Introduction
The past decade has seen a growing demand for health professionals to take better account of patients religious beliefs and establish links with faith based organizations as partners in health and welfare science. (Mental Health Foundation National Institute for mental health England,2003). However although psychiatry and religion share similar concerns their relationship has seldom been harmonious with, perhaps just cause for suspicion on both side. There is need for dialogue and mutual understanding.
It is clear that faith based organizations and their clergy are contacted by people with mental health problems often in preference to consulting psychiatric professionals. Broadly speaking
Aim
1. Study the concept of Jinn (Ghost) and Jadu
Setting
Mental Health Center Padegaon
Aurangabad (M.S)
: 54
Data Collection
1. Structured interview containing.
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Demographic data. Religious knowledge. Basic knowledge of Islam. Whether follow rituals and prayers on regular basis. No. of Traditional Healers visited. Advices and diagnosis given by T.H Method of treatment by T.H.
99
87 98 107 105 97 96 104 98 90 100 90 Total - 1171
32
29 57 48 41 42 35 54 48 41 42 52 Total - 521
67
58 41 59 64 55 61 50 50 49 58 38 Total - 650
Age 11 20
01
Age 21 30
01 04 04
Age 31 40
Age 41 50
Age 51 60
Age 61 - 70
(02) (09) 04 42 25 07 02 12 08 04 01
17 08
10 04
01 01
02 02 02
Addiction
Mental Retardation Epilepsy
02
02
02
01
02
01 01 03 06 02 01 01 01
02
1.
Study the concept of jinn (ghost) and Jadu (black magic) in Muslim psychiatric patients.
a. At our center about 40%patients are Muslims. b. I have essential knowledge about Islam. c. Psychiatrist are expected to have adequate knowledge
1 2
Effect of Jinn, Black Magic Effect of Jinn, Black Magic, In 3 patients made no diagnosis
01 01
01 04
00 04
02
02
00
F : 20 Schizophrenia
12
24
06
F : 32 Depressive Disorder
07
13
07
F : 10 Addiction
03
01
03
F : 70 Mental Retardation
01
01
00
F : 44 Epilepsy
Effect of Jinn,
00
01
00
F : 30 Hypomania
02
03
01
10
00
02
00
Sr. No 1
ICD-10
F : 44.5 Dissociative Conversion
F : 23 Acute Psychotic Episode F : 31 Manic Depressive Disorder F : 20 Schizophrenia F : 32 Depressive Disorder
Sex
M: 01 M: 04
F: 03
M: 01
F: 18 F: 12
M: 24 M: 13
6 7
Effect of Jin & Black Magic, Effect of Jin & Black Magic,
F: 00 F: 01 F: 01 F: 05 F: 00
M: 07 M: 01 M: 00 M: 01 M: 02
Effect of Jinn,
9 10
1
2 3 4
02
09 04 42
01
01 02 12
01
04 02 24
00
04 00 06
5
6 7 8
F : 32 Depressive Disorder
F : 10 Addiction F : 70 Mental Retardation F : 44 Epilepsy
25
07 02 01
07
03 01 00
13
01 01 01
05
03 00 00
9
10
F : 30 Hypomania
OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) Total
08
02 100
02
00 29
05
02 52
01
00 19
56%
17%
27%
To study the different methods used by traditional healers to treat psychiatric disorders.
1. In our study we found that traditional healers used some common methods for treatment of different psychological disorders.
Material given by Traditional Healers to Patients for protection from Jinn (Ghost) & Effect of Jadu (Black Magic)
Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Taweez Water of prayer Lemons Eye drops of Lemon juice Rose water Sarsoon Oil Eggs Abdominal organs of dead girl Black cloth Contains
10
11 12
Sugar
Camphor Taweez made up of silver plate
To study the different methods used by traditional healers to treat psychiatric disorders
a. Commonly traditional healers (T.H) give taweez to wear in neck or tie around waist or to burn and take smoke of it or drink water in which Taweez is dissolved. b. Lemon juice to use as eye drops,to throw in a particular area, cut selected numbers of lemon over the head, to keep in rooms, under pillows, c. Using white cock, black crow, abdominal organs like liver, kidney, to treat these patients.
d.
e.
Sr. No.
ICD10
Different Method used by faith healers to treat Psychiatric Disorders Advised Taveez for wearing, Advised Taveez for wearing, Advised Taveez for wearing,
Given Glass of water on which faith healer red something, puts lemon juice in eyes,
No. of Pts
Age
Average
Qualification Average
25 years
Literate Illiterate
Tenth
45
20 years
asked take bath from water of different wells, mixing rose water
Advised Taveez for wearing, to keep Taveez below pillow, cutting lemon all over the patients body, used oil of
31
22 years
Ninth
sersoon Advised Taveez for wearing, given water for drinking, advised to take smoke of Taveez, cutting lemon all over the patients body, given boiled egg Used Taveez to drink in milk, advised to bring Kidney of dead girl, owl, black sindoor
42
24 18
25 years
Tenth
F : 32 Depressive Disorder
13 pts effect of Jinn, 5 pts effects of Black Magic, 7 pts made no diagnosis
Advised Taveez for wearing to tie on waist To take smoke of Taveez, to drink a glass of water on which he read something, lemon to eat, eggs, black cloth, sugar for eating, bath 4 Fridays regularly
25
13 12
30 years
Tenth
F : 10 Addiction
3 pts effect of black magic, 3 pts made no diagnosis, 1 pts effect of Jinn
Taveez to wear, to burn, to take smoke, water for drinking, using cloths, candles
70
25 years
Tenth
F : 70 Mental Retardation
Taveez for wear, Taveez made of silver plate, written Arabic words, advised to bring goat, cock, eggs,
11
20 years
Literate
F : 44 Epilepsy
Effect of Jinn
01
35 years
Seventh
F : 30 Hypo Mania
3 pts effect of Jinn, 2 pts effect of Black Magic, 1 pts made no diagnosis
Taveez for wear, Taveez used in drinking water, cutting lemon all over the body, rubs ash on body, tie Taveez on waist,
15
25 years
Eighth
10
20
15 years
Tenth
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Metal ring
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Taweez
Contents of Taweez
Most of the Taweez
contain numbers, Arabic words, names of angels, soil, grass, plain scented papers.
Result :
Among psychiatric patients 100% patients and there relatives have faith on Jinn (Ghost) and Jadu (Black magic) as a cause of mental
illness. All patients had faith on Allah, prayers and healing power
of prayers. A vast majority of patients did prayers and rituals on regular basis. In our study all patients(100%) went to traditional healers.
Among these 100 patients who are suffering from different psychiatric disorders as per ICD-10,traditional healers diagnosed 52 patients as Jinn effect, 29 patients under the influence of black magic and for 19 patients no diagnosis was made.
These results shows that there is deep rooted faith and belief in Ghost and Black magic as a cause of mental illness in Muslim patients, it is because in holy Quran there are number of verses about existence of Jinn, but after reviewing (Quran) it is not proved that a Jinn can cause symptoms describe by faith healers in their
diagnosis, and one can get control over Jinn or use Jinn
for his desired work.
1st Edition
2nd Edition
Black magic was done in the period of Solomon (PBUH) and Moses (PBUH) but no definite
In Quran and Hadith (sayings of prophet Mohammed PBUH) there is no method to diagnose the effect of Jinn (Ghost) and Jadu (Black magic). Only different prayers have been recommended by prophet if someone feels that he or his relative is under influence of black magic. There is no place for the methods used by traditional healers which we saw in our study to treat black magic or to remove Jinn effect. In my view it is very important to consider the socio-cultural background and religious concepts of the patients for the
Religion
1. The three great monotheistic religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam
4.
Al-Quran
Al-Quran is a compilation of poetical verses divided into 114
chapters, it is the sacred text of Islam. Muslims believe that in 610 AD the angel Gabriel (A.S.) confronted Mohammed
Al Jinn
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Adam and Ibliss Curse on Ibliss Shaitans Biography Animosity of Shaitan to Man Creation of Shaitan Activities of Shaitan Promises of Shaitan Companion of Shaitan Tribe of Ibliss Party of Shaitan Army of Shaitan Stealing of Information Worshipping of Shaitan Forgetting Allah Orders of Shaitan Jinns and Magic
Exorcism
Demanding Jinn to get out
At Time of anger
Writing of Taweez
Mesopotamian religion
Assyrians Babylonians Labartu Sedu Succubus (Lilitu) Etimmu -
Lamassu Lilitu * Source (S.G.F. Brandom, gen. ed. A Dictionary of comparative religion, London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2nd ed., 1971) p.232)
Mountains, Marshland ambivalent evil & guardian Beautiful nude female Ghosts, who died by Mischance Ambivalent
Indian
Non human spirits
Asuras
Danavas Daityas
Rakshas
Human spirits Ghost Bhuta
Source (Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, (Edition burgh: T, and T. clark, 4th ed, 1959))
5) He incites animosity among people. He enjoys seeing them enemies to one another. 6) He incites hatred so that people start fighting one another. He enjoys seeing them unhappy with one another. 7) He makes people to forget Allah by keeping them busy in the affairs of this world. The more they are preoccupied
10) He makes sure that he does not revel his identity, otherwise people
may shy away from him or even run away. His name scares many people. Hence it is better not to identify himself as Shaitan, jinn, ghost, spirit, etc. 11) He acts as a sneaker. He waits for the moment when people forget Allah, to jump forward, and sneaking acts as an Advisor.
17) He makes sure that people are to worship him. following Shaitan,
means that the person has already submitted himself to his order and come became a slave to him.
18) He tries to control the density of people. Their future hopes and aspirations are re-laid on his instructions, orders and false hopes. 19) He makes sure that he does not revel his name as a ghost, but as a hidden friend wishing them the best.
20) He is a source of distraction for them from worshipping God, and obeying Him. Even during Salat he makes sure to distract them.
21) He creates commotion otherwise his life is miserable. He enjoys seeing people fighting one another. 22) He teaches magic. People have to pledge allegiance to him before teaching any type of magic. The knowledge of magic is to do harm to other people, and especially to husbands and wives.
23) He tries to steal information from outside the orbit. While trying to do so, Allah sends meteorites to burn him and to get rid of him.
24) He pushes people to commit all typea of Haram, immorality and Vulgarity.
Exhaustion
Depression Hypochondriacs Spirit possession
Impotence
Failure to thrive Anorexia Listlessness
Diarrhea
Vomiting Disrupted social relationship Sudden death
When parents choose their love and their family ties. the cornerstone
personality. Shaitan finds it easier to enter the hearts and minds of the
children. He will lead them to wrong places. Hence, he makes them criminals in the society.
Thank You