Hellenism signifies a fusion of Greek and Eastern cultures that supplied the fertile soil from which Christianity emerged.[t was a grand and formative period leading to the universal religion Papyrology--Athenaion politeia; Dyskolos and a substantial part of 6 others written by Menander of Athens, recently--a three century papyrus containing 100 epigrams of Posseidippos of Pella; Arrian says that Alexander would have never ceased campaigning, competing with himself if there were no rivals to surpass.He planned to extend his empire to the east of Indus but he was frustrated by his men,who wanted to enjoy the benefits of their conquest rather than to fight endlessly under the monsoon tains. He also planned 2 naval expedition against the spice lands of Arabia;a expedition against Carthage and in the western Mediteranean. The regent Perdiccas, after Alexander's death read his memoranda that proposed enormous expenses for conquest in the western Mediterranean , including a military road actoss North Africa to the Straits of Gibraltar. The troops voted to quash it Alexander's death-----11 july 323; "Alexander was a instrument of history and of God himself" a result of Alexander's conquest was religious syneretism;In 322 Peedilekae fought a campaign against the Cappadocian dynast Aviatathes but it was a tidying exercise, Atiatathes was mutilated and the kingdom annexed, but this was consolidation, not expansion ‘The occupation of the Indus lands was proving unsuitable even under Alesandes; Alter a show of forces in 306 Selewcos conceded the eastern sateapies of the empize to Chandragupta, in return for 500 war elephants. ‘The teansaction would be unthinkable under Alecander,but Seleakos was Antigonos and was prepared to sacrifice territory for military support Earlier Antigonos himself attacked the Nabatean Arabs adder threat from his fellow dynast ‘The levying of the "Epigonoi® The battle of @araitakene (late 31 Wien 3000 Silver Shiolds (the survivors of Alexander's foot guard) routed the mass of mercenaries and Macedonian trained asians with minimal casualties ‘The sattaps imitate Alesander bur the scale was sometimes absuedly different For example Leonnatos Alexander's bodyguard and later the satrap elect of a Phrygia He imitated Alexander's haisstyle, also he had a cavalry guard of Companions and Nesean horses. When the Lamian War broke out(323) Anriparros was embattassed by the lack of troops and promprly suffered a fist battle defeat Macedonia suffered since the time of Philip, 30 years ago, ‘The leading figures of the last decale were all gone Dead from che strains of campaigns themselves or executed in the intrignes of court politics Parmenion, Nikanor, Kleitos, Koinos and Hephaistion were all dead. Only Antipatzos xemained in Macedonia as xegent and general for Europe [Even in this eate Krateros was retuening in Macedon at the head of 10,000 experienced veterans with orders ta selieve him ‘The council of officers that gathered ar Babylon within a few days of Alexander's death consisted of second rank c The most experienced weren't there at all, Krateros and Antipatros. nanilers The Macedonian Phalanx chose Archidaios as king Archidaios was Alexander's step brother. Unity appeared to be restored, Bur ie was only appeacance Peedikkas had already begun consolidating his power, seeing ¢o it that all the potential sivals ar couse were given sattapies and commands away fom the center Antiparos and Krateros in Europe, Antigonos monophtahnos was satrap of Greater Phrygia. Eumenes of Kardia( Alexander's sectetacy) war given Cappadocia. Leonnatos was given Hellespontine Phrygia Prolemy chose Egypt, as his satrapy. Seleukos ,the former commander of the Hypaspists was promoted to command the Companions, Kassandios(Antipattos's son took Seleukos's place atthe head of the Hypaspists;The Wars of the Diadochoi It started with the rivalry between Olympia and Antipatros, To get rid of Antipatros, Olympia proposed to Perdikkas to marry Alexanders sister , Kleopatra ‘The price for the marriage was to deop the alliance with Antipattos ‘This was a path to kingship itself and it was too much for Petdikkas to refuse, And the war started Further, Prolemy entered the scene by hijacking Alexander's funeral cortege on its way back to Macedonia, diverting it to Egypt Antipatros and Krateros led one army fiom Europe into Asia Minor to attach Perdikkas fiom the nosth. Perdikkas detailed Eumenes to slow them up in Asia Minor while be took: care of Peoleay in Eyypt Enmenes managed to kill Krateros in personal combat But Antipatsos and the rest of the army brushed past him Jn the meontime Pexdikhas repeatedly failed to force the Nile line against Ptolemy in Egypt The result was that bis own officers killed him and the army desexted to Prolemy The Grand Army of Alexander met for what would be the last ime in 321 in Triparaides They chose Anripatros regent of the kings Autigonos was seat to punish Emnones sya Within two years Antiparros was dead of natural canses und the strayyle for the control of the empive was renewed Kassandios solidified his power in Macedonia. Olympia is killed Antiyouos proclaims himself "Lord of Asia” Lysimachos ruled in Thrace. In 304 AlexanderIV was killed. Antigonos TheOneE Fed's son Demetrios, who was ater given the nickname Poliorketes{meaning "the sacker of cities”) manages to liberate Athens from Kassandros and his puppet, Demetrios of Phaleron. For this he and his father were recognized as "savior Gods” and fwvo new tribes were established in Athens im their honour Demetrios defeats Ptolemy in a naval battle near Cyprus. In ate 206 Antigonos and Demetrios tried fo invade Fgypt and displace Ptolemy, but they failed miserably At thir point Demetrios then besieged the city of Rhodes over the next year but failed again. Demetrios got his name “sacker of cities" ar an ironic result of hie “The Antagonids broke Kasiandros's siege of Athens and restored the Hellenie League