Cc k hiu trong mt bn nhc

03/01/2010@21h20 862 lt xem Chuyn mc: m nhc 1/ Khung nhc: gm 5 dng k v 4 khe song song dng ghi cc nt nhc. Trong c mt s nt c cao qu cao th c thm mt s dng k ph, ty theo cao ca cc nt m vit dng k ph trn hay di khung nhc

2/ Kha nhc:Dng xc nh v tr trn khung nhc. Gm c 3 loi kha nhc l kha Sol, kha Fa v kha , nhng thng dng nht l kha Sol v kha Fa

kha sol(bn trn), kha Fa(bn di) c t trn khung nhc v cc nt c xc nh trn khung nhc ty theo tng kha nhc. 3/ Nt nhc: l k hiu trong bn nhc dng xc nh cao , trng ca tng m thanh c vang ln trong bn nhc. C 7 k hiu nt nhc dng xc nh cao l (C), R (D), Mi (E), Fa (F), Sol (G), La (A), v Si (H hoc B) xc nh trng ca nt nhc c cao k trn, ngi ta cng dng 7 hnh nt th hin, l:

Th t ca thuc tnh trng ca cc hnh nt trn ln lt c hiu nh sau: -Hnh nt trn c trng ln nht v tng ng vi trng ca 2 nt trng -Hnh nt trng c trng bng 1/2 nt trn v bng 2 nt en -Hnh nt en c trng bng 1/2 nt trng v bng 2 nt mc n -Hnh nt mc n c trng bng 1/2 nt en v bng 2 nt mc kp -Hnh nt mc kp c trng bng 1/2 nt mc n v bng 2 nt mc tam -Hnh nt mc tam c trng bng 1/2 nt mc kp v bng 2 nt mc t -Hnh nt mc t (rt t dng, hu nh khng c) c trng bng 1/2 nt mc tam

CC K HIU TRONG M NHC MC TIU: Kin thc: - HS bit c cc k hiu thng dng trong m nhc. K nng: - Vn dng c trong ghi chp cc bi ht, bn nhc. Thi : - Tch cc trong giao tip s phm. K hiu m, khung nhc, kha nhc . Ky hieu am Am nhac khong viet c bang ky t, muon ghi chep am nhac ngi ta dung cac hnh o van ac hoac rong co uoi hoac khong co uoi (goi la not nhac) e the hien tren khuong nhac

Khung nhc

Khung nhc l nm dng k song song cch u nhau. C nm dng v bn khe chnh c nh s th t t di ln. Ngoi ra cn c cc dng k ph trn v di khung nhc ghi cc nt nhc cao hn hoc thp hn, nhng s dng k ph khng qu nm dng

Khi th hin cho nhiu ngi ht hoc nhc c biu din nhiu b khc nhau ngi ta dng k hiu vch u khung (gi l du Ac-c-lt)

Kho nhc l k hiu t u khung nhc dng n nh mt cao trong hng m, t

 c th suy ra cc cao khc. C nhiu loi kho nhc nh : kho sol, kho fa, kho ,... nhng dng ph bin nht l kho sol. a. Kho Sol2 : dng n nh nt sol nm trn dng k th 2.

Kho Fa4 : dng n nh nt fa nm trn dng k th 4.

Kho 3 : dng n nh nt nm trn dng k th 3.

V tr cc nt nhc c kha sol

V tr cc nt nhc c kha fa V tr cc nt nhc c kha Cao Gia hai bc c cng tn gi l qung tm. Ngi ta chia qung tm thnh 12 phn bng nhau, mi phn l 1/2 cung, th t cc nguyn cung (1 cung) v cc bn cung (1/2 cung) c sp xp theo quy lut sau:

C D EF GAH C Du ho . Khi nim: Du ho l k hiu t u khung nhc hoc t trc mt nt nhc dng bo hiu s thay i v cao ca nt nhc cng tn vi du. C 5 loi du ho l du thng (#), du ging (b), du thng kp (x), du ging kp (bb) v du hon ()

Ho biu ? v tr u khung nhc ngi ta ghi kho nhc, cc du ho v s ch nhp gi l ho biu. Cc du ha t trn ho biu gi l du ho sut, nu chng t v tr nt no th trong sut c bn nhc nt phi thng ln, ging xung hoc hon tr li cao c tu theo du ho n nh. *Du ho bt thng . Cac dau hoa at trc mot not nhac ch anh hng trc tiep en not nhac o va cac not nhac cung ten ng sau no trong cung mot o nhp goi la dau hoa bat thng.

Du thng # (die) . La loai dau hoa at tren hoa bieu hoac at trc mot not nhac co tac dung nang cao o cac not nhac cung ten vi dau thang len 1/2 cung. Du ging : b (bemon) L loi du ho t trn ho biu hoc t trc mt nt nhc c tc dng h cao ca cc nt nhc cng tn vi du ging xung 1/2 cung. V d

Du thng kp: (x) . La loai dau hoa c at trc mot not nhac co tac dung nang cao o cua not nhac cung ten vi dau thang len 1 cung ( t dung ).

Du ging kp: (bb) L loi du ho dng t trc mt nt nhc c tc dng h cao ca nt nhc cng tn vi du ging xung 1 cung (t dng) . Du hon: (bnh) (bka)

Khi cc nt nhc c thng ln hoc ging xung ri, nu mun chng tr v cao c ta dng du hon. Du hon cng c t 2 v tr khc nhau: -Nu t trn ho biu c tc dng hu b ho biu ng trc n (gi l thay i ho biu) . -Nu t trc mt nt nhc c tc dng hu b nh hng ca du ho i vi nt nhc . V d

Trt t ca cc du thng: . cc du thng ln lt xut hin trn ho biu theo th t t tri sang phi l: FA - - SOL -R - LA - MI - SI . Trt t ca cc du ging: Cc du ging ln lt xut hin trn ho biu theo th t t tri sang phi l : SI - MI - LA - R - SOL - - FA . . Trng o Du ngn: l k hiu ch ngn vang ca m thanh. K hiu v tn gi: c 7 hnh nt nhc dng ch trng nh sau :

Gi tr trng : Gi tr trng ca mt hnh nt nhc bng 2 ln gi tr trng ca hnh nt nhc ng lin k sau n

Du lng: L k hiu dng ch s ngng vang ca m thanh trong m nhc. Ngi ta dng du lng ngt cu, chuyn on hoc dng cu trc hnh tng m nhc. K hiu v tn gi:

Gi tr trng : Khi gap ky hieu dau lang ngi an hoac hat phai ngng ngh mot khoang thi gian ung bang thi gian cua dau ngan tng ng. Cc du lm tng thm gi tr trng :

a. Du chm di n: l du chm nh t bn phi mt nt nhc hoc du lng c tc dng lm tng thm 1/2 gi tr trng ca nt nhc hoc du lng . V d: Du chm di kp: l hai chm nh t bn phi mt nt nhc hoc du lng c tc dng lm tng thm 3/4 gi tr trng ca chnh nt nhc hoc du lng . V d: Du ni c k hiu bng hnh vng cung dng ni cc nt nhc c cng cao . Khi gp du ni ngi n hoc ht ch biu din vo nt nhc u tin ri ngn di cho trng cc nt nhc thuc phm vi du ni. V d : Du luyn c k hiu bng hnh vng cung dng ni cc nt nhc khng cng cao .

Khi gp du luyn ta phi luyn ging lin hi cho ng vi cao v trng cc nt nhc nm trong du luyn. V d: Du min nhp: t trn hoc di mt nt nhc hay du lng cho php ngi biu din t ngn di hay ngng ngh ti nt nhc hay du lng m vn m bo tnh ngh thut cao. V d:

m t im: (nt hoa m) c k hiu bng nhng nt nh (Petinot) di dng mc n c gch cho hoc dng mc kp ni lin nhau c vch ngang. m t im khng c gi tr trng trong nhp m n hin din . V d : Du nhc li a. Nhc li mt hnh nt giai iu: Nu trong mt nhp c nhng hnh nt giai iu ging nhau ngi ta khng cn vit c m ch thay bng nhng trng V d : thay cho hnh nt mc kp thay cho hnh nt mc don . Nhac lai mot o nhp: ngi ta dng du % nhc li nhp nu nhp ging nhp trc.

V d :

. Nhac lai oan nhac : Dng nhc li on nhc, khi gp du nhc li ta tin hnh theo s sau : . Nhc li c khung thay i: (Vn-ta)

Nhc li on nhc c khung thay i nhm bo cho ngi biu din bit rng sau khi nhc li on nhc cn b hn cc nhp t khung thay i s 1 tr i m ch n hoc ht vo cc nhp t khung thay i s 2 tr i cho n ht bi. Nu nhc li ln hai th b qua khung thay i s 1 v s 2 n hoc ht tip vo khung thay i s 3 cho n ht bi. V d: Dau hoi: Dng nhc li ton b tc phm m nhc t u n ht bi.

Lu : Nu cn nhc li t u cho n ch ht (Fine) th cui bn nhc ngi ta ghi : "DC al fine" v ghi ch Fine ch cn chm dt. V d : Du Coda: Thng dng cho tc phm m nhc c on kt. Khi gp du Coda ngi biu din b hn on nhc t du Coda th nht tr i m ch n hoc ht tip vo on nhc t du Coda th hai tr i cho n ht bi.

Lu : Nu trong mt bn nhc c s dng cc du vit tt nh du nhc li, du hi, Coda, th ta ln lt s dng du nhc li tip theo l du hi ri n du Coda. V d?: Cch ghi m cho tc phm m nhc Nguyn tc chung: - Nt nhc nm pha trn dng k 3 ui quay xung.

- Nt nhc nm di dng k 3 ui quay ln. - Nt nhc nm dng k 3 th tu theo cc nt xung quanh m quay ui ln hoc xung cho p. - Mc ca nt nhc lun nm pha phi ui nhc .V d: Cch ghi m cho tc phm thanh nhc Mi ca t ch ng vi mt nt nhc v phi vit tch ri cc nt nhc, ch dng vch ngang trng cho cc nhm nt nhc nm trong du luyn.

Cch ghi m cho kh nhc Chc cc bn thnh cng!

1.

Khi nim nhc l m u, Cc k hiu trong m nhc, Su tm K HIU M NHC: 1. Tn cc du nhc: c cao khc nhau m ngi ta thng dng l : DO, RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI gc ting La-tinh, c theo ting Vit l , R, M, FA, XON, LA, XI. l 7 bc c bn ca h thng by m, tnh t thp ln cao. Mun ln cao hoc xung thp hn, ngi ta lp li tn u cc bc trn vi cao cch nhau tng 7 bc mt (cn gi l bt ). 2. K hiu nt nhc: Ngi ta cng cn dng cc ch ci La-tinh gi tn cc bc c bn trn : xi : B (theo trng phi c l H) la : A xon : G fa : F mi : E r : D : C 3 . Cc gi tr ca nt nhc: tng ng ta c cc gi tr ca du lng: Ghi ch : y l cc nt nhc sp xp 1 cch t nhin . 4. Khong cch v cao tng i gia cc bc khng ng u nhau: - Khong cch nh nht trong by m gi l na cung, gia Mi vi Fa v Xi vi . - Khong cch ln nht gia hai bc c bn i lin nhau gi l nguyn cung : gia vi R, R vi Mi, Fa vi Xon, Xon vi La, v La vi Xi. Nh vy khong cch m thanh gia thp v cao k tip gm 12 na cung, hoc 6 nguyn cung. Ni cch khc, qung tm (C1-C2) gm 12 m cch nhau u n tng na cung mt (h thang m iu ha).

5. Du ho: l nhng k hiu cho bit cc bc c bn c tng ln hay gim xung tng na cung iu ha. 5.1. - Du thng: (#) lm tng ln na cung. 5.2. - Du ging: (b) lm gim xung na cung. 5.3 - Du bnh: lm cc nt nhc c du ha tr v cao t nhin. - Du ha cu thnh ghi u khung nhc, cn gi l ha biu, nh hng n mi du nhc cng tn trong cng mt on nhc. - du ha bt thng ch nh hng n cc du nhc cng tn trong cng mt nhp. 6. Mun ghi cao tuyt i ca cc m thanh, ngi ta dng n khung nhc v kha nhc. 6.1. Khung nhc : Hin nay ngi ta dng 5 ng k song song, to thnh 4 khe song song, tnh th t t di ln. Trn khung nhc , ta c 11 v tr khc nhau, ghi c 11 bc c bn. Mun ghi thm, ngi ta dng cc dng k ph : 6.2. Kho nhc : dng xc nh tn cc du nhc ghi trn khung nhc. Kho nhc c ghi u mi khung nhc.

(Gio trnh ca ngh s L Hng Phong)

Chn bn nhc vo trong Word

Cch dng font Musiqwik v Musisync chn bn nhc vo trong ti liu Mt s ngi vit th hi ti, mun trnh by trong Winword va ti liu va nhc th phi lm th no. Nu vit bng Encore, chp mn hnh ri insert vo trong Word th hnh b rng ca, in n khng c p. Cch y khong 3 nm v trc, tp ch Lm Bn Vi My Vi Tnh c gii thiu cch dng font Musiqwik v Musisync c th vit nhc ngay trong trnh son tho vn bn nh Word chng hn cho d trnh by v in n, nhng bi vit ch ni thong qua. Nay nhn bn Peter gii thiu font ny nn ti vit li bi ny mong gip ch cho cc bn trong vic trnh by ti liu c km nhc, th d nh hnh di y:

Vi iu cn nh 1- Trc ht, xin hy lu l nhng bn nhc c vit ngay trn trang ti liu ny m khng cn phi dng Encore, Final, Sibelius hoc chng trnh son nhc no khc u nh. Bn nhc y thc cht l nhng phng ch, cch dng nh bao phng ch khc vy, ngha l cng c th bi en chn, canh l, tng gim kch thc v.v Chng ta thay v dng phng ch th d nh VNI-Times g ra vn bn chng hn, th nay ta li dng phng ch Musiqwik g ra bi nhc th thi, chng hn nh g ch A trong VNI-Times th ra ch A, nhng g ch A bng font Musiqwik th ra nt Si mc n chng hn. Nguyn tc ch yu l th thi. 2- K n, xin qu v lu cho, ngi thit k cc font Musiqwik (nt nhc trong khung) v font Musisync (nt nhc ri) ch cho chng ta tm thi vit nhng bn nhc thng thng m thi, ch kh m vit cho chun c mt bn giao hng u nh! V vy cho nn chng ta s liu m x tr lm sao cho thch hp trong cng vic. Bn nhc c th bao gm hu ht cc k t m nhc v li (tt nhin, v li chng ta son bng Word m). 3- Vic add fonts cng bnh thng nh bao phng ch khc. Sau khi download v v gii nn, trong th mc s c nhiu tp tin gii thiu v bn quyn, nhng bn ch cn 3 phng ch ch yu l Musisync, Musiqwik v MusiqwikB (icon c k hiu TrueType 2 ch

T lng vo nhau), bn ch cn install 3 fonts vo th mc Fonts ca Windows l s dng c ngay nh nhng phng ch TrueType thng thng khc (c khi cn phi restart li my). Download min ph cc font Music y ti y. 4- Ngoi Word ra, bn vn c th dng n trong cc chng trnh khc nh Wordpad, Notepad, CorelDraw, Photoshop chng hn, v n l font TrueType m. Bn yn tm, khi in ra, cc nt nhc v khung nhc rt sc nt. Nhng xin hy cn thn l khi bn em ti liu y i in nhng my tnh khc th my tnh cng phi c cc font Musi ny mi c y nh! ng son nh th thy nghim chnh, nhng khi a ra dch v in th li chng thy nhc g c l vy. Mun Word tch hp sn Font nt nhc ny vo trong vn bn, khi nhn Save As lu, bn cn nhn vo Tools menu Save Options Embed TrueType Fonts OK sau mi nhn nt Save, lc y ti liu vn bn y c nhng Font nt nhc ny vo nn bn c th mang theo m trn cc my tnh khc s hin th v in n chnh xc c. (Cch ny cng thng c p dng cho cc font Th php ca chng ti, c th nhng vo trong Word a sang my tnh khc d khng c font th php y vn hin th v in n chnh xc c).

5- Cc fonts ny c tc gi Robert Allgeyer thit k t sn cng c th nhng (embed) vo trong ti liu dng PDF, cho nn y l mt li th rt ln. Ngha l nu bn son ti liu (gm vn bn v bn nhc) trn Winword, bn c th dng CutePDFWriter nh ti ni cc bi vit trc, chuyn file Word (*.doc) thnh file dng PDF th rt tin khi mang i ni khc, v file PDF c nhng sn fonts Musi ny vo lun ri nn cc my tnh khc khng cn c font Musi ny cng vn c c v in n chnh xc c. iu ny rt tin dng v hu nh ngy nay dng PDF u cng dng, nht l chuyn giao trn mng Internet rt thun tin. Cch vit nhc trong Word Nh chng ti ni trn, bn nhc y cng ch l phng ch m thi, cc k t trn bn phm trong phng ch ny hin th mt nt nhc mt v tr khc nhau, ta mun ghi nhc th ta cn bit k t no trn bn phm tng ng vi nt nhc no. Qu tht khng d dng g nh cho ht k t no l nt g, cho nn cch hay nht l k t no ta bit th ta g trc tip, k t no khng nh th ta dng lnh Insert symbols chn vo, symbols y chnh l phng ch Musiqwik y. Ta cng c th nng cao k nng trong Word bng cch t nt nhc hay k t no quen dng thnh phm tt cho d s dng theo mnh, bng cch chn nt trong bng Insert Symbol, click vo nt Shortcut key, click t hp phm bn mun g tt vo khung ri OK l xong thi. chn nhc, ngay trong ti liu, bn insert Symbol, chn trong khung Font l Musiqwik ri nhp p vo nt nhc mnh cn, sau khi vit xong khung nhc c nt (tc l dng font Musiqwik), bn nhn Enter xung hng v g li nhc bng ting Vit vi phng ch bnh thng.

Theo hnh trn l chng ti t phm tt Ctrl+Alt+W dng ghi vch nhp ngoi bn tri l vy. Ring mt s k t khc kh quen thuc th chng ta nn nh cho quen dn, th d nh khi dng font Musiqwik, ta g du & th n thnh kha Sol ngay, g du = th n thnh khung nhc ngay, dn dn ri ta s quen v chc chn l s nhanh thi. Trn bng Insert Symbol, khi ta chn mt k t nt nhc th cc thng tin v n s hin th ngay bn di. Cch trn l vit cc nt nhc trn khung, cn nu bn mun vit cc nt nhc ri th bn s dng font Musisync, cch dng cng nh trnh by trn. Tt nhin cch vit ny ch l tng i cho cc bn nhc n gin minh ha trong ti liu m thi, do n cn rt nhiu hn ch. Tuy nhin khi dng cch ny th in n cc nt nhc s rt p v cc nt nhc khng phi l i tng hnh nh na m l file phng ch nn cc k t khi in n rt sc nt l vy. Xin gii thiu vi qu v v mi ngi

1.

@HoangTrung: Ti trnh by nh phn trn ri. Bn install bnh thng nh cc phng ch khc vy: nhn Start Settings Control Panel Fonts nhn menu Files ca th mc Fonts Install New fonts nhn Browse tm n ni fonts va download v Select fonts OK th l ci fonts vo my tnh. Cch s dng nh ti trnh by bng cch Insert symbol nh ni. Chc bn thnh cng.

2. Tun: Ngha l install fonts nh nhng font bnh thng khc thi: C nhiu cch install cc phng ch vo my, sau y l cch tin nht: Bn m nt Start Settings Control Panel Fonts, bn s thy cc phng ch c trong my tnh ca bn. M menu File Install New Font, hp thoi Add Fonts s xut hin nh hnh bn. Bn click vo mi tn ch xung trong khung Drives v tm n th mc cha cc phng ch ca bn cn install v click vo th mc , cc phng ch s xut hin khung pha trn, bn nhn Select All chn tt c, nhn OK ci t cc phng ch y vo my. Sau bn Khi ng my li l xong. Ti ngh chuyn ny ai cng bit t lu ri ch?!

3. @AnhTi: Sao li khng nh? Ci biu tng c ch A l th mc Fonts y. Chng l t trc ti nay chu cha ci fonts vo my tnh bao gi sao? vn c ch. ci t fonts, i vi WinXP, chu vo Start Settings Control Panel Fonts m menu Files Click chn Install New Fonts. i vi Win Vista hoc Win 7, chu dng chut bi en chn cc fonts cn ci t, click nt phi chut vo font, chn Install l xong.

Chp nhc vi Finane

Th nm, 16 Thng 12 2010 08:32 Ngc Khu

Cng chp nhc vi Finale - Phn 1 Gii thiu phn mm, to mu chp ca khc
Cng cc bn! y l mt phn mm chp nhc rt mnh c dng ph bin nc ta sau Encore. Chng trnh cho php nhp nt nhc, li ca v cc k hiu m nhc, chnh sa v in n Ti dng phn mm ny chp nhc t lu, (trc y ti cng tng dng Encore), y l mt phn mm chp nhc rt tin li v phong ph. Xin trch gii thiu cng cc bn bi vit ca Nguyn Mai Kin (Trng i hc VHNT Qun i) nh. Nu c ngi ci sn cho bn ri th c th b qua phn u, m mu ra ri bt u vo phn chp nh!

1. Gii thiu phn mm v nhng tnh nng trong Finale Giao din chun windows mi gm cc thanh cng c vi cc chc nng m file, ng file, copy v dn, hiu chnh cc thanh cng c, t chng bt c ni no cng nh giu chng i.

 T ng dn dng v nt nhc trong khi nhp nt nhc, c hai cch nhp nt trc tip bng bn phm hay tng bc th cng. C nhng tnh nng dn cc nt nhc trong mi nhp cho ph hp vi li ca hay k hiu hp m. Trong phn Page View c chc nng chi li bn nhc t ng cun khung nhc tin cho vic xem v nghe. Cc tnh nng Smart Shapes bao gm cc k hiu hay dng nh Glissando, Bend, Slide, Cng c k bng tay...Cc bn c th d dng to ra cc k hiu Pedal, k hiu cho guitar, v nhiu cng c khc na. Chc nng Snap to Grid v Guideline cho php bn d dng t v tr cc k hiu, s nhp, hng ch, du quay li, v cc k hiu khc theo mt ng ngang hoc ng dc m bn t trc. Font Maestro mi cho bn nhng k hiu v nt nhc theo mt chun chuyn nghip. Font Jazz chp tay (dnh cho ngi ng k bn Finale 2000 tr ln chnh thc) cho php bn to ra cc bn nhc ging nh cc bn nhc Jazz chp tay. Cng c Staff cho php bn nhiu c hi tu bin khung nhc, dch ging, thay i s dng trn mt khung... Nhiu tnh nng trong phn Mass Mover Tool c chuyn n phn Staff Tool tin dng hn. Tnh nng chn tng phn trong nhp cng c sn trong Staff Tool cng nh Mass Mover Tool. Tnh nng chn tng phn cng nh chn tng nhp c a vo menu Edit.

 Tnh nng Beaming Style (ni cc nt nhc theo tng cm) c ci tin v a vo mc Dialog Box. Tnh nng nhp c file Encore t phn mm Encore 3.0 hay cao hn. Bn c th hiu chnh li v ghi li thnh file ca chng trnh Finale. 2. Khi ng Phn mm Sau khi ci t phn mm, biu tng ca n s nm ngoi mn hnh. Nu khng thy, bn c th nhn chut vo Start - Programs - Finale 2000 - Finale 2000. Nhn p vo biu tng Finale 2000 ngoi mn hnh. Bn s thy mt Wizard sau:

Wizart ny cho php bn to mt tc phm mi theo tng bc. Hy nhp tn bi vo Title, tn tc gi vo Composer. Chon Page size l A4.

 Portrait cho php bn to vn bn theo kh giy chiu dc Landscape cho php bn to vn bn theo kh giy chiu ngang Tip theo nhn Next

Trong wizard tip theo, chp ca khc mt b, bn chn bn tri l Vocals, gia l Soprano, sau nhn Add Nhn Finish 3. To mu chp ca khc i li tn bi, ngi sng tc, nhng ghi ch bn c th dng cng c text tool trn thanh cng c chnh.

Lc ny trn cc dng tn bi, ngi sng tc s hin ln mt vung nh. Bn hy nhn p chut vo vung ny v nh li ch nh mun.

Nhn chut, gi v r n v tr khc sp xp li theo mun t loi nhp nh sau: t k hiu loi nhp bng cch nhn vo mc Time Signature Tool trn thanh cng c chnh. Sau khi chn cng c ny, bn nhn chut vo nhp u tin ca bn nhc. Hp thoi Time Signature s hin ra

Nhn chut vo thanh trt Number of Beats iu chnh s phch trong nhp - (t s). Nhn chut vo thanh trt Beats Duration iu chnh phn mu s (gi tr ca phch) Nhn OK xc nhn. Gi tr trong phn Measure Region c ngha l: Measure 1 through 5 : Cho php bn t loi nhp trong phm vi t nhp 1

n nhp 5. Measure 1 through End of Piece: cho php bn t loi nhp c gi tr t nhp 1 n ht bn nhc. t ho biu ca bn nhc

Nhn vo mc Key Signature Tool trn thanh cng c chnh. Sau khi chn cng c ny, bn nhn chut vo nhp u tin ca bn nhc. Hp thoi Key Signature s hin ra

Nhn chut vo thanh trt iu chnh ha biu cho bn nhc, nhn u trn thanh trt cho bn cc ging c du thng, nhn chut xung di thanh trt s cho ging c du ging. Nhn OK xc nhn.

4. Lu file mu Sau khi to ra mu chp ca khc theo mnh bn cn lu file ny c th m v chp ca khc sau ny. Trnh t nh sau: Nhn biu tng Save trn thanh cng c chnh , hoc nhn chut vo

menu File v chn Save (bn c th nhn t hp phm Ctrl+S) Hp thoi Save as hin ra.

Chn th mc lu file, bn hy nhn vo khung Save in Nhp tn file vo khung File name, v d l: Chieu thu den Nhn Save lu file. (Lu tn ca khc s khc vi tn file. Bn c th lu tn file bt k, min l thun li cho vic tm li sau ny) Khi lu, file Chieu thu den.mus s nm trong a cng. Ln sau khi m file v chnh sa, bn ch vic nhn Ctrl+S v khng phi t li tn file na.

- Nguyn Mai Kin 1. Ln cp nht cui lc Th nm, 16 Thng 12 2010 10:24 Cc khi nim nhc l m u, Cc k hiu trong m nhc

Hm trc mnh post bi cc bn lm wen vi cy n ri, gi s thm mt cht v nhc l c bn nh.

K HIU M NHC: ti liu ny c tng hp t mt s sch v da trn nn Gio trnh ca ngh s L Hng Phong, bn no trch dn sang ni khc vui lng ghi r ngun gc. Xin cm n nhiu!

1. Tn cc du nhc: c cao khc nhau m ngi ta thng dng l : DO, RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI gc ting La-tinh, c theo ting Vit l , R, M, FA, XON, LA, XI. l 7 bc c bn ca h thng tht m, tnh t thp ln cao. Mun ln cao hoc xung thp hn, ngi ta lp li tn du cc bc trn vi cao cch nhau tng qung 8 mt (cn gi l bt ). 2. K hiu nt nhc: Ngi ta cng cn dng cc ch ci La-tinh gi tn cc bc c bn trn : xi : B (c sch k hiu l H) la : A xon : G fa : F mi : E r : D : C 3 . Cc gi tr ca nt nhc:

tng ng ta c cc gi tr ca giu ngh :

Ghi ch : y l cc nt nhc sp xp 1 cch t nhin . 4. Khong cch v cao tng i gia cc bc khng ng u nhau : - Khong cch nh nht trong tht m gi l na cung, gia Mi vi Fa v Xi vi . - Khong cch ln nht gia hai bc c bn i lin nhau gi l nguyn cung : gia vi R, R vi Mi, Fa vi Xon, Xon vi La, v La vi Xi. - Nh vy khong cch m thanh gia thp v cao k tip gm 12 na

cung, hoc 6 nguyn cung. Ni cch khc, qung tm ( - ) gm 12 m cch nhau u n tng na cung mt Hnh minh ha :

5. Du ho: l nhng k hiu cho bit cc bc c bn c tng ln hay gim xung tng na cung iu ho. 5.1. - Du thng : (#) lm tng ln na cung. 5.2. - Du ging : (b) lm gim xung na cung.

5.3 - Du bnh :

lm cc nt nhc cho tr v cao t nhin.

- Du ho cu thnh ghi u khung nhc, cn gi l ho biu, nh hng n mi du nhc cng tn trong cng mt on nhc - du ho bt thng ch nh hng n cc du nhc cng tn trong cng mt nhp 6. Mun ghi cao tuyt i ca cc m thanh, ngi ta dng n khung

nhc v kho nhc. 6.1. Khung nhc : Hin nay ngi ta dng 5 ng k song song, to thnh 4 khe song song, tnh th t t di ln. Trn khung nhc , ta c 11 v tr khc nhau, ghi c 11 bc c bn. Mun ghi thm, ngi ta dng cc dng k ph :

6.2. Kho nhc : dng xc nh tn cc du nhc ghi trn khung nhc. Kho nhc c ghi u mi khung nhc.

Cc nt nhc trong khung Cc nt nhc c bn trong bn nhc t thp n cao s l - R Mi Fa Son La Xi - , k hiu l C D E F G A B (ci ny hnh nh ni trn) cao thp gia cc nt l hon ton khc nhau. By gi ta s tm hiu v "cung". Cung l n v (nm na thi) dng xc nh cao gia cc nt. Nu k hiu du "+" l 1 cung, du "-" l na cung th khong cch gia cc nt c bn trong bn nhc l nh sau: C + D+ E F+ G +A+B C C ngha l " R cch 1 cung, Mi cch R 1 cung, Fa cch Mi na cung, Son cch Fa 1 cung, La cch Son 1 cung, Xi cch Son 1 cung, ( qung 8 tip theo ) cch Xi na cung. 1 cung c xc nh trn ghita ta chnh l 2 phm khng lin tc ( tc l gia c 1 phm khc ), t cch ni trn th na cung chnh l 2 phm lin nhau. C th hiu l nh sau: VD Dy G (Son) l dy th 4 t trn xung theo cch cm n, Theo trn th Son cch La 1 cung, vy bm vo phm u tin ca dy G v nh ta s c G# (Son thng), bm tip phm th 2 v nh ta s c La ( A ) Dy B (Xi) l dy th 5 t trn xung theo cch cm n, theo trn th Xi cch ( qung 8 tip theo) na cung, v vy bm phm u tin ca dy B v nh ta s c . Ni nh th chc mi ngi cng d hiu. Cn v cch k hiu cc nt trn khung nhc th t b n gi ai trong chng ta cng c hc qua ri (T lp 2 hay 1 khng nh) nn mng s khng ni n na. Cc k hiu khc 1) Nhp Trc tin ni v cc nt trong 1 bi ht hay tab th chng ta cn phi tm hiu qua v khi nim nhp. y l khi nim rt quan trng m mi chng ta mun nh c 1 bi ht no y u phi bit c nhp ca n, cm nhn c nhp s gip chng ta nh thnh cng bi ht . Chc trong chng ta ai cng bit ci bi ht " B i b chu yu b lm." ch ? (Ni th thi mnh cng qun mt bi y tn g ri ) By gi va ht li bi ht y va nhp chn u n, bt u nhp cng lc vi ht "B i b chu yu b lm" Nu bn nhp c 1 cch t nhin v u n th s nhn thy rng nhng ci nhp chn ca mnh ri vo nhng t "B, yu, lm" chnh l "mt ci nhp chn" c ngha l 1 nt en. Cn nhng t "i, chu. B.." khong gia mi nhp y, gi l 1 phch. GI nu chng ta nhp chn nhanh hn, 1 ci mnh 1 ci nh th nhng ci nhp mnh s l

nhng t "B, yu, lm", cn nhng ci nhp nh s ri vo nhng t "i, chu. B.." l 1 VD v nhp v phch. 2) Nhp 2/4, 3/4, 4/4... Khi nhn vo bn nhc in, ta s thy ngay u khung nhc u tin bao gi cng c mt ci phn s 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 6/8... hoc mt ci ch ging nh ch "C" ... ch "C" cng tng ng vi 4/4, cn cc "phn s" th ngha nh sau: Theo bi tp nhp chn m chng ta va lm, th khong ko di t mt "nhp mnh" cho n "nhp mnh" tip theo s gi l mt "nhp". Cn mi nhp mnh hoc nhp nh trong mt nhp nh vy s gi l mt "phch". Theo cch ghi "phn s" th "t s" bng vi s phch trong mt nhp. Cn mu s th l s dng xc nh trng (l thi gian "ngn di") mi phch, theo cng thc "trng mi phch = trng nt trn chia cho mu s". V d bi "B i b" trn, bi ny theo nhp 2/4, tng t ta c nhp 3/4, nhp 4/4... 3) Nt en Mt nt nhc ko di "mt ci nhp chn" nh chng ta va lm trn tnh l mt nt en. Trn bn nhc l mt "ht" en c mt ci "cn" chng ln hoc chng xung. 4) Nt trn Mt nt nhc ko di "bn ci nhp chn" th tnh l mt nt trn. Theo cch "cm nhn nhp" nh va lm th chng ta bt u t nt en ti v n ng bng mt ci nhp chn. Cn theo cch t tn, th ngi ta bt u t nt trn, gi nt trn l "nt", cn nt en bng mt phn t nt trn nn gi l "nt mt phn t". Trn bn nhc, nt trn l mt ht trng, nhng ch l ht khng, khng c bt k mt ci cn no. 5) Nt trng n y chng ta hnh dung c l mt nt en l nt "ngn di" bng mt nhp chn "thng thng", v cho d tip cn, ta hy coi y nh l "mt n v o nhp". Tng t nh mt n v ca h thp phn l "mt". Cng nh h thp phn, chng ta khng biu din hai ln mt l "mt v mt" m l "hai", th y, chng ta cng khng th hin mt nt "ngn di" bng hai ln nt en bng cch vit 02 nt en m dng mt "nt trng" (hay nt mt na v "ngn di" bng na nt trn). Nu nt en l "mt" th nt trng l "hai". Trong bn nhc in nt trng c "v" bng mt ht trng v cng c cn chng ln hoc chng xung. 6) Nt mc n Nu nt en ca chng ta ging nh l "mt" th nt mc n l "mt phn hai". Nt

mc n "ngn di" bng na nt en tc l "ngn di" bng mt phn tm nt trn, nn cn gi l nt mt phn tm. Trn bn nhc in, nt mc n c "v" bng mt ht en c mt ci cn chng ln hoc chng xung, u ci cn c mt ci "ngong" hoc mt gch ngang ni vi cn ca mt (hoc hai) nt ln cn. 7) Nt mc kp Nu nt mc n l mt phn hai th mc kp l "mt phn t". Nt mc kp "ngn di" bng na nt mc n, bng mt phn t nt en, v bng mt phn mi su nt trn, cho nn cn gi l nt mt phn mi su. Trn bn nhc in, nt mc kp c "v" bng mt ht en c mt ci cn chng ln hoc chng xung, ui ci cn c hai ci "ngong" hoc hai ci gch ngang ni vi cn ca mt (hoc hai) nt ln cn. 8) Nt mc... cao hn v d m nhp chn trn, ta thy nt mc kp l "nhanh" lm ri, tuy nhin, nu cn thit, th ty nhu cu th hin c th s dng c nhng nt "nhanh" hn na l nt mc ba (ba ngong hoc ba gch ui) "ngn di" bng na nt mc kp, hay nt mc bn (bn ngong hoc bn gch) "ngn di" bng mt phn t nt mc kp. Cn nhng nt "nhanh" hn na, nu c nghe thy i na, chc l cng khng th no m phn bit c. 9) Chm di lm cho guitar ca chng ta ku c mt nt, ta phi bm mt phm trn n (hoc chn mt dy bung), gy dy ang bm (hoc dy bung chn), dy n s bt u ku. Dy n s ku cho n khi (mt cch t nhin) t "ht hi", tc l cho n khi dy khng cn dao ng na, hoc cho n khi (mt cch nhn to) ta nhc ngn bm ln (hoc ly tay chn n li). Dng c ch nh trn, v theo cch nhp chn, chng ta c th chi cc nt mc kp, mc n, nt en, nt trng, nt trn. Tuy nhin, vn c nhng nt "ngn di" mt khong lng l gia cc nt m ta bit. V d, by gi nhc s mun th hin mt nt "ngn di" ba phch, tc l ba nt en lin tip, hoc mt nt trng mt nt en, hoc mt nt en mt nt trng... Du "chm di" s c s dng trong trng hp ny. Du ny c s dng th hin nhng ci nt c di "mt ri" kiu nh v d trn. t du chm di (c hnh dng nh mt du chm cu thng thng) ngay sau mt nt nhc (ngang hng vi ci ht), s c mt nt "ngn di" gp ri nt nhc y. Trong trng hp v d mt nt "ngn di" ba phch ca chng ta, ch cn "v" mt nt trng vi mt du chm ngay ng sau, ngang hng vi ci ht.

10) Du lng (Nt cm) Nt "cm" cng l mt nt nhng m khng ku, c gi l du "lng".Du lng l du hiu nm na l dng gia 1 on nhc, khng nh na. Nt nhc c bao nhiu kiu "ngn di" th du lng cng c by nhiu kiu "im lng ".Trn bn nhc in, nhng g hay nm cng "khu vc" vi cc nt nhc nhng khng phi l chm di hay du ni th ni chung u l du lng. Ht vung nho nh b di dng k gia khung nhc l lng bn phch, cng ht y m ci c ln trn dng k ny l lng hai phch, con giun long ngong ngn ngn beo bo (nh phn bit vi mt con khc cng long ngong nhng di m khng bo y l th khc) nm theo chiu dc l lng en mt phch, hi ging s by l lng n na phch, cn nhng th trng nh bn chi nh rng th ty vo s "lng" bn tri m tnh phch, hai lng th chia i lng n, ba lng th chia bn... Chi du lng trn guitar th hoc l dng tay phi chn nh vo ci dy ang ku, hoc l hi nhc ngn tay tri ang bm ci ni ang cn "lng", sao cho ngn ny vn cn chm vo dy (hi chm vo thi, khng phi l nhc ln ri li bm li ) TAB GAM A-TAB Nh ni trn th TAB l 1 th rt quan trng th hin 1 on nhc hay c 1 bi nhc cho ghita l khng cn phi vit c khung nhc v nt nhc. C th ni rng tab l mt ci h thng th hin khc ginh cho n guitar. Trong phn A ny mnh s gii thiu v cc loi TAB thng c ghi v cch c chng cho mi ngi c th hiu r v n, t c th nh c 1 bn nhc qua TAB. 1 Cc cch vit: TAB c ghi theo rt nhiu kiu nhng th hin ton on nhc 1 cch y nht th cch 1 c s dng rng ri nht. Cch 1: e||-----------------------------------------|| B||-----------------------------------------|| G||-----------------------------------------|| D||-----------------------------------------|| A||-----------------------------------------|| E||-----------------------------------------|| VD: e||---0----0----0----0-|--0----0----0----0--|| B||---0----0----0----0-|--1----1----1----1--|| G||---0----0----0----0-|--0----0----0----0--||

D||---2----2----2----2-|--2----2----2----2--|| A||---2----2----2----2-|--3----3----3----3--|| E||---0----0----0----0-|--------------------|| e||--------------------------5(2)--------------------------| B||----------------------5(2)----5(2)----------------------| G||------------------6(3)------------6(3)------------------| D||--------------7(4)--------------------7(4)--------------| A||-----4(1)-7(4)----------------------------7(4)-4(1)-----| E||-5(2)----------------------------------------------5(2)-| trn th bn TAB c vit theo chiu ngang nn thun li cho vic ngi xem hnh dung ra vic mnh cn phi nh nh th no d hn. Cch 2: EADGBe |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |....| VD: EADGBe ||||1| ||2||| |3|||| |||||| |....| EADGBe |1|||| 2|||22 |||3|| |44||| |....|

trn th bn TAB li c vit theo chiu dc, kh khn hn cho vic ngi xem phi hnh dung ra vic mnh cn phi nh nh th no, hn na kh nng th hin ca n hn ch hn cch 1 nhiu.

Cn y l 1 bin th khc ca cch 2: EADGBe |||||| |**||| |||||| |||||| 2 Cch c TAB: VD nh on nhc di y: e||--------------------------5(2)--------------------------| B||----------------------5(2)----5(2)----------------------| G||------------------6(3)------------6(3)------------------| D||--------------7(4)--------------------7(4)--------------| A||-----4(1)-7(4)----------------------------7(4)-4(1)-----| E||-5(2)----------------------------------------------5(2)-| y th ch s khng trong ngoc n ch phm m ta cn bm, cn ch s trong ngoc n ch ngn tay tri dng bm dy, quy c l ngn tr s (1), ngn gia (2), ngn eo nhn (3), ngn t (4). ( Thng th cc bn Tab m ta kim c trn mng thng khng c phn ch s trong ngoc n, lc ny th cn phi da vo quy lut bm theo th t t trn xung" m nh) Cch c ny c p dng cho c cch 1 v 2. Bin th ca cch 2 c nh sau: Cc du * c ngha l nhng dy cn bm. EADGBe |||||| |**||| |||||| |||||| Theo cch trn th th hin bin th ca cch 2 bng cch 1 nh sau: e||-----------------|| B||-----------------|| G||-----------------|| D||-- 2 ------------|| A||-- 2 ------------|| E||-----------------|| Vy l xong phn tm hiu v TAB, rt d hiu phi khng? B - Gam

1 Gii thiu v Gam: Gam (hay cn gi l hp m) l 1 t hp cc nt m khi c bm cng 1 lc s to nn m thanh c trng cho 1 m ch hoc th no . K hiu Gam ging k hiu cc nt nhc : C D EF GAB -K hiu ca Gam trng y ht nh trn. Nhng hp m trng thng to sc thi vui ti, thanh thot -K hiu Gam th thm ch m vo ng sau: Cm Dm Em Fm Gm Am Bm Nhng hp m th thng to sc thi bun b, trm lng -K hiu Gam 7 thm s 7" vo ng sau: C7 D7 E7 F7 G7 A7 B7 Nhng hp m 7 thng to sc thi ngang, vnh so vi hp m trng. -K hiu Gam thng thm du #" vo ng sau: C# D# E# F# G# A# B# -K hiu Gam ging thm ch b" vo ng sau: Cb Db Eb Fb Gb Ab Bb Trn l nhng k hiu Gam c bn m khi nh chng ta rt hay gp phi. Cn rt nhiu loi khc nh Gam 6, Gam th 7 , Gam thng th . mnh khng tin vit ra. Tt nht mi ngi nn tm 1 quyn sch no c in tt c cc hp m ca ghita tp. 2 Mt s gam c bn trng ( k hiu C)

th ( k hiu Cm)

R trng ( k hiu D )

R th ( k hiu Dm )

Mi trng ( k hiu E )

Mi th ( k hiu Em )

Fa trng ( k hiu F )

Fa th (k hiu Fm)

Son trng (k hiu G)

Son th (k hiu Gm)

La trng (k hiu A)

La th (k hiu Am)

Si trng (k hiu B)

Si th (k hiu Bm)

3 Cch bm nhng Gam c bn C, Cm: nh cng lc 5 dy A - D - G - B - e D, Dm: nh cng lc 4 dy D - G - B - e E, Em: nh cng lc c 6 dy F, Fm: nh cng lc c 6 dy G, Gm: nh cng lc c 6 dy A, Am: nh cng lc 5 dy A - D - G - B - e B, Bm: nh cng lc 5 dy A - D - G - B - e Ch : nhng ch c ci cnh cung nh F hay Cm th phi chn dy (dn ngn tr bm

ton b 1) Nhng kiu nh trn l kiu nh Gam chun, cn nhng kiu khc nh b 1, 2 nt hay ch nh 1 nt nhng vn bm...