ANALISIS KEGAGALAN (FAILURE ANALYSIS)

Oleh Dr.Ir.Hendri Chandra,MT.

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNSRI 2013

DIFINSI

FAILURE ?

KENAPA PERLU DIANALISIS ?

BILAMANA PERLU DIANALISIS ?

MODES OF FAILURE

PLASTIC DEFROMATION & ELASTIC FATIGUE &VIBRATION CORROSION AND DEGRADATION STRESS CORROSION CRaCKING WEAR/ABRASIVE CREEP & STRESS RUPTURE IMPACT LOADING FRETTLING FATIGUE CORROSION CASTING DEFECT FORMING DEFECT HEAT TREATMENT &SURFACE TREATMENT MACHINING COMBINE LOADING Welding defect

CAUSE/ERROR
UNPROPERLY DESIGN MATERIAL SELECTION MAINTENANCE OPERATOR OPERATION PROCEDURE SHIPPING

PROSEDUR ANALISIS

THEORIES OF FAILURE A theory behind a failure criterion Purposes : To design structural component and calculate margin of safety. To guide in material development. To determine weak and strong direction

=== Caused by excessive deformation (either elastic or plastic deformation)

Excessive load
Excessive elastic deformation
1.

Yielding Plastic/permanent

Fracture

2. 3.

Stretch,twist,or bending Buckling Vibration

Plastic def at room Sudden fracture of temperature brittle material Creep/rupture at Fatigue (progressive elevated temperature fracture) Yield stress is the Stress rupture st important factor elevated temperature Ultimate stress is the important design factor

Based on Types of material

Material Type Ductile

Brittle

Failure Theories Maximum shear stress criterion, Von Mises criterion Maximum normal stress criterion, Mohrs Theory

For Ductile Material

Stress theories Maximum Principal stress theory (Rankine, Lame) Maximum Octahedral Shearing Stress Theory Maximum Shear Stress Theory (Tresca, Guest, Coulomb) Strain Theories Maximum Strain Theory (Saint-Venant) Total strain energy Theory (Beltrami-Haigh) Maximum Destortion Energy Theory ( Huber-HenkyVon Mises)

The Maximum Shear Stress Theory (Associated with Tresca, Guest, Coulomb)
For plane stress state Case of hot-rolled carbon stell Example : a thin-walled pressure vessel 1> 2 > 3 == 3 = 0

y
x z

max = ( max min)/2 = yp = yp/2