Gii tch mch trn my vi tnh

Hng dn s dng ISIS

PHAN I : GII THIEU KHAI QUAT VE ISIS I. GII THIEU VE ISIS

Hien nay, cung vi s phat trien cua nganh ien t cac phan mem dung e ho tr cho viec thiet ke va phan tch mach ien t cung ngay cang phat trien, trong o ISIS la phan mem co chc nang nh vay. ISIS c ra i sau 20 nam nghien cu phat trien. S u viet cua no c nhieu ngi tren the gii cong nhan va cho en nay phan mem ISIS ngay cang hoan thien vi nhng tnh nang mi trong viec thiet ke mach ien t. NHNG C TNH CHNH CA PROTEUS ISIS BAO GM: Dung e ve va mo phong cac s o mach ien. S ket hp gia s mo phng da tren SPICE vi nhng s mo phong khac. Mo phong c cac thiet b hien th nh LED, man hnh LCD , ban phm ma trn cong tc ... Nhng dng c thc t bao gm von k ,ampe k, may hien song th phan tch bao gm: thi gian ,tn s ,ting n , AC va DC ,s bin i fourier. Co chc nang mo phong ho vi ieu khien 8051 va PIC. Ho tr lap trnh vi ieu khien bang cac ngon ng nh C++ va cac ngon ng khac. Co kha nang lien thong vi chng trnh ARES dung e ve mach in. Ngoai nhng chc nang tren ISIS con co nhieu chc nang khac c cung cap bi tai lieu PROTEUS VSM.

II. CACH CAI AT PHAN MEM ISIS

e cai at chng trnh ta nhap vao bieu tng setup sau o chon th muc e cai at chng trnh

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Gii tch mch trn my vi tnh

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Ca s tip theo s xut hin v bn lm theo nhng bc c thit lp sn l bn c PROTEUS ISIS trong my tnh ca bn.

click

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Gii tch mch trn my vi tnh

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Sau khi ci t xong bn s thy 1 icon xut hin trn destop Nhp p vo icon vo chng trnh PROTEUS ISIS
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Hoc cc th truy cp a ch STAR\ALL PROGRAMS\PROTUES 6 PROFESSIONAL\ISIS 6 PROFESIONAL

III. TM HIEU VE GIAO DIEN CUA ISIS

Thanh menu chnh

Thanh cong cu

Vung ve s o mach ien

Dong trang thai

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Trong trang ve cua ISIS ban se thay thanh cong cu chnh. Chung ta hay tm hieu y ngha cua cac tieu hnh co tren thanh cong cu nay. 1. Thanh menu chnh

2. Thanh cong cu chnh

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*** ngha ca cc shortcut chc nng nh sau : Cho phep/khong cho phep noi day t ong. Tm linh kien va gan thuoc tnh May hien song oscilocope

Current probe dung e o dong ien Votage probe dung o ien ap Cac nguon ien

Tape :bang t

Devide Pin : Dung tao cac chan cho linh kien Dung tao cac port trong cac ban ve co tnh ke tha Instant edit : lenh edit Ve Bus (day dan )
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at ten nhan cho Bus Lenh noi day Lenh lay linh kien Lien thong vi Arres professional Kiem tra loi Bang hien cac linh kien Di chuen trang ve Huy ban ve hien tai Tao ban ve mi 3. Thanh hien th

4. Thanh ve hnh 2D: dung e ve linh kien

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5. Thanh nh hng thao tc linh kin

Xoay tri, xoay phi

Phn chiu thit b

6. Thanh chay chng trnh mo phong

7. Cc cng c o: Dng hin th dng sng S dng Oscillocope th click vo Icon Virtual Instruments Chn Osscilloscope(OSC)

Ni dy cc ng vo A(Chanel 1), B(Chanel 2) ca OSC ti cc i m cn xem dng sng ca tn hiu trong mch.
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Hng dn s dng ISIS

Bm nt Play trong Animation Control Panel, ca s VSM OSC xut hin:

C 2 loi nt iu chnh trn bng VSM Osscilloscope l nt bm vung v nt xoay trn v cc n mu xanh ch ch ang hot ng. Cc nt vung dng chn knh hin th (knh1- knh2-c hai knh), thay i ch AC, DC, GND Cc nt xoay trn dng iu chnh li (nt ), iu chnh Ofset, iu chnh tc thay i ca dng sng cho tng knh mt(cc nt tm v xanh) * My pht tn hiu(Virtual Signal Genarator) c cc c tnh sau: Pht ra c cc dng: sng vung, sng rng ca, sng tam gic, sng sin. To ra dy tn s t 0~12MHz. Bin t o~12V. iu ch bin v tn s ng vo. S dng Signal Genarator: Chn Signal Genarator trong Virtual Instrument t vo s . Bm nt Play thay i thng s cho tn hiu c pht ra.

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Xem bng trn: thay i tn s dng hai nt trn bn tri, thay i bin dng hai nt trn k tip, thay i dng sng dng hai nt vung ct bn phi. Nt Centre thay i t 0~12, nt Range c 3 cp n v l Hz/KHz/MHz thay i t 0.1~10. Tn s thay i trn hnh c gi tr l 10.3 = 10.3(centre) x 1Hz(range). Tng t, bin trn hnh c gi tr 700m(V) = 0.7 (level) x 1V(range). Mun iu ch bin (hoc tn s) th ni tn hiu ng vo vo chn AM (hoc chn FM). Tn hiu ng ra ly chn +,- * Counter Timer: dng o thi gian, m xung v tn s. N c 3 chn ng vo v hin th ng ra ti 99.999.999 Chn CLK: ni vi ng tn hiu cn o. Chn CE: chn cho php tc ng mc cao. Chn RST : chn Reset. Khi c tc ng mc cao th cc s hin th u tr v 0.

Dng Edit Component chn Mode m v thay i cc mc tch cc ca cc chn CE, RST. Bm nt Play m phng. * AC-DC Voltmeter or Ampemeter: l cc Votl k v Ampe k o in xoay chiu hay mt chiu vi cc la chn n v l micro volt, mili volt, volt. N c ni vo mch ging nh cc linh kin khc v c th thay i ni tr trong Edit Component (gi tr mc nh l 100M). Mt s bng phn tch analog, digital v mixed ta s cp n phn sau.
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PHAN III: CAC BC VE MACH IEN TRONG PROTEUS ISIS I. CAC BC TIEN HANH VE MACH IEN:
Nhap p vao bieu tng ISIS e m chng trnh, sau o tren man hnh se xuat hien giao dien cua chng trnh cua ISIS

Trong vung lam viec nay, ban se dung cac lenh e at cac thanh phan cua mach ien len ban ve. e lay cac ky hieu t th vien, at vao trang ve , ban chon tieu hnh sau

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ly nhanh linh kin cn dung ta c th nhn P name of text to search for ta c th nhp 2-3 k t u ca tn linh kin (v d : ly in tr reasistor ta c th nhp RE )

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Sau khi at xong cac ky hieu len ban ve, ban se thay tren vung lam viec co cac hnh nh sau: Sau khi tat ca cac ky hieu c at len bang ve, ban dung lenh junction dot e noi day. Nhap len tieu hnh

e thc hien lenh noi mach, mode noi mach, dau con tro co dang hnh ch thap. Ban cho con tro cham vao cac chan cua ky hieu, nhan chuot va keo, day noi se keo theo qua cac chan khac, khi day noi cham vao, chan day noi se xuat hien mot vong tron nho. Sau khi a noi xong cac ng mach, ta se thay cac s o mach ien nh sau

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i vi mt s mch cn iu chnh thong s 1 s linh kin th ta c th lm nh sau : nhp chut phi vo linh kin linh kin hin cc vin bao xung quanh ri nhp chut tri tip theo, sau mang hnh s hin ra bng thng s ca linh kin ta c th chnh ng theo yu cu ca mch m phng. VD: thay i gi tr ca in tr, sau khi lm cc bc nh trn th 1 bng xut hin

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Trong o: Component reference: ten linh kien. Resistance : gia tr cua linh kien. Model Type: thuoc tnh linh kien. PCB Package: kieu chan cua linh kien. Other Properties: cac thuoc tnh khac. Trong o resistance ban se nhap cac gia tr cua linh kien. en ay ban a hoan thanh xong cong viec mo ta mot s o mach ien.

II. TAO MOT LINH KIEN MI TRONG TH VIEN

Phn mm ISIS cho php bn to them cc linh kin mi b sung cho th vin hin c ca ISIS to mt linh kin mi trong th vin bn lm theo cc bc sau u tin bn nhp vo thanh cng c 2D v linh kin Trn bn v s xut hin:

Trong hp thoi bn s chn COMPONENT v linh kin

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Bc tip theo bn s v chn cho linh kin . v chn cho linh kin bn nhp vo icon device pin trn thanh cng c , sau chn hnh dng chn v bt u t vo linh kin . Linh kin sau khi v xong :

Sau khi v xong linh kin ta nhp chut tri vo chn linh kin t cc thuc tnh cho n . Xut hin hp thoi:

Trong : Pin name : tn chn linh kin Default pin number : s chn Electrical Type : cc thuc tnh ca chn : input , output .. Sau khi chn xong , nhp ok s xut hin hp thoi: Make DEVIDE

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Trong ny bn s t tn cho linh kin cn v , v cc thuc tnh ca n Chn xong nhn phm Next

Chn th vn lu tr linh kin v s dng Chn xong nhp OK . Bn hon thnh cng vic to mt linh kin mi v c th ly ra s dng.

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IV. To Nestlist file: (S phn tch)

Gii Thiu Mt S phn tch gm c hai phn : th v cc gi tr v in.Qu trnh x l ca vic to nestlist file l m ha cc d liu v in bng cc tiu chun c bit sao cho cc chng trnh khc c th hiu c. Khng c mt tiu chun no dnh cho tt c cc chng trnh m mi nh sn xut li c cc tiu chun m ha khc nhau. Khi nhp vo dng lnh Netlist Compiler trn thanh cng c xut hin hp thoi Netlist Complier (c th truy xut ra t Tool / Netlist Compiler ) . Trong hp thoi Netlist Complier s chn cc thng s cho vic to file netlist

Format:(nh dng) C nhiu kiu nh dng khc nhau: SDF,multiwire, spice, tango, racal.Trong tiu chun SDF l tiu chun chnh ca chng trnh phin dch , cn cc tiu chun cn li giao tip vi cc phn mm khc
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Logical/Physical/transfer Trong Logical netlist cc chn linh kin s c nhm th hin mt cch ring bit v d:U_1A,U_1B cn trong physical netlist cc chn linh kin s c nhm li thnh tng nhm v d : U_1,U_2 Logicalnetlist thch hp cho vic to file phn tch , cn physical netlist thch hp cho vic to mch in Transfer mode dng trong ng dng c bit dnh ring cho ISIS Scope(phm vi) Current Sheet: Ch to file netlist cho trang c chn Whole Design: To file netlist cho ton b bn v. Errors Cc li trong qu trnh phin dch Netlist Format : ( cc loi nh dng) SDF: ( Schematic Description Format ) c s dng bi chng trnh VSM, VRES v cc chng trnh khc ca hng Labcenter EDA. u im : d c v x l thnh cc dng khc. S dng Physical mode Board Maker Kiu nh dng dnh cho chng trnh Tsien Boardmaker II. S dng Physical mode. Eedesigner Kiu nh dng dng cho chng trnh EE designer III Chc nng tng t nh board maker S dng physical mode Furturenet: Kiu nh dngdng cho chng trnh Dash design tools Dng Physical mode cho Pin List va logical mode cho Net List Multi wire: Kiu nh dng dnh cho chng trnh EAGLE PCB S dng physical mode Racal: Kiu nh dng dnh cho chng trnh RED BOARD, CADSTAR.. S dng physical mode Spice: Dng cho cc chng trnh phn tch , c bit l chng trnh P_ SPICE S dng Logical mode

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PHN IV: M PHNG MCH IN I. M phng cc mch in hin th trc tip trn bn v:
ISIS c th phn tch hin th trc tip trn bn v . Ngha l ton b cc hin tng xy ra trong phn tch u hin th trc tip trn bn v .Gip cho ta c th hnh dung c qu trnh hot ng ca mt mch in . Ngoi ra ta cn c th iu chnh cc thng s ca mch trc tip trn bn v , y l mt trong nhng u im ni bt so vi cc phn mm khc . m phng ta ch cn mc mch sau nhp nt play trn thanh cng c . V d minh ha : 1)Mch dao ng dng IC 555: Trong ISIS bn v s mch in nh sau:

Sau khi nhp xong cc gi tr ca linh kin ta bt u qu trnh m phng . Nhp vo biu tng play trn thanh cng c trn mn hnh s xut hin:

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Trn trang v s xut hin cc mi tn ch chiu ca dng n . Mi tn mu mc in th cao v cc dy mu xanh mc in th thp . Trn hai bn cc t s xut hn cc du + v cc du - tng dn v gi m dn ch cc in tch dng v cc in tch m xut hin trn hai bn cc t trong qu trnh np x . Khi mc in th chn s 3 ln mc cao n s sang ln v dng in c chiu nh hnh. Nhn vo vn k ta xc nh in p ng ra khi mc 1 l 10.7v v mc 0 l 0v Trn y l mch dao ng dng IC 555, tn s dao ng ca mch ta c th tnh nh sau: T = 0.69 * ( R3 + 2 R2 ) C1 F=1/T i vi mch trn : T = 0.69 * ( 6k3 + 10k )* 100uf = 1.815 s F = 1/1.815 = 0.55 hz tng tn s dao ng ca mch ta thay in tr v t in c tr s nh hn . thy c cc xung dao ng ta dng my hin sng . Nhp vo biu tng hnh m phng trn thanh cng c ri t vo bn v . Sau tin

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Trn mn hnh s xut hin 1 oscilloscope c cc tnh nng tng t nh mt oscilloscope tht . Ta c th iu chnh trc tip trn oscilloscope bng cch nhp chut tri vo cc nt vn, ri tin hnh xoay tri , xoay phi ty yu cu phn tch . Trong : Y gain : iu chnh li theo tn hiu Y Time base : b chia chu k qut ngang 2)M phng mch m ln dng Flip-Flop:

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Mch m ln mode 100 dng IC Flip-Flop 74LS390 cc ng ra c ni vi hai led 7 on hin th s m . Ngun xung clock c ni vi CKA ca flip-flop 1 . Ng reset c ni vi chn MR ca hai FF . san thng s cho xung clock ta lm cc bc sau: Nhp chut tri vo biu tng xung lm xut hin hp thoi :

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Trong frequency ta chn tn s dao ng ca xung . y ta chn tn s dao ng khong 3hz. Chn xong nhp OK. Analogue types : cc dng dao ng tng t dc, sin, xung .. Digital types : cc dng dao ng s . Clock type : hnh dng xung

Khi bt u chy m phng , trn mn hnh s xut hin cc chm xanh , biu th cho cc mc logic . Mu biu th cho mc logic 1 v mu xanh biu th cho mc logic 0. Hai led 7 on s hin th s m, khi mch m n 100 th t ng tr v trng thi ban u. Ta c th click chut ln nt reset reset tr v trang thi ban u . Ta c th thay i mch m 100 thnh mch m n 60 bng cch ni thm mt cng AND vo mch in .

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II. M PHNG MCH IN BNG TH :

Ngoi tnh nng phn tch hin th trc tip trn,ISIS cn cho php bn phn tch cc mch in bng th . ISIS c th phn tch cc mch analogue , cc mch Digital v cc mch kt hp A/D ( Mixer) Cch thng lm l : V s mch nguyn l t cc tham s cn phn tch vo mch M cc th cn phn tch Cho chy qu trnh phn tch Sau khi v xong mch in , bn nhp vo biu tng votage probe nu mun nu mun phn tch in p v biu tng current probe phn tch dng in . Sau t vo cc m cn phn tch trn trang v

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Tip theo chn biu tng Simulation Graph trn thanh cng c . Trong hp thoi chn cc dng th cn phn tch

Analogue : phn tch tn hiu tng t Digital : phn tch tn hiu s Mixed : Tn hiu kt hp gia tng t v s Frequency : phn tch theo tn s Transfer : Phn tch theo s thay i ca cc tham s Distortion : phn tch theo S bin dng Fourier : phn tch dng ph tn hiu fourier Audio : phn tch tn hiu dng m thanh DC/AC Sweep : phn tch theo s qut tn hiu mt chiu / xoay chiu th cn phn tch
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Trong : Edit Graph : t cc thuc tnh Add trace ( nhp cc tham s cn phn tch) Simulate graph : cho chy qu trnh phn tch Sau khi m trang phn tch bn nhp Add trace nhp cc tham s , sau nhp vo Simulate xem kt qu

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1) Dng th phn tch tn hiu tng t : (ANALOGUE GRAPH) S dng Analogue Graphs trong Icon Simulation Graphs hin th. t Analogue Graph vo s mch: Click chn icon Simulation Graph chn Analogue trong GRAPHS ri click-r chut ln vng trng trong vng v s to ra bng Analogue Analysis. t cc tm d v ngun pht sng( Genarators and Probes) vo trong bng va to ra bng cch dng chut ko v th vo. Lu : Cc cch ny lm tng t nh trong cc loi phn tch khc. Dng Edit Graph trong menu GRAPH thay i thuc tnh cho bng, dng Add Trace thm cc thnh phn cn hin th trong bng vi thuc tnh c m t bng mt hm trong Expression, v d: thnh phn mi c tn l SUM, c m t bng hm P1+P2 (xem cc hnh bn di)

a) bng t tn v thuc tnh.

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b) bng hin th kt qu. Mt s mch c th c phn tch nhiu thnh phn v nhiu loi phn tch. Dng phm SPACEBAR cho php hin th kt qu trn cc s .

phn tch tn hiu tng t ta chn th tng t ( analogue graph ) Trong edit transient ta nhp cc thng s: Grap title : tn th Start time : thi gian bt u Stop time: Thi gian kt thc Left axis label : tham s cn phn tch pha bn tri Right axis label : tham s cn phn tch pha bn phi Spice option : cc thng s phn tch khc Sau ta nhp cc gi tr cn phn tch vo hp thoi add transient trace . y c ba gi tr cn phn tch l INPUT, V( C1) , I(C1). P1 = input, P2 = V(C1), P3= I(C1)

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th phn tch :

Trn th s xut hin cc dng sng in p v dng in ti cc i m cn phn tch . Nhn vo th ta c thy in p V(C1) tr pha v c bin nh hn V INPUT. ISIS khng ch phn tch trc tip cc tham s m cn phn tch gin tip qua cc biu thc . V d xc nh in p chnh lch gia V INPUT v V(C1) ta to mt tham s mi c biu thc DENTA = P1- P2 v phn tch Trn th s xut hin ng mu xanh c t chnh p gia VINPUT v V(C1)

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xc nh nng lng sng ta to mt tham s mi POWER c biu thc POWER= (P1-p2)*p3 .Sau khi phn tch s xut hin ng cong biu th nng lng

2) Phn tch tn hiu s : (DIGITAL GRAPH ) S dng Digital Graph hin th kt qu. Cch t vo s v thay i cc thng s ging nh trn. V d: m phng dng xung ng ra Q0, Q1, Q2 v 2 ng vo I0, I1.

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Dng kt qu hin th nh sau:

(trc honh l trc thi gian, tnh bng Micro giy)

3) Phn tch kt hp tng t v s : (MIX GRAPH) Ta c th phn tch kt hp c hai tn hiu tng t v s trn cng mt th .Ta chn th phn tch l MIX GRAPH . Trong hp thoi add trace , ta chn trace type l analogue nu phn tch analogue v digital nu mun phn tch tn hiu dng digital c dng khi m phng cho dng chuyn i gia tng t v s nh: ADC(analog to digital convert), DAC (Digital to Analog
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Convert). Cch s dng s m phng ging nh cc loi trn. V d: m phng mch VCO c ng vo l Vin_dng Sin v ng ra Vout_dng xung vung coa cc thng s c bn bn di.

4) Phn tch theo tn s (FREQUENCY GRAPH ) Cho php phn tch tn hiu theo s thay i ca tn s . Dng phn tch cc p ng ca cc mch lc RC, LC. Trc X ca s hin th tn s, trc Y hin th li.

(s p ng tn s ca thch anh 1M)

5) Phn tch FOURIER (FOURIER GRAPH ) th ny cho php ta phn tch ph FOURIER ca mt dng song bt k V d: Phn tch ph FOURIER ca mch in sau:

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ng vo input ta chn sng vung c tn s 1khz v cng 0.8A rng xung : 50% thi gian ln v xung ca xung l 1us

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Trong Edit Fourier Graph ta chn thi gian phn tch l 100ms. Tn s cc i l 20khz th phn tch :

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Qua th trn ta thy ph Fourier ca sng vung g m nhiu di tn khc nhau t 0 n 20khz v bin ca tn s gi m dn khi tn s cng cao. Qua v d trn ta c th kt lun sng vung l sng a hi ngha l trong n bao gm nhiu sng c cc di tn khc nhau.

6) Phn tch TRANSFER (TRANSFER GRAPH ) Trong th ny ta phn tch tn hiu theo s thay i ca nhiu tham s . V d : phn tch ng c tuyn ca transistor. Cho mch in:

Chn th phn tch l Transfer Analysis . Chn cc thng s : Source 1 : VCE start value : 0.00V Stop value : 10.0V step : 100mv Source 2 : Ib start value : 100uA Stop value : 1mA step : 10uA

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th phn tch :

Trn th xut hin cc ng c tuyn ca Transistor . Dng in qua cc C tng Dn khi UCE tng dn v dng Ib tng dn. 7) Phn tch tn hiu qut DC,AC (DC/AC SWEEP GRAPH ) Trong th ny ta phn tch tn hiu theo s thay i ca ngun tn hiu mt chiu hay xoay chiu . V d : Phn tch ng c tuyn ca Diode

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Mc mch nh hnh v . phn tch ng c tuyn ca diode ta chn dng th DC SWEEP Graph . Nhp vo th xut hin hp thoi Edit DC Sweep Graph

Trong : Graph title : tn th Sweep variable : tham s thay i . y ta phn tch cng dng in qua diode theo s bin i ca in p t vo hai u diode nn ta chn Sweep variable l V Start value : in p khi u chn khong -800mv Stop value : in p kt thc chn khong 800mv th phn tch :

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Gii tch mch trn my vi tnh

Hng dn s dng ISIS

ng cong trn th biu th c tnh ca diode ch dn in khi in p phn cc thun ln hn 0.7 v III. M Phng Vi iu Khin : Mt trong nhng tnh nng ni tri ca ISIS l c kh nng m phng cc loi vi iu khin nh PIC , 8951, AVR Chng trnh np s c vit v bin dch bi cc phn mm khc nh: assembler, spkt, asm01, bascom, .. Sau khi bin dch xong s to thnh mt file *HEX ( i vi 8951) v c s dng trong qu trnh m phng Trong V d sau y ta th m phng vi iu khin n giao thng (trafic light) o cc ng t m ta thng thy . Sau khi ly linh kin v v bus cho cc linh kin ta c s mch nh sau :

Sau khi hon tt ta nhp vo nt PLAY cho chy m phng

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Gii tch mch trn my vi tnh

Hng dn s dng ISIS

Trong PROTUES ISIS h tr rt nhiu cc thit b giao tip vi vi iu khin nh ng c ,led n , led 7 on, led ma trn , mn hnh LCD , cc phm nhn bng tnh, speaker ..vv.. N gip cho bn c th to mt kit th nghi m vi iu khin o bng phn mm ISIS . S m phng bng ISIS tng i chnh xc v c th tin cy c.

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Gii tch mch trn my vi tnh

Hng dn s dng ISIS

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