HUAWEI Confidential
Foreword
The survey and layout of BTS is the basis of construction for radio mobile network. It has the following functions: Showing the system design of the network planning Determining the structure of future network Determining the quality of network operation Thus, the proper survey and layout of BTS can ensure the installation, maintenance, and network planning.
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Purpose
After learning this course, you should be familiar with:
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Contents
Chapter 1 Service Description
Chapter 2 Preparation
Chapter 3 Site Selection Chapter 4 Antenna Design Chapter 5 Survey Document
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Service Description
Survey purpose
Collect the site information required by the networking planning and environment description. Check whether the site meets the requirements of construction.
Survey task
Optical test Surrounding architecture environment and nature environment Spectrum measurement Electromagnetic environment Site check
Service Description
Position of BTS survey in the network planning
According to width of band, determine frequency multiplex mode According to capacity forecast, traffic distribution, and coverage
Network hierarchy structure, transmit power, antenna system, including the type, height, direction, and down tilt of antenna
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Service Flow
Radio network estimation report
Site information
No
Whether there is a site
No Yes
Whether conforming site condition
No
Site survey
Yes
Survey report
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Yes
Contents
Chapter 1 Service Description
Chapter 2 Preparation Chapter 3 Site Selection Chapter 4 Antenna Design Chapter 5 Survey Document
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Preparation
Be familiar with the engineering and collect the materials that is
related to the project : Engineering document Background material Network status Map Configuration list
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Preparation
Prepare the following tools that are
Laptop
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Preparation
Survey preparation coordination meeting
Before survey, call in all the relative personnel to hold the survey preparation coordination meeting. The main contents of this meeting are listed as follows:
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Contents
Chapter 1 Service Description
Chapter 2 Preparation
Chapter 3 Site Selection Chapter 4 Antenna Design Chapter 5 Survey Document
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Site Selection
After completing preparation and knowing about the coverage
requirements, start to select site. When confirming the site, consider the following information:
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Principle
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Construct BTS on the ideal position of a cell. The offset should not exceed the of coverage radius. Under the condition of the BTS layout is not affected, choose the existing equipment to reduce the construction cost and period as possible . To control the coverage range, reduce the difficulty of engineering construction, and be convenient for maintenance, do not choose the sites on the mountain that is on the border of the city or suburb. (the relative altitude to the city: beyond 100m300m)
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Contents
Chapter 1 Service Description
Chapter 2 Preparation Chapter 3 Site Selection Chapter 4 Antenna Design Chapter 5 Survey Document
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Selecting Antenna
Selecting Antenna
quality, traffic distribution, landform, coverage in the entire network, and interference, to select the antenna.
According to landform or traffic distribution, the environment
of using antenna can be categorized into: City, suburb, countryside, highway, mountainous area, offing, tunnel, and indoor environment
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Choose the directional antenna with 6065 half power angle. Choose the antenna with about 15dBi gain. Choose the antenna with 36tilt angle. Choose dual polarization antenna.
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According to actual conditions, choose the directional antenna with 65or 90 half power angle. Choose 1518dBi middling or high gain antenna. According to actual conditions, determine whether the tilt angle should be used. Dual polarization antenna and vertical polarization antenna are both available.
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According to actual conditions, choose 90or 120 directional antenna or omni-directional antenna. Choose directional antenna with 1618dBi gain. Do not choose presetting tilt antenna. Choose null filling antenna for the high BTS. The vertical polarization antenna is recommended.
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highway In general, choose narrow-beam and high-gain directional antenna. According to actual conditions, you also can choose 8-shaped antenna or omni-directional antenna. Because the BTS on the highway must cover a long distance, do not choose the presetting tilt antenna. The vertical polarization antenna is recommended. The front-to-back ratio of the directional antenna should not too great.
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Tunnel shorter than 2 km Install the 10dB-12dB Yagi antenna/log-periodic antenna/flat antenna in the jaws of tunnel to cover a road that is less than 2km.
Tunnel longer than 2 km Use leaky feeder, coaxial cable, and fiber distribution system.
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Antenna Height
the coverage level of the place that nears to the antenna may be lowered, that is, no signal under the power.
In addition, the too high antenna may lead to cross coverage and
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Azimuth Angle
Based on signal coverage, ensure that the azimuth angles of three sectors are the
same. Adjust the azimuth angles of antennas according to important coverage objects on the border of city and suburb, in the traffic artery and isolated site of suburb.
To enhance the signal strength and improve call quality, adjust the major lobe of
frequency cells.
The cross coverage areas of neighboring cells in the city should not exceed 10%.
The cross coverage areas of neighboring cells in the suburb and village should be
not too large. The azimuth angle of neighboring cells should not less than 90.
To avoid cross coverage, do not make the major lobe of antenna face to the
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Tilt Angle
capability.
The antenna tilt technology is used to control coverage scope and
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Tilt Angle
The antenna tilt is categorized into electrical mode and mechanical mode.
The angle of the electrical tilt is relative to the model of antenna. The angle of the mechanical tilt is adjustable, but it is limited by installation accessory and signal transportation. Often the angle should not exceed 15.
The electrical tilt and mechanical tilt have surface radiations that differ with
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Installing Antenna
A. Installation Environment
The installation environment contains the ambient of antenna and that of BTS. For the ambient of antenna, check the isolation between antennas and impacts of tower and roof on antennas. For the ambient of BTS, check whether the high buildings that are 500m away have impacts on signal transportation.
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Installing Antenna
When installing antenna, consider whether the ambient affects the
coverage cell. Keep the antenna away from barriers. If you need to install antenna on the roof, try to install it on the edge.
FREQ
Dm 0 1
GSM 900M
110 1030 30 0 2
GSM 1800M
210 10
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Installing Antenna
B. Antenna Isolation
The receiver and transmitter must have a certain isolation. Isolation between antennas: Attenuation of signal from a antenna port to another GSM system: The isolation between two transmitter antennas and the isolation between the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna should be not fewer than 30dB. Antenna vertical layout: Lv=28+40log(k/)(dB) Antenna horizontal layout: Lv=22+20log(d/)-(G1+G2)(S1+S2)(dB)
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Installing Antenna
C. Requirements for Space of Diversity
When you perform space diversity, the distance between two receiver antennas should be 12 to 18.
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Contents
Chapter 1 Service Description Chapter 2 Preparation Chapter 3 Site Selection Chapter 4 Antenna Design Chapter 5 Survey Document
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Survey Document
Survey report
network planning and network optimization. It is the guarantee of engineering quality and the basis of planning for network capacity. The survey report consists of survey table and memo. The survey table records the longitude and latitude of a BTS, antenna design, and ambient.
Shoot the picture of BTS coverage area in the direction of north. Get eight pictures every 45.
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Survey Table
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Surrounding of BTS
Installation platform
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Thank You
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