()

1.

habit
Aobservable
Bautomatic

Watsonelicit
Skinner
imitation
reinforcement

/-
-

interference
Negative transfer errors

/I
learn French./ .
Positive Transfer

2.

A.description
B.selection
C.comparison
D.prediction

 degreesEllis1985
1

jai Ive s s
ng ng

kennen wissen know

duoc/bi

ng ng

No seI
dont know
/

the le la
or /
1-6
3.

A. child childs


4
i
ii
iii
iv

B. Chomsky Skinner

4.
2

 3
1

>> >>

3
/

2

1.
5
1////

2 lapse error
overtly idiosyncratic covertly
idiosyncratic

3
4
5


A. Whats he doing
B. What he is doing
C. What is he doing
D. Whats he doing
A Whats
what is B
what is C D B
A D

2.
(1)
( interlingual error )

Grauberg1971

36%

George1972

33%

Dulay,Burt1973

3%

Tran-Chi-Chau1974

51%

Mukattash1977

23%

Flick1980

31%

Lott1983

55%

(2)
( intralingual error )
*He is comes. He is coming He
comes *

A.overgeneralization
-s He can sings
-s childrens
B. ignorance of rule restrictions ask
say say ask He said to me. *He asked to me.
*
C.incomplete application of rules
4

 Where is he*I dont know where

is he
*
D.false concepts hypothesized * *

(3)
cognitive error
+ ++
no + V
no + V

3.
1984

bdg
-

1996 5
1