Table of Contents
Chandastra.....3
Prathamo 'dhyya.....5
Dvityo 'dhyya.....5
Ttyo 'dhyya.....6
Caturtho 'dhyya.....7
Pacamo 'dhyya.....12
ao 'dhyya.....17
Saptamo 'dhyya.....21
Aamo 'dhyya.....25
Vttaratnkara.....29
Prathamo 'dhyya [sajbhidhna].....33
Dvityo 'dhyya [mtrvtta].....37
Ttyo 'dhyya [samavtta].....45
Caturtho 'dhyya [ardhasamavtta].....66
Pacamo 'dhyya [viamavtta].....68
aho 'dhyya [prasthrdi].....73
rutabodha.....77
Index of the Metres.....89
r Pigala's
Chandastra
edited by
Chandastra
Chandastra
Prathamo 'dhyya
[Paribh]
[]
dh-r-str m // 1:1 //
[]
var s y // 1:2 //
[]
k guh r // 1:3 //
[]
vasudh s // 1:4 //
[]
s te kva t // 1:5 //
[]
kad sa j // 1:6 //
[]
ki vada bh // 1:7 //
[]
na hasa n // 1:8 //
g l // 1:9 //
gante // 1:10 //
dhrdi-para // 1:11 //
he // 1:12 //
lau sa // 1:13 //
glau // 1:14 //
aau vasava iti // 1:15 //
Dvityo 'dhyya
[Devat]
chanda // 2:1 //
gyatr // 2:2 //
daivyekam // 2:3 //
sur pacadaa // 2:4 //
prjpatyau // 2:5 //
yaju ad // 2:6 //
smn dvi // 2:7 //
c tri // 2:8 //
dvau dvau smn vardheta // 2:9 //
trstrncm // 2:10 //
catura-catura prjpatyy // 2:11 //
ekaika ee // 2:12 //
jahydsur // 2:13 //
Chandastra
tny-uig-anuub-bhat-pakti-triub-jagatya // 2:14 //
tisrastisra sanmnya ekaik brhmya // 2:15 //
prgyajumrya iti // 2:16 //
Ttyo 'dhyya
[Vaidikacchandas]
pda // 3:1 //
iydi-pura // 3:2 //
gyatry vasava // 3:3 //
jagaty dity // 3:4 //
virjo dia // 3:5 //
triubho rudr // 3:6 //
eka-dvi-tri-catu-pd-utkapdam // 3:7 //
dya catu-pd-tubhi // 3:8 //
kvacin-tri-pd-ibhi // 3:9 //
s pdanict // 3:10 //
saka-saptakayor-madhye 'v-atipdanict // 3:11 //
dvau navakau a-ka-ca ng // 3:12 // [Ng]
vipart vrh // 3:13 // [Vrh]
a-kasaptakakair-vardhamn // 3:14 // [Vardhamn]
vipart pratih // 3:15 // [Pratih]
ttya dvipc-cgata-gyatrbhym // 3:16 // [Dvipd Vir]
tripn-traiubhai // 3:17 // [Tripd Vir]
uig-gyatrau jgata-ca // 3:18 // [Ui]
kakum-madhye ced-antya // 3:19 // [Kakubh]
pura-uik-pura // 3:20 // [Pura-ui]
paroik-para // 3:21 // [Paroi]
catupd-ibh // 3:22 //
anuubh-gyatrai // 3:23 // [Anuubh]
tript-kvacij-jgatbhy ca // 3:24 // [Tripdanuubh]
madhye 'nte ca // 3:25 //
bhat jgatas-traya-ca gyatr // 3:26 // [Bhat]
pathy purva-cet-ttya // 3:27 // [Bhat Pathy]
nyakusri dvtyah // 3:28 // [Nyakusri]
skandhogrv krauuke // 3:29 // [Skandhogrv]
urobhat yskasya // 3:30 // [Urobhat]
uparibhatyante // 3:31 // [Uparibhat]
purastbhat pura // 3:32 // [Purastbhat]
kvacin-navak-catvra // 3:33 //
vairjau gyatrau ca // 3:34 //
tribhir-jgatair-mahbhat // 3:35 // [Mahbhat]
Chandastra
Caturtho 'dhyya
catu-atam-utkti // 4:1 // [Utkti]
catura-caturas-tyajed-utkte // 4:2 //
tnyabhisavyprebhya kti // 4:3 // [Abhikti]
prakty copasarga-varjita // 4:4 // [Prakti]
dhtyai-akvar-jagatya // 4:5 // [Dht Ai akvar Jagat]
pthak-pthak-purvata etnyevaim // 4:6 //
dvitya dvityam-atita // 4:7 //
Chandastra
[Laukikacchandas]
atha laukikam // 4:8 //
traiubhc-ca yadram // 4:9 //
pda-catur-bhga // 4:10 //
yath-vtta-samptir-v // 4:11 //
la samudr gaa // 4:12 //
gau g-anta-madhydir-nla-ca // 4:13 //
[ry]
svar ardha cryrdham // 4:14 //
atryu na j // 4:15 //
ao j // 4:16 //
nlau v // 4:17 //
nlau cet-pada dvitydi // 4:18 //
saptama prathamdi // 4:19 //
antye pacama // 4:20 //
aa-ca l // 4:21 //
triu gaeu pda pathydhye ca // 4:22 // [ry Pathy]
[ ,
, ]
The vipul has the word break not at the end of the 3rd bar, but later (or not at all).
8
Chandastra
[Gti]
dhyardha-sam gti // 4:28 //
[
]
[Upagti]
antyenopagti // 4:29 //
[
]
[Udgti]
utkrameodgti // 4:30 //
[
]
[rygti]
ardhe vasugaa rygti // 4:31 //
[
]
[Vaitlya]
[Vaitlya]
vaitlya dvisvar ayuk-pde yug-vasavo 'nte rlga // 4:32 //
[
(x2)]
[Aupacchandasaka]
gaupacchandasakam // 4:33 //
[
(x2)]
[ptalik]
ptalik bhgau g // 4:34 //
[
(x2)]
Chandastra
[Prcyavtti]
pacamena purva ska prcyavtti // 4:37 //
[
(x2)]
[Udcyavtti]
ayuk-ttyenodcyavtti // 4:38 //
[
(x2)]
[Pravttaka]
bhy yugapat-pravttakam // 4:39 //
[
(x2)]
[Cruhsin]
ayuk-cruhsin // 4:40 //
[ (x4)]
[Aparntik]
yug-aparntik1 // 4:41 //
[ (x4)]
[Mtrsamaka]
[Mtrsamaka]
gant dvir-vasavo mtrsamaka l navama // 4:42 //
[ (x 4)]
[Vnavsik]
dvdaa-ca vnavsik // 4:43 //
[ (x 4)]
[Viloka]
viloka pacamamau // 4:44 //
[ (x 4)]
r Halyudha's example does not seem to fit the rule here, the example has the following
scheme: .
10
Chandastra
[Citr]
citr navama-ca // 4:45 //
[ (x 4)]
[Upacitr]
parayut-kenopacitr // 4:46 //
[ (x 4)]
[Pdkulaka]1
ebhi pdkulakam // 4:47 //
[Gtyry]
[Gtyry]
gtyry la // 4:48 //
[ (x 4)]
[ikh]
ikh viparyastrdh // 4:49 //
[Jyoti]
la purva-cej-jyoti // 4:50 //
[
]
[Saumy]
ga-cet-saumy // 4:51 //
[
]
[Clik]
clikaikonatriad-ekatriad-ante g // 4:52 //
[
x 2]
Chandastra
Pacamo 'dhyya
vttam // 5:1 //
samam-ardhasama viama ca // 5:2 //
sama tvat-ktva ktam-ardhasamam // 5:3 //
viama ca // 5:4 //
ryunam // 5:5 //
[Samn]
gliti samn [] // 5:6 //
[Pram]
lgiti pram [] // 5:7 //
[Vitna]
vitnam-anyat1 // 5:8 //
[Vaktra]
[Vaktra]
pdasynuub-vaktram // 5:9 //
na prathamtsnau // 5:10 //
dvitya-caturthayo ra-ca // 5:11 //
vnyat // 5:12 //
ya caturtht // 5:13 //
[ (x4)]
The rule is very vague here. r Halyudha illustrates the metre with verses having the
following schemes:
x 4;
x 2;
x 4;
& x 4.
Vttaratnkara's scheme is x 4.
12
Chandastra
[Viamavtta]
[Padacaturrdhva]
pratipda catur-vddhy padacaturrdhvam // 5:20 //
[Padacaturrdhva = 8 akara, 12 akara, 16 akara, 20 akara]
[pa]
gvanta pa1 // 5:21 //
[,
,
,
]
[Pratypa]
gvdau cet-pratypa // 5:22 //
[,
,
,
]
[Pratypa]
pratypo gvdau ca // 5:23 //
[,
,
,
]
This metre and the two that follow are specific varieties of Padacaturrdhva.
13
Chandastra
[Saurabhaka]
ttyasya saurabhaka rnau bhgau // 5:26 //
[,
,
,
]
[Lalita]
lalita nau sau // 5:27 //
[,
,
,
]
[Upasthitapracupita]
upasthitapracupita pthag-dhya msau jbhau gau, snau jrau g, nau s, nau n jyau //
5:28 //
[,
,
,
]
[Vardhamna]
vardhamna nau snau nsau // 5:29 //
[,
,
,
]
14
Chandastra
[uddhavirabha]
uddhavirabha tajr // 5:30 //
[,
,
,
]
[Ardhasamavtta]
ardhe // 5:31 //
[Upacitraka]
upacitraka sau slau g, bhau bhgau g // 5:321 //
[]
[Drutamadhy]
drutamadhy bhau bhgau g, jgau jyau // 5:33 //
[]
[Vegavat]
vegavat sau sgau, bhau bgau g // 5:34 //
[]
[Bhadravirj]
bhadravir tjau rgau, msau jgau g // 5:35 //
[]
[Ketumat]
ketumat sjau sgau, bhrau ngau g // 5:36 //
[]
[khynak]
khynak tau jgau g, jtau jgau g // 5:37 //
[]
From here on the names are only identified when there may be some confusion, otherwise
when the rule is followed by metrical markings the name is as the first word in the rule.
15
Chandastra
[Vipartkhynak]
vipartkhynak jtau jgau g, tau jgau g // 5:38 //
[]
[Hariaplut]
hariaplut sau slau g, nbhau bhrau // 5:39 //
[]
[Aparavaktra]
aparavaktra nau rlau g, njau jrau // 5:40 //
[]
[Pupitagr]
pupitagr nau ryau, njau jrau g // 5:41 //
[]
[Yavamat]
yavamat rjau rjau, jrau jrau g // 5:42 //
[]
[ikh]
ikhaikonatridaadektridaadante g // 5:43 //
[
x 2]
[Khaj]
khaj mahatyayujti // 5:44 //
[
x 2]
16
Chandastra
ao 'dhyya
yatir-vac-cheda // 6:1 //
[Gyatr]
[Tanumadhy]
tanumadhy tyau [] // 6:2 //
[Ui]
[Kumralalit]
kumralalit jsau g [] // 6:3 //
[Anuubh]
[Mavakkritaka]
mavakkritaka bhtau lgau [] // 6:4 //
[Citrapad]
citrapad bhau gau [] // 6:5 //
[Vidyunml]
vidyunml mau gau [] // 6:6 //
[Hasaruta]
[hasaruta mnau gau]1 [] // 6:7 //
[Bhat]
[Bhujagaiust]
bhujagaiust nau m [] // 6:7 //
[Halamukh]
halamukh-rnau s [] // 6:8 //
In square brackets in the original. As the number of the stra is not sequential it's not clear
why it has been added in here, or by whom.
17
Chandastra
[Pakti]
[uddhavirj]
uddhavir msau jgau [] // 6:9 //
[Paava]
paavo mnau ygau [] // 6:10 //
[Rukmavat]
rukmavat bhmau sgau [] // 6:11 //
[Mayrasri]
mayrasri rjau rgau [] // 6:12 //
[Matt]
matt mbhau sgau [] // 6:13 //
[Upasthit]
upasthit tjau jgau [] // 6:14 //
[Triubh]
[Indravajr]
indravajr tau jgau g [] // 6:15 //
[Upendravajr]
upendravajr jtau jgau g [] // 6:16 //
[Upajti]
dyantvupajtaya1 // 6:17 //
[Dodhaka]
dodhaka bhau bhgau g [] // 6:18 //
1
It appears in the literature that a much wider interpretation was given to the rule than is
given here (which resticts the mixing of lines to Indravajr and Upendravajr), so that even
lines having either more or less than 11 syllables were allowed to be mixed into the verse,
and still the name Upajti would prevail.
18
Chandastra
[lini]
lini mtau tgau g; samudra-aya [,] // 6:19 //
[Vtorm]
vtorm mbhau tgau g ca [] // 6:20 //
[Bhramaravilasita]
bhramaravilasita mbhau nlau g [] // 6:21 //
[Rathoddhat]
rathoddhat rnau rlau g [] // 6:22 //
[Svgat]
svgat rnau bhgau g [] // 6:23 //
[Vnt]
vnt nau sgau g [] // 6:24 //
[yen]
yen rjau rlau g [] // 6:25 //
[Vilsin]
vilsin jrau jgau g [] // 6:26 //
[Jagat]
[Jagat ]
jagat // 6:27 //
[Vaasth]
vaasth jtau jrau [] // 6:28 //
[Indrava]
indrava tau jrau [] // 6:29 //
19
Chandastra
[Drutavilambita]
drutavilambita nbhau bhrau [] // 6:30 //
[Toaka]
toaka sa [] // 6:31 //
[Pua]
puo nau myau; vasu-samudr [,] // 6:32 //
[Jaloddhatagati]
jaloddhatagatir-jsau jsau; rasartava // 6:33 // [,]
[Tata]
tata nau mrau [] // 6:34 //
[Kusumavicitr]
kusumavicitr nyau nyau [] // 6:35 //
[Cacalkik]
cacalkik nau rau [] // 6:36 //
[Bhujagaprayta]
bhujagaprayta ya [] // 6:37 //
[Sragvi]
sragvi ra [] // 6:38 //
[Pramitkar]
pramitkar sjau sau [] // 6:39 //
[Kntotp]
kntotp bhmau smau [] // 6:40 //
[Vaivadev]
vaivadev mau, yv-indriya-aya [,] // 6:41 //
20
Chandastra
[Vhin]
vhin tyau myv-ikmaar [] // 6:42 //
[Navamlin]
navamlin njau bhyv-iti [] // 6:43 //
Saptamo 'dhyya
[Atijagat]
[Prahri]
prahri mnau jrau g; trika-daakau [,] // 7:1 //
[Rucir]
rucir jbhau sjau g; catur-navakau [,] // 7:2 //
[Mattamayra]
mattamayra mtau ysau g; samudra-navakau // 7:3 //
[,]
[Gaur]
gaur nau nsau g [] // 7:4 //
[akvar]
[Asabdh]
asabdh mtau nsau gv-indriya-navakau [,] // 7:5 //
[Aparjit]
aparjit nau rsau lgau; svara-aya [,] // 7:6 //
[Prahaakalit]
prahaakalit nau bhnau lgau ca [] // 7:7 //
[Vasantatilak]
vasantatilak tbhau jau gau [] // 7:8 //
21
Chandastra
[Sihonnat]
sihonnat kyapasya // 7:9 //
[Uddhari]
uddhari saitavasya // 7:10 //
[Atiakvar]
[Candrvart]
candrvart nau nau s [] // 7:11 //
[Mlartunavakau]
mlartunavakau cet [,] // 7:12 //
[Maiguanikar]
maiguanikaro; vasvaya [] // 7:13 //
[Mlin]
mlin nau myau y [] // 7:14 //
[Ai]
[abhajavilasita]
abhajavilasita bhrau nau ngau; svara-navakau // 7:15 //
[,]
[Atyai]
[Hari]
hari nsau mrau slau g-tu-samudra-aya // 7:16 //
[,, ]
[Pthv]
pthv jsau jsau yalau g; vasu-navakau // 7:17 //
[,]
22
Chandastra
[Vaapantrapatita]
vaapantrapatita bhrau nbhau nlau g; dig-aya // 7:18 //
[,]
[Mandkrnt]
mandkrnt mbhau ntau tgau g; samudra-rtu-svar // 7:19 //
[,,]
[ikhari]
ikhari ymau nsau bhlau g-turudr // 7:20 //
[,]
[Dhti]
[Kusumitalatvellit]
kusumitalatvellit mtau nyau yv-indriya-rtu-svar // 7:21 //
[,,]
[Atidhti]
[rdlavikrita]
rdlavikrita msau jsau tau, gditya-aya // 7:22 //
[,]
[Kti]
[Suvadan]
suvadan mrau bhnau ybhau lgv-i-svara-rtava // 7:23 //
[,,]
[Vtta]
glit vttam // 7:24 //
[]
[Prakti]
[Sragdhar]
sragdhar mrau bhnau yau y; trisaptak // 7:25 //
[,,]
23
Chandastra
[kti]
[Madraka]
madraka bhrau nrau nrau ngau; dig-dity // 7:26 //
[,]
[Vikti]
[Avalalit]
avalalit njau bhjau bhjau bhlau g-rudrdity // 7:27 //
[,]
[Mattkr]
mattkr mau tnau nau nlau g; vasu-paca-daakau // 7:28 //
[,,]
[Sakti]
[Tanv]
tanv bhtau nsau bhau nyv-indriya-svara-ms // 7:29 //
[,,]
[Abhikti]
[Kraucapad]
kraucapad bhmau sbhau nau nau g; bhtendriya-vasvaya // 7:30 //
[,,,]
[Utkti]
[Bhujagavijmbhita]
bhujagavijmbhita mau tnau nau rsau lgau; vasu-rudra-aya // 7:31 //
[,,]
[Apavhaka]
apavhako mnau nau nau nsau gau; nava-rtu-rasendriyi // 7:32 //
[,,,]
24
Chandastra
[Daaka]
[Daaka]
daako nau ra // 7:33 //
[Caaviprayta]
prathama-caaviprayta // 7:34 //
[]
Aamo 'dhyya
[Pariih]
atrnukta gth // 8:1 //
[Triubh]
[Kumaladant]
kumaladant bhtau ngau g-indriya-ras [,] // 8:2 //
[Jagat]
[Varatanu]
varatanur-njau jrau, a-ras [,] // 8:3 //
[Jaladharaml]
jaladharaml mbhau smau samudra-vasuva [,] // 8:4 //
[Gaur]
gaur nau rau [] // 8:5 //
25
Chandastra
[Lalan]
lalan bhtau nsv-indriya-raya [,] // 8:6 //
[Atijagat]
[Kanakaprabh]
kanakaprabh sjau sjau g [] // 8:7 //
[Kuilagati]
kuilagatir-nau tau g, svara-rtava [,] // 8:8 //
[akvar]
[Varasundar]
varasundar bhjau snau gau // 8:9 //
[]
[Kuil]
kuil mbhau nyau gau, veda-rasa-samudr // 8:10 //
[,,]
[Ai]
[ailaikh]
ailaikh bhrau nnau bhgau, bhta-rasendriyi // 8:11 //
[,,]
[Varayuvat]
varayuvat bhrau ynau ngau // 8:12 //
[]
[Atyai]
[Atiyin]
atiyin, sau jbhau jgau g, dik-svar // 8:13 //
[,]
26
Chandastra
[Avitatha]
avitatha njau bhjau jlau g // 8:14 //
[]
[Kokilaka]
vasv-indriya-samudr-cet-kokilakam // 8:15 //
[,,]
[Dhti]
[Vibudhapriy]
vibudhapriy rsau jau bhrau, vasu-dia // 8:16 //
[,]
[Nrcaka]
nrcaka nau rau rau // 8:17 //
[]
[Atidhti]
[Vismit]
vismit ymau nsau rau g, rasa-rtu-svara // 8:18 //
[,,]
[Kti]
[aivadan]
aivadan njau bhjau j jrau, rudra-dia // 8:19 //
[,]
27
Chandastra
This stra is relegated to the notes (without explanation) in the original edition, though it is
sequentially numbered as here.
28
Vttaratnkara
by
r Kedrabhaa
edited by
nandajoti Bhikkhu
2003/2547
Vttaratnkara
30
Vttaratnkara
Preface
Texts & Abbreviations:
VR = Vttaratnkara.
P = Vsudev Laxma Shstr Pakar (ed), Vittaratnkara of rmat Kedrabhaa,
with the commentary by Nryaabhaa (3rd Edition Bombay, 1906). As on the whole
this edition seemed to be the most reliable I have made it the basis for the present
work.
V = Welivitiye Sri Sorata Thero (ed), Vruththarathnakaraya (1926, reprinted Colombo,
2001). This edition has the text printed in Devangari at the front of the book, and this
has been used for noting the variants, except where otherwise stated. The Vykhy
contains a transliteration of the text into Sinhala script, and Ven. Sorata's very useful
commentary. There are many additions to the text in the Vykhy as explained in the
foreword, however there are also many differences in the readings, and some
omissions, which have not been explained.
S = Very Rev. C.A. Seelakkhandha Mah Sthavira (ed), Vrittaratnkara by Pandit
Kedrabhatta, with its commentary Vrittaratnkarapancik by Prof. Sr Rmacandra
Kavi Bhrati (Bombay, 1908).
Dh = r Dharnanda str (ed), r Bhaakedraviracitam Vttaratnkaram (1st
printing Delhi, 1972, reprinted 1999); the text as printed at the beginning of the book
(pgs xiii - xxiii) has been compared for the variant readings.
Other works consulted:
Ch = Pait Kedranth of Jaypur (ed), Chhandas stra by r Pigalanga, with
the commentary Mitasajvan by r Halyudha Bhaa (3rd edition Bombay, 1938).
The most authoritive work on Sanskrit prosody, written as stras, rather than as
kriks, as with VR, ChM, SB, Vutt. etc.
ChM = Vsudev Laxma Shstr Pakar (ed), Chhandomajar of Gagdsa
(Bombay, 1906). Published together with P.
B = Vsudev Laxma Shstr Pakar (ed), rutabodha of Klidsa (Bombay, 1906).
Published together with P.
Vutt: Vuttodaya, The Composition of Metre, by Ven. Sagharakkhita, nandajoti
Bhikkhu (ed, 2003). Vuttodaya is an edited translation of Vttaratnkara into Pi
made by Sagharakkhita Mahsmi. We can often see from the translation what
reading Ven. Sagharakkhita had in the manuscripts he was following and this
sometimes helps us to reconstruct the text of Vttaratnkara, at least so far as it was
known in 12th century r Lanka.
31
Vttaratnkara
The immediate purpose in preparing this edition of Vttaratnkara was to have a text
to accompany the edition of Vuttodaya that is currently under preperation. Vuttodaya
itself is an edited translation of the Sanskrit work, and we therefore are in an almost
unique position of being able to show what the lines looked like in the Sanskrit,
together with its Pi translation.
Although in the body of the text the normal sort of variants occur, in the Samavtta
section (Ttyo 'dhyya) in particular the variations are very great. The samavtta
metres are the main metres used in the Classical period, and it seems everybody felt
free to augment the metres listed in this section, so that it is almost impossible to see
what the original text must have looked like.
Because of this, in preparing this edition I have tried to err on the side of caution, and
have only admitted a krik into the text, when it is supported by all the editions
consulted. Verse 5 of the present work states that the book will describe 136 metres
(only).
As the text stands the Sama-, Ardhasama-, & Viamavtta sections alone account for
127 metres; and if we count the metres in the Mtrvtta section there are 25 metres.
When we compare the present text of Vttaratnkara with Chandastra & Vuttodaya,
we can see that there are some metres in the former text not found in either of the
others. Nearly all of these occur in the Samavtta section of the text, which is where
the main variations occur anyway. If we were to exclude those metres from the text,
the number given in verse 5 would in fact be about correct.
I would therefore suggest that all the metres in the Samavtta section upto Pkti in
Supratih (i.e. vss 65 - 70), are probably additions;1 and the same applies to the
following metres: 72; Vasumat 73; Mauktikaml 104; Upasthit 105; Maiml 118;
Prabh 125; Mlan 126; El 144; Candralekh 145; Narkuaka 153. I have therefore
placed these metres in brackets in this edition, although nothing definite about their
status can be made until someone examines the manuscript evidence and establishes an
authorative edition.
In this edition I have adopted certain usages, like normally writing cch in place of ch
after short vowels; omitting the doubling of certain akara after r, e.g. ry, in place of
ryy; ardh, in place of arddh; prakrtita, in place of prakrttita, etc. These variants,
which occur in the editions consulted, are merely orthographical, and have therefore
not been noted in the variant readings.
nandajoti Bhikkhu,
2003/2547
Vttaratnkara
Vttaratnkaram
r Gaeya Nama4
sukhasantnasiddhy-artha
natv brahmcyutrcitam |
gaurvinyakopeta
vedrthaaivastraja6
pavyeko7 'bhddvijottama |
ivapdrcate rata || 2 ||
lakyalakaasayuta |
vttaratnkara nma
pramam-iha11 vijeya
P, S: r Vttaratnkaram.
Dh prints this chapter number at the end of the chapter; though the other chapter numbers are
marked.
3
Drawn from the end-title as it occurs in P.
4
P, V omit this line. Dh prints it before Vttartnkaram.
5
The whole of the 1st chapter except for vs. 11 is written in Pathyvaktra (or loka) which is
described in the next chapter.
6
S: vednta- .
7
P fn: pahyeka. V: pahyeko, with a variant pavyeko in brackets. S: pahyeko.
8
Dh: sukhabuddhaye; Vutt. reads sukhabuddhiy in the parallel.
9
P has 2 variants recorded here: iti tribhir-vieakam; & iti kalpakam.
10
P fn: 'pi.
11
V, S: -api
12
V: kalpakam, in brackets.
2
33
Vttaratnkara
myarastajabhnagairlntairebhir-daabhir-akarai |
trailokyam-iva viun || 6 ||
sarvagurmo mukhntarlau
yarvantagalau satau |
bhavanty-atra gustrik || 7 ||
jey sarvntam-adhydi
ga-catur-laghpet1
pacrydiu sasthit || 8 ||
snusvro visargnto
pddviha varasya
sayoga kramasajaka5 |
Dh: gaa-, which may be a printer's error, as it would leave 2 light syllables in 2 nd & 3rd
positions, which is normally avoided.
2
P fn: sa.
3
P fn: pdnta.
4
Dh, P fn: mtko.
5
S: -jita, with fn: jaka.
6
S: puras-thitena, with fn: pura-sthitena.
7
V: -garo
8
Dh omits this line; P omits, but notes it as a variant. The 4th pda in the equivalent verse in
Vuttodaya reads: tad-udharaa yath; and is followed by the example. We may surmise
from this that Ven. Sagharakkhita had this line in the copy of VR that he was translating,
and improved on it by including it in the verse itself.
9
S, Dh, P fn: navaudana.
10
P fn: picchalni.
11
This verse is written in ry metre, the point being made is that the last syllable of sundari
in the 2nd pdayuga has to be scanned as light, despite being followed by a double consonant
gr-, which would normally make it heavy by position.
34
Vttaratnkara
abdhibhtarasdn
jeya pda-caturtho2
yatir-vicchedasajita3 || 12 ||
samam-ardhasama vtta
tac-chanda-stratattvaj
prathamghrisamo yasya
ttya-carao bhavet |
dvityas-turyavad-vtta
tad-ardhasamam-ucyate || 15 ||
tad-hur-viama vtta
chanda-stravirad || 16 ||
rabhyaikkart-pddekaikkaravardhitai |
ea gths-tribhi9 abhi-caraai-copalakit || 18 ||
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
Vttaratnkara
pratihny suprvik1 |
gyatry-uig-anuup ca
bhat paktir-eva ca || 19 ||
tathtijagat mat |
dhti-ctidhti-caiva
kti praktir-kti |
vikti sakti-caiva3
tathtiktir-utkti4 || 21 ||
ity-ukt-chandas saj
lakaa sarvavttn
mtrvttnuprvakam || 22 ||
iti vttaratnkarkhye chandasi
prathamo 'dhyya6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vttaratnkara
[ry]3
[ry 3]
37
Vttaratnkara
[Capal]
[Gti]
[Gti]5
1
2
3
4
5
V: -jau
P fn: ardham. V prints ca after this, but it looks like it has been crossed out.
P: ca, with fn: tu.
P omits.
The metre titles do not occur as headings in the text, but have been extracted from the
descriptions for ease of reference.
38
Vttaratnkara
[Udgti]
[Vaitlya]
[Vaitlya]
S: kathit.
Dh: omits this verse by mistake.
3
P: bhavati yadmukteyam- , with fn: dala yadyam-uditaivam; [dala] yadyam-uditeyam
[this footnote has been misplaced in the text]. V: bhavati yadi mukteyam- .
The translation of this line in Vutt. reads: yadi pubbaddhasamna dalam-itara-codityamariygti, from which we can see that Ven. Sagharakkhita was reading a manuscript with
both dala & udita in it.
4
P omits.
5
Dh: kal t-ca; S: kal a ca, with fn: [kals]t-ca.
6
Dh: ea tv-aupacchandasika; P fn: -upacchandasikam; tv-aupacchandasikam. Ch calls
the metre: Aupacchandasaka.
2
39
Vttaratnkara
[Dakintik]
[Pravttaka]
asya2 yugmaracitparntik || 41 ||
[Cruhsini]
ayugbhav3 cruhsini4 || 42 ||
iti vaitlyaprakaraam5
1
2
3
4
5
S: -uditaiva.
P fn: yasya.
P fn: ayugmag.
Dh: cruhsin; Ch: Cruhsin.
P omits.
40
Vttaratnkara
[Vaktra]1
[Vaktra]
capalvaktram-ayujor-nakra-cet-payore || 46 ||
[Yugmavipul]
saitavasykhilev-api4 || 48 ||
[Bhavipul]
bhenbdhito bhd-vipul || 49 ||
[Ravipul]
ittham-any ra-caturtht || 50 ||
2
3
4
Vttaratnkara
[Navipul]
no1 'mbudhe-cen-navipul || 51 ||
[Tavipul]
to 'bdhestat-prvny bhavet2 || 52 ||
iti vaktraprakaraam3
[Mtrsamaka]
[Acaladhti]
dvikaguitavasulaghur-acaladhtir-iha4 || 53 ||
[Mtrsamaka]
jo nlvathmbudher-viloka6 || 55 ||
[Vnavsik]
tad-yugald-vnavsik syt || 56 ||
[Citr]
5
6
Vttaratnkara
[Upacitr]
abdhiyugdbha-ced-upacitr1 || 58 ||
[Pdkulaka]
Citr
yad-attaktavividhalakmayutai2
Viloka
mtrsamdipdai kalitam |
Vnavsik
aniyatavttaparimasahita3
Viloka
pramam-iti nicitam || 60 ||
iti mtrsamaprakaraam5
[Dvipda]6
[ikh]7
ikhiguitadaalaghuracitam-apagatalaghuyugalam-aparam-idam-akhilam |
P, Dh, S fn: upacitr navame parayukte. S also has another reading: abhyo galyd-upacitr;
P fn: navame bhavati gurv-upacitr. Vutt: galyhahi ce sv-upacitr. There is a lot of
confusion in the readings here.
2
P, Dh: yutair- . S: -vidhilakmayutair- , which spoils the sense and the metre.
3
P -yukta-, with fn: -sahita.
4
P fn: lo.
5
P omits.
6
The Dvipda section is omitted in Vuttodaya. Note that the metres in this section are varieties
of the ry group of metres.
7
The descriptions of ikh and Khaj, which follows, occur in the Ardhasamavtta section in
Ch, and agrees with the description given here.
A second metre called ikh occurs as a variety of Gtyry, there it is said to have 32 mtr
in both lines, and as having one pda all light syllables, and one pda all heavy. If the 1st pda
is made up of light syllables, the name Jyot is used; if the 1st pda is all heavy syllables, then
the name Saumy.
The metre as described here, has a Gti line in prior position, and an rygti line in the
posterior position.
43
Vttaratnkara
vinimayavinihitaakalayugalakalitapadavitativiracitaguanicay 3 |
triguanavalaghur-avasitigurur-iti dalayugaktatanur-atirucir7 || 64 ||
iti dvipt-prakaraam8
iti vttaratnkarkhye chandasi samamtrkhyo
dvityo 'dhyya9
1
2
3
6
7
8
9
P fn: -yugulakam- .
P fn: -niciti.
P: -akalayugalalaghulalita- (incorrect metrically), with fn: -kalita- [in place of -lalita-]; P
also has fn: -gaa- [in place of -gua-]; S: -akalayugalakalitapada- (which is incorrect
metrically), with fn: -laghulalitapada- .
This verse has a Gti structure. SED says that Khaj is the name of several metres: `one
consisting of 2 x 28 syllables + 1 long and 30 short syllables + 1 long; another containing 30
short syllables + 1 long and 28 short syllables + 1 long; another containing 2 x 36 short
syllables + one Amphimacer [i.e. a raga]'. The second description fits the metre found
here.
Ch calls this metre: Saumy, and says it is a species of ikh. It has the structure of an
rygti verse.
Ch calls this metre: Clik. The verse has an Upagti structure.
P fn: -iha rucir. P reads: dalayugalakta-, which gives one syllable too many. V reads the
same as P in the text, but dalayugakta-, as here in the Vykhy, which must be correct to fit
the description.
P, V, Dh omit.
P omits; Dh: iti r kedrabhaaviracite vttaratnkare dvityo 'dhyya.
44
Vttaratnkara
1: Ukt2 [ekkar]
[r]
,
(gr3 || 65 ||)
2: Atyukt4 [dvyakar]
[Str]
,
3: Madhy5 [tryakar]
[Nr]
,
(mo nr || 67 ||)
[Mg]
,
(ro mg || 68 ||)6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vttaratnkara
4: Pratih1 [caturakar]
[Kany]
,
5: Supratih3 [packar]
[Pkti]
,
6: Gyatr5 [aakar]
[Tanumadhy]
,
tyau cet-tanumadhy6 || 71 ||
[aivadan]
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
V, S: Pratithym.
S: yagau vrd [Vrd, ]
S: jga lsin [Lsin, ]
S: bhgau sumukh [Sumukh, ]
S: sumati sgau [Sumat, ]
S: rgau samddhi [Samddh, ].
V, S: Supratihym.
S: rgaugiti prti [Prt, ].
S: sat jagau ga [Sat, ].
S: mand talagai [Mand, ].
V, S: Gyatrym.
P, S, Dh: stas-tanumadhy; P & S have footnotes reading: cet. Vutt. reads: cet.
46
Vttaratnkara
[Vasumat]
,
7: Uik2 [saptkar]
[Madalekh]
,
8: Anuup4 [akar]
[Citrapad]
,
mo mo go go vidyunml5 || 76 ||
Vttaratnkara
[Mavaka]1
(,)
mavaka bht-talag || 77 ||
[Hasaruta]
,
[Samnik]2
,
9: Bhat7 [navkar]
[Halamukh]
(,)
rn-nasv-iha halamukh || 82 ||
1
2
3
4
5
Ch: Mavakkritaka.
Ch: Samn
This metre is unusual in being defined as ending in a light syllable. It is exactly the reverse of
the metre which follows.
Ch: Pram.
Chandra stra's definition of Vitna is vague: vitnam-anyat; r Halyudha's commentary
gives a number of examples which consist of alternating pairs of heavy and light syllables; or
alternating heavy and light syllables either starting with, or ending with, 2 heavy syllables.
The metre as defined here in Vttaratnkara, doesn't really seem to fit into that pattern.
S: ngaraka bharau lagau [Ngaraka, ].
S: nrcik tarau lagau [Nrcik, ].
S: Atha Bhatym.
48
Vttaratnkara
[Bhujagaiubht]
(,)
narajagair-bhaven-manoram || 89 ||
1
2
3
4
P fn: -aibht; -iust; -iuyut. V, S also record a variant -iuyut. Ch: -iust.
V: bhadrik bhavati ro narau [Bhadrik, ], there is another metre called
Bhadrik among the Triubh, defined as nanaralaguru in structure.
S: Atha Pakt.
P: mnau gau ceti paavanmakam (which is metrically incorrect), with fn: mnau ygau ceti
paavanmedam.
S: campakaml ced-bhamasga (P fn: bhamasd-gu) [Campakaml, (,)];
this metre has the same structure as Rukmavat. Both Rukmavat and Campakaml occur in
Vuttodaya, with the latter placed after the Matt metre below.
rutabodha, vs 14, has the following rule: indriyabair-yatra virma s kathany
campakaml which shows that what distinguishes Campakaml from Rukmavat is the
placement of the word-break.
49
Vttaratnkara
[Upasthit]
(,)
anantarodritalakmabhjau5
,
pdau yadyv-upajtayas-t
,
1
2
4
5
6
V: to jau; Dh: tjau jgau gurueyam-, which doesn't fit the metre.
S: tjau gjau gurueyam-upasthitokt, and places the metre in the Triubh section. There is a
similar ambiguity in Vutt., where some manuscripts read: tj jo garunyamupahit; and
others: tj jg garunyam-upahit s. Ch lists the metre as Pakti, with the following
definition: upasthit tjau jgau.
P fn: jey has bhamanagayukt [Has, ]; this doesn't scan correctly, we
need to read mabhasagayukt to fit the example; this metre scans the same as Matt above.
P fn: dpakaml ced-bhamau jagau [Dpakaml, ].
S: trisag api meghavitnam [Meghavitna, ].
S: ra-ca sau sagururmirga [Mirga, ]; The example doesn't fit the
rule, we need to read sagurumi-.
S: tvaritagatis-tu najanagai [Tvaritagati, ].
V, S: Triubhi.
P fn: -pda- [in place of -lakma-].
S, P, Dh: smaranti; P has fn: vadanti. Vutt. reads: vadanti jtisv-idam-eva nma. This verse
gives a much wider interpretation to the metre than Ch, which simply says:
dyantvupajtaya; which means that for r Pigala only the mixing of Indravajr and
Upendravajr was anticipated.
50
Vttaratnkara
[Sumukh]
(,)
najajalagair-gadit sumukh || 94 ||
[Dodhaka]
,
dodhakavttam-ida bhabhabhd-gau || 95 ||
[lin]
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
P reads ntau, the commentary reads mtau, which is required by the metre.
S: vtorm gadit, which leaves the example one syllable short.
Dh, P fn: gadit.
Dh, P fn: pacarasai rr-bhatanagagai syt. S has a similar reading, but has str in place of
r. In Ch this metre is called: Kumaladant. In terms of its light and heavy syllables the
metre agrees with Mauktikaml at vs. 104 below; but there the word-break is not defined.
Dh omits ga, probably a printer's error.
P fn: -vilasit.
P fn: ro narviha.
51
Vttaratnkara
[Vtt]
(,)
52
Vttaratnkara
[Indrava]
,
1
2
3
4
5
Vttaratnkara
[Sragvi]
,
1
2
3
Vttaratnkara
[Navamlik]1
(,)
1
2
4
5
6
7
Ch: Navamlin.
S: iha navamlin najbhy parau bhyau; with fn: iha navamlik najabhayai syt. P fn:
navamlat najaparau bhyau.
S reads: svarasara- . On the preceding page S has a variant for this metre: vasuyugaviratirnanau rau prabh, which places the word-break one syllable later. Ch has 2 metres which
have the same shape as this, one called Cacalkik, and the other Gaur, but in neither is
the word-break specified.
S: iti vada tmarasa najajdya; P lists a variant: iha vada tmarasa najajdya.
P fn : bhavati tat najajai rasayutai (written as tati in the text, but - is required by the
description) [Tat, ].
P: catur-jagaa vada mauktikadma [Mauktikadma (1), ]; note that
this metre is defined as having a short syllable in final position.
P fn: jarau jarau vada svamocacmaram [Svamocacmara, ].
Dh: jajv-iha mauktikadma jajau ca [Mauktikadma (2), ].
P: jabhau jarau vadati pacacmaram [Pacacmara, ].
P fn: nanararaghait tu mandkin [Mandkin, ]; Ch: Cacalkik,
and later in the same work: Gaur.
V, S: Athtijagaty.
Ch has a metre called Kuilagati which has the same structure as this, but without
specifying the word-break.
55
Vttaratnkara
[Prahari]
,
1
2
P fn: prahara.
P fn: catur-grahair-iha rucir jbhau sarau ga; catur-grahair-iha rucir jabhau sjag. The
name of this metre is given in Ch as Rucir, rather than Atirucir; note that we already
have a metre called Atirucir occuring in the Dvipda section earlier in the text.
S fn: sunandin. Ch calls the metre: Kanakaprabh. cf. also Navanadan below. Dh omits
jagau, printer's error.
P: upasthitam-ida jsau tsau saguruka cet [Upasthita, ]; P fn: yadi
guru syt.
P, Dh: nanatatagurubhi-candrik-vartubhi (S: nanataragurubhi-candrik-vaabhi)
[Candrik, ,].
P fn: jatau sajau go bhavati majuhsin [Majuhsin, ].
P fn: navanandin sajasasair-guruyuktai [Navanandin, ].
P fn: kuilagatir-najau saptabhistau gun [Kuilagati, ,]; Ch has a
metre by this name, but with a slightly different structure: nanatataguru.
S: yamau rau vikhyt cacarkval ga (S fn: Majarkval) [Cacarkval,
]; S prints cacaro- in the text, but cacar- in the comm. The latter
reading is evidently the right one.
V, S: Atha akvarym.
56
Vttaratnkara
[Aparjit]
,
[Praharaakalit]
(,)
1
2
3
4
5
Vttaratnkara
[Uddhari]
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vttaratnkara
[Maiguanikara]
,
1
2
3
5
6
7
S, Dh: vasumuniyatir-iha.
S: maigaakiraa.
S reads namayayuteya, which must be a printer's error, the comm. below identifies the
gaas as nanamayaya.
S: aradaayatir-atirekh, with a footnote to the effect that the metre is also known as El; P
fn: -kavi- [in place of -yati-].
Dh: saptakai-.
V, S: Athau.
S: bhrau trinag svar kham- .
59
Vttaratnkara
[Vin]
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vttaratnkara
[Kokilaka]
,,
3
4
6
7
S, P, V, Dh all read ktayati, which must be an error, as the metrical markings would not
agree with Narkuaka, of which this metre is a variant, having the word-break in a different
position. Ch has the word-break in yet another place, after 8, 5, & 4 syllables.
P fn: sasajaur-atiyin mat bhajaparair-gurubhym [Atiyin,
(,)].
V, S: Atha Dhtau.
Note that this metre is very similar to Mandkrnt in the previous section, but with an extra
heavy syllable in the opening.
P fn: daavasuviratir-nanau rai-caturbhir-yut slas [Slas,
,].
P fn: adhika darayati nanau rau bhavet rarau trak [Trak,
]; The definition of the rule doesn't fit the example here. I
have been unable to find the metre listed anywhere else to check the description. SED lists a
Trak metre of 4 x 13 syllables, but not one of 4 x 18.
P fn: syd-bhtartvavair-maubhmau virati-cet-sihaviskrjita yau [Sihaviskrjita,
,,].
S: kathitam-iha nanau rarau ced-rarau sihavikritam [Sihavikrita,
].
S: rsau jajau bharasayutau karibakhair-haranartakam (P fn: rsau jau bharasayutau
karibakha haranartakam) (S has fn: karibakhair-haranartanam) [Karibakha,
]; Ch calls this metre: Vibudhapriy.
V, S: Athtidhtau.
S, Dh: rasartva-vair-ymau nsau raraguruyutau meghavisphrjit syt [Meghavisphrjit,
,,]; Ch calls this metre: Vismit.
P fn: najabhayas jagau ca racan likakudbhiratra s [likakudbhiratra,
].
P fn: rbhau jatau tau sagurukau yad dig-grahac-chedabhg-bhavati [Bhj,
,]; the example doesn't fit the definition again here.
61
Vttaratnkara
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
V, S: Atha Ktau.
S, Dh: jey.
S: -yutau.
This is one of the few metres defined as having a light syllable at the end of the line.
S: sabhar namylag-iti trayodaayatir-mattebhavikritam [Mattebhavikrita,
,,,].
S: sajaj bharau salag-ca ced-udita tad pramadnanam [Pramadnanam,
,].
P fn: khyt pva suva yadi marabhanstadvaya go guru-ca [Suva,
].
V, S: Atha Praktau.
S, V, Dh, P fn: mrabhnair-yn.
S: bhau bhabhabh-ca bharau yadi krtiya putraka mattavilsinm [Mattavilsin,
].
P fn: bhavati najau hi siddhir-iti bhj-jajaj yadi ro bhavit [Siddhi,
()]; The definition doesn't fit the rule, and further the line
is only 20 syllables long, so again something is amiss here.
62
Vttaratnkara
[Mattkr]
,,
V, S: ktau.
V: -aya, which may be a printer's error owing to the similarity of tha and ya in Devangar.
3
S omits, which spoils the metre.
4
S, V, Dh, P fn: -idam [in place of -iti]. This metre is called Madraka in Ch.
5
P fn: llitya bhujagendrea bhitam-etac-cen-masarastajanagubhi [Llitya,
,].
P fn: sajat nasau rarau ga kaituragahayai syn-mahsragdharkhy [Mahsragdhar,
,]; this metre is similar to Sragdhar above, but with a
different opening. We might have expected the definition to run: sajat no so bhajau...etc.
with resolution of the first syllable making for the Mah- designation.
6
V, S: Viktau.
7
S: bhajabhalag-tad-valalita; Dh -valalita.
8
P fn: mattkra.
9
P: mo.
10
Dh: mattkr mau lau nau nlau g-iti; P fn: nlau g-iti.
11
P fn: -yutam.
12
S: bhair-atha saptabhir-atra kt guru guru ca mayragati syt [Mayragati,
]; S writes mattamaragati, by mistake, and spoils the
metre. It is clear from the comm. that the reading should be as printed here.
2
63
Vttaratnkara
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
V, S: Saktau.
V, S: Atiktau.
P fn: nananang.
V, S: Utktau.
Ch: Apavhaka.
S: sag-iti, thereby leaving the rule-example one syllable short.
Dh: navarasaarayatiyutam-, (omitting -rasa-) which is probably a printer's error.
V adds in brackets: iti uktdiprakaraam; S: iti dviaticchandsi. ??
64
Vttaratnkara
praticaraavivddhareph syur-arravavylajmtallkaroddmaakhydaya4 ||
168 ||
[Pracitaka]5
,
1
2
3
4
V: Daake. Dh omits.
P fn:
yt-kicid-dyate cchanda viaty-akardhikam |
eajty-dika muktv na savai daajtimat ||
P, V, Dh: -prapto. P fn: prayto.
S, V, Dh, P fn: -akhdaya. The structure of the first of the Daaka metres described here
is nicely summed up in a stra in Ch: Daako nau ra; first there are 2 nagaas, which are
followed by a number of ragaas, Caaviprapta having 7 ragaas; Ara 8, and so on there are many more, V gives a list of 28, ending with Nanda, which has 34 ragaas
following the opening two nagaas!
Called Pracita in Ch. This metre has a different structure to the previous Daakas: first 2
nagaas, then a series of yagaas.
S: nadvayt-paratastakrepi kvacid-daak dyante; evam-ekonasahasraravddhirbhavati daaka vttam. S has a note to the effect that these two stras are not seen in
many of the books. They also appear to be stras rather than krikas, and so are probably not
part of the original text.
P omits; Dh: iti r kedrabhaaviracite vttaratnkare ttyo 'dhyya.
65
Vttaratnkara
[Upacitr]2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Vttaratnkara
[Vipartkhynak]
[Pupitgr]
vadanty-aparavaktrkhya
vaitlya vipacita |
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vttaratnkara
[Yavamat]
[Padacaturrdhva]
8 syllables
mukhapdo 'abhir-varai |
12 syllables
16 syllables
20 syllables
10
V: cet.
P: rayau same vej-jarau carau, with fn: rajau same tu jarau jarau.
3
V: guru yavt4
Dh: gurur-yad yavt-matyam.
5
S: sasaj viame yad guru sabhar syal-lalit same lagau [Lalit,
].
Dh: ayujor-yadi sau jagau yujo sabharlg yadi sundar tad [Sundar,
]; this has the same structure as the preceding metre.
P fn: viame sasaj gur anoje sabharya-ca tu mlabhriyam [Mlabhri,
].
P fn: viame sasaj gur anoje smaray-chandasika tad-aupaprvam [Aupacchandasika,
]; this has the same structure as the preceeding
metre, and should really take the more distinctive name. cf. Aupacchandasika in the Vaitlya
section of Chapter 2. We really need to read sbhara- in place of smara- here for the
description to be correct. The reading smara is probably a printer's error, owing to the
similarity between ma & bha in Devangar script.
6
P omits; Dh: iti r kedrabhaaviracite vttaratnkare caturtho 'dhyya.
7
In Vuttodaya the metres in this section are omitted, and a description of the Vaktra (Pi:
Vatta) metre is included instead. In may be stated here that the Vaktra metre is neither a
Mtrvtta nor a Viamavtta, and so is misplaced in both books. Ch places it at the
beginning of the Vtta section, in the fifth chapter.
8
S: [pare] 'smn; P fn: 'smt- .
9
S: -vddh; P fn: vddy ??
10
S, V, P fn: tad-abhihitam-amalaghbhi.
2
68
Vttaratnkara
[pa]
8 syllables
prathamam-uditavtte |
12 syllables
viracitaviamacaraabhji |
16 syllables
20 syllables
[Kalik]4
12 syllables
prathamam-itaracaraasamuttha5 |
8 syllables
16 syllables
20 syllables
12 syllables
dviguruyutasakalacarant |
16 syllables
sukhacaraagatam-anubhavati ca ttyam10 |
Dh: gurukayuganidhana; P fn: -yugalaka- ; both are which are incorrect metrically.
S: kalita | vidhtarucirapadavitati; P fn: kalita vidhtarucirapada; Dh -vitatiyatir-iti; V,
P fn: -racana[yatir-iti].
3
This is only a variation on Padacaturrdhva. Here the last 2 syllables at the end of each line
are heavy, the rest are light. The other metres in this section are variations on this theme.
Ch lists 2 metres called Pratypa, that have a different structure - the first of these has 2
heavy syllables at the beginning of the line, with the rest being light; the second has 2 heavy
syllables at the beginning and at the end of the line, the rest again being light.
4
Ch: Majar.
5
P fn: [prathamam]-apara- .
6
Dh: sapadi; S, P fn: jagati.
7
S: itaraditarajanitam-;
8
Dh: ca yadi turya; P fn: -janitam-api bhavati eam.
9
The structure of Laval in Ch is described differently as being 16, 12, 8, & 20 syllables.
10
Dh: -anubhavati ttya (incorrect metrically); P fn: [caraa]-racitam-anubhavati ttya.
2
69
Vttaratnkara
8 syllables
20 syllables
12 syllables
16 syllables
caram-acaraapadam-avasitaguruyugmam5 |
20 syllables
akhilam-aparam-uparigatam-iti6 lalitapadayukt |
8 syllables
tadiyam-amtadhr7 || 186 ||
iti padacatur-rdhvaprakaraam8
[Udgat]
sajamdime salaghukau ca |
nasajagurukair-athodgat9 |
tryaghrigatabhanajal10 gayut |
70
Vttaratnkara
[Saurabhaka]1
yadi sakalam-udgatgatam3 |
tad-uditam-urumatibhir-lalita |
[Upasthitapracupita]
trinaparikalitajayau |
pracupitam-idam-uditam-upasthitaprvam || 190 ||
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
This and the next metre are variants of Udgat, differing only in their 3rd line.
S, Dh, P fn: bhajati.
S: nikhilam- .
S: yugala-ca.
S, P fn: bhajati caraa ttyakam; Dh omits this line and the next by mistake, printer's
error.
P, Dh omit.
V, Dh: -anyatS, Dh, P fn: -tath.
71
Vttaratnkara
[Vardhamna]1
prathamghriktayatis-tu vardhamnam3 |
viamkarapda v
pdair-asama daadharmavat11 |
yac-chando12 noktam-atra
This and the next metre are variants of Upasthitapracupita, differing only in their 3rd line.
2
P fn: na sayuktau ca.
3
S, P fn: -yatipravardhamnam.
4
P fn: -iha.
5
S, P fn: khalu.
6
Ch has a slighty different name for this metre: uddhavirabha.
7
S, P fn: [ttya]-pdake; Dh omits yad.
8
P fn: tritayam-api.
9
S excludes yadi.
10
P, Dh omit.
11
S: viamkarapdatvtpdairasamajasa dharmavat.
12
S: yac-chandasi.
13
Ch says simply: atrnukta gth.
14
P omits; Dh: iti r kedrabhaaviracite vttaratnkare pacamo 'dhyya.
72
Vttaratnkara
prasthro naam-uddiam-ekad-vydilagakriy |
sakhynamadhvayoga-ca2
yathopari tath ea
ne dad-yd-gurn-eva4
yvat-sarvalaghur-bhavet |
viame caikamdhya
uddia dvigundyd-upary-akn-samlikhet10 |
varn-vttabhavn-saikn-auttardharyata sthitt14 |
Dh: Atha aho 'dhyya; S omits this heading, seemingly by mistake, as it begins the verses
from number 1 again.
2
P fn: sakhy caivdhva- .
3
Apart from the last verse the metre is Pathyvaktra in this section.
4
V: -eva.
5
V: -vicchiti6
Dh adds: iti prasthra.
7
Dh: aktastasyrdhe.
8
Dh: tad-arddhe; S, V: tasydardhe, which is incorrect according to the metre.
9
Dh adds: iti naam.
10
S: -naknuparydyt11
V, Dh: tu.
12
S: laghusthne tu ye 'k syustai;
13
Dh adds: ity-uddiam.
14
P fn: -uttarn-rdhvata sthitn; S, V, Dh: sthitn.
15
S: -kramaa- ; V: -kramasa- ; P fn: -kramaa.
73
Vttaratnkara
upntyato nivarteta
tyajannekaikam-rdhvata1 |
lagakriykasandohe
bhavet-sakhy vimirite |
uddikasamhra
sakhyaiva5 dviguaikon
sadbhir-adhv prakrtita |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dh: tyajennaikaikam-rdhvata.
Dh: ekadvydilagakriy; S: guror-evam-ekad-vydi; V: -guror-evam-eka- ; S adds: yugmam,
at the end of this verse.
Dh adds: ity-ekad-vydilagakriy.
Dh adds: iti sakhy.
P fn: -eka.
V: vyptimadha.
Dh: kurydathgulim.
Dh adds: ity-adhv.
74
Vttaratnkara
,,
1
2
3
4
5
Vttaratnkara
76
rutabodha
by
rmat Klidsa
edited by
Vsudev Laxma Shstr Pakar
(Bombay, 1906)
rutabodha
78
rutabodha
rutabodha
loka
[Mtrchandas]
[ry] 30 + 27 mtr
rutabodha
[Akaracchandas]
[Pkti] 5 syllables
,
dyacaturtha
pacamaka cet |
yatra guru sytskarapakti || 7 ||
[aivadan] 6 syllables
,
agurucatuka
bhavati gur dvau |
ghanakucayugme
aivadansau || 8 ||
[Madalekh] 7 syllables
,
dvicatupdayorhrasva
saptama drghamanyayo || 10 ||
saptama dvicaturthayo |
This metre is also known as Anuubha, and Vaktra. In the 5 th, 6th, & 7th positions of the prior
line, the following variations are allowed: ; ; ,; & ,.
80
rutabodha
[Mavakkra]1 8 syllables
digata turyagata
pacamaka cntyagatam |
sydguru cetsakathita2
mavakkramidam || 12 ||
[Nagasvarpi]3 8 syllables
,
dvituryaahamaama
guru prayojita yad |
tad nivedayanti t
budh nagasvarpim || 13 ||
[Vidyunml] 8 syllables
,
1
2
3
4
rutabodha
[Has] 10 syllables
,
mandkrntntyayatirahit
slakre yadi bhavati y |
s vidvadbhirdhruvamabhihit
jey has kamalavadane || 17 ||
[lin] 11 syllables
,
dyacaturthamahnanitambe
saptamaka daama ca tathntyam |
yatra guru prakaasmarasre
tatkathita nanu dodhakavttam || 19 ||
[Indravajr] 11 syllables
,
yadndravajrcaraeu prve
bhavanti var laghava suvare |
amandamdyanmadane tadnmupendravajr kathit kavndrai || 21 ||
1
2
virma.
yasy [tria-].
82
rutabodha
[Upajti]1 11 syllables
,Indravajr
yatra dvayorapyanayostu pd
,Upendravajr
vidvadbhirdyai parikrtit s
, Upendravajr
prayujyatmityupajtire || 22 ||
[khynak]2 11 syllables
,
khynak s prakaktrthe
,
yadndravajrcaraa purastt |
,
maniokt vipartaprv3 || 23 ||
[Rathoddhat] 11 syllables
,
dyamakaramatasttyaka
saptama ca navama tathntimam |
drghamindusakhi yatra jyate
t vadanti kavayo rathoddhatm || 24 ||
[Svgat] 11 syllables
,
There are 14 possible types of Upajti metre having a mixture of Indravajr and
Upendravajr lines, all of which have been given names. The example verse is a variety
called Bhadr. Upajti may consist of a mixture of other metres also, including ones that are
not 11 syllables in length. So that, for example, we may find a verse consisting of one line
each of Indravajr, Upendravajr, Vaasth, & Vasantatilak - still the verse would be
known as Upajti.
2
khynak is normally counted as an Ardhasamavtta, having the structure of Indravajr in
the 1st and 3rd lines, and Upendravajr in the 2nd and 4th. Here the definition is slightly
different with the 1st line being Indravajr, and the rest are defined as Upendravajr.
Vipartkhynak is defined in the verse here as being the reverse of the above, i.e. having first
an Upendravajr line, then three Indravajr lines.
3
P has a note: prv, here, but that is the same as the text, so there must be some mistake here.
4
cet.
83
rutabodha
sattyakaahamanagarate2
navama viratiprabhava guru cet |
ghanapnapayodharabhranate
nanu toakavttamida kathitam || 27 ||
[Bhujagaprayta] 12 syllables
,
1
2
3
4
5
proktameanayane.
-anantarate
cet.
viratija.
vicakaai.
84
rutabodha
[Hariplut] 11 + 12 syllables1
yasymaokkurapipallave
vaasthapd guruprvavarak |
truyahelratiragallase
tmindrava kavaya pracakate || 33 ||
[Prabhvat] 13 syllables
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
rutabodha
[Vasantatilaka] 14 syllables
,
kmkukuitakmimatagajendre.
t.
3
daamntikam.
4
yadi tricaturdaau.
5
sphuratkarakakae.
6
yad prvo.
7
kamalanayane. This footnote has no corresponding reference number in the text.
8
ahakapar
9
-jaghan.
10
rudrair-.
2
86
rutabodha
[Pthv] 17 syllables
,
catvra prksutanu guravo dvau daaikdaau5 cenmugdhe varau tadanu kumudmodini dvdantyau |
tadvaccntyau yugarasahayairyacca6 knte virmo
mandkrnt pravarakavayastanvi t sagirante || 41 ||
[rdlavikrita] 19 syllables
,
aaama.
-daamantika.
3
-phai- .
4
pthv hi.
5
dvdaau [in place of dvau daai-].
6
-yatra [in place of -yacca].
7
dycedguravastraya.
8
ahastath cama.
9
nanvekdaa-.
10
-adadyau tata.
2
87
rutabodha
[Sragdhar] 21 syllables
,,
Udgti - Chandastra.....9
Udgti - Vttaratnkara.....39
Uddhari - Chandastra.....22
Uddhari - Vttaratnkara.....58
Upagti - Chandastra.....9
Upagti - Vttaratnkara.....38
Upagti - rutabodha.....79
Upacitraka - Chandastra.....15
Upacitr - Chandastra.....11
Upacitr - Vttaratnkara.....43
Upacitr - Vttaratnkara.....66
Upajti - Chandastra.....18
Upajti - Vttaratnkara.....50
Upajti - rutabodha.....83
Upasthitapracupita - Chandastra.....14
Upasthitapracupita - Vttaratnkara.....71
Upasthit - Chandastra.....18
Upasthit - Vttaratnkara.....50
Upasthit - Vttaratnkara.....52
Upendravajr - Chandastra.....18
Upendravajr - Vttaratnkara.....50
Upendravajr - rutabodha.....82
abhagajavilasita - Vttaratnkara.....59
abhajavilasita - Chandastra.....22
El - Vttaratnkara.....59
Aupacchandasaka - Chandastra.....9
Aupacchandasika - Vttaratnkara.....39
Kanakaprabh - Chandastra.....26
Kany - Vttaratnkara.....46
Kalik - Vttaratnkara.....69
Kntotp - Chandastra.....20
Kuilagati - Chandastra.....26
Kuil - Chandastra.....26
Kumaladant - Chandastra.....25
Kumralalit - Chandastra.....17
Kusumavicitr - Chandastra.....20
Kusumavicitr - Vttaratnkara.....53
Kusumitalatvellit - Chandastra.....23
Kusumitalatvellit - Vttaratnkara.....61
Ketumat - Chandastra.....15
Ketumat - Vttaratnkara.....66
Kokilaka - Chandastra.....27
Kokilaka - Vttaratnkara.....61
Kraucapad - Chandastra.....24
Kraucapad - Vttaratnkara.....64
Kam - Vttaratnkara.....55
Khaj - Chandastra.....16
Khaj - Vttaratnkara.....44
Gti - Chandastra.....9
Gti - Vttaratnkara.....38
Gti - rutabodha.....79
Gtyry - Chandastra.....11
Gaur - Chandastra.....21
Gaur - Chandastra.....25
Cacalkik - Chandastra.....20
Caaviprayta - Chandastra.....25
Caaviprayta - Vttaratnkara.....65
Candralekh - Vttaratnkara.....59
Candravartma - Vttaratnkara.....52
Candrvart - Chandastra.....22
Campakaml - rutabodha.....81
Cruhsini - Vttaratnkara.....40
Cruhsin - Chandastra.....10
Citrapad - Chandastra.....17
Citrapad - Vttaratnkara.....47
Citr - Chandastra.....11
Citr - Vttaratnkara.....42
Clik - Chandastra.....11
Jagat - Chandastra.....19
Jaladharaml - Chandastra.....25
Jaladharaml - Vttaratnkara.....54
Jaloddhatagati - Chandastra.....20
Jaloddhatagati - Vttaratnkara.....53
Jyoti - Chandastra.....11
Tata - Chandastra.....20
Tanumadhy - Chandastra.....17
Tanumadhy - Vttaratnkara.....46
Tanv - Chandastra.....24
Tanv - Vttaratnkara.....64
Toaka - Chandastra.....20
Toaka - Vttaratnkara.....53
Toaka - rutabodha.....84
Dakintik - Vttaratnkara.....40
Daaka - Chandastra.....25
Dodhaka - Chandastra.....18
Dodhaka - Vttaratnkara.....51
Dodhaka - rutabodha.....82
Drutamadhy - Chandastra.....15
Drutamadhy - Vttaratnkara.....66
Drutavilambita - Chandastra.....20
Drutavilambita - Vttaratnkara.....53
Drutavilambita - rutabodha.....84
Nagasvarpi - rutabodha.....81
Narkuaka - Vttaratnkara.....60
Navamlik - Vttaratnkara.....55
Navamlin - Chandastra.....21
Nrcaka - Chandastra.....27
Nr - Vttaratnkara.....45
Paava - Chandastra.....18
Paavam - Vttaratnkara.....49
Padacaturrdhva - Chandastra.....13
Padacaturrdhva - Vttaratnkara.....68
Pkti - Vttaratnkara.....46
Pkti - rutabodha.....80
Pdkulaka - Chandastra.....11
Pdkulaka - Vttaratnkara.....43
Pua - Chandastra.....20
Pua - Vttaratnkara.....53
Pupitagr - Chandastra.....16
Pupitgr - Vttaratnkara.....67
Pthv - Chandastra.....22
Pthv - Vttaratnkara.....60
Pthv - rutabodha.....87
Pracita - Chandastra.....25
Pracitaka - Vttaratnkara.....65
Pratypa - Chandastra.....13
Pratypa - Chandastra.....13
Prabhadrak - Vttaratnkara.....59
Prabh - Vttaratnkara.....55
Prabhvat - rutabodha.....85
Pramik - Vttaratnkara.....48
Pram - Chandastra.....12
Pramitkar - Chandastra.....20
Pramitkar - Vttaratnkara.....54
Pramitkar - rutabodha.....84
Pramuditavadan - Vttaratnkara.....53
Pravttaka - Chandastra.....10
Pravttaka - Vttaratnkara.....40
Prahaakalit - Chandastra.....21
Praharaakalit - Vttaratnkara.....57
Prahari - Vttaratnkara.....56
Prahari - rutabodha.....85
Prahri - Chandastra.....21
Prcyavtti - Chandastra.....10
Prcyavtti - Vttaratnkara.....40
Priyavad - Vttaratnkara.....54
Bhadrak - Vttaratnkara.....63
Bhadravirj - Chandastra.....15
Bhadravirj - Vttaratnkara.....66
Bhadrik - Vttaratnkara.....52
Bhujagaiubht - Vttaratnkara.....49
90
Bhujagaiust - Chandastra.....17
Bhujagaprayta - Chandastra.....20
Bhujagaprayta - Vttaratnkara.....53
Bhujagaprayta - rutabodha.....84
Bhujagavijmbhita - Chandastra.....24
Bhujagavijmbhita - Vttaratnkara.....64
Bhramaravilasita - Chandastra.....19
Bhramaravilasita - Vttaratnkara.....51
Majar - Chandastra.....14
Majubhi - Vttaratnkara.....56
Maiguanikar - Chandastra.....22
Maiguanikara - Vttaratnkara.....59
Maimadhya - rutabodha.....81
Maiml - Vttaratnkara.....54
Mattamayra - Chandastra.....21
Mattamayra - Vttaratnkara.....56
Matt - Chandastra.....18
Matt - Vttaratnkara.....49
Mattkr - Chandastra.....24
Mattkr - Vttaratnkara.....63
Madalekh - Vttaratnkara.....47
Madalekh - rutabodha.....80
Madraka - Chandastra.....24
Manoram - Vttaratnkara.....49
Mandkrnt - Chandastra.....23
Mandkrnt - Vttaratnkara.....60
Mandkrnt - rutabodha.....87
Mayrasri - Chandastra.....18
Mayrasri - Vttaratnkara.....49
Mavaka - Vttaratnkara.....48
Mavakkra - rutabodha.....81
Mavakkritaka - Chandastra.....17
Mtrsamaka - Chandastra.....10
Mtrsamaka - Vttaratnkara.....42
Mlan - Vttaratnkara.....55
Mlartunavakau - Chandastra.....22
Mlin - Chandastra.....22
Mlin - Vttaratnkara.....59
Mlin - rutabodha.....86
Mg - Vttaratnkara.....45
Mauktikaml - Vttaratnkara.....52
Yavamat - Chandastra.....16
Yavamat - Vttaratnkara.....68
Rathoddhat - Chandastra.....19
Rathoddhat - Vttaratnkara.....51
Rathoddhat - rutabodha.....83
Rukmavat - Chandastra.....18
Rukmavat - Vttaratnkara.....49
Rucir - Chandastra.....21
Lalan - Chandastra.....26
Lalita - Chandastra.....14
Lalit - Vttaratnkara.....54
Lalit - Vttaratnkara.....71
Laval - Chandastra.....14
Laval - Vttaratnkara.....69
Vaapatrapatita - Vttaratnkara.....60
Vaapantrapatita - Chandastra.....22
Vaastha - Vttaratnkara.....52
Vaasthavila - rutabodha.....85
Vaasth - Chandastra.....19
Vaktra - Chandastra.....12
Vaktra - Vttaratnkara.....41
Varatanu - Chandastra.....25
Varayuvat - Chandastra.....26
Varasundar - Chandastra.....26
Vardhamna - Chandastra.....14
Vardhamna - Vttaratnkara.....72
Vasantatilaka - rutabodha.....86
Vasantatilak - Chandastra.....21
Vasantatilak - Vttaratnkara.....57
Vasumat - Vttaratnkara.....47
Vin - Vttaratnkara.....60
Vtormi - Vttaratnkara.....51
Vtorm - Chandastra.....19
Vnavsik - Chandastra.....10
Vnavsik - Vttaratnkara.....42
Vhin - Chandastra.....21
Vitna - Chandastra.....12
Vitna - Vttaratnkara.....48
Vidyunml - Chandastra.....17
Vidyunml - Vttaratnkara.....47
Vidyunml - rutabodha.....81
Vipartkhynak - Chandastra.....16
Vipartkhynak - Vttaratnkara.....67
Vibudhapriy - Chandastra.....27
Vilsin - Chandastra.....19
Viloka - Chandastra.....10
Viloka - Vttaratnkara.....42
Vismit - Chandastra.....27
Vtta - Chandastra.....23
Vtta - Vttaratnkara.....62
Vtt - Vttaratnkara.....52
Vnt - Chandastra.....19
Vegavat - Chandastra.....15
Vegavat - Vttaratnkara.....66
Vaitlya - Chandastra.....9
91
Vaitlya - Vttaratnkara.....39
Vaivadev - Chandastra.....20
Vaivadev - Vttaratnkara.....54
Vaivadev - rutabodha.....84
aikal - Vttaratnkara.....58
aivadan - Chandastra.....27
aivadan - Vttaratnkara.....46
aivadan - rutabodha.....80
rdlavikrita - Chandastra.....23
rdlavikrita - Vttaratnkara.....61
rdlavikrita - rutabodha.....87
lini - Chandastra.....19
lin - Vttaratnkara.....51
lin - rutabodha.....82
ikhari - Chandastra.....23
ikhari - Vttaratnkara.....60
ikhari - rutabodha.....86
ikh - Chandastra.....11
ikh - Chandastra.....16
ikh - Vttaratnkara.....43
uddhavirj - Chandastra.....18
uddhavir - Vttaratnkara.....49
uddhavirrabha - Vttaratnkara.....72
uddhavirabha - Chandastra.....15
ailaikh - Chandastra.....26
yen - Chandastra.....19
r - Vttaratnkara.....45
r - Vttaratnkara.....51
loka - rutabodha.....80
Samnik - Vttaratnkara.....48
Samn - Chandastra.....12
Sihonnata - Vttaratnkara.....57
Sihonnat - Chandastra.....22
Sumukh - Vttaratnkara.....51
Suvadan - Chandastra.....23
Suvadan - Vttaratnkara.....62
Saumy - Chandastra.....11
Saurabhaka - Chandastra.....14
Saurabhaka - Vttaratnkara.....71
Str - Vttaratnkara.....45
Sragdhar - Chandastra.....23
Sragdhar - Vttaratnkara.....62
Sragdhar - rutabodha.....88
Sragvi - Chandastra.....20
Sragvi - Vttaratnkara.....54
Sraj - Vttaratnkara.....58
Svgat - Chandastra.....19
Svgat - Vttaratnkara.....51
Svgat - rutabodha.....83
Hasaruta - Chandastra.....17
Hasaruta - Vttaratnkara.....48
Has - rutabodha.....82
Hariaplut - Chandastra.....16
Hariaplut - Vttaratnkara.....67
Hari - Chandastra.....22
Hari - Vttaratnkara.....60
Hari - rutabodha.....86
Hariplut - rutabodha.....85
Halamukh - Chandastra.....17
Halamukh - Vttaratnkara.....48
92
Avaghoa
edited by
Edward B. Cowell
(1893)
E. H. Johnston
(1935)
nandajoti Bhikkhu
(2005/2549)
94
Johnson's edition (and Schreiner following him) interpreted anusvara as the relavant nasal
for the consonant group. But I think Cowell must have been following the writing in the
manuscripts in his edition, and I have therefore continued with that here.
Although Johnson's edition is definitely to be preferred, being based on better manuscripts, it
is not in the public domain as yet, therefore I have prepared Cowell's edition here.
Avaghoa's normal prosody, and are therefore incorrect. In a few cases therefore I
have preferred Johnson's readings, these are all noted in the appropriate place.1
Although I have adjusted Cowell's text in the ways indicated above wherever necessary, there
has, of course, been no attempt to establish a new edition. I have simply examined Johnson's
text to see if we can provide better readings, where it is clear that the metre must be
incorrect, so as to more accurately reflect Avaghoa's prosody.
In Cowell's edition once or twice he took readings that would have required reading a double
consonant as not making position to satisfy the metre, but in each case Johnson's edition is to
be preffered.
In what follows it is as well to remember that out of an original 28 Chapters in Buddhacarita
only 14 remain for examination.
96
The prosodic texts themselves differ one from the other in their classification of the metre. It
seems best therefore to treat it as being in a class of its own.
97
In the schemes given here I = Indravjr lines, U = Upendravajr lines. When there are 4
Indravajr lines in a verse, the whole verse is known by that name (similarly with
Upendravajr, of course).
98
We can see from the sandhi that the pda-s in the Upajti lines were taken together for
pronounciation, which therefore differs from the early Pi verses, where the pda is
the normal unit for purposes of pronunciation.1
Most of Chapters I, II, III, VII, IX, X, XI, and XIII are written in this metre.
Similarly we may note that the syntax of the verses, which in the Pi period was the
pdayuga, is here the verse itself.
See the Appendix on the Siloka and Tuhubha metres in my Outline of the Metres in the Pi
Canon.
99
in the 2nd and 3rd positions of each pda, two successive light syllables are not
allowed; and in the opening of the posterior half of the line the pattern is not
allowed.1
The pathy form of the metre occurs in the text presented here 529 times, which given
that there are 593 pdayuga-s in the loka metre, means that it occurs in 89% of the
lines, which is typical of the Classical period.
There are only 3 variations that occur in the prior line, which can be outlined here:
navipul (49 pdayugas, 9%)
bhavipul (7 pdayugas, 1.5%)
mavipul , (8 pdayugas, 1.5%)
Notice that in the navipul-s and bhavipuls-s a heavy syllable always occurs in 4th
position and at the end of the pda.2 In the mavipul the opening always
occurs, and there is normally a caesura after the 5th syllable.3 The bhavipul lines here
always show the same opening, so that both bhavipul and mavipul have fixed
quantities for most of the line.
The metre is employed as then main metre in Chapters IV, VI, XII, and what remains
of Chapter XIV.
As with Upajti the sandhi shows that the two lines were taken together in pronounciation,
without a pause at the end of the line.
In the early period the weight of the end syllable was assured by the pause occuring in
recitation.
12.92c shows an exception to this, as in both Cowell's edition which reads -karma-, and
Johnson's which reads -ama-, the caesura is at the 6th.
100
5. Other Metres
We are left now with the 6 metres which are used to conclude the various Chapters.
They are all fixed in the schemes, and no variation is allowed in the lines except at the
end of the pdayuga, where the quantity is assured by the pause.
1. Pupitgr = (26 verses)
The Pupitgr metre, which is derived from Aupacchandasaka, with resolution of the
3rd syllable in both lines. It is employed to conclude Chapters I, V, and VIII.
2. Rucir = (3 verses)
The Rucir metre is derived from the Vaastha metre, with resolution of the 5th
syllable, which gives it 14 syllables to the pda. The scheme of the metre is as follows:
,
there is a definite caesura after the 4th syllable. The metre is only emplowed in 3
verses, twice at the conclusion of Chapter III, and again at the conclusion of Chapter
XII.
3. Prahari = (3 verses)
This metre concludes two Chapters, numbers IX (2 verses), and X, it's scheme can be
given as:
,
and again there is a definite caesura in the line, this time at the 3rd after a run of
heavy syllables.
4. Mlin = (2 verses)
In contrast Mlin has a run of 5 light syllables in the opening. It is used as the
Classical metre which closes Chapters II and XIII;1 its scheme of 15 syllables can be
outlined like this:
,
In the text established by Cowell, another verse follows the Mlin conclusion, but this is
spurious.
101
5. ikhari = (1 verse)
This is a 17-syllable metre, which is used at the conclusion of Chapter IV, it's scheme,
which has a definite caesura after the 6th syllable is as follows:
,
6. Aparavaktra = (1 verse)
This metre is similar to Pupitgr, but with the Vaitlya cadence, thereby having the
followng scheme:
102
Buddha-carita
The Buddha-carita
Book I [Bhagavatprasti]
riya parrdhy vidadhadvidhtjit tamo nirasyannabhibhtabhnubht |
nudannidgha jitacrucadram sa vadyate 'rhanniha yasya nopam || 1.1*1
sdvilonnatasnulakmy payodapaktyeva partaprvam |
udagradhiya gagae 'vagha pura mahare kapilasya vastu || 1.2*
sitonnateneva nayena htv kailsaailasya yadabhraobhm |
bhramdupetn vahadabuvhn sabhvan v saphalcakra || 1.3*
ratnaprabhodbhsini yatra lebhe tamo na dridryamivvakam |
parrdhyapaurai sahavsatot ktasmitevtirarja lakm || 1.4*
yadvediktoraasihakarairatnairdadhna prativeama obhm |
jagatyadveva samnamanyatspardh svagehairmitha eva cakre || 1.5*
rmmukhedn paribhtapadmn yatrpayto 'pyavimanya bhnu |
satpayogdiva vri veu pactsamudrbhimukha pratasthe || 1.6*
akyrjitn yaas janena dvtabhva gamito 'yamindra |
iti dhvajaicrucalatpatkairyanmrumasykamivodayacchat || 1.7*
ktvpi rtrau kumudaprahsamido karairyadrajatlayasthai |
sauvaraharmyeu gatrkapdairdiv sarojadyutimlalabe || 1.8*
mahbt mrdhni ktbhieka uddhodano nma npo 'rkabadhu |
adhyayo v sphuapudarka purdhirja tadalacakra || 1.9*
bhbhtparrdhyo 'pi sapaka eva pravttadno 'pi madnupeta |
o 'pi nitya samaipta saumyasvabhvo 'pi pthupratpa || 1.10*
bhujena yasybhihat patato dviaddvipedr samargaeu |
udvtamuktprakarai irobhirbhaktyeva pupjalibhi praemu || 1.11*
atipratpdavadhya atrnmahopargniva tigmabhnu |
udyotaymsa jana samattpradarayannrayayamrgn || 1.12*
dharmrthakm viaya mitho 'nya na veamcakramurasya nty |
vispardhamn iva tgrasiddhe sugocare dptatar babhvu || 1.13*
Verses marked with an asterick are omitted from Johnson's edition as being spurious, and
have not been analysed here.
Buddha-carita
Buddha-carita
ta jtamtramatha kcanaypagaura
prta sahasranayaa anakairaght
madrapupanikarai saha tasya mrdhni
khnnirmale ca vinipetaturabudhre || 1.27*
surapradhnai paridhryamo dehujlairanurajayastn |
sadhybhrajloparisanivia navourja vijigya lakmy || 1.28*
Upajti (Bl)
ankulnyabjasamudgatni nipeavatyyatavikrami |
Cowell's edition reads: dpty ca dhairyea riy, which would means having to count r- in
riy as not making position to avoid a heavy 6th syllable, but this is not possible, given
Avaghoa's prosody.
105
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
dev nanadurvigate 'pi rge magnasya dukhe jagato hitya || 1.39 (1.20)
Upajti (Rm)
106
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Sl)
Upajti (Indravajr)
sa prthivtapurasanikara kumrajanmgataharavegam |
107
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indrava)
108
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
api praysymi sukha paratra supte 'pi putre 'nimiaikacaku || 1.70 (1.65)
Upajti (V)
kipra vibho brhi na me 'sti ti sneha sute vetsi hi bdhavnm || 1.71 (1.66)
Upajti (Indravajr)
Upajti (Indravajr)
Upajti (ddhi)
dukhravdvydhivikraphenjjartaragnmaraogravegt |
109
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
110
Buddha-carita
Pupitgr
111
Buddha-carita
Book II [Antapuravihro]
Upajti (Sl)
nnkacihnairnavahemabhairabhitairlabasaaistathnyai |
112
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
udynadevyatanram kpaprappukarivannm |
113
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Has)
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Has)
kalairhi cmkarabaddhakakairnrkargrbhihatairmdagai |
Upajti (Bhadr)
115
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Bl)
ryacrtparamavratni vairyahsccirasabhtni |
na cjihrdbalimapravtta na ccikrtparavastvabhidhym |
116
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Chy)
viayasukharasaj jagmurutpannaputr |
,
117
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Krti)
118
Buddha-carita
Upajti (V)
t srastakcguavighnitca suptaprabuddhkulalocanca |
prsdasopnatalapradai kcravairnpuranisvanaica |
parasparotpanapiitn samardasaobhitakualnm |
119
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Sl)
vtyannmavilabhvdanyonyagarpitakualni |
120
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Rm)
tata sa prvayauddhabuddhirvistrakalpcitapuyakarm |
121
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Bl)
Upajti (Ml)
122
Buddha-carita
Upajti (ddhi)
123
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Chy)
Vaastha
Cowell's edition reads: varpsarontyamalakdhiplaya, which would mean taking -ty- in ntyam- as not making position, to correct the metre.
124
Buddha-carita
Book IV [Strvightano]
pathy loka
The pathy form of the metre should be presumed in the loka verses unless otherwise
indicated.
-br- in abravt makes position here.
125
Buddha-carita
Cowell's edition reads: obhayata which has 2 light syllables in 2nd and 3rd positions, which
is normally avoided in the Classical Period.
126
Buddha-carita
navipul
t bhrbhi prekitairbhvairhasitairlalitairgatai |
127
Buddha-carita
srastsakomallabamdubhulatbal |
kcidjpayatva provcrdrnulepan |
muhurmuhurmadavyjasrastanlukpar |
kcitkanakakcbhirmukharbhiritastata |
128
Buddha-carita
pnavalgustan kcidvtghritakual |
kcitskepamadhurairjaghurvacankuai || 4.40
kicinmadakalairvkyairnptmajamabhata || 4.43
129
Buddha-carita
130
Buddha-carita
tadvrparihrrthamtmaratyarthameva ca || 4.67
Cowell's edition reads: jar mtyu ca vydhi. For the metre to be correct here we would
have to understand vy- in vydhi as failing to make position. Either way we have pathy.
131
Buddha-carita
132
Buddha-carita
133
Buddha-carita
mtyuvydhijardharmo mtyuvydhijartmabhi |
134
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
135
Buddha-carita
Book V [Abhinikramao]
Aupacchandasaka
navarukmakhalnakikika pracalaccmaracruhemabham |
halabhinnavikraapadarbh hataskmakrimikajatukrm |
136
Buddha-carita
Aupacchandasaka
Buddha-carita
Aupacchandasaka
138
Buddha-carita
Aupacchandasaka
139
Buddha-carita
Aupacchandasaka
calakudalacubitnanbhirghananivsavikapitastanbhi |
vanitbhiradhralocanbhirmgavbhirivbhyudkyama || 5.41
Aupacchandasaka
kanakojjvaladptadpavka varaklgurudhpapragarbham |
140
Buddha-carita
Aupacchandasaka
navapukaragarbhakomalbhy tapanyojjvalasagatgadbhym |
paava yuvatirbhujsadedavavisrasitacrupamany |
141
Buddha-carita
Aupacchandasaka
142
Buddha-carita
Aupacchandasaka
143
Buddha-carita
Pupitgr
Pupitgr
Pupitgr
Pupitgr
Pupitgr
Pupitgr
Pupitgr
Pupitgr
144
Buddha-carita
Book VI [Chadakanivartana]
bhavipul
suptavivastaharia svasthasthitavihagamam |
pathy loka
sa vismayanivttyartha tapapjrthameva ca |
The pathy form of the metre should be presumed in the loka verses unless otherwise
indicated.
145
Buddha-carita
ityuktv sa mahbhuranuasacikray |
tadevamabhinikrta na m ocitumarhasi |
146
Buddha-carita
147
Buddha-carita
148
Buddha-carita
yo hi cadramasastaikya kathayecchraddadhta v |
149
Buddha-carita
150
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Krti)
151
Buddha-carita
dv tamikvkukulapradpa jvalatamudyatamivumatam |
tata sa tairramibhiryathvadabhyarcitacopanimatritaca |
152
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Chy)
153
Buddha-carita
Upajti (rdr)
154
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
abhyuddhtaprajvalitgnihotra ktbhiekarijanvakram |
anvavrajannramiastatasta tadrpamhtmyagatairmanobhi |
155
Buddha-carita
Upajti (ddhi)
156
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
157
Buddha-carita
158
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
159
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
araktatmraicaraairanpurairakualairrjavakarikairmukhai |
suvttapngulibhirniratarairabhaairghairairvargan |
Cowell's edition reads: k vivarjanay vinkt, which would give a short syllable in
the opening of line c, against Avaghoa'a normal prosody.
160
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
161
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
tamaca naia ravieva pita tato 'pi daivo vidhirea ghyatm || 8.46
Vaastha
divi praviddha mukua ca taddhta tato 'pi daivo vidhirea ghyatm || 8.48
Vaastha
162
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
163
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
sama bubhuk parato 'pi tatphala tato 'sya jto mayi dharmamatsara || 8.63
Vaastha
164
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
165
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
166
Buddha-carita
Book IX [Kumrnveao]
Upajti (Krti)
167
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Upendravajr)
mauldharairasaviaktahrai keyraviabdhabhujairnaredrai1 |
Cowell's edition reads: keyraviabdhasrajair, which means we would have to understand sr- as not making position, which goes against the Avaghoa's normal prosody.
168
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Has)
Upajti (Indravajr)
Cowell's edition reads: kalitu na crhasi, which would give Vaastha. This is not
impossible in Upajti verses; but it goes against Avaghoa's normal prosody.
Cowell's edition is corrupt here, he reads: satpasatapta [.. .. .. .. ..].
169
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
Cowell's edition is corrupt here, he reads: yad ca garbhtprabhti prajn vadhya [.. ..]
nubadhya mtyu.
170
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Krti)
Cowell's edition is corrupt here, he reads: grhkula ca sthita [.. .. .. .. .. .. ..] ramya
vyasanraya ca. The following verses, missing in Cowell's edition are supplied from
Johnson's edition.
171
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
172
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Sl)
173
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Krti)
tatrpi cit tava tta m bht prve 'pi jagmu svagha vanebhya || 9.58 (9.68)
Upajti (Upendravajr)
avetya tattva tapas amena v svaya grahymi yadatra nicitam || 9.63 (9.73)
Vaastha
174
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
vthpi khedo 'pi vara ubhtmana sukha na tattve 'pi vigarhittmana || 9.65
(9.75)
Vaastha
175
Buddha-carita
Book X [reybhigamano]
Upajti (Krti)
176
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Rm)
alolacakuryugamtradar nivttavgyatritamadagm |
177
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Chy)
178
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
suvarakeyravidaabhavo maipradpojjvalacitramaulaya |
179
Buddha-carita
,[],
Prahari
These 2 syllables, missing in Cowell's edition (where he wrongly identifies the omission as
occurring in line c), are supplied from Johnson's edition.
180
Buddha-carita
Book XI [Kmavigarhao]
Upajti (Ml)
181
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Krti)
182
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Sl)
183
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Krti)
184
Buddha-carita
Upajti (My)
185
Buddha-carita
Upajti (My)
186
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
187
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
188
Buddha-carita
pathy loka
The pathy form of the metre should be presumed in the loka verses unless otherwise
indicated.
Written pivanniva in the text, which must be a misprint.
189
Buddha-carita
190
Buddha-carita
vipratyaydahakrtsadehdabhisaplavt |
191
Buddha-carita
namaskravaakrau prokabhyukadaya |
mamedamahamasyeti yaddukhamabhimanyate |
192
Buddha-carita
193
Buddha-carita
amenaivavidhenya kmadveavigarhi |
Cowell's edition reads: vhatphala, which would give an Anuubh variation, which is not
acceptable in Avaghoa's prosody.
194
Buddha-carita
samdhervyutthitastasmddv docharrim |
adhytmakualevanyo nivartytmnamtman |
Cowell's edition reads: ruci, which would give a light syllable at th end of the pda, but
navipul needs a heavy syllable after the three light ones.
195
Buddha-carita
ketrevasyparitygdavaimyetadanaihikam || 12.69
navipul
Johnson inserts 2 extra verses inserted at this point, written in italics here. The rest of the
verse numbers in this chapter in Johnson's edition are affected by this, and are placed in
brackets in this edition henceforth.
196
Buddha-carita
197
Buddha-carita
mavipul
sapjyamnastai prahvairvinaynatamrtibhi |
Ed: This line could be either pathy or mavipul. The next line could be either navipul or
bhavipul.
Johnson's edition inserts this verse here, along with the translation. The numbering in
Johnson's edition is again affected by this change.
198
Buddha-carita
tvagasthieo nieairmedapiitaoitai |
atha kaatapaspaavyarthakliatanurmuni |
kutpipsramaklta ramdasvasthamnasa |
svasthaprasannamanasa samdhirupapadyate |
199
Buddha-carita
sitaakhojjvalabhuj nlakabalavsin |
mavipul
s raddhvardhitaprtirvikasallocanotpal |
200
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
Rucir
201
Buddha-carita
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
ara tato 'smai visasarja mra kanyca ktv purata sutca || 13.14
Upajti (V)
varhamnvakharoravaktr vyghrarkasihadviradnanca |
203
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Has)
204
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Ml)
keciccalannaikavilabijihvstkogradar harimaalk |
205
Buddha-carita
Upajti (V)
arracittavyasantapaistairevavidhaistaica niptyamnai |
206
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
207
Buddha-carita
Upajti (Indravajr)
208
Buddha-carita
Vaastha
209
Buddha-carita
Book XIV
pathy loka
navipul
The pathy form of the metre should be presumed in the loka verses unless otherwise
indicated.
210
Buddha-carita
navipul
navipul
pacyate piavatkecidayaskubhvavmukh |
keciddhairayastuairvyasairyasairiva || 14.14
keciddhaparirt tacchybhikkia |
navipul
211
Buddha-carita
navipul
bhavipul
navipul
scchidropamamukh parvatopamakukaya |
212
Buddha-carita