1

Q. 1: For the rectangular element shown in the figure obtain the coefficient matrix


1
2
3 (1,2)
4
(0,0)
(1,0)
(0,2)

The governing equation is

2 2
2 2
0
T T
x y
c c
+ =
c c


(

11 12 13 4
21 22 23 24
31 32 33 34
41 42 43 45
k k k k
k k k k
K
k k k k
k k k k
(
(
(
=
(
(


1 1 1 1
11
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

1 2 1 2
12
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

3 3 1 1
13
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

1 4 1 4
14
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

2 2 2 2
22
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

3 3 2 2
23
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

2
2 4 2 4
24
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

3 3 3 3
33
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

3 3 4 4
34
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

1 1
(1 )(1 ), 1, 2, 1
2 2
x y y xy
N a b N x
a b
= = = = +
2
(1 )
2
x y xy
N x
a b
= =
3
2
x y xy
N
a b
= =
1
(1 )
2
y x xy
N y
a b
= =
2 2
11
1 5
( (1 ) ( (1 ) 0.8333
2 2 6
s
y
k x dxdy
| |
( (
= + = = |
( (
|

\ .
}}

>>int((int((diff(N1,x)^2+diff(N1,y)^2),x,0,1)),y,0,2)=5/6

>>
12
K = int((int((diff(N1,x)*diff(N2,x)+diff(N1,y)*diff(N2,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2)= -7/12
= -0.5833
>>
13
K =int((int((diff(N1,x)*diff(N3,x)+diff(N1,y)*diff(N3,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2)= -5/12
= -0.4167
>>
14
K =int((int((diff(N1,x)*diff(N4,x)+diff(N1,y)*diff(N4,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2)= 1/6
=0.1667
>>
22
K =int((int((diff(N2,x)*diff(N2,x)+diff(N2,y)*diff(N2,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2)= 5/6
=0.8333
>>
23
K =int((int((diff(N2,x)*diff(N3,x)+diff(N2,y)*diff(N3,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2)= 1/6
=0.1667
>>
24
K =int((int((diff(N2,x)*diff(N4,x)+diff(N2,y)*diff(N4,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2)= -5/12
= -0.4167
>>
33
K =int((int((diff(N3,x)*diff(N3,x)+diff(N3,y)*diff(N3,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2) =5/6
= 0.8333
>>
34
K =int((int((diff(N3,x)*diff(N4,x)+diff(N3,y)*diff(N4,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2)= -7/12
= -0.5833
>>
44
K =int((int((diff(N4,x)*diff(N4,x)+diff(N4,y)*diff(N4,y)),x,0,1)),y,0,2)= 5/6
= 0.8333
3
0.8333 0.5833 0.4167 0.1667
0.8333 0.1667 0.4167
0.8333 0.5833
0.8333
K
(
(

(
=
(
(




Q. 2: For the element in problem 1, using numerical integration find out coefficients K
11
,
K
33
.

Solutions: -

Converting the given element to natural co-ordinates

q
1 (-1,-1) 2 (1,-1)
3 (1,1)
4 (-1,1)



The transformation equations are

c
x
x x a
y y b

q
= +
= +


d a d and d d . x y b q = =

Jacobian

1 1 1
1 1 1
N N x y N
x y
N N N x y
x y

q q q
c c c c c (
(
c c c c c

(
=
`
c c c c c (

(

c c c c c
)


4
1
1
1
1
N x y
N
x
N
N x y
y

q q q
c c c ( c
(

c c c
c
(
=
` `
c
c c c (

(
c
c c c
) )


x y
J
x y

q q
c c (
(
c c
(
=
c c (
(
c c



1
1
1
1
N
N
x
J
N
N
y

q
c c


c
c
=
` `
c
c

c
c
)
)


1
1
1
1
1
N
N
x
J
N
N
y

c c


c
c
=
` `
c
c

c
c
)
)


0
0
x y
a
J
x y b

q q
c c (
(
c c (
(
= =
(
c c (

(
c c



1
1
1
1
0
0
0 1
0
x y
a
a
J
x y b
b

q q

c c (
(
(
(
c c (
(
= = = (
(
c c (
(
(
(
c c




1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
N
N
x
a
N
N
y
b

q
c c
(


(
c
c
= (
` `
c
c
(

(
c
c
)
)




5
1 1 1 1
11
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}


1 1 1 1
11
1 1 1 1
( )
s
N N N N
k a bd d
a a b b
q
q q
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}


1
1 1
1
(1 )(1 ),
4
1 1
(1 ), (1 )
4 4
N
N N
q
q
q
=
c c
= =
c c


1 1 1 1
11
2 2
1 1 1 1
( )
1 1
(1 ) (1 )
4 4
s
S
N N N N
k a bd d
a a b b
a bd d
a b
q
q q
q q
c c c c
= +
c c c c
(
| | | |
= +
(
| |
\ . \ .
(

}
}


2
2
11
1 1 1
(1 ) (1 ) 1
1
4 1 2
4
2
S
k d d q q
(
| |
(
|
| |
( = +
| |

\ . (
|

(
\ .

}


( ) ( )
2 2
11
1 1
(1 ) (1 )
8 4
S
k d d q q
(
= +
(

}
=0.8333


Now by Gauss quadrature method,


( ) ( )
1 1
4
1
1 1
, d d ,
i i i
i
f w f q q q
=

=

} }



i
weights
( , ) Gauss points
i
i
w
q
=
=

For four point gauss quadrature method
1,4
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
( , ) ( , ), ( , ), ( , ), ( , )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
i
i i
w
q
=
=
=


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , f , f , f , f , f d d f
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1 -
3
1
3
1 -
1
1
1
1
+ + + + = q q


} }
---- (1)
6



( ) ( )
2 2
11
1 1
(1 ) (1 )
8 4
S
k d d q q
(
= +
(

}


( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 - , f
2
4
1
2
+ q = q


Using equation (1),

( ) 11 . 3 533 . 2 8 . 0 223 . 0
8
1
K
11
+ + + =
= 0.833



3 3 3
33
( )
s
N N N N
k dxdy
x x y y
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

1 1 1 1
11
1 1 1 1
( )
s
N N N N
k a bd d
a a b b
q
q q
c c c c
= +
c c c c
}

3
3 3
1
(1 )(1 ),
4
1 1
(1 ), (1 )
4 4
N
N N
q
q
q
= + +
c c
= + = +
c c

3 3 3 3
33
2 2
1 1 1 1
( )
1 1
(1 ) (1 )
4 4
s
S
N N N N
k a bd d
a a b b
a bd d
a b
q
q q
q q
c c c c
= +
c c c c
(
| | | |
= + + +
(
| |
\ . \ .
(

}
}

2
2
33
1 1 1
(1 ) (1 ) 1
1
4 1 2
4
2
S
k d d q q
(
| |
(
|
| |
( = + + +
| |

\ . (
|

(
\ .

}

( ) ( )
2 2
33
1 1
(1 ) (1 )
8 4
S
k d d q q
(
= + + +
(

}
=0.8333

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1
4
f , 1 1 q q = + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
-1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
33
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1
f , f , f , f , f ,
8
k

= + + + + =0.8333