117

Evaluation of Seismic Characteristic of Cylindrical Water Storage Tank by Vibration Test

Dependence of Dynamic Fluid Pressure Distribution on Input Acceleration

Akira Maekawa

Yasutaka Shimizu

Michiaki Suzuki

Katsuhisa Fujita

1/10

Abstract
Large-scale cylindrical water storage tanks with a large ratio of radius to thickness, which
means they have thin walls, cause the coupling vibration with the fluid stored in a tank and the tank structure
itself. It is important for the seismic-proof design of the water storage tanks to investigate the mechanism and
the influence of this coupling vibration.
th
This paper describes the results of a vibration test with a 1/10 scale reduced model of a large scale
industrial cylindrical water storage tank, and also refers to the dependence of the dynamic fluid pressure
distribution on input acceleration and its influence on the seismic-proof design. First, a seismic excitation
experiment was performed for the scale model tank. Secondly, a large amplitude excitation experiment was
conducted using sinusoidal wave of the input excitation by various magnitude. Finally, the dynamic fluid
pressure distribution, shear force and bending moment measured by the test were compared with the calculation
results of the present methods of the seismic-proof design. The results of the vibration test showed the dependence
of the dynamic fluid pressure distribution on the input acceleration which meant that the magnitude and the
distribution of the measured pressure fluctuate non-linearly. Taking the influence of the varying pressure of
the ovaling vibration on the dynamic fluid pressure distribution into consideration, it was found that the
measured values of the dynamic fluid pressure distribution were approximately equaled to the calculated ones.
The shearing force and bending moment of the tanks, which were important on the seismic-proof design
evaluation, were in approximate accordance with the results of the present methods regardless of the magnitude
of the input acceleration.
Key Words

Seismic-proof design evaluation, Seismic-proof strength, Coupling vibration, Vibration test,

Cylindrical water storage tank, Dynamic fluid pressure distribution,

Dependence on input acceleration,Oval vibration, Bulging

118

1.

(13)(14)

(15)-(19)

(1)

(14)

(2)

10m 15m

1/10

(3)

2.

(4)

Housner

(5)(6)

(7)-(10)

(11)(12)

119

0.1G 0.2G

3.

(16)

3.1

()

2
000

2
52
5

2
1

9
8
9
8

0
5 100

El Centro

(20)(21)

120

3.2

1/10

10m 15m

(22)

900

1200

1614

Backingham

1329

235

  

0.12

  


0.17

  

0.02

   

0.35

  


0.059



  




0.0009



  



0.0017

  

0.36

  

 




1.0


  

 



5.8
0.12

 


8.2

450

  

0.056

1.0

0.35

  

1
200

1.0



 

450



 

0.98

2.67

0.99

 :  :

121

3.3

95

1/5

EL 0.59G 0.95G

KH 0.41G 0.82G

1.5

El Centro EL
Imperial Valley
El Centro

1.0

KH EL 1940

0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5

3
4
sec

3
4
sec

KH
1.5

0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5

: EL : KH

: mm
180

1.0

90

90
0
400
270

180

5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.01

0.10

740 1200

270

800mm

60

1.00

10.00

1.00

10.00

sec
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.01

0.10
sec

: EL : KH

122

NASTRAN

53Hz

FEM

(23)

0.5G 1.6G

(JEAG4 6 0 1

(24)

FEM

(4)

Housner FEM

10

(25)

180 1/2

2
1
0
-1
-2

4.

1.25

1.3

1.35

1.4

1.45

Timesec

4.1

8
EL

3.4

0.59G 0.95G

FEM

: 0.59G
1200

1000

1000
m m

m m

: 0.59G
1200

800
600
400

200

800
600
400

200

0
-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

kPa

1000

1000

800
600

200

: 0.95G
1200
mm

mm

: 0.95G
1200

400

kPa

800
600
400

200

0
-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

kPa

3
kPa

0.59G0.95G
9 EL

123

KH

10

4.3

EL KH

0.41G 0.82G

11 12

EL

: 0.41G

: 0.41G
1200

1000

m m

m m

1200
800
600
400

200

800
600
400

200

0
-7

1000

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

kPa

: 0.82G

mm

mm

1200

1000
800
600
400

200

1000
800
600
400

200

0
-7

kPa

: 0.82G

1200

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

kPa

kPa

0.41G0.82G
10 KH

90

90

180

270

180

270

11 EL

12 KH

: 0.95G
:
:

: 0.82G
:
:

124

4.2

16

FEM

4.3

53Hz

0.5G 1.6G

17

13 14 13

FEM

700mm

18

14

600mm

19

53Hz 106Hz

FEM

20 20

FEM

15 16 15

1200

1000

1000
mm

mm

1200

800
600

800
600

400

400

200

200

0
0

10

20
30
kPa

13
:
:
:
:

0.73G
1.12G
1.41G
1.57G

40

-30

-20

-10

kPa
14
:
:
:
:

0.98G
1.29G
1.55G
1.62G

125

: 0.73G
1200

1000

1000
m m

m m

: 0.98G
1200
800
600
400

200

800
600
400

200

0
-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

10

kPa

15

20

25

30

35

30

35

kPa

15 FEM

: 1.57G
1200

1000

1000
m m

m m

: 1.62G
1200
800
600
400

200

800

600

400
200
0

0
-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

kPa

10

15

20

25

kPa

16 FEM
G

2
1
0
-1
-2
1.25

1.3

1.35
1.4
Timesec

90

1.45

0.73G
0.98G 1.57G
1.62G

1200
1200
1100

mm

mm

1100
800
600
400

200

0
0

10 15 20 25
kPa

800

600

180
0

400
200

30

0
0

10 15 20 25
kPa

30

17 FEM

270

Magnitude

10
8

18

: 1.57G
1.62G
:
:

4
2
0
0

25

50

75 100 125 150 175 200

Hz

19

126

21

20 19

16

20

21

13

14

140

Hz

120

m3

100
80

m2

60

4.4

m1

40
20

m4

53Hz
106Hz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

22 24
FEM

20 FEM

(4)

Housner
: 1.57G
1200

23 KH 24

mm

1000

1200

800
600

400

200

800

0
0

600

10 15 20 25 30 35
kPa

400

: 1.62G

200

1200

1000

m3

mm

mm

1000

22 EL

800
600
400
200

0
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5
kPa

21

127

E L
0.95G

KH0.82G

1400

600

800
600

800
600

400

400

400

200

200

200

0
0.0E+00

4.0E+03

8.0E+03

0
0.0E+00

1.2E+04

4.0E+03

E L
0.95G

1000
800
600
400

2.0E+06

4.0E+06

800
600

6.0E+04

SIN
1.6G

1000
800
600
400

200

200
2.0E+06

4.0E+06

6.0E+06

0
0.0E+00

Nmm

23 KH

Housner

1200

400

Nm m

22 EL

Housner

1000

6.0E+06

4.0E+04

1400

1200

0
0.0E+00

2.0E+04

1400

200
0
0.0E+00

0
0.0E+00

1.2E+04

KH0.82G

m m

Housner

1200

8.0E+03

1400

m m

1000
m m

800

1000

Housner

1200

m m

m m

1000

Housner

1200
m m

Housner

1200

SIN
1.6G

1400

1400

1.0E+07

2.0E+07

3.0E+07

Nmm

24

5.

1/10

FEM

()

()

, A-
, , p.181-183 (1986).
,
, , p.243 (2003).
Shimizu, N.,Advances and Trends in Seismic Design

of Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks, JSME

International Journal. Series C, Vol.33, No.2,

p.111-124 (1990).

Housner, G. W.,Dynamic Pressures on Accelerated

Fluid Containers, Bulletin of the Seismological

Society of America, Vol.47, No.1, p.15-35 (1957).

128

, , ,

18Tazuke, H., et al.,Buckling of LNG Tank under

Dynamic Fluid Pressure Caused by Seismic Excitation,

, Vol.26, No.7 (1977).

ASME-PVP, Vol.421, p.87-93 (2001).

Fischer, D. F. and Rammerstorfer, F. G.,The

19Morita, H., et al.,Assessment Procedure for

Stability of Liquid-Filled Cylindrical Shells under

Buckling of Thin Walled Cylindrical Liquid Storage

Dynamic Loading, Buckling of Shells, (Ed: E.

Tanks in Nuclear Power Plants under Seismic Loading,

Ramm), p.569-597, Springer, New York (1982).

Proc. 17 SMiRT, K14-3, p.1-8 (2003).

, , ,
, ,
No.59, p.69-74 (1975).
,
,
(C ), Vo.47, No.413, p.20-29 (1981).
, ,,
, Vol.31, No.1, p.62-67 (1981).
10 , , ,
,
(C ), Vol.48, No.426, p.215-228 (1982).
11 , ,
, (
), Vol.44, No.386, p.3446-3454 (1976).
12Haroun, M. A. and Housner, G. W.,Earthquake
Response of Deformable Liquid Storage Tank, J.
Appl. Mech., Vol.48, p.441-418 (1981).
13Shih, C. F. and Babcock, C. D.,Scale Model
Buckling Tests of a Fluid Filled Tank under
Harmonic Excitation, ASME-PVP, 80-C2, p.1-7
(1980).
14Chiba, M,Dynamic Stability of Liquid-Filled
Cylindrical Shells under Horizontal Excitation, Part
I: Experiment, J. Sound Vib., 104(2), p.301-319
(1986).
15Niwa, A. and Clough, R. W.,Buckling of
Cylindrical Liquid-Storage Tanks under Earthquake
Loading, J. Eathq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., Vol.10,
p.107-122 (1982).
16 ,
( ), , Vol.21, No.8,
p.440-452 (1984).
17 , , ,
,
(C ), Vol.56, No.525, p.1101-1106
(1990).

th

20 ,
, (1997).
21 ,
JEAG5003-1998,
(1998).
22 ,
, , p.455-457 (1997).
23 ,
, , p.1-2 (1990).
24 ,
JEAG 4601-1987,
, (1987).
25(),MSC/NASTRAN Advanced
Dynamic Analysis , p.124132 (1999).