ORDERED PAIRS

An ordered pair of elements, written (a, b)

is considered distinct from the ordered pair
(b, a), unless, a = b. To put it another way,
(a, b) = (c, d) if and only if a = c and b =d.
If X and Y are sets, we let X × Y denote the
set of all ordered pairs (x, y) where x Є X
and y Є Y. We call X × Y the CARTESIAN
PRODUCT of X and Y.
X = { 1, 2, 3} Y = {a, b
X × Y = { (1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b), (3, a), (3
Y × X = { (a, 1), (b, 1), (a, 2), (b, 2), (a, 3), (b
X×X=? Y×Y=?
 ORDERED PAIRS
The example shows that, in general, X ×
Y ≠ Y × X.

Notice that | X × Y | = | X | • | Y |

X = { w, x, y, z} Y = {θ, ∝,∇}
X×Y=? X×X=?
Y×X=? Y×Y=?
ORDERED PAIRS
Example:
A restaurant serves four appetizers
r = ribs n = nachos s = shrimp f
= fried cheese and three main courses
c = cheese b = beef t = trout

If we let A = {r, n, s, f} and M = {c, b, t},

the Cartesian Product A × M lists the 12
possible dinners consisting of one appetizer
and one main course.
ORDERED PAIRS
More Examples:

M = {a, y, e, r} A = {m, a, n}

5.M x A
6.A x M
7.A x A
8.M x M
K = {2, 4, 6, 8} D = {1, 3, 5, 7,
9}
ORDERED PAIRS
More Examples:

X = {1, 2, 3} Y = {a, b, c, d, e} Z
= {x, y}
5.X x Y x Z
6.Z x Y x X
7.X x Z x Y
8.X x X x Y
9.Y x Y x Z
10.Z x Z x Z