DATA STRUKTUR
Data Struktur :
Peruntukan atap bangunan : Aula
Ukuran luasan bangunan : 1200 m2
Bentang konstruksi :30 m`
Jarak antar kolom dan rangka : 5 m
Sudut kemiringan atap : 45 derajat
Bahan penutup atap : genteng metal
Kelas kuat kayu : I
Mutu kayu : A
Konstruksi sambungan : Baut
Peraturan konstruksi : - peraturan muatan konstruksi ( PKKI, 1983)
- peraturan konstruksi kayu Indonesia ( PKKI, 1961)
= 4,2426 m
Batang JK = ST
X2 = 6 m
Y2 = tan . X 2 = tan 45o . 6 m = 6 m
IK =
= 8,483 m
Batang KM = SQ
X3 = 6 m
Y2 = tan . X 2 = tan 45o . 9 m = 9 m
IK =
= 12,728 m
Batang MO = SQ
X4 = 13 m
Y2 = tan . X 2 = tan 45o . 13 m = 13 m
IK =
= 18,384 m
Batang IA = BH = 3 m
Batang AC = GB = 3 m
Batang CD = FG = 6 m
Batang DE = EF = 6 m
Batang DE = 18,387 m
Batang MD = 12,723
Batang KC = 8,4853 m
Batang JA = 4,2426 m
Batang JC = GT
AC = 3 m
JA = 3 m
JC =
= 4,247 m
Batang KD = FS
CD = 6 m
KC = 6 m
KD =
= 8,485281 m
Batang NV = PW
15-9/6 = N-9/3
Ix3=N9
Ix3=N9
3=N9
N=93
N=6m
Panjang (m)
4,243
Nama Batang
JC = GT
Panjang (m)
4,243
IK
8,4853
KD = FS
8,4853
JK
4,243
ME = EQ
13,4241
IM
16,9724
MU = QX
9,4912
KM
8,4926
OV = OW
12,3712
IO
25,4626
LU = RX
MO
8,4926
NV = PW
IA = BH
JA = TB
AC = GB
KC = SG
CD = FG
MD = QF
12
DE = EF
QE
18
b. perhitungan sudut
IAJ = CAJ = segitiga siku-siku
< IAJ = < CAJ = 90o
<IJA = <CJA = 180o ( 90o 44,9997o) = 45, 003o
<JIA = <JCA
Cos I = 3/ 4,2426
P = Cos -1 . 0,7071= 44,997o
KJC = STG
<KJC = <STG
Cos KJC =
< KJC = Cos-1 . 0,707097
< KJC = 45, 00079255
JCK = TGS
Cos JCK =
Cos JCK =
= 0,00097017
KCD = SGF
Cos <KCD =
<KCD = cos-1 . 0,7071 = 45,005o
<CDK = 180 (90 + 45,005) = 44,995o
<NMV =
Cos NMV = 0,72805
NMV = cos-1 . 0,72805 = 43,277o
<MVN =
Cos MVN = Cos-1 . 0,2451 = 75,809o
<VNM = 180o (43,28 + 75,8095 ) = 60,9105o
ONV = OPW
<ONV =
Cos ONV = cos-1 . 0,926 = 22,18036o
<NVO =
Cos NVO = cos-1 . -0,5812 = 125,535o
<VOM = 180 (22,18 + 125,54 ) = 32,28
Cos <DEM =
<DEM = Cos-1 . 0,5547 = 56,3099o
<EMD = 180 ( 90 + 56,3099) = 56, 3099o
<MLU =
Cos MLU =
MLU = cos-1 . 0,75001 = 41,409o
<LUM =
Cos LUM =
LUM = cos-1 . 0,35415 = 69,25864o
<LUM = cos-1 . 0,35451 = 69,25864o
<LUM = 180o ( 45o + 69,25864o) = 65,74136 o
<MUD =
Cos MUD = cos-1 . 0,35355 =69,295o
<DMU = 180 ( 69,295 + 69,295 ) = 41, 44o
<UDM =
Cos UDM = cos-1 . 0,35355 = 69,2954o
<OVE =
Cos OVE = cos-1 . 0,8155 = 35,3632o
<VEO =
Cos VEO = cos-1 . -0,5679 = 124,604o
<EOV = 180 ( 35,3632 + 124,604 ) = 20, 0,328o
BAB II
Perhitungan Dimensi Gording
Data Struktur :
- jarak gording = 5 m
- bahan atap = genteng metal
- jarak gording = 4,24267 m
- ukuran gording = 15/10
- berat atap = 4,55 kg/m
- kemiringan atap = 45o
- kelas kayu = I ( meranti merah 0,99 gr/cm3)
- mutu kayu =A
T`` (kg / cm )
Kelas
kayu I
100
Mutu A : F = 1
100
Terlindung
F= 1
100
85
85
85
106,25
25
25
25
31,25
15
15
15
15
125
a). Berat sendiri = b.h. B .D = 0,15 . 0,10. 0,995. 1200 = 17,91 kg/m3
berat sendiri genteng metal = berat sendiri x jarak gording = 4,55 x 4,2427 = 19,304 kg/m
berat total G = 17,91 + 19, 3043 = 37,215
Gx = G. Sin 45o = 37,21 . sin 45o = 26,3144
Gy = G . cos 45o = 37,21 . cos 45o = 26
c. muatan angin
w = 25 kg / m2
koefisien angin c = 0,02 . 0,004 ( PMI ) = 0,02 . 45o 0,4= 0,5
muatan angin = c. Jarak gording. W = 0,5 . 4,2427 . 25 = 53, 0,3375
qx = Gx = 26, 31447 kg/m
qy = GY + muatan angin = 26, 31447 + 53, 0,3375 = 79,348 kg/m
Mx = 1/8 . qy . L2 + 1/4 . py . L
Mx = 1/8 . 79,34822 . 52 + . 70,7101 . 5
Mx = 247,9632 + 88,388 m
Mx = 336,3511 kg/m
Mx = 33635,11 kg/cm
Fx =
Fx = 0,883 + 0,589 = 1,472
Fy` =
F max =
= 1,885
. 500 = 2,5
. px = . 26,3145 . 5 +
Dy = . qy . L +
. py = . 79,34822 . 5 +
Ty = . Dy / b.h =
Tx = . Dx / b.h =
e. kontrol tegangan
ukuran gording:
wx = . b .h2 = . 10 .152 = 375
wy = . b .h2 = . 102 .15 = 250
ix = . b .h2 = . 10 .152 = 5625
iy =
Tlt = *
. b .h2 =
+
Tlt < 212,5 kg/cm2 = 173,773 kg/cm2 < 212,5 kg/cm2 .... ok
) +(
x ( L+ 5 ) ( L-2) = (30-2) +
*muatan P1
Berat konstruksi
= 2625 kg
= 119,36 kg
= 299,25 kg
= 100 kg
Total
= 3143,61 kg
*muatan P2
Berat konstruksi
= 2625 kg
Berat atap
= 119,36 kg
Berat gording
= 299,25 kg
Lain lain
= 100 kg
Total
= 3144 kg
*muatan P4
Berat hanger = 11
Berat plafond = 7
Hanger + plafond = 18
18 x 7 x 5 = 630 total
*muatan P3
P3 = 0,5 x P4 = 315 kg
Muatan angin
C1 = 0,02 . 0,4 = 0,5 , C2 = 0,4
Tekanan angin yang bekerja = 22 kg / m2
*angin tekan ( wt )
W1 = 4,243 x x 6 x 0,5 x 22 = 140,019 kg = 140 kg
W2 = 4,243 x x 6 x 0,5 x 22 = 140,019 kg = 140 kg
*angin tetap
W1 = 4,243 x x 6 x 0,4 x 22 = 112 kg
W2 = 4,243 x 6 x 0,4 x 22 = 224 kg
W1 = 112 + 224 = 336 kg
Reaksi perletakan :
Mb = 0
VA.30 (Wt .33) (98,994 x 120) (Wt.15) + (98,994 x 18) + (197,989) + (79,19596 x 15)
+(158,392 x 30) ( 79,195 x 3 ) + ( 79,196 x 18 ) + ( 158,392 x 45 ) = 0
VA.30 = -28511 + 10691 + 5702,1 + 8553,2 =
VA = 118,793
ma = 0
VB.30 = - (98,995 x 33 ) (197,989 x 120) (98,995 x 15) + (98,995 x 18) + (197,989 x 45)
+ (197,989 x 45) + (79,1959) + (158,392 x 30) (79,196 x 3) + (79,196) + (158,392)
Kontrol :
VA + VB 6.Wt.Cos 45o + 6.Wi. Cos 45o = 0
118,793 + 118,793 6.280 . cos 45o + 6 . 224 . cos 45o = 0
237,5879 237,5879 = 0
0 = 0 .....ok
Reaksi perletakan :
Mb = 0
VA. 30 = (98,995 x 33 ) + ( 197,989 x 120 ) + ( 98,995 x 15 ) + ( 197,989 x 18 ) ( 98,995 x 45 )
- (79,196 x 15 ) ( 158,392 x 30 ) + ( 79,196 x 3 ) ( 79,196 x 18 ) ( 158,392 x 45 )
ma = 0
VB. 30 = (98,995 . 33 ) + ( 197,989 x 120 ) + ( 98,995 x 15 ) ( 98,9949 x 18 ) ( 197,989 )
- ( 158,392 x 15 ) ( 79,1959 x 30 ) + ( 79,1959 x 3 ) ( 79,196 x 18 ) ( 158,392 )
Kontrol :
VA + VB 6. Wt . cos 45o + 6 Wi cos 45 = 0
- 118,7939 + ( - 118,7939 ) 6 . 280 . cos 45o + 6 . 224 . cos 45o = 0
- 237,588 237, 5879 = 0
0 = 0 .... ok
P2
sin 45 = 0,7071
g sin
1
g cos
v = 0
P4
- P2 P4 + g sin = 0
- 519121 756 + g sin 45o = 0
- 5885,121 + 9 . 0,707 = 0
h = 0
1 + g cos = 0
1 + 8324, 07071 = 0
1 + 5889 = 0
1 = - 5886 kg ( tekan )
Kesalahan g =
Kesalahan 1 =
Ev = 0
Wi cos . ( g sin ) = 0
. 280,0195 . 0,7071 g . 0,7071 = 0
99 g . 0,7071 = 0
g=
= 140,03089 kg (tarik)
h = 0
. Wi . sin + g cos + 1 = 0
. 280,0195 . 0,7071 + 140,030 . 0,7071 + 1 = 0
99 + 99,016798 + 1 = 0
1 = - 198,0167 kg ( tekan )
Kontrol :
Kesalahan g =
Kesalahan 1 =
BAB III
Perhitungan Dimensi Batang
H = 2. ( . h . b3 + a2 . P )
= 2. ( . 63 + 62 . 6 . 12) = 5616 cm4
Iy =
T max =
Dipakai :
Ix . 10/14 = Fn = 0,8 x 10 x 14 = 112 cm4
T fa =
Iy =
T tu =
T tk =
BAB IV
Design Sambungan
= 45o
= 2 cm
A. batang atas
sambungan bertampang 2
S = 125 . d . bs ( 1- 0,6 . Sin ) = 1439,339 kg
S = 250 . d . bs ( 1- 0,6 . Sin ) = 2878,679 kg
S = 480 . d2 . ( 1- 0,35 . Sin ) = 1444,824 kg
Sambungan = P1 = 1,25 . S
N=
No
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
n
2,62
5,95
70,01
9,89
8,17
8,15
8,04
8,17
9,89
10,01
6,01
2,66
b. batang bawah
sambungan tampang
S = 125 . d . bs ( 1- 0,6 . Sin )
S = 250 . d . bs ( 1- 0,6 . Sin )
S = 480 . d2 . ( 1- 0,35 . Sin )
Sambungan = P1 = 1,25 . S
N=
No batang
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
n
2,97
3,43
6,81
9,85
9,85
6,81
3,41
3,97
C. Batang Vertikal
Sambungan = 90o
S = 125 . d . bs ( 1- 0,6 . Sin ) = 2000 kg
S = 250 . d . bs ( 1- 0,6 . Sin ) = 2000 kg
S = 480 . d2 . ( 1- 0,35 . Sin ) = 1248 kg
Jumlah Baut
3
3
7
10
10
7
3
3
No
21
23
26
28
31
33
35
38
40
43
45
n
13,98
6,83
3,43
1,004
1,005
0
2,18
1,004
3,47
6,83
13,98
D. batang diagonal
Sambungan Tampang
= 45o
S = 125 . d . bs ( 1- 0,6 . Sin ) = 1439,339 kg
S = 250 . d . bs ( 1- 0,6 . Sin ) = 2878,679 kg
S = 480 . d2 . ( 1- 0,35 . Sin ) = 1444,824 kg
Sambungan = P1 = 1,25 . S
N=
No
22
24
25
27
29
30
32
34
37
38
39
41
42
44
N
8,72
3,26
2,62
1,78
2,22
0,897
1,41
1,41
2,22
0,897
1,78
2,62
3,20
8,67