DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..............................................................................................

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................................

ii

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................................

iii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................

iv

DAFTAR GRAFIK .........................................................................................................

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ..............................................................................................

1.1. Latar Belakang ..........................................................................................................

1.2. Rumusan Masalah .....................................................................................................

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................................

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ............................................................................................

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ...........................................................................................

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................................

1.4.1. Bagi Siswa/i MAS Al Jamiatul Wasliyah Desa Sei Apung Kecamatan
Tanjung Balai Kabupaten Asahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara ....................

1.4.2. Bagi Pimpinan dan Staff Pengajar Sekolah ..............................................

1.4.3. Bagi Puskesmas Sei Apung ......................................................................

1.4.4. Bagi Dinas Kesehatan ...............................................................................

1.4.5. Bagi Peneliti ..............................................................................................

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .....................................................................................

2.1. Perilaku Kesehatan ...................................................................................................

2.1.1 Pengetahuan ................................................................................................

2.1.2 Sikap ...........................................................................................................

10

2.1.3 Tindakan .....................................................................................................

13

2.2. Definisi HIV/AIDS ...................................................................................................

13

2.2.1 Definisi HIV ...............................................................................................

13

2.2.2. Definisi AIDS ............................................................................................

15

2.3. Patogenesis dan Patofisiologi HIV ...........................................................................

15

2.3.1. Patogenesis ................................................................................................

15

2.3.2 Patofisiologi ...............................................................................................

18

2.4. Cara penularan HIV-AIDS .......................................................................................

20

2.4.1 Transmisi seksual .......................................................................................

20

2.4.2 Transmisi non-seksual ................................................................................

20

2.5. Diagnosis dan Pemeriksaan Infeksi HIV/AIDS ......................................................

21

2.5.1. Diagnosis ...................................................................................................

21

2.5.2 Pemeriksaan ...............................................................................................

23

2.6. Penatalaksanaan Klinis Infeksi HIV/AIDS ............................................................

23

2.6.1. Terapi Antiretroviral .................................................................................

24

2.7. Infeksi Opportunistik dan HIV/AIDS ......................................................................

25

2.7.1. Patogen Penyebab .....................................................................................

25

2.7.2. Penyakit kulit dan mulut ...........................................................................

26

2.7.3. Penyakit Gastrointestinal ..........................................................................

27

2.7.4. Penyakit hepatobilier ................................................................................

28

2.7.5. Penyakit Paru ............................................................................................

29

2.7.6. Penyakit sistem saraf/mata ........................................................................

29

2.7.7. Kondisi diseminata dan lain-lain ...............................................................

29

2.7.8. Profilaksis untuk Infeksi Oportunistik .......................................................

30

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................................

31

3.1. Jenis Penelitian ..........................................................................................................

31

3.2. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .....................................................................................

31

3.2.1. Lokasi Penelitian ........................................................................................

31

3.2.2. Waktu Penelitian ........................................................................................

31

3.3.Sasaran Penelitian ......................................................................................................

31

3.4. Populasi dan Sampel ..................................................................................................

31

3.4.1. Populasi ......................................................................................................

31

3.4.2. Sampel ........................................................................................................

32

3.5. Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................................................

32

3.6. Definisi Operasional ..................................................................................................

32

3.6.1. Variabel Independen ..................................................................................

32

3.6.2. Variable Dependen ....................................................................................

33

3.7. Pengumpulan data .....................................................................................................

34

3.7.1. Data Primer ................................................................................................

34

3.7.2. Data Sekunder ............................................................................................

34

3.8. Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................................................................

34

3.9. Pengolahan dan Analisa Data ...................................................................................

34

3.10. Langkah-langkah Penelitian ...................................................................................

35

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................................

37

4.1. Deskripsi Wilayah Penelitian ...................................................................................

37

4.1.1. Geografis ...................................................................................................

37

4.1.2. Iklim ...........................................................................................................

38

4.1.3. Demografi ...................................................................................................

38

4.1.4. Sex Ratio ....................................................................................................

39

4.2 Deskripsi Puskesmas .................................................................................................

40

4.2.1 Pengertian Puskesmas .................................................................................

40

4.2.2 Fungsi dan Tujuan Puskesmas ....................................................................

41

4.2.3. Visi dan Misi Puskesmas ...........................................................................

42

4.2.4. Azas dan Upaya Penyeenggaraan Puskesmas ........................................

42

4.2.5 Lokasi Puskesmas ........................................................................................

45

4.2.6 Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas ...........................................................................

45

4.2.7. Sasaran Puskesmas Sei Apung ...................................................................

46

4.2.8 Fasilitas Fisik Puskesmas Sei Apung ...........................................................

48

4.2.9 Struktur Organisasi Puskesmas Sei Apung .................................................

50

4.3 Program Puskesmas ....................................................................................................

51

4.4. Deskripsi Sekolah ......................................................................................................

58

4.4.1. Visi dan Misi MAS Al Jamiatul Wasliyah .................................................

58

4.4.1.1 Visi ...............................................................................................

58

4.4.1.2 Misi ...............................................................................................

59

4.5. Karakteristik Responden ...........................................................................................

59

4.5.1 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ......................................

59

4.5.2 Distribusi Responden Menurut Tingkat Pendidikan Orang Tua ...............

60

4.5.3. Distribusi Responden Menurut Status Pekerjaan Orang tua ....................

61

4.5.4. Distribusi Responden Menurut Sumber Informasi .....................................

61

4.6. Perilaku ......................................................................................................................

62

4.6.1. Pengetahuan ...............................................................................................

62

4.6.1.1. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan

Responden Terhadap Definisi HIV ........................................................

62

4.6.1.2. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Tentang

Deifinisi AIDS ............................................................................

63

4.6.1.3. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Tentang

Tempat Hidup HIV di Tubuh Manusia .....................................

64

4.6.1.4. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Tentang

Individu Yang Berisiko Terkena HIV-AIDS ............................

64

4.6.1.5. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Responden

Tentang Cara Penularan HIV-AIDS .........................................

65

4.6.1.6. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Tentang

Gejala Tubuh Jika Terinfeksi HIV .............................................

66

4.6.1.7. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Tentang

Cara Pencegahan Penularan HIV-AIDS ...................................

67

4.6.1.8. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Tentang

Penyembuhan HIV-AIDS Dengan Pengobatan Alternatif .....

68

4.6.1.9. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Tentang

Pencegahan HIV-AIDS Dengan Imunisasi ...............................

68

4.6.1.10. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Tentang

Pemeriksaan Laboratorium HIV-AIDS ...................................
4.6.2. Sikap ...........................................................................................................

69
69

4.6.2.1. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Penggunaan Narkoba Jenis Suntik Tidak
Menularkan HIV-AIDS ..............................................................

70

4.6.2.2. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Berganti-ganti Pasangan Dapat Meningkatkan
Risiko Tertular HIV-AIDS ..........................................................

70

4.6.2.3. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Penularan HIV-AIDS Hanya Dengan
Berhubungan Seks ........................................................................

71

4.6.2.4. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Pelajar Yang Terinfeksi HIV-AIDS Tidak
Boleh Bersekolah ..........................................................................

71

4.6.2.5. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Tidak Akan Berteman Dengan Penderita
HIV-AIDS ....................................................................................

72

4.6.2.6. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Informasi Tentang HIV-AIDS Tidak Perlu
Diberikan Kepada Siswa/i ...........................................................

72

4.6.2.7. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS Adalah Penyakit
Kutukan ......................................................................................

73

4.6.2.8. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Penderita HIV-AIDS Sebaiknya Tidak Dikucilkan

73

4.6.2.9. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Konsultasi Tentang HIV-AIDS Diberikan Di Media
Massa .........................................................................................

74

4.6.2.10. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Menghindari Kontak Fisik Dengan Penderita HIVAIDS Untuk

menghindari Risiko Tertular ...............................

74

4.6.3. Tindakan .....................................................................................................

75

4.6.3.1. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Penderita HIV-AIDS Yang Bertempat Tinggal Dilingkungan
Sekitar ..........................................................................................

75

4.6.3.2. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Saudara Atau Keluarga Yang Menderita HIV-AIDS ..............

76

4.6.3.3. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Menolong Orang Lain Yang Kecelakaan dan Berisiko
Tertular HIV-AIDS.......................................................................

76

4.6.3.4. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Ajakan Untuk MakanBersama Penderita HIV-AIDS .............

77

4.6.3.5. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Teman Yang Menderita HIV-AIDS ............................................

78

4.6.3.6. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Berjabat Tangan Dengan Penderita HIV-AIDS ........................

78

4.6.3.7. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Mendukung Program Peduli HIV-AIDS ...................................

79

4.6.3.8. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Terkena Keringat Penderita HIV-AIDS ......................................

80

4.6.3.9. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Teman Atau Saudara Atau Keluarga Yang Berisiko Besar
Terkena HIV-AIDS ....................................................................

80

4.6.3.10. Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tindakan Terhadap

Berenang Di Kolam Renang Bersama Penderita
HIV-AIDS ...................................................................................

81

4.7. Rekapitulasi Perilaku ................................................................................................

82

4.7.1. Rekapitulasi Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Responden Terhadap

Penyakit HIV-AIDS ...................................................................................
4.7.2. Rekapitulasi Berdasarkan Sikap Responden Terhadap Penyakit

82

HIV-AIDS .................................................................................................

83

4.7.3. Rekapitulasi Berdasarkan Tindakan Responden Terhadap Penyakit

HIV-AIDS ................................................................................................

84

4.8. Tabulasi Silang Karakteristik dan Perilaku .............................................................

86

4.8.1. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Dan Pengetahuan

Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS ..............................................

86

4.8.2. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Dan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS ....................................................................

88

4.8.3. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Dan Tindakan Responden

Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS ....................................................................

89

4.8.4. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Pekerjaan Orang Tua Dan Pengetahuan

Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS .................................................

89

4.8.5. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Pekerjaan Orang Tua Dan Sikap

Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS .................................................

92

4.8.6. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Pekerjaan Orang Tua Dan Tindakan

Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS .................................................

94

4.8.7. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Pendidikan Orang Tua Dan

Pengetahuan Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS .........................

96

4.8.8. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Pendidikan Orang Tua Dan Sikap

Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS .................................................

97

4.8.9. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Pendidikan Orang Tua Dan Tindakan

Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS .................................................

99

4.8.10. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Sumber Informasi Dan Pengetahuan

Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS ................................................

101

4.8.11. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Sumber Informasi Dan Sikap Responden

Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS .....................................................................

103

4.8.12. Tabulasi Silang Berdasarkan Sumber Informasi Dan Tindakan

Responden Terhadap Penyakit HIV-AIDS ...............................................

104