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Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Protection

Naveen Amarasinghe

What is REF Protection?


REF

Protection is a protection scheme that applied on transformers in order to detect ground faults on a given winding with high sensitivity.

Why REF Protection is Required?


Sensitivity

of the transformer differential protection to a earth fault is low due to the higher tripping settings of the differential protection. Because of this considerable part of a transformer winding will not have sufficient protection against an internal earth fault especially when the neutral point is grounded through an impedance.

Why REF Protection is Required?

How is REF Protection Implemented?

How is REF Protection Implemented?


Biased

REF Protection High Impedance REF Protection

What Kind of Faults Can Be Cleared by REF Protection ?


Internal

Faults

Winding to Earth Faults

External

Faults

None

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