W = Fs where W = Work, F=
force
and s = Calculate the done on the ice cube?
displacement
Solution
The S.I.unit for Work is Joule(J)
IJ = 1Nm
Work is a scalar quantity.
Example 3
Solution
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Energy can exist in various form ; Solution
potential energy(Gravitational
Potential Energy, Elastic Potential
Energy, Electrical Potential Energy , Gravitational Potential Energy
Atomic Potential Energy ) kinetic ( Eg)
energy,mechanical energy, heat
energy,sound energy, electrical energy
The Gravitational potential energy of
and nuclear energy.
any object is the energy stored in the
The S.I. of energy is Joule (J). object because of its height above the
Energy is scalar quantity. earth’s surface
Example 4 Eg = m g h
m = mass
A student lifts a brick of mass 0.8 kg g= acceleration due
from the floor to the table top of to gravity
height 1.2 m.Determine h = height
(a) work done on the brick Example 7
(b) energy is used to lift the brick.
A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown to a
Solution height 15 m. How much gravitational
potential energy does the ball gain?
Solution
Kinetic Energy ( Ek )
Kinetic energy is the energy Example 8
possessed by a moving object.
A boy of mass 50 kg sitting on the top
Ek = ½ mv2 m = mass ,
end of an inclined sliding board has an
v= energy of 2 kJ. What is the height the
velocity inclined sliding board from the
ground?
Example 5
Solution
A bullet of mass 0.02 kg moves at a
velocity 150 ms-1
What is the kinetic energy of the
bullet ?
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What is the maximum height can be
reached by the stone? Solution
Solution
Example 10 Example 12
Solution
Example 11
@ P= W or P = Fs = F v
t t
@ P=E
t
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P = Power , W = Work, E = (a) the useful energy output
Energy , t = time v = (b) the energy input
velocity (c) the efficiency of the crane.
The S.I. unit of power is Watt(W)
1 W = 1 Js-1 Solution
Example 13
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(a) to conserve resources since illumination can directed to
fossil fuels such as coal, specific area.
petroleum and natural gas are A lighting of a room should
non-renewable resources depend on the
(b) to protect the enviroment from size of the room.
(ii) Water heater
deforestation,oil spills and
When having a shower during
radioactive
a hot weather,
wastes a lower temperature is needed
(c) to reduce the emission of air (iii) Refrigerator
pollutants and The doors of the refrigerator
greenhouse gases from power must always
stations be shut tight.
(d) to reduce the energy bills Thermostat should be used in
refrigerator
The following are several ways of to control the temperature
increasing the efficiency of The power of refrigerator
needed depend
machines and devices:
on the size of the family.
Machines: Another ways:
Moving surfaces are made as Recycling also conserves energy
smooth as resources. Recycling saves
Possible. energy because we do not have
Lubricants such as oil and silicone to make new bottles, papers
are used to separate surfaces. e.t.c.
Rollers and ball bearings are used
to separate rotating axles from
their mountings.
Cushions of air are used as elastic
lubricant.
Machines which move through
fluids are made streamlined in
shape to reduce the frictional
drag.
Heat engines:
TUTORIAL
Heat engine must be designed 1 Which of the following is true ?
with capability to do a greater
amount of mechanical work while A Work is a vector quantity
discharging waste heat at a lower B Work and energy has the same
temperature. unit
C Work is the product of force
Electrical devices: and distance
(i) Lamp:
A fluorescent lamp is more 2 1 J is equivalent to
efficience than a
filament light bulb. A 1 kg m B 1Ns
Use a lamp with a reflector so C 1 kg s D 1Nm
that the
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3 Choose the figure which shows the C 320 J D 400 J
student doing the maximum work. E 560 m
A 5.0 J B 10.0 J
C 12.5 J D 25.0 J
E 30.0 J
A 2 ms-1 B 10 ms-1
C 20 ms-1 D 25 ms-1
E 30 ms-1
A 40 J B 240 J A 40 J B 400 J
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C 4000 J D 40000 J
E 400000 J
A P B Q
C R D S
A P and Q B Q and R
C P and S D R and T
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Which of the following is true? Determine the velocity of the bob
A The total of energy at all the at the lowest point B.
points is same
B The velocity of the ball at point A √2 ms-1 B √3
A is same as the velocity of the ms -1
ball at point
C 2 ms-1 D 3 ms-1
C The kinetic energy of the ball
E 4 ms-1
at point B is same as the
kinetic energy of the ball at
18 A tennis ball of mass 20.0 g is
point C
thrown vertically with a velocity of
D The gravitational potential
20 ms-1. What is the maximum
energy of the ball at point A is
height reaches by the ball?
same as the gravitational
potential energy of the ball at
A 5.0 m B 10.0 m
point E
C 20.0 m D 40.0 m
E 60.0 m
16 Figure shows a trolley is released
from a rest at
19 Figure shows of a ball of mass 0.05
the top end of a frictionless
kg moves on a rough track with a
curve track.
velocity 6 ms-1. At height of h the
velocity of the ball is 2 ms-1.
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24 Figure shows a worker pulling a
borrow up a ramp.
A 4W B 10 W
C 16 W D 40W
E 160 W
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(c) How much gravitational
energy does the load gain?
……………………………………………
(b) What is the diffrerence in
…..
gravitational potential energy
of Ali and Abu?
……………………………………………
…..
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(d) What is the acceleration of the
athelete at the position P? (b) State the type of motion of
the bag of cement along the
…………………………………………… track PQ.
……
(e) Why is the thick mattress with a ……………………………………
soft surface is used in this event. …
…………………………………………… ……………………………………
…… …
(c) The bag of cement
…………………………………………… experiences an average
…… frictional force of 100 N
along QR and stops at R.
…………………………………………… (i) Calculate the velocity
…… of the bag of cement at
Q.
29 The figure shows smooth
inclined track, PQ, and a rough
surface QR is used to transfer a (ii) Calculate the distance
bag of cement into a lorry . QR.
The bag of cement of 50 kg mass
is released from P at a height of 5 (iii)
State the changes of
m and slides to Q and energy when the bag
stops at R. of cement moves from
Q to R.
…………………………
………….
…………………………
………….
……………………………
…
(ii) Calculate the
energy in (a) (i).
(a) Determine
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(i) the useful energy experimental framework to
output test your hypothesis.
In your description , state
clearly the following:
(iii) the energy input (i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the
experiment
(iii) the efficiency of the (iii) List of apparatus and
crane materials
(iv) Arrangement of the
(b) Compare your answer in (a)(i) apparatus
and (a)(ii) and give your (v) The procedure of the
reason for your answer. experiment
which include the method
of controlling the
……………………………………… manipulated variable and
……… the method of measuring
the responding variable.
……………………………………… (vi) Way you
……… wouldttabulate the data
(vii) Way you would
……………………………………… analysis the data
………
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