AUTOMATIC GATE SYSTEM

Abstract

In this final year project work, we attempt to construct a small and simple model
of and Automatic Gate System, which uses a power window motor which uses for
car power window and circuitry to move the gate.

The primary aim of this project is to learn in details about how the automatic gate
system works and to understand to concepts involved. The secondary aim is to
fabricate a simple model to show how the system works.

The main activities involved in this project are the research done on how the
automatic gate works, sketching a detailed plan of the gates, welding (Arc
Welding) the metal pieces together to form the gate, purchasing the correct
power window motor and circuit’s and gate together and finally the test run.

Although we had many hiccups during the fabrication of the gate but we were
able to learned a lot from this project such as team work, innovation, the skill of
arc welding and the ability to put into practice what we have learned to achieve
our desired outcome.

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Contents

Abstract …… …………. ………………………………….. 1

Acknowledgement ………………. …………………………………… 3

Chapter 1 :

Introduction ………………..…..……………………………… 5

• History of the automatic gate

• Theory on how the gate functions
• Activities that took placed

Chapter 2 :

Method .. ….. ………………...…………………………… 8

• Welding method
• Safety method
• Diagram / plan
• The parts of completed circuits

Chapter 3 :

The explanation and figure gate …………….……………….………………. 19

• How it’s work ? (Opening gate & Closing gate)

Chapter 4 :

Future Works …………………………………………….………. 24

• Advantages & disadvantages

• Improvements on the fabricated model

Conclusion ……..………………………………………………. 26
Workshop gallery ………………………………………………………. 27
Reference ………………………………………………………. 29
Appendices ………………………………………………………. 30

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to take this opportunity to thank our lecturer
Mr.Krishnan for his guidance and advice on this project. At the same time I also
wont forget my group members and also colleagues to because they quite good
with sharing some of their information to complete this final year project
successfully.

Last but not least, I am very grateful to our Principal, Vice Principal, lectures
and friends where they gave us enough of time to complete this project and at
the same time I would like to thank my friends and classmates who helps me a
lot to complete this project. Thank You.

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Chapter 1:
Introduction
The aim of this project is to learn in detail about how the automatic gate system
and arc welding works, to understand the concepts involved and to fabricate a
simple model to show the system works.

History of the Automatic Gate

A $100 investment by s college student in Toledo, Ohio, in 1974 planted the seed
from which have grown one of the most successful garage door and automatic
gate system companies.
When George Elbe placed $100 advertisement in the local newspaper offering
13 automatic door openers, they were all sold and installed. This was the
beginning of a company whose business philosophy included exceptional
customer service, with a sharp focus on customer needs and satisfaction. That
philosophy also features direct access to all management personal by phone or
e-mail and it’s a credo that continues to this day.

In 1981, after seven years of dramatic growth in Toledo, the decision was made
to add a second location. Naples, FL, was chosen as a perfect settings, since it
combined a great with a rapidly expanding business environment. Utilizing the
same business tenets that were so successful in Toledo, Action Door and Gate
welcomed its first customer.

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Theory on How the Gate Functions

The theory of the automatic gate is very simple, when we press the open button,
a signal is sent to the main circuitry board which then allows the current to pass
through to the gates motor causing the motor to run and the gate open. Once the
gate is fully open (depending on where the resistant beam is located) the motor
stops running causing the gate to stop moving. And when the close button is
pressed the same thing happens but this time the motor run in the opposite
direction, therefore causing the gate close.

Activities that tool place

We started of this project by planning and drawing a schematic diagram of the

model automatic gate that was to be built. Arc welding method was used to join
the measured and cut metal pieces together to form the base, beams, wheels,
rail and gate. But the metal pieces that we bought were too thin to continue
welding so we decided to put screw to support the other part such as the base,
the wheels and the others.

Then the timing chain that will act as part of the moving mechanism was welded
to the bottom of the gate. The entire gate was spray with a black colour as
background then we brush some gold colour on top of it.

The next thing was to purchase the correct motor and circuitry. We decided to
use power window motor and master power window circuitry. We choose this
motor because it is able to move the metal gate from one end to the other end it
stops automatically.

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Chapter 2:
Welding Method ;

Tee joint

The Single –bevel tee joint can withstand more severe loadings than the square
tee joint , because of better distribution of stresses. It is generally used on plates
of ½ inch or less in thickness and where welding can only be done from one side.
The double-bevel tee joint is for use where heavy loads are applied and the
welding can be done on both sides of the vertical plate.

Lap joint

The single –fillet lap joint is easy to weld, since the filler metal is simply deposited
along the seam. The strength of the weld depends on the size of the fillet. Metal
up to ½ inch in thickness and not subject to heavy loads can be welded using this
joint. When the joint will be subjected to heavy load, you should use the double-
fillet lap joint. When welded properly, the strength of this joint is very close to the
strength of the base metal.

Edge joint

The flanged edge joint is suit –able for plate ¼ inch or less in thickness and can
only sustain lightloads.

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Safety Method

Our first priority was safety. Before and during the fabrication process, a few
safety precautions had to be taken. They are:

1.) Safety glove to be wear during the cutting, welding and drilling process.
2.) Welding goggles was used for the welding process because these
goggles consist of blue or dark glasses that are useful for protection of the
eyes from harmful effect of heat and ultraviolet rays.
3.) Proper attire had to be worn during the process
4.) Proper attire had to be worn during the process
5.) Proper the equipments had to be used for proper processes
6.) Most important of all was that a proper attitude had to be practiced

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Diagram and Plan

Figure 2.1 Completed Gate

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Figure 2.2 The rail and beam

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Welding Steps

Arc welding procedure:

1. The metal piece was properly cleaned.

2. The voltage was adjusted to the proper value.
3. The work piece was layout and connected with an earth damp.
4. The arc was strike in the correct positions.
5. A proper run of the welding was taken.
6. The weld was cleaned.

Arc Welding Steps: the gate was welded

Step 1

Figure 2.3

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Step 2

Figure 2.4

Step 3&4

Figure 2.5

The rail and beam was fabricated:

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Figure 2.6

Step 1

Figure 2.7

Step 2

Figure 2.8

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Step 3

Figure 2.9

Place to support Step 4

the power
window

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Figure 2.10:Power window motor

We had to modify the motor in order to fit to the gate. The modification were fix
an extra gear to the motor which will fit the timing chain and an extra socket to
hold the motor to the base.

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Figure 2.11:Timing Chain Gear Figure 2.12: Timing Chain

The parts of completed circuits

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Timing Chain
The look of power
window motor

Relay 12v

Transformer

Car Alarm system

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This is the structure of the automatic gate before the electronics parts have been
fixed to the gate.

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Figure 3.1

This are the electronics parts which have been prepared to fix to our gate

Figure 3.2

This is our group members which busy fixing the electronics components to
our automatic gate.

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Figure 3.3

This are the automatic gate which been successfully done by our group
members.

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Figure 3.4

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How it Works

Opening the Gate

• When the automatic switch is pressed, the current will sent to the
transformer to allow a current to be sent to the motor to move left or
right.
• Once the current reaches the motor will start to move and it will move
the gate back and forth.
• The gate reaches the end the gate touches the limit switch
• When the gate touches the limit switch, a current were sent to the
circuitry to stop the flow of current and stops the motor.

Closing the Gate

• After a few minuets the gate will automatic close cause a time relay
sensor is used in the circuit.
• Cause of the sensor used in the circuit the programmed IC will send a
current to the time relay to close the motor.
• When it almost reaches the end the gate will touch another limit switch.
• Then it will be touched, a current were sent to the circuit and a current
sent to motor to make it stop.

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Chapter 4:

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
1.) Needles to get down from the car or go out to open the gate (it could be
raining or under the scotching hot sun)
2.) Easy excess to the gate meaning with a push of a button, one is able to
open and close the gate.
3.) Automatic gate system is able to be connected to ones home alarm
security system
4.) No more stock or family pets disappearing down the road
5.) No more risking your life to open your gate on the dangerous roads.
6.) No more uninvited strangers on your door step.

Disadvantages

1.) Power failure may cause the gate to slow it opening and closing gate
speed cause using the backup battery. (might given chance for uninvited
stranger to came in easily).
2.) Although the motor and circuit is proven to withstand all weather
conditions, power overload and any other problems but there is always a
tendency that the circuit could malfunction or motor could jam.
3.) A cost for a good quality and reliable automatic gate are very expensive.
4.) This system needs proper and constant maintenance from time to time.

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Improvements on the fabricated model

• Car alarm systems remote to control the movement of gate

• 12v relay as a timer ( increase or decrease the voltage )
• Micro switch as a limit switch

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Conclusion

The automatic gate system fabricated and tested. The result was what we
expected that is, the motor and circuit was compatible with each other with the
gate. The motor was able to move the gate from one end to the other and
smoothly with the push of a button. We learned many skills such as welding,
wiring the circuit and other tools that we use for this project and was able to work
together as a team during this project.

Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the automatic gate system, we

found that it is advisable to use this kind system in our home and industrial area.

In other words, we found more good than bad from this system because it is
safer and more secure and it is able to keep the people who live in the house
safely.

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Workshop Gallery

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Reference:
The web sites that provide the information’s:

• www.autogates.com.my
• www.usautomatic.com
• www.amazinggates.com

The people who provided information and given guidance through

this project :

• Mr. Krishnan
• My classmates and college mates

The Gate , Motor and Circuits supplier :

• Mayear Electronics Trading ( Pasir Putih )

• Ah Kit Car accessories ( Lahat,Ipoh )

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APPENDICES

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