1. Which of the following statements is/are true? A.

Cranial osteomyelitis most frequently arises from the spread of bacteria through the bloodstream from an infection elsewhere in the body. B. Subdural empyema is ordinarily treated by administration of antibiotics without the need for surgical drainage. D. A bacterial brain abscess commonly presents as a mass lesion of the brain, without systemic signs of infection such as fever or leukocytosis. E. Bacterial brain abscesses are difficult to visualize by CT. Answer: CD

2. Which of the following statements are true? A. Extradural neoplasms are usually benign. B. A typical type of intramedullary tumor is a meningioma. C. An intradural extramedullary neoplasm is ordinarily treated by a combination of surgical resection and radiotherapy. D. A hemangioblastoma is a benign intramedullary tumor that has the potential for surgical cure. Answer: D

3 . All of the following statements about intraspinal dermoid and epidermoid tumors and lipomas are true Except? A. They are benign lesions. B. They can be found within the spinal subarachnoid space. C. They can be found within the spinal cord. D. They are most common in the Dorsolumbosacral. E. They are at times associated with spinal dysraphism. Answer: D These Lesions are commonly seen in the lumbo sacral regions

4. All of the following statements are true except? A. The fascicles in a peripheral nerve divide and recombine along their course. B. Recovery from neurotmesis requires surgical repair. D. Axonal sprouting begins 1 to 2 months after transection of a peripheral nerve. E. The patient's age influences the rate and success of nerve regeneration. Answer: c

5. Which of the following statements are true? A. The Hoffmann-Tinel sign localizes the level of a nerve injury. B. Causalgia is a term used to denote the etiology of pain. C. Secondary repair of a lacerated nerve 3 to 8 weeks after injury has several advantages. D. A surgeon who finds at delayed (3 to 8 weeks) exploration that a clinically nonfunctioning nerve is in continuity should resect the injured portion of the nerve and suture together the ends.

Answer: C

6. Which of the following lesions is not one of the cutaneous stigmata of occult spinal dysraphism? A. Midline lumbar capillary hemangioma. B. Focal hairy patch over the thoracolumbar spine. C. Dermal sinus located above the midsacrum. D. Midline subcutaneous lipoma. E. Caf-au-lait spot over the thoracolumbar spine. Answer: E

7. Cordotomy results in which of the following?

A. Vagal instability. B. Contralateral loss of temperature appreciation. C. Ipsilateral loss of pin and temperature appreciation. D. Contralateral loss of two-point discrimination.

Answer: D

8. What is the critical difference between frame-based and frameless stereotactic procedures? A. The use of digitized imaging studies such as CT and MRI. B. The use of rendered three-dimensional images and a three-dimensional digitizer. C. Rigid fixation of the patient's head to the operating room table. D. The presence of a lesion in the brain on digitized imaging studies. Answer: B

9. All of the following statements are true concerning spinal cord injuries except?

a. Incomplete spinal cord lesions may result in the Brown-Sequard syndrome which is manifest by contralateral loss of motor function and position-vibratory sensation with ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of the injury B. Cervical spine malalignment can almost always be reduced by skeletal traction C. An indication for early operation following spinal cord injury is neurologic deterioration in a patient with initially incomplete cord lesion D. The natural history of a cord injury in which some function is preserved immediately after the injury is progressive loss of function despite appropriate treatment Answer: A

10. All of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning intracranial aneurysms except?

a. Over 50% of cerebral aneurysms occur in the carotid or anterior circulation b. Most intracranial aneurysms are congenital c. Up to 20% of patients with cerebral aneurysms have multiple aneurysms d. Most patients with intracranial aneurysms present with signs and symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage with severe headache followed by neck stiffness and photophobia

Answer: a Aneurysms are typically found at the bifurcation of major vessels of the circle of Willis with over 85% occurring in the carotid or anterior circulation. Up to 20% of patients with aneurysms will have multiple aneurysms.

11. All of the following regarding spinal cavernomas are true except? A. Are associated with familial syndromes B. Association with brain cavernomas is unreported C. Are most common in the cervical spinal cord D. Which manifested by hemorrhage are best demonstrated with gradient echo MRI Answer C Most common location for Spinal cavernomas is Dorsal cord followed by Cervical spinal cord

12. all the following regarding The great artery of Adamkiewicz are true except A. Originates from the radiculomedullary artery on the right side in 35% of cases B. Supplies the thoraco Lumbar Spinal cord C. Usually originates between T9-T12 D. May Originate between L1-L2 in 10% of the cases Answer: A The great artery of Adamkiewicz originates in 75% of cases on the left side between T9-T12

13.