Anda di halaman 1dari 16

PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI

TI-2408 PERENCANAAN & PENGENDALIAN PRODUKSI


Penjadwalan Tenaga Kerja

SISTEM PERENCANAAN PRODUKSI


Aggregate Planning
Master Production Schedule

Material Requirements Planning


Planned Order Release Production Scheduling Staffing Facility with People

KARAKTERISTIK PERENCANAAN TENAGA KERJA

Characteristics: Demand tends to fluctuate widely in the short term and to occur seven days a week Human effort cannot be inventoried Customer convenience is critical Steps to solve the problem: Identify the services to be provided Determine the average time required for each service Forecast the demand for each service over the seven day period and for the staffs Smooth out the staffing needs

TERMINOLOGI

Demand: the number of people needed during some periods to provide a predefined level of service. A weekly demand forecast is the number of people to be employed during each day of the week Shift:

(1) the time of a day when a person begins work and takes a rest and breaks during the day. Example: Shift 5 starts at 08:00 with 15 minutes off at 10:00 and 14:00, and lunch from 12:15 to 12:45 (2) the set of days during a given week when a person will be expected at work. Example: Shift 5 is Monday through Friday, with Saturday and Sunday off

Schedule: the set of shifts that satisfies the demand criteria at minimum labor cost

SHIFT SCHEDULING - EXAMPLE

Kondisi Sistem :

Dibutuhkan tenaga kerja sebanyak 28 orang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga kerja satu minggu. Setiap pekerja individu diinginkan bekerja selama 5 hari dalam satu minggu, dengan begitu dibutuhkan 6 shift (6 individu) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan 28 tenaga kerja (28/5).

Gambar 1 menunjukkan contoh forecast kebutuhan tenaga kerja sederhana dan solusi jadwal shift yang dapat diterapkan. Setiap pekerja di set bekerja 5 hari seminggu dan masing-masing memiliki 2 hari libur berurutan dalam 1 minggu Solusi ini mengandung overstaffing pada Tuesday dan Friday, akan tetapi sudah merupakan solusi optimal karena melibatkan 6 orang pekerja yang merupakan jumlah minimum yang masih feasible.

Gambar 1

Sun

Mon

Tue

Wed Thu Shift #1 Shift #2 Shift #3 Shift #4

Fri

Sat

Shift #5 Shift #6 Staff Demand Overstaff 2 2 0 4 4 0 5 4 1 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 4 1 4 4 0

Sum 30 28 2

ALGORITMA SHIFT SCHEDULING

Algoritma Tibrewala, Philippe, and Browne (TPB) Algoritma Monroe

Contoh Soal

Diketahui hasil peramalan kebutuhan tenaga kerja dalam satu minggu adalah sebagai berikut :
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

Demand Forecast

Diinginkan sebuah jadwal yang melibatkan jumlah tenaga kerja yang optimal dengan syarat sebagai berikut :

Setiap pekerja hanya bekerja 5 hari per minggu Setiap pekerja diusahakan mendapat dua hari libur berurutan dalam satu minggu.

ALGORITMA TPB

Step 1: Working from the largest manpower-need day to the second largest and so forth, do the following. Place all days with the same manpower need on the schedule until a unique two-consecutive-days off period appears. If a tie exists, go to Step 2.
Step 2: If two identical two-days-off periods occur, select the pair with the smallest requirements on adjacent days. If the tie cannot be broken, go to Step 3. Step 3: Select the most reasonable pair; for example, the one that has a Saturday/Sunday off or the first pair in the week

PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMA TPB (1)

Step 1: Mulai dari hari yang membutuhkan jumlah tenaga kerja terbesar, kedua terbesar, dan selanjutnya lakukan hal berikut :

Place all days with the same manpower need on the schedule until a unique two-consecutive-days off period appears. If a tie exists, go to Step 2.
Sun 4 0 4 Mon 8 -1 7 -1 Tue 7 -1 6 ? Wed 7 -1 6 ? Thu 7 -1 6 ? Fri 7 -1 6 ? Sat 6 0 6 ? a tie exist Demand Forecast Shift 1

Step 2: If two identical two-days-off periods occur, select the pair with the smallest requirements on adjacent days. If the tie cannot be broken, go to Step 3.

PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMA TPB (2)


Sun 4 Mon 8 Tue 7 Wed 7 Thu 7 Fri 7 Sat 6 Demand Forecast

0 4 0
4

-1 7 -1
6 -1

-1 6 -1
5 ?

-1 6 -1
5 ?

-1 6 -1
5 ?

-1 6 -1
5 ?

0 6 0
6 -1

Shift 1 Shift 2
a tie exist

Step 3: Select the most reasonable two-days-off pair; for example, the one that has a Saturday/Sunday off or the first pair in the week.

PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMA TPB (3)


Sun 4 0 4 0 4 -1 3 Mon 8 -1 7 -1 6 -1 5 -1 Tue 7 -1 6 -1 5 0 5 -1 Wed 7 -1 6 -1 5 0 5 -1 Thu 7 -1 6 -1 5 -1 4 ? Fri 7 -1 6 -1 5 -1 4 ? Sat 6 0 6 0 6 -1 5 -1 a tie exist Shift 3 Shift 2 Demand Forecast Shift 1

Step 3: Select the most reasonable two-days-off pair, in this case Thu/Fri

PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMA TPB (4)


Sun
4 0 4 0 4

Mon
8 -1 7 -1 6

Tue
7 -1 6 -1 5

Wed
7 -1 6 -1 5

Thu
7 -1 6 -1 5

Fri
7 -1 6 -1 5

Sat
6 0 6 0 6 Shift 2 Demand Forecast Shift 1

-1
3 -1 2

-1
5 -1 4 ?

0
5 -1 4 ?

0
5 -1 4 ?

-1
4 0 4 ?

-1
4 0 4 ?

-1
5 -1 4 ?

Shift 3
Shift 4 a tie exist

Step 3: Select the most reasonable two-days-off pair, in this case Sat/Sun

ALGORITMA TPB (5)

Sun 3 -1 2 0 2 0 2 -1 1

Mon 5 -1 4 -1 3 0 3 -1 2

Tue 5 -1 4 -1 3 -1 2 0 2

Wed 5 -1 4 -1 3 -1 2 0 2

Thu 4 0 4 -1 3 -1 2 -1 1

Fri 4 0 4 -1 3 -1 2 -1 1

Sat 5 -1 4 0 4 -1 3 -1 2 Shift 7 Shift 6 Shift 5 Shift 4

-1
0 0 0 0

-1
1 -1 0 0

-1
1 -1 0 -1

-1
1 -1 0 -1

0
1 -1 0 -1

0
1 -1 0 -1

-1
1 0 1 -1

Shift 8
Shift 9 Shift 10

-1

-1

-1

-1

PENYELESAIAN DGN ALGORITMA TPB (6)


SOLUSI
Demand Total Individual Requirement Solusi : 4 Shift dengan SAT/SUN OFF 2 Shift dengan SUN/MON OFF 2 Shift dengan TUE/WED OFF 2 Shift dengan THUR/FRI OFF 46 46/5 = 9,2 Individu = 10

LATIHAN

Sebuah perusahaan Call Center ingin menyusun jadwal shift para pegawainya dalam seminggu. Hasil peramalan terhadap permintaan jasa menghasilkan estimasi kebutuhan jumlah tenaga kerja setiap harinya sbb :
Hari Kebutuhan Senin 8 Selasa 6 Rabu 7 Kamis 8 Jumat 4 Sabtu 6 Minggu 5

Susun jadwal shift pekerja jika perusahaan ingin agar setiap pegawainya bekerja 5 hari dan memiliki libur 2 hari berurutan dalam seminggu.

Anda mungkin juga menyukai