3.

( )
.
L, R
.


.

1cm
=

1 l
R A

[1]

, , R
, l A .
Ohm -1 , mho S (Siemens),
ohm -1 cm-1 , mho cm -1 S cm -1 .

Wheatstone
( Kelvin).


Wheatstone, Kohlrausch, 1.

1.
Kohlrausch.

RX R2

R1
R3

[2]

 [2] .
'

'
l/A
. Wheatstone
.

,
().

500 3000 Hz.

.

, .
.

.

.

l/A.
R
,
. , [1]

.


,
, ,
.

.,
.
,

, , .

, ,

,
.


(cmc).

(
)

.

:
nS

(n-p)Na +

p-

[3]

n (
), .
10 150
, p (n-p)
(
Stern).

.


. cmc
, ,

. cmc

.
2.

:
1.
.
2. ,
( 3), .


.
3.

.

-1

(mho cm )

cmc

C (M)

2.
.

cmc

2.

.


.

KCl.
mho cm -1 ,
KCl , 0,1 0,01,
18, 20 25 o C.
18oC
0,1 Cl
0,01 M KCl

0,01119
0,00122

20oC

25oC

0,01167
0,00128

0,01288
0,00141

l/A
0,01 0,1 KCl
.
'


( 1).
( cm -1 ).

. ,
, ,
'
. E o

.
= - o

[4]

.


. ,
, , ,
.

.


250ml
2% w/w (C 12 H 24 OSO 3 Na, SDS)
.
0.05% w/w 100ml,
150ml. M
.
50ml 10 2,5ml
(2%)
. 10ml
. SDS
( )
.

C, R .
-C
.
SDS.