giro de sus negocios.
He belongs to a family that is patriarchal in the true sense of the term. From his early chdhood, judiciously directed by his venerable father,
an upright model of sincere Christianity, he devoted himself strenuously to work, and today, although stUl comparatively young, since he is
only 48 years of age, he has accumulated a vast capital, not tainted by dishonesty, and founded a home that is in every sense one of the most
respectable in the department.
An
head
Ins" and "Ojo de Agua," the first of which is considered the best in the department, both for its extent and the quaUty of its pastures. In the second he has large plantations of sugar cae, which produce molasses in sufficient quantities to
province,
years.
supply the liquor distilleries in the he has held for a great many
His keen mind and practical judgment make him master of aU the commercial branches of this regin. He makes a specialty of hides and coffee, and solves with admirable judgment the great variety of
han colocado en condiciones muy apreciables para reaUzar empresas, como la de la luz elctrica, de las cuales no slo ha reportado pinges utUidades, sino que le dan lustre y briUo a esta ciudad, que debe enorgullecerse de haber dado a la Patria ciudadanos benemritos que han descollado en todos los campos de la actividad humana.
Su
integridad,
buen
juicio
y consagracin
lo
problems that come up in the management of his business. His honesty, good judgment and perseverance have placed him in very favorable conditions to carry out several undertakings, such as electric lighting, which not only briag him high profit, but enhance the importance of this city, which may well be proud of having given to the country illustrious citizens that have become prominent in all
fields of
human
activity.
GmezMr.
Gmez's Residence
LUIS FELIPE
GMEZ GMEZ
of foreign
hats,
of
Panam
knows.
ar-
fancy
Direccin cablegrfica: "Luifegmez."
articles.
Cable:
"Luifegmez"
Code:
Lieber's.
Cdigo: Lieber's.
617
JIPIJAPA
by
its
Established in 1905
present owner,
is
Don
The importance
as
of this factory
shown by the
and
filis
fact that
many
It receives orders
from
all places,
them
esta fbrica se demuestra en que su exportacin ha alcanzado a dos mil (2000) docenas mensuales. Atiende pedidos de todas partes, los que despacha al costo de produccin en fbrica con slo el recargo de mdica comisin.
St.);
J.
Estados Unidos, Nueva York: Joaqun Menndez & Ca. (129 Water Camacho Roldan & Van Sickel (56-58 Pine St.). Cuba: Habana,
Paragn
Ca.
&
&
b.
In the United States: Joaqun Menndez and Company, 129 Water New York Camacho Roldan and Van Sickel Company, 56-58 New York. In Cuba: J. Paragn S. and Company, and Canto Brothers, Havana; Garca, Vega S. and Company, Manzanillo. In England: Clmaco Vargas, Ltd., London.
Street, Pine Street,
;
LA CUBANA
Zapatoca, Santander dl Sur, Colombia
Gran
1912 por su actual propietario, seor Lorenzo Ortega S., con maquinaria moderna y un numeroso cuerpo de obreros hbiles. Ofrece despachar a
sus productos, elaborados con las mejores cadades de tabaco cosechado en
cualquier punto
Great cigar factory, estabhshed in Zapatoca in 1912 by its present owner, Mr. Lorenzo Ortega S., with modern machinery and a large number of skilled workers. It sends its products, which are made from the best tobceo raised in
the department, everywhere.
The
este
Departamento.
entre
:
Se fabrican,
siguientes
otras, las
vitolas
Excelsos,
"Bogotanos," "Favori-
Reinas,
Prncipes,
Bogotanos,
Regala de Pars, Republicanos, Conchitas, Damitas, Econmicos, Especiales, Elegantes, Gigantes, Pepitos, Exquisitos,
torchas,
"Conchitas,"
"Dami"Espe"Gi"Exquisi-
"Econmicos,"
"Elegantes,"
"Pepitos,"
An-
CaUUas y Girones.
gantes,"
tos,"
"Antorchas," "CaUllas,"
a sohcitud.
Elaboracin diaria:
45,000.
En
la
misma
fbrica se en-
always
ms
found
and the
Adems el propietario de "La Cubana" se hace cargo de toda clase de comisiones; compra y vende los siguientes artculos: sombreros jipijapa Zapatocas, ans, cueros de res y de cabra, caf, cacao, ail, algodn,
etc., etc.
"La Cubana" does all kinds of commission business, and buys and sells Zapatoca Panam hats, anise, cattle and goat hides,
The owner
of
coffee, cacao, ndigo, cotton, etc., etc.
Best references.
Telegraph:
"Lorlega."
618
LA UNIVERSAL
Zapatoca, Santander DEL SuH, Colombia
Propietarios:
Luis Francisco Daz y Antonio Picn R. Gran fbrica de cigarros puros, elaborados en mquinas modernas;
el
fundada en
en
ao de 1916.
muy
Founded
it
in 1916. to
exterior, tanto
The
compete
in the
la seleccin
principal
home and
foreign markets,
on account of
its
its prices,
the care-
and
da a
la
tabaco
por
las
venta con nuestra conocida y acreditada marca es del mejor su delicioso aroma e incomparable suavidad que se pro-
raw
materials.
Every
is
article that is
firm's
well-known mark
made
aroma
in
Ro de Oro,
duce en
Chimit,
La
vegas del Ro de Oro, Municipio de Girn, Lagunetas, Cinta, y Balsora, de Zapatoca y Betulia.
Municipio de Girn, Lagunetas, Chimita, La Cinta, and Balsora, Zapatoca and Betuha.
Dr. Clmaco
Cirujano Dentista de la Facultad Dental de Bogot. Especialista en Ortodoncia. Curacin de las enfermedades de la boca. Gabinete moderno. Zapatoca, Santander del Sur, Colombia.
Gmez Plata
Dental surgeon, graduated at Bogot.
Specialist in orthodontia.
Mouth
diseases cured.
Modern
office.
Zapatoca, Santander.
Almacn de licores y billar. Artculos ferretera, rancho, cristalera. Solicita catBuenas referencias. Comisionista en artculos de exportaZapatoca, Santander del Sur (Colombia).
Comerciante.
drogas,
Merchant and importer. Zapatoca, Santander, Colombia. Liquor and billiard parlors. Select articles, drugs, hardware, canned goods, and glassware. Catalogues requested. Good referenees. Exstore
firms.
619
MALAGA
mismo nombre. Fu fundada ao de 1541 por el valiente y noble capitn espaol don Jernimo de Aguayo, en el sitio de Cinaguta, habitado entonces por la guerrera y salvaje tribu de los indios ChitaCapital de la provincia del
el
en
Don Jernimo
de Aguayo,
of the
reros.
En
1695 fu transladada a
el
la
muy pintoresca y
frtil
on the land occupied by the Cinaguta settlement warlike and savage Chitarero Indians. In 1695
transferred
llanura que
now
occu-
Est situada a 2212 metros sobre el nivel del mar, 1 de longitud oriental del meridiano de Bogot y 6 31' y 20" de Dista de Bogot 33 mirimetros, 16.5 de latitud norte. Ccuta y 8 de Bucaramanga. Tiene 40 kilmetros cuadrados de extensin, una temperatura media de 18 C, y 9000 habitantes de raza blanca y mestiza.
Mlaga
north;
is
Vista de Mlaga
View of Mlaga
kilometers.
Its average
Hoy
es
una de
las
ciudades
temperature
is
18 C.
It
has a
Tiene alumbrado
Mlaga
tander.
It has
is
cities in
San-
Enciso y Miranda; acueducto de hierro, recientemente inaugurado; dos hermosos y extensos parques, entre los cuales
are greatly
will
developed.
an
electric-light plant,
which
soon be extended
Centenario; dos cementerios; un magnfico y elegante templo; un asilohospital de ancianos desamparados, fundado por don Clmaco Otero y regentado por las Hermanas de los Pobres;
el
del
un
colegio de varones y otro de seoritas, muy concurridos; 8 escuelas urbanas y 8 rurales a las que asisten ms de 1500 nios de ambos sexos; matadero pblico de construccin moderna, amplio e higinico; tres imprentas, biblioteca
and extensive parks, that known as El Centenario being especially beautiful; two cemeteries; a magnificent church;
a
home
founded by
Don Clmaco
for
pblica, fbricas de cigarros y cigarrillos, chocolates, jabn, sombreros de paja, ruanas, frazadas, tejidos de lana y de algo-
Otero and managed by the Sisters of the Poor; a college men and one for women, both very well attended; eight city and eight rural schools, attended by over 1500
children of both sexes; a public slaughter house of
modern
620
talleres
sastrera; buenos,
cmodos hoteles y
res-
construction, spacious and sanitary; three printing houses; a public library; cigar, cigarette, chocolate, soap, straw-hat,
muy
y decorados.
blacksmith, tailor,
and alpargata (fiber sandal) and carpentry shops; good and restaurants; and large and
Calle comercial en
Mlaga
Estn en construccin: un asilo, ampHo y cmodo, dos avenidas de hermoso aspecto y muchos edificios particulares. Las calles son rectas, amplias, bien empedradas y embaldosadas. El Municipio construy y posee el Palacio Municipal, un local para colegio de varones y dos para escuelas de nias. Anualmente produce para las rentas departamentales
la
suma de $20,000
oro.
Mlaga hace importaciones directas de los Estados Unidos, Inglaterra y Francia, y sostiene relaciones comerciales muy activas con Bogot, Bucaramanga, Ccuta, Cartagena y Barranquilla. Su territorio es bastante rico en minas de Tiene abundantes carbn, sulfato de cobre, cal y creta. fuentes de aguas sulfurosas y termales, y las de Vichy, que contienen cido carbnico libre y combinado, bicarbonato sdico, potsico, magnsico y ferroso; cloruro sdico; fosfato Existen adems las fuentes alumnico, slice y sales fijas.
de PuRNio, ricas en radio. Mlaga produce anualmente considerables cantidades de quesos, mantequilla, huevos, trigo, maz, caa de azcar,
The following works are in process of construction: an ampie and comfortable asylum, two handsome avenues, and many prvate buildings. The streets are straight and wide and well paved. The municipality built and owns the municipal palace, a college for young men and one for young ladies. It contributes to the department a revenue
of 20,000 dollars per year.
Mlaga imports directly from the United States, England and France, and maintains very active commercial relations with Bogot, Bucaramanga, Ccuta, Cartagena, and Barranquilla.
lime,
Its territory is rich in
coal,
copper sulphate,
and chalk
deposits.
In
it
y diversidad de legumbres; adems ail, ans y maderas de construccin, ebanistera y tinte. Mantiene permanentemente cerca de 3000 reses, entre las cuales hay ms de 800 vacas de leche; 1000 bestias caballares y mulares, ovejas, cerdos y cabras. Mlaga se comunica con las ciudades y pueblos circuncebada, papas
vecinos por medio de ocho caminos de herradura.
and combined, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and ferrous bicarbonate, sodium chloride, aluminum phosphate, siUca, and various salts. There are, besides, the Purnio springs,
which are rich in radium.
large
quantities
of
cheese,
ndigo, anise,
sugar,
Actual-
woods. It keeps permanently about 3000 head of cattle, of which about 800 are milch cows; 1000 horses and mules,
sheep, goats,
It
mente
est
and hogs.
cities
and towns by
621
Adems de
muy importantes;
de agosto y la ya bastante afamada de enero. Por encontrarse en su territorio considerables cantidades de cal y de creta podra establecerse con brillante xito una fbrica de cemento.
Wagn Road, a most important road that communication between Mlaga and the and Ccuta.
addition,
will
permit rapid
cities of
Bogot
In Mlaga there are two market days every week. In it holds a fair in August and one in January, both very important, especially the latter, which has become
El alto grado de acti\ddad comercial de toda la regin exige la urgente creacin de una institucin bancaria; el entusiasmo que ha levantado la idea del Banco Santander,
famous.
quantities of lime
As there are within its boundaries considerable and chalk, a cement factory could be prof-
itably established.
de Bucaramanga, de establecer en Mlaga una sucursal de dicho banco es una prueba evidente de tal necesidad. Dentro de poco tiempo, probablemente, los malagueos gozarn de los indiscutibles beneficios de tan tiles instituciones.
The great commercial activity of all that regin makes almost indispensable the foundation of a banking institution, as evidenced by the interest aroused by the project
of the It
is
Banco de Santander
of
Mlaga
llegar a ser
el
ganados sacados de Casanare cuando se concluya el camino que ha de poner en comunicacin a Garca Rovira con tan Ser adems un lugar muy frerica e inexplotada regin. cuentado por las familias de las ciudades vecinas, que ya
encuentran en ella un delicioso sitio de veraneo. La inmigracin es bastante intensa; todos los aos vienen numerosos industriales, obreros y comerciantes a ofrecer sus
valioso concurso a la ciudad hospitalaria.
Mlaga will become the center of trade for the Casanare when the road is finished which is to connect this rich and unexploited regin with Garca Rovira. It will also become a favorite place for the families of neighcattle,
boring towns,
resort.
who
already consider
is
it
a delightful
summer
Immigration
now very
a great
number
of manufacturers,
come
general
Fu
ella el cuartel
de las fuerzas del General Custodio Garca Rovira, cuando Fu la el capitn espaol Calzada ocup el norte del pas.
Mlaga holds a place of honor in national history. In it was the general headquarters of the troops of General Custodio Garca Rovira when the Spanish Captain Calzada occupied the north of the republic. It was the native place
Ganado
criado cerca de
MlagaCattle
raised near
Mlaga
cuna de don
los
Ramn
los hroes
de la
of
Ramn
War
for
Y fueron los vecinos de Mlaga que principiaron a colonizar tierras que vieron ms tarde a la culta ciudad de Pamplona.
lucha por la independencia.
Independence, and
was
residents of
Mlaga who
first
Pamplona.
622
The Mlaga
capital
Electric
Company was
rights.
chartered
Its initial
Su capital inicial fu de $7500 oro, dividido en 150 acciones de $50 oro, las cuales fueron suscritas por
33 socios.
each.
was S7500, divided into 150 shares of $50 These shares were bought by forty-three
holders.
The
El alumbrado elctrico fu inaugurado el 25 de marzo de 1911. A pesar de las sumas gastadas sucesivamente para corregir algunos defectos de la instalacin primitiva, la empresa ha logrado obtener el establecimiento de una planta capaz de suministrar luz, calor y fuerza a los Municipios de Enciso y Miranda.
electric light
25, 1911.
remedy several
the
in establishing a plant
EMETERIO DUARTE
Comerciante y Comisionista
bajos de su casa de habitacin, situada en la esquina nordeste de la plaza principal de Mlaga, tiene un permanente surtido de mercancas lujosas especiales para
los
S.
En
on the main
on
Permanent
y nios. Anexos a su almacn de mercancas, se encuentran los salones de billar y de patines arreglados con el ms exseoras, caballeros
quisito confort, cantinas
chilstock of cholee articles for ladies, gentlemen and parlor and a dren. Annexed to the store are a biUiard
skating
rinlc,
muy
nos, confituras,
etc., etc.
Samples requested.
As an organ
of in-
Solicita catlogos
y muestras de
con su negocio. Para la mejor informacin y propaganda de la seccin de comisiones sostiene "El Avisador," peridico de gran circulacin que se alterna con la prensa extranjera y nacional.
formation and propaganda the commission business department issues "El Avisador," a newspaper of large
circulation,
for-
eign
and domestic.
Mlaga, Santander del Sur, Colombia.
Mlaga,
Posee
los
turer
dos y bestias.
Propietario de una fbrica de cerveza situada en esta ciudad.
Solicita catlogos
Has the
and
of a
ofertas sobre
sus negocios.
MLAGA, Santander
Mlaga, Santander del Sur.
del Sur.
Propcrty of Timolen Garca P., locatcd 15 kiloof meters from Mlaga, the capital of the pro\nnce
the same ame.
Modrate and
healtliful climate;
abundant
fresh
and
planted
Excellent
etc., etc.
Tiene minas de carbn de magnfica clase, explotadas actualmente; aguas termales medicinales; y ms de 20 arrendatarios con buenas casas de
habitacin.
mal waters.
ing houses.
now being developed; medicinal therMore Ihan 20 tenants with good dwell-
The farm
del Norte que conduce de
finca por el centro.
is
traversed
La Carretera Central
Wagn Road,
The farm
is for sale.
la
tails
may
al propietario.
MAl-ioa, Santander
del
Sur.
623
HIJOS
Comerciantes t Hacendados
Oficina principal de negocios establecida en Mlaga.
Mlaga.
Ownera
Artiof pas-
Poseen
llar.
los
and
horses.
me-
improvement
y templado.
and temprate
cliraates.
Venden
made
at the
"Santander"
milis,
ms
la
produccin
fairs.
The
iluetion of flour.
muy
buenas
Horses, mules,
cattle sold.
TEMISTOCLES OTERO
de idoneidad, por
Licenciado Farmacutico, con diploma y certificado el cuerpo mdico de Santander.
certif-
^H^fltJiT^n
1.
a=^' '.*!;;,..
cate from the medical profession of Santander. Direct importer of drugs, chemical products, and groceries.
of the "Botica and Droguera Moderna," with branches in the city of Bucaramanga and at Capita-
-'-^SilHlg
M"
n
iwyi
Owner
nejo.
Commission
Referencias honrosas a solicitud. Especiahdad en la venta de medicamentos patentados. Agente en la Provincia para la venta de la Inyeccin
"Neisser" y
los
M-
Sale of patent medicines a specialty. Agent in the province for the "Neisser" injection and the "Urao" Knglish cathartics. He sells all common and commerrial
el
Tambin tiene para la venta todo lo relacionado con ramo de papelera y artculos de escritorio.
stationery articles.
Acepta correspondencia referente a su ramo. Casa fundada en 1914 en la ciudad de Mlaga, Santander
del Sur, Colombia.
Ki
all
business invited.
House founded in 1914 in the city of Mlaga, Santander del Sur, Colombia.
venta de ganados. Compra de trigos de primera cadad. Venta permanente de las afamadsimas harinas de trigo elaboradas en sus Molinos de "El Siglo" cuya calidad ha sido acogida con gran entusiasmo por los consumidores de buen gusto.
Compra y venta de toda clase de mercancas extranjeras y nacionales. Comisiones y consignaciones. Compra y
consumers.
of all kinds of machnery for the proof agricultural machinery in general,
y precios de toda clase de maquinaria para su industria harinera y para la agricultura en general.
Solicita muestras
Compra a los mejores precios semillas de trigo, maz, papas, cebada y con especialidad las de pastos adecuados para el empradizamiento de potreros de cra y ceba de ganados vacuno y caballar en climas de 12 y IS grados de temperatura.
Mlaga, Santander del Sur, Colombia.
Best prices paid for wheat, corn, potatoes and barleyseed. and especially for grass seeds suitable for cattle-raising pastures, in climates where the temperature vares between 12 and IS" C.
Owner and
mth
first-class
na-
maquinaria completa y de la ms alta cadad de materiales de las mejores fbricas colombianas y extranjeras. Cuenta con un lucido cuerpo de expertos obre-
En sus acreditados talleres y fbricas posee ltimos adelantos en el arte y la moda; premiados en varias exposiciones y con estensa y selecta clientela que pregona la bondad y perfeccin de sus obras.
ros.
and foreign materials, and se^^-ed by a large body of skilled workers. The works have the latest manufacturing improvements, and their products
keep up with the ashion.
at several expositions,
los
They have
received prizes
and have a
large patronage,
which
is
As an annex
office.
Anexa a
conaiones.
de ventas y
and commission
All
Samples requested.
SoUcita muestras.
orders
and correspond-
debe
dirigirse a
624
Con
la
Miembro activo de
y dems
rela-
Diploma and 29
yeara* experience.
Active
member
of the Uni-
New
York.
cionado
coii
su profesin.
Vende en su oficina dental los acreditados dentfricos de la "Universal Dental Association of New York," de indiscutible eficacia para la curacin de laa enfermedades de la boca y asepcia de
ella.
Ageney requested for publications, catalogues, samples, and everything else relating to bis profession. In bis office are sold the famous dentrifices of the Universal Dental Association of New York, which are of indisputable efficacy for curing all mouth diseases and keeping the mouth clean.
has a varied stock of modera materials from the best American from the highly-reputed houses of Tamayo & Fonnegra and Alberto Patino, of Bogot.
firms, as well as
He
Cuenta con variados y modernos surtidos de materiales de las mejores fbricas de los Estados Unidos y de las honorables casas de los seores Tamayo & Fonnegra y Alberto Patino de Bogot.
AZUERO HERMANOS
Agentes
banqueros.
ComiF-
merchants.
brica de Jabones.
Cdigo
telegrfico: "Liebers."
Tekgraph:
"Azuero."
Code:
Ldeber's.
"AzuERO."
Polticas. Titulado por la UniversiGestiona asuntos civiles ante los TriResidencia: Mlaga y Concepcin, San-
Doctor of law and political science. Gradate of the Republican University of Colombia. Clients represented in all kinds of civil affairs before the courts of the republic. Residence, Mlaga and Concepcin, Santander, Colombia.
EL M ARNE
Establecimiento
de bodega, mercancas,
drogas,
Permanente y variado surtido de arquincallera. tculos de todas clases, al alcance de todos los gustos y capacidades. Se solicitan muestras y precios. Propietarios: Alfredo Ledesma e Hijo.
Comerciantes. Comisionistas. Telegramas: "Almabez" Concepcin. Santander del Sur.
Storage house. General merchandiae, drugs, hardand a great variety of articles of other kinds, Prices and samples satisfying all tastes and means.
ware,
requested.
Colombia.
Alfredo Ledesl^ & Son, General and Commission Merchants. Concepcin, Santander del Sur, Colombia
Telegraph:
" Almarez"
MOLINO SANTANDER
Fundado en 1888. Propietarios, Pompilio Garca y Pompeyo Ledesma. La calidad de sus productos y la atencin que presta a los pedidos que le hacen, aumentan cada da su acreditada fama.
Direccin:
SANTANDER MILL
Founded in 1888. Proprietors, Pompilio Garca and Pompeyo Ledesma. The quaty of its products and the attention it pays to all orders increase its
reputation every day.
Se solicita correspondencia referente al ramo. Garca & Ledesma. Concepcin, Santander del Sur, Colombia.
Address
Garca
& Ledesma
625
CONCEPCIN
Santander del Sur
...aada
en 1772 so..e te^eno
alcal^^^
.fj^^t' Z^ZZ^Zt^^r^Jl
"xTe^o'/v^Z l^^Z'^^t
1958 meters above 3 It 40" sea-level; in longitude 1 2' east of the meridian o Bogot,
poder ejecutivo,
1825.
el
5 de abril de
^_
Situada en el ramal oriental andino, a 1958 metros sobre el nivel del mar, a 1 2' 40" de longitud oriental del meridiano
and in
north;
335 kilometers from Bogot, 100 from Bucaramanga, and 155 from Ccuta. The climate is mild, the temperature
varying between 5 and 22 C, from the valleys up to the hjghest peaks, all the land being inhabitable.
Its population exceeds
A 335 kilmetros de distancia de Bogot, 100 de Bucaramanga y 155 de Ccuta, con climas benignos, de temperaturas graduales entre 22 y 5 centgrados, desde sus valles liasta sus mayores cimas, todas habitables. Tiene ms de 5000 habitantes; 100 kilmetros cuadrados
5000
inhabitants.
Cultivated land,
de territorio poblado y cultivado; ms de 700 selvas incultas, muy feraces y sanas en las vertientes orientales de la cordillera, por donde se construye
Abunthe plains of Casanare. dance of potable water and water Cold and hot mineral
faUs.
Posee aguas potables abundantes i fuentes minerales fras y termales de notables propiedades teraputicas.
Tribus indgenas en
la va
eals
Su
lla;
produce abundantes
cereales
y papas, pastos
ed to the raising of
sisal
and
desarrollo
del
cotton,
fique, higuerilla
cristi),
(palmaalgodn,
sugar cae,
and mul-
olivo,
y morera de primera
calidad.
The
tries
principal indusare
agriculture;
Predominan
la indus-
cattle raising
and
fat-
y ceba
tening;
flour
making,
de ganados; la elaboracin de harinas, pues sus trigos son de superior calidad; tejidos a
knitting,
tiles.
ing
successfully
pro-
cular
moted.
metedor,
tura.
sericicul-
The
for
schools,
lage
rurales.
light;
buildings;
Tiene
edificios
luz
elctrica,
oficinas, escuelas
and a hospital; one French wheat mili, one American, and five
schools
domestic.
Vista de Concepcin
^View
of
Con epcin
Laguna en
el
camino de Casanare
^Lake on Casanare
Road
:uuiJo de Concepcin
Concepcin Cattle
626
TOLIMA
El Departamento del Tolima, con una poblacin de 300,000 habitantes, se halla situado entre las Cordilleras Oriental y Central de Los Andes, ocupa una extensin aproximada de 30,000 kilmetros cuadrados y est situado entre 20' y 1 56' de longitud occidental del meridiano de Bogot y entre 3 y 5 5' de latitud norte.
The Department of Tolima is located between the Eastern and the Central Cordillera of the Andes, between longitudes 0 21' and 1 56' west of the meridian of Bogot, and latitudes 3 and 5 5' north. It has an rea of about 30,000 square kilometers, and a population of 300,000 inhabitants.
The topography presents two aspects. About three-fifths of the country is low and flat, with a hot climate, and comprises a vast extent of the beautiful watershed of the Magdalena and many of its tributarles. The other two-fifths is
mountainous and uneven, with a cold climate, and formed by the Central and the Eastern Cordillera and their ramifications and spurs that slope towards the Magdalena river. The department has all climates, from 30 C., in the lowlands, 210 meters above sea-level, to intense cold at elevaThis variety makes tions of 5000 meters above sea-level. the department the best favored by nature in all Colombia. Although the temperature vares with the height and location, the climate is everywhere dry and healthful. Of all the departments of the republic, Tolima has the largest number of rivers and streams flowing in all direcBesides the navigable rivers tions through its territory.
Puente sobre
el
Luisa
Magdalena and Saldaa, there are more than 300 smaller rivers and quebradas (brooks), and over 2000 rivulets of some mkgnitude. It has therefore exceptional facilities
for such irrigation as purposes.
la de la parte plana,
may
de clima clido, que comprende una gran extensin de la hermosa hoya del Magdalena y la de muchos de sus afluentes,
consta de las tres quintas partes de la superficie del territorio departamental; y la de la parte montaosa y quebrada, de clima fro, formada por las Cordilleras Cen-
y Oriental de Los Andes y por las ramificaciones y contrafuertes de stas que se desprenden hacia el ro Magdalena, que ocupa las dos quintas partes de la extensin
tral
total.
The department is essentially agricultural. Its inhabitants dcvote themselves to the cultivation of all kinds of vegetable produets, aecording to their respective loealities, and to the raising of cattle, horses, goats, sheep, and hogs. They also do mining on a small scale and by very primitivo methods. In the hot climates, that is, in the valley of the Magdalena and the rest of the lowlands, having a temperature of
over 25 C, and elevation of less than 1300 meters above sea-level, excellent corn, plantains, rice, sugar cae, cacao, sisal, and many other valuable vegetable produets are raised. These produets not only satisfy domestic cousumption but are exported to other departments: to Cundinamarca and Huila, 300,000 sacks of corn are expoi'ted per year to Caldas, Antioquia and Cundinamarca, 80,000 sacks
;
Disfruta el departamento de todos los climas apetecibles desde el clido de 30 centgrados en las partes ms bajas, a 210 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar, hasta el del fro intenso a ms de 5,000 metros de altura sobre el mismo nivel, razn por la cual, este es el departamento de Colombia ms favorecido por la naturaleza. Cada regin tiene su clima propio segn su posicin y altura, pero en todo el departamento se disfruta de un clima perfectamente sano
y
el
seco.
Entre todos los departamentos de la repblica es ste que cuenta con mayor nmero de ros y riachuelos que Adems de los ros navegalo baen en todas direcciones. bles, Magdalena y Saldaa, existen ros y quebradas de segundo orden en nmero de ms de trescientos y riachuelos de significacin en nmero mayor de dos mil. Es, pues, admirable la cantidad de corrientes de agua que posee para el establecimiento de los sistemas de irrigacin que fueren necesarios a la agricultura. El departamento es esencialmente agrcola. Sus habitantes viven consagrados al cultivo de toda clase de frutos, segn la regin que habiten y a la cra de ganados vacuno, caballar, cabro, lanar y de cerda. Tambin se dedican en pequea escala a la minera pero en la forma ms rudimentaria.
dems
en el valle del Magdalena y que tienen una temperatura de ms de 25 centgrados, a menos de 1,300 metros sobre el nivel del mar, se produce de calidad excelente, maz, pltano, arroz, caa de azcar, cacao, henequn, y otros muchos frutos cuya produccin no solo atiende al consumo del departamento sino que da un gran excedente anualmente para la exportacin as maz exporta para los Departamentos de Cundinamarca y Huila 300,000 sacos; arroz para los Departamentos de Caldas, Antioquia y Cundinamarca 80,000 sacos, y panela para el de Cundinamarca 60,000 bultos.
las regiones clidas, o sea
En
tierras planas
Puente sobre
;
el
Saldaa
of rice and to Cundinamarca, 60,000 pareis of raw sugar. This regin produces also the famous Ambalema, Valle, Espinal, San Lorenzo and San Luis tobceo, reputed the best in the republic and highly valued in the markets of Bremen, Liverpool and New York. This product, besides filling the needs of the department, is exported to the De-
627
Puente sobre
el
Chicoral
partments of Cundinamarca, Antioquia, and Caldas; also to Europe and the United States, to the extent of 3000 bales per annum. Cotton and grape vines are now very suecessfuUy cultivated in this regin, which has excellent lands for the purpose, besides the fact that there are markets very near and
easily aecessible. In this part of the department there are large and excellent pastures, of both native and cultivated grass,
adapted to the raising and fattening of cattle. The following ine woods and dyewoods abound: grajiadillo {Brya ebenus), lignum vitiE {Zigophilhm arboreum), chcala {Tecoma spectabilis) ash-tree {Bhus juglandifolia) dinde {Machara tinctoria) diomato {Astronium graveolens) ulanda {Amyris funkiana) j&jo {Trichlia apendiculata) tachuelo {Berbers glauca), and many others of great valu. In the temprate regions, whose temperature vares between 18 and 25 C, coffee is very systematcally raised. It is one of the most important export artcles. The department, besides supplying its own needs, exports to England, the United States, etc., 222,000 sacks per year. The Tolima coffee obtains the best prices in those countries, being far superior to Costa Rica and Rio coffee. The principal centers where coffee is raised on a large scale are Ibagu, Lbano, Chaparral, Icononzo, Melgar, Venadillo, Fresno, Miraflores, Ortega, Soledad, Dolores, Alpujarra, Ataco, Caldas, and Valle. In the cold climates, at elevations of over 2000 meters and temperatures below 18 C, the following industrial flora is found in great profusin; cinehona, encenillo {Weimania tomentosa), cedar {Cdela adorata), walnut {Cedrela nogal), oak {Tecoma pentaphylla) , laurel {Miryca
; ; ;
; ,
comino {Aneba perulitis), cinnamon tree {Drimis gramatensis) estoraque {Stirax tomentosum) etc. In this regin there are also rich and extensive pastures
parviflora),
,
,
for cattle raising. There are in the department 735,000 head of cattle, 105,000 horses, 150,000 hogs, 40,000 goats, 20,000 sheep^ and many asses and mules. The inhabitants consume per year 9000 head of cattle, and 31,000 hogs, besides goats and
sheep.
In mineral resources Tolima is one of the richest regions in Colombia. However, this source of wealth still remains almost entirely undeveloped, owing both to lack of capital and to the fact that the inhabitants take no interest in mining. Only the large Fras silver mine, in Santana, and the La Veta gold mine, in Ibagu, are worked by scientifie methods. Throughout the rest of the department gold is
Ro Luisa
Luisa River
628
mined by most primitive methods. The following minerals are found in the department: gold, around the towns of Ibagu, Mariquita, Purificacin,
Ortega, Prado, Ataco, Lrida, Alpujarra, Fresno, San Luis, Caldas, Natagaima, Miraflores, Coyaima, Soledad, Valle, Villahermosa, Piedras, Lbano, Santa Isabel and Chaparral silver, around Santana, Valle, Miraflores, Natagaima, Caldas, San Luis, Fresno, Ataco, Ortega, Mariquita, and Ibagu; copper, around Ibagu, Prado, Ataco, Alpujarra, Fresno, San Luis, Natagaima, Miraflores and Valle iron, around Valle, Soledad, Miraflores, Ibagu, Natagaima, San Luis, Fresno, Alpujarra and Ataco; jet, around Valle and San Luis coal, around Ibagu, Piedras, Coello, Santa Rosa, Prado, Lrida, Alpujarra, San Luis, Natagaima, Valle, Villahermosa, and Ataco asphaltum, around Ataco, Valle, Miraflores, San Luis, Fresno, Chaparral, Lrida, and Ortega marble, around Ibagu, Ortega, Alpujarra, San Luis, Natagaima, Miraflores, Soledad, Ataco, and Villahermosa; alum, around Ataco and Alpujarra; mercury, around San Miguel; beautiful jaspers of various kinds, around Ataco, Ibagu, Ortega and Alpujarra; sulphur in large quantities, around Ibagu, Coello, Villahermosa,
; ; ; ;
hermosa; alumbre en Ataco y Alpujarra; mercurio en San Miguel; jaspes bellsimos y de varias clases en Ataco, Ibagu, Ortega, y Alpujarra azufre en gran abundancia en Ibagu, Coello, Villahermosa, Ataco, San Luis, Prado, y Santa Rosa; cobalto en Ibagu; manganeso en Ataco y Valle; feldespato en Ibagu; cristal de roca en San Luis, Valle y Santa Isabel; caparrosa en Alpujarra y Dolores; amatistas en Prado cornalinas en el Ataco yeso en Ibagu, Ortega, Alpujarra, Natagaima, Miraflores, Ataco y Villahermosa importantes yacimientos de petrleo en Coello, Vena; ; ; ;
Caldas, Piedras, San Lorenzo, Ambalema, PurificaSanta Rosa, Ataco, Natagaima, Prado y Ortega; fuentes saladas de altos grados de saturacin en Coello, Alpujarra, Prado, Ataco, Valle, y Villahermosa fuentes termales, sulfurosas y medicinales en Ibagu, Piedras, Villahermosa. Ataco, Alpiijarra, Prado, Ortega v. Honda y cal en Ibagu, Piedras, Coello, Soledad, Lrida, Venadillo, etc. En los climas medios y fros de ms de 1,500 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar y de una temperatura menor de 18 centgrados, existen grandes regiones de terrenos baldos pertenecientes a los Municipios de Ataco, Miraflores, Santa Isabel, Chaparral, San Antonio, Ibagu, Villahermosa, Lbano, Casabianca y Briceo que miden una extensin mayor de 500,000 hectreas, propios para cultivos de diversos gneros, ricamente baados por innumerables ros y quebradas y cubiertos por montaas vrgenes donde abundan las maderas propias de estos climas. El valor de la propiedad raz de todo el departamento asciende a la cantidad de 26,000,000 de pesos en oro. El comercio interior es bastante activo: se contrae al
dillo.
cin,
Ataco, San Luis, Prado and Santa Rosa; cobalt, around Ibagu manganese, around Ataco and Valle feldspar, around Ibagu; rock erystal, around San Luis, Valle, and Santa Isabel; copperas, around Alpujarra and Dolores; amethyst, around Prado; eornelin, around Ataco; gypsum, around Ibagu, Ortega, Alpujarra, Natagaima, Miraflores, Ataco, and Villahermosa important oil deposits, around Coello, Venadillo, Caldas, Piedras, San Lorenzo, Ambalema, Purificacin, Santa Rosa, Ataco, Natagaima, Prado, and Ortega; salt springs of various strengths, around Coello, Alpujarra, Prado, Ataco, Valle, and Villahermosa thermal medicinal springs, around Ibagu, Piedras, Villahermosa, Ataco, Alpujarra, Prado, Ortega, and Honda; and lime around Ibagu, Piedras, Coello, Soledad, Lrida, Venadillo,
;
and other places. In the temprate and cold climates, over 1500 meters above sea-level and a temperature below 18 C, there are
extensive publie lands belonging to the municipalities of Ataco, Miraflores, Santa Isabel, Chaparral, San Antonio,
Ibagu, Villahermosa, Lbano, Casabianca and Briceo; they have an rea of over 500.000 hektares, are suitable for eultivation of various kinds, traversed by a great many rivers and streams, and have a great many virgin fore.sts, abounding with the woods already mentioned as belonging
to sueh climates.
department amounts
to 26,000,000 dollars.
intercambio de los productos de las tierras fras por los de las clidas y a la compra y venta de artculos de procedencia europea y norteamericana. Cuenta esta seccin de la repblica para el trasporte de sus productos con una lnea frrea que parte de Honda y pone en comunicacin a esta importante plaza con las de Mariquita, San Lorenzo y Ambalema. Hay adems una va en construccin, que pondr en comunicacin dentro de pocos meses la ciudad de Ibagu con la del Espinal, y el puerto de Flandes sobre el ro Magdalena con el ro Magdalena, navegable en toda la extensin que le pertenece, por buques de vapor y con los ros Saldaa, Cucuana y Tetun, tambin navegables por pequeas embarcaciones o balsas con un cable areo que pasa por las poblaciones de Mariquita, Fresno y Soledad y con muy buenos y bien construidos caminos de herradura. En resumen, el departamento exporta para Europa y los Estados Unidos, ao por ao, lo siguiente; caf, 222,000 sacos: tabaco, 3,000 bultos; tagua, 10,000 bultos; pieles de res, 9,800 quintales; pieles de cabra, 100 quintales; oro, 300 libras.
; ;
The domestic commerce is very active, and eonsists in the exchange of the cold-climate products for those of the hot climates, besides the sale and purehase of goods coming from Europe and North America. There is at present in this section of the republic a railroad which starts from Honda and connects this important town with those of Mariquita, San Lorenzo and Ambalema. There is besides a road now being built, which before long will connect the city of Ibagu with Espinal and the port of Flandes on the Magdalena river. Other means of transportation are the latter river, which is navigable by steamboats tliroughout the part of it that waters the department the Saldaa, Cucuana and Tetun rivers, navigable by small craft; an elevated cable running through the towns of Mariquita, Fresno and Soledad; and very good bridle
roads.
to
Europe and
22,000 saeks; tothe United States is as follows: ;' cattle hides, pareis 10,000 nuts, ivory bceo, 3,000 bales gold, 300 pounds. quintis; 100 hides, goat quintis; 9,800
629
IBAGU
Ibagu, la floreciente y progresista capital del Departamento del Tolima, la ciudad de las mujeres garbosas y de los mozos alegres, que tiene una temperatura media de 23, es, adems, un gran centro comercial, segn lo comprueban los siguientes datos: Hace algunos aos no se vean en la ciudad sino casas pajizas, cuya construccin reuna todos los sistemas elementales de la arquitectura chibcha. Las pocas casas de material que se encontraban haban sido construidas por espaoles faltos de gusto arquitectnico. Estas casas tenan solidez, pero carecan de confort y elegancia. Al rodar de los aos, cuando los cerebros de los habitantes tolimenses fueron educndose y adquiriendo el conocimiento de lo beOo, las construcciones mejoraron, y actualmente Ibagu tiene edificios que nada pueden envidiarle a las ricas mansiones europeas. Es verdad que todava en el centro del poblado se ven casas antiguas de bahareque, pero ellas irn despareciendo poco a poco, a medida que transcurran los aos, porque bien sabido es que cuando un pueblo no va tras el progreso, La ley de ste viene y lo arrolla. evolucin a que estn sometidas las ciudades har que la bella capital del Tolima, dentro de cuatro lustros sea una estacin ferroviaria de las mejores del pas, ya que el trazado de sus calles y la situacin de sus plazas son inmejorables. El comercio de esta ciudad es verdaderamente poderoso. He aqu algunos datos estadsticos que dan exacta cuenta de la importancia de Ja vida comercial. Anualmente exporta la ciudad de Ibagu 87.5,000 kilos de caf y consume 2250. En el Municipio, que no tiene sino 22,000 habitantes, hay
Ibagu, the flourishing and progressive capital o the Department o of handsome women and gay young men, having a temperature of 23 C, is a great commercial center, as shown by the following data: A few years ago there were in the city nothing but hatch houses, built in the primitive way of Chibcha architecture. The only other houses had been built by Spaniards lac'king architectural taste, and although of soHd construction, lacked elegance and comfort. It is true that in the central part of the city there are stiU some od houses built of bamboo and mortar; but they wiU no doubt disappear graduaUy, for it is well known that when a people does not lag behind progress, civilization carries it with it. The law of evolution governing all cities will cause the beautiful capital of Tohma to become before long one of the best railroad stations in the country, since the layout of its streets and the situation of its plazas cannot be improved. The city has a most active commerce. Below are given some statistical data in corroboration of this statement. Ibagu exports annually 875,000 kilos of coffee, and uses 2250. In the municipahty, which has only 22,000 inhabitants, there are 8 dis-
tilleries,
liters
aguardiente per month. Last year 40,000 loads (cargas) coming from the Quindo regin were exported through Ibagu, and about 50,000 kilos, oonsisting of salt, textile fabrics, hats, etc., were imof
ported.
The monthly
lars,
collections of the
ocho fbricas de licores que producen 9000 litros de aguardiente mensuales. Por la poblacin saheron con rumbo al exterior, el ao pasado, 40,000 cargas procedentes del Quindo, y entraron unas 50,000, que contenan
sal,
El recaudo mensual del Municipio es de $2200 oro, y los egresos ascienden a $1800. En la ciudad existen dos fbricas de jabones, una de las cuales es de vapor, propiedad de los progresistas seores Torres. Hay un magnfico molino americano, alimentado por trigo producido en terrenos comarcanos. En las ferias ltimamente ocurridas en Ibagu hubo transacciones por valor de $48,000 oro, y han sido las de menos movimiento. Quien atraviesa los ardientes llanos del ToUma, se forma la idea ms pobre del Departamento. En ellos no se halla ni una sola gota de agua, no se distinguen cultivos que merezcan mencin, no se ven sino reses de todos los colores, que tranquilamente se dedican da y noche a comer yerba. Pero si se visitan las inmediaciones ibaguereas, entonces podr apreciarse la fertilidad de esa regin. Predios hay donde se ven sembradas matas de caf, cacao, pltano, maz, caa, jnica y tabaco, llenas todas de exuberancia. En el Municipio hay actualmente diez y siete escuelas rurales, siete urbanas, una normal para seoritas y varones; un colegio para seoritas, regido por las Hermanas; otro particular, anexo; una escuela salesiana de Artes y Oficios; una escuela de Agricultm-a; una escuela de Artes y Labores Manuales, para seoritas; un Seminario; dos escuelas anexas normales; un colegio de religiosos, llamado San Simn, y una escuela nocturna para obreros. Actualmente se ha abierto una escuela llamada Murillo Toro, creada por Hberales prestigiosos, como el doctor Alvaro Valenzuela. Este nuevo plantel es de propaganda democrtica y montado al estilo del Gimnasio Moderno. Prximamente se abrir otra escuela denominada Nicols Perdomo, donde se les ensear a cuantos nios
asistan, equitacin, esgrima, gimnasia, topografa
y estrategia miUtar.
and the expenses to 1800. In the city there are two soap factories, one of which is operated by steam, and is the property of the progressive Messrs. Torres. There Ibagu is an excellent Americain mili, which grinds wheat from neighboring lands. In the last fair held at Ibagu, there were transactions to the valu of 48,000 dollars, and it was one of the smallest. Anyone who travels through the burning llanos of Tohma forms a very poor idea of the department. There one finds not a drop of water, no cultivated fields worth mentioning, and the only thing that meets the eye is cattle of all colors, who peacefuUy spend their nights and days eating grass. Those, however, that visit the neighborhood of Ibagu soon learn to appreciate the fertility of that regin. There are cultivated fields, where one sees coffee, cacao, plantain, corn, sugarcane, yuca and tobceo in large quantities. The municipahty has at present 17 rural schools, 7 city sohools, a normal school for young men and ladies; a college for young ladies, directed by the Sisters of Charity and having a prvate college adjoining; a school of arts and trades, one of agriculture, a manual-labor school for young ladies a seminary with two annexed normal schools a convent, caUed San Simn, and a night school for working people. Recently a school called Murillo Toro has been opened by prominent liberis, such as Dr. Alvaro Valenzuela. This new institution is de, voted to democratic propaganda, and is run after the Gimnasio Moderno (Modern Gymnasium). Before long another school, to be called Nicols Perdomo, will be opened for teaching horse-riding, fencinggymnastios, topography and military strategy to all children that may wish to attend.
; ;
Plaza principal
Main Square
630
EL TRIUNFO"
Daily produetion,
Sus productos son elaborados con el mayor esmero, emi)leando para ello los mejores materiales importados directamente. Todo esto ha
contribuido a que los jabones de esta fbrica sean maj^or demanda en toda la Eepblica. Sus distintas calidades y marcas son: "Trinfo," "Uruea," "Ibagu" y "Perro." Se atienden pedidos por cualquier cantidad y para cualquier punto de la Eepblica. Por telgrafo: Teiunfo. Telfono N. 1. Ibagu, Departamento del Tolima, Colombia.
los de
The products of this factory are elaborated with the greatest care, employing the best raw material directly imported; for this reason the factory has won merited reputation throughout
the republic.
Its several qualities and marks are: "Triunfo," "Uruea," "Ibagu" and "Perro." Orders for any quantity shipx^ed to any place
in the repubUc.
Wire address
1.
JOS CHALITA
Importacin directa de mercancas americanas, europeas y asiticas.
Especialidad en artculos finos para
seoras y caballeros.
Direct importation of American, European and Asiatic merchandise.
Specializes in articles for ladies
and
gentlemen.
Stationery.
Wholesale and
retail business.
Telegrams: "Chalita."
'
'
'
Ibagu, Colombia, S. A.
J.
ULPIANO BONILLA
Merchant established
Calle del Comercio.
at Ibagu,
on
eonstantly
reijlenished
assort-
Wholesale and
'
retail business.
'
'
LA PATRIA
Este establecimiento fu fundado en Ibagu en el ao de 1911 por el seor Jenaro CaUe A. Es quiz el mejor que hay en la Repblica, pues tiene una capacidad para producir dos mil docenas de botellas por da, y por los elementos con que las confecciona, por la suavidad al gusto, por sus cualidades tnicas e higinicas y, ms que todo, por su bajo precio, no tienen rival en ninguna parte. Las materias primas pueden ser sometidas a riguroso examen, pues todas ellas han sido hbilmente seleccionadas. Las mquinas son las ms modernas que para el objeto Se toma por dos motivos: por placer y se han fabricado.
Is
kind in Colombia.
Produces about
The
quality, softness
and
ex-
The
earefully selected.
Machinery
up
to date.
ellas lo til
mezclado con
lo agradable.
IMPRENTA DE LA DICESIS
Printing Office of the Diocese Ibagu, Tolima Plaza de Bolvar
Este acreditado establecimiento, fundado en el ao de 1908, es el ms importante de la ciudad. El xito alcanzado hasta hoy, la numerosa clientela con que cuenta en la ciudad y resto del Departamento, lo debe a que sus talleres estn provistos de los elementos ms modernos en el arte tipoThis well-known establishment, founded in 1908,
is
the
its
kind.
Patroized by
numerous
first-class
que continuamente son renovados; la competencia del cuerpo de empleados y sus largos aos de prctica hacen que la nitidez d los trabajos que se ejecutan, sean de incomparable elegancia y correccin, distinguindose adems por el exacto cumplimiento. Cuenta adems con un departamento de papelera y tiles de escritorio, importados directamente de las principales casas europeas y americanas, por lo que siempre tiene el surtido ms completo, que vende a precios equitagrfico, los
tivos.
modern machinery
newed
its
;
its
successful
to
practice enable
their
owners
turn out
work in anything in
line.
all
EUGENIO RAMREZ
Botica Andina
^Andean
S.
Drtjg Store
Great drug-store established in 1912 in the city of Ibagu and
es-
tablecida en el ao de 1912, en la ciudad de Ibagu, Departamento del Tolima, manejada directamente por su propietario. El establecimiento goza de gran fama y est considerado entre los mejores del pas. Constantemente recibe toda clase de drogas de las mejores fbricas de Europa y los
managed
served
directly
by
its
owner.
ame owing
to its eonstantly
Estados Unidos. Especial atencin en el despacho de frmulas. Solicita catlogos y muestras de todo lo relacionado con su negocio.
Speeial care
scriptions.
ples wanted.
MAXIMILIANO NEIRA
Importacin directa
Direct Importation
Great stock of
clothes.
all
Gran
Woolen and
LAZZARO
Ca.,
de
Compra
caf, cueros,
caucho y oro.
632
Buys
cofEee, hides,
Ibagu, Colombia.
Ibagu, Colombia.
Fbrica
'*
especial
del
sin
rival
Veneno
Manufacturers
of
the
unrivalled
poison
FNIX"
FNIX
antkiller.
del pas.
HUMBERTO RESTREPO
Comerciante y Agricultor
Casa establecida en 1910. Comerciante en artculos de primera necesidad, por mayor y menor. Propietario de la afamada tienda "El Canad." Siempre en existencia un gran surtido de la mejor calidad de Azcar, Panela, Maz, Frjol, Arroz, Bspermas, Jabn, Petrleo, Sal, Tabaco, Artculos de Ferretera, Rancho, Licores y en general toda clase de artculos americanos y del pas.
Recibe representaciones. Da referencias a satisfaccin. Direccin Plaza de Mercado
:
Established in 1910.
Wholesale and
retail
merchant.
Owner
candles, soap,
oil,
cablegrfica Cdigos A. B. C, Lieber's y Samper. Correspondencia en espaol. Ibagu, Departamento del Tolima, Colombia.
Wire
address,
HUMBER-
HUMBERTOR.
TOR.
Correspondence in Spanish.
Ibagu, Tolima, Colombia.
A.
QUIJANO GMEZ
Ibagu, Tolima
all classes
Agente t Comisionista
Takes charge of
Tolima
and Huila.
ment.
With
listas
de precios.
lists
requested.
F.
Lamus
O.
Large stock of superior drugs directly imported from European and American firms. Has another branch store in town in Santa Librada Square.
the very best
Dr. show.
Lamus
is
the
film
He
is
'
graph with
electric light
own property.
firm desiring to
Any
theatrical
concern
or
film
do
Lamus.
Tiene establecido en la plaza de Bolvar un Carrousell.
any regular business in this city should write without any loss of time to Dr. Lamus.
Selling of building materials.
agencies.
construccin.
Se
Takes charge of any
of
encarga de toda clase de agencias. Por telgrafo: "Lamus." njagu, Departamento del Tolima.
Ibagu,
Department
Tolima,
Colombia.
Wire,
"Lamus."
633
Physician
and Surgeon
is one of the most prominent physiDepartment of Tolima. He is the son of Mr. Rafael Grazt Uribe and Mrs. Agripina Vargas de Grazt; was born Studied in Bogot, in Tenza (Boyac) February 15, 1882. where he obtained his degrees of Bachelor and Doctor. His theais verses on the subject of Post-operatory Peritonitis. la at the present time Health oflBcer of the 2nd BattaUon of Ayaeucho Regiment No. 12. Apart from this he has held several posts, such as: Anatomical Director of Bogot Faculty in 1905; Interim Practitioner, Military Practitioner, and waa awarded prize in the Surgical Concourse. Has profitably practised his profession during a period of eight years in the Departments of Boyac, Tolima and Cun-
salientes del
Dr. Rafael Mara Grazt uno de los radicoa Departamento del Tolima.
le
ms
cians in the
expedidos
fueron
Su
Actualmente ea oficial de Sanidad del Batalln II del Regimiento Ayaeucho No. 12. Ha desempeado varios puestos, entre ellos el de Director Anatmico de la Facultad de Bogot en 1905, Practicante interno, Practicante militar y premiado en el Concurso de Ciruga en 1906. Ha ejercido su profesin con provecho durante ocho aos en los departamentos de Boyac, Tolima y Cundinamarca. Actualmente reside en Ibagu, Calle Real. Habla francs, ingls y castellano. Es especialista en Ginecologa y Tocologa. Ibagu, Colombia.
dinamarca. He at present resides in Ibagu (Royal Street). Speaks French, Engsh and Spansh and is a specialist in Obstetrics and Tocology. Was married to Mrs. Mara Nates de Grazt in Bogot in the year 1910. Ibagu, Colombia
Ibagu
Colombia
DR. RAFAEL
Cirujano Dentista
Dental
GRANADA
Surgeon
Specialist in pate
extractions.
Especialista
en dentaduras
work and
mounted
appli-
de
paladar
extracciones.
Modern and
offices.
well
Disinfecting
tra-
ances.
Work
guaranteed to
satisfy.
Ibagu^ Colombia.
J. Importador'^y Exportador
Importer
Su almacn figura hoy entre uno de los principales del puerto de Purificacin sobre el Ro
Magdalena. Mantiene siempre un surtido completo de: drogas, medicinas, especficos, perfumera, vinos
medicinales, rancho, conservas, galletas, especias, brochas, artculos para las artes, cristalera, papelera, tiles de escritorio, artculos de ptica,
etc., etc.
and Exporter His store is now one of the best in the port of Purificacin, on the river Magdalena. He has always a complete assortment of drugs,
medicines, specifics, perfumes, medicinal wines, canned goods, biscuit, spices, brushes, articles f or
painting, glassware, stationery, paper hangings and articles of every description for opticians,
etc., etc.
y condi'
Purifi634
cacin, Colombia.
Requests price lists, discounts and terms, Telegraphic address: "Gastroz." Purificacin, Colombia.
Fundado por
doctor Adriano
Perdomo en
Situated
in-
Eepublic and
Up-to-date aecommodations.
portado comn da entrada al saln que divide las dos galeras de baos y separa el departamento destinado para las seoras del de los hombres. Paralelamente al edificio, a treinta metros de distancia,
corre la fuente medicinal que abastece los baos y en la eual se ha construido una gran piscina que est cubierta por frondosos rboles. Su agua contiene sulfato de calcio y sulfato de magnesio en proporciones anlogas a las de las afamadas aguas de Vittel.
conveniences.
the
with
main building runs the medicinal spring at a distance of thirty meters, fiUing a large swimming tank shaded by spreading trees. Its waters contain large quantities of sulphate of ealcium and sulphate
of niagnesium in analogous proportions to those of Vittel.
This spring
Dermatosis.
is
Lithiasis,
and
Indicaciones:
La
muy
sano.
and telegraph
office,
fine hotels
Office of Dr.
Perdomo: Bogot,
Pedro Triana G.
Comerciante, Agricultor. Ibagu, Tolima. Almacenes, Plazas Bolvar y Mercado. Surtido completo do Rancho, Licores, Cigarrillos, Precios y calidades Vinos, Harinas, Ferretera, Abarrote, Batn. " Direccin telegrfica: "Petkiage. sin competencia.
Merchant and agriculturist. Ihagu, Tolima. Bolvar and Mercado. A fine stock in canned ettes, wines, flours, hardware and home goods Prices and terms out of competition. By wire:
Large
stores,
Plazas
Petriaqe.
Flix Jimnez
Comerciante y Agricultor. Ihag-a, Tolima. Surtido completo y constantemente renovado de mercancas inglesas, francesas, americanas y del pas. Direccin telegrfica: Flix.
Merchant and
agriculturist.
Ihagu,
Tolima.
Permanent stock
Also
of English, French, and American goods constantly renewed. national goods. By wire: Flix.
Samuel Silva R.
Comerciante. Propietario del ms acreditado almacn de Rancho y Licores. Ibagu, Departamento del Tolima, Colombia.
Merchant. Owner of the well known store spccializing in canned goods and liquors. Ibagu, Department of Tolima, Colombia.
Deogracias Cullar T.
Ibagu, Girardot y ArmeComerciante Agente Comisionista. Compra y venta de toda clase de artculos americania, Colombia. nos y del pas. Direccin telegrfica: Decellak. Establecimiento
"El
Prtico."
Merchant,_ Agent and Commission Agent Ibagu, Girardot and Armenia. Buys and sells all kinds of home goods and American By wire: Decuellae. Establishment "El Prtico," goods. Ibagu, Colombia.
goods on consignment.
By
wire:
Marmoreno.
"Melendro."
Solicitors. They act in Ibagu, Department of Tolima. They take charge of all classes of judicial and administrative business and commission agencies. Telegraphic address: "Melendro."
F.
Cirujano Dentista. Ibagu, Departamento del Tolima. consulta de 8 a 11 y de 1 a 4.
Duque Hurtado
Dentist, Surgeon. Ibagu, Department of Tolima. sultation froni 8 to 11 and from 1 to 4.
Horas de
Hours of con-
635
Takes up legal cases, civil, criminal and of administrative Best of professional services offered. By wire: Manzola. Ibagu, Tolima, Colombia.
Lawyer.
cliaracter.
Jentil Caicedo
Comerciante. Ibagu (Colombia), S. A. Importacin directa de rancho y eonfituras de las principales marcas americanas y Surtido renovado constantemente. Ventas por mayor y europeas.
licores,
al detal.
Merchant. Direct importation of liquors, wines, canned goods and confectionery of the principal and best known American and EuroNew stock always on hand, wholesale and retail. pean marks. Ibagu, Colombia.
Cristbal Martnez
Comerciante. Almacn de Eancho y Licores. Ventas por mayory Precios sin competencia. Importacin directa. Direccin al detal. Departamento del Tolima (Colombia). telegrfica: Crismart.
M.
Large liquor
store.
Merchant.
Commission Agents. Merchants. Ibagu and Girardot. Buy and drafts on foreign markets. Sell goods on consignment. Preight handled on commission in Colombia or abroad.
sell
Botero Hermanos
Comerciantes
del Tolima. tido de telas
precios
ms
Ibagu, Colombia, Departamento Gran surArtculos de fantasa. y objetos para regalo. Las mejores calidades y los bajos.
Merchants and agriculturists. Ibagu, Colombia, Department of Pashion store and fancy artieles. Large stock in fancy articles and goods of every kind. Best quality and lowest prices.
Tolima.
Especialidad en ar-
Commeree and importation. Specialties toilet axticles, perfumery and every kind of fancy articles. SoUcits catalogues and samples and price lists of goods in line with her business. Ibagu, Colombia.
Roberto Santofimio H.
Comerciante y agricultor. Ibagu, Colombia. Departamento del Tolima. Almacn de novedades. Artculos para seoras, caballeros y nios, artculos para regalo y en general toda clase de mercancas extranjeras y del pas.
Merchant and agriculturist. Ibagu, Colombia, Department of Tolima. Novelty Store. Articles for ladies, gentlemen and children. Pine presents. Sells all kinds of foreign and home goods.
Santos Hermanos
Especialidad en artculos ingleses, franceses y Comerciantes. americanos. Toda clase de artculos del pas. Surtido permanentemente renovado. Ibagu, Tolima, Colombia.
Specialty in English, Prench and American dry goods. national goods. Large stock renewed constantly. Ibagu, Tolima, Colombia.
Merchants.
sale
Large
in
Eugenio Varn
"El Progreso." Gran aserradero y carpintera, talabartera. Agencia Mortuoria. Puerza de vapor. Puertas, ventanas, muebles, molduras, machimbre, etc. Venta de maderas. Camelln de la Plaza de Mercado. Ibagu, Tolima, Colombia.
El Progreso. Large saw milis and carpentry shop. Saddlery. Undertakers. Steam power. Makers of Windows, furniture, etc., etc. Sale of fine timber for construction purposes. Avenue of the MarketIbagu, Tolimu, Colombia. Place.
Julio Salazar
Comerciante y agricultor. Ibagu, Tolima. A este ltimo ramo ha prestado especial atencin, al cultivo del caf, rboles frutales de todas clases, eucaliptus y man.
le
Merchant and Agriculturist. Ibagu, Tolima. SpeciaUst in fruit Great varieties. Euealyptus and growing, also cofifee plantations. peanut plantations.
Alberto Valenzuela
Ibagu, Departamento del Tolima. Comerciante en mercancas extranjeras y del pas. Surtido renovado constantemente de artculos para hombre. Apartamento de rancho, licores, etc. Precios fuera de competencia. Ibagu, Department of Tolima. Merchant and dealer in foreign and home goods. Stock renewed constantly. Specialty^ in men's Canned goods, great variety, also fine wines. Prices out of artieles.
competition.
636
HONDA
Honda es un centro comercial de grande importancia, situada en la confluencia de los ros Magdalena y Gual; est unida por ferrocarril al puerto de La Dorada, por ser el trmino de la navegacin del Alto y Bajo Magdalena, Honda is a commereial center of great importance, situatcd at the confluence of the Magdalena and Gual rivers. It is connected by railway with the port of La Dorada, being the terminus of the navigation of both the Upper and Lower Magdalena, and a place through which all the export and import commerce of the central part of the republic must pass. Its streets are wide and straight, and have handsome two- and three-story buildings. It has five first-class and severa! second-class hotels. There are in Honda two coffee-thrashing milis, one using oil engines, and the other waterwheels two soap factories a school for teaching the manufacture of straw hats, rugs, and sisal bags two ice factories a college for young ladies, directed by the Sisters of Charity, and two for young men, one of them being directed by the Christian Brothers; three public schools for boys, and three for girls four printing houses, publishing four newspapers; a good hospital, attended by Sisters of Charity, where there are constantly between 60 and 80 patients. Mr. Manuel I. Navarro is building a concrete theatre, and there is one already in use, less pretentious, but which has boxes, a pit and balcony.
; ; ; ;
to
the municipality an iron bridge over the Gual river, and installed an electrie plant to light the city and genrate power for a wheat mili which he is building. There is a good aqueduct, which is the property of the municipality;
y
la
el
el
punto obligado por donde se hace todo el comercio de importacin y exportacin del centro de la repblica con
extranjero.
calles
son amplias y rectas y se hallan adornadas por y slidos de dos pisos y aun de tres. Para el movimiento de pasajeros cuenta la ciudad con cinco buenos hoteles y otros de segunda categora. Existe una trilladora de caf, servida por motor de petrleo, y otra, por fuerza hidrulica; dos fbricas de jabn una escuela de tejidos de sombreros de paja, alfombras y costales de fique; fbrica de hielo; un colegio de seoritas regentado por las Hermanas de la Caridad y dos de varones, a cargo uno de ellos de los Hermanos Cristianos tres escuelas pblicas de varones y otras tres de nias cuatro imprentas, en las que se publican cuatro peridicos un buen hospital servido por las Hermanas de la Caridad, donde hay siempre de sesenta a ochenta enfermos. El seor Manuel I. Navarro est construyendo un teatro de muros de concreto, y hay otro muy modesto pero que tiene palcos, platea y galera el conocido comerciante don Pedro A. Lpez don al municipio un gran puente de hierro que est colocado sobre el ro Gual, y mont una planta elctrica para dotar de luz a la ciudad y con esa misma fuerza mover un molino de trigo cuyo edificio est levantando. Hay buen acueducto, de propiedad del municipio, cuya agua se facilita a las casas de los vecinos a razn de 56 centavos mensuales los tres cuartos de pulgada. Dentro
Sus
edificios elegantes
water is supplied to houses at the rate of 56 cents a month good market square for every three-quarter inch pipe. will soon be finished, on the site of the church and convent of San Francisco, ruined by the earthquake of 1805.
637
The town-hall, where tlie public oiBces are located, is a good two-story building; so is the jail, vi^hich, besides, is very safe, and contains the celebrated colonial dungeons known as La Ciega. In the Plaza of America, which is the commercial center of the city, there is a small park. In Carmen Plaza there is a modest monument in memory of the centenary of the Independence. In addition to the bridge donated by Mr. Lpez, there is another across the Gual river, built in 1872 to replace an od Spanish bridge and there are, besides, two railroad bridges. The Gual river, which flows through the center of the to^vn, formerly had crystalline waters. Mining operations, however, have filled it so with mud and rubbish, that it can no longer be used either for bathing or for washing. Across the Magdalena there is a large suspensin bridge built by Mr. Bernardo Navarro eighteen years ago, by concession granted to him to own it for a period of 99
years after its completion. great deal of the trade of Turks.
Honda
;
is
in the
hands of
The
level,
city has a temperature of 29 C. elevation above sea210 meters; population, 9000 inhabitants.
A.
Importadores y Exportadores
Honda, GolomMa
Almacenes con surtido constantemente renovado de mercancas. Especialidad en artculos de lujo para seoras y caballeros de alto tono, a
Honda, Colombia
Stores keej)ing an assorted stock of drygoods, frequently renewed. Special finery articles for ladies and gentlemen, assorted to please the most refined taste.
satisfaccin del
ms
delicado gusto.
Ventas
al
Sells Wholesale.
por mayor.
Telgrafo "ELASMAE." Cdigos: Lieber, A. B. C. 5=^ Edicin. Apartado #43.
Telegraphic address: "ELASMAR." Codes used: Lieber's and A. B. C. 5th Editioii. P. O. B. No. 43.
638
ESCOBAR HERA/ANOS
Fbrica de Jabn "La Esteella"
SOAP-FACTORY " La EsTRELLA"
este puerto
Said f actory was f ounded in the Port of Honda in the year 1902 it is the oldest of this port and
;
and exeellence
of
its
foundation until
its
hoy ha venido permanentemente mejorando la clase de sus productos y aumentando estos de una manera considerable.
prod-
in a considerable
manner.
En
co,
In 1902
toneladas mensuales
y hoy da produce
veinticin-
ta
cinco.
it is
La
para
products,
its
su personal
tcnico
las
enter iuto
its
buyen en un todo
siendo mayores.
ment and
day
by day are
poblaciones
Honda
The
is
very comis
El
edificio
muy
occupies
in one
calles
Honda having
mercial movement.
Honda, Colombia.
Honda, Colombia.
ClA.
Business established in Hona very commercial port. Tmports general mcrchandise and exports products of the
da,
country.
TelegTiph address: "Berros."
de
artculos
del
Telgrafo: "Berros."
digo: Lieber.
C-
Honda (Oolombia).
Honda, Colombia.
639
A. y R.
Casa de
Negociantes
aos.
VERGARA
Z.
en
ganado
hace
muchos
in
many
years.
Importers,
Honda and
and
Barranquilla,
where
directly
they
im-
en las cuales tienen un permanante surtido de mercancas, francesas, inglesas y espaolas, las que
Spanish
goods,
as:
tacin
tales
como
cueros,
coffee,
rubber,
etc.,
for exportation.
Sell
to
on commission
all
articles consigned
them.
Especialidad en vinos,
rios de la acreditada
nicos depositadel
marca registrada
' : '
Specialty in wines and sol keepers of the famous rum marked and registered "San
Rafael.
'
Avergaka.
'
Telegrapjiio address:
"Avergaba."
Honda (Colombia).
Honda, Colomhia.
VALENCIA AMAYA y
Establecidos en
el
ClA.
Tbis firm
in the
puerto de
Honda
lias
business established
eon
iva.
Imports
medicines.
sorts
of
drugs
oils,
and
per-
barnices,
dulces,
pinturas,
vinos,
aceites,
Also
toilet
articles,
papelera,
spices,
and
stationery.
Codes used
Cdigos: Samper 2^
ed.,
Samper 2nd
edition
Lieber.
FARID
Sucesor de Salomn Naffa
S.
NAFFA
H.
SuccEssoR OF Salomn Naffa
Comerciante importador y
exportador.
grfica:
Direccin tele-
"Napfah."
toda clase
Artculos de
al
kinds of goods.
articles.
retail.
Importacin de
de mercancas.
lujo
and
por
Telegraphic address: Napfah.
Honda (Colombia)
Honda, Colomhia.
640
Dental
Srgeon
Chaparral, Tolima
is
ramo de
dentistera que
inhabitants,
good breeding.
AMBALEMA
provincia del mismo nombre, en el Departamento del Tolima. Su cabecera est situada sobre la margen izquierda del ro Magdalena, en la confluencia del Riorrecio. Tiene el municipio ricas dehesas y produce en sus fecundas vegas cacao, tabaco, caa de azcar, buenos pastos, etc. Ambalema est comunicada con Honda por el Ferrocarril de La Dorada, que tiene 82 kilmetros. Tiene tres fbricas de cigarrillos finos, de proverbial fama en el pas. Las fbricas manufactureras de este artculo son La Patria, del seor John M. Vaugham ocupa diariamente ciento setenta mujei-es y cuarenta y nueve hombres, cuyo costo semanal asciende a $-100 oro; elabora 45,000 cigarrillos en el mismo tiempo; exporta tres mil arrobas de tabaco de primera calidad, y compra seis mil
Distrito correspondiente
a. la
:
A district of the province of the same ame, in the Department of Tolima. Its chief town, Ambalema, is situated on the left bank of the Magdalena river, at the mouth of
the Riorrecio river. The municipality has excellent pasture lands, and its fertile fields produce cacao, tobceo, sugarcane, etc. Ambalema is counected with Honda by the La Dorada railroad, which has a length of 82 kilometers^y
There are in it three cigarette factories, whose producs La Patria, one of are f amos throughout the republic. these factories, belongs to Mr. John M. Vaugham; it employs daily 170 women and 49 men, the total weekly wages amouuting to 400 dollars. It produces 45,000 cigarettes per
'
'
'
'
arrobas por cosecha en las que invierte aproximadamente diez y ocho mil pesos oro. Ocupa un hermoso local, construido de muros de ladrillo y cubierto de teja de barro, cuyas dimensiones son las de una manzana, mas o menos; tiene espacioso departamento para el alio de la hoja y para depsitos. La Habanera, de los seores Blanco & Rodrguez, emplea diariamente cincuenta aliadoras, noventa elaboradoras y treinta obreros, y el gasto por salarios, semaualmente, asciende a $240 oro. Exporta cien arrobas de tabaco aliado, de primera clase, y trescientas arrobas de tercera, y fabrica por semana cincuenta mil cigarros.
week; exports 3000 arrobas (1 arroba=25 Ib.) of first-class and buys 6000 arrobas from every crop, valued at about 18,000 dollars. It has a beautiful building, with brick walls and tile roof, oecupying about one city block. It has large departments for the preparation of the leaf
tobceo,
and for
storage.
La
fbrica del seor Carlos Pinzn ocupa el tercer lugar. El catastro del municipio vale $328,527 oro. En vista de la Ley 39 de 1914, sobre ferrocarril de Ibagii a Ambalema, la Gobernacin del Departamento orden hacer el trazado, los planos y presupuesto de costo de este ferrocarril. El camino de Ambalema a Manizales, por Lrida y Lbano, conforme a la Ley 42 de 1913, se ejecutar despus de terminado el de la va de Honda a Sonsn. El censo oficial levantado en 1912 le asigna al municipio
6,599 habitantes.
another of the large factories, belongs Blanco and Rodrguez. It employs daily 140 women and 30 men, whose aggregate salaries amount It exports 100 arrobas of firstto 240 dollai's per week. class tobceo, and 300 arrobas of third-class tobceo, and produces 50,000 eigars per week. The other leading factory is that of Mr. Carlos Pinzn. The real estte of the municipality is worth 328,527 dolto the fi-m of
lars.
"La Habanera,"
In accordance with
Law
39
of 1914,
relating to the
Ibagu-Ambalema railroad, the government of the depart-^ ment ordered the location, maps and estiraates made. The road from Ambalema to Manizales, by way of Lrida and Lbano, provided for by Law 42 of 1913, will be built after the completion of the Honda-Sonsn road.
Aceordiug
inhabitants.
to tlie
Segn nueva
varadero sobre
cional.
el
ley,
In conformity with a recent law, the construction is being projected of a boat yard on the Magdalena river. to be paid for by the national government. ^^ Ambalema is 60 kilometers from Honda, 70 from Ibagu, 90 from La Dorada, and 120 from Bogot.
.
641
ro
en esa regin se introdujo, por el Atrato, el mayor nmero de esclavos africanos, para el laboreo de las minas del Choc y comarcas adyacentes. Industria y Comercio. La principal industria del departamento es la pecuaria, debido a la feracidad de las tierras y excelencia de los pastos. La agricultura produce bastante cacao en las orillas del Cauca y sus anuentes, as como caf, trigo, papas y dems productos de las tierras El tabaco se da de fras, en las faldas de las cordilleras. buena calidad en el Valle, especialmente el de Palmira, afamado por su exquisito olor. Se extrae oro en algunos ros afluentes del Cauca y en todos los de la regin occidental. En el ro Cauca navegan barcos de vapor, entre Cali y Cartago, y est para terminarse el ferrocarril que hoy pone en comunicacin las ciudades nombradas con el puerto de Buenaventura, sobre el ocano Pacfico.
debido a
the north, the Department of Caldas on the east, the Department of Tolima; on the south, the Department of Cauca; and on the west, the Pacific ocean. rea, 28,000 square kilometers. The Department of El Valle inNatural Features. cludes the central part of the Cauca valley, formed by the river of this ame, which flows between the Choc Cordillera on the west, and the Central or Quindo Cordillera on the east. The principal rivers flowing from the Western Cordillera towards the Pacific are the Naya, Yurumangu, Dagua, and Calima, the last being a tributary of the San Juan, luto the Cauca river empty a great many streams, which, however, are of small length and volume, especially on the left-hand side, on account of the narrowness of the valle.y. Population. The departmeut has a population of 217,159 inhabitants, among whom there are a great many negroes and mulattoes living on the banks of the Cauca river and its tributarles, as well as on the Pacific coast. This great number of negroes is due to the fact that many African slaves were introduced into that regin up the Atrato river, to work the mines of the Choc territory. Industry and Commerce. The principal industry of the
Boundaries.
On
departmeut is cattle raising, the lad being most fertile and the grass of excellent quality. On the banks of the Cauca and its tributarles large quantities of cacao are raised and on the sides of the mountains, coffee, wheat, potatoes and other products of cold climates. The tobceo of
;
El Valle, especially that of Palmira, is of excellent quality and noted for its aroma. Gold is extraeted from some of tlie ti'ibutaries of the Cauca and from the rivers in the western regin. On the Cauca river, between Cali and Cartago, there is a steamboat line, and the railroad connecting these two cities with the port of Buenaventura, on
'
Para los efectos polticos y administrativos departamento se halla dividido en siete provincias, que son Buenaventura, capital Buenaventura Buga, capital Buga; Cali, capital Cali; Cartago, capital Cartago Palmira, capital Palmira; Arboleda, capital Roldanillo; y
Divisiones.
:
el
Tulu, capital Tulu. Comprenden 29 municipios. Ciudades. Cali, capital del departamento, con 28,000 habitantes, la primera y ms importante poblacin del Valle por su comercio y su poblacin. Est situada a orillas del ro de su nombre, sobre el cual hay iin hei-moso puente. Las casas de la ciiidad son cmodas y elegantes, y las calles rectas, anchas y aseadas. Tiene siete templos catlicos, entre los cuales sobresalen el de San Francisco y el de San Pedro, tres conventos de religiosos y varios establecimientos de educacin. Es sede de la dicesis episcopal de Cali, sufragnea de la arquidicesis de Popayn y formada con territorio cercenado a esta ltima. Palmira, ciudad floreciente por el desarrollo de la agriEl tabaco de olor, que se cultura (25,000 habitantes). cultiva en sus inmediaciones,' goza de mucha reputacin y extenso mercado. Buga, a corta distancia del ro Cauca y eu fcil comunicacin con el Pacfico. Fi ciudad muy importante en la poca colonial, y figura todava entre las de primer orden en el departamento por su poblacin, cultura y riqueza
agrcola
.y
is about to be completed. Political Divisions. For politieal administrative purposes, the departmeut is divided into seven provinces namely: Buenaventura, capital Buenaventura; Buga, capital Buga Cali, capital Cali Cartago, capital Cartago Palmira, capital Palmira; Arboleda, capital Roldanillo; and Tulu, capital Tulu. It is subdivided into 29 munici-
the Pacific,
palities.
departmeut popumost important city in El Valle, on account of both its commerce and its population. It lies on the Cali river, over which there is a beautiful bridge. The houses are comfortable and handsome, and the streets are straight and wide, and kept clean. There are
Principal
cities.
lation, 28,000.
It is the
pecuaria.
Buenaventura, situada sobre una pequea isla del Pacfico. Es el puerto ms importante del departamento y la va por donde se hace la mayor parte de las exportaciones e importaciones del Valle del Cauca. Toca en l el cable submarino y de all arranca el ferrocarril que liga las principales ciudades del departamento. Cartago, a orillas del ro de La Vieja. Produce bastante cacao, caf y tabaco; sus dehesas abundan en ganados
excelentes.
seven Catholic churehes, the principal ones being those of San Francisco and San Pedro three monastic convens, and several edueational institutions. The city is the see of the episcopal diocese of Cali, suflragan to the Archdioeese of Popayn, from the territory of which it was formed. Palmira, a flourishing agricultural town with 25,000 inhabitants. The aromatic tobceo {tabaco de olor), grown in its neighborhood, has a great reputation. Buga, a short distance from the Cauca river and haviug au easy means of communication with the Pacific. It was a very important city in colonial times, and is still one of the principal cities in the department, on account of its population, culture and agricultural wealth. Buenaventura, on a small island of the Pacific, is the principal sea port in the department and the one tlirougli which nearly all export and import trade of the Cauca valIt is one of the terminis of tlie subley is carried on. nuirine cable, as well as of a railroad connecting the port with the principal towns of the department. Cartago, on the La Vieja river, produces considerable quantities of cacao, coflfee, and tobceo, and excellejit cattle.
;
642
CALI
Capital del Departamento del Valle del Cauca, fu fundada en 1536 por el Capitn espaol Miguel Lpez Muoz, teniente de Sebastin de Belalczar. En 1559, durante el reinado de Felipe II, le fu concedido escudo de armas, y en 1670 se le dio, por real cdula, el ttulo de muy noble y leal ciudadano. Est situada en la falda oriental de la Cordillera Occidental de los Andes, a 1032 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Capital of the Department of in 1536 by the Spanish Captain of the lieutenants of Sebastin during the reign of Philip 11., a to liim, and in 1670 he received of most noble and loyal citizen.
Valle del Cauca, founded Migaiel Lpez Muoz, one de Belalczar. In 1559,
coat of arms vvas granted by royal decree the title
^m
'iiijfit..
^pl^*
^i?'/J'.KjE'
The city is situated on the eastern slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes, 1032 meters above sea-level, in latitudt 3 25' north, and longitude 78 21' west of the Paris meridian (2 25' 46" west of the Bogot meridian). Its average temperature is 25 C. The arca within the city limits is 256 hektares, and the population is about 30,000 inhabitants. The average baroiueteric pressnre is ()&.) millimeters. The climate is dry and vcry healthful. The dry seasons last through January, Pi^brnary, i\Iarch, July, August and September. Rain is fi'equent duriiig the other months of the year.
.^i^
Buga is 500 kilometers from Bogot, the capital of the republic. It eomnuniicates with the port of Buenaventura, on the Pacific oeean, by a good railroad, measuring about 134 kilometers from the seashore to Cali, where it divides into two branches, going respectively south and north, through the principal cities of the Cauca valley.
r.jt
con una norte de diano de diano de
'V.IT''vi>-igJHr
One
side of
^-
''^
Caycedo Park
temperatura media de 25 centgrados, latitud 3 25', y 78 21' de longitud occidental del meriPars (2 25' 46" longitud occidental del meriBogot). El rea urbana mide 256 hectreas y La tiene una poblacin aproximada de 30,000 habitantes. presin es de 669 mm., y el clima es seco y muy sano. El verano se acenta en enero, febrero, marzo, julio, agosto y septiembre y las lluvias son frecuentes en los otros meses
del ao.
Among the principal buildings of Cali the following may be mentioned the churches of San Pedro, San Francisco and La Merced, a large convent adjoining each of the last two; a government building; the municipal building; the court house, where the offices are located of the higher tribunal of the district, the supreme court, four circuit courts, and the offices of the proseeutors of the tribunal and high courts; the buildings belonging to the normal schools, and the colleges of Santa Librada and Madres de la Providencia; the-charity hospital, the lunatic asylum, the market place, public slaughter house, railroad statioii, a good barracks in process of constrnction, and many prvate buildings.
:
Dista de Bogot, capital de la repblica, 500 kilmetros y est unida al puerto de Buenaventura, en el ocano Pacfico, por un buen ferrocarril, que mide 174 kilmetros desde el mar hasta Cali, en donde la lnea se divide en dos ramales, dirigidos el uno hacia el sur y hacia el norte el otro, enlazando las principales ciudades del Valle del Cauca. Figuran entre sus principales edificios los siguientes los templos de San Pedro, San Francisco y la Merced, estos dos ltimos con espaciosos conventos adyacentes; la casa de Gobierno la Municipal la de Justicia, donde funciona el Tribunal Superior del Distrito, un Juzgado Superior, cuatro Juzgados de Circuito y las Fiscalas del Tribunal y del Juzgado Superior los edificios de las Escuelas Normales y de los Colegios de Santa Librada y de las Madres de la Providencia; el ITospital de Caridad, el Manicomio, la Plaza de Mercado, el Matadero Pblico, la Estacin del Ferrocari'il, un famoso cuartel en construccin y muchos
:
; ; ;
Cali is the residence of the governor of the department, of the bishop of the diocese, and of the high commaiul of the Southern military zone.
In the principal plaza there is a handsome park in the eenter of which rises a bronze statue of Joaqun de Caycedo y Cuero, a hero of the Independence. There are besides.
otros edificios de propiedad particular. Es residencia del Gobernador del Departamento, del Obispo de la Dicesis y del Comando General de la Zona Militar del Sur.
En la plaza principal hay un hermoso parque, en cuyo centro se alza la estatua, en bronce, de Joaqun de Caycedo y Cuero, procer de la Independencia. Existen adems los parques de San Nicols, el Centenario, Bolvar y Mallarino. En la plazuela de San Francisco est el bronce del sacerdote franciscano Fray Damin Gonzlez, hijo de Cali, cuyas virtudes se recuerdan con veneracin. Inmediato a la ciudad corre el ro Cali, ofreciendo a sus moradores con la frescura de sus aguas y apacibles riberas, baos deliciosos y saludables. Los alrededores de la poblacin son pintorescos y entre las avenidas y paseos princi643
The Cali river fiows past the city, and affords to the inhabitants beautifu walks, and delightful and healthful baths. The outskii'ts of the city are pictnresiiue, and
among the important avenues and promenades the foUowing nuiy be mentioned Uribe Uribe, Miguel Lpez Muoz, Pen, Meludez, Sau Antonio, and Aguacatal.
:
There are several good hotels conveniently located. There are, however, so many visitors to the city that the
establishment of new hotels provided with all modern conveniences and comforts would be a very profitable undertaking.
The present water-supply system is very much antiquated, but the municipal eouneil has undertaken the construction of a pipe line, designed in aceordanee with the
hace falta una buena pavimentacin. Posee la ciudad magnfica planta elctrica movida por fiierza hidrulica, que suministra energa para el movimiento de las nuiquinarias de la poblacin. El iMunicipio costea cerca de 7 focos para el alumbrado pblico y casi todas las Por casas particulares poseen ya instalaciones elctricas. el servicio de luz paga el Municipio ^tl-SO mensuales por foco de 32 voltios y el alumbrado privado vale (;0.75 (foco de It biijas). Existen dos bancos bien establecidos, que venden giros sobre el exterior y prestan dinero con inters del l^^ al 2% mensual. Varias casas de comercio se ocupan tambin en esta clase de operaciones. Es notoria la falta de bancos hipotecarios y de agricultores, sobre todo si se tiene en cuenta la circunstancia de que la generalidad de los caleos son propietarios de tncas races. El servicio telefnico est bien establecido y pertenece a un empresario particular. Existe tambin un buen servicio de automviles, lo mismo que de carros, camiones y auto-camiones para transportes. Funcionan siete imprentas bien dotadas, cuatro de ellas movidas por electricidad, y se publican varios peridicos La con extensa informacin local, nacional y m\indial. Gobernacin, el Tribunal Superior y el Concejo tienen sus respectivos rganos de publicidad.
les
"'^JlVi'Sv^
1^\^\
:lk3_
i
i
.riffl
"'
-^
'-
^^^ ""^"^
'\
i,
^',
Iglesia de
i ij^
ft
San
FranL'is:;o
'HM
Church of St.
Francis
modern engineering praetice. The construction is under the direction of a special city board. All the masoury work is already nearly finished, and very soou the steel pipe will be put in.
best
The
sanitarj' serviee
citj-
is
of the paving.
are straiglit
very well organized. The streets and kept clean, but lack good
There is an excellent electric plant, wliicli is operated by water power and furnishes energy for all the machinei'y in the city. The nuinieipality pays for nearly 700 lamps for public lighting, and nearly all prvate honses are alThe munieipality pays readA' lighted from the plant. monthly $0.50 per 32-volt lamp, and prvate persous pay at the rate of $0.75 per 16-candlepower lamp.
There are two well organized banks, which sell foreign drafts and loan money at rates of betweeu It and 2 per cent per month. There are several commercial honses engaged in similar operations. The lack of mortgage and agricultural banks is sorely felt, especially as the majority
of the people of
means
serviee
The telephone
well established
is
a prvate concern.
There
also
Cali Church
La Biblioteca del Centenario, fundada en 1910, consta de unos 1,500 volmenes, escogidos entre las obras ms notables en literatura, historia, derecho, enciclopedias, etc., y se halla instalada en un amplio local de propiedad del Municipio. Existen en la ciudad una Sociedad de Abogados, una de Medicina fundada en 1SS6 y un Centro de Historia. La estadstica municipal est a cargo de un empleado especial y funciona igualmente una oficina de estadstica nacional. Todo lo relacionado con el oi'nato y embellecimiento de la poblacin, corresponde a una Junta formada por vecinos
644
There are several well equipped printeries, four of which There are several newspapei-s, which use electric power. The mucontain full local, national and foreign news. nicipal government, the superior tribunal and the municipal council publish their respective orgaus.
The Centenary Libraiy, founded in 1910, contains about 1500 volumes, which include the best literary. historical, law, and encyclopedic works. It occupics an ampie building, which is the property of the nnuiieipality.
cine,
There are in the city a society of lawyers, one of medifounded in ISSl!, and a historical association. The
LIBBO AZUL
honorables,
joras.
1)10
Hay en el Municipio 26 planteles de enseanza primaria, a los cuales concurren 3,481 alumnos; dos escuelas nocturnas coii 113, y siete de pai'ticularcs, con 188. Para la enseanza secundaria existen cinco colegios oficiales, con 33!) educandos, y 8 privados, con 570 alumnos de and)os
sexos.
estacin del Ferrocarril, de estilo moderno, amplia, slida y elefante, est unida a la ciudad por dos lneas del tranva y ofi'ece a los viajeros toda clase e comodidades. El tranva tiene una lnea principal (pie va a puerto Mallarino, en el ro Cauca, donde se hace un intenso conun-eio de vveres. Dos compaas de vapores, poseedoras de cinco
La
Therc are within the municii)ality 26 primaiy schools, attcnded by 3481 pupils; 2 night seliools, attended by 113 pnpils, and 7 prvate schools, attended by 188 pnpils. l<'or
higlier education, therc are 5 oCficial colleges, attcnided
3.39
liy
ol'
lioth scxes.
The
])y two and affords to travelers all kinds of convenienees. The tramway has a main line going to the port of Mallarino on the Cauca river, whieh has a very active cominercc in foodstuffs. There are two steamboat eompaiiies, owning fiv(! boats, whieh run on that rive', from the port above mentioned to Virginia, north of Cartago. The principal sources of wealth are, as in the rest of the departmcnt, agriculture, cattle raising and conunerce.
tramways,
Agriculture has not been sufficicntly developed; for, although the soil is most fertile, there has been a lack of capital and scientific methods to eultivate it properly, and VFcalthy land owners prefer to plant their lands with [ara
grass for the raising of cattle.
There are in the province of Cali 26,880 hektarcs of variously cultivated land. The number of gi'own cof'f'ce trees
amounts
plants.
to 125,180, and there are 352,160 sugar-cane The principal products of the regin are eofee,
cacao,
rice,
sugar,
cheese,
corn,
bananas,
etc.
Club de Baseball
buques, hacen la navegacin en el ro mencionado, desde el citado puerto hasta la Virginia, al norte de Cartago. Las principales fuentes de riqueza para los habitantes de la ciudad, como ocurre en todas las del departamento, son la agricultura, la ganadera y el comercio. La primera no se ha desarrollado suficientemente, pues si es verdad que las tierras son de las ms feraces del pas, han faltado capitales y mtodos cientficos para su explotacin, y los ricos pi'opieterios prefieren dedicarse a la formacin de grandes potreros de para, destinados a la industria pecuaria. En la provincia de Cali existen 26,880 hecti'eas de diferentes cultivos; 125,180 matas de caf en produccin y Caf, cacao, arroz, panela, 352,160 de caa de azcar. azcar, queso, maz, pltanos, etc., son los frutos principales de la regin. Hay en el Municipio cerca de 18,666 cabezas de ganado vacuno, cal)allar, lanar y de cerda. En 1916 se dieron al consumo 7,1 i)5 i'cses machos, 602 hembras y 3,436 cerdos. Los [resupuestos de rentas y gastos distritales, que en el ao de 1910 se calcularon en |31,000, ascendieron en 1916 a $134,370, y segn clculos basados en el censo de la poblacin y en la estadstica municipal, en aquel ao cada vecino contribua al pago de los servicios del Distrito con .$1 .24 y en el ltimo con $3.45, suma sta muy inferior a la que pagan en forma de impuestos los vecinos de oti'as pol)laciones del pas. Las industrias no lian tenido buen desari'olhi. debido sin duda a la dificultad de los transportes, que, antes de llegar ei ferrocarril, se hacan a lomo de mua, lo que imposibilitaba la introduccin de pesadas piezas de maquinaria. Hoy empiezan a tomar incremento y existen ya fbi-icas de crrillas fosfricas, de bebidas gaseosas, de bujas estericas, cerveza, jabn, chocolate, hielo, caf, tejidos de punto, Hay tambin ladrillos de mosaico, cigarros y cigarrillos.
There are within the municipality 18,666 head of live stock, iueluding cattle, horscs, sheep and hogs. In 1916, 7,195 male cattle and 602 female cattle were used, besides
3,436 hogs.
Balneario
Bathing Rcsnrt
The revenue and expense budget for the district, whieh in 1910 was estiinated at .$31,000, amo\inted in 1910 to $134,370; and aecording to cstimates based on the census and other statistieal data, in the former year the amount contributed to the district by the inhabitants was $1.24 per head, in the former year, and $3.45 in the latter, whieh
is far less Ihan is |)aid as imposts by the inhabitants of other towns in the republie. The industrial developmcnt has been rather slf)W. owing no doubt to the difficult ti'ans])ortation, whieh, before the construction of the raili'oad, was eft'ected by mules; this naturally made the introducAt present rapid tion of heavy machinery impossible. progress is being made, and there are already sulphur-
645
match, soda-water, stearie-candle, beer, soap, chocolate, ice, coffee, textile, brick, cigar and cigarette factories. Thcre are also coft'ee pulpers and kilns for the manufacture of bricks, tiles and adobes, an industry which is veiy common, owing to the good clay suitable to the purpose which is
(^^
1 1
m"
Hay tres establecimientos de esta clase 38 de negocio. almacenes de mercanca seca; 8 de abarrotes y licores; 4 de (luincalla y ferretera; 2 de elementos fotogrficos; 2 de papelera y tiles de escritorio 2 libreras, y doce drogueras, seis de las cuales introducen en cantidades de bas; ;
*j~>l.
TlS
iU
iT ll^V.
^^^^*
tante consideracin.
La administracin de justicia cuenta con un sek'cto personal, lo mismo que los dems empleados departamentales y municipales. A corta distancia de la poblacin, en las montaas vecinas, se
SL
fonnd all around the city. There are also large quaaitities of building stone, very well adapted to paving and strueNot far from the city there ai-e rieh tures of all kinds. iron and coal mines, which, however, still remain undeveloped or have been worked only by primitive methods
and on a small
gin,
scale.
in
the
re-
and the
maker,
tailor, harnessmaker. machine and fonndry shops, served by iutelligent and skillful operators, who constantly improve them.
The manufacture of leather articles is a very important industry, there being three establishnuuits devoted to it. The city has also 38 drygoods stores, 8 grocery and liquor
t^i H'
T -^
4 hardware stores, 2 stores where photographic mabook stores, and 12 pharmaeies, 6 of which are large importers.
stores,
Cali
The administration of justice, as well as all the other departmental public functions, is in the hands of a select
Station, Pacitie
Raihoad
personuel.
El extranjero que llega a la ciudad es recibido con benevolencia, pues sus habitantes se distinguen por su amplitud de espritu y agradable trato, circunstancias que han dado a la poblacin una fisonoma simptica y bastante cosmopolita.
city,
there are beautiful summer resorts. Foreigners comiug to the city are kindly received, its inhabitants being noted for their hospitality and sociability, a feature that makes the town very popular and gives to it a cosmopolitan character.
G4(j
LIBRO AZUL
i)E
01''
COLOMBIA
activo e
founded
and
intelliis
1906, es bien
ella,
C,
in the
ycar 1906,
well
por sus
occupies
fine
premises on
the
possible comfort
veniences.
Beautiful
elegant
I
halls,
neat and
den throughout,
and good
furniture,
abundant water
cuisine
found
in
any
its
From
may
be
its dispo.sal
two
fine bar-
rooms where
Situado en
tiene
el
it
is
and
choicest wines.
Everything
also
up
to
man-
el edificio
aged.
Here are
found beautiful
Hermosos salones y
tiladas
y venagua
rooms, and telephone and automobile service for the convenience of club members.
con vista
al
Parque,
luz
magnfico
mobiliario,
potable
y abundante
elctrica
y cuartos; y una cocina justamente considerada como de primera clase, hacen del
departamentos
factoria
los
This
Club
enjoys
many
other
advantages and
it
is
viajeros
excelentes
mesas
de
y magnfico
piano.
ms
ricos vinos
licoreg
Gran Club
tiene
adems baos de
pila y
tel-
a las
puertas
del
Si a esto
647
el
el
Gran Club
for
this reason
that
it
may
very
justly be
called
the
"Reina
del Valle."
la bien sentida
Gran
After
the
lamented
in
death
the
of
its
founder,
D. Jorge
in
Pineda
C,
of
1914,
charge
of the
in
no
scale
the
enlargement and
financial
and refined
chosen
is
center.
All the
is
employees are
well
and there
no
doubt that
this center
destined to continu
This
in
may
present
itself
and
is
ready to invest in
turn up.
may
as
decisin judicial,
It
may
its
be
addressed
by wire
Club.
This
will
su padre
poltico
don
Eustacio
Rodrguez,
antiguo^y
reach
P.
Telephone No.
Colombia.
34.
Codes used,
Gran Club ha
la
tomado
el
mayor empeo a
del
fin
de que aumente
buena
A. B. C. 5th edition.
reputacin
capital
establecimiento,
aportando
el
su
no
despreciable,
para
ensanche de
est rodeado al
presente de
los
ramos.
El
Club no desdea
recibir
nuevas ofertas y
propuestas de negocios.
listo
de
misma
direccin
42.
Telfono, 34.
Cali,
Colombia.
648
Va|)or "C;ib;il"
SU'aiiilioiU,
"(!al)!i,r
Servicio
i);ir;i
pasajeros
y carga
clase,
(ion
hiuiuos do
Fassciini'i' ;uiil
frcitlil.
1
rajlic
iii
irsl-cl ass
Kiig-
vapor,
ingles{!S,
de primera
expresamente
lisli
Cauca.
cida en
Esta empresa,
el pas,
muy
acreditada y cono-
conditions ou
Llic
River
auca.
lii.s
liriii,
widcly
knowii
in
all
kiiK Is of
guarantecs
every rcspect.
cumplimiento.
Principal offices:
Cal, Departincid af
del Valle, Colombia.
Oficina principal:
Cali,
Valle, Colondna,
Departamento
" Stearaboat
"Ricaurte'
Vapor "Cabal"
Steamboat
"Cabal"
649
FRANCISCO MENOTTI
Comerciante.
Establecido en 1878.
Casa sucursal en
in
Merchant.
1878.
Branch
at
Armenia (Caldas).
Bstablislicd
Armenia (Caldas). Importa mercancas de los morcados europeos y americanos, y tiene en los almacenes de Cali, un surtido nniy abundante de mercancas, donde los clientes pueden hacer Tambin se atienden sus compras con toda comodidad.
pedidos de fuera y se presta especial atencin al i'amo de empaques. Se garantizan los precios lijos, lo cual constituye una ventaja para el comprador, piu>s ni pierde tiempo ni est expuesto a comprar ms caro que otros.
los
Stores in Cali.
Rich stock of
Special
all
faney goods.
prices.
Fixed
buy
at liigher prices
than at anotlier
Ricardo Price
G.,
tlie
tlie
EiCARDO Price G. Gerente y Representante de la casa Francisco Mentotti de Cali, tiene a su cargo la SubAgeneia del Lloyd's Ingls y de los Comits de Asegures Martimos de Pars, Havre, Burdeos y Marsella, para Todo LO Relacionado con Averas. Telegramas: Menotti. Cdigos: Samper, Lieber's, A.B.C., 5^ edicin, Buenaventura y Cali (Valle).
Agent
for Lloyd's
and for
Wire Menotti.
:
5tli ed.
Buenventura and
Cali.
Alnuicn do Culi
Cali
8tro
Sucursal de Araioiiiu
x\.riaL'iiia
JJrauel
650
GUZMN
D.,
HURTADO Y
Cali
CA.
GUZMN
D.,
HURTADO &
Cali
CO.
Departamento
del Valle
Department of El Valle
socios:
PAUTNKlS:
Apolinar Guzmii D.
Apolinar Guznii
I).
Nicanor Hurlado P.
Jorge Bar rayan O.
Nicanor arlado
'.
Jorge Barragn
Tienen en su fbrica las mquinas ms modernas para la elaboracin de cigarillos, con capacidad para producir tresclbntgs mil cigarrillos en diez horas de trabajo, debidamente encajetillados y con boquillas de corcho. Introducen directamente los mejores materiales de Cuba, Espaa y Estados Unidos. Elaboran el mejor tabaco cultivado en el Cauca con semillas de Cuba y Virginia (EE. UU.) e introducen picaduras de hebra de las afamadas vegas de Hoyo de Monterey en Vuelta Abajo, Cuba, y tambin de tabaco negro y rubio de Virginia. Producen cuatro clases de cigarrillos, que son: "El Sol" Corrientes, con picadura de tabaco del Cauca y semilla Habana; "El Sol" Virginia, con picaduras de tabaco del Cauca y semilla de Virginia; "El Sol" Argelia, con picadura del afamado tabaco de Virginia, en los Estados Unidos, y "El Sol" Monterey, con picadura de tabaco de las vegas de este nombre, en Vuelta Abajo, Cuba. Tienen Agencias en todas las ciudades principales de los Departamentos de Nario, Cauca, Valle, Huila, Toma, Caldas, Cundinamarca y la Intendencia del Choc. Ofrecen buenas utilidades a nuevos agentes que quieran vender los cigarrillos " El Sol " y les ofrecen suministrar toda clase de informaciones. Solicitan catlogos y muestras de todos los productos extranjeros relacionados con su negocio. Conceden especiales descuentos para los pedidos de fuera del Departamento y de la Repblica. Guzm.n D., Hurtado & Co., Cali (Valle, Colombia). Direccin: Cable: Sol. Cdigo: Lieber's.
The maniifacturing plant s fitted throughout witii iiiodern machinery and manufactures cigarottcs on a large scale with an outpit of TiiREE HUNDRKD THOusAND cigarettcs n a ten hour day, made in several stylcs including cork tipped and othcrs. Direct importnrs of tho best material brought directly from Cuba, Spain and the United States. They pro[)ar(> the bcst tobceo cultivatcd in Cauca with sceds imported'from Cuba and Virginia (United States of America) and import likewise mixture of different kinds from Hoyo de iMontercy and Vuelta Abajo, Cuba, and black tobceo from Virginia. Their output is made up of four cla.sses, to wit: El Sol regular style, with mixture of Cauca tobceo anrl C uban seed. El Sol Virginia, with mixture of Cauca tobceo and Virginia seeds. ElSol Argelia, with mixture of Virginia tobacc/j, United States; and El Sol Monterey, with mixture of tobceo from the plantations of the same narae and Vuelta Abajo, Cuba. With agency in all the principal cities of the Departments of A armo, Cauca, Valle, Huila, Tolima, Caldas, Cundinamarca, and the Inten.
.
dencia of Choc. r L J Best of terms for agents willing to undertake the sale of their prod1
uct.
Agents please write. Catalogues and samples requested. Foreign prospective agents please
.
write.
Special discounts on outsido orders. Orders quickiy attended and outside of the Republic. Address: Guzmn D., Hurtado & Co., Cali, Valle, Colombia. Cable: Sol. Code used: Lieber's.
to lu
651
Oficinas
Offices
Business agency and general agency of Juan de Dios
Ogiiastri G.
Agencia de uegocios y comisiones en general de Juan de Dios Ogiiastri G. Fundada en 1909. La ndole de la Agencia y el ensanche dado a sus negocios, la ponen en continuo contacto con una verdadera multitud de personas de toda clase de categoras, recursos y gustos, todo lo cual contribuye al mejoramiento de las condiciones, etc., etc., sobre la consecucin o realizacin de artculos de que se liece cargo la Agencia, ya sean dichos artculos de primera necesidad, de lujo o sport. Si usted desea obtener datos de esta plaza; si cree que sus productos puedan hallar fcil salida, y desea hacerlos conocer; si quiere que sus materiales de propaganda sean convenientemente distribuidos y si necesita ser representado en esta ciudad o en todo el Departamento del Valle del Cauca, dirjase hoy mismo a esta Agencia en donde todas sus rdenes sern debidamente cumplidas. Puede usted dirigir su correspondencia en ingls o en espaol. Ahora mismo dirjase a esta Agencia que nada pierde con ello y puede reportarle un gran beneficio. Cali, Departamento del Valle, Colombia.
Fbricas
Founded
is
in 1909.
This agency
patronized by
dles
well
known throughout
sale
the country
many
and Han-
any
article
in their line.
Best of references.
Satisfaction guaran-
Wide
publicity
guaranteed.
to
owners
if requested.
dance.
Faetones
La Violeta.
especial
Ocupa
_
el
de caf molido, elaborado con cuidado y materias primas de primera clase. primer puesto en la Repblica, con relacin a sus
Fbrica
La Violeta.
of Colombia.
None
similares.
de harina de pltano de elaboracin esmerada, motivo por el cual la recetan eminentes mdicos para nios y convelecientes. La Mazorca. Fbrica de harina de maz. El alimento ideal su elaboracin se ajusta a las prescripciones higini-
El Artn.
Fbrica
El Artn.
quality.
Wheat and banana flour factories. Best Recommended by eminent physicians for chil-
The ideal food in acflour. cordance with hygienic principies and prescriptions of well
physicians.
cas.
known
^^H Hhi
^Sl ^^^
k
'
f^1
-^
}
^HBH^^I- ^^^^v
!> ^H
in Wmm m IH JK^T^
^^r
IJ h ^
fl
tf ^ Kmi
30; ^1
"^Sk^'^
.''
'_
v'^
Hw.
1
/^^^H B,\
g"
^mm^ Wk
'.
ii
^
^a&
^J -fl
^-
1^ii1
Fbrica de caf Coffee Mili
652
GUERRERO &
ClA.
Trilladora Santa
Cali,
Departamento del VaUe del Cauca, Repblica de Colombia. Casa fundada en 1900. Socios: J. Miguel Guerrero, Miembro Principal de la Cmara de Comercio de Cali; Ignacio A. Guerrero, Miembro Suplente de la Cmara de Comercio
de Cali. Comerciantes, Importadores, Exportadores, Ganaderos.
of
Commerce
of Cali.
raisers.
coffee,
Propietarios de: La Trilladora "Santa Rosa": instalacin para trillar caf con fuerza hidrulica y con producido de 10,000 quintales por ao.
Owners of the Santa Rosa threshing milis for hydraulic power with an output of 10,000 quintis per
run by
year.
La hacienda "El Nilo": sita en la Provincia de Cali, Distrito de Jamund, con 1200 fanegadas de terreno de primera calidad, cultivadas de pastos comunes, para, cacaotales, caaduzales y plataneras; cabida para 1500 animales y con abundantes materiales para cercas y construcciones de edificios. Por el oriente la baa el ro Cauca y por el norte el Guaehinte. La hacienda tiene una magnfica casa, estilo moderno con departamentos para famiUa y para alojamiento de los agentes, y dista 3 kilmetros de la Estacin de Guaehinte del Ferrocarril del Sur. Las dehesas, potreros, etc. estn cercadas de alambre de pas y de page. La hacienda de "La Palma": est situada sobre la carretera que une a Cah con el pueblo de La Candelaria, Municipio del mismo nombre de la Provincia de Palmira. Dista la expresada hacienda 15 kms. de Cali y 5 del pueblo de La Candelaria. Su extensin es de 1200 fanegadas de la mejor clase del Valle, cultivadas casi en su totalidad de para y con cabida para 1500 cabezas de ganado de ceba. Est cercada de alambre de pas y page y cuenta con casa capaz y de reEl ro Prraga la limita al norte y el Fraile la ciente construccin. corta por el centro, de oriente a occidente. La Hacienda "El Jagual": con 200 fanegadas de tierra, cultivadas de para, capaces para cebar 200 novillos. Consta adems de casa y guaduales; est baada por una abundante corriente de agua; en todo su permetro est cercada de alambre; y queda a 20 kms. de CaU y a 10 de Palmira, en cuya jurisdiccin est situada.
The large farm El Nilo, in the Province of Cali, District of Jamund, measuring 1200 fanegas of first class ground containing good
grass for cattle raising, sugar-cane plantations and banana plantations, can hold about 1500 head of cattle. Watered on the eastern side by the river Cauca and on the northern side by the Guaehinte. The ranch
has a fine residence, modern style, with ampie accommodations for many It hes about 3 kllometers from the raikoad station of Guapeople. ehinte. The diferent pastures are fenced in with barbed wire.
situated
with the town of La Candelaria, Municipality of the same ame in the Province of Palmira. This farm hes 15 kilometers from Cali and five kilometers from the town of La Candelaria. It measures about 1200 fanegas of the best land of this Department, devoted mainly to the cattle industry. Capacity for 1500 head of cattle. It is In the center is situated a ne also fenced in with barbed wire.
residence of recent construction. It is bounded by the river Prraga, and crossed by the river Fraile from east to west. The Farm El Jagdal, with 200 fanegadas of land and capacity for
200 head of
lies
trees; plenty of
has a fine house and a large number of bamboo water and throughout in very good condition. It about 20 kilometers from Cali and 10 from Palmira.
cattle,
Cali,
Republic of Colombia.
"El
Nilo"
Farm
653
"La
Palma" Farm
1903.
Compra y venta de
letras sobre el
Ex-
Founded
markets.
in
1903.
Buys and
sells
drafts
on foreign
Drafts
Prstamos y descuentos.
Cobro de
letras
por cuenta
Money
loaned.
Obligations discounted.
de casas extranjeras.
COEHESPONSALES
National City
CORRESPONDENTS
.
.
Bank
.
New York
London
National City
Bank
.
.
New York
.London
Paris
Banque Transatlantique
Banco Hispano-Americano
..Pars
.
Banque Transatlantique
Banco Hispano-Americano
.Madrid
.
Madrid
........ Panam
Panam
Bogot
Medelln
Barranquilla
Bogot
Medelln
.
. .
& Co
.
& Co
Barranquilla
Sur
Pasto
Sur
Pasto
654
Direccin por cable: "Pavella." Cdigo: Lieber's. Casa fundada en 1913. Negocios de Banca y Comisin. Compra y venta de giros sobre el Exterior, valores (acciones, vales &), frutos y mercancas. Cobro de giros del interior y del exterior. Giro y venta de letras sobre el exterior. Rephesentacioxes de casas extranjeras. Tenemos la representacin para el Valle del Cauca de las siguientes casas: Antioquia Commercial Corporation, 44 Whitehall St., Nueva York; Jaffe & Sons, Manchester; Heymann & Alexander, Nottingham; Kunzli Frres, Zurich (Suiza) y Barcelona, Calle Elizabet 5; Landau Fils, Burdeos; Les Fus Bardinet, Burdeos; Companhia Vinicola, Oporto; New Castle Leather Company, Nueva York; Jimnez
y Lamothe, Mlaga. Representamos las siguientes casas del pas: Escobar Londoo & Co. CFundicin La Estrella), Medelln; Fbrica de Tejidos Hernndez, Medelln; Len de Oro (Sociedad Colombiana de productos Qumicos), Medelln; Representantes de
la
Cable: "P.wella." Lieber's Code. House founded in 1913. Bank and Commission Agency. Bills of exchange bought and sold on foreign houses. Shares, bonds, promissory notes, fruits and merchandjse. CoUection of money at home and abroad. Sale of bilis of exchange on foreign houses. Representation of foreign houses. We have the representation in El Valle del Cauca of: Antioquia Commercial Corporation, 44 Whitehall St., New York; Jaffe and Sons, Manchester; Heyman and Alexander, Nottingham; Kunzli Frres, Zurich, Swltzerland, and Barcelona, Calle Elizabet 5; Landau Fils, Bordeaux; Fils Bardinet. Bordeaux; Companhia Vinicola, Oporto; New Castle Leather Co., New York; Jimnez and Lamothe. Mlaga. We represent the following houses of the country: Escobar Londoo and Co. (Estrella Foundry), Medelln; Factory of Textiles, Medelln; Len de Oro (Colombian Society of Chemical Products), Medelln; The General Insurance Co.,
Compaa General de Seguros de Bogot. Banqueros en Nueva York: Camacho Roldan & Van
Bogot.
Sickel.
Bankers in
New
York:
Sekcl.
ClA,
LA MARA
Trill.\dor-4. con Maquinaria moderna, edificios propios con grandes bodegas y un een^icio completo y esmerado de carros para recibir y entregar la carga a voluntad del cliente. Se beneficia el caf conforme a los ltimos adelantos en este ramo. Esta Empresa est situada a una cuadra de la Estacin del Ferrocarril del Pacifico en esta ciudad. Cali, Colombia. Telegramas: Tobn & Ca.
its own buildings with large storerooms careful ser\'ice of carts to receive and deliver the cargo accordThe ing to the wish of the custonier. Coffee is prepared by the latest muthods. building is situatcd a hundred yards from the Pacific Railway Station d this city.
Cali, Colombia.
Telegrams:
655
APOLINAR GUZMN
Cirujano Dentista
Consultorio: Calle 12
D.
SURGEON DenTIST
124.
Office:
Depsito Dental Americano. Establecido desde 1911. Grau surtido de toda clase de materiales e instrumentos, de las marcas ms acreditadas de los Estados Unidos e
Inglaterra.
Dental Deposit.
Large stock
fession.
in every material
Supplies
imported
directly
States
and England.
Acepta las comisiones que se le confen en el ramo y puede constituirse Agente de las casas dentales que soliciten sus servicios en el Coiro de Letras de Cambio, venta de Atiende todos los pedidos artculos, maquinaria, etc., etc.
que se le hagan de dentro y fuera del pas, sin prdida de tiempo y a condiciones especialmente ventajosas para sus Cuenta con la colaboracin de las acreditadas clientes. casas The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co., The Dentists' Supply Compauy y Consolidated Dental Mfg. Co.
de los Estados Unidos.
Cable:
Cali
Buy and
etc.
sell
drafts.
Sale of artieles,
small machinery,
speeial
The
Aguzmn.
Colombia
656
The founder
of 21 years.
of this enterprise,
en donde
se
destino lo llev al
como Ingeniera en
Brasil.
Jefe de la
Manaos Harbor
Manaos,
El deseo de establecerse independientemente lo indujo a estudiar con cuidado las Repblicas sudamericanas, con el fin de escoger,
si
After one year in England and three in the United States fortune beckoned him to the Brazilian Ainazon, where he spent some eight years, the last two of which, as Chief Engineer with the Manaos Harbor Limited, of Manaos, Brazil.
The
posible fuere, el
campo que
looks
the
to
South
selcct,
American
if
Republics,
which should
Despus de unas vacaciones, empleadas en viajar por la Repblica de Colombia, qued convencido de las ventajas que brinda el VaDe del Cauca para su futura expansin econmica y su desarrollo.
dividual efforts.
After a vacation
in
spent in travel
of
the
RepubUc
La gran
destruy
la
creciente
del
Dagua
Colombia he became convinced of the o])portunities the Cauca Valley in future economic expansin and development. The great washout of the
Pacfico
railroad
destroying the
en en de
"Boquern" o paso rama occidental de la cadena los Andes y lo detuvo en su camino al Cauca, obligndolo a perel sitio del
la
manecer un ao en Buenaventura.
Lleno de congoja y desesperacin, con las fiebres contradas en Buenaventura, lleg a Cali, hace dos aos y n.edio, y despus de ocho meses, en los cuales recuper su saljd, fund la actual fbrica, por ahora con treinta personas; ya el ssor Dishington est en va de reponerse de su desesperacin y cada da es mayor su admiracin por el hermoso Valle del Cauca.
the occidental chain of the Andes, stopped him on his way to the Cauca, and compelled a stay in Buenaventura of upwards of one year. Buenaventura fever Filled with the gloom of despair and with he arrived in Cali some two years and a half ago, and after 8 months of recuperation from the fever, the mili was started in June, 1915. The mili employs at present about 30 persons, and Mr. Dishington and each day finds is well on his way to recovering from his despair him a more confident admirer of the beautiful Cauca Valley.
defile of
AlARCO
Casa establecida en el ao de 1915, ocupa uno de los centros ms comerciales de la ciudad, entre los Bancos de los Seores Giraldo & Gares B., Pedro Plata y Banco Comercial. El surtido de mercancas es el ms completo de la plaza, renovado
constantemente de Estados Unidos y Europa. Cuenta con un departamento especial de artculos de lujo y novedad para seoras y nias. Especialista en artculos para caballeros; es el almacn de modas de la locaUdad y su clientela es la ms selecta y honorable. El nombre de la casa es la mejor garanta de un artculo. Goza de gran crdito dentro y fuera del pas, por su honorabilidad y
honradez. Es la casa de comercio que ms visible desarrollo ha tenido en estos ltimos aos. Los vastos conocimientos comerciales de su propietario y los elementos con que cuenta, la pondrn en primera lnea en breve tiempo. Apartado N." 111. Direccin telegrfica: "Malvarez." Cdigo: Samper 3a Edicin. Cali, Colombia.
A.
ALVAREZ
ThLs house, which was established in 1915,
ter of the city, nsar the
is
&
Garcs, Pedro
The stock
of
merchandise
in the city.
is
The The
is
store has a
store
is
the
most fashionable
antee of
its
The ame
of the firm
goods.
Its
The
great
development
the republic.
3d. edition.
it
P.O. Box
657
RODRGUEZ HERMANOS
iHli lai.iiipl""
Hacienda
Farm
House
Almacn
Shop
en
Casa establecida en Cali desde 1903. Se acredit por su honorabilidad y correccin Introduce mercaderas europeas y ameriel cumplimiento de sus compromisos. Especialidad en canas, principalmente artculos para caballeros, seoras y nios. calzado, paos, telas de fantasa y artculos para novia. Tambin se ocupa en compra
specialty.
Incorporated Company, established in Cali in 1903. Large stores, dry goods a Patronized by first class people. Reasonable prices and satisfaction guaranteed in every way. Direct importation of goods for gentlemen, ladies and children. Business growing every day. Here is where you get the best goods, the best
y venta de ganados, y desde 1911 adquiri un magnfico lote de dos mil fanegadas de terrenos de primera calidad, entre las ciudades de Cali y Palmita, cerca de la lnea frrea en las proximidades de la estacin del Guanabanal. Son inmejorables para pastos, caa de azcar, tabaco y frutales. Sobre lote judicialmente dividido del antiguo proindiviso de la "Herradura" est fundada la actual hacienda del mismo nombre,
propiedad de Rodrguez Hermanos, que cuenta ya con nueva casa de habitacin higinica, labranzas, cercados de alambre y mil fanegadas de pastales bien cultivados y cubiertos con ganados de ceba, de cra y de levante; que dan mil fanegadas de bosque en prospecto para operaciones de aliento en la nueva orientacin de negocios del pas. Son propietarios de la firma el doctor Manuel Mara Rodrguez, miembro de las Cmaras Legislativas, y don Elezaro Rodrguez, miembro de la sociedad de Agricultores del Valle del Cauca. Cali, Colombia.
Have shoes and the very best fancy articles. Large sale of cattle from fine ranches. owned since 1911 a fine farm of two thousand fanegadas for the raising of cattle, having plenty of water and fitted out ^th all modern improvements, not far from the cities of Cali and Palmira and near the railroad Une of the Station of Guanabanal. Itslands, examined by experts, have no equal for the raising of sugar cae, tobceo and fruit trees. Rodrguez Hermanos have founded and established this farm on the land formerly known as "Herradura." This farm is fitted out with a fine residence and many up-to-date improvements. Large number of cattle. Large forests which may
be likewise converted into pasture grounds.
Partners: Dr. Manuel Mara Rodrguez, Member of the Legislative Chamber, and Elezaro Rodrguez, member of the society of Agriculturists of El Valle del Cauca.
Cali, Coloviba.
TOBON &
Sucesores de Oktiz
Casa principal en
Cali,
CIA.
&
Ca.
SUCCESSORS OF Oetiz
&
Co.
Im-
Headquarters in Cali. Agency in Tulu. Importers and exporters. Large stock renewed constantly. Home goods and imported goods.
|
y extranjeras Compras permanentes de Caf, Cacao, Pieles y Tabaco. Compra y venta de giros sobre el Exterior. Telegramas: Tobn & Ca.
pas
Cali, Colombia
Permanent buyers of coffee, cocoa, hides and tobceo. SeU draft on foreign markets. By wire: Tobn & Co. Cali, Colombia
658
MARCELIANO CALERO
Cali,
Carrera 5, primera calle del Comercio, N." 126, 128, 130. Direccin eablegrfioa: "Marcalebo." Cdigos: Lieber's y Samper. Apartado de correos N. 8.
S.
mera caUe
mercio,
128, 130.
del
Co126,
Nos.
Espaa, Japn y
Especialidades: artculos para caballeros, seoras y nios, novedades, artculos de moda; para regalos, de plata, electroplata, joyera, cristalera, muebles, adornos, sedera, artculos de fantasa y de buen
gusto, mercancas en general. Agencias, consignaciones, comisiones.
P. O. B. No. 8.
House founded
1903.
in
Direct
tion from
Spain,
iraporta-
France,
England, Italy,
Japan and United States of America.
the
Specialties
men's
dies'
goods;
la-
and
ohildren's
novelties;
fashion
beautiful
all
goods;
casions;
presents for
oc-
--
eleotro-
plated goods, jewelry, glassware, furniture, silk goods, fancy articles and general goods.
Agencies.
Commission Agents.
Branch
stores in Cali
and Buga.
ARCESIO JORDN
Sucesor de Prez
Casa fundada
el
&
Ca.
SUCCBSSOR TO PREZ
&
Co.
ao de 1906. Importacin directa de mercaderas extranjeras. Surtido permanente de artculos y renovado constantemente. Por telgrafo: Ajordn. Correo: Apartado N. .50. Cali (Colombia), Departamento del Valle. CaUe 12 N. 69. Clave: A. B. C. 5." edicin.
House founded
in 1906.
Direct importation of foreign goods. Permanent stock of fine articles constantly renewed. By wire: Ajordan. By maU: P. O. B. 50. Calle 12 No. 69, Cali, Colombia, Department of El Valle. Code used: A. B. C. 5th edition.
659
VaUey
a large
natural
a view of which
is
here repro-
duced.
The water fiUing this tank flows over a rocky bed and has cerwhich are recommended
for
rheumatic pains,
and bee
selection
culture.
Its
a specialist in the
and breeding
sample of which
is
herewith shown.
He
is
in partnership with
Mr. Salcedo, a
rich cattle
Cali, Colombia.
Cali (Colombia).
delicioso, con ms de doscientas hectreas de de pasto Micay en la cordillera; es notable para terreno, entre ellas ciento cebar y por la rica propiedad nutritiva y buen gusto que adquiere la leche que producen las vacas que pastan en l. A cincuenta metros de
la casa est la
renombrada piscina
que
natiu-al,
una compacta roca de granito grafa est a y cuyas aguas ferruginosas son de reconocida fama contra los dolores reumticos, paludismo y novedades intestinales. Su renta la constituye Su propietario, el seor don el ganado vacuno, caballar y un colmenar.
la vista,
se deshza sobre
de cuya especie exliibe un ejemplar. Es adems en sociedad con el seor Salcedo, rico y prctico ganadero, el niaj'Or productor de leche en CaU.
B.
LPEZ & CA
Established since 1880.
By
wire:
Blopez.
ed., Lieber's,
Samper.
Exporters of
Owners
Las Cruces,
Cali,
and owners of
&
New
del
Cauca, Colombia.
Establecidos en 1880
Representaciones,
*--.^
'
Exportan:
caf, cueros,
oro en polvo,
etc.
Dueos de
las magnficas
Cali,
Gastn, WiUiams
Citizens
New
York.
^'^%
660
Cali t Buenaventura,
VaUe
del
Cauca, Colombia.
JUAN SANTANDER
Comerciante
Cali,
Merchant
Cali,
Departamento
Department
rrespondencia.
de agencias y representaciones.
samples requested.
MANUEL CIFUENTES
R.
Specialties:
shoes,
ready-made
m&ssm^sssfss^^
Especialidades:
batas, sombreros
Da
buenas referencias y
y honorables.
Cali, Valle, Colombia.
661
ALMACN PARlS
Casa fundada en 1911.
Se
al
ALMACN PARlS
House founded
in 1911.
dedica
exclusivamente
ramo de mercancas y
a
artculos
Specialty in men's
especialmente
para hombres.
Direct importation.
port national articles.
Ex-
pas.
Wholesale and
retail.
CALI
Colombia
CALI
Colombia
ALFONSO VALLEJO
Agencia de automviles Reo y toda clase de accesorios para los mismos.
Tejar con maquinaria moderna para
drillos
G.
for automobiles
Agency
Kilns,
and supplies
plant.
for same.
modern manufacturing
milis,
la fabricacin
de
la-
Large lumber
elctrica
for
para
construction purposes.
aparejarlos.
Telephone No.
Cdigos: A. B. C.
22.
Cable: Alvellejo.
Cable:
"Alvallejo."
Lieber's.
Cali, Colombia.
Cali, Colombia.
662
Comerciantes Importadores
Cali,
Departamento
del Valle
Department of El Valle
nios.
Modas y novedades en
Solicitan Agencias.
general.
Cacharros.
Referencias a satisfaccin.
men's articles, also ladies' and children's. Fashions and novelties of every kind. Agencies wanted. Good references furnished on request.
Specialists in
B.'S
PHARMACY
Importacin directa de
ditadas
las casas
ms
acre-
France,
de Francia,
Inglaterra,
Espaa
Estados Unidos.
Surtido
completo y cons-
tantemente renovado.
of
for
the black A. S.
pills,
the best
Venta de
las pildoras
negras A.
el
S., el
remedio
la
rcmedy
diseases.
malaria and
all
othcr tropical
ms
eficaz
para combatir
paludismo y
N."''
190 a 192.
663
mento
Department
of
of Colombia.
ms antiguas (fimdada por los esms grandes y de las de ms f;ima en este Departamento; indudablemente, es la ms feraz y mejor situada de las regiones colombianas. Su clima, calidad de
l^na de las haciendas
paoles), de las
tierras,
One
of the oldest
Department.
Large
de bosques, clase de praderas, de elementos naturales de etc., etc. permiten dar en ella un desarrollo gilas industrias pecuarias, azucairera, de caf, de
cacao, de tabaco, de arroz
promoters
Large
for
raisers
and
is
which there
y de todos
cuenta
Hoy
por
hoy
ms
apreciada en
el
pas,
may
con potreros de pastos artificiales, ya de alguna significacin, lo que facilita hacer en escala muy considerable la cra y levante de ganados; con los cafetales ms grandes que hasta hoy existen en todo el Departamento, y con la indusde caas, en proporciones, relativamente, de bastante magnitud. En materia de edificios, maquinarias y toda
tria
of the
whole Department.
comfortable
houses.
and
Everj-thing
class
and
The
Pacific Rail-
way,
todo
lo necesario
y en magnfico
El Ferrocarril del
Address correspondence to
Pacfico,
Restrepo
Hermanos,
Cali,
\'alle,
Repblica
de
Colombia.
HORMAZA HERMANOS
Jess
M. Hormaza
C.
Caro, Nicols
Hormaza
Established in 1902.
Popayn.
de garza).
Managers
Makes:
of a fine cigarette
Cali, Colombia.
Establecidos en 1902.
Sucursal en Popayn.
en polvo y plumas de garza.
Empresarios de una bien montada flirica de cigarrillos, cuyos productos han alcanzado gran consumo por su insuperable cahdad. Marcas: "Ideales," "Turistas," "Atahu.\lpa."
Cali, Colombia.
664
LIBKO AZUL
)K
&
stone
Commercial house importer and exporter. All kind.s of European and American goods. Exportation of coffce, hides and gold dust. Drafts on foreign markets. Agent for several manufacturing plants of the United States, such as Rudolph Wurlitzer & Co., the Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., the Col Motor Car Co., etc., etc. ConOwner of the farm Hato Viejo. Cattle raising. nected with the principal towns of El Valle by wagn roads and boats on the rivcr Cauca. Fine lands for agriculture; a grcat variety of climatcs.
Casa
ViE.10.
propie-
taria de la
Ha-
cienda de
cipal
Hato
8u prin-
del
por medio
de carreteras y por navegacin Cauca. (le! ro Tiene tierras muy propias para la agricultura.
665
LIBTO
HIJO
Almacn de Artculos de Lujo.
DE JUAN
C.
TORO &
ClA.
Siempre el mejor surtido de telas de seda, cintas, adornos, mantillas de jersey, paolones de seda, mantos, encajes, bordados, etc. Son nicos vendedores de los siguientes artculos: Los afamados paos para flux marca "Len & Campana"; del calzado para seoras de la acreditada marca "Queen Quality"; de los cigarrillos "Melachrinos," y el Zarkol, reconocido como el mejor preventivo contra las enfermedades en los ganados. Agentes exclusivos para El Valle, Cauca y Nario, de las conocidas vacunas del Laboratorio Pasteur de Pars. Cali, Colombia.
Large store. Dealers in fancy articles. The very best assortment in sUk goods, ribbons, lacing, mantillas, embroidery, etc., etc. The sol agents for the foUowing articles: woolen goods of the
well
& Campana;
nos
Sol agents in El Valle, Cauca and Nario for the world-famojs Vacoination serum prepared at the Pasteur Laboratory in Paris.
Cali, Colombia.,
Comerciantes
General Merchants
Importadores
Importers
Casa principal
Main House
IN
EN Medelln
Medelln
LUIS
E.
TORO &
CO.
Direccin
cablegrfica:
En59.
Telegrams: "Enritoro."
P.
ritoro.
Cdigos:
Apartado
A. B. C.
N.
O.
Box No.
59.
y Lieber's
Codes: A. B.
C; Lieber's
5th ed.
5 a edicin.
Cali,
Colombia
Cali, Colombia
Make
en
a specialty of
home-
Driles.
Agents and
Aceptan
agencias
y consigna-
consignees of merchandise.
Buy
ciones de mercancas.
Compran
on commission producs
country.
of the
tjt)6
MIGUEL CALERO
Negocios Generales de Comercio
Casa fundada en 1896
directa
Esiablished in 1S96
General
S.
Business
ambos
Direct importation of European and American goods. Its motto, is "Great seUing and small profits," has given to this firm actual and well deserved success.
which
Importers of fancy goods, dry goods, cloths, ready-made suits, hats, silks, ladies' articles, ribbons and laces. Hardware, canned meats, wines and spirits, pig iron, tubes, keys, oil, kerosene, gasohne, wire,
Specialty in the famous apparatus against ants, Prtland cement, disinfecting powders and many other articles of the
baths, etc., etc.
same
kind.
Telas
de
fantasa,
telas
Exports gold and hides. Banking references. Address, Calle del Comercio. Postal Box, 32. Tel. 40. Wire address: Micalero. Codes,
A. B. C. fifth and Lieber's.
Cali, Colombia.
adornos,
sedera,
artculos
pade La
Reina, ferretera en general. excusados inodoros, tubos para acueducto, Aparatos para picar caa, forjas manuales, llaves, codos, etc., etc. hierro liso y corrugado para techos, aceites diversos, catres para viajes, banaderas comodsimas (en diversos tamaos), poleas y cabo, alambre bejuco, de pa, templadores, hierro para herraduras, catres
En
existencia:
estufas,
etc., etc.
Los sin rival aparatos para destruir hormigas (con testimonios), venenos para stos, polvos para desinfeccin de eiificios, cemento Prtland, desinfectante "Pasteur" contra el carbunclo, y muchsimas
otras especiaUdades.
Referencias bancarias. Calle y la Calle 10. Apartado de Correos: 32. Telfono 40. Cable: "Micalero." Cdigos: Lieber's y A. B. C. 5a edicin. Cali, Colombia.
res.
RODOLFO DE ROUX
Importer.
of Cali.
in the city
barbed
thing
It
enameled
articles,
Every-
first
quality.
is
Cali.
Mr. Roux
American
firm.s.
Cali, Colombia.
En
l se
Es uno de
los
la
Roux
americanas.
Cali, Colombia.
667
lii^j^^^ vfiti
billiard-
Low
Uno de
Ciudad
los Establecimien-
tos MS Concurridos de la
"EL
MAR
ROJO"
C.
Guillermo Rodrguez
Propietario
C.
ALFONSO MENOTTI
Importadores de drogas, productos qumicos, farmacuticos y quirrgicos de Francia, Inglaterra, Espaa, Italia y Estados Unidos. Exportadores de frutos del pas.
Comisiones,
Agencia,
Representacin.
Distribucin
Italy, etc.
de
Commission Agents.
cable:
"Drogas."
Cali, Colombia.
Wire address:
"Drogas."
RAMREZ &
ClA.
RAMREZ &
CO.
WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS
Apartado No. 77
Cali, Colombia.
mr.
PosT Office:
Bo.x 77
Cali, Colombia.
668
saddlery.
Jobbing of any kind in the Une of shoe repairing and Fine stock of shoes of every description for ladies, gentlemen and children.
This up-to-date shop has been awarded several medals for its excellent products at expositions held in Medelln and CaU (1906 and 1910). Only firstclass
que ha sido premiado en las Exposiciones Industriales de Medelln y Cali (1906 y 1910), slo emplea materiales de primera y se gua siempre por los catlogos ms recientes de las modas europeas y ameriEste
canas.
ness throughout.
Prices out of competition.
Cali on us!
Los precios no admiten competencia. Vistele usted. Calle 13 No. 61 A. (Frente a la Tipografa Nueva). Especialidad en maletas de cuero para viaje. Trabajo
garantizado.
Cali,
CaUe 13 No. 61 A.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Specialty in suitcases.
Cali, Colombia
Cali, Colombia
VCTOR M. CARDONA
Comerciante
B.
VCTOR M. CARDONA
Merchant
B.
Importacin directa.
Direct importation.
Calle 12
73,
y Carrera
Cali,
7 Nos. 71 a
26, respectivamente.
and
Valle
Cali,
Valle
LUIS
Propietario de
la
F,
ESCARRIA
de
cigarrillos
LUIS
"El Pro-
F.
ESCARRIA
estab-
fbrica
Owner
hshed in 1908.
This factory enjoys a great credit in the country
Esta Fbrica es una de las que gozan dems crdito el Departamento, por el esmero en la elaboracin de sus productos y seleccin de los materiales que emplea. El precio de sus cigarros no admite competencia.
en
Solictense de la fbrica los datos
its
products and to
its
raw
materials.
Situada en Puente.
el
amplio local de
la Calle 12
The
its
and
products.
Calle 12
Avenida del
Puente.
Saln de variedades.
Cali,
Cali,
LA MISCELNEA
Ismael Hormaza
Cali,
S.
LA MISCELNEA
Importer of every kind of American and
Cauca, Colombia
mercancas norteamericanas, esclase de
art-
Importador de toda
inglesas,
European goods.
articles for ladies
Specialties, fashionable
francesas,
and gentlemen.
coTee,
Exporter of hides,
gold dust.
cocoa and
Exportador de cacao, cueros, caf, crin, oro en polvo, etc. Agente de casas extranjeras, entre otras
de pianos, pianolas, drogas, especficos, camas de hierro y latn, etc. Direccin telegrfica: "Hormaza."
Representative
pianos, drugs
of
foreign
firms
for
Apartado No.
49.
Telfono No.
8.
Box No.
49.
Telephcne No.
8.
669
J.
F.
WOLFF
directa
J.
F.
WOLFF
Importacin
rretera
de Fe-
Quincallera.
Cdigos:
A. B. C. 4a edicin
By wire:LOBO.
Codes: A. B. C. 4th edition,
Lieber's.
LOBO.
and
Lieber's.
Cali, Colombia.
DOCTOR JOAQUN
Abogado
A.
COLLAZOS
Lawyer
Graduated at the National University of Bogot.
ticas
De
la
Prac-
law in
Cali,
Department
of
Republic of Colombia.
Yac.
Cdigo: A. B. C. 5a edicin.
By
cable:
fifth edition.
Apartado No.
29.
P. O. B.
No.
Carrera
6^ No.
81.
LUIS PREZ
Cirujano Dentista
Horas de consulta:
Dental Segeon
11 a.m.
C.
y de
De 8 a 11 a.m. a 5 p.m.
El presente grabado representa una parte del elegante saln de cKnicas del gabinete dental de D. Luis Prez C, el cual est situado en una de las calles ms centrales de la ciudad de Cali. Este gabinete, uno de los ms acreditados de dicha ciudad, est equipado de acuerdo con las exigencias de la odontologa moderna y la clientela que a l concurre es numerosa y selecta.
Cali, Colombia.
office is well
is
known
in the city,
all
fitted
out with
modern
Modrate
prices.
Satisfaction
guaranteed.
Cali, Colombia.
ARTURO CARDONA
Comerciante
Comisionista
Cali, Department of
El Valle.
670
FEDERICO
G.
FEDERICO
G.
BURCKHARDT
Cali, Colombia.
BURCKHARDT
Cali, Colombia.
Importacin directa
de materiales fotogrficos,
graffonos y discos,
Direct importation
of photographic supplies.
Graphophones,
dises,
perfimiery, jewelry
and
perfumera, joyera y
artculos para
regalos.
fancy articles
suitable for presents.
HORACIO RAMREZ
COMEECIANTE
Mercancas importadas directamente de Estados Unidos y Europa. Surtido permanente y variado de
abarrotes,
licores,
HORACIO RAMREZ
Merchant
Goods directly imported from the United States and Europe.
Permanent stock of liquors, crockery and glass goods. Quahty guaranteed
as the very best. Speciahzes in California wines and Spanish wines in casks or bottles. seU Cobino Vermouth
loza
cristalera.
Garantiza la calidad de sus importaciones y con especialidad las de vinos de California y espaoles dulces, tintos y blancos, en barriles y en cajas, vino
We
Vermouth marca "Corino" y "Gnela," cognac, "Hennessy," "Martell," "Tres Estrellas"; Ans del Len; confitera
franceses, tintos
and Gancia, Hennessy, Martell, and Three Star brandy Len aniseed; French wines. candy, great variety. Sol importer of the famous wheat
;
flour Canal.
Fixed prices.
portador de la afamada harina de trigo marca "Canal." Precios fijos y moDireccin derados. Cali (Colombia).
telegrfica:
and ISO.
Cali, Colombia
Hobacio.
Apartado
78.
CaUe
12,
By
wire:
Horacio.
P. O. No. 78.
Magaa
y de
la
Universidad de Pensilvania.
Se habla ingls.
English spoken.
Consultas:
8 a 11 a.
m. y
a 5p. m.
1
86 12th Street.
to 5 p.
From
a.
Telgrafo: "Tomagata."
Cali (Colombia).
m.
Wire:
Tom cana.
Cali, Colombia
671
in Palmira, Departin
ment
all its
of
El Valle.
con
el
comercio.
muestras y referencias.
forms.
Solicit catalogues
The
best of
references.
Desire
Cdigos:
exportacin.
C,
Lieber's,
Samper.
Importacin y
Codes used: A. B. C,
Lieber's,.
Samper.
Luis Tobn A.
Agencias y representaciones extranjeras. Luitobon. Cdigos: Lieber's y A. B. C. Aj)artado No. 59, Cali (Colombia).
Telegraiiiiis:
ri
ciliein.
Telegrams: Luitobon. foreign representations. Lieber 's and A. B. C. 5th edition. P. O. B. No. 59. Cali, Colombia.
Agencies Codes used
and
Bernardo Gonzlez G.
Comerciante.
bia.
Cali,
Departamento
licores,
Importador
de
del Valle, Repblica de Colomvinos, ferretera, librera, papelera, de electro-plata, pinturas preparadas,
llcrcliant.
Importer
of
articles, oils,
Cali, Department of El Valle, Republie of Colombia. wines, liquors, hardware, books, stationery, painting varnishes and drugs.
672
BUGA
Ciudad situada a 1000 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Tiene 15,000 habitantes y una temperatura media de 25 C. Cuenta con doce escuelas pblicas a las cuales concurren
cerca de 3000 alumnos.
city situated
En
la actualidad consta de
300
at present
(calles),
El servicio de stas es quiz el mejor de la Abastece la ciudad de agua limpia un acueducto cuyo tanque de distribucin, dividido en dos compartimientos, tiene 36 metros de dimetro por 4 de profundidad. La tubera es de hierro galvanizado y el agua va a las casas por tubos de %, y ^/4 de pulgada. La
repblica.
Aguas.
Puente sobre
el
Guadalajara
Para
el
abovedadas alcantarillas de cal y ladrillo. Alumbrado Elctrico. Se hace con una planta moderna de corriente alternativa de 110 voltios. En las calles principales est colocada una lmpara de 32 bujas cada cuarenta metros.
is
Hospital.
La
ste es de ladrillo y construccin moderna. disposicin de los salones laterales es igual a la del
la parte central
semejante
a la del San Luis de Turn. Tiene el edificio noventa metros de frente y ciento cincuenta de fondo. Consta de ocho salones paralelos, cuatro de cada lado, los cuales tienen en
and the central part is similar to that The building has a of the St. Louis hospital of Turin. front of 90 meters and a depth of 150. It consists of eight rooms, four on eaeh side, each row having at the end a room Between the rows there are ampie for dying persons. corridors, leading to the four passages that start from the
ends of the central part. Adjoining the hospital is the orphan asylum. The main building has twelve court yards,
four on each side, two in the center, and two at the ends, is surrounded by a stone wall, except in front, where The floors of the wards are eethere is an iron railing.
unidos entre
extremo exterior dos piezas para agonizantes, y van s en el extremo interior y por amplios corredores que a su turno se conectan con los cuatro tramos que parten de las extremidades de la porcin central. Anexo al
el
and
El
edificio tiene
doce patios,
de
cuatro en cada costado, dos centrales y dos en los extremos, y est rodeado por un muro que en el frente
ellos
Public College.
stories,
is
El pavimento de los termina en una verja de hierro. del edificio no deja ventilacin la cementado salones es y
que desear. Colegio Pblico.
made
of brick
which has two and cloistered. It measures 48 west and 57 from soutli to north.
The
college building,
El
que
es de dos
tlie
This building has three stories in telegraph office the rest has two.
;
673
de ladrillo
It
48 metros, y de sur a norte 57. Palacio Municipal. Este edificio es de tres pisos en
partment.
In
Market Place.
from south
It
is
and 44 from east to west). It is enclosed on all sides, and in its interior there are two galleries running from east to west and two running from south to north, besides the corridors that surround the
to north,
building.
It
the street.
It is
made
of brick.
Slaughter IIouse.
and enclosed by brick walls. In the center there is a building where the cattie are slaughtered and the boof
dressed.
The
the Cabal
the
La
Victoria
monument
:
and the Belalczar park, in the Lourdes The grovs are Pueumayor, whieh is opposite the hospital and named after the founder of Buga, with au
Sanjuanito vietors
;
plazuela.
Casa de Gobierno
la
Government house
el resto es do dos sola;Tiene de sur a norte 47 metros, y de oriente a occidente 57, excluyendo la porcin que pertenece al de-
mente.
partamento. En este edificio se hallan todas las oficinas municipales, departamentales y nacionales.
PluVza de Mercado. Es poco espaciosa (49 metros de sur a norte y 44 de oriente a poniente) est cerrada por todos lados, y en su iuterior hay dos galeras en direccin orienteponiente y otras dos en direccin sur-norte que se cruzan
;
con aqullas, y adems los corredores que rodean el edificio. Tiene sendas entradas en los dos costados que dan a la
calle.
La
fbrica es de ladrillo.
lote de tierra del matadero pblico, que extremo norte de la ciudad, es bien amplio y est cerrado por muros de ladrillo. En el centro se halla el edificio dentro del cual se beneficia el ganado.
Matadero.
El
el
est situado
en
Parques y Bosques. La ciudad tiene tres parques: el de Cabal en la antigua Plaza de la Constitucin el de La
;
el
monumento
erigido en
Iglesia principal
Main church
tlie
hooer de los vencedores en Sanjuanito, y el de Belalczar en la plazuela de Lourdes. Los bosques son dos: el de Fuenmayor, situado frente al hospital y denominado as en
bauks of
tlie river.
Churches.
674
The
O'
COLOMBIA
Guadalajara, a orillas
them are of ancient eonstruction, and liave no architectural merit. There is a modern ehurcb, called Jess
six of
Milagroso, wbich
is
Templos. La ciudad tiene cinco templos y dos capillas: seis de construccin antigua, sin mrito arquitectnico, y uno moderno, el de Jess Milagroso, que es de los mejores
de Colombia.
Cemeteries.
one
civil.
Tliere are
Cementerios.
catlico
the
y Paseos y sitios pintorescos. Fuera de los parques Cabal y La Victoria el lugar ms frecuentado de los pasean-
otro
a fine view; from there one can see the valley as far as
boundaries, and a considerable part of the Western
its
Puente sobre
tes es el
el
Pajarito
River
hermoso puente sobre el Guadalapara, donde se goza de un bello panorama, pues desde all se divisa el Valle hasta su confn del sur y gran parte de la Cordillera Occidental. A distancia hay tantos y tan variados paisajes, que sera largo enumerarlos. Vehculos de ruedas. El nmero de vehculos con que cuenta la ciudad es: 1 2automviles 18 coches y 5 carros, sin incluir los que llegan de las poblaciones vecinas. Industrias. La industria pecuaria es a la que con
;
Cordillera. There are in the distance so many and so varied laudscapes, that it would take too long to enumrate
them.
Vehicles.
towns.
The
and
Industries.
in
in-
cattle raising.
There are
especialidad se dedican las personas acaudaladas; algunas poseen ingenios con grandes plantaciones de caa, y otras, extensas arboledas decacao mas por lo general la industria
;
some sugar milis with large cae plantations, and there are
also large tobceo plantations.
As
agrcola slo da lo necesario para el consumo local con excepcin del ganado, el cacao y algo de caf, que s se exportan. Hay en la ciudad suficientes talleres para la fabricacin de objetos, como muebles, calzado, joyas, vestidos, etc., que se consumen en la localidad, pero no existen fbricas
of such objects as furniture, sboes, jewelry, wearing apparel, etc., that are
propiamente dichas.
675
DOCTOR
En
el
LUIS FELIPE
Among
of
CAMPO
almacigo de colombianos notables se encuentra entre los primeros el doctor Luis Felipe Campo. Este ilustre ciudadano, que en Roma hubiera sido senador y es en el templo de la probidad patria una reliquia, naci en un hogar de patricios y a inmediaciones de la ciudad de Buga, en el ao de 1858. Inici su carrera de estudiante en este ciudad y algn tiempo despus se traslad a la capital de la Repblica, en donde se dedic al estudio de las Ciencias Polticas, hasta obtener brillantemente el ttulo de doctor, mucho ms honroso por haberle sido conferido en el colegio que dirigi el eminente colombiano doctor Jos Vicente Concha, padre del actual Presidente de la Nacin. Restituido a su ciudad natal, ejerci diante algn tiempo Nombrado y con indiscutible buen .xito la profesin de abogado. ms tarde Magistrado del Tribunal Superior del Distrito Judicial del Cauca, ocup tan alto puesto con el beneplcito de todcs. Aqu el hombre de vestidura blanca, austero, desapasionado, grave en su serenidad justiciera, marc de una vez la senda decorosa que haban de seguir sus pasos, extraos al trajn maculado de nuestro caldeado ambiente poltico. Fu entonces digno objeto del incidente ms honroso que registrar puedan las estadsticas de nuestras administraciones de justicia. Tratbase de uno de esos asuntes delicados, abstrusos las ms de las veces, que van a buscar solucin en el recinto de Dictado por el doctor Campo el la ley. fallo apelable, el Secretario de la Corporacin notific ste a la parte perjudicada, y sta hizo extender al pie de la notificacin la siguiente frase consagradora: "Me conformo con ese fallo que me perjudica, porque lo creo justo." Despus de esa etapa de su vida, en que el Magistrado fu dignsimo sacerdote de uno de los cultos ms hermosos, fu el doctor Campo comerciante en grande escala y cultiv relaciones con muchas casas importantes de Inglaterra, Francia, Alemania y los Estados Unidos, de las cuales mereci gran confianza. Retirado del comercio y por motivos inherentes a un anormal estado de cosas, entr en la azarosa poltica del pas, y triunfante el partido a que ha pertenecido, fu Uaniado a desempear la Secretara d Gobierno de la Jefatura Civil y Militar del Cauca, en la que se distingui por su espritu conciliador y justiciero en pugna con la inclemente atmsfera que le rodeaba. Poco despus fu senador de la repbhca y contribuy eficazmente a la expedicin de
leyes que aliviaran la condicin de los vencidos en la guerra. Nombrado por el excelentsimo seor Presidente de la Repblica, en 1910, Gobernador del Departamento de Buga, desempe las funciones de su empleo con la colaboracin de personas distinguidas de los distintos
the most remarkable Colombians may be mentioned the Doctor Luis FeUpe Campo. This iUustrious citizen, highly gifted in anything that nature could provide, was born of patrician blood in the suburbs of Buga in the year of 1858. He initiated his studies in Buga and some time afterwards fixed his residence in Bogot, the capital of Colombia, taking up the study of Pohtical Science, graduating as a doctor of law in the coUege of Dr. Jos Vicente Concha, father of the present president of the Colombian nation. After returning to his native city he practised law for some time with remarkable success. Appointed Magistrate of the Supreme Court of the Judicial
ame
District of Cauca he held this high office to the satisfaction of all. His term was not soiled by a single act which might be caUed unfair and his vast popularity was due no doubt to his straight judgment and fair deaUngs in aU his decisions.
which
give
some
idea
of
his
muchas
partidos polticos del pas, y dio altsima nota de tolerancia y de cumplimiento estricto de la constitucin y de las leyes, por lo que sus
>
In one of the lawsuits in which he defended his client's rights and which he lost eventuaUy, his cent, after being notified of the unf avorable verdict, wrote these words to his lawyer: "I agree with that verdict although I am the loser, as anything Dr. Campo does or says is in strict conformity with truth and justice." After his briUiant term as Magistrate Dr. Campo took up commerce on a large scale, entering into commercial relations with many weU-known houses of England, Franco, Germany and the United States, among which he enjoyed great trust and condence. Retired from commerce and for very special reasons he took up politics again, and as a loyal conservative was appointed to the Secretaryship of the Government in the civil and military administration of the Department of Cauca, an office which he held with honor and Shortly afterwards he was distinction. elected Senator, and as such did many magnanimous acts, cooperating in the making of many laws which brought untold rehef to many members of those defeated in the last war. Appointed Governor of the Department of Buga by his Excellency the President of the Repubhc in 1910, his excellent gifts as a ruler of men and public affairs were again made plain. He had a special talent in selecting his staff, surrounding himself with men as highminded as himself and his administration is marked with generous acts of jusjustice.
tice and magnanimity which in more than one occasion brought about public demonstrations of gratitude and loyElected by the votes of his feUow
conciudadanos le tributamos en ms de una ocasin homenajes de admiracin y de cario que l ha reconocido y estimado en alto grado. Elegido ms tarde por la mayora de las municipahdades de la circunscripcin electoral respectiva, diputado a la Asemblea Nacional Constituyente que se reuni en Bogot en 1910, constitua para sus electores una promesa de xito en las labores de aquel alto cuerpo; pero su eleccin fu anulada, a peticin de un ciudadano que crey servir su causa poltica, estorbndole su concurrencia a la Asamblea, circunstancia fehz, porque, aunque rob a la Nacin el apoyo patritico de uno de sus hijos predilectos en ese renacimiento de la repblica, dio a l oportunidad para dar al pas entero la ms alta leccin de cultura cvica, pues trasladado a la capital por motivo de ndole diversa, fu llamado a ocupar su curul por la misma Asamblea y por el seor Ministro de Gobierno, de lo cual hubo de excusarse reiteradamente, en acatamiento de la sentencia del Juez de escrutinios, que, con razn o sin ella, haba declarado nula su eleccin. Esta conducta, altamente honrosa, contrasta con la que en el Congreso de 1915 observaron algunos senadores, cuyas elecciones fueron declaradas legalmente nulas y que no obstante fueron obstinados en su concurrencia a la corporacin, con grave perjuicio para el pas. Elegido Presidente de la Repbhca el doctor Carlos E. Restrepo, nombr al doctor Campo su primer Ministro, y aunque acept tan honrosa designacin por hallarse unificado con el jefe de la Nacin en ideas poHticas, hubo de excusarse al fin de entrar a ejercer el delicado cargo, por inconvenientes de orden privado que no pudo vencer. Desde entonces y despus de haber realizado con su honorable famiha su segundo viaje a Europa, se consagr por completo el doctor Campo al beneficio y cultivo de sus haciendas en el Valle del Cauca.
alty
among
a
in
the
1910,
citizens.
men
member
of
tha
in
was annuUed through unfortunate circumstances which nevertheless served a good purpose, as this act taught the whole nation a lesson; being obliged for business reasons to visit the capital he was imhis
Bogot
mediately invited to attend the sessions of the Assembly, but he declined the honor, stating as an excuse that inasmuch as his election has been made void, with or without reason, he could not act now in opposition to this decisin. Unfortunately this noble conduct was not iniitated by other senators whose elections had also been declared legally void and who afterwards insisted on attending the regular ssssions, notwithstanding the grave consequences which this act might have brought to the country.
During the presidency of Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo, Dr. Campo was appointed Cabinet Minister, and although of the same political opinions as Dr. Carlos E. Restrepo, family affairs intervened and he was obliged to forego this high office.
After his second trip to Europc, undertaken in the company of his honorable family, Dr. Campo devoted himself entirely to farn hfe, His giving impulse to his vast possessions in the Valley of Cauca. farming enterprises have raet with remarkable success as he is considered today one of the leaders in that industry.
676
JULIO
MONEDERO
A.
Seor Monedero
is
hacendados de
Cauca.
la
ciudad
His farm
is
of Tulu,
una
has plenty
casa de habitacin
cional.
muy buena y
sobre la va na-
and an
excellent climate.
Fine
resi-
WP^''
677
Agricultueist
del
Cauca
678
RODOLFO SALCEDO
Por alambre: Importador y Exportador establecido en 1896. RosAC. Buga, Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Carrera 14 N.' 47 y 47 A. Propietario de la finca denominada "San Antonio," ubicada en el Distrito de Guaoar, a orillas del ro Cauca. Tiene capacidad para cebar 400 cabezas de ganado vacuno. Selecta
C.
Importer and exporter, established in 1896. "Rosac." Buga, Cauca Valley, Colombia (Carrera 14 Nos. 47 and 47A.) Owner of the property called "San Antonio," situated inthe District of Guacar, on the margin of the river Cauca. It is capable of maintaining 400 head of cattle. Has a select class of cows for the dairy.
Cables:
Hacienda Conangua
Conangua
Farm
Almacn
Store
679
LUCIO SALCEDO
Comerciante y Comisionista
Buga, Valle, Colombia.
EXPORTACIN
DE
EXPORTATION
OF
CUEROS Y CAF
IMPORTACIN
DE
IMPORTATION
OF
MERCANCAS
Venta
sobre
GENERAL MERCHANDISE
Drfts
de
el
giros
Exterior
on foreign countries
Ernesto Salcedo
Afamado
A famous
tenor, socio de la casa de Lucio Salcedo e Hijos tenor, and partner in the finn of Lucio Salcedo and Sons.
Mr.
RodolfoLSftlcedo's house
En
la
In
680
RENGIFO SANCLEMENTE
^;-M:^
Hacienda Samara
Esta propiedad est ubicada en el frtil y rico Distrito de Bugalagrande la provincia de Tulu, a orElas del hermoso ro Bugalagrande, ocupando una extensin de 1000 hectreas de terreno de primera calidad, por el hecho de haber sido durante 50 aos cinagas formadas por ese ro y secadas bajo la direccin del actual propietario. Por el oriente lo corta en corto trecho el trazado del Ferrocarril del Pacfico. Estos terrenos estn cultivados en su mayor parte de para, el pasto por excelencia en estas regiones, en unas 700 hectreas; donde pastan todo el ao 1200 reses de ganado vacuno; las 300 hectreas restantes estn cultivadas de cacao, caa de azcar, pasto comn y montes con excelentes maderas. Las vistas correspondientes a esta hacienda muestran uno de los abrevaderos sobre el ro Bugalagrande y parte del ganado de lechera,
de,
Samara Farm
This property is situated in the rich and fertile District of Bugalagrande, of the Province of Tulu, on the margin of the beautiful river
flrst
Bugalagrande, oocupying an extent of 1000 hectares of land of the quality, on account of having been marshes during fifty years,
formed by the above mentioned river and drained under the direction
of the present proprietor.
The railway
outs
it
towards
cultivated with Para grass, the best grass for these regions and in
some
common
and
The views
river.
of
this estte
show one
on the
river
Bugalagrande
a orillas del
mismo
ro.
and part
El
Molino Farm
of 1500 hectares in extent, cultivated with foreign grasses,
crossed in
all
directions
by abundant waters
which, on account of the topography of the lands, offer faUs that can
and a beautiful
*i-l
681
ARISTIDES HOLGUlN
Propietario, Ganadero y Agricultor
"Garzonero" es un terreno de su propiedad dividido en
fincas:
las siguientes
artificiales,
con
9000
divided into the foUowing farms: Casa Blanca, composed of cocoa
rboles de cacao
y4
un bosque
de maderas de construccin,
cra de marranos: tiene
plantations
trees
and capacity
for
muy buena
casa de habitacin.
Garzonero,
para
el
lechera,
con pastos
900
cattle.
The farm
is
artificiales;
house.
There
is
a cheese factory.
y dehesas
artificiales
good house, large pasture lands and a dairy with 150 cows. This farm
produces the best horses in the whole regin.
The whole
estte has
ms afamados
about 12,000
acres.
caballos de la comarca.
La
is
is
tiene
Departamento
del
Vall.
children
and
lives in
Secadora de oocao
-Cacoa Dryer
682
OJP
COLOMBIA
Seor Gil
is
owner
Buga,
Departamento
amongst which
terreno plano, de
in extent
and
of level
and 200
of forest with
80 of bamboo; a plantation
gadas of
cofifee,
and two
This sugar
Cah and
de-
Buga.
He
20
draft
and saddle
asses,
60
mares,
goats,
two brood
four pigs.
This estte
situated to
pasto
artificial
una
El Camello.
To
y dems sementeras.
teja,
Adems,
tiene
de habitacin de
lica,
hornilla con
tres calderos
miel,
un
1200 cocoa
tree.?,
six
fanegadas of
coffce
and plantains,
azucarero con 800 hormas que estn siempre con azcar, pues la molien-
a good
tiled
da
es diaria.
las plazas
de Cali y Buga.
and
(alfarera),
60
pigs.
AU
otras
En
lo siguiente:
50 muas, 600
(cocheros)
20,
reses, caballos
de
silla
y
2,
servicio
al oriente
del
El Camello
orillas del ro
Al
occidente
del
Cerrito,
fanegadas de tierras
ficiales
500 de pastos
arti-
ciento de bosques
seis
y guaduales.
Tiene
fanegadas de cafetal
y platanal, casa de
teja regular,
y otras ramadas
abundantes aguas.
Tiene
los siguientes
semovientes:
600
reses,
Todo
el
ganado de
683
MODESTO CABAL
Hacendado
Agriculturist
684
ALFONSO SAAVEDRA
Agricultor residente en Guacn (Buga, Departamento del Valle)
Naci en Buga y
se
la
Es Miembro de
Agricidturist, resident in
Junta Directiva. Posee la hermosa hacienda "La Mauritania" en el Municipio de Guacar (Departamento del Valle), con una extensin de 400 hectreas, terrenos planos con regados propios, para cultivo del arroz. Cuenta la hacienda con las siguientes maquinarias: un tractor de vapor de 30 caballos, con su aparejo de arado mltiple de seis cuchillas. El tractor es de doble cilindro y montaje en suspensin. Seis maquinarias completas para trillar con capacidad para 16 fanegas diarias cada una (cada fanega equivale ms o menos a media tonelada) Siete segadoras con capacidad para segar una y media hectreas por
da.
Was born
He
in
CoUege
San Ignacio.
member
(Vahe), with
plovving
The farm has a complete equipment of agrioultural machinery for and for thrashing with all modern and necessary implements
thrashes
Un tren de mquinas sembradoras. Una mquina abridora de zanjas. Varios aparatos o mquinas para hacer bordes. Una maquinaria descascaradora de arroz movida por vapor; y por ltimo un taller de reparaciones. Estas mquinas se ocupan a ms del laboreo de la hacienda, en preparar y beneficiar terrenos de otros propietarios. Antes de introducir estas maquinarias al Departamento, el cultivo del arroz se haca en muy pequea escala por la escasez de brazos para el laboreo; hoy, mediante la introduccin de dichas maquinarias, se ha eentuphcado la produccin del arroz.
also
The ma-
work
scale
labor.
rice
The
situation
is
685
Fortunato Cabal
"San Juanito"
"San Juanito"
"La Negra"
686
LA PALMA"
BUGA, COLOMBIA
"La Palma," nombre de la hacienda de la seora Sara Garrido, est colocada entre los Distritos de Buga y Guacar, con el ro Sonso de por medio. Tiene una temperatura media de 24 grados y est situada en la zona ms pintoresca y exuberante del Valle del Cauca, a un kilmetro de distancia del trazado para la va frrea por el oriente, y por el occidente sirvindole de lmite la arteria fluvial del ro Cauca, cuya iiavegacin es de bastante impo,rtancia. Mide de extensin general 670 fanegadas, cultivadas de pastos de para, guinea y grama, ste ltimo conocido en el pas con el nombre de pasto comn por el carcter espontneo de propagacin. Tiene adems bosques para la cra de cerdos, gTiaduales, un pequeo planto de caa de azcar y una casa habitable de construccin moderna, bien ventilada y rodeada de jardines donde la flora se ostenta orgullosa con todos los matices y variedades de los climas tropicales. El globo general de la hacienda en referencia contiene los siguientes semovientes de la misma propietaria 700 cabezas de ganado vacuno, 100 de ganado caballar, 40 cerdos y muchsimas aves de corral de distintas especies. Tanto el ganado vacuno como el caballar son razas acreditadas por su buena calidad, mansedumbre y desarrollo, a tal extremo que se solicitan de preferencia en todos los mercados de las poblaciones vecinas. "La Palma" es una de las haciendas mejor organizadas de la provincia y donde palpita en todos sus detalles el carcter emprendedor y ordenado de la seora Garrido, tipo de matrona respetable por su cultura, su amabilidad y sus grandes energas para el trabajo honrado y laborioso. Su porte noble y gentil y su vigor moral, caracterizado en situaciones difciles y angustiosas, son antecedentes que la presentan como exponente de seleccin.
:
"La Palma"
which
it is
is
the
ame
Buga and Guacar, from separated by the Sonso river. It has an average temperature of 24 C, and lies in the most picturesque and
fertile regin of the
Cauca Valley,
the west
it is
1 kilometer west of a
projected railway.
bounded by the Cauca river, which is a very important waterway. It has an rea of 670 fanegadas, planted with para, guinea and common grass, the last of which grows spontaneously. Tn addition
has M'oods for the raising of hogs, bamboo fields, and a small sugar-cane plantation. It has a dwelling house of
it
On
modern
and surrounded by
cattle,
many
Both the cattle and. the horses are high-bred, and for this reason they are preferred to other animis in the markets of all neighboring cities and towns.
"La Palma"
province, and
is
is
culture, amiability and a make highly honored. Her noble and genteel mien and her moral strength, shown in difificult and painful situations, make her a perfeet type of
whom
womanhood.
y.-.X
687
ALBERTO SAAVEDRA
"La Brisa,"
de de arroz fundado en 1907 en el Valle del Cauca; cuenta con maquinarias para segar,
establecimiento
beneficio
rreno de trescientas
fanegadas,
propio
para
arroz.
el
de Tiene capacultivo
i^idad
ficiar
tliarios.
Tiene culapropiados
desarrollo
para
cra
el
de ganados.
Cuacar!,
La Bni.SA, estabfishment for the preparation of rice founded in 1907 in the Department of Valle del Cauca; fine machinery for reapA fine ground with three hundred fanegas ing and threshing rice. suited for the cultivation of rice. With a capacity of two thusaud kilos per day. Large eultivated tract of good pastui'e suitable for the cattle industry.
Its
mento
owner
of
resides
in the District of
Cuacar, Depart-
ment
El Valle.
GONZALO JIMNEZ
Este establecimiento fu el segundo fundado ao de 1911 en el Valle del Cauca, paraelbene ficio de arroz. Tiene un montaje compuesto de maquinarias movidas por rueda hidrulca con una descascaradora de arroz que tiene capacidad para mil kilos diarios montada en edificio especial. El seor Jimnez tiene adems otras propiedades situadas en el Municipio de Cuacar!, propias para cualesquiera clase de cultivos tropicales, con extensin de 500 fanegadas.
en
el
"LusiTANiA."
LSiTANiA. This establishment was the second one founded in the year 1911 in the Valle del Cauca for the rice industry. This establishment is fitted out with fine machinery propelled by a Pelton vvheel and has a thresher with a capacity of one thousand kilos per day.
Seor Jimnez has also several properties situated in the District of Cuacar, suitable for the cultivation of many tropical producs.
"CHAMBERY"
pleno corazn de este rico valle que fecundiza el Cauca, y baada por las ninfas claras del Zabaletas y del Cuabas que ubicada esta hermosa propiedad de la seora doa Mercedes Calvis v. de Saavedra. La constituye una extensin de 550 hectreas, con amplitud para 500 cabezas de ganado; exuberantes pastos, para y guinea; frondosos bosques, bellas plantaciones de caf y pltano, en todo lo cual se ostenta majestuosa e inagotable la prdiga sabia tropical. Est protegida por seguras cercas de alambre y en un estado de limpieza que hace pensar en la suprema eficacia del brazo que proscribe la maleza, hacen de esta hermosa propiedad una de las riquezas ms apetecibles. Pastan en La casa de la ella selectos ejemplares de ganado vacuno y caballar. hacienda es ima magnfica morada, de construccin moderna, cuyos muros cordiales guardan como un rito el eco de ese himno de vida que all se canta al amor y al trabajo.
En
This beautiful estte, belonging to Doa Mercedes Galvis v. de Saavedra, is situated in the heart of the Cauca valley, and watered on the north and south by the clear Zabaletas and Guabas rivers.
It has of cattle.
an rea of 550 hektares, with ampie capacity for 500 head In it are found exuberant grasses, both para and guinea; large forests, and beautiful coffee and plantain plantations, where
tropical nature displays its generosity. The estte is fenced in with good wire fences, and kept in a state of cleanliness that bespeaks the great activity of its owner, and gives to it a most attractive appearance. There are in it cattle and horses of the best breeds. The niain rcsidence
a spiendid structure of modern construction and whose neat and pleasing appearance seems to symbolize the lovc of work of those within.
is
688
EL RECREO
This estte belongs to Mr. Gustavo Domnguez and
three kilometers to the west
is
situated
ofthe
city of
Buga.
It has
very im-
portant cocoa, coffee and banana plantations and extensive and rich
pasture lands.
fcrtile
lands in
all
thc regin.
of cattle.
is
and fattening
which
river Cauca,
navi-
by steamboats
VaUey.
The producs
of the
kil-
el
occidente.
Se compone de
pastales de para
y y
triguillo.
La forman
la cra
las tierras
ms
frtes de la regin
es insuperable para
de ganados y para
la agricultura.
del ro Cauca,
la
que es navegable
del
buques
de
vapor
en
los
toda
extensin
Valle
que
recorre; de
modo que
productos
pueden
de consumo del
departamento.
EMILIO QUINTERO
Hacendado
Agriclturist
del Valle
Buga, Departamento
689
LE BON MARCH
Carrera 13, N." 119 y 121; CaUe 6a., N. 118. Almacn de variedades. Sucursal: Carrera 12, N. 89. Propietarios: Sambra, Kyrilos & Ca. Comerciantes, agentes y comisionistas; importadores y exportadores.
Por cable:
Carrera 13, Nos. 119 and 121; CaUe 6a, No. 118. General Store. Branch store. Carrera 12, No. 89. Owners: Sambra, Kyrilos & Co. Merchants, agents and commission agents; importers and exporters. Cable address: Samilos. Buga, Valle, Colombia.
TIBERIO MEJIA
Comerciantes, hacendados, exportadores e importadores; magnfico
surtido de mercancas; especialidad en artculos de lujo. Por telgrafo: Tibemeja, Carrera 13, N."' 39-41-41A.
D.
& ClA
agriculturists,
and
importers.
Complete
stock of dry goods, speoialty in fancy articles. Telegraphic address: Tibemeja, Carrera 13, Nos. 39-41-41A.
690
PABLO MEJIA Y
Comerciantes
Meechants
CO.
Artculos de lujo
y en general toda
clase
Fancy
articles
Wish
con casas
serias.
Atienden agen-
Agents.
The
cias.
Referencias a satisfaccin.
Buga, Departamento
del Valle.
NSTOR ROMERO
Constructor
Buga (Departamento
del Valle).
NSTOR ROMERO
Builder
Plans and estimates for
cialty in houses, bridges
all
Ejecuta obras, proyectos, presupuestos de las siguientes especialidades: edificios, techos, puentes para carreteras, de mampostera y de madera; mesuras y particiones de predios rsticos y urbanos; planos acotados de caminos,
caeras &.
kinds of constructions.
Spec-
and surveys.
AU
kinds of en-
gineering work.
Calcula las construcciones por los nuevos mtodos cientficos de Esttica Grfica de Culman, Cremqna, Rietter, etc., segn MuUer-Breslau, Professor de la Escuela
Romero
el
presente grupo,
las
pginas
C.
Departamento
del
Valle.
C. G.
WALTER
C. G.
WALTER
Comerciante
peas y americanas.
Agricultor
Acepta toda
clase
Merchant Agriculturist
Direct importation of
all
de
pean goods.
Druggist.
in
el
artificiales
He
will consider
any
En
lo
relacionado con
reasonable business
offers.
Mr. Walter
Valle.
691
MHlO
AZIII, l)K
ISAAS
lOiiipniHiirio
(1(!
SAAVEDRA
S.
AutomohiloH lo
pairiiiK.
all
liii
l''irHt
aiil'Oini'iviltm
(U;
iil(|iiloi'
hiro.
Siiooialist in re-
iWrfccit
c^iiii
iMir<riii(ta
(I;
kiihU)
pn;-
o.la.sH
kIiii.
HopairinK of
dd n^piiracioiuM,
(il
riilaitio-
iiadaH
todd
Iranio d(! la
iii(!ciiii(:a,
and
sl,(;aiii
jiowor
M(-liiHvc
MKit.di'OH
(ilitriooH,
<l
uHoliiia
iiioohanioal shop,
l'orinaiicnt salo of gasolinc, oiis, greaso,
oto.
d(!
vapor.
a<!ii(!aH
Ki'ii-Ha;
So cnniu'na do do
friimolina,
Miil.iiMii'ivili'H
lilii
ikoI.i,
Aiitoniobllo
snpplics
of
difToront
<lo
<IHlJiil.aH
iiiai'iNiH,
do
i^loiiKMil.iiH
n^laoioiadoH
ooii
inakoH.
Hal.isfaotion
la
giiarantocd.
OoouiiioH
(Iiioiilji,
largo
building
situated
in
ooiiio
H(
piud(
un
loo.al
i'.iiinpol.i^iilri^,
Uio
o(!Ml,(r
of Huga, Vai.mo
dkl ('auca,
prinoipal
Canoa,
iiiiKa,
Vall(^ d(^l
lii^piibo of (oloniliia.
loloiiiliia.
l'or
tolgrafo;
"1haavhi>ua."
liy wire:
Isaavedua.
.^^.
TllKA'lMlICAL
MaNAGERS
They
C'oinpran y
toman
(iad(w
(mi
arroiidMMii(wil,o laH
ltimas niivolos
!)(!-
oinoniatogrilioaa,
para
bny or
(lio
lot
Atioii-
dopartrnonts
Valle
and Caldas.
dou
toda
))ro|)noHta
para
oHpiu'tloiiloH
If.'iO.OOO.
toatraloH.
Capital nwpoiiHalilo:
lOmnianiicl
lo.sidonoos of
(!)ali,
parlnor.s:
lOmmamul Pinedo,
llribo,
(!ali,
Valle;
RosidoiKaH:
Vallo;
I'iiimIo,
(!al,
l''ranoi.s(Mi
(
l'oroira,
Caldas; Tulio
Ji'ranoiHoo
A.
Urilio,
l'oroira,
^onolia,
Caldas;
Uribe
Concha
Caldas;
Tulio
Conolia,
Cali,
Vallo;
iV
l'incdo,
Uuga, Vallo.
Urib Cnolu
&
SAULO PATINO
CoMKItCIAN'l'K,
iMl'OIfl'ADOIt V
lOx-
B.
l'OKTADOIt
Hiiga,
Vallo,
'oNimliia.
PORTER
d<^
i^aiilii
l''rai'(^iii
del
alniacn mixto
Colombia;
on
ingli's
(|uioii
o oapafiol
((irrospoiidoiKH!
from
abroad.
wiro and
By
Codoused: A.B.C.
Colombia.
Clav^:
lilil
C.
quinta
odioirtn.
A(H>
Vil
.'KItlI'
me.
WIISON y
llllOHf s
HELIOS
/iniiiU
lliplolltl
CRONion txiRHNj[Rfi
lliiiiMnIt
.U>
pw
im
v,''!";;",'f"*!*ff*'
'
''(
lio
mi'Ji I
wn',
;'^S5
SEi^-^^'^'^^^-J^
nr,
im'im
D'UiM
II
imitiMiifliAUNct AlUMiAlM)
il> li
r-winiirMii N,
(-|<,niliiu
Jm|,U
[.IriiWH,,
,,
M.r.
V cm..iriil.'
(I,.
\,
.l^hmA
IJiiIrtMUti)
NmImiI.
K-.(-v(.t|
tu* Mliui
U'il
Atimtiu
,
Jii.ll.'lnli'i,
|><irHitili>dr|i.i><il>
RilinlnUtniti-
l'l'
lo
MM A/AVOmo
>vluiJa lidtlilO
692
Sucursal, Carrera
&
G.
Nos.
103-105.
Owner:
Elias
G.
N.oa
103-105.
Propietario:
Elias
Specialty, fancy
presents.
Rebeiz.
Almacn de Modas.
artculos de lujo
Especialiarticles
suitable
for
Direct
dad en
y para
regalo.
Importacin directa.
send
samples
and
catalogues.
Cable
y soUcita muestras y
catlogos.
address:
Rebeiz.
Buga, Colombia.
Commission Agents
to.
Representala defensa
Representatives of
de
sus derechos
el
Casa de Informaciones y Consignaciones de mercancas para la venta en comisin en todos los ramos del comercio y de la industria.
Librera, Papelera,
Center of information and consigmnents of merchandise. commission in all branches of commerce and industries.
Sale on
Book
store, Stationery,
Agents
in that Une.
Any agency
accepted.
ciones para la propaganda de las obras religiosas, cientficas, literarias y artsticas. Oficinas: Carrera 14, "Plazuela San Francisco."
San
Francisco.
La
la
The
club,
illustration
is
which
En
ella se
encuentran
los
mejores vinos,
champagne,
all
billar.
DANIEL SALAZAR
M.
Electrical engineer.
hecho el montaje e instalacin de las Plantas Elctricas de Jeric, Sonsn y "Mina de la Constancia" en Anor, del Departamento de Antioquia; Manizales, "Mina de la Unin" en Manizales, y Pereira, del Departamento de Caldas, y la de Buga del Departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Actualmente es Director Tcnico de la "Compaa de Instalaciones Elctricas de Buga", Valle, Cauca, Colombia. Cuenta 20 aos de prctica en su profesin, y ha sido ovacionado y condecorado con tres preciosas medallas de oro en sus triunfos profesionales.
Ha
installed
the foUowing
cia
electric plants:
Mine,
all of
them
in Antioquia,
and the
La ConstanUnion Mine in
of the
Manizales.
Many
of
others in
Departments
Cauca and
Valle.
693
nica en su
de Buga por
miUo.
clase, establecida
el
en la ciudad
J.
of its kind in
J. Jara-
seor Francisco
Jara-
works
of well-
En
known
ella se
encuentran
las
mejores obras
writing materials,
Alfredo Sann
Hacendado. Buga, Departamento del Valle.
Comisionista en compras y ventas de ganado, caballereas y dem? artculos del pas. Exportador.
J.
Agrieulturist. Commission agent; deals in live stock and national goods. Exporter. Address: Buga, Department of El Valle.
La Cruz Roja
Farmacia y droguera.
Propietario: Jorge Enrique Paredes, FarEstablecida en 1910. maceuta; completo surtido de drogas, especficos. Solicita anuncios, muestras, catlogos. Se hace cargo de agencias. Buga, Valle, Colombia.
Pbarmacy and drug store. Established in 1910. Owner, Jorge Enrique Paredes, apothecary. Great stock of drugs, patent medicines. Will take agencies in charge. Solicits catalogues and references.
Graduated froni tlie National University. Lawyer. Ex-attorney at the Superior Courts of the Judicial District of Buga. Takes up any Long practice. Buga, Department of El .iudicial or legal matter.
Valle.
Alonso Figueroa F.
Comerciante y comisionista. Buga Valle Colombia. Carrera 13 Nos. 57 y 59. Acepta agencias y consignaciones de Colombia y del Enva referencias. Solicita muestras y catlogos.
General and commission merchant. Solicits agencies for Colombia and abroad on commission. Requests samples and catalogues. Best
Exterior.
Address: Carrera
Francisco Pelez
Comerciante. Buga, Valle, Colombia. Surtido completo y constantemente renovado de mercancas inglesas, francesas y americanas. Acepta agencias. Referencias a satisfaccin.
Merchant.
goods.
request.
Renewed
Complete stock of Prench, English and American dry constantly. Solicits agencies. Best of references on Buga, Valle, Colombia.
Wire: Camibal.
Buga,
Daniel Vallejo
Comerciante. a satisfaccin.
Solicita relaciones con casas serias,
Da
referencias
houses.
Solicits correspondence with serios minded business Merchant. Best of references furnished on request. Buga, Valle, Colombia.
Universidad Nacional. Gestiona toda clase de asuny administrativos. Buga (Departamento del Valle),
la
Active practico. Attorney at law of the National University. Department of Specializes in judicial and administrative matters.
Colombia.
El Valle, Colombia.
Jos N. Lozano
Abogado. Gestiona asuntos judiciales. Buga, IDepartamento del Valle, Colombia.
Attorney at law.
Active practico.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Buga,
694
One
of the
main
objects of the
bia es fomentar
los
oportu-
and
specially to
make the
business
to
ofered
en negocios con
la
Amrica
Para lograr
tal fin, se
da en
las
Information
is
en cuanto a
de Colombia, sino
only regarding the general possibilities and potentialities of
many
con
las cuales le
convendr
al
norteamericano de negocios
concerns and enterprises with which
ponerse en relaciones.
En
American business
esas
pginas
encontrar los
nombres y negocios de
tadores colombianos
los principales
men may
acquainted.
find
it
sobre
todo
los
manufactura-
and exporters
that
of
Colomimports
of the
bia
mainly
the importers,
since
country
and many
En
los
las
raw materials
colombianos como de
los
it
consumes.
cios
much
canas,
en
las
los
Estados Unidos.
se
Es de
sentirse
Colombians as
few advertise-
que
el
nmero de
que aqu
la
ments
of leading concerns,
muy
pequeo;
mas, por
misma naturaleza
number
very small;
but,
not be otherwise,
se necesitara
un voluminoso
las
in
tomo.
La mayor
dan en
pginas
that, to include
them
all,
quired.
The majority
A.
VILLEGAS RESTREPO
Abogado y Agente
Lawyer
This
of
and Agent
office,
Esta
oficina,
las principales
in the
main
cities
Colombia and
al servicio
de todos los
coUects
bilis,
en
acts
los
Estados Unidos o a
los
americanos en Colombia.
Se
as general
legal Information
and
advice,
and
of all
characters.
115 Broadway,
New
York.
ms
de Colombia.
esmerada preparacin.
la
produc-
mejor y ms
fcil se
har la venta.
no
conozcan
el
negocio, pero es
una verdad
sin dificultad.
Recomiendan
el
mayor esmero en
la
de venta.
Cada
lo
da es
mayor
lo
el
nmero de consumidores en
insisten
este pas
que
en obtener
mejor de
mejor
en materia de alimentos.
17
696
RELOJES
usted va a una relojera a comprar un reloj que rena exactitud, belleza y durabilidad, qu hace ? No siendo perito en la materia, tiene usted que fiarse de lo que el relojero le diga. Usted da por sentado que l s sabe de eso, y que le dar lo que usted desea. Sin duda la reputacin universal de Wltham ha llegado a sus odos. Sin duda usted sabe que Rusia, China, el Japn, Italia, Australia, y los directores de grandes empresas ferroviarias inglesas han ido a Wltham en busca de relojes que, sin ser demasiado costosos, sean cmodos, durables y de exactitud indiscutible. Sabr usted que esas grandes naciones escudrinaron toda la Europa en busca del mejor reloj; que enviaron sus peritos a Suiza, tierra del arte de hacer relojes, y a Francia, y a Inglaterra; que esos peritos, despus de vanos esfuerzos, fueron a Wltham; y en fin, sabr usted que, tras maduro examen, se decidieron en favor de los
^-^
WLTHAM
relojes
riores
/^UANDO
supe-
a iodos los dems. Esta supremaca reconocida del reloj Wltham es para usted de suma importancia; pues significa que, habiendo el mundo entero resuelto el problema que a usted lo preocupaba, no tiene usted que seguir devanndose los sesos. Ya el mundo entero le ha dicho que el reloj Wltham es el modelo de los tres requisitos indispensables de todo buen reloj exactitud, belleza y durabilidad ; y que es por tanto el reloj que usted necesita.
:
ser
Los relojes
Delgadsimo
Todos los relojeros de Colombia los venden; pero, si usted no encontrare la clase especial que desee, dirjase al representante general de la compaa en Colombia: ANTONIO PUERTO, Bogot.
chusetts, E. U. A.
697
Gerentes generales de la
Panam
Com-
pany y
la
del Canal.
17
STATE STREET,
NEW YORK
98
699
D. R.
HAINES
Marine Surveyor
Corredor Martimo
Operaciones Bancarias
Comerciante
Comisionista
CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA
Cables
"HAINES"
NEW YORK
OFFICES:
29 Broadway
700
Engineering
&
Exporting
Company
Compaa de
Ingeniera y Exportacin
Luciano Restrepo
Director y Gerente
Director
and Manager
Establecida en 1909.
Incorporada en 1912.
Established in 1909.
Incorporated in 1912.
para
y aparatos
and
all
other
elctricos
ferroviarios;
y mquinas
de gas; automviles.
mobiles.
La Compaa, despus de
y
Investigations
se encarga
de conseguir
el capital
hacer
Financing of bona
fide
new undertakings
initiated
by per-
La Compaa
de
Mares sobre
los de-
De Mares
Oil Concession,
Company, a
in the
Tropical Oil
development
dlares que
los
hoy
ocupa en
la explotacin
de varios de
some
yacimientos de petrleo
caso de necesidad, la
ms
ricos de
Colombia.
sus repre-
Colombia.
En
Compaa enva
le
its
representatives,
when
necessary,
sentantes
permitan
on the
spot, so as to be in a
and
The
mente.
Pereira,
Fu
as
como
cities
were ob-
de Colombia.
29
Cable:
enexco
701
ORIENTAL DRUG
CINCHONAL
miento de
las
CO., INC.
trata-
el
FORTIROL
esti-
mulantes del sistema nervioso. Inapreciables en el tratamiento de la ANEMIA, CLOROSIS, NEURASTENIA y en la DEBILIDAD GENERAL DEL ORGANISMO.
PILDORAS FULTON
las familias.
Combaten
del
del
HGADO y
estmago.
NAFTOPEPTINA
ALFOINA
la
ciones gastrointestinales.
Pastillas de xito maravilloso en NEURALGIA, JAQUECA, etC.
el
tratamiento de
KOLINOIDES
teraputico
gran valor
para la desinfeccin de heridas, lceras, RGANOS VAGINALES, etc. y recomendadas para combatir
las afecciones
de
la
garganta y nariz.
Cada uno de estos preparados est protegido por su respectiva marca de fbrica.
Propietarios y distribuidores:
York
702
g-g a
;'
a.
i i i ! i i i f i ! i ! i f
i i
II
i..
HOTEL NASSAU
HOTEL DE CIUDAD EN LA ORILLA DEL MAR-A CITY HOTEL AT THE SEASHORE
Long Beach, Long
Island,
N. Y.
Moderno
edificio incombustible
a una
Abierto todo
ao
year
de
la ciudad,
ya
corta distancia.
Long Beach
las escuelas
from city annoyances, to thosc desiring to be in cise touch with affairs in New York. Families with children find Long Beach advantageous by reason of the healthful and
invigorating
climatic
conditions,
y
es
vigorizante,
splendid
la playa,
que
un lugar de
esto
debe agregarse
precios,
la
importante
cuestin de
ground, unsurpassed on the Atlantic coast. In addition to which there is the all-important matter of rates, which until June 28th are most modrate.
ao,
y de
mayo
es
un
entire year
and
May
life,
offers
to families a
pecialmente
para
extranjeros
que
desean
particularly to those
any period
Baos de mar
Gerente:
Steam Heat
Lessee
Willard H. Barse
Willard H. Barse,
703
WINTOGENO
Crema de Mentol y Pirla (Gaulteria) de Huxley PREPARADO POR
ANGLO-AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL
90
CO.,
LTD.
CremamHuxleyI
WINTOGENO
"WINTOGENO"
,
eficaz
Crema -Huxley
El
WiNTGENO DE HuxLEY
los vestidos.
710
levant
ampollas ni
REUMATISMO,NEURALGiASj
irrita la piel,
DOLORES DE CABEZA
DOLORES PRODUCIDOS EN EL CUELLOl TOR RESFRIADO^PICADAS DE INSECTOS.|
manchar
De
LONDKBS
NUEVA YORK
PAES
NER-VITA
DEL DR. HUXLEY
Es un compuesto de
en
el
glicerofosfatos
y formiatos
cidos,
organismo encuentra combinados, de manera cientfica, los principales elementos reconstituyentes de las clulas nerviosas, que mantienen y aumentan el vigor
que
el
fsico e intelectual.
NER-VITA
lEL
La Ner-Vita de Huxley es el tnico por excelencia, regenerador del sistema debilitado, y reconstituyente ideal, indicado en el tratamiento de la debilidad cerebral, agotamiento, cansancio astnico, etc.
est preparada, como muchos de los remedios anunciados, para tratar todas las enfermedades, sino para tonificar el sistema orgnico y perfeccionar la condicin general del cuerpo, ayudando a la naturaleza a terminar su obra de reconstitucin.
La Ner-Vita de Huxley no
De
PREPARADO POR
ANGLO-AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL
LONDRES
90
CO.,
LTD.
704
HUX-SAL
SAL ANTISPTICA DE HUXLEY
Sa] soluble, notxica
y ligeramente
alcalina,
recomendada
y vagina-
Hux-Sal
es
una
sal
antisptica,
econmica, de
olor
PREPARADO POR
68
BEEKMAN
STREET, NUEVA
YORK
londhes
PERFUMES
"MARCEAU"
POLVOS SUPERFINOS DE ARROZ
Y COMPRESOS
ARREBOL (COLORETE) PERFUME "KOURA" AGUA DE TOCADOR "KOURA"
Preparados con productos estrictamente puros. De perfume sutil. Son indispensables en el tocador de las damas de gusto refinado.
venta en todas las farmacias y perfumeras acreditadas.
De
MrFUMERIE MARCEAU,
pars
Inc.
LONDRES
68
LIBRO
AZTJl,
FUNDADAEN
1867
ESTABLISHED
1867
J. J.
of Colombia
Little
&
Ivs Company of
J.
New
and
Little in 1867,
years
of
publishers of America.
La
clase,
book
las
ms
modernas
los
y mejor equipadas de
dos Unidos.
Esta-
doce
The
J. J.
Little Building,
con superficie de 13,000 pies cuadrados por piso, fu especialmente construido para el
negocio de la casa en 1910 por
el
fundador.
and
its
by
La instalacin comprende una sala de composicin a mano, en linotipo y en monotipo una fundicin de electro;
founder in 1910.
facilities
The
of this plant
include a composing
room
for
tipia
para
fotograbados
acero;
en
li-
cobre
y en
una
sala de
an
electrotype
steel
y un taller
para
la
encuademacin en pas-
EDIFICIO
J. J.
J. J.
LITTLE
a press-
LITTLE BUILDING
for cloth, leather,
room
tion printing,
and a bindery
for
de esta empresa es la composicin tipogrfica y preparacin de planchas electrotipadas para su envo a cualquier parte que se
Uno de
A
any
desee.
in composition
la J. J.
shipment to
destination.
J. J.
Little and Ivs CoMPANY viene dedicndose con especialidad a la impresin y encuademacin de libros en castellano, trabajo que le han confiado varios particulares y
Messrs.
Little
&
ms
acreditadas.
many
Con
tras
Suggestions,
y presupuestos.
cheerfuUy submitted.
435
EAST
24th
STREET, NUEVA
YORK
435
EAST
24th
STREET,
NEW YORK
LA ADIVINA
qu adivino lo que llevas ah en esa caja? dice de pronto una linda paseandera a un granujilla, peoncito de algn establecimiento de modas. El muchacho se la queda mirando, estupefacto por la interpelacin inesperada, y por el propsito exteriorizado por su bella interlocutora, de adivinar lo que l lleva, tan misteriosamente encajonado. Pues ah llevas Jabn de Reuter, prosigue la adivma el mejor jabn de cuantos se fabrican bajo el Sol. El muchacho, mira al Sol, a la caja y a la juguetona chica, y
sonre
que tenga razn, porque un sol de oro, un rostro encantador y un pan de Jabn de Reuter, son tres personas distintas, y un solo ideal verdadero.
El Jabn de Reuter
legtimo lleva en la
Puede
como
diciendo:
marca dejbrica
York.
la
firma de
Barclay &
Co.,
New
707
Dioxo
*EL
Una
especficos
de
JLIlOX^^^dl
es
reconocido
como
la
nica
Agua
Lf 1
OXO g^ G n no
pierde su fuerza
como
las
marcas
inferiores
AGUA OXIGENADA
Hj Oj a I2v
l-IOXOS)dn
^^^SraDE- g^(Do,S MARK
se
usa externamente en
abscesos,
etc.
el
trata-
y tambin
GVJ
T
un poboso
^'^
'ANTISPTICO Y DESINFECWI"'
'*"i5lNTERN0 Y
EXTERNO.
INODORO
mOakland Chem*-'*
'^oi.
IKOf^"*' .,f(|
ne:w YORK-
^cC"'j
la leche
el
agua,
del estmago.
New
York, E. U. A.
708
AHORRE DINERO
COMPRE DIRECTAMENTE AL FABRICANTE
Con
oficina
el
/ \
Relojes
finos
de
bolsillo
marca
WDTHAM.
Artculos de tocador de imitacin marfil Ptralin.
I \
&
Bro.
marca Ingersoll.
Linternas elctricas porttiles marca EvEREADT Daylo, pas secas y bateras de acumulacin.
Batera
Go.
de
cocina
de
aluminio
marca Viko.
Candados Miller.
cerraduras
marca
tapicera, etc.
marca ngelus.
Cubiertos de mesa plateados alpacca o metal blanco.
Vestidos de
&
y de
Ansorge Bros.
hombre.
ms poderosas y mejor
acreditadas de los
Estados Unidos.
ANTONIO PUERTO
Representante de fabricantes extranjeros
Apartado 331
BOGOT, COLOMBIA
709
Importadores
Exportadores
Nuestra larga prctica en el comercio de exportacin para la Amrica Latina, y principalmente para la Repblica de Colombia, nos ha puesto en capacidad de poder atender con la mayor rapidez a todos los pedidos que se nos confen. Suministramos toda clase de informes y catlogos sobre cualquier producto americano y ponemos el ms cuidadoso esmero en los empaques. Somos agentes exclusivos de varios manufactureros, lo cual nos pone en capacidad de cotizar los precios ms bajos del mercado. Especializamos en toda clase de productos para
droguistas
Our long experience in export trade with all Latin America, especially with the Republic of Colombia, enables us to fill all orders promptly and satisfactorily. Information and catalogs on any American articles
furnished on request. ately packed.
Goods
carefully
and appropri-
articles
Sol agents for several manufacturers, for whose we can quote the lowest prices. Specialties:
y somos representantes
de:
The Tyer Rubber Ce, Andover, Mass. Artculos de goma para droguistas, y fabricantes de las afamadas llantas para automviles marca "Tyrian." ,The Woolf Laboratories, Inc., Neiv York, fabricantes del ms reciente descubrimiento, "Solucin Woolf," veinte veces ms poderosa como desinfectante que el agua oxigenada. "Sanatarlina," producto de nuestra marca registrada, muy superior a todos sus similares y el ms til y efectivo desinfectante para conservar los ganados
sanos.
Makers
Inc.,
New
York, makers
invention,
is
"Woolf Solution,"
which
as a disinfectant
infinitely
superior to hydrogen
peroxide.
"Sanatarlina," the
superior to
all
firm's
its
own patented
product, far
others of
"AMRICA FUTURA"
calidad de su material de lectura Por la variedad e inters de sus ilustraciones Por su lista de colaboradores Por la forma en que trata las cuestiones de actualidad Por el amplio campo que abarca Por su regla de ventilar slo ideas y hechos de inters pblico, prescindiendo de personalidades
Por
la
In literary excellence
In multiplicity and selection of illustrations In the list of contributors In the treatment of world topics
In the wide scope of its contents By its policy of discussing only principies and facts of general interest, without ever descending to personalities
"AMRICA FUTURA"
una de las mejores revistas hispanoamericanas. Es el campen de la Amrica Espaola. Tiende a promover la mutua inteligencia entre la Amrica Espaola
es
is
"AMRICA FUTURA"
one of the best Spanish-American magazines. is the champion of Spanish America. It seeks to promote understanding between Spanish and AngloIt
la
Anglosajona.
los meses.
Saxon America.
Suscripcin al ao, $1.20.
Aparece todos
a quien lo
Nmero
Issued monthy.
cents.
on request.
informes relativos
The
American commeroial conditions, arrange for purchasing of merchandise, and render any other possible service to its readers. Address all Communications to
24 State Street
Nueva York
New
710
York
IMPORTACIN
venta en comisin de toda clase de productos sudamericanos.
la
IMPORTATION
AU
kinds of South-American products.
Nos encargamos de
EXPORTACIN
importadores toda clase de productos norteamericanos.
los
EXPORTATION
AU
kinds of North-American products.
Vendemos directamente a
Desempeamos toda
clase
de comisiones.
Commission business
of all kinds.
Antioquian
Artculos Diversos
Instrumentos de
Ciruga
Jeringas Hipodrmicas Frceps para Arterias Tijeras Porta-agujas
para Droguistas
Cepillos de Dientes
el
Embudos
Frascos Graduados Probetas Platos de Evaporar Aparatos de Extraer Generadores, etc., etc.
Efectos de Caucho Motas para Polvo Botellas para Agua Caliente Artculos de Maniouro Peines Efectos Esmaltados
etc., etc.
Calidad Elevada
Servicio Pronto
Precios Mdicos
Solictese la circular
Fifth Ave..
711
Nueva York,
E. U.
A.
HOTEL THERESA
Sptima Avenida, de la Calle 124 a la 125
En
el
Hrlem
una cuadra de los ferrocarriles elevado y subterrneo Por la puerta pasan tranvas y mnibus para todo Nueva York
Edificio a
prueba de fuego
Refined
Family
and
Transient
Fireproof Hotel
PRECIOS POR DA
SIN alimentacin
Room
Two
Room
Suites
Two
bao,
parlor,
$5.00 and
upward
permanentes.
Comedor en
el
Cocina y
Dining
Excellent Cuisine
,
ofrece doble satisfaccin: la de su ELEGANCIA, recoDOcida en los principales centros de la moda en todo el mundo, y la de su perfecta hechura. Es un calzado hecho por los ms expertos zapateros de Amrica, que han consagrado su vida al estudio y al perfeccionamiento de este arte. En el calzado Regal se encontrar siempre lo mejor en estilo y en hechura, y a un costo menor que el de cualquiera
EL CALZADO REGAL
,"'
otro.
Bsquese
la tienda
donde
se
vende
el
calzado Regal.
CALZADO REGAL
'OXN
712
KOPPEL, DE
Comisionistas
Sus esOficinas en Bogot y Nueva York. pecialidades en mercancas ordinarias son las novedades de todas clases, sobre todo en artFuera culos para seoras y objetos de regalo. de esto, se dedican con atencin especial al
comercio de drogas e instrumentos de ciruga.
Calle 12
Commission
LEN &
Offices
in
GO.
Bogot and
Merchants
New
York.
all
Their
specialties in ordinary
goods are
kinds of
novelties,
sides,
mainly ladies' and gift articles. Bethey give particular attention to the trade in drugs and surgical Instruments.
181 A Twelfth Street
N. 181A
69 Wall
Street
69 Wall Street
Bogot, Colombia
Nueva York
Bogot, Colombia
New York
R.
ECHAVARRIA &
8-10 Bridge
Street,
GIA.
and Exporters
Importadores y Exportadores
Importers
New
Branch
mission.
York City
office of
com-
References:
E.
Presidente:
F.
DREW &
Vicepresidente:
CO.. INC.
Secretairo y Tesorero:
ERNEST
F.
DREW
REGINALD TOBE Y
PRICE OWENS
Importadores
Exportadores
Boston
Comisionistas
Nueva York
Filadelfia
Eecibimos frutos tropicales en consignacin para su venta. Despachamos toda clase de mercancas y productos norteamericanos. Contamos con elementos y facilidades especiales para el buen servicio de los intereses que se nos confen; y nuestra organizacin, con departamentos dirigidos por expertos para atender a los diversos ramos de exportacin e importacin, asegura resultados satisfactorios para nuestros favorecedores.
Oficina principal:
50
J.
100
Altea, Raz
L.
Comerciantes Internacionales
WILLIAM STREET
Comino, Semillas Colombo, Raz
Coloquintidas
IMPORTAMOS Y EXPORTAMOS
Ana en grano
rnica, Flores Belladona, Hojas Benju, Goma
IMPORTAMOS Y EXPORTAMOS
Habas Tonka
Ipecacuana, Raz Jaborandi, Hojas
Nuez Vmica
Olibano,
Goma
Canela en rama
Cardamomo, Semillas
Cebadilla Clavos de especia Coca, Hojas
lada.
Hojas Enebro, Bayas Estramonio Genciana, Raz Goma Arbiga Guaiaco, Resina Habas de San Ignacio
Digital,
granu-
Mirra,
Goma
ESCRIBANOS
713
GABINETE DENTAL
DEL
DOCTOR
A.
ANDRADE
Esta ilustracin representa el Gabinete Dental del Dr. Alejandro Andrade, quien por ms de veinte aos viene ejerciendo su profesin con marcado xito en este centro mundial de Nueva York. Hizo sus primeros estudios en Bogot, Colombia, y fu diplomado por la facultad dental Fu incorporado en el proto-odontolgico de esta metrde aquella ciudad en el ao de 1895. Fu nompoli despus de haber obtenido los ttulos universitarios de Filadelfia y Nueva York. brado policlnico del departamento dental del New York Nose, Throat and Lung Hospital. Es miembro activo de la Sociedad del Primer Distrito Dental de Nueva York, de la Sociedad Garrisoniana de Filadelfia y del New York Institute of Dental Technics. Adems de su prctica en operatoria y mecnica dental, presta atencin especial a los tratamientos de Piorrea Alveolares, ciruga oral radiografa y profilaxis de la boca.
anestesia
123
R. A.
PUTNAM
Street,
CO., INC.
YORK, U.S. A.
Caf Blsamos,
etc., etc.
27 Wliam
NEW
IMPORTADORES Y EXPORTADORESCacao,
ESPECIALIDADES:
Cueros de
res, secos
Hacemos
anticipos liberales, basndonos en los precios ms altos del mercado. En casos convenidos abrimos crditos en Blanco.
ABC,
5th,
mejorado
Bankers
Code
'
RApuTco
New York
J.
(Estados Unidos)
como una de
la
las principales
tapa de calorferos de automvil, llaves inglesas Ronson (once herramientas en una), artculos eclesisticos
artsticos
de metal,
etc.
la
muy
demanda
Quiz
el artculo
Mueca Parlante,
ms maravilloso que
haya
visto
muy
que
las piernas
la
cabeza son de
ms pesadas que
las
muecas de materiales
frgiles.
La
casa tendr
mucho gusto en
GEO. H.
180
ROSENBLATT
dos Unidos
United States
Trato lionrado Precios econmicos Paquetes de muestras desde $5 hasta $500 Vase mi rengln antes de colocar pedidos en otra partePidan ahora, y con seguridad repetirn
714
el
pedido
templado y acero
Artculos de peltre
Inhaladores de mentol
Cepillos de dientes
Artculos de botica
y para
hospitales
Precios econmicos
S.
254-56
Importadores - Cosecheros
Importamos y exportamos toda
clase de
:
Molineros - Exportadores
Calidad, Precios
y Se vicio inmerjorables y
de precios semanales.
BROOKS UNIFORM
143-145
CO.
of
NEW YORK
Fabricantes de uniformes de toda todo para el ejrcito y la polica.
clase,
sobre
al
Manufacturers
Comercio
interior
al
y de exportacin, tanto
por menor.
both wholesale
Representante en Colombia:
RAL RESTREPO,
bogot
MISS
Ofrece sus servicios
lias
ANITA
E.
KNIGHT
como
intrprete a fami-
que hablan espaol, para acompaar a las Tiene seoras a compras, teatros, etc., etc. recomendaciones de personas honorables. 305 West 138th
Telfono:
Street
Offers Services as Spanish interpreter and to accompany Spanish-speaking ladies to do shopping and traveling in and out of city. Offers
honorable references.
805 W. 138th
Telephone:
Street
Audubon 7129
Audubon 7129
Nueva York
715
New York
ndice INDEX
departamentos
&
Avella-Nouvrac,
Fbrica de Fsforos
250 233 242 225 242 252 241 244 252 249 231 252
Eamn
J.
Maldonado,
B
&
Martnez Llano
McEwen,
Medelln
Julio.
Talabartera
.-
Ca.
Banco de Sucre
Botica Coln.
Jos Torres M Cano, Antonio Librera y Papelera Cardona, Carlos E. Fbrica de Chocolates
J.
223 235 241 246 252 239 253 229 238 224 246 248 253
.".
Mejia A., Flix Merino e Hijos, Laureano Meyerheim, Harold B Minas de Vendecabezas, Gimo y Torito Montoya, Manuel J
Morales, Fernando.
' '
Chapinero "
Moreno, Hernando
Caro, Emilio
254 253 249 204 253 252 251 232 253 251 253 251 251 252 245 245 236 248 244 251
251 233 254
252 248 240 231 250
Colombia. Eevista semanal Commercial Bank of Spanish America, Ltd Compaa Industrial de Cemento Antioqueo
'
' '
Corral, Jos
M.
del.
Almacn
Olarte A. e Hijos, Luis Olarte, Vlez & Ca. Agencia de Construcciones Ortiz & Ca. Fbrica de Cigarrillos
Ingls
Osorio, ngel
Cuartas C, Isaas
QoEVEDo &
Ca.,
Emilio
Fbrica
'251
de Cigarrillos
238 227
247 234 237 246 219 220 236
FBRICA de Galletas y Confites Fbrica de Tejidos Hernndez Farmacia Central Farmacia de Eestrepo y Pelez
Ferrocarril de Amaga Ferrocarril de Antioquia
Fundicin Estrella.
Escobar,
Pars. Jess A. Merino Sandinos & Ca Snchez M., Len Sastrera Americana. H. Eobledo Sociedad de Guaca
Saln
&
Ca
Londoo & Ca
Galvis
&
Ca., Julio
Grtner, Fabio y Jorge Geografa Ilustrada de Colombia Gil, Gil J Gmez Martnez, Carlos Guaca, Sociedad de
Hijo
de
Juan
C.
Toro & Ca
Hermano
WoLFl",
Germn
Yepes, Manuel
Jaramillo,
J.
253
Eaf ael
.Jaramillo Martnez, J.
Zarkol
246
ATLNTICO
p. P.
Cortssoz, Ernesto
'.
Abjona
S.,
Eicardo.
Gran
Fbrica de Jabones
"La Cubana"
270
269 256
Crdito Mercantil
260 266
271 261
Banco Dugand
Barranquilla
Carbonell, Abel
Cervecera de Barranquilla
258 265
Empresa de Vapores
F. Prez Rosa
262
719
ATLNTICO
FBRICA de Jabones La Costea " Fbrica de Tejidos de Punto Fbrica de Tejidos Obiegn Farmacia Nacional Farmacia y Droguera Insignares Fuenniayor & Ca., L. B
' '
Continuacin
..
Continued
P.
^.
272 270
258 268 264 263 269
EODRGUEZ, Cruz B. de
258 267
Vizcano, Francisco
272 272
BOLVAR
Banco de Bolvar
Banco Industrial Baos V., Juan de Dios
Bernett y Crdova, Hal
277 278 294 289
Cartagena
Cumplido, Hermgenes
Mainero y Trueco, J. B Martelo M., Samuel Martnez & Ca., Diego Meluk, A. & T Mndez M., Eafael Mercado, Manuel A
Padrn, Francisco Pateruina, Urbano
Prez, Jos de Jess
Posada, Francisco
Quintero
A.,
Eugenio
El
Porvenir
Elias, Arturo
Emiliani,
N.Fbrica
de Cigarrillos
Fuentes
L., J.
Tinoco, Mximo
282
297 294 296 289
Nicols
VLEZ, Andrs
Vlez,
Simn
Instituto Politcnico
Walters, M.
La poca La Palma
Zakzuk
e Hijo,
294
BOYAC
Aguirre Hermanos Almacn de Hoy
318 311
309 320 319
320 317 316 318 306 317 320 320 319 311
319 320 306 317 315 306
Banco de Boyac
Bentez, Jess Bernal, J. J
Obando
Chiquinquir
312 310 316 317 308 318 311 318 311 319 320 320
310 307
G.
Hermanos
Droguera Central
Droguera Internacional de Chiquinquir
Rincn, Eva
Rincn, Humberto
La Linterna
Librera Minerva Librera y Papelera Colon Lpez, Carlos Florentino
CALDAS
Almacn Americano
ngel & Ca Arias R. & Ca. Pablo
333 339 334
329 339
720
CALDAS
ECHBVEERI, R.
Continuacin
p.
Continued
R.,
& E
337 337 338 339 328 338 335 339 339 325 332 321 336
Montoya
Pereira
Manuel
P. 338 339
Gallego,
Ramn
Elias
.
Piedrahita Hermanos
&
Ca
334 329
339 332
339 330
Gmez
Salazae
A
Ca
Uribe
C. Vallejo
&
331
339 339 336
Manizales
Meja M., Abel Meja & Ca., Alberto Meja & Ca., Bernardo
Velsquez,
Villegas, J. Carlos
CAUCA
POPATN
P. 341
CUNDINAMARCA
Almacn Napoli
Aeevedo, Luis Aconcha & Ca guila Negra Editorial Albornoz, R Alford, E. Aljure & Ca
,.
Amig
ngulo A., Jorge Anzola E., Jorge Arboleda y Valencia
Ariza, A.
Arroyo
E.,
Arzays,
A A A
i
441 405 450 443 470 437 481 371 441 447 489 424 486 444 456 486 399 388 449 403 453 361 363 362 448 480 451 471 489 446 345 366 440 456 488
Compaa del Ferrocarril del Pacfico Compaa del Molino La Unin " Compaa General de Seguros
' '
Correa Laverde,
Cueto
&
Ca.,
Curiche, Hacienda
360 414 364 435 470 393 456 445 449 494
Chipaut
Depsito Industrial Daz, M. A Di Prisco Hnos. y Cceres Droguera Americana Droguera Bogot Droguera Colombiana Droguera Unin Duarte D., J
Duperly, E.
488
440 438 422 479 432 432 450 493 426 425 483 401 410 433 398 391 461 409 467 481 494 415 470 437 379 402 483 421 489 480 486 394 439 404 483 444 448 492 457 442 471 468 469 360 492
V
A
Banco Hipotecario
Barragn,
Barrios
N
Caballero
Espectador
Gallo Grfico
&
Urbano
R
'
Gran Secreto
Mosaico
Nuevo Tiempo
Paraso
Parque Rabanal
Callamand,
Carrillo, E.
F A
&
Ca
Castro,
A A
Caycedo O., Cspedes E., E Clement Lion Colegio de SanBartolom Colegio Europeo de Idiomas Compaa Colombiana de Seguros Compaa Colombiana de Tabaco Tequendama " Compaa de Chocolates Compaa de Energa Elctrica Compaa de Luz y Molino Moderno
' '
484 456 456 382 454 370 385 463 465 492 427 462 482 489 448 395 455 365 417 418 377 460
Tiempo
Trabajo Vaticano
Enciso, Floro
FBRICA de Plvoras
Facatativ
Franco y Sehmedling
721
CUNDINAMARCA
p.
Continuacin
Continued
P.
Gabinete de Peluquera
Galera Lafayette Galindo, G
Gamboa, C
Gares,
E
H.,
Garca
Garzn Huos
Gil Blas
Girardot
Glauser, P.
A
& Moros E P
J
Ca.,
Mutis
P., P., E.,
y Ca
y
455 422 439 455 456 456 387 400 474 449 443 429 468 452 424 407 463 463 461 414 446, 489
P
' '.
Medina Hnos
Mndez, L Montoya, Patino Mora, E
Morales,
&
Ca
R
C.
Munayar,
P
:
374 489 486 462 442 493 471 451 451 434 478 468 473
372 441 428 452 481 493 359 484 479 465 438 438 454 417
Narvez & Ca
Nassar & Hnos.,
Nieto,
J.
A L
Nieto C,
491 446 465 455 428 487 440 465 469 443 412 412 473 448 438 413 482 466 477 466 472 453 397
461 465 491 383
Omopi, Hacienda
Ordez, A Ordez, J. J Orquesta Velasco Ortega, H Osorio A., A Ospina & Ca
Pacho
Pez e Hijo, J. B Pez Gonzlez, S Pez G. de Mone, S
."
Panadera Boyacense
Parra, G Patino, A
Pedroza
E.,
Instantneas
Instituto de
La
Salle
Peluquera Espaola Peluquera Fgaro Pea, P. A Pea Snchez, J Peraza, E. B Pildoras Andinas Pineda Hnos. y Ca
Pinilla,
1 F.
Pizano y Ortiz
Platn,
E Prtela, E
Ponce,
La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La
(Chocolates)
Roja
Holanda
Industria Harinera
Maison Dore
Marsellesa
Palma
Patria
Laf aurie,
Landinez
V
e Hijo,
M
E
Litografa Colombia
Londoo Lpez y
G.,
Ca.,
P.
420 437 436 445 416 449 380 378 413 418 485 410 411 419 359 484 420 376 469 406 439 472 381 411 456 484 416 493 433 425 430
Posada y Tobn, G
Pradilla y Ca.,
Prieto,
490 445 447 406 430 444 461 462 452 468 450 450 460 462 494 451 469 463 427 423 487 470 415 429 446 482 439
396 435 408 493 456 441 369 445 453 454 437 460 357 389
Qdijano,
Beyes Otero,
A B
T
Sabana de Bogot Samper Matiz San Agustn y El Limonal (Haciendas) San Miguel (Hacienda) San Nicols (Hacienda)
Sanabria y
Ca.,
Toms
;
464 472, 489 467 467 455 444 447 431 432 489
722
p. 454 436
P.
Valencia
& Vargas
Alfredo Vctor
Valenzuela,
Tamayo y Fonnegra
Tapicera Americana
Vargas
V.,
Tequendama
Thoriu
Torres, Touehet,
& Goubert J. G
Trujillo, V.
A
Ca
Turriago
&
384 453 392 431 358 373 469 368 456 434
Vsquez Hermanos
Vega
S.,
Romn
Vergara Hermanos
Vidiella & Ca Vieira & Ca VUa e Hijos, Guillermo ViUa, Cipriano VoUaire, Mario
455 426 421 478 440 442 482 386 416 375 478 483 372 441 486
Uribe
& Duque
Urrutia, J. Francisco
447 484
423
WlLLS
Pradilia,
Vaidiri, Daniel
Zapata, Antonio
HUILA
Droguera Americana
Droguera Internacional
499 497
Neiva
496 498
La Opinin
498
Turbat, Pedro
498
MAGDALENA
Agua Mineral Depurativa
El Ensayo
Jirocasaca (Hacienda)
509
510
509 503
Valencia, M.
A A
Santa Marta
Trout, William
Yanet, Andrs
ZIGA, M. A.
508 502
508
NARIO
Pasto 514
NORTE DE SANTANDER
AcosTA, Antonio Alvarado, Luis A
Arenas,
Ramn
Arocha y Ca
562 548 546 534 544 555 563 535 547 533 546 531 530 546 526 571 543 529 521 563 566
543 567 534 536 532 565
Farmacia Central
Farmacia Montaez Farmacia y Droguera Unin
Pebres Cordero, Luis Fernndez, Andrs B Ferrocarril de Ccuta Fotografa Cabrales
Garca, Jos del Carmen Garca PadiUa, Isaac
Banco
de Pamplona Barroso, Gonzalo Bayona A., Jos S Botica Cucutea Botica del Norte
Gmez
Cabrera, Manuel
Clavijo,
D.,
Marco
M.
Compaa Elctrica
Convencin
Corts, Luis Ernesto Cristo & Ca., Jorge
Ideas
Industria Harinera
565 544 558 568 545 547 534 563 534 569 532 547 543 555 536 536 543
Ccuta
Chamie, Flix
Damasco
El
Cacique
La Alianza La Caldera (Hacienda) La Copa de Oro La Estrella La Mascota La Oriental La Perla La Tarde Lamus e Hijos, J. M
Larotta, Hctor Locera y Vidriera Santander
Luxemburgo
Marciales & Ca Mogolln, Samuel
723
562 528
542
556 566
OcAA
Osorio P.,
San Luis
Pamplona
Parra
Ca Peralta, Milcades Picn & Ayala
&
538 548 547 533 569 560 536 527 570 542 561 537
Tallee de Carpintera Tarqui Sport Club Teatro Municipal Trujillo, Jos del C
XJjUETA Hermanos
Ramos, Avelino
Riboli
&
Ca
Ca.,
&
Ca
ZuEEK Hermanos
SANTANDER
Abeil Hermanos Alaren y Camacho
Aljuri & Hermano, Almacn Italiano Ardila, Carlos J
Arguello, Alcibades
Azuero Hermanos
581 587 608 607 600 581 625 590 593 601 619 599 579 594 608 586 603 586 602 588 585 596 626 606 589
591 623 607 625 623 607 607
Bucaramanga
MLAGA
Mantilla,
Vctor
NovoA, Pedro E.
Compaa Colombiana de Mutualidad Compaa de Navegacin del Lebrija Compaa Harinera de Santander
Concepcin
Oedez Hermanos
Otero,
Temstocles
Chlela Hermanos
Chedraui
&
Korgi.
Pallie & Ca Penagos Hnos Pilonieta, Leonardo Planta Elctrica de Mlaga Puyana Hermanos & Ca., David
Regimiento de Infantera
El
Liberal
San
Gil
(Haciendas)
Talleres de Mecnica
Teatro de Variedades Tipografa Mercantil
PBEICAS Claussen de Aguas Gaseosas Fbrica de Sombreros Farmacia Central Flrez Daza, Samuel
Forero
GrAECA,
Cota,
Pedro Joaqun
Villamizar Hermanos
Zapatoca
TOLIMA
Ambalema
Anzola Csseres, Miguel
641 636 635 636 631 636 633
636
B. S Castro Zorrilla, J. Joaqun Cullar T., Deogracias
Castro,
Balneario de Tvoli
Barrios Varn, Elvira Bonilla, J. Ulpiano Botero Hermanos Botica Internacional
Chalita, Jos
Duque Hurtado, F
El Triunfo
Elasmar, A.
Caicedo, Jentil
& M. David
724
TOLIMA
Escobar Hermanos
Continuacin
Continued
P.
639 633
Neira, Maximiliano
632
Farmacia y Droguera
-636
Granada
H:, Eafael
Grazt, Eafael
Mara
634 634
637
Quijano Gmez,
A
.
633
Eamrez
S.,
Eugenio
Honda
Ibagu Imprenta de
la Dicesis
Eestrepo,
Humberto
632 633
636 636 636 635
'
630 632
635
Jimnez, Flix
La
Patria
632 641
636 635 635 640 639
634 635
631
640 636 636 640
Martnez M., Cristbal Melendro, Mariano, y Carvajal, Moreno G., Luis Mariano
H
Alberto
L.
Naffa
H., Farid
Ca.,
Navarro &
Bernardo.
.'
&
Piedrahita
Cali.
La La La La
Palma
Lalinde
&
Giraldo
J
G
Burckhardt, Federico
654 673 671 686 678 684 694 659 667 643 676 670 669 661 647 693 670 649 665 694
de
Jaramillo
Lpez
&
Ca.,
Lozano, Jos
657 694 669 687 663 660 690 693 694 660 694
672 690 691 668 650 677 694
Modesto Cabal Pombo, Camilo Calero S., Marceliano Calero S., Miguel
Cabal,
Cali
Magaa, Toms
Mejia D. & Ca., Tiberio Meja & Ca., Pablo
Menotti, Alfonso Menotti, Francisco Monedero A., Julio
'.
655 694 692 694 670 655 664 689 671 668 681 691 658 691 667 688 685 694 692 693 679 680 694 661
669 672 658 666
Chambery
Quintero, Emilio
Dez, J. de D. 669
El Mar Eojo
El Eecreo
Escarria,
Luis F.
668 689 669 651 694 663 665 668 683 672 647 653 656 686 692 666 682 664
Eamrez, Horacio Eamrez & Ca Eengif o Sanclemente, 1 Eenjifo C, Eafael Eodrguez Hermanos Eomero, Nstor Eoux, Eodolf o de
Saavedra, Alberto Saavedra, Alfonso Saavedra, Julio
.'
Garcs, Jorge Garcs Patino, Alejandro Garca Sierra & Mercado Gil, Pedro V
Gonzlez G., Bernardo Gran Club de Cali Guerrero & Ca Guzmn D., Apolinar
Saavedra
S.,
Isaas
'
'
'
Salazar M., Daniel Salcedo C, Eodolf o Salcedo, Lucio Sann J., Alfredo Santander, Juan
\\ \\
'_
Taller de Zapatera Tobn A., Luis Tobn & Ca Toro & Ca., Luis E
Uribe Concha
\\ \\
'\
Ca
&
Pinedo
Hormaza Hermanos
Jaramillo e Hijos, F. F.
Jimnez, Gonzalo Jordn, Arcesio
692
694 662
691 670
'riiy:
jV-.y-^ '-'-''